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    Education

    Anthony Metivier’s Magnetic Memory Method Podcast

    Learn, Memorize And Recall Anything Using Memory Techniques, Mnemonics And A Memory Palace Fast

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    Latest Episodes:
    Photographic Memory Exposed: Debunking Myths To Empower You Nov 27, 2024
    Show notes

    In the world of memory improvement, the mere mention of photographic memory is usually connected with some kind of scam. But the problems begin with how so many people confuse the term “photographic memory” with a completely different concept called eidetic memory. Sometimes they even confuse it with the term “photogenic memory,” which is a mix-up, not anything that exists. To be photogenic means to look great when appearing in photographs. Another problem with this term is the validity of the available research. Frankly, most scientific material about people looking at information once, taking a mental snapshot and recalling something perfectly has not been well evidenced. Not only that, but if you think about it, no sane person would even want to be able to recall everything in such perfect detail. I’ll explain why with a notorious case study of a woman who wishes she could forget information. But first, let’s talk about how people define this term. What Do People Mean When They Use the Term Photographic Memory? Typically, people are referring to something called eidetic memory. This term describes the contested idea that children have highly visual recall. So visual, that it as if by accessing their memory, they are looking at photographs. The term may also have seized the popular imagination following the initial popularity of the Hannibal Lecter novels. Throughout the stories, he is said to have an extraordinary memory that has a photo-like quality. Other ideas that people take influence from include Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory or HSAM. But as this study shows, being able to remember your past is not the same as seeing what you remember visually in the sense of pictures. As BBC’s Science Focus has discussed, experts simply do not accept the argument that memory is picture-based or even remotely related to cameras. So with all this in mind, by the end of this article, I hope to convince you of one simple fact: Photographic Memory Does Not Exist(And I Can Prove It) Unless you’re a painter who would benefit from memorizing every single detail of a room or landscape, there are very few benefits to the idea of photographic memory. Serious artists make study sketches even from photographs because it’s not just about what they see. Artistic representation is what they can reproduce using their mind’s eye and their muscles. But let’s say you did want to memorize an entire book. Who would listen to you recite each and every word? Where and when would you perform the recitation? The answer is that you almost certainly would never use such a skill. And these days we have professional audiobook narrators, and even AI voices to handle such long-form content tasks. You can watch me question the limited value of memorizing entire books in greater detail in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3bn63x6aCM In reality, you need only memorize the most critical pieces of information in any given book. That’s why I wrote and recorded an entire podcast episode about how to memorize a textbook the right way. In brief, the method involves identifying the main points of a book and memorizing only the important information. Doing that releases you from not only memorizing thousands of words like “and, “if,” but, etc. You don’t need to bother reciting or recalling them either. The question is: Why do people want to possess so-called “photographic memory” when it won’t actually do anything for them? I believe the answer boils down to just one word: Fear. People Seek Fantasy Memory Tricks Because They Want Something Unrealistic… They want certainty in life. Since none of us knows what’s going to happen next, the idea of photographic memory is attractive because it creates a sense that some level of security is possible. They believe that if you can remember “everything,” you’ll be able to pass exams, never look foolish, get the best possible jobs and always be prepared for debates. In reality, you can study successfully without visually recalling words in books. You can also make mistakes and still avoid embarrassing situations and easily succeed in many areas of life. You can even stop forgetting important things once and for all. I know because I’ve been researching, practicing and teaching legitimate memory techniques that are proven to help. They are all well-evidenced by memory science and the incredible records produced by memory champions. But photographic memory is not how any successful learning or memory competitor achieves their results. Let me explain why. The Strange Research Behind Photographic Memory The idea of photographic memory may have first appeared in a 1970 Psychology Today article by Charles F. Stromeyer. Discussing a supposed Harvard student named “Elizabeth,” Stromeyer claimed she could remember detailed images with great clarity. He even claimed she could reproduce a stereogram, and some of his reports even wound up in Nature. Why is this research questionable? Two reasons. First, Stromeyer proceeded to marry Elizabeth. Second, he never studied her memory again. Wouldn’t you think that someone with such extraordinary memory would be the subject of continual analysis for the rest of her life? Why would such an incredible example disappear from view? The mega-savant Kim Peek remained public throughout his life, after all. Akira Haraguchi gives interviews about how he has memorized so many digits of pi. In reality, the answer is simple. There’s no such thing as photographic memory. The closest thing to it that exists is sometimes called highly superior autobiographical (HSAM) or hyperthymesia. But this condition has little to do with visual memory or even iconic memory. Her story and how she uses her memory in mostly verbal ways is quite unusual given what science has shown us about our massive storage capacity for images. As you’ll see, many people displaying superior autobiographical memory recite not images, but historical dates, names and numbers. These facts draw much more on semantic memory than anything visual or even remotely “photographic.” Far From Photographic Memory Take the case of Jill Price. She’s the author of The Woman Who Can’t Forget. If you’ve ever had the fantasy that you wanted to remember everything, after hearing her story, you’ll probably think again. As Price discusses in the book, her inability to forget information about the world and her personal life creates ongoing anguish. So much so that doctors she worked with invented an entirely new term to describe her condition: “hyperthymestic syndrome.” What exactly can she remember? One example is her ability to recite the news of every April 18th for ten years in a row with reasonable accuracy. Certainly, this is an interesting and even amazing feat. But is it useful? Not really. Although Price has claimed she would never trade this ability for the world, it’s clear that her ability to recall aspects of her life and historical dates hasn’t made her life easy. She doesn’t even use the term “photographic memory” herself, except in an excerpted passage from the chatroom where she met her husband. She also didn’t include the term in the glossary at the end of her book. Instead, Price uses the term “flashbulb memory.” This term also doesn’t fit the bill, showing that people who use her as an example of photographic memory are learning from someone who doesn’t have it, nor uses terms from memory science accurately. Flashbulb memory refers to when we sharply recall dramatic or tragic moments. For example, remembering where you were on the morning of 9/11 can seem vivid in your mind. But that doesn’t make it photographic in the sense that you could draw any of the scenes you saw on the news the way Stromeyer’s research suggests Elizabeth might have done. https://youtu.be/7FerGcT8HnI Price Still Forgets The news stories like to play up cases of highly superior autobiographical memory. But they hide key facts too. Although this ability astonished scientists – and it truly is astonishing – Price has shared how she struggles to learn and memorize simple things. Worse, her constant recall of emotional traumas from the past interfered with her scholastic performance. No doubt. Anxiety-induced memory loss is a real and serious issue. Even if you’re interested in techniques to develop photographic memory and still believe that it’s possible and desirable to develop this skill, I recommend that you read The Woman Who Can’t Forget. But if there’s one plus, it’s that Jill Price doesn’t have aphantasia. Choose a Better Metaphor & Other Alternatives to Photographic Memory Now that you know that there is a lack of scientific evidence for photographic memory, let me suggest that memory can be a lot more powerful than a camera. Take the case of Stephen Wiltshire, for example. He has the ability to draw intensely complicated cityscapes from memory. Watch this video to see what I mean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyPqQIHkasI Limiting this skill to something that a camera can do borders on insulting this incredible artist, something this Guardian article highlights in the article titled, “This man is not a camera.” Indeed, what he’s doing is far beyond “photographic.” It’s more like “microscopic,” if not at the same time evocative of the James Webb Telescope. My point is that memory is mysterious even to the best memory scientists, but appears to be reconstructive in nature. As I’ve discussed in-depth, to our best understanding of how memory works, the process involves your brain literally piecing together all kinds of information after it has been distributed throughout your brain. Dr. Gary Small describes the process like an entire family needing to get together for Thanksgiving Dinner. A single memory involves many different parts traveling along the “streets” and “highways” of the brain to gather at one home. There’s no perfect metaphor for what’s going on, but that one makes what’s going on relatively easy to picture. The question is, what will give you better memory so you can recall dates and facts as easily as someone with highly superior autobiographical memory? Here are some suggestions: One: Learn the Method of Loci I mentioned the term “Memory Palace” above. This memory technique is based on the ancient method of loci. To use it, you associate information with specific locations in a familiar place. When you want to recall information, you revisit these memory spaces and this process allows for easier recall. A reflection process is involved, and some researchers believe that people with highly superior autobiographical memory tend to reflect more than others. But there’s reason to believe that people like Jill Price also use locations in a way. She talks in her book about having written down more than 50,000 pages of notes. All of those notes are locations, not unlike how some mnemonists use Zettlekasten and the Leitner System. Likewise, the so-called “Boy who can’t forget” uses photographs and thinks back to where they are located on his bedroom wall frequently. You can see how this happens clearly in this documentary about him: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Bnu0UrgxBg Although this is not the Memory Palace method as such, it strongly relates, combined with journaling and reflective thinking. In other words, there’s likely nothing particularly genetic about what these people are doing to remember more. It’s behavioral, a kind of unconscious optimization of the ancient memory tradition. Two: Spaced Repetition People with unusual recall abilities repeat information almost obsessively. In fact, I’ve often talked about how I trained myself to have “Recall OCD” in order to learn faster and remember more. Specific techniques exist that can help refine the recall process. The most famous is spaced repetition and it is a fantastic alternative to rote learning. It is a discipline, however. Make sure to use deliberate practice so it enters your procedural memory. That way, you’ll use this process more-or-less automatically as you study. Three: Tell Stories We tend to remember information much better when it is embedded in stories. The good news is that you can use a mnemonic story method that brings the method of loci together with spaced repetition. https://youtu.be/YhN0rigUHTQ You can start practicing this method now by taking the story of Jill Price and placing it in a Memory Palace. Watch one of the videos about her or read her book. Then add a few of the details to a familiar location. Or tell a story about Jack and Jill paying high prices at the store. This simple approach can help you remember the last name “Price.” Four: Learn the History of Mnemonics & the Multi-sensory Memory Tradition Long before cameras existed, the greatest memorizers in history knew that encoding information into memory needed more than mere images. For example, Giordano Bruno taught combinatorial mnemonic systems. He developed these based on the Memory Wheel technique introduced by Ramon Llull and later refined by Jacobus Publicius. These mnemonic tools engage multiple senses, emotions, mythological associations, and spatial reasoning. Their experiences, independent accounts of their extraordinary recall and their written teachings provide yet another reason why “photographic memory” isn’t just unproven. It’s a bad aspiration, one that points people in exactly the wrong direction. Photographic Memory FAQs I’ve answered many questions over the years about photographic memory. Here are answers to the ones that come up most often. Is it “photogenic memory” or “photographic memory”? The more common term is “photographic memory,” but “eidetic memory” is the one used by scientists. And to this day there’s no consensus that even that kind of memory exists. The discussion around this term is misleading and as I hope to have suggested above, there are cases that demand better metaphors for what’s actually going on. Are There Any Jobs That Require Photographic Memory? No job could technically require a type of memory that doesn’t exist. But I do understand why people fantasize about what they imagine this metaphor will give them. For example, when I was younger and needed a job to help pay my way through my undergraduate B.A., I applied to work for Customs Canada. Had I been successful, I would have worked at an airport inspecting bags and scanning people for signs of suspicious behaviour. One of the exams I took involved looking at faces in disguise and then some moments later, without their disguises. In many cases, it proved very difficult to make a match. Would having something even remotely like a photographic memory have helped? Of course. But the reality is that I did well on this part of the test despite not having trained my memory to be photographic. The reason is that I paid special attention to easily recognizable parts of the faces, rather than trying to mentally photograph them as a whole. It’s a trick I picked up in psychology class and later prepared for the how to remember names and faces portion of the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass. I’ll share the details in my answer to the next FAQ. Is there a way to memorize faces that relates to photographic memory? Years ago, I read that the brain tends to recognize the shape of the nose and some of the circularity around the eyes. Everything else either fills in or it doesn’t, but you can increase your chance that these details will fill in by deliberately paying attention to the upside-down seven of the nose and the eight-shaped infinity symbol of the eyes. Although this idea might sound unlikely, it matches recent research findings in visual chunking and the role of fuzzy memories. I certainly wouldn’t call focusing on the nose and eyes bulletproof. But in my experience, taking a second to concentrate on these areas makes it much easier to recall faces later. This particular strategy relates to a technique taught by memory expert Harry Lorayne. However, in Lorayne’s teac…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Learning and Memory Trends: My Predictions For 2025 Nov 24, 2024
    Show notes

    2024 is winding down as a wild year for learning and memory trends. Largely because it’s been marked by record levels of disruption from Artificial Intelligence technologies. But have they really changed that much for learners in any practical sense? And are they helping human memory? If so, who is helped? Who gets left behind? I’m in touch regularly with learners who experiment wildly with learning technologies and report substantial results. But I also hear from people who just wind up overwhelmed. Then there are those who are innovating with new technologies, hoping to help more people by meeting them where they’re at. Which is all too often with their attention buried in devices. That’s why in this post I’m sharing my reflections from the past year and making a few predictions about what’s likely to happen in 2025. Buckle up, learning fanatic. This is going to be an intense ride! Learning And Memory Trends: My Predictions For 2025 The landscape of learning and memory seems to be developing rapidly. However, memory science and neuroscience at large shows us that the human brain doesn’t evolve quite so fast. But the fact that evolution moves slowly over generations, and that we might eventually adapt to our influx of technologies, doesn’t mean that our brains aren’t being rewired. 2024 saw the release of Jonathan Haidt’s The Anxious Generation. His argument is that we are rewiring the brain by exposing ourselves to too much online technology. His prediction based on existing data is that if we don’t make some serious changes, mental illness is going to spike. Especially amongst young people. Whereas Haidt focuses on young people overall, Richard Reeves wrote specifically about the effect on males in Of Boys and Men. Although I’m not quite as anxious as these two well-acknowledged thinkers, I mention them upfront because their themes are important. But by the end, you’ll find a bold prediction from me about how the current alarming trends might converge in ways that not only revolutionize how we learn. They could well fundamentally alter how we experience consciousness itself. For the better. Elderly woman sleeping with string on her finger One: Poor Sleep Will Continue to Erode Memory & Critical Thinking We’ve known for a long time just how important sleep is for remembering information optimally. A major 2024 study published in Science only underscores the facts. The terms they use involve how sleep helps not only form memories. It also establishes and maintains “network stability” based on what another study calls “neuronal assemblies.” Although the human brain is not a computer, there is a very real sense that the information we share flows between us like software code. Critically, our lack of sleep ruins more than recall. If we’re not well-rested, critical thinking often goes out the window. Part of the problem has to do with the maiming of working memory. You need to be able to juggle multiple details in real time when making decisions. It’s also easier to be influenced by emotions instead of reason when you’re tired. As these researchers have discovered, emotions and memory are tightly connected. So even emotional decisions that could be good if you were making them while well-rested stand a chance of being particularly poor when made while tired. Worse, poorly rested people struggle to remember the details of how they arrived at their bad decisions. Even if they normally have “random access memory” to the very best critical thinking strategies. My suggestion: Instead of falling for the apps and add-ons claiming that blue light or some other hack make it okay to use devices while in bed, try this in 2025 instead. Set a computer curfew and stick with it. Give yourself 2-3 hours of “digital fasting” before bedtime. Both your memory and your thinking skills will thank you for it. Two: Robot Created Learning Products Will Flood the Market I’m not going to boost any particular company by citing specific examples. But because I work online, advertisers target me with “automatic course creators” and “instant Ebook” artificial intelligence apps. They tell me I can produce entire books in minutes and script flagship courses ready to be recorded with my video camera within an hour or less. Used well, there is no doubt in my mind that experienced and ethical writers and course creators will become better than ever before. Wordy people (like me) will be able to get help with how they describe things without having to pay expensive human editors. (Editors who often have no expertise in the topic area, so wind up cutting out crucial details students need to have in their deliberate practice of many skills). But all kinds of people who really only care about identifying markets and selling products for cash and prizes will flood the market at a much faster pace. Because they have no scruples, they won’t worry about quality or student outcomes. Fortunately, there are ancient principles that still work great: As I’ve been advising people for years through my Memory Training Consumer Awareness Guide, carpe diem, but always caveat emptor. In case you don’t know any Latin, those terms mean “seize the day, but buyer beware.” This leads us to my next prediction. Three: Online Courses Will Continue to Help Learners Confuse Activity with Accomplishment When it comes to learning and memory, there’s a strange fascination with “gamification.” People seem to feel like they’ve learned more when animations explode on the screen. The sound of bells appeals to people when they complete a lesson. Others like to collect points, coins or badges. I get it. I don’t like it and find it thoroughly annoying – but I get it. The problem is that I don’t find the evidence for the gamification of education compelling. Although this systematic review of the literature finds cause for optimism, it also recognizes serious gaps in the literature. I’d suggest that there are also gaps in how a lot of the scientific studies are conducted as well. For example, this study of gamification in science education was based on a questionnaire. The justification for making claims based on self-reporting is lacking. Nature has reported on how self-reporting like this winds up problematized by memory biases. I don’t want to dwell on the negative, but validity problems plague so many memory statistics and studies. My sad prediction is that people will continue “gamifying” online learning platforms with little or no evidence that any of the activities they’re injecting into the courses lead to accomplishment. Feeling like you’ve had a great experience is great. But it doesn’t mean you’ve developed a skill in any meaningful way. Four: Augmented Reality & Virtual Reality Will Remain Fringe Interests I could be way off the mark here. But it seems to me that the vast majority of humans want to be unencumbered by helmets and glasses. For one thing, it’s hard to maintain situational awareness when you’re wearing a device – especially one that disrupts your attention with visual and audio notifications. Perhaps such devices will increase your ability to monitor threats in the environment. But I think that’s misguided. What if a connection goes bad? Or a bad guy has a scrambling device? Wouldn’t you rather that you were fully aware and ready to defend yourself instead? Even in the relatively safe environment of one’s home, I predict that the vast majority of people will want to be instinctually free of devices that isolate or invade their ability to track environments in extreme ways. Part of my thinking here is actually influenced by Jaron Lanier, a VR pioneer. He raises issues in Dawn of the New Everything that relate to situational awareness. There are also uncanny valley effects that could pose challenges to our ability to learn in simulated environments. Finally, there’s a memory champion who released a Memory Palace app. Strangely, his team wanted me to promote the product as an affiliate. But the creator would not appear on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast to discuss it. I can’t be sure, but it feels strongly to me that there was no desire to face the hard questions I have to ask about the efficacy of such an app. My criticism of digital amnesia and my traditional views on what constitutes a Memory Palace are well-known. I can’t think of any other reason why the interview never came about. Five: More People Will Take Their Health Into Their Own Hands Besides the problem with decisions being made based on scientifically invalid studies, people are waking to the fact that many foods harm memory. The more I think about it, the more shocked I am that governments allow our grocery stores to be filled with garbage. I believe in free markets, but ever since I started making sure I eat primarily foods that improve memory and making sure I get enough exercise, my concern for others has grown. Sure, memory techniques worked for me when I ate horribly during university. I even performed reasonably well at a memory competition against Dave Farrow while completely hungover. Although my performance underscores the value of mnemonics, I’m not proud that I let myself live that way. And memory techniques work so much better now that I’ve been sober since 2015. In fact, I quit the day of that competition because I realized I had dishonored the ancient memory tradition. The Warrior of the Mind Emblem for Outstanding Contributions to Global Mental Literacy Since releasing The Victorious Mind, many people have told me their stories of cleaning up their diets and other consumption habits. Six: Interest In Memory And Aging Will Explode Giants paved the way for my entire career as a mnemonist and memory improvement teacher. Harry Lorayne gave me my first dose of business advice. Tony Buzan awarded me the Warrior of the Mind Emblem, an honor only he could imagine creating so much impact. Both of these incredible educators were proof of concept. Lorayne continued doing magic tricks that required “heavy memory lifting” into his 90s. When I met Buzan, he looked far younger than his age and was mentally sharp in the ways only consistent memory training enables. Often people find me because they’re searching for those guys. Or for more information because of how inspiring they were because they put the proof in the pudding. And as people continue to live longer lives, they will want to enjoy mental fitness and memory agility. For reasons we’ll get into, I believe it will be easier than ever before for people to enjoy lifelong learning. The core point is that ours is a time for aging. Even though mistakes will happen as medical science develops better treatments, aging can be much more delightful if more people take individual responsibility for their physical and mental health. I’m so inspired by people like Matt Barclay who tackled the aftermath of his cardiac arrest by memorizing Psalms. And people like Nic Castle, who said no to PTSD. Castle’s accomplishments perfectly demonstrate the research showing how using memory techniques can fend off even the worst symptoms such conditions cause. Seven: Cultural Conflict Will Continue To Impact Memory No, I’m not going to get political. Except to make one simple point: Implicit memory helps explain why some people believe they are “correct” about this or that claim to territories and ideologies. Implicit memory describes the type of memory that makes us learn things on autopilot. If you’ve ever said, “I can’t change, that’s just the way I am,” chances are you feel that way because automatic learning has you locked in a holding pattern. This “dark side” of memory makes it difficult for people to consider other points of view, let alone change perspective. I don’t pretend to have a solution. But I believe the explanation lies with memory. Sadly, I see little change happening because establishing some kind of “blank slate” society where people can grow up without learning various behaviors and thought patterns would be inhumane. There’s a terrible irony in this, something Nietzsche noticed when he wrote one of his most misinterpreted lines: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfqL9NZp1T0 To look on the bright side, it’s possible that human memory will expand. Critical thinking and asking philosophical questions would naturally increase along with it. I just can’t see us making substantial strides in 2025. If progress is possible, something one of my favorite mnemonists denies, it will likely remain incremental. Eight: Microtubules Might Give Us Insight Into Consciousness & Memory If slow progress is possible, one line of research that might speed things up has to do with Orchestrated objective reduction. This controversial theory suggests that consciousness and memory arise from quantum processes that take place within the microtubules of your brain. Other fun terms involved in this theory include “neuronal cytoskeleton.” I predict that interest in this field will continue to grow. I personally hope the needed satellite experiment Roger Penrose has proposed will go forward. For the full story, check out this review of the literature pertaining to this theory. Nine: Language Learning Will Likely Suffer (And Learners Along With It) When it comes to learning and memory trends, picking up a second language went through an explosion in popularity when the Internet went mainstream. For the first time, you could easily rig Netflix to be a fantastic language learning software. Back when I was learning German so I could lecture in the language during my years as a Mercator Scholar, I had to get DVDs and make sure they had subtitles. Often the translations were totally off. And overdubbing was rarely quality. These days, however, you can get some decent language lessons using ChatGPT. But even if they’re decent, learning a new language requires human interaction. People getting together, especially when it comes to the inconvenience of scheduling language learning lessons, seems to be going down. Shortcuts are incredibly enticing, especially since skilled marketers can easily sway the mass market. The shockingly bad ways many language learning apps use bunk science in their marketing will probably increase in volume. The positive side is that the technology can help you find great language learning teachers. And it’s amazing to me how easy it is to connect with people who have mastered the languages I’m passionate about. Maybe an AI will make scheduling easier soon too. The point being is that people need to make sure they aren’t starving themselves of speaking and listening to natives in their target languages. The temptation to do so will increase, and there’s the strong risk that this will impoverish us all. Ten: Polymaths Will Patch Together Powerful Learning Frameworks One of the greatest trends I’ve seen comes to me from my most motivated students. Take Brian Koscak, for example. Shortly after I released my latest book, Phoenix Reborn, he sent me an AI-slide deck version of the book. Albeit a short work, it took me a long time to write and record the audiobook version of this adaptation of Peter of Ravenna‘s legendary Memory Palace book. Not only that, but Brian had an AI produce a kind of mind map of the book as well. Now, I’m not going to lie. Before my in-depth interviews with memory expert Lynne Kelly and AI consultant Andrew Mayne, I was feeling ambivalent about AI. The disruption it has caused people like myself when it comes to getting found on the Internet has not been easy to navigate. And some of my favorite writers about learning, like Audrey Watters at Hack Education, seem beyond despondent. But those two guests made me feel much more hopeful. And Brian’s engagement with my latest book even more so. As Brian put it in an email, “I am into multi-modal learning.” Me too, I have to admit. Even better, Brian’s engagement reminded me that people can treat these tools as supplements for the books I personally hold so precio…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    7 Causes Of Forgetting And How To Eliminate Them Quickly Oct 31, 2024
    Show notes

    If you’re wondering what specific causes of forgetting are holding you back from acing exams or getting (and keeping) a great job, you’re in the right place. As a graduate student, and later as a professor, I worked hard on eliminating various issues that harmed my memory. I’m talking about everything from improving my diet to dealing with childhood trauma. These days, I battle ageing and take action every day to keep my stress in check. On this page, I’ll share with you everything I’ve learned about eliminating issues that harm my ability to recall critical information. And I’m sharing just about everything I do as someone who writes, blogs and podcasts for a living. As a memory expert, I absolutely have to make sure that whatever is behind my forgetfulness is quickly and thoroughly handled. By the end of this article, you’ll be able to effectively eliminate the gremlins causing you to forget too. Ready? Let’s dive in, starting with this handy infographic I created to list all of the major issues that could be causing your memory to operate in less than spectacular ways. 7 Causes Of Forgetting And How To Eliminate Them Quickly As we go through this list of, it’s useful to quickly define exactly what forgetting is. Sure, it’s obvious, but let’s look at forgetfulness in all of its dimensions. Forgetting specifically speaks to any situation in which: Information that was once stored in the brain because inaccessible Memories can be lost temporarily or permanently Some forgetting is normal and a healthy part of your cognitive functioning Excessive forgetting indicates issues that could be neurological in nature or indicate a health problem With this nuanced definition of forgetting under our belt, let’s look at the most common causes behind why we sometimes struggle or fail to remember a variety of information types. One: The Decay Theory Of Forgetting Sounds brutal, right? It is brutal. But “decay” remains the right word. As you’ll see, my personal experience with deliberately testing it proves the case. According to scientific work conducted back in the 1950s, time is the number one factor behind why our memories fade. But the term itself goes back to Edward Thorndike‘s work in a 1914 book called The Psychology of Learning. He was influenced by Hermann Ebbinghaus’ “forgetting curve.” You’ve probably felt what it’s like for memories to fade, or “slip.” That’s what the forgetting curve described: how long it takes for something learned to slide beyond your ability to recall it. To beat the forgetting curve, you just need to use spaced repetition. The difference between the decay theory of forgetting and Ebbinghaus’ curve is that the forgetting curve assumes you’re still trying to recall the information during regular intervals. Learning to use spaced repetition to defeat the Forgetting Curve started in earnest with the research of Hermann Ebbinghaus. Decay theory, on the other hand, describes the amount of time it takes for information to exit your memory after a period or not accessing it. This explanation basically matches a phrase that we use all the time: “Use it or lose it.” Although that phrase doesn’t sound all that scientific, there are principles of deliberate practice and spaced repetition that help ensure we do continue using information. Personally, I’ve experimented with the decay theory by deliberately not reciting the Song Celestial. For example, this set of Sanskrit phrases took a few weeks to memorize. After three months of not reciting them, I found that I could still recite the first 10. But beyond that, the word “decay” definitely applied. After the first ten, the rest of the phrases had crumbled. Sure, I could get back some of the words in some of the phrases, but there was literally “decay” that had eaten into them. It was an interesting experiment, but the tragedy is that I would need to memorize them again if I wanted to be able to either speak them aloud or review them mentally. Thankfully, I have maintained several other long-form pieces in Sanskrit that I do main. Two: Interferences Make You Forget You’ve probably experienced interference many times. It happens a lot during arguments, for example. Someone establishes a point that you want to raise later, only to have it disappear from your mind. Less dramatically, imagine the following scenario: Someone introduces themselves and before you can commit their name to memory, they tell you something else that completely knocks it from your mind. This happens not only because of interference, but because short-term memory only has a few seconds to encode the memory. If it doesn’t stay in working memory so that the information can enter long-term memory, it will typically be gone for good. Another aspect of interference involves competition between similar memories. In the memory improvement world, we sometimes call this The Ugly Sister Effect or “ghosting.” As a key explanation for why you keep forgetting things, it’s highly recommended to use memory techniques to handle the issue. Three: Retrieval Failure If you’ve ever felt like information you wanted to remember was on the tip of your tongue but you couldn’t quite get it, the failure of that attempt is called retrieval failure. The relationship between recall and retrieval is a big topic. But you can easily improve the connections in your memory by working on a variety of memory skills. The exact mnemonic strategies you use to combat retrieval failure should be dictated by your specific learning goals, not just how memory works. This point is important because sometimes people choose the wrong approach when combatting this particular cause of forgetting. It’s also normal for failure to happen once in awhile. I’m on podcasts quite a bit and recently struggled to remember a certain Sanskrit phrase I normally know well when discussing language learning with Luke Ranieri. If it happens to you, don’t beat yourself up about it, but use reflective thinking instead to get to the bottom of how you can improve. Four: Motivated Forgetting As strange as it sounds, sometimes people either forget on purpose, or work very hard at it. Scientists don’t yet fully understand this type of forgetting. Nonetheless, this study suggests that people can and do impair their ability to retain certain types of information. Another word for this kind of forgetting is “repression,” not to be mistaken with the kind that Freud meant. Tony Buzan with Anthony Metivier and Phil Chambers If you’re interested in diving deep into this form of forgetting, I suggest the psychoanalytical works of Robert Langs. One of this theories was that patients often challenge the psychoanalyst in order to avoid doing the healing work of introspection. But they will unconsciously ask to be guided. In his book, Psychotherapy: A Basic Text, he talks about how a patient “forgot” to put the right decimal amount on a cheque for the therapeutic fee. Langs interpreted this as a communication to the doctor and created basic “boundary” rules for helping patients recognized their motivated forgetting and the issues underlying them. Although many have been critical of Langs’ theories, I’ve personally found them useful. One thing you can watch for yourself and in others are similar lapses in memory that may encode deeper meanings. I often catch myself “forgetting” to do things, and journal about why that might be happening. It’s been incredibly helpful for increasing my productivity and facing fewer consequences from unnecessary lapses. Five: Ageing And Forgetting As I age, I definitely notice that I don’t remember things as well as when I was younger. Ironically, memory athletes like James Gerwing exist. He won a memory competition after retiring in his sixties. I also remember both Tony Buzan and Harry Lorayne fondly – as memory experts, they were incredibly sharp in their 70s and 80s. Ideally, I’ll also be that sharp. But in order to achieve that, I’ll need to continually exercise my memory. That’s no problem at all. I absolutely love doing so by learning languages and memorizing speeches, like my TEDx Talk. In order to combat ageing holistically, however, lots of socialization is also needed. That and solid sleep for memory and taking care to eat foods that improve memory. Six: Not Paying Attention This is a big one. As Harry Lorayne often pointed out, there’s no point in using memory techniques if you’re not going to practice focused attention. How to focus better so that information gets encoded into your memory in the first place? One of the best ways is spend a bit of time each day with one of several concentration meditations. You can also bring a level of intention to various situations. For example, when I read books for research purposes, I set an intention to “hunt” for the main points. This attention strategy is tremendously useful for creating focus throughout my study sessions. Seven: Unaddressed Stress And Trauma I mentioned my TEDx Talk above. It’s a snippet from my book The Victorious Mind. In this book, I share how I wanted to stop forgetting once and for all and used something called the Memory Palace technique to help address trauma I experienced while younger. As a result of applying this technique, much of anxiety has disappeared. It might sound fantastic, but I learned about the idea from a research study that demonstrates just how useful the method of loci (a.k.a. Memory Palace technique). As Tim Dalgleish and his fellow researchers found, people who use this ancient memory technique experienced relief from depression. Why exactly trauma and stress harm memory isn’t well known. In fact, sometimes stress can cause us to remember more than we’d like. Either way, the point is that anxiety and memory go together. Working on one will help resolve issues with the other. The Ultimate Way To Remove Your Causes Of Forgetting There are more issues we could discuss, such as substance abuse, various medical conditions and situations like simply disliking school. But if you’re keep to just get on with your learning life, here’s what I suggest. I’ve put together a free course that teaches you the Memory Palace technique that helped finally stop forgetting. Sign up here: It will help you through four free videos and three worksheets. In full transparency, this course will also challenge you and your memory. The notion of challenge presents another hidden cause of forgetting: Many of us fail to take on challenges. That’s what this course will help you do: Give your memory a good workout through simple and fun steps. It’s just that they’re not too simple. And that’s important because scientists have fully evidenced the active recall activities you’ll go through on the journey to remembering more. So, what do you say? Ready to remove forgetting and start relying on your memory? Make it happen!

    Full show notes at the publisher

    6 Benefits of Mind Mapping With 6 Personal Mind Map Examples Oct 18, 2024
    Show notes

    I was skeptical of mind maps until Tony Buzan personally taught me how to use the technique in ways that unpack the true benefits of mind mapping. In case you don’t know Buzan, he wrote many bestselling books on the topic. But I still wound up ignoring his advice about this “mental Swiss Army Knife,” because I wrongly assumed there was no way mind mapping could be so good. Thankfully, I finally put his instructions into action when we met. Now, I still follow the mind map I created under his guidance in my work. I’ve created many more mind maps since that day and they have never failed to help me achieve some impressive goals. In fact, a lot of the posts I’ve written for this blog started as mind maps using a few special ingredients I’d like to share with you today. Ready to learn more about this special tool for creativity, planning, brainstorming and remembering more? Let’s dive in! What Are Mind Maps Are & How They Help As usual, different people define mind maps in a variety of different ways. I like the definition Tony Buzan gave best. He told me that it was a means of “radiant thinking.” Of allowing your creativity to go “supernova.” In Mind Map Mastery, Buzan defined mind mapping: …initially as an innovative form of note-taking that can be used in any situation where linear notes would normally be taken, such as attending lectures, listening to telephone calls, during business meetings, carrying out research and studying. However, it quickly became clear that Mind Maps can also be used for ground-breaking design and planning; for providing an incisive overview of a subject; for inspiring new projects; for uncovering solutions and breaking free from unproductive thinking, among many other things. In my experience, mind mapping does offer all of these outcomes. And as you’ll see, it can also help boost memory, a goal that Buzan says he ultimately abandoned in favor of teaching mind mapping for other outcomes. I’ve always thought that his decision was premature, and I’m excited to share with you ways that mind mapping can help with memory improvement. 6 Benefits of Mind Mapping As we go through these advantages of mind mapping, keep in mind that it’s important to experiment and explore the technique in a variety of ways. If any ideas arise that you don’t see covered here, or by other mind mapping experts like Phil Chambers and Joseph Rodriguez, follow your instincts. It’s just ink and paper, so you have nothing to lose. In fact, as Joseph explained in this podcast episode, you potentially have everything to gain: One: Rapid Career & Business Planning I created the mind map that finally changed my mind about the technique when I met Tony at a ThinkBuzan event. I told him about my hesitations around using the technique to plan my entire business, and he reminded me to simply take the core ideas and give it a try. I’m glad I did and here’s what that mind map, which I still refer to often, looks like: Basically, this highly visual mind map represents the core goals I have for my work with the Magnetic Memory Method. Although this business mind map might not make sense to others, I can see and understand at a glance the goals I’ve set for myself. At the seven o’clock position, for example, I see a quick doodle of the symbol for medicine with a sad face and a happy face. This symbolized my commitment to help nurses and doctors with mnemonics for medical terminology. Since getting this goal visualized on this mind map, I’ve: Written and released two editions of How to Learn and Memorize Medical Terminology Written many posts for medical students on this blog Started a medical mnemonics podcast with one of my most successful nursing graduates Shared some of my own medical history to inspire all kinds of people to improve their health by releasing The Victorious Mind All that from just one on the tributaries on this mind map. “Tributaries” was Buzan’s word for the colorful, triangle-like shapes that you extend from a central image that established the theme of a mind map. Here’s the point: If you want to achieve your goals, mind mapping them will likely help. The trick is to keep the mind map in view so that it helps you maintain your focus. Two: Creative Depth I write a lot of books, articles and video scripts. Many are successful because I take the time to dig deep into the issues worth discussing by mind mapping using the basic principles Buzan suggested. For example, here’s a mind map I created while planning a blog post about how to retain information: In addition to using tributaries, I have benefitted from Buzan’s suggestion to switch colors frequently. It provides a form of interleaving as you give your mind a break to come up with more ideas. By boiling ideas down to simple keywords and giving your self space for a few bullet-points, you can create an unconventional outline that will make your writing unique in just a few minutes. I have also mind mapped fiction as well. My well-received “Memory Detective” novel Flyboy, started as a mind map, for example. Three: Note-Taking A great way to use mind mapping basically involves creating a concept map to help you better understand a topic. Unlike planning your career or brainstorming creative ideas for writing projects, mind maps help you visualize the relationships between ideas. In one mind map example I explained in a detailed video, I arranged my notes for a book I’d read visually: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DjtAAZcw6k But my favorite mind map example comes from one of my students who mind mapped the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass. Check it out: As you can see, Keko used the circular structure all of my own mind maps use. But she adopted her own style. Her “seashell” structure really make the keywords pop at a glance. That’s important because one of the most important benefits of mind mapping comes from being able to understand something as quickly as possible. Unlike note-taking in a journal and having to flip through dozens of pages, the benefit here is that you can see all of the main ideas at a glance. If you want to go deeper on any of the details, they are also on the same page in the bullet points. Four: Spaced-Repetition Phil Chambers has shared an incredible way to use mind maps for spaced-repetition. If you don’t know about this special memory technique, briefly, it’s a means of reviewing information in a manner optimized to create long-term memories quickly. His suggestion in 101 Top Tips for Better Mind Mapping is this: Every time you review a mind map, leave a roman numeral. That way you have a general idea of how many times you’ve revisited the information. This might seem like a subtle point, but the benefit is that people often don’t track their activities enough. What isn’t measured is harder to improve. So when students tell me that they have tried a technique, I usually ask them how many times and over what period of time. When they can’t tell me, I share Phil’s suggestion so that they have an accurate record. Memory athlete Johannes Mallow has shared similar ideas for tracking how often you show up to practice and review. And overall, tracking your progress is a well-established aspect of what top performers call deliberate practice. Tracking how many times you’ve reviewed the ideas on your mind maps using Roman numerals is very deliberate, indeed. Five: Fluency Boosts Let’s face it: learning a new language is challenging. But this study shows that mind mapping is an effective means of remembering vocabulary. Yet another study has found that students not only learn vocabulary better when incorporating mind mapping as part of language learning. They enjoy the process much more too. I experienced this myself when I incorporated basic mind mapping principles when successfully completing Level III in Mandarin Chinese a few years back. Here’s one of the mind maps I created to help me while I worked towards getting the Level III certificate: Although I did not use a central image, but rather the pinyin on these mind maps, I incorporated drawings whenever I could. The benefit of having more fun was not produced so much by drawing pictures, but from: Being able to see the many parts of the Chinese characters at a glance Having a repeatable process to follow that kept me in a state of flwo Being able to treat the mind map as a mental journey using the method of loci If you’ve ever found language learning too challenging for your tastes, I’m sure you’ll benefit from injecting some creativity and fun into the process by incorporating at least a little mind mapping. Need more detail? Check out this video tutorial: https://youtu.be/6yxFOoyJeQw Six: Mastering the Art of Memory As I mentioned above, Buzan more or less stopped teaching mind mapping for memory in the 1980s. Although Phil Chambers has continued sharing his Roman Numeral idea, I’m not sure he’s explored mind mapping much further for memorization than that either. But as you’ve seen, I used mind maps for language learning quite successfully. It gets even better if you’re interested in adding mnemonics. You see, sometimes when people are new to the art of memory, they worry about whether they’ll be successful with the Memory Palace technique. Often, they worry that they won’t be able to find enough Memory Palaces easily to help them reach their learning goals. A major benefit of mind mapping is that it helps you rapidly generate many Memory Palace options. This feature is something I discussed in-depth in my tutorial on using mind maps in combination with the method of loci. Here’s an example mind map that helped me generate dozens of options in just a few minutes: Given how powerful the Memory Palace technique can be, it’s well worth exploring further. To get started, start with a central image and use multiple colors and tributaries to generate possible locations you could use. On the mind map I’ve shared above, you can see that I identified everything from the homes of friends and family to mnemonic locations in movies and series, to churches and cars. You might laugh at the idea that a car can serve as a Memory Palace. But that’s exactly what James Gerwing used to help him win the 2019 Canadian Memory Championship. How to Harness the Many Powers of Mind Mapping In a word: start. I personally waited too long myself. Life would be very different had I been using this technique since elementary school. I would probably have accomplished much more in life, a lot sooner. Still, I have no regrets. I’m just glad that I listened to Buzan’s advice and started exploring and experimenting with the technique. I’ve written many more books as a result, taken calculated risks without worrying to much and accomplished deeply personal goals that I had mistakenly believed were impossible. Mind mapping might not be a magic bullet, but it does just what Buzan promised: It helps make your ideas radiate. And with just a little bit of practice following the principles I’ve shared today, your ideas and desires stand a chance of going supernova. If you’d like more ideas and help learning to use memory techniques in a “supernova” way, check out this Buzan-approved memory course I created for you: Now that you know more about why mind maps are so great, I’m confident you’ll love the video lessons and worksheets I’ve got for you within. After all, if I hadn’t had both Memory Palaces and mind maps myself, my own progress would have been even slower. So what do you say? Are you ready to apply mind mapping to your goals? Here’s to taking action!

    Full show notes at the publisher

    How to Remember Concepts: 5 Steps To Mastering Complex Ideas Sep 25, 2024
    Show notes

    If you want to know how to remember concepts, the trick is to use memory techniques that can handle conceptual information. But deeply absorbing concepts is not entirely about memorization or using learning techniques. On this page, I’ll teach you the Memory Palace technique and how to use it for developing expert levels of familiarity with multiple concepts. And go further by making sure you embed the memorization steps in the larger process of processing what you learn. How do I know why it’s so important to combine memorization with other learning activities? My knowledge is based on my experiences as a professor who taught critical thinking at university. And as a memory expert who has written over a dozen bestselling books on memory techniques, I’ve memorized dozens of concepts. I learn a lot from the broad fields of philosophy, music, grammar, business and sometimes even physics. From a memory perspective, the tools you need boil down to five “systems” that combine the best mnemonic devices for effective recall. I’m going to share all of them with you and give some examples. But we’ll also talk about the bigger picture so that you’re not just reciting concepts from memory. You’ll also be able to connect them across multiple fields. Ready for a deep dive tutorial on turning even the most abstract information into concrete ideas you will easily remember? Let’s dive in! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIBq-k9pP_I How To Remember Concepts: 5 Simple & Effective Steps Before we get into the individual steps, you might want to read my tutorials on turning abstract thinking into concrete thinking within just a few seconds. This opening step is essential because without it, you’ll be stuck thinking that concepts are much more abstract than they might be in reality. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBYBu-Qystc This video tutorial above details the first step: Knowing your concepts and recognizing them by name. I highlight this important step because a lot of people think that they are dealing with concepts when in fact, it’s specialized terminology they’re struggling to remember. In other words, it’s often the case that you get the “gist” of the term. But it’s the term itself that’s got you stumped. If that’s the case, you can move directly to my tutorial on how to memorize vocabulary. It will save you a lot of time whenever you’ve got the basic idea, and are really just struggling with the words themselves. One: Start With The Concept By Name (With Or Without Understanding It) Here’s a principle that I think you’ll find useful based on a problem: A lot of people think you have to understand concepts before memorizing them. As a result, they wait until they understand before committing anything to memory. Although that delay can be useful in some contexts, I disagree that you have to wait for understanding before you start memorizing. Here’s a personal example, one I unfolded in my TEDx Talk: I only came to understand a lot of the Sanskrit phrases I’ve memorized while studying a philosophy called Advaita Vedanta after memorizing them. Just memorizing the term “Advaita Vedanta” and its meaning helped me better understand it. The process of memorizing first and understanding later might sound counterintuitive. But once you give it a try a few times, you’ll quickly see that the name of any concept is core information. So, it’s well worth starting by memorizing the name of a concept first. Next, understand that every part of the concept is also essentially a name. Example of a Concept with a Name and Multiple Parts For example, a Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass student recently asked me about memorizing the Eightfold Path in Buddhism. The main concept is that certain behaviors will free you from suffering. Then, you need to memorize each of the eight interconnected aspects of the concept. Each are themselves conceptual. You can spend a lifetime reflecting on these paths and still not fully understand them. And that’s okay. The key is to simple know how to memorize a list of information. And as I told my student, from there you couple memorizing the names of the parts by combining further study and practice over time. How to Memorize Multiple Concepts by Name To accomplish this, I personally use multiple Memory Palaces. That way I always have a lot of room for all the concepts I want to commit to memory. We’ll talk more about layering concepts into Memory Palaces in a moment. But here’s another tip: Always say the concept and its definition out loud as you’re learning it. This step is important because often we try to understand things purely in the silence of our minds. That’s just not workable for most of us. That’s why formal courses often get you to engage in discussions with your fellow students. It’s a way of cementing in what you want to learn by experiencing both the term and the ideas in a more concrete format. It’s also useful to question everything about the concept, both verbally, mentally and physically by writing. I think of applying questions as a kind of “mental rotation.” The more angles you see by asking the classic who, what, when, where, why and how questions, the easier it will be to remember any concept. Two: Start To Apply “Magnetic” Associations The instant you come across an association, translate it mentally into a multisensory mnemonic image. As discussed in Scientific American, and even taught in its pages, making striking images is especially powerful in information dense fields like science and medicine. To give you a simple example, when I memorized the term “Advaita,” I combined the most famous advertising expert I know with Steve Via. Ad + Vai created a core imagine that made “advaita” stick to memory. Then I added a few more associations for the second part of the term and the meaning. If you feel like you might be too slow with this kind of association assignment activity, I suggest completing these simple and fun visualization exercises. Then go through these sensory memory exercises for even better results. Visualization and association are so important because they help make abstract information concrete and tangible for your brain. Three: Place Your Associations In Memory Palaces If you’re new to the Memory Palace technique and memory skills overall, here’s what it a Memory Palace is and how it applies to rapidly absorbing conceptual information. The Memory Palace technique is also know as the method of loci or the journey method. To use it for memorizing concepts, choose a familiar location, like a living room or workplace office. Once this is done, split your location into specific spots, as you see in this illustration: A Memory Palace example based on my studio bedroom in Berlin circa 2013. You then associate each concept you want to memorize with each spot in the Memory Palace by placing your associations along a journey. Then, when you mentally walk back through the Memory Palace, you’ll recall the images. Like an advertiser with Steve Vai to get back the word “advaita.” Although this kind of alphabetical association might seem like it only works for small bits of information at a time, that’s actually a good thing. To understand why focusing on smaller units of information is so powerful, you can look into the science of memory and chunking for more on the why and how. What’s more important is to know that breaking things down into smaller parts has been the method of choice for many great conceptual thinkers throughout history, including: Simonides of Ceos The author of the Rhetorica ad Herennium St. Augustine St. Thomas Aquinas Giordano Bruno Robert Fludd You can learn more about all of these thinkers and how they used this ancient memory technique in The Art of Memory. I suggest studying the history and techniques of these mnemonists in particular precisely because they learned and used so many concepts throughout their careers. Four: Use Active Recall & Spaced Repetition Right or wrong, a lot of people learn about the Memory Palace technique through Sherlock Holmes. As a result, they come to think of the technique as a kind of “storage.” It can be, but that’s not really the point. Rather, we want to use the Memory Palace technique for spaced repetition and active recall. This is the fastest and most reliable way to usher the concepts you need to learn into long-term memory. You can also use flashcards for concept retention, but the point is to self-test. Using the Memory Palace makes it easy. If you have ten concepts in a Memory Palace, you simply mentally walk through the space. As you go, you think about the associations you placed there and let them come to mind. This process will feel challenging. But we know from plenty of memory science that the mind needs challenges like this to form memories. It can get a bit technical, but in this study you can see how various practice routines are essential to memory formation. The same findings are available in many studies of what we call deliberate practice. Five: Employ Study Habits That Boost Retention Memory techniques are fantastic. But as I said in the introduction, you also want to embed your memorization in a larger range of activities. These additional strategies include using active reading strategies and take notes from your books in a sophisticated manner. Making sure you choose to learn in the best possible study places will also help. I’ve talked a lot about how to learn faster on this blog and highly recommend modelling how I memorize textbooks. This video details exactly how I passed my PhD at York University far ahead of my peers who entered the Humanities program the same year: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIQRiqQFKQY I had to deal with dozens of concepts during those years of study and I’m so glad I had all of these techniques in my skillset. The main technique starts with extracting ideas from books and writing them out on Zettelkasten. The Zettelaskten process is essentially an advanced form of using flashcards. But this is perhaps the most important tip of all when considered in the context of my entire approach: The study habits I use involve taking frequent breaks and switching strategically between topics. This process of rotating through textbooks is the principle of interleaving that has been so helpful for many people dealing with concept-heavy information. You Really Can Retain Even The Most Complex Concepts As you’ve seen, improving how you learning complex ideas starts by deeply engaging the concepts you need to remember. As we’ve discussed above, don’t be passive about it. Literally start by memorizing the name of the concept and unfamiliar terms. Then go further by saying the concept out loud. Then, commit the concepts to memory using the mental tools we’ve discussed. Mnemonics that use associations will lead to making greater connections over time. And don’t worry about making mistakes. You can always go back and fix errors. Mistakes will also teach you as you learn to commit challenging information to memory. In my experience after years of working with thousands of students, the key is to ensure that you’re actually memorizing the main point of the concept. That way, you can add on the more subtle details on the basis of the biggest idea. This will help you memorize entire passages relatively quickly using the Memory Palace technique. But it will also help you benefit from the “less is more” principle over time. When you’re regularly reading, writing, speaking about and listening to others talk about concepts, more detail will stick without needing memory techniques at all. If you need more help with the Memory Palace part of the process, feel free to register for my memory improvement course: In just four video lessons and three worksheets, you’ll have mastered the core technique needed to content with any complex conceptual information. You’ll be joining the ranks of all the philosophers I mentioned above, not to mention becoming a top performer of the mind. So what do you say? Now that you have the power, get out there and memorize the heaviest concepts you can find!

    Full show notes at the publisher

    7 Best Vitamins For Memory Improvement & How To Take Them Sep 18, 2024
    Show notes

    Vitamins for Memory Improvement feature image of Anthony Metivier holding a pill bottleDo you really need to take vitamins for memory improvement?

    For many people around the world, the answer is tragic.

    Not only do they dump hundreds, if not thousands of dollars per year on the hope that pills in a pretty package will lead to a boost in memory is a common habit…

    Sometimes they take vitamins that cause harmful interactions.

    This happens especially to seniors who believe that it is essential to take nutritional supplements to combat against age related memory loss, brain fog.

    It certainly can be, but you need the best possible vitamins to combat everyday forgetfulness and deter the onset of Alzheimer’s or dementia.

    On this page, we’re going to look at a number of memory enhancing vitamins.

    In many cases, you’ll be able to get what you need from food. But as we age, we often need supplementation. The trick is making sure we get the absolute best supplements matched with what we actually need.

    As someone who has studied memory for a long time and who combats a number of health issues, I’ll also share the vitamin supplement pills that help me most with my own memory issues. As I age, they become more and more important for me to tackle correctly.

    Ready for all of my best research findings and the vitamins I focus on above all? Let’s dive in!

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb8g91419gE

    7 Best Vitamins For Memory Improvement

    As we go through this list of vitamins, keep in mind that vitamins are a group of organic compounds.

    They are different from fats, carbohydrates and proteins, substances that nourish our body and are essential for our growth and functioning. We usually get them through the food we eat.

    Vitamins are equally important to maintain brain health:

    “In particular, research over the past 5 years has provided exciting evidence for the influence of dietary factors on specific molecular systems and mechanisms that maintain mental function.”

    That’s from Dr. Fernando Gomez-Pinilla, a leading authority on nutrition and the brain at the University of California, Los Angeles in his research paper, Brain Foods: The Effects of Nutrients on Brain Function.

    Now that we have a working definition of what vitamins are, let’s look at the essentials you need to keep your memory operating at its best.Vitamin supplements in a person's hand, in capsule and tablet form.

    One: Vitamin B12

    B12 has been connected with cognitive impairment – something you definitely don’t want to suffer.

    As this study demonstrates, people with normal levels of B12 were able to remember things much better than those who did not.

    Shockingly, even having a small imbalance mean that people lacking proper B12 struggled to recall information correctly.

    This raises an important point:

    While we need vitamins only in small quantities, if any vitamin is absent from our diet, a deficiency disease may occur – a fact first noted by William Fletcher in 1905.

    But here’s the kicker:

    If you are already getting adequate B vitamins though your diet, getting extra through supplemental pills will not give you a memory boost.

    Luckily, there are other foods that improve memory, many of which contain Vitamin B12.

    Two: Vitamin D

    When I started noticing my memory slipping while teaching university courses in Germany, I immediately followed the research showing that Vitamin D helps improve memory function.

    Although it’s a memory supplement that comes in the form of a pill, I also make sure I get plenty of sunshine.

    Exposure to sun for Vitamin D is especially critical during winter, as this scientific study has made clear.

    Three: Vitamin E

    This vitamin isn’t so much about boosting your memory.

    Rather, studies like this one have shown that making sure you have enough Vitamin E is essential for reducing your chances of developing dementia later in life.

    Four: Vitamin C

    Want an immediate memory boost?

    This study shows that people who take it not only enjoy better memory quickly. They also enjoy improved visuospatial and language skills.

    Researchers speculate that these benefits might come from how Vitamin C improves your cerebrospinal fluid.A wall of supplement bottles

    Five: Vitamin B6

    Although Vitamin B6 is not directly tied to memory in this study, it has been shown to slow the degradation of the brain.

    Having enough of it can also help regulate anxiety, as discussed in this study.

    Make no mistake. Anxiety can affect your memory, so it’s important that your B6 is in order.

    Six: Vitamin K2

    Scientists previously thought that K2 was mostly about bone and cardiovascular health.

    Now, as this report discusses, researchers believe K2 is of holistic importance to all aspects of your health.

    The catch might be that K2 is often taken by humans through dairy. Personally, when I eat dairy, I experience brain fog.

    Frankly, it’s worth a little bit of unclear mental capacity a few times a week for the greater good of my brain health. But each person has to make these decisions on their own – ideally with guidance and insight from a doctor.

    Seven: Vitamin A

    The interesting thing about Vitamin A is that it helps learning and how you behave.

    As this study suggests, in order to learn properly, we need Vitamin A both during development and as adults to keep learning new things, especially skills.Vitamin supplements on a plate, being cut by a fork and knife.

    Can Multivitamins Boost Memory?

    The answer is yes, but there’s a caveat.

    As this study has found, many people experience placebo rather than genuine improvements.

    Marketers know this, which is why vitamins for memory improvement has become such a vast industry.

    In the United States alone, annual sales of all multivitamin and mineral containing supplements totalled $14.3 billion in 2014.

    Since the 1940s, Americans have been taking multivitamin and mineral supplements.

    But get this:

    To date, there has been no concrete study to substantiate that popping vitamin supplements has improved people’s health or their memory more than what can be achieved by a healthy diet and exercise.

    Interestingly, although more than one-third of all Americans take these supplements, they have no standard scientific, regulatory, or marketplace definitions.

    Why does this matter?

    Manufacturers decide the types and levels of vitamins, minerals, and other ingredients in their supplements based on factors that are not always guided by science or in your best interest.

    How To Protect Yourself From False Claims

    In a phrase:

    Do your own research.

    Fact-checking what people and companies claim about their “memory vitamins” is so important because many vitamin supplements, fish oil and herbs like ginkgo biloba are touted to improve memory, there is hardly any evidence to back up the claims.

    A 2013 study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found no evidence that drugs, herbal products or vitamin supplements (including vitamin B6 and omega-3 fatty acids – products thought to help brain function) helps prevent memory loss in healthy people.

    In fact, the study revealed that certain treatments actually seemed to contribute to cognitive problems.

    That’s completely the opposite of the goal!

    Worse:

    Healthy women who were given estrogen hormone treatment to improve memory actually suffered from higher memory loss over time, compared to subjects who were given placebos instead of actual memory enhancers.

    Not only that, but get this:

    Between 2008 and 2011, the FDA received 6,307 reports of health problems from dietary supplements, says a 2013 report from the Government Accountability Office (GAO).

    That’s a lot of problems!

    And the fact that people are trying to learn from their smartphones about health in our age of digital amnesia only makes matters worse.

    Alternative Ways To Improve Brain Function and Memory

    When it comes to brain vitamins for studying or memory enhancing drugs, nothing works better than a balanced diet, lots of hydration, an active lifestyle and at least 7 hours of sleep every night.

    Easy isn’t it?

    Well, hang on there, because it gets even better…

    Foods like walnuts, green tea, blueberries, salmon are all super foods when it comes to protecting you from brain fog and memory loss.

    The best part?

    The Most Memory-Friendly Diet Known To Humanity

    An easy-to-follow Mediterranean-style diet can have lasting benefits for brain health, confirmed a 2017 study. It showed that participants who closely followed a Mediterranean-like diet were less likely to lose brain volume as they aged, compared with those who didn’t follow such a diet.

    Another study published in the journal Neurology suggests that a Mediterranean diet – rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, potatoes, nuts, olive oil and fish – may help make your brain about five years younger.

    Processed foods, fried and fast foods, snack foods, red meat, poultry and whole-fat dairy foods are usually eaten less under this diet plan.

    Drinking water also helps to improve memory and focused attention. A new study revealed that if you are even slightly dehydrated, it can impair your attention and memory.

    The other way to improve memory is to simply train and exercise your brain.

    If you’d like more help with that, grab my free course here:

    Free Memory Improvement Course

    It gives you four video tutorials and worksheets that walk you through how to exercise your brain.

    You still need to make sure you have all the right memory vitamins in your system.

    But one that is covered, techniques like the Memory Palace that you’ll learn in this course will help you remember information quickly.

    So what do you say?

    Are you ready to vitalize your memory all around?

    Power to you, one memory-friendly vitamin at a time!


    Story Method: How To Master This Unique Mnemonic Strategy Fast Sep 15, 2024
    Show notes

    The story method is a cool mnemonic technique that helps you rapidly remember just about anything. And here’s the very good news: Because I know a lot about this specific approach to mnemonic linking, the specifics of the story method for learning faster are detailed for you on this page. I’ve used it successfully for target learning projects like getting my PhD and learning languages. And you can too. But please don’t get worried by the use of the word “story” for this method. It’s not really about creativity or spending hours coming up with a detailed narrative. By the same token, if you’d like to become more creative and connect in a deeper way with your imagination, this method is the ticket. You just need to understand what the technique is and how to get it working effectively. That way, you’ll be able to use it efficiently. Ready to dive in? Let’s go! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhN0rigUHTQ What Is The Story Method? For many people, a story is easier to remember than a list of facts. According to one researcher, our brain is literally wired to pay attention to stories, specifically through oxytocin. In his co-authored study, Paul Zak found that people who say public service ads featuring stories, were more likely to respond to the messages in the desired way. In order for the participants to respond, they have to remember what the messages were about. When using memory techniques, people have seized upon using stories to either improve memory or have ideas remembered for a very long time. For example, we know a lot of about memory techniques because stories about Simonides of Ceos that teach the technique are themselves highly memorable. In the most famous story about his legendary memory skills, we learn about how Simonides memorized names at a banquet hall. However, shortly after the dinner ended, an earthquake destroyed the building, ending the lives of everyone inside. Simonides, had already left, however. When the authorities asked him to help identify the dead, he used the method of loci to name where each person was sitting. The drama of the story makes it memorable, and helps you learn the core processes involved in the Memory Palace technique. Benefits Of Using The Story Method The story method is good for specific learning outcomes, typically lists of names, items, certain kinds of events and simple concepts. At a more granular level, you can add story elements to other linking methods, such as a PAO System or the pegword method. Usually, I think of adding narrative elements as a kind of mnemonic vignette rather than a full story. Beyond that, I find the story method quite limited compared to other memory techniques. But if you need to memorize lists, it’s a solid option because stories can help you forge strong connections quickly. You just need to understand how and why stories work so well as mnemonic devices, which is why we paused on the points above. Now let’s look at how to implement the technique. How To Use The Story Method Let’s have a look at how to use this method, followed by some examples and alternative approaches. There’s no right or wrong, as such. Each person needs to experiment with the options and work out what I call a “mnemonic style.” The more tools you have in your toolbox, the better. Step One: Gather Your List & Optimize The Order This step sounds kind of obvious, but it’s worth looking at some nuances. For example, if you’ve got the main points gathered from a textbook, is it better to memorize them in the order you found them? Or should you order them in a hierarchy of importance? I suggest taking a moment to reflect on your options. The only time I don’t take time to organize information is when I’m memorizing names at an event. Or, in the case of memorizing a poem or speech, the information is already organized. Anthony Metivier memorizing and recalling names at a memory demonstration in Brisbane Step Two: Add Story Elements Let’s use the example of memorizing names at an event. A few years ago, I memorized 32 names at a presentation I gave in Brisbane. The first two names were Haley and Allan. My basic mnemonic images were Halley’s comet and an allen key. The story I added involved Halley’s comet crashing into a giant allen key. To make the story even stranger, and therefore more memorable, I had Allen Funt hold the allen key. The next person was named Sharon, so I had Allen use his allen key to adjust Sharon’s next. The story built from there and I was able to recall each and every name with 100% accuracy 15 minutes later during my demonstration. Now, I mentioned that little or no creativity is involved, but that using the technique can make you more creative. Notice in my example that I didn’t invent Halley’s comet or allen keys. I just drew a relationship between the sounds of the names as they were mentioned to me and made a story out of these elements. But even the idea that I “made” a story is a bit much. Rather, it’s better to say that I used natural possibilities to quickly forge a connection. Comets falls from the sky, for example. Although we don’t use allen keys to adjust the human neck, it is within the realm of possibility for those ideas to draw a connection. It can take a bit of practice to get used to letting story elements connect to the target information, but you’ll be able to do it. I even did it live for Guru Viking by memorizing Shakespeare on the spot on his podcast if you’d like to see a realtime example of using the story method. Step Three: Involve A Memory Palace The problem with the story method is that it takes work to come up with long and logical narratives for any kind of list with a substantial amount of information in it. That’s why using a Memory Palace and the mnemonic vignette approach is so powerful. It essentially involves lots of mini-stories laid out along a journey. Here’s the Memory Palace I used for my TEDx Talk. It’s based on a neighborhood I used to live in called Kelvin Grove: Each station or locus in this Memory Palace is numbered. The opening line of the speech is: How would you like to completely silence your mind? The story I used involved Howie Mandel using wood to hit the “thumbs up” button on a YouTube video. Here’s the breakdown of how the parts of this story helped me memorize the line: Howie = how wood = would Youtube button = you like button = like Little words like “to” did not take an image. But if I needed one, I would probably involved someone like Desmond Tutu in the story. For the “completely silence your mind” part of the sentence, I didn’t involve a story. That’s because this was the theme of the whole talk and not in need of memorization. For the rest of the talk, I carried on through the Memory Palace. Each station took as many mini-stories as was needed for me to memorize the entire speech. As an additional memory aid, I scripted the talk itself to contain a story. This leads us to an alternative story method options that you may want to consider using: Using a story itself as source for a Memory Palace. Powerful Story Method Variation:Use A Story As A Memory Palace To use this version of the story method, pick a movie or novel and make an inventory of locations you can remember. Ideally, you will not base the Memory Palace on every little last detail. Instead, I suggest you work with just a few story locations that come naturally to mind. Of you can seek out one of my Memory Detective stories, like Vitamin X, to make use of some of the mnemonic techniques embedded within them. For example, in The Matrix, I readily remember these locations: The hotel Neo’s apartment The dance club The interrogation room The desert of the real The bridge of Morpheus’ ship Neo’s chamber The Oracle’s waiting room The Oracle’s kitchen The subway The hallway with the final showdown between Neo and Agent Smith While I was writing the list, I remembered even more, such as the street with the woman in the red dress, the dojo, and more. Just going through one movie makes for incredible memory exercise! To use this version of the story method, mentally arrange these locations to suit your learning project. Using the chronological order as you experience them while watching the movie makes the most sense, but you could also arrange them alphabetically or in whatever way feels right for you. Next, start to “link” your information inside the story. Now, unlike your home, this kind of Memory Palace comes “pre-loaded” with all kinds of imagery to work with. For example, let’s say you want to memorize a phrase like meliora sequimur. This is the Latin motto for Brisbane, which means, “We aim for better things.” You can take the mess hall on Morpheus’ ship and have Mouse complain about the “meal’s aura” “meliora” and have a giant second-hand from a clock ticking over his head. From there, you have many choices, such as using locations from The Hobbit or The Lord of the Rings. Should You Use The Story Method? As you can probably already tell, I don’t find that story memory technique is the greatest method for speed, efficiency, or even effectiveness. But it is an interesting alternative to the Memory Palace for language learning and one well worth exploring. It can definitely help you remember all sorts of things. That said, there’s something you need to be aware of as you start experimenting with using stories as part of your mnemonic strategy for learning. I haven’t talked to every memory expert under the sun, but so far I don’t know anyone who uses the story method extensively. Here’s the only exception that comes to mind: Years ago, the memory athlete Idriz Zogaj mentioned something like a virtual story method when speaking about a memory competitor he knows. Unfortunately, Zogaj’s explanation is second hand and therefore a bit vague. But if you listen to this episode of my podcast with Zogaj, you can just for yourself. You might also like to consider a close parallel to the story method: the use of video games. This approach involves using virtual Memory Palaces. I’ve used Donkey Kong and have heard of people basing their Memory Palaces on games like The Legend of Zelda, Skyrim, and all kinds of fantasy locations to help them learn faster and remember more. At the end of the day, those are all great Memory Palace exercises. But it’s up to you to learn and practice the techniques so you’re aware of which exact approaches work best for you. I hope exploring the story method and some of the variations I’ve discovered has helped you out with that process. Need more help? Grab my FREE Memory Improvement Course here: It will help you master these concepts further so you can get out there and remember just about anything. Enjoy and please let me know how you find using this technique for your learning goals!

    Full show notes at the publisher

    The Knowledge Gene: Lynne Kelly’s Discovery Could Save Us All Sep 05, 2024
    Show notes

    Lynne Kelly author of The Knowledge GeneThe Knowledge Gene is one of those excellent books that doesn’t come around nearly often enough.

    Except Lynne Kelly has a habit of only writing incredible books.

    Of course, I’m partial because I share Kelly’s love of memory.

    But I don’t have anything like the scientific background and depth of research she brings.

    Not to mention the wisdom that allows her to glean insights from so many cultures across space and time.

    That’s why I couldn’t wait to talk with Lynne about The Knowledge Gene: The Incredible Story of the Supergene that Gives Us Human Creativity.

    More than your standard interview, our discussion covers the book in-depth and topics we mnemonists love:

    • Memory Palaces
    • Mnemonic images
    • Learning faster and retaining information for longer

    We also discuss a few of the social and political implications of how and why our species may have gone wrong when it comes to matters of education at all levels.

    Click the play button above or watch the discussion using the video below:

    https://youtu.be/rp17com8mAA

    As you watch or listen, consider the implications…

    What if we could prove that education needs to change due to the way our genes work?

    Wouldn’t you like to see more people succeed as learners in a vibrant and holistic education system that serves us all. Not just those who can sit still behind a desk?

    The Knowledge Gene: A Brief Review

    How’s this for a compelling quote?

    ADHD can grant broad thinking and endless performance.

    I highlight this brief statement because so many people email me and talk about their experiences with ADHD, dyslexia or other issues.

    And there’s no doubt about it. They can effect focus, concentration and of course memory and intelligence.

    But what if education were to change, and operate more like the societies who used ancient memory techniques?

    This is one of Lynne’s premises in The Knowledge Gene, something hinted at in one of her previous books, The Memory Code.

    As Lynne demonstrates amply, our ancestors learned and retained far more than we do. They knew the location of critical medicines and could tell hundreds, if not thousands of stories.

    Not only that, they used performance to help them encode memories, kind of like how Anastasia Woolmer once demonstrated the mnemonic use of choreography in a TEDx Talk.

    The Genetic Difference

    The Knowledge Gene takes all of Lynne’s work to the next level by explaining how music, art, story and a variety of performance activities help us store information.

    The scientific findings Lynne shares were produced in collaboration with a variety of researchers from fields like archeology, psychology, music, art and of course, genetics.

    She also shares discussions from her fieldwork with a diversity of neurodiverse kids, adults and fascinating colleagues like Tyson Yunkaporta.

    Lynne expertly weaves the central thesis that some of the learning disabilities associated with NF1 help explain how humans learn. The science is, true to the theme of the book, wonderfully told in the form of a story.

    That means you’ll get an understanding of how and why scientists operate in particular ways in order to arrive at statements that are highly likely to be true.

    You’ll have a hard time putting The Knowledge Gene down as Lynne introduces you to a variety of cultures, individuals and memory techniques.

    True, some of the words might be challenging. But when you use the mnemonic methods discussed throughout the book, you’ll love how quickly they become second nature.

    Of course, you”ll want to make sure you follow up with Lynne’s excellent work Memory Craft for more.The Knowledge Gene book cover

    A Return To Knowledge Awaits… If We Dare

    Although this book is grounded in data, Lynne strikes a careful balance between urgency and optimism in The Knowledge Gene.

    That’s important because facts without emotional resonance are hard to take in.

    Lynne is cautionary, but never alarmist about what will happen if we don’t incorporate more of what we know about learning from our ancestors into modern life.

    She’s even occasionally humorous, sharing bits about her life as a mnemonist engaged in a noble battle against forgetting.

    Overall, you’ll love Lynne’s objective and clear stance. It’s inclusive, empowering and you will not left wondering what to do.

    The genetics facts alone should make it clear that out time and our opportunity is not just now, but right freakin’ now.

    Read this book and then get busy living the knowledge gene within you.


    Can You Really Get Better At Anything? Scott Young Says Yes! Aug 26, 2024
    Show notes

    Anthony Metivier with a copy of Get Better At Anything by Scott YoungGet Better At Anything originally made me skeptical when I first saw the title.

    I mean, I’m usually not one to judge a book by its cover, but…

    “Anything”?

    That right there is what you call a big promise.

    So, of course, I had to invite Scott Young onto the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast to asking him what counts as “anything.”

    And I wanted him to define “better.”

    As usual, Scott did not disappoint.

    From accelerated learning techniques to rapid skill acquisition, the science demonstrating what really works is all there.

    Click play on the the audio or video players to join in on the conversation.

    And keep reading for a written review of this epic new book.

    Whether you’re a lifelong learner, productivity enthusiast or simply curious about how you can explore more of your potential, Get Better At Anything is the book for you.

    https://youtu.be/QBSGLoiwqmU

    Get Better At Anything: A Review

    One of the highest virtues of Get Better At Anything is how it gently, but thoroughly tackles many of our assumptions about how we learn.

    Even if there are some issues with how scientific studies play out (which I’ll address further on), questioning common myths about learning is a valuable activity.

    For one thing, questioning stimulates new ways to think about your own past as a learner. That way, your future learning efforts are more likely to succeed, especially as you take on new challenges.

    Failure Isn’t Always A Good Teacher

    One big takeaway I can foresee for many people involves the supposed value of falling flat on your face.

    For example, Scott addresses the common wisdom that we need to fail to learn. As we speak, there are productivity gurus loading up their X accounts with tweets about how you have to “take action” so you can “fail faster.”

    It’s not that they’re entirely wrong. We all need feedback and errors can be corrective.

    But as Scott takes pains to show, it’s not the case that you absolutely have to fail in order to enjoy positive learning outcomes.

    I’ve experienced this effect directly as a card magician, especially when learning memdeck routines. There are many magicians who preach that it’s better to learn from books. It’s not that they are wrong, but I’ve learned faster and mastered knacky moves very quickly when I could see them performed on video.

    The real problem with no having examples in certain contexts is that people often give up on learning certain skills. I’ve certainly done that with more than a few magic instruction books. It’s a problem stimulated by the fact that a lot of talented magicians simply aren’t skilled writers.

    Scott is great about showing how various “problem spaces” can be solved by finding ways to avoid failure. You’ll enjoy how this part of the book gets you thinking about ways to succeed faster and more often as you learn new skills.library with dim light

    Variety (And Theory) Is The Spice Of Learning

    Although I think I talk about it in a different way than Scott presents the idea of getting plenty of variation into your deliberate practice and study sessions, I talk about how I use interleaving all the time.

    Scott goes far deeper into the idea of shuffling between the various actions and aspects of learning.

    A potential point of frustration with the suggestions in this section is that it’s not always clear when and where variability matters. For example, it seems unlikely that switching between chemistry books and fiction will make any of us better readers of either category.

    That said, the research Scott presents seems to confirm something I’ve thought all along: understanding the theory behind many skills and topic really helps when it guides the actions we take during learning.

    Michael Shermer says something similar in his introduction to Skeptic: Viewing the World with a Rational Eye. Shermer says we need an “interplay of data and theory” to guide our thinking. Scott extends this imperative seeking a balance of theory and practice from as many sources as possible:

    “Talking to people in the field, and finding out what tools they’re using and theories they’re working with, gives a roadmap for acquiring more tools to work with.”

    In our age of digital amnesia, extending beyond books and the Internet strikes me as sage advice indeed.

    Expertise Guarantees Nothing

    As a former story consultant, I was very interested on the material about a problem I sometimes think of as “coaching effect.”

    You’ve probably seen coaches at the side of the basketball court who look like they couldn’t sink a ball to save their life. Well, back when I was working in the film industry, but like an out of shape coach, I probably couldn’t have sold a screenplay.

    Yet, because I was able to memorize a few varieties of story structure, I was able to see “models” in the stories written by others and help them decide how to improve them.

    Scott goes deeper into how to find models and use them to guide your learning. You’ll also gain a better understanding of how top performers in realms like chess and poker operate.

    Scott Young author of Ultralearning profile pic for Magnetic Memory Method Podcast

    Various contradictions seem to arise as well, such as the role of experience.

    As we discussed in the interview, we’re both YouTubers and both my channel Scott’s technically have tons of views and we aren’t lacking in basic presentation skills. Yet, when platforms keep changing their rules, all the experience in the world does little to guarantee “growth.”

    That’s why his point that improvement is never a straight line is especially valuable, especially when he talks about old knowledge potentially hindering new ideas. From a memory perspective, I wonder how various memory biases might play a role in that. Either way, the final part of Scott’s new book has solutions for how to keep improving despite the problems developing expertise can create.

    No Complaints

    As with Scott’s previous book, Ultralearning, I have no gripes.

    I will say that I like Get Better At Anything a touch better, however. One reason is that I think the stories supplement the takeaway points in ways that, well… work better for me as a reader.

    One concern I didn’t quite raise as well as I might have in our interview relates to the reproducibility of various studies and other issues I often see in memory science.

    It is this:

    If so many studies show that various learning strategies work so well, why do so few students seem to pick them up?

    Unfortunately, I neglected to ask Scott about what is sometimes called Hawthorne Effects – a variety of situations in which participants may modify their behaviors because they are know they are being studied.

    Scott seems to have a preemptive strike on this issue for those who do put the accelerated learning techniques he shares into action, however:

    • Score your attempts
    • Write progress reports
    • Share with others in a “brain trust” to identify and improve your blind spots

    In the world of memory competitions, many mental athletes suggest a very similar cluster of activities. Johannes Mallow, for example, has shared his approach to journaling while preparing to compete. Other memory athletes like John Graham, Alex Mullen and Nelson Dellis have noted how much they learn from others at competitions.

    In sum, Scott stresses that there’s a difference between the act of solving problems and learning how to solve problems.

    Just about anything you want to learn involves encountering one or more “problem spaces.” The more you know about how others have succeeded in tackling them and succeeding, the more you’ll improve your chances of success.

    Can it really be that simple?

    Well, here is where you’ll have to read the book yourself to find out how you should value “better.”

    I think Scott’s closing chapter on mastery will put you in good stead when it comes to improving both your goals and how you set out to achieve them.

    Highly recommended, and Get Better At Anything is widely available for whenever you’re ready to start enjoying improvements across the board.


    7 Memory Champs Reveal Their Best Language Learning Secrets Aug 23, 2024
    Show notes

    Imagine mastering a new language using the same memory techniques the help memory champions remember thousands of random digits or multiple decks of cards. Although you’d be forgiven if you can’t see the connection, I’ve interviewed many memory athletes over the years. Not all of them also learn languages. But many do. And for the first time ever, I’ve gathered the best tips from seven highly successful memory athletes who have also studied at least one other language. Each of the memory champs you’ll discover on this page know exactly how you can make even the most abstract word or challenging grammar principle stick like glue. So read on to discover how these memory mavens can help you revolutionize how you approach language learning. In some cases, their approaches might seem to challenge conventional wisdom. But as a PhD and professor who has followed their tips myself to pass more than a few language exams around the world, I know the value of how using memory techniques can dramatically slash time spent learning. Ready for these potent strategies for your journey into fluency? Let’s dive in! The Common Memory Technique ForLanguage Learning That Binds Them All One quick point before I introduce you to our first memory athlete. Each and every one of the champions I’ve spoken to over the years uses the Memory Palace technique in one form or another. There’s good reason for that, but in case you’re not familiar with this ancient mnemonic method, it works like this: Choose a familiar location (like your home, school or workplace) Create a mental map by imagining a specific journey through the location with special places you’ll use to… Mentally link words and phrases you want to learn with mnemonic images at each stop Mentally walk back through each location to retrieve the images using a process called spaced repetition Practice elaborating and strengthening the associations while reading, writing, speaking and listening to the target language That’s the basics of the technique each memory athlete will mention in one form or another. For more on using this technique for developing fluency, you can check out this post on the Memory Palace for language learning. Now let me introduce you to someone who is not only an accomplished memory athlete, but also a highly respected scholar. She’s even a recipient of the Order of Australia! One: “Have Hooks For Everything” Lynne Kelly is an Australian author, science educator and memory athlete. Her books The Memory Code and Memory Craft are legendary amongst people who use mnemonic strategies. In Memory Craft, Kelly advises language learners to prepare their memory systems in advance, particularly the associations they will use. She gives a number of examples for “hooks” she’s used while learning Chinese, for example. Because Mandarin characters involve so many radicals and other components, you can learn them a lot faster by having a “bestiary.” That’s a medieval and renaissance era word for what some of us now call pegwords. Basically, to use this type of memory system, you assign an image to each letter of the alphabet. That way, when you need to memorize a new word, you always have some kind of starting point for placing associations in your Memory Palaces. For example, if you have to memorize the words “to be,” you just draw from your bestiary of images, such as a toad and a bumble bee. Kelly prefers animals for these images. But you can use anything that makes sense to you, such as celebrities, friends, teachers and so on. The key is to forge the links alphabetically. Two: “Study In Focus Bursts” I was surprised when I told Dave Farrow I was studying Chinese. He immediately spoke to me in Mandarin – like it was nothing! Farrow holds two Guinness World Records for memorizing multiple decks of cards. He’s also an author, entrepreneur and inventor with a keen interest in robotics. As you can see from the picture I took with him below, he also has a sense of humor about his last name sounding like “pharaoh”. The trick for Dave is that he never spends too much time focused on learning any one thing. As he told me when it comes to language learning: Get all of the vocabulary on your phone and do five minute chunks here and there. Do it really intensely for a short time, have a timer on you, and that’s what can get you to that level. Although you might be skeptical that this technique will work, scientists have studied processes they call interleaving and chunking. Dave is basically doing a personalized version of these techniques with some Memory Palaces and other mnemonics woven in. Three: “Crazy Combinations On Cards” Brad Zupp has done all kinds of things on the memory competition circuit. He’s memorized an entire deck of cards in 90 seconds, 1,050 digits in 30 minutes and set a record at the 23rd annual World Memory Championship. In that case, he listened to a 150-digit number, which is basically the equivalent of 15 phone numbers. To be clear, he only heard the numbers and never saw them written down. Yet, using memory techniques, he recalled them all with 100% accuracy. When it comes to language learning, Zupp told me that he started learning Japanese on a word-by-word basis by first picturing each word in English. Building on that foundation, he created what he calls “funny little pictures” for each syllable of the Japanese vocabulary. This is basically another version of the chunking advised by Dave Farrow. The difference is that Zupp also used flashcards as part of the process. As he told me: I just got a bunch of them and I started filling one of these up a day. In between writing out the Japanese word and the English word, picturing the crazy combination, and then reviewing them and testing myself at the end of the day, I was learning 50 to 100 vocabulary words a day. People were spellbound – the Japanese people I was working for, and the English-speaking people I was working with. At the end of the first week when I had 400 or 500 vocabulary words, they are going “How are you learning to speak Japanese? How are you doing that?” They were saying “You’re a genius.” Brad’s a bit too modest for such high praise, however. He responded to the compliments like this: “No, I’m not a genius, trust me.” I said, “Here, let me let me show you. See, with this word I pictured this, and then I pictured this.” They were like “Oh, that’s pretty easy.” I would then teach them five words this way and they’d learn them. In other words, Zupp didn’t leave the job of language learning to memory techniques alone. He got writing into the process by creating his own flashcards and placing crazy images on them. Language learning expert Gabriel Wyner also teaches this strategy in his book Fluent Forever and it’s a good one. Four: “You’re Not A Tape Recorder” It’s tempting to think that human memory is like a video camera. But both memory science and memory athletes assure us that our memory is nothing like that. Nelson Dellis has won the USA Memory Championship five times and is an avid language learner. He’s also summited Mount Everest and written several books, like Remember It and Memory Superpowers! In addition to tips very similar to what we’ve already discussed, I want to raise two of his best points related to language learning and motivation. First, Nelson is often challenged when out in public. But he says it’s important not to think that you’re a “tape recorder” just because you use memory techniques. In other words, you have to be realistic about the role of memory techniques in your language learning journey. They’re a tool, not a magic bullet. Second, many people get frustrated, confused and lose motivation. As Nelson told me, however, it’s best to treat it just like summiting Everest. “You know the summit is there. So there’s literally only one thing you have to focus on: where you’re going to put your hand next.” This is great advice because many people get hung up on how long it takes to learn a language or how many words they need to know in order to be fluent. Although those considerations are interesting, the answers can deflate your interest and make progress seem glacial slow, if not impossible. But in the time you spend seeking the answers, you can have memorized new vocabulary and moved toward the goal. Memory athlete Alex Mullen Five: “Use Interaction” Alex Mullen has won the World Memory Championship three times, amongst many other competitions. He’s also an accomplished medical professional and Mandarin speaker. As he points out: Personally, I used mnemonics to learn Spanish and also to learn Chinese. Every language obviously presents with its own unique set of challenges. Chinese is obviously much different than Spanish. I do a couple of different tweaks and nuances to learn the Chinese things. It’s still all pretty much the general idea of [memory] palace images. The key point that Alex stresses in how he has his associations interact within his Memory Palaces. Using the term “loci” for the spot inside of a Memory Palace, Alex suggests that you focus on having your associations interact as vigorously as possible. This is good advice because a lot of people are not energetic enough when first applying mnemonics to language learning. It can be tricky to learn and some people are cautious about having so many wild things going on in their minds. But back to Nelson Dellis, he told us when he hosted my podcast that people not take these matters too seriously. Most of us will forget our associations anyway, leaving only the foreign language words and phrases we want to be able to recall. Six: “Fear Is Inescapable” I’ve talked a lot about memory athletes so far. But what about the man who created memory competitions in the first place? Tony Buzan loved using memory techniques so much with his friends that he took the concept international in the form of competitions, basically using chess showdowns as a model. He told me that many people understand and want to use memory techniques but stop them because they’re worried about all the mistakes they might make. But he suggests reversing the problem like this: What’s worse, living in fear of what could go wrong, or knowing your potential, and not reaching it? Not, “What if this goes incredibly wrong?” but, instead, “What if this goes right and I never find out?” As he points out, “fear is inescapable,” so why not feel the fear and use memory techniques to help yourself learn languages anyway? Seven: “Make It Fun” Katie Kermode holds a world record for memorizing the most names and faces in 15 minutes. She also helped create a web-based software many memory athletes use to train for competitions. Although I didn’t speak with Katie about language learning in the sense of speaking a language, she’s a programmer and using the Memory Palace technique for coding is definitely an option. Her advice is to make using the techniques fun, no matter what goal you’re applying to. As she notes: It’s a creative endeavor, it’s fun. It’s not something like where my parents went to school they had to memorize lists of things, countries and capitals, and they didn’t really do it in a fun way. It was just your rote learning. For some people – some people enjoy that, and that’s fine, but a lot of people find that so tedious that they just put off the idea of memorizing completely. Unfortunately, a lot of people wind up observing their parents and adopting their attitudes due to how implicit memory works. Thanks to people like Katie and everyone featured today, fun is clearly becoming more and more an obvious option for learners around the world. Whether you’re learning a new language like Spanish or a programming language like Python, you now know that there are memory athletes out there who apply their incredible strategies to help them achieve their own learning goals. If you’re intrigued and would like to learn their strategies yourself, grab my free course here: It gives you four videos and worksheets that take you through all of the techniques mentioned by the memory athletes above. And in case you’re wondering if any of my own students in the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass have won a memory competition and succeeded with language learning, the answer is absolutely yes. James Gerwing completed my course and started getting 90% and higher in his Latin exams… while spending his last years as a school administrator before retiring. Then, after he retired, he became the 2019 Canadian Memory Champion! Even better, he shares how my training helped in this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. The key to understand is that all of us who succeed with these techniques are basically following the same key principles. And now that you know what they are, what do you say? Are you ready to get out there and make advances in your language learning journey? Make it happen!

    Full show notes at the publisher

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