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    Education

    Anthony Metivier’s Magnetic Memory Method Podcast

    Learn, Memorize And Recall Anything Using Memory Techniques, Mnemonics And A Memory Palace Fast

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    Latest Episodes:
    Slow Reader? I Am. It Helps My Career (And Will Help Yours Too) Aug 05, 2026
    Show notes

    By Dr. Anthony Metivier, PhD | Updated August 6, 2026 I once signed up for a speed reading course during my years at York University because I thought being a slow reader was bad. I mean, I’ve always read a ton, but I wanted what everyone wants. More books down the hatch in less time. Well, let me save you from wasting time and money on speed reading courses. And show you why slow reading is actually a good thing. For one thing, what that speed reading course actually delivered was a set of bizarre eye exercises and instructions to stop subvocalizing. Worse, the instructor suggested I cease hearing the words in my head. When I asked why, the teacher gave me a clearly pseudoscientific answer, and I could spot his word salad because I had also recently taken an anthropology course about the role of scammers in society. What I quickly learned however is a very simple and empowering fact. Being A Slow Reader Is Not A Defect And for many people, taking your time while reading isn’t a problem that needs fixing. In fact, readers who get the most out of books tend to read slowly on purpose. It’s just that they pair their pace with various methods, such as priming books and taking notes using Zettelkasten. And because experts tend to focus their reading efforts within categories, often they create the illusion that they read more than they actually do. That’s an effect created by staying in your lane, as Nir Eyal put it a few years ago on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHNkne6Cnvo Why You’re a Slow Reader (And Why That’s Not Always a Problem) There are many reasons why some people fail to read at a rapid clip. But not all of them are problems. Some of the things we’ll discuss are entirely circumstantial. In other words, they have nothing to do with you. When you understand these points as I explain them below, your potential for making positive changes goes way up. That’s because, believe it or not, some books are so badly written that they can literally ruin your ability to read. I’m not joking either. There’s a condition called cognitive deskilling, and by exposing yourself to hard to read books and then blaming yourself for not understanding them, negative thoughts about yourself can arise. When that happens, as discussed by Andy Clark in The Experience Machine, you start predicting that the next book you read will also be a poor experience. This “predictive processing,” as scientists call it, winds up making future books harder to read. Let’s stop that from happening to you by going through these reasons. All you have to do after that is put my suggestions into action and perhaps go through my list of books on learning for more suggestions like The Experience Machine. What About ADHD and Slow Reading? A lot of people who have completed my Read with Momentum program have asked me: Does ADHD make you a slow reader? Or is reading slowly a sign of a learning disability? Ultimately, you have to get the answers to such questions from a qualified professional. But I can tell you that my friend Jonathan Levi, creator of Superlearner, substantially improved his reading speed using techniques I don’t use myself. I worked with Jonathan on several projects and saw both his ADHD tendencies and his reading skills myself. In my view, how quickly he could read is not all that relevant. He was a careful memorizer of information. And more importantly, a skilled thinker about the information he consumed. One interesting point: Jonathan used some of the speed reading techniques I fully and completely criticize. But he’ll be the first to tell you that he found using them very tiring. He pulled them out selectively. And never at the expense of not reflecting deeply on what he was learning. Think of it like this: It doesn’t really matter how fast you’re going if you’re travelling in the wrong direction. So for most of us, the following set of suggestions is bound to be the better bet. One: Your Vocabulary Needs Boosting A lot of people read at a decent pace, but they have to keep stopping to look words up. This is probably one of the biggest issues readers who want to improve their reading speed face. Why? Because vocabulary ability is directly related to reading comprehension. So how do you improve your vocabulary? Set a goal to memorize 260 words you don’t know or with which you have lost familiarity over the next 30 days. I’m confident this will speed up your reading. And to help you out, I created this tutorial on how to memorize vocabulary. Do This To Build Your Vocabulary While Reading Here’s one simple exercise I use to learn new vocabulary while reading without breaking my flow. I’ve been doing it a lot during my recent law memorization project at law school. Rather than stop reading whenever I come across a word I don’t know, I place a small dot in the margin. I call this the Margin Dot. I limit myself to a maximum of three new words per page. Then, after the chapter is complete, I look up the meanings of the words before committing them to memory. This simple strategy has also helped me a lot while reading in foreign languages. Even though it’s tempting to pause and look up words by the dozen, you simply get more reading and more vocabulary memorizing done when you focus on fewer words. As you repeat this simple process, you’ll find that you read with greater flow because now you understand more words. Two: Stop Reading In Distraction Zones A lot of people think they’re reading slowly, when in fact they’re pushing through the molasses of distraction. Maybe you’re in a cafe and the background music is too busy. Or you’re in a room where someone is watching TV. If that’s the case, you’re forcing your brain to filter out too much noise. Although it is true that the famous polymath John von Neumann loved studying with loud music and other distractions, creating such obstacles is not a very common polymathic personality trait. In addition to exposing yourself to noise, it could also be that you’re sitting incorrectly. What feels comfortable isn’t necessarily conducive to reading well. Consider where you read and experiment with different locations. When you find places that help you focus on your reading with greater intensity, rotate between them. In other words, read in one location for a certain amount of time. Then move to another location to read some more. A small amount of walking between your reading sessions will focus your brain and promote better health. I believe that moving between libraries helped my memory and understanding tremendously while studying at York University. I would constantly travel between libraries across Toronto, sometimes up to five in a single day. While walking or riding my bike between them, the ideas would percolate and I still remember many of them decades later. Three: It’s Not You. The Book Is Poorly Written A lot of slow readers blame themselves when it’s actually the book that deserves the criticism. Some of the best thinkers on the planet are downright horrible authors. In fact, there are some intelligent people who also can’t explain themselves in spoken words either. Specific problems can include: Archaic vocabulary Obtuse phrasing Obscure references Poor introduction skills Lack of reflective thinking about the topic matter that helps you connect the dots So the next time you find yourself reading slowly, look at the text. It really might not be you. In terms of handling poorly written books, I find it helpful to read them in smaller doses. Rather than plow through them, I use a process called interleaving, literally and intentionally rotating through 2-5 different books. This helps avoid topic exhaustion, and more winds up getting read over the long haul, and all without ever cramming. Four: You’re Bored Just as some books are written poorly, many publications are legitimately boring. Of course, that doesn’t mean you can always avoid reading them. Many people have to read tedious books in order to excel in their professions, myself included. That’s why I created this tutorial on how to deal with boring topics. Other ways to make what you read more engaging include elaborative encoding memory exercises. Basically, if you get bored, you can make things exciting for yourself by using the pegword method or the Major System. These are two highly immersive memory techniques that can make even the driest topics interesting and exciting. You can also spend some time reflecting on the reasons why you’re reading the book in the first place. Sometimes remembering your motivation can build excitement that carries you through. I can tell you that my own law school experience requires me to keep my reasons why at the top of my mind very frequently. But it’s worth the additional effort because so many of life’s riches are on the other side of discomfort. Five: Your Mind Wanders While You Read Ever get distracted by your thoughts? When I ask myself, “Why do I read slow?” distracting thoughts are usually the issue I face. Luckily, I found a way to eliminate the problem on demand. I shared the process in this TEDx Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvtYjdriSpM If you don’t have time to watch it, the two questions are: How do my thoughts behave? Are they useful? Fire off those two simple questions when you find your mind wandering, and you’ll enjoy deeper focus. The questions work because often our thoughts behave like undisciplined children. And when they do that, their value is obviously very low. Once reminded of this, getting back to reading is often much easier. Six: You’re Intimidated Some books are very long. They can also be incredibly complex. It’s normal to be a bit nervous. When I decided to learn about computational consciousness, I felt that way too for a short while. But when I decided to just get started, I found everything was easier than I thought. And I realized that in the case of one book in particular, I’d been afraid for nothing. You see, in Douglas Hofstadter’s Gödel, Escher, Bach, there’s a complicated section near the beginning where he gives you a puzzle to solve. When I initially read the book, I gave up because I couldn’t solve the puzzle. If I’d just kept on reading, I would have realized that he was playing a trick on the reader. It’s unsolvable and he puts it there to make a point. In reality, all books are puzzles and they all contain elements that are unsolvable. That’s why I’ve made it a policy to just keep reading, even when I’m confused and don’t understand. I keep reading so that I might understand. And I recommend you do the same too. For more nuance on this, here are some tips for reading the memory books of Giordano Bruno, who is even trickier to grasp than Hofstadter. Seven: It’s Your Job Did you know that some people are paid to read slowly? They’re called copy editors. The best will always work from a printout and then go through the process again on a screen. Of course, even the best still make mistakes. For example, I’ve counted up to seven typos in a single Stephen King book. If his editorial team can’t catch them all, then such errors are either perfectly human. Or those people need to find ways to read even more slowly in the future. In any case, if you need to copy edit and still want to speed up the process, try this: Most computers these days have text-to-audio features. Sometimes when I’m copy editing my books or this blog, I just highlight the text, press option + esc and let the machine read it back to me. Although the pronunciations are often awkward, it keeps me focused on my own writing and things go much faster. Eight: You Need More Brain Exercise If you’re not in a profession where you would benefit from reading slowly, some solid brain exercise might be just the ticket. A simple brain exercise that can help you read faster is to read every other word out loud. Although it might sound like a strange activity, it’s inspired by Harry Kahne’s Multiple Mentality course. After completing his exercises, which involve reciting the alphabet backwards and skipping letters, I found that my mind was sharper. You’ll give up some comprehension by completing this kind of exercise. But it will get you in the zone and you only need to do it for a few minutes to get the benefits. If you’d like more brain exercises, here’s a list of my all-time favorites. Speed Reading Vs Slow Reading A lot of marketers talk about speed reading vs slow reading and then give you “magic” techniques to try. For example, they’ll talk about: How to “suppress” subvocalization How to skim and scan Using a pointer Breaking the pages into three columns Reducing “back skipping” Counting while reading The problem is, very few people like my friend Jonathan aside, most marketers rarely focus on a visualization reading strategy that can truly help you. By following their advice, you risk the trap of rote learning because their suggested techniques distract you. Then you have to go back and read everything again. Even some of the best speed reading books lead you into this trap, so read them with caution. The truth about learning how to read faster is simple: You need to focus on thoroughness and seek to ground all reading projects inside of a well-formed context. That’s where the next tip comes in very handy. Commit Long Form Material To Memory We’ve already talked about the value of memorizing vocabulary to boost your reading speed. Being able to “read inside your mind” is the next level. Did you know that you can commit entire paragraphs to memory? The benefits are tremendous. For one thing, you can compare two passages at once from within your mind. This is a skill that transcends reading and will help you create new knowledge as you think faster. The only question remains… what to commit to memory first. I would suggest something that will make your life better as quickly as possible. For some people this would be quotes or ideas from philosophy. For other people, it might be scripture. You could even start with a mini-goal, like memorizing the Books of the Bible. Whatever goal you choose, you’ll want to have the Memory Palace technique under your belt. How To Read Slowly On Purpose Now that we’ve come this far, I hope you can see that there are many reasons why you don’t have to chase efficiency. Let’s focus now on effectiveness. I want to help you get good at drawing real value out of a book. Do that and efficiency will follow. Here’s a summary portrait of what reading looks like for me: Deliberate Patience I rarely abandon boring or challenging books. Instead, I make myself be more patient with the writing style. I accept that some authors are simply harder than others. Deciding in advance to be patient with difficult styles and challenging topics removes most of the frustration before it starts. Non-Linear Reading I mentioned interleaving above. I also read books out of order. Before going through a book from beginning to end, I usually browse the index first and then read the conclusion. This helps me understand where a book is going. Then, after some strategic skimming, I read the most interesting chapters next, or start from the beginning. Active Note-Taking I take notes in a robust way and using a variety of note-taking strategies, not just one. Although I’m strategic about the notes I take, I don’t overdo it. Think about it: Rarely does any of us know which points will matter. As a result, we wind up taking more than we need. To combat this habit, I set simple rules, such as ten index cards per chapter. After reading, I review and cull from my notes. I might extract thirty cards’ worth of notes from a book, and only memorize ten points. But this is perfectly fine because while I think about the cards, my mind naturally connects to information in the book I didn’t memorize. And the handwriting involved in the note-taking process itself helps establish a layer of memory. As this scientific study on The Neuroscience Behind Han…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    How to Build a Memory Palace: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide Jul 31, 2026
    Show notes

    A Memory Palace is a mental recreation of a physical location (like your home) that helps you recall information with extraordinary accuracy. It’s a technique used by learners, memory champions and was famously depicted in Sherlock. Also known as the method of loci, the Memory Palace technique allows you to rapidly memorize names, words, numbers, physics equations, and even images, both concrete and abstract. Some people even use the Memory Palace technique to help them remember step-based procedures, such as moves in chess. How does the technique work? You simply start by: Choosing your first familiar location Mapping out a logical path using walls, corners or fixed furniture as “anchors” Assigning vivid, exaggerated imagery and associations to the information you want to memorize Locking each piece of information into long-term memory by using the Memory Palace to review it This simple process creates a “magnetic” link between the places you know and the target information you want to recall because the vibrant associations leap out at you. To help you understand the technique quickly, I recorded this Memory Palace walkthrough and gave an example from my own memorization practice to provide a quick overview using an actual location: https://youtu.be/STlYIiF9RzI Now that you’ve taken a tour of a real Memory Palace used for multiple learning goals, let’s review why this technique is so powerful. Then we’ll dig into the nuts and bolts of how to build your first Memory Palace properly. Rest assured, the nuances matter to your success. Why Use the Memory Palace Technique? Personally, this technique saved me during my PhD. During the dark Canadian winter of 2003, I found myself suffering clinical depression, anxiety-induced memory loss and was so overwhelmed, I nearly dropped out of my graduate program. But thanks to learning use Memory Palaces properly after a brief period of confusion created by reading books written by memory competitors, I passed multiple language exams, both my field exams and my dissertation defense. I did so well that I not only graduated. I also won a Mercator Guest Professor aware and wound up getting to teach Film Studies in Germany. I’ve since taught the Memory Palace technique to thousands of people. From students memorizing scripture and speeches to professionals mastering vocabulary and entire books, it’s been a blessing to show others the way. Not only that, but as I told journalist Rebecca Barry when she interviewed me for the New Zealand Herald’s Viva Magazine, the Memory Palace is far more engaging (and more effective) than rote memorization. Sure, modern tools and “apps” can store information for you. But they can’t help you recall complex information when it counts. And using technology instead of your imagination can get quite boring. That’s where the Memory Palace excels. It’s endlessly entertaining in addition to being incredibly effective. So if you’ve ever blanked on an exam, forgotten a name, or wished your mind were sharper, you’re in the right place. Let’s look deeper at how to apply this special learning technique to any topic you want to master. https://youtu.be/c4J5ZUzCxZY How to Build A Memory Palace: Your Complete Guide To This Ancient Memory Technique As you’ve seen, the basic idea behind the Memory Palace is simple. You associate pieces of information with locations that you are very familiar with. Let’s look at the process in greater detail along with a number of illustrations, examples and case studies based on my personal use and those of my students. Many people base their first Memory Palace on their home. But you can also build Memory Palaces based on: Homes of relatives Workplaces Churches Schools Art galleries Cafes and restaurants Movie theatres It’s also possible to use parks, highways and other outdoor locations. This outdoor approach is sometimes called the journey method. Generally, I advise that beginners start with buildings. I make this suggestion because the walls, hallways and other features of buildings give your mind a kind of scaffolding to hang onto. This is especially important for people new to using visual memory techniques. You might not be used to imagining things, so giving yourself the solidity of an actual building you’re familiar with will reduce the cognitive load involved in using the technique. You can also approach the Memory Palace in a non-visual way, as shared in this tutorial. As you’ll discover by going through the steps, variety is the key. For example, some of my Memory Palaces are based solely on interior locations. Others are exterior. The Memory Palace I used for my TEDx Talk was built from both interior and exterior locations, all based on the fundamental steps you’re about to learn. Step One: Select and Imagine a Location You Want to Develop Into a Memory Palace Try this simple exercise: Close your eyes and picture a room in your home. Your bedroom or a living room like the one you see pictured below is a great place to start. To use the Memory Palace technique, you will place the associations on specific “stations” in your Memory Palace. For example, in the image above, the table to the right would be station one, the bookcase station two, etc. If you’re like most of us, you can probably picture your home with a decent amount of detail. You know where the furniture is found, what colors the walls are, and even where small objects are placed. Congratulations! You’ve just started the first step of developing your very own Memory Palace. You can start assigning a journey through your first Memory Palace. To give you a clearer idea of what such a mental journey looks like, here’s a picture of me in a Memory Palace I used to memorize some song lyrics. By following a linear path based on the location of the walls and furniture, it was easy to place associations that helped me recall the words of the song. A Memory Palace example based on my studio bedroom in Berlin circa 2013. Step Two: Make A Quick Sketch Of The Location When just starting out with the Memory Palace technique, I suggest that you draw out a simple journey through the first location you choose by hand. This simple step will help you quickly decide exactly how you will move through the Memory Palace in order to place associations. It will also reduce the cognitive load that you might experience if you’re new to using techniques like this. Planning like this also draws upon Abraham Lincoln’s well-known wisdom: Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe. This is exactly what I’m suggesting you do: spend a few minutes planning out your Memory Palace in detail by sketching it out and you will save time later when you use it to encode information int your long-term memory. Finally, drawing or sketching out your Memory Palaces will help you avoid “Memory Palace renovation” later. So that you know what I’m talking about, here’s an example based on one of my many personal Memory Palaces (here are several more Memory Palaces examples if you like): Quick Memory Palace Drawing by Anthony Metivier (based on an apartment used to help with studying) The kind of Memory Palace plan above takes most people only a minute or two to sketch out. Please note that what I’m advising really is just a sketch. We’re not talking about creating art. Just a quick doodle for the purposes of reducing cognitive load and saving time. The logic here is simple. The quick sketch optimizes the setup process because you won’t have to fix things later if you realize that you’ve accidentally led yourself into a dead end. Now, over the years, people have emailed and explained that for health reasons, they’re not able to draw Memory Palaces. If that’s the case for you, here’s a detailed tutorial with suggestions on how to build a well-formed Memory Palace if for any reason you can’t or don’t want to draw them out. Step Three: Keep The Journey Simple & Direct It’s easy to go overboard when designing a Memory Palace. To avoid issues, I suggest that you use only the parts of the location that are clear to you. That means, it’s perfectly okay to leave out entire sections of a location. I do this myself often. In other words, if you’re murky about how a basement looked in your family home from decades ago, leave that part of the building out of your Memory Palace. Less is more when using this technique. To make things even simpler, set up a linear journey that leads from the first station in your Memory Palace to the final station without crossing your own path. Just as you wouldn’t confuse yourself while walking through a real location by circling around mindlessly, you want to follow a logical path in your mental version of the location as well. Ideally, you’ll base the Memory Palace journey on actual paths you follow in your every day life. For example, my TEDx Memory Palace followed the exact walk I took almost daily for years in Kelvin Grove. This part of the process is essential because the Memory Palace works best when the journey is grounded on a path that is already in your memory, traveled exactly as you would navigate it in reality. Step Four: Number The Stations (Optional) When crafting my Memory Palaces during the setup phase, I like to number the stations for two reasons: It focuses my mind on keeping things simple and not overloading the Memory Palace Sometimes I use an additional 00-99 P.A.O System to assign an image to each Magnetic Station The final option is an intermediate/advanced memory skill. But there’s no reason you can’t prepare to be able to use it as a beginner starting now. Here’s another example of a numbered Memory Palace I prepared for one of my long-form Sanskrit memorization goals: This pre-numbered Memory Palace example shows you how I prepared to memorize the Atma Bodha in full. I know the text and the number of each verse in an ancient Sanskrit text thanks to my favorite memory technique. Step Five: Practice Mentally Moving Through Your Memory Palace A Few Times Before putting information into your Memory Palace, navigate it a few times. Exactly how many times is up to you, but I’d suggest at least five times so you’re really familiar with the your mental version of the location. As a best practice, find a quiet area to practice. Close your eyes, get relaxed and bring the first station to mind. Move in a deliberate way from station to station in the Memory Palace and make sure each station is clear to you. It’s okay to refer back to your drawing while practicing. That’s yet another reason why I strongly recommend you go through the simple planning phase. The exact journey you decided upon will be there for you to refer to on paper if you need it. How To Use A Memory Palace: A Simple Example As you’ve learned, the Memory Palace helps you associate information with specific areas within a familiar location. Laying out your associations is done using mnemonic images. As you mentally walk through a location you’ve prepared, exactly how you place pieces of information and link them to associations simply involves using your imagination. Later, when you want to recall the information, you revisit your mental route, and the information will be easily accessible. The technique is made more effective when you add surprising or out-of-the normal features to your associations. For example, let’s assume you want to memorize this sequence of words: hero drill spacecraft music To make the process concrete for you, have a look at this illustration: There’s a hero on the first station of this Memory Palace. But there’s a catch. The word “hero” is a bit vague. And so is the image in this illustration. In my imagination, it’s actually a specific hero (Superman) and he’s engaged in wiping his boots on the floor. Enforcing Associations in Your Memory Palaces To increase your ability to memorize and retain any piece of information, your brain needs to make each association more interesting. You can do that by making it distinctive or unusual, such as with my example of Superman wiping his boots on the floor. Memory experts call this simple process of making associations for striking “elaboration” or elaborative encoding. To elaborate any association in your Memory Palace: Exaggerate how the association moves Change the size of the image Distort the image Amplify its colors Add sounds, physical sensations and even tastes and smells For example, you could imagine the hero in your Memory Palace banging his feet on the floor. Really exaggerate the image, so much that you can hear the banging and even smell the wood as the floor breaks apart. There’s another way to make each association even stronger. This method also helps you remember more than one item at a time. Memorizing Multiple Items For a word like hero, you can add Hercules to the association you place in your Memory Palace. Because the sound of Hercules’ name and the word hero are similar, you can easily make the image sillier and more striking. Let’s extend the example further for the next word on the list. When you think of the next station in your Memory Palace, imagine that there is suddenly a drill next to the hero. To increase the power of this mnemonic imagery, use the elaborate technique we just discussed. For example, you could imagine that the drill is turned on and you have to leap over it to avoid being hurt. If you want to practice, memorize the example words for yourself. Once you’re done with hero and drill, use your third station to imagine a spacecraft flying around inside your Memory Palace. You can elaborate the association by exaggerating the movement of the spacecraft, or have it do something silly, like leave a trail of glitter. Here’s a summary of the main steps above with a few additional details: Draw a floor plan of a familiar location. Create a journey that does not lead you into a dead end. Make sure that your journey is linear so that you don’t create confusion by crossing your own path. Don’t clutter your first Memory Palace by assigning too many stations. Number each station and create a top-down list to help you mind remember the journey better and prepare for more advanced uses later. Use your new Memory Palace as soon as possible by filling it with information that will improve your life. Use the Memory Palace to invoke the Primacy Effect and Recency effect for each Magnetic Station by using the Serial-Positioning Effect and spaced repetition. Create more Memory Palaces and repeat the process, always taking care to memorize information that makes your life better professionally and personally. How to Combine the Memory Palace Technique With The Linking Method In addition to using the Memory Palace journey to help you trigger associations to call back whatever you want to memorize, you can link your associations within the Memory Palace. In other words, you can have the hero throw the drill at the spaceship. As I share in my post explaining how I memorize names at events, I use the room we’re in as the Memory Palace. Then I use associations that “link” together to make it faster and easier to recall all the names. At this event, I created an impromptu Memory Palace from the room to memorize everyone’s name. I used associations for each person and linked some of the associations together. This was effectively using two mnemonic devices at the same time. These are just a few examples. The trick is to select what you want to memorize and then start to explore how the technique works by coming up with associations and laying them out in your imagination. It’s okay to make mistakes as you learn the technique. Just get curious about what you could do better and review the basic instructions to see if you’re missing any of the key steps. Once you have one Memory Palace, you’re ready to create more and even link one Memory Palace to another. Here’s a tutorial showing how to do that, including some processes that will help you “teleport” or…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    How To Expand Your Mind: 15 Methods From 20 Years Of Memory Training Jul 30, 2026
    Show notes

    You can readily expand your mind by improving your ability to encode new information, retain it and retrieve it quickly. That means you don’t have to unlock some supposedly unused region of your brain. You just need to practice paying attention to information, absorbing it in deeper ways and practicing remembering it intentionally. I’ve been doing this for years as a memory expert who regularly takes on hard learning projects. Sometimes easier ones too. As a result, I have increased my mental skills and pushed the limits beyond how much I thought my brain could learn. For example, in addition to starting my own business, I’ve expanded into other areas beyond writing books, blogging and running a YouTube channel. But I had to engage in the activities I’m about to share with you on this page. Go through them all and you’ll almost certainly enjoy the benefits of an expanded brain. For example, you’ll likely be able to: Remember more Make better decisions Think faster Connect abstract ideas Plan further into the future Energize yourself when you’re down Enjoy mental peace on demand The best part? You never have to be so open-minded that your brains fall out. After all, there are a lot of sharks out there teaching woo-woo “techniques” directed at the gullible. But you can learn how to expand your mind based on scientifically valid processes that work quickly. Let’s dive in, after defining our terms. What Does It Mean To Expand Your Mind Anyway? Although the answer here is partially subjective, there are four common capabilities that lead to being able to think more broadly. And that means being able to enjoy your mental life while also solving problems faster, more completely and with presence to the present moment. When you can do these things, you’ll automatically enjoy better memory, which is why mental expansion and memory must go together. You really can’t improve any of the other elements of your mind without exercising your memory. With that in mind, here are the four categories: Ongoing memorization to gather and retain more knowledge Focus so that you can keep your attention on ideas that are worth your attention Analytical ability so you can recognize relationships and evaluate them Application so you know how to use what you know in a variety of circumstances A simple exercise you can complete right now is to get out a piece of paper and list all of the ways you’re already engaging in these four categories. Make no mistake: ongoing self-assessment almost always yields more insight. Come back to these four categories frequently to track how you’re doing. How to Expand Your Mind:15 Ways to Think, Learn and Remember More The following practices are presented in no particular order of importance. Usually they can be mixed and matched for maximum impact, such as juggling while reciting the alphabet backwards. I’ll show you a video where I’m doing just that further down the page. But let’s start with the first mind-expanding technique first. It’s the best. One: Use a Memory Palace If you’re not familiar with this incredible mental tool, a Memory Palace works like this: You select a location such as your home. Then you identify a journey you can easily navigate. I suggest you make a quick sketch of the layout. Nothing artistic. Just a plan like this one, based on my elementary school: The numbered loci in my Parkcrest Elementary Memory Palace Like Hansel and Gretel, you then just place “crumbs” of association along this journey that help you remember information. For example, one of the most mentally expanding projects I’ve completed involved memorizing over 2000 words in hundreds of Sanskrit phrases. Each phrase, or small cluster of words is woven together with a simple mental association and placed like a crumb along the journey. Once you have this simple tool under your belt, you can use it to extend your knowledge of many topics and skills. For example, you can use Memory Palaces for a variety of expansive learning exercises: Learn the planets Memorize the presidents Remember the periodic table of elements Recall geographical information from maps Absorb new vocabulary within minutes Memorize ideas while reading For more on this technique, check out my Complete Memory Palace Guide. Two: Practice Multisensory Visualization A lot of people visualize, but they make a weird mistake: They limit visualization to seeing mental pictures. This habit prevents them from expanding their minds effectively. Instead, make sure you touch on at least eight of the major multisensory modes. We call them the “Magnetic Modes” in our community. Try these visualization meditations to get started in a way that incorporates multiple sensations. And pick one of the activities on this page and practice visualizing yourself doing it right now. For example, imagine yourself reading a book and using a Memory Palace to leave some of its ideas along a journey based on the Hansel and Gretel metaphor I shared above. Three: Read Using Active Recall Unfortunately, there’s a lot of hogwash out there about so-called “speed reading.” Yet, you can learn how to read faster. The trick is in selecting books worth reading – books that will actually expand your mind. To do this, I suggest you create a vision statement. What is it that you want to accomplish or experience in life? Next, do some research and identify 1-3 key texts on that topic. For example, when I wanted to learn about consciousness, I quickly came across a book called Gödel Escher Bach. To find more related books, I simply looked at the list of works cited and picked a couple. This process quickly led me to reading both Spinoza and Hume. Of course, you’ll find that not every lead proves worth the time in the end. But learning how to separate the wheat from the chaff cannot take place if you don’t encounter a few bad apples along the way. In other words, bad books also expand your awareness of what doesn’t work too. It’s win-win no matter how you look at it from this perspective. You want to add what scientists call active recall to the ways you engage with books. Rather than passively read and put the book aside, ask questions about what you’re reading as you’re reading. Then later test yourself on the content. Journal about it by summarizing key points in your own writing. This will not only lodge the material deeper into your memory, but also help you forge more contextual connections with other books you read over time. Four: Learn Multiple Languages If you really want to use more of your brain, learning just one other language won’t do. Of course, there are challenges when it comes to learning more than one language at a time. But with strategy these are readily overcome. The benefits of learning another language are huge because even just a small amount of multilingual study will: Reveal connections between cultures Teach you the history of how languages evolved historically Stimulate critical thinking skills thanks to exposure to multiple points of comparison You’ll also meet many more people you can chat with, and some of them will be the “next level” thinkers we discussed above. Five: Journal From Memory Keeping a journal has been proven to improve memory and expand your experience of time. (See Richard Wiseman’s 59 Seconds for the research data.) You can journal in a number of ways at the same time, including: Progress journaling (goals, books you’ve read) Biographical journaling (daily events) Gratitude journaling (things you’re thankful for) Dream journaling (recording your dreams) The more you practice different styles of journaling, the more you’ll find the space in your mind expanding. For a simple journaling exercise you can practice right now, get out a piece of paper. Write down five impressions you’ve had from going through this article today. Then, without peeking into your journal, use active recall to test how many of the ideas you can recall the following day. Six: Juggling With Added Challenges Hang on, you might be thinking. Juggling? Well, yes. It expands your mind for quite a few reasons. Research shows that it: Increases connections between the neurons in your brain Improves vision Improves memory Improves oxygen and blood flow for better cognition To get all the research in one highly readable account, check out The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture by neurologist Frank R. Wilson. To take your juggling to the next level, include other skills, such as reciting from memory. I share how I learned to do this here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yTiX0JOuNU To get started, get yourself some suitable balls and make it simple. Add one level of complexity at a time. When you’re ready to supplement juggling with memorized material, I suggest you start with a song you already know. Then increase the challenge by reciting new content you’ve only recently memorized. You can also juggle while completing many of these powerful brain exercises. Practice at least four times a week for best results. Seven: Seek Out Incredible Thinkers If you want to know how to use more of your brain, you really can just let it rub off on you. We know that people learn by modeling others, so one of the easiest and fastest activities for stimulating mental expansion is simply to be around great thinkers. Now, do you really have to be in the same room? Yes and no. Obviously, listening to podcasts and watching videos of great debates can play a role. But I’m pretty confident you’ll pick up more thinking skills when you’re together with people who regularly use more of their minds. Options include: Attending public lectures and mingling Going to meetup groups Joining a chess club Going to a memory competition Hanging out with smart friends and family members If you really can’t find people offline, seek out online discussion groups and forums where people demonstrate their expertise. It can take some time to find the right mix, but it’s worth the search. The search itself should expand your mind too. Just keep this principle in mind: If you’re the smartest person in the room, it’s probably the wrong room. Eight: Meditate Meditation is all the rage these days, and for good reason. Few mental activities have produced as much scientific evidence of the benefits you can experience than meditation. Here’s a guide on how to meditate for concentration and focus that includes some of the best science. I suggest you start simply: Set a time for less time than you think you can sit Sit in a chair or on the floor Focus on your breath Let your thoughts flow unobstructed When the timer rings, sit for just a little longer Journal to capture your reflections on the experience Nine: Practice Philosophy In Everyday Life If you do any serious amount of reading, you’ll wind up covering a fair amount of philosophy. But to enjoy an expanded mind, reading is not enough. You have to do philosophy. There are a few ways to do this. For one thing, Gilles Deleuze thought that doing philosophy at its highest level revolves around the creation of new concepts. Now, “new” doesn’t necessarily mean “unique” or “original.” So if you want to do philosophy, you don’t have to stress out about this particular term. There’s also the power of exploring concepts that are “new to you.” For example, I often come up with my own pet phrases for concepts that have certainly existed before. But because I craft them by interacting with them, they take on a special emphasis. Nir Eyal presents research from science on how and why this kind of interaction helps people focus and gain traction in life. Ramon Llull, Nietzsche and many other people have promoted this form of self-invention throughout history too. Ten: Learn Ars Combinatoria (The Art of Combination) Ars combinatoria is a big topic, but here are the broad strokes: Basically, you create a Memory Wheel. On this wheel, you place individual letters. These letters represent larger concepts. For example, if you want to remember how to act in certain situations, you would place letters on your Memory Wheel to remember those actions. Instead of arguing, for example, you might choose to: S: Say nothing T: Take a deep breath O: Open the dialog with a new question after suggesting a quick P: Pause Now, you might be thinking… Hang on! Learning acronyms sounds like limiting the mind, not expanding it. I understand the objection, but in this case, nothing could be further from the truth. Sometimes by limiting ourselves to pre-memorized options, we wind up increasing our options. Then we’re able to learn more and enjoy the benefits of objective reasoning as a result. It’s a big topic and there are more ways to use this technique for expanding your mind. Learn more about ars combinatoria today. Eleven: Learn New Manual Skills We’ve already talked about juggling. But there’s also: Musical instruments Typing Fencing (swords and yes, building picket fences) Drawing Knitting, etc. You might laugh at knitting, but one of my best friends is an avid knitter. He’s really brilliant and very successful and attributes some of his ability to concentrate and remember conversations to his knitting habit. I’ve certainly noticed he pays more attention when we speak even though he’s clacking away at a new sweater or scarf. Twelve: Practice Self Inquiry It can take a while to understand the idea of asking yourself questions. It certainly took me a while. But it’s very powerful and can help you experience consciousness in a whole new way. Basically, the tradition is very old and appears in everything from Advaita Vedanta and Zen to hermeticism and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I believe it has stood the test of time because it is an incredibly powerful cognitive activity. My favorite questions are: How do my thoughts behave? Are my thoughts useful? What value do my thoughts have? Who is having this thought? Where is this thought taking place in my mind? There are many more self-inquiry questions you can learn. The core idea behind using them to increase your mental capacities is that they offer a “pattern interrupt.” Instead of being constantly lost in thought, you manage to experience the consciousness that your thoughts arise in. These questions do something else too, and it’s the reason I keep coming back to them. They catch your dismissals before you act on them. Most of us walk around with a running list of things we’ve already decided aren’t worth our time. The trouble is that we rarely notice we’ve decided. The judgment just sits there feeling like a fact about the world rather than a position we’re holding. So the next time you catch yourself writing something off, try running it through a few questions: Whose thought is this? Mine, or one I absorbed from someone else? When did I decide this, and what was I basing it on? What would I have to find out to change my mind? What am I protecting by keeping this judgment in place? You don’t have to reverse the judgment. Often you’ll run questions like these and find your original assessment was correct. But you’ll be holding it as an assessment rather than a wall, and that’s a meaningful difference. I go into this practice in more depth in this TEDx Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvtYjdriSpM Thirteen: Macro and Micro Travel The more places you see, the more references you’ll have to locations, people and experiences. This is true at multiple levels of travel: Other countries Other cities and states or provinces Other parts of your city No matter what’s going on, you can always take a walk to a part of the area you live in to expand your mental model of the world. Fourteen: Practice Empathy Next time you’re meditating, try this simple exercise: As you recite the alphabet from A-Z, think of people you know and embrace them with love in your heart. For example: A – Adam B – Bonnie C – Carl Etc. Within just a few moments, you will have created positive emotions for multiple people. Here’s another exercise: The nex…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Why Schools Don’t Teach Memory Techniques (The Real Reason) Jul 23, 2026
    Show notes

    Image of a teacher displaying bad grades to a student not skilled with learning and memory

    You don’t have a bad memory.

    I know that statement can be hard to swallow if experience has taught you otherwise.

    The real problem is that your memory was never trained. And that’s because no one was ever required to teach you how to train it.

    This fact doesn’t get you off the hook in terms of responsibility for fixing the problem.

    But it’s one of the most freeing realizations I can share with you when it comes to learning and memory.

    And it’s an answer I share often when I answer one of the most common questions I receive here at the Magnetic Memory Method Headquarters:

    “Why aren’t memory techniques taught in schools?”

    Now, as I’m updating this article in 2026, the question lands with a new feeling of urgency.

    As AI continues to fill our minds with a mixture of hope and concern, more people than ever before are starting to feel the cost of an untrained memory in ways they never did before.

    I’ve never seen so many pictures of physical books shared on social media, for example.

    And when people talk about the “school system,” often the answers they give reeks of conspiracy. They conjure up images of entire nations keeping children ignorant so they’ll grow into obedient workers for the state.

    As I’ve reported in my post on rote learning, it might be the case that brute force repetition harms critical thinking.

    And what on earth is more repetitive than the Internet itself?

    But when it comes to why mnemonics aren’t taught in schools, the truth is simple.

    And as usual, the truth is far more useful than conspiratorial thinking.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoAIkkZCROg

    The Real Reason Advanced Memory Techniques Aren’t Taught In Schools

    First, a fact most people miss: some memory techniques are taught in schools.

    The alphabet song is a memory technique, for example.

    And an acrostic like “Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge” is a memory technique from the world of music mnemonics. We hand children simple mnemonic devices for math, astronomy (like memorizing the planets) and biology all the time.

    But the powerful techniques like the Memory Palace, the Major System, and 00-99 PAO System?

    These almost never make it into a classroom. If ever.

    Why?

    Here’s the real answer:

    No teacher is ever required to learn them.

    Think about that sad reality for a moment.

    To earn a teaching certificate, a candidate has to demonstrate all sorts of competencies.

    But not one certification board on earth of which I’m aware asks prospective teachers to sit down and memorize 30 names in 3 minutes. Not one regulator asks future teachers to encode a chapter of information into a Memory Palace and recite it back.

    As a result, teachers can’t model what they were never asked to master. You simply cannot pass on a skill no legislative body has ever required you to develop.

    The Gap Must Be Closed

    That’s it.

    As far as I can tell, there’s no conspiracy to be found. Just a persistent gap in the requirements placed on teachers, one with enormous consequences.

    But just imagine if that single requirement to be able to remember thirty names existed. Imagine what tremendous retention skills students would carry with them for the rest of their lives.Memory Detective Jr Book Cover Mystery of the Magnetic Numbers

    It’s one of the reasons I wrote the Memory Detective Jr. series I will be launching in the near future. It’s to put memory techniques directly into kids’ hands precisely because we don’t have a system prepared to make teachers train their memory.

    At least not yet.

    For now, we get major news media stories about elite colleges struggling to stamp out AI-assisted cheating.Adolfo Artigas Magnetic Memory Method Testimonial Photo

    The Interim Solution

    Let me tell you about Adolfo and his son. That’s Adolfo pictured above.

    He’s a veteran who went back to school as an adult. When he found his memory lacking, Adolfo signed up for the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass.

    Soon, he was acing all of his exams.

    Meanwhile, Adolfo’s son was struggling to get through high school. So badly that going to university looked unlikely. In fact, even finishing high school was under threat.

    So Adolfo did something most parents don’t even know they can do to help their kids.Adolfo's son in front of the Major System and PAO System dry-erase board that led to a university scholarship

    He bought a giant whiteboard, placed it on the dining room wall and sat down with his son to learn the full 00–99 PAO system.

    And Adolfo did this despite the fact that it’s one of the most advanced techniques I teach. In fact, you have to learn the Major System first in order to properly use it.

    Predictably, Adolfo’s son went on to ace high school. Then he earned a full scholarship to a good university in Florida. As I write this update in 2026, he’s working on his thesis.

    Before his father sat down to teach his kid memory techniques? That boy was at serious risk.

    Whiteboard Optional

    You don’t need Adolfo’s level of dedication to change a child’s whole relationship with learning.

    Mohammad Kolia taught the technique to his 9-year-old niece and nephew. As he shared in his testimonial after completing the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass, in just a few minutes, they’d successfully memorized the first 10 elements of the periodic table using this approach.

    His niece, who didn’t even know what an element was when they started, recited them to her teacher the next day and earned a gold star. Now she wants to learn the whole table.

    Picture of Mohammad Kolia with his Magnetic Memory Method cup

    And that’s the point. Any adult who knows these techniques can hand them to a child and successfully guide them.

    It doesn’t have to be a teacher working for a school. It can be a parent, an aunt, an uncle, a mentor.

    And in a world where AI is quietly doing our remembering for us, being that adult who is capable of passing on these techniques may be one of the most important gifts you can give.

    Why I’m So Passionate About Enabling Parents To Take Responsibility

    I don’t make this argument as someone who breezed through school.

    Far from it. I once dropped out of high school. Although that experience helped me learn a lot about how to live an interesting life, I can’t say I recommend it.

    At least not under the circumstances I went through.

    Part of the reason why I dropped out was depression.

    Part of it was in response to an English teacher who liked to give me a hard time about my grammar. He once told me, probably without a shred of honesty, that he’d give me fifty dollars and an A+ if I ever managed to publish anything.

    After dropping out and going back to graduate in a different town, I actually did publish my first piece and went back to show it to him. Ironically, the magazine paid me exactly fifty dollars.

    But the teacher was no longer there. He had since died.

    Although I never got to see the look in his eyes when I handed him the publication or insist he correct my grade, here’s what I’ve come to understand:

    Dropping out ultimately wasn’t the failure all my friends assumed it was. I spent that time reading what I actually wanted to read. I nourished a mind that school had left starving. And when I went back to finish, I was ready for the heavy memory work that would come later in graduate school.

    The Need For More Authenticity

    A subset of my thinking as a generally AI-positive person is that the only way we can make ourselves bulletproof for the unknown future is to pursue the same options we’ve always had:

    Go to the real place and do the real thing.

    And be real about it.

    For years, I have shared the harder parts of my story openly, especially in my book The Victorious Mind.

    Just this morning, I was on a call with a long-time supporter of the Magnetic Memory Method and he shared how he had lost his son. He talked about how much my willingness to talk about the dark stretches in my own life meant to him.

    Make no mistake. Writing The Victorious Mind was not easy. But it’s precisely because authenticity helps us all improve that I decided to share my most raw experiences in that book.

    And because memory training exercises like these have helped my state of mind so much, on top of learning, being open has been worth it.

    So if you’re struggling right now, please don’t carry it alone. Reach out to someone you trust or a local support line. It matters. And so do you.

    But Are Simple Mnemonics Enough?

    To bring this back to requiring teachers to learn and be able to use memory techniques, I think the problem we face is a lack of authenticity.

    I make mistakes publicly all the time when accessing my memory. Of course, my success rate is more than sufficiently high, but many people don’t have the willingness to mess up.

    Their egos rule the roost.

    And if they engage with mnemonics at all, they stick with the simplistic “list of mnemonics” found on Wikipedia.

    Most of them are useless. Worse than useless, frankly because acrostics and acronyms pile on overwhelm because they lack context and the associative power of well-formed mnemonic images.

    They have no method, and are generally nothing like the techniques included in my free online mnemonics dictionary.

    Ultimately, it’s to encourage people to put their egos aside and dive into the deep end of advanced mnemonics that the Magnetic Memory Method exists.

    Not to hand you gimmicks, or some magic fix-all fantasy that improves your memory for all things forever and ever, amen. That’s not reality, and I won’t pretend otherwise.

    Instead, my books and programs break the techniques down to the how, the why and the what. And I don’t stop until using memory techniques starts feeling fun.

    Of course, serious memory training isn’t for everyone. Plenty of people just want formulas and shortcuts. If that’s what you’re after, I’m not your guy.

    But if you want to actually master your memory and treat it as the precious asset that makes every other kind of learning possible, then you’re in the right place. And I’ve got your back.

    So Here’s the Real Question…

    It was never all that helpful to ask, “why don’t they teach these techniques in school?”

    The real question is the one only you can answer:

    Now that you know your memory was never broken, what are you going to do about it?

    If taking action right now appeals to you, start here with my free memory improvement course:

    Free Memory Improvement Course

    And then help someone else improve their memory based on your own level of skill.

    Soon, you’ll enjoy the benefits of knowing what really improves your memory, leading to the ability to think faster and improve your concentration.

    So what do you say?

    Do you share my philosophy about learning and memory?

    It basically boils down to the old line about teaching people how to fish instead of doing the fishing for them.

    Except in this case, it’s also about fishing, hunting, farming, gathering berries and filling your memory with many other skills too. The way only authentic effort to develop your mind can.


    The Forgetting Curve: How Memory Techniques Help You Beat It (Without Endless Reviews) Jul 13, 2026
    Show notes

    Hermann Ebbinghaus is remembered mostly for discovering the forgetting curve. Open any psychology textbook, any blog devoted to a flashcard app or any study-tips listicle, and you’ll find his name alongside a distinctive graph. Memory expert Tony Buzan called it the most important graph in the world. That’s because its iconic line shows memory plummeting within hours of learning something new, then flattening out over days. Countless discussions of how to reduce forgetting give you the same tidy recommendations. Usually they tell you to review your study materials at intervals, just at the point you’re starting to forget. That way, many authors promise, you’ll beat the curve. The problem, just one of many you’ll discover today, is this: Ebbinghaus didn’t discover the forgetting curve. He discovered his forgetting curve. He was one man, testing his own memory, on one kind of material, using one method. And although the forgetting curve is indeed one of the most repeatable and reproducible principles in the history of scientific studies, reproducibility in laboratory settings does not mean you’ll stop forgetting by using the conventional recommendations. Besides, here’s something almost no one else will tell you: The deepest principles the Ebbinghaus experiments revealed were already written down more than two thousand years earlier by Aristotle. You’ll find them in a short treatise that describes something remarkably close to using a Memory Palace in combination with the same kind of serial positioning Ebbinghaus described as a means for reducing forgetting. So today I’m going to cover a few aspects of the forgetting curve all serious users of memory techniques need to know. These are points I’ve been putting off writing about for a long time. However, a few emails and comments I’ve received over the past few years have convinced me that now is finally the time. Especially since I’ve spent decades memorizing poetry, scripture, mantras, complex terms, the names of people from various backgrounds and vocabulary and phrases in multiple languages. And I’ve done this all while teaching thousands of students to do the same. From where I sit as a practitioner, the forgetting curve is real, useful and badly misunderstood. But treated correctly, it’s an invitation to success. First, however, for the uninitiated, let’s make sure we’re on the same page about the definition of this term. That way, you’ll be able to discover your own curve and work on reducing its impact in your learning life. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_qwUkfO65M What Is the Forgetting Curve? In 1885, Ebbinghaus published Über das Gedächtnis (Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology). In this monumental work, he reported years of experiments he had run on a single subject: himself. He memorized lists of sinnlose Silben, the German term for nonsense syllables. These were consonant-vowel-consonant combinations like ZOF and KEB. After committing lists of such invented words, he then tested how much effort it took to relearn them after various delays. Notice two things. First, these were invented words. Nothing with any meaning. Second, pay attention to the word relearn. Ebbinghaus did not measure memory only by asking whether he could reproduce an entire list perfectly. He also measured what he called “savings” in the context of relearning. This study goes quite deep into the nuances and implications of this particular concept for memory. To get the concept in brief, suppose it initially took you 20 repetitions to learn something. If it took only 10 repetitions to relearn it later, some trace of the original learning clearly remained. Your inability to reproduce the information perfectly would not mean the memory had disappeared completely. Keep this idea of “savings” in mind. It matters more than the famous graph, and we’ll return to it when I show you what happened to a long Sanskrit mantra I intentionally abandoned for years. It also connects to some concepts in memory introduced by Richard Semon and studied more recently by Dr. Paul Garrett in relation to the role of fuzzy memory. Back to Ebbinghaus, the result of his experiments is what we now call the forgetting curve. It shows how retention drops steeply at first, then the decline slows. He also documented what we now call the spacing effect. It describes how reviews distributed over time preserve more in long-term memory than the same number of reviews crammed together. All of what Ebbinghaus found replicates, so his science is not in question here. What’s in question is what you and I should actually do with his findings. And that’s where things really start to get interesting. Ebbinghaus Was an Early n=1 Memorizer Notice what Ebbinghaus actually was: A practitioner running experiments on his own memory. In today’s language, he was doing n=1 self-experimentation. He had skin in the game, memorized real material with his own mind, and measured what happened. I took his actions as both a lesson and an inspiration. It’s just that rather than memorize nonsense (apart from a bit of Kurt Schwitters’ “Ursonate”), I’ve focused on applying memory techniques to Chinese, scripture, poetry and facts related to law school. But you will never see the results you can achieve by reading about Ebbinghaus. You’ll only see it by memorizing information yourself and paying attention to what happens next. Tony Buzan was great about splitting the difference during his ThinkBuzan seminars. He taught memory techniques, but also had participants draw their own graph of the forgetting curve. Here’s mine: In sum, reading about the forgetting curve while never memorizing anything is like reading about swimming while refusing to get wet. Is There Such a Thing As Too Much Scientific Literacy? Years ago, Harry Lorayne coached me on becoming a successful memory coach. I followed just about everything he said, except one thing. He said, “whatever you do, don’t tell ’em about the science.” The reason I ignored the advice is that: I’m very interested in memory science Studying it has helped me discover many powerful memory activities and brain exercises The only problem I’ve seen is that about a year ago, students of all ages started writing to me in the language of science at an increasing rate. And for many, the various terms and memory statistics available online have created anxiety and perfectionism I don’t think needs to exist. For example, a medical student taking the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass recently emailed multiple times with worries about whether his review schedule was set to properly combat the “decay function.” Now, obviously, the research on memory genuinely matters. I cite it often and terms like this can be useful for forming a solid practice with using mnemonics. But Lorayne’s warning has started to take on a strange and unexpected sense because something strange happens when the vocabulary of science replaces practice. After all, science is mostly there to describe, not proscribe. We can certainly use scientific findings to improve our practice, but it’s not helpful to let techniques that have been used happily for thousands of years become the source of anxiety thanks to scientific papers. Don’t Let These Terms Interfere With Your Memory Training It’s not only beginners with memory techniques or medical students who would tend towards scientific verbiage when contacting me. I regularly hear from people fluent in the terminology, sometimes with publications to their name. A published researcher wrote me recently and had thoroughly reasoned himself into genuine paradox. Amongst other things, he wanted to know what a trained mnemonist’s memory does “without any technique.” Now, you certainly can get a swimmer to demonstrate what a particular stroke looks like without the water. And in the context of memory training, the question can sound rigorous. But in my view, this kind of question suggests that the researcher has lost contact with the very thing he’s asking about. This is because someone with a trained memory can’t isolate a ‘raw baseline’ without risking cognitive paradox. I would have to reflect on my use of mnemonic methods while not using them. And since he immediately followed-up with a pseudo-scientific claim about photographic memory, I knew he was not taking Ebbinghaus’ n=1 practice as an example by actually using the techniques himself. After all, photographic memory has been thoroughly debunked and I’ve demonstrated many times over that it not only does not exist. The term itself makes zero sense. So this is where some nuance about the forgetting curve is very important to the serious user of memory techniques. No matter who you are, you need to make contact with actual remembering. Aristotle Described the Core Principle Two Thousand Years Ago Actually studying and practicing a wide variety of memory techniques will get you insight far more interesting and impactful than any psychology textbook could hope to provide. In De Memoria et Reminiscentia, Aristotle describes recollection as movement through an ordered series. At one point in the book, he uses a sequence like the letters of the alphabet and gives strikingly practical advice that deeply inspired what I call Recall Rehearsal. This is a form of spaced repetition applied specifically to the Memory Palace technique. As Aristotle puts it, if you forget something, don’t start over from the beginning. Start from the middle of the series and move outward from there. Richard Sorabji, in his landmark study Aristotle on Memory, admits that he doesn’t understand what Aristotle is talking about in this passage. That’s a courageous confession, as many scholars would just make something up or speculate. As a practitioner of memory techniques with decades of experience, I can tell you what I believe Aristotle is describing. It’s either: An alphabetically labeled Memory Palace An early description of serial positioning and spaced repetition Or a description that provided the inspiration for creating this kind of Memory Palace practice. It’s genuinely difficult to say which. But either way, the principle and how it reduces unwanted forgetting is unmistakable to anyone who has actually run the technique. In case you have never used a Memory Palace, it involves ordered locations, deliberate starting points, and strategic entry into the middle of a sequence as part of several spaced repetition patterns that establish substantial retention. Modern Practitioners Who Know How to Beat the Forgetting Curve You can trace this practitioner lineage forward through Peter of Ravenna, Jacobus Publicius, Robert Fludd, Giordano Bruno, and in our own time, mnemonists like myself and Lynne Kelly (especially in her book, Memory Craft). Our combination of fieldwork and daily personal practice in particular sets the standard for studying these techniques. Certainly Frances Yates deserves credit for reviving scholarly interest in mnemonics through her book, The Art of Memory, but she acknowledged never practicing the techniques herself. Frankly, it shows. Her treatment of memory wheels, for example, creates the impression they were used as Memory Palaces, which is possible but unlikely. Practice changes what you can see in the Memory Palace books you read. Why does the Aristotle passage matter for the forgetting curve? Because his advice that you should “start from the middle” of a sequence of information you keep forgetting is serial positioning in action. And serial positioning is the key to defeating the curve. My Own Forgetting Curve, Observed in the Wild The reason I’ve never tried to reproduce Ebbinghaus’s experiment formally by memorizing nonsense is precisely because you see advice on how to beat the forgetting curve thousands of years before he conducted his research. That said, I have watched my own forgetting curve operate over years, and the observations I’ve made are instructive. For example, I worked daily with one long-form mantra built from a few dozen Sanskrit phrases for many years: the Song Celestial. Then I deliberately let it lapse with no rehearsal at all for approximately two years. I was not as deliberate as I could have been in terms of tracking like Ebbinghaus would have. But since the research is so heavily reproducible and we know why Memory Palaces work, I was happy to be casual about it. When I finally came back to this mantra, I was shocked by how much I could still recall. The forgetting curve had certainly caused some “decay.” But it was nothing like what Ebbinghaus’s graph would predict for material of that length after that much neglect. In Ebbinghaus’s own terms, the “savings” were enormous. And the relearning cost me a fraction of the original effort, because the trace was never gone. It was waiting for me. The question is, why? After all, I can’t sing songs I used to know by heart when I was a kid? Part of the answer is that I never stopped reciting the other three Sanskrit mantras I have memorized. They have very similar meanings, and in many cases, some of the same words. The meaning element in particular suggests that I partly benefitted from stronger retention due to what scientists call context dependence. Because I never left the realm of reciting Sanskrit entirely, that must explain the higher rate of retention. Compare this to my previous career as a Film Studies professor. I hardly watch movies anymore, let alone read theoretical books about them or lecture for weeks on end during a traditional university semester. The lack of context has accelerated the force of the forgetting curve and deskilled my chops as a film scholar. Memory Palaces: Structured Spaced Retrieval Systems That Beat Forgetting Apart from context-dependent memory benefits, another reason I could recall so much of a mantra despite not reciting it for years has to do with how I memorized it: using the Memory Palace technique. Not as a party trick, but as a structured spaced retrieval system. To learn more about how it works, check out my Complete Guide to the Memory Palace technique. In brief, the key is to place information tethered to associations along the stations of a Memory Palace and then practice Recall Rehearsal following patterns no software like Anki can guide you through. Titus Andronicus and Recall Rehearsal in Action My favorite demonstration where I show you Recall Rehearsal in action involves Shakespeare, specifically a passage from Titus Andronicus I memorized for my case study of how Anthony Hopkins memorizes his scripts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhjIkGu32CA I’ve retained the passage ever since running it through Recall Rehearsal with minimal repetition. Or better said, I repeat these lines often, but now it’s performance, not just recitation. But the interesting thing isn’t really that I can recite this passage. Anyone can chain words together through brute force rote learning and recite lines like these forward. The proof of the power of Recall Rehearsal is that I can recite the lines out of order: Jumping between sections Running lines in reverse Reciting the odd-numbered lines and then the even numbered lines It’s now probably my favorite demonstration because it makes the power of serial positioning visible. Even better: I’m not alone in enjoying the benefits of improved retention. Magnetic Memory Method Students Who Have Bent the Curve I’ve watched this play out in my students for years, and two cases capture it especially well. Jeannie Koh spent years learning Koine Greek using rote learning during years of what she said were filled with tears and pain. But after learning to encode with Memory Palaces, she found memorizing “much less painful, and much more enduring over time,” now recalling whole passages in that ancient language with an ease she says feels almost suspicious. Same brain, same language, two encoding methods, two completely different forgetting curves. She’s a one-person controlled e…

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    15 Ancient Memory Techniques to Supercharge Your Learning Life Jul 03, 2026
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    Frustrated when you read an article about ancient memory techniques that only covers the Greek mnemonic tradition? Me too. See, when I first encountered memory techniques through Harry Lorayne and others, they mentioned the Greek tradition in passing. Lorayne in particular mentioned “old techniques in dusty old books.” But he never went deep into what those techniques were until he wrote Ageless Memory. And in that book, his focus was on the Greek mnemonic tradition. Over the years, my research has continually shown that memory techniques are way older than Simonides of Ceos and his “Memory Palace.” As a result, my practice in using them has deepened considerably, as have the outcomes. Don’t get me wrong. The Greek version of the Memory Palace is a profound tool for learning faster and remembering more. It’s just that it’s not the only approach. And the ancient world has so much to offer our learning lives right now. Not to mention in the future. So if you’re ready to discover a much wider range of ancient mnemonic devices and add them to your arsenal, let’s dive in. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0uw27EfCUw Ancient Memory Techniques That Still Work As we go through this list together, two things: There’s no particular order of importance. I’m just laying out all the great techniques I’ve learned from around the world and throughout time. You’ll notice some crossover between these techniques, if not repetition. That’s because all memory techniques appear to be spatial in one form or another. Further, as Giordano Bruno has said in many of his memory books, if anyone thinks long and hard enough about these techniques, they’ll reach the same conclusions as he did. These techniques might seem like they belong to or originate with a particular group. Certainly, everyone should take pride in their history. But because there is so much crossover between these techniques, we should see the common humanity in them and not arrive at some kind of tribalism. This final point is made by Tyson Yunkaporta in his excellent book Sand Talk and repeated during our discussion on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. So if you notice universal patterns in my list, I suggest being open to exploring the repetition. I used to dismiss things that seemed repetitive. But over the years I’ve learned that not examining the patterns that repeat is almost always a mistake. If anything, repetition is difference. And in that difference lies so much to explore and benefit from. Finally, it’s useful to note that “ancient” can mean many different things. We often use the word to mean “very old.” But more specifically it sometimes used to mean “before the fall of the Roman Empire.” That would rule out, for example, Medieval and Renaissance memory techniques. For the purposes of this article, I’m not going to exclude either of those periods. Both the Medieval and Renaissance periods definitely count as “very old” in my mind, though I’m certainly interested in your thoughts on this and hope you’ll leave a comment if you think differently. One: Aboriginal Memory Techniques & Songlines Rooted in Landscape There are many Aboriginal and Indigenous memory techniques. Some have caught the interest of scientists and been validated through contemporary testing methods. These techniques include: Story Songlines Lukasa Memory spaces Hand mnemonics Songlines are among the most interesting of these ancient memory techniques. As Lynne Kelly describes them in her book, The Memory Code: Songlines, or Dreaming Tracks are pathways through the landscape connecting a large number of significant locations in a fixed order. As she later clarifies in her book, Memory Craft: Songlines were used to help memorize everything Aboriginal people needed to know about animals, plants, navigation, genealogies, the legal system, ethical expectations… the list goes on and on. The culture was entirely stored in memory. How to Use a Songline Songlines are all about being connected to the land. To truly understand how this works, I suggest you start by looking at an actual Songline. Keep in mind that you can use both the land and the sky to help you construct a Songline. Here’s an example of mine based on the Glass House Mountains: I assigned this Songline based on a mountain range and used the Songline itself to help me remember the mountains and the ancestral stories about them. For this particular Songline, I memorized the names and the stories related to the main mountains themselves, Tibrogargan, Beerwah and Coonowrin. The operation is quite simple: You place associations at predetermined points along the Songline. Then you use the Songline in combination with rules of active recall to usher the information into long term memory. Two: The Ancient Mnemonics Hidden In Coins & Scrolls as Abbreviations According to Eran Katz in Where Did Noah Park the Ark?, abbreviations entered use as mnemonic devices at least as early as circa 132 A.D. As Katz explains, coins found during this period contain some of the oldest abbreviations in the form of reminders. Used by the Bar Kochba rebellion against the Romans, the abbreviations reminded the Hebrews of the year and their quest for freedom. It seems like abbreviations are even older than that, however. Messages carved in stone used them, both to make it faster and easier to encode messages. And probably sometimes for secrecy through cryptography. Medieval scribes also used lots of special abbreviations in their work, including the pecia system. These days, abbreviations are used to help us remember the Periodic Table of the Elements and even our to-do lists. For example, you can make simple abbreviations any time like WALK to help you remember a specific routine: Walk the dog Buy apples Leave the night light on Kiss your partner good night Today, we use memory techniques based on something like abbreviations all the time. For example, the pegword method allows you to attach an image to each letter of the alphabet, which you can expand in many ways, use along a Songline, and more. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuk2POY_3yM Three: An Ancient Number System Chances are, you already know about one of the modern memory techniques for memorizing numbers. But it’s not as common for people to know about the katapayadi. The earliest examples are found in 683 CE, but it’s almost certainly much older than that. I’ve written more extensively about this system in the context of mental exercises, but it’s also a powerful memory technique. I believe it’s probably the origin of number memory systems we use now like: Major System Dominic System PAO System If you want to use the katapayadi, all you need to do is commit the code to memory and start practicing it with the numbers you want to remember. If you’re an English native speaker, one of the more modern options will probably be easier for you. Four: Buddhist Memory Techniques It was 2009 when I first heard Michael Roach talk about how Buddhist practitioners sometimes use their temples to help them memorize long form meditations. Roach is not always considered a reputable source so I was glad when I encountered basically the same description in the work of Karen Armstrong. If you read her book, you’ll find a very similar idea. And hers is solidly referenced. She also ties it to yoga. So what’s the idea? Simple: First, you chunk down the different parts of your meditation. Then you place these around the temple where your meditation sessions take place. Michael Roach walked his listeners through one such meditation, and the proof is in the pudding: I still remember the different parts of the meditation very well. In many ways, this approach is a lot like the Stations of the Cross mnemonic in a church. The main difference is that you’re using your imagination to place images on parts of the building instead of visiting actual stations with permanent images in them. Five: Ars Notoria & Angels as Mnemonic Images This approach to remembering more has to belong to the weirdest of the bunch. But as Dr. Justin Sledge and I agree, the Ars Notoria probably helped boost the concentration and focus of its users. In brief, this memory hack asked you to stare at images and recite the names of angels and other words. Once you know the names of the angels, these can be applied to helping you learn similar-sounding information in the future. Even if parts of Ars Notoria makes some really wild promises, it got lots of things right too. For example, it encouraged its users to read books and attend lectures. You might not normally think of going to class and reading books as a kind of memory technique, but actually those activities are mnemonic strategies in their own right. If you find this approach interesting, you might want to check out the recent Matthias Castle translation of Ars Notoria. Not only is it excellent, but his introduction to the book provides a fantastic overview of memory techniques in medieval and renaissance Europe. He and I discuss his translation in-depth on this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. Six: The Memory Palace Technique Now we get to the ancient Greek memory techniques. But as you’ve seen, many Indigenous people were already using space as a key mnemonic strategy much deeper into history. The reason the Greek rendition of the Memory Palace technique has been continuously attributed to them probably comes down to one thing: How memorable they made its origin story. Whereas songlines are kind of abstract to explain, the story of Simonides of Ceos is direct and easy to grasp: He was giving a speech at a banquet hall. An earthquake tore the place to the ground and he was the only survivor. Because he remembered where everyone was sitting, he was able to help the authorities identify all the bodies. He was literally recreating their positions in the building using a mental journey. And because this journey took place indoors, the idea of a “Memory Palace” took hold. There’s more to the story than that, elements added by people like St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and teachers like Peter of Ravenna. No matter who tells it, the story is memorable because of the drama in it. And that’s one major reason the Memory Palace technique survives to this day. That said, you may have heard of this technique by many other terms other than Memory Palace: Journey method Roman Room Mind Palace Memory castle Method of Loci to name just a few The technique has also appeared throughout pop culture in recent years, most notably in the Sherlock Holmes and Hannibal Lecter stories. Seven: Parallelism and Enveloping Have you ever wondered why some song lyrics, poems and scriptures are easier to remember than others? As explored in The Literary Guide to the Bible, this effect often has to do with two writing techniques in particular. Parallelism happens when an original thought is repeated several times but each time comes with a different example. You see this throughout the Psalms (which one of my students talks about memorizing), but also lyrics in songs like My House by Lou Reed. Enveloping is similar, but happens when images and ideas presented at the beginning of a piece appear again at the end. Enveloping may involve straight-up repetition or be done with a twist, as Shakespeare often tantalized us by ending his sonnets with puzzling phrases that make you rethink everything he said at the beginning of the poem. As Dave Farrow shared in his episode on my podcast, puns like those used by Shakespeare can be highly memorable. Eight: The Hand Memory Palace In Medieval Music and the Art of Memory, Anna Berger details the use of the hand as a mnemonic device. People learning music during this period would transfer knowledge about the musical modes to their hands. You can also use your hand to help you remember the months of the year. Or you can use your hand to figure out how many days are in any given month. Back to the Aboriginal memory techniques, if you check out my podcast with Tyson Yunkaporta, you can see me using his version of the hand Memory Palace to repeat some of the points made in his book. For more on using your hand as a Memory Palace, check out The Medieval Craft of Memory and The Book of Memory, both projects by Mary Carruthers. Nine: Noah’s Ark & Other Ancient Structures I just mentioned The Medieval Craft of Memory. In that book, you’ll read a few extracts from Hugh of St. Victor. One of them details The Mystic Ark, which Hugh painted to help people memorize key points from the Bible. What Hugh seems to be stressing is that you can make a lot more progress by fusing the content of a text with a Memory Palace related to that content. In other words, if you’re memorizing a Biblical story, use either a church or a location indicated in the story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nv3WSP1f4y0 You’ve already read about me doing something similar when I talked about memorizing the names of the Glass House Mountains and using the mountains themselves as a Songline. Another example would be something like the way Masons reenact various aspects related to Solomon’s Temple to help them remember key principles related to their philosophical beliefs. Indeed, many of their rituals probably serve as a kind of spaced-repetition that help members remember key points and add more details over time. Ten: The Statues of Giordano Bruno Renaissance memory master Giordano Bruno discussed using statues in Memory Palaces, specifically for remembering challenging, but important philosophical concepts. After discussing Memory Palaces in both On the Shadows of the Ideas and On the Composition of Images, Bruno wrote The Lantern of Thirty Statues. Scott Gosnell has released a recent translation of this text under the simpler title, Thirty Statues. Although it’s a challenging read, I recommended it. In this work, Bruno shares how he used the bodies of figures in statue form as mini-Memory Palaces. Using statues is not unlike using the hand. It’s the same principle extended to the entire body. You then attach mnemonic images to a journey laid out along a statue’s body to help you recall anything you wish. Bruno suggests that you assign 30 stations to a figure like Atlantis: As you can see in the example above, Bruno is “double-dipping” by using only the parts of the body that have two parts. This approach is effective, however. You can for example always have a foreign language word on the left eye and definitions on the right eye. You just repeat this pattern based on the rules you set as you move down the body of the statue. Or, you can use body Memory Palaces like this for opposites. The word for black can be on the left ear in a foreign language, the word for white on the other. For a modern and more simplified version of this approach, check out this interview with memory expert Ron White. Or, watch my 2026 video where I take you through a series of applications for the Body Memory Palace I don’t think you want to miss, from dates and facts to numbers you might need to remember at random: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMddgm37Mi0 Bruno’s version is indeed something worth exploring. Just keep in mind that I don’t use the thirty loci as he describes them myself. The full description of my approach is found in the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass. Eleven: Ninja Mnemonics and… Scarring I’ll bet you never thought ninjas would show as part of this tutorial. But it’s true. Ninjas are ancient and they used at least two memory techniques to be successful in their trade, which essentially involved spying. Their particular version of espionage began in the 15th century proper, though some people think the ninja tradition goes back earlier to the 12th century. While on their missions, ninjas required excellent long-term memory abilities. They couldn’t always carry paper and needed to retain information sometimes for months in order to deliver it. So, almost as if taking a tip from Giordano Bru…

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    Protecting My Cognitive Function: What 15 Years Teaching Memory Has Taught Me Jun 23, 2026
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    If you want to know how to improve cognitive function, you probably already know the basics. You need to eat well, get regular sleep, exercise consistently and maintain social connections. That last point hits me hard because as someone who has taught memory improvement for fifteen years, I recently moved away from all my friends. And I’m definitely feeling the impact of that decision. And we’re all facing the consequences of the decisions we make because everything influences the quality of our minds. So if you’d like to know what I’m personally doing to maintain focus as I age while leading an unusually isolated life, today I’m sharing my research and experiences. It’s a bit unique because I’m the author of multiple memory improvement books, an independent memory researcher and someone with a reputation to maintain in the field of mental performance. And since we all need to preserve our reputations, how I’m tackling my own concentration, memory and focus challenges might help you along your own journey. Let me share this proclamation loud and clear as we begin: Tackling challenges to my own concentration and focus is my passion. And it has to be a passion and a mission because I intend to enjoy a very focused mind with strong recall abilities for as long as I possibly can. Ready to explore some of the best, science-backed strategies that are helping me? Let’s dive in! What Is Cognitive Function? And How Does It Relate To Memory? “Cognitive function” is a term used in a variety of fields, from memory science to Jungian psychology. For Carl Jung, cognition boiled down to how your mind processes and experiences emotional feeling, intuition, a variety of sensations and thought. When it comes to memory in the realm of learning, cognitive function specifically refers to: Attention and how you focus on information like hearing someone’s name Working memory so you can temporarily hold an instruction or phone number in mind Long-term memory for accessing facts like names and locations Processing speed for thinking efficiently Executive functions like planning or switching between tasks Holding focus during conversations or while studying Speaking languages Navigating a variety of places Most importantly, cognitive function governs how we use memory techniques to remember things, specifically information related to data like numbers and information related to our professional work and studies. Why Cognitive Function Slips (According To Science) First things first: If you’re concerned about your memory, please see a doctor. Or, if you’re concerned for a loved one, assist them in doing so. Generally, the reason most of us have issues is because we distract ourselves with multitasking. Good recall begins with paying attention. But far too often we clutter our lives with social media, creating digital amnesia. This is a term that literally refers to Internet-induced forgetting. The good news is that we can improve. Like focusing on diet, exercise, sleep and socializing, paying attention is a behavior. This was a point made by memory expert David Berglas in A Question of Memory. He’s worth listening to because his memory stayed sharp up until a very old age indeed. How do you turn paying attention into a behavior? Start making an effort to remember names, for one thing. Yesterday at the bank I did just that, and the clerk delighted in covering up her name tag to test me several times. You can also engage in activities like memorizing scripture. Or other forms of long-form verbatim memorization, like poetry. For an inspiring outcome from one of my students who was recovering from cardiac arrest, check out the memory improvement case study and scripture demonstration provided by Matt Barclay. There are a few more activities to consider that I’ll cover below, but let’s look at what happens to our brain cells next. It will provide more context to this mission-critical aspect of our mental lives and why maintaining memory is so valuable throughout life. Cellular Aging Judith Campisi was a pioneer in the field of cellular senescence. As one of her papers described this term, cellular senescence is “when bad things happen to good cells.” It’s bad no matter where it happens in the body. But there are two ways it can affect memory: Reducing the functioning of your brain cells Creating pain and stress that distract you and reduce focus If you find yourself dealing with cellular senescence, diet might help improve your cognition. This study found that adopting a ketogenic diet improved memory in aging mice. Anecdotally, I’ve eaten either an entirely keto or near-keto diet for years. I have to regulary eat yogurt now, and that unfortunately causes some brain fog. But during the years I ate near-totally keto, I was sharper than I ever felt in my life. Genetics We often think that things are just the way that they are. Our genes above all cannot be changed. Assuming this is true now, will it always be the case that we have to just deal with the cards we’ve been dealt in the game of life? Scientists are hard at work answering this question. One interesting study on animals has shown promise with respect to potentially treating neurocognitive deficits with gene therapy. In this case, spatial memory was studied in particular, and treated animals were able to navigate mazes better. In humans, how we use memory to navigate space is only starting to be understood. The science writer Christopher Kemp wrote a lovely book on the topic and shared his findings on this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. Although it’s not entirely clear that Kemp’s personal struggles with navigation are genetic in nature, Dark and Magical Places is well worth reading because some scientists have shown a substantial relationship between place cells and memory. I’d be surprised if gene therapies didn’t emerge in the future that improve both spatial and other types of memory, giving them greater longevity in our lives. Environmental Factors One of the hardest things for many of us to change is our environmental conditions. As I mentioned, I moved away from the city and did not anticipate just how out of touch this would put me with my friends. I also did not anticipate that it would be such a challenge to make new ones. It’s critical that I take care of this soon, however. As this study shows, poor social connections are a strong predictor of cognitive decline. Another study found that people with stronger social networks have a lower mortality risk. The catch is that “naturally occurring social” relations are at the core of the benefit. Corny “interventions” by community groups or the recent explosion of rent-a-friend and rental family services don’t show much promise. Quite the opposite, as this Afar story details. If it’s true that people work ten-hour days only to carry on eating and relaxing with their co-workers, that sounds like a very challenging environment to live in. And that’s not to mention the possibility that worries over climate issues are causing anxiety-induced memory loss. If you’re struggling to think clearly and remember, you might want to think about how this kind of environmental issue might be affecting you. Research into eco-anxiety is underway at the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and likely to grow in importance as a field of therapy over the years to come. How Memory Improvement Activities Can Improve Your Cognition (Even As You Age) Now that we’ve covered some of the key reasons mental sharpness slips throughout our lives, let’s look at activities that will help restore and improve your cognitive function. Obviously, diet and nutrition for cognitive enhancement are assumed. And again, please consult a doctor for advice that directly addresses your personal situation. Likewise with the following activities. If you have doubts, always run each past a qualified professional before engaging in them. Even though I engage in them myself, critical thinking remains important and I always encourage you to seek at least one professional opinion before taking any action. One: Mindfulness And Meditation I’m a strong proponent of meditation for concentration as a key activity for improving attention and memory. Not only does my book, The Victorious Mind cover much of the key research on the benefits of meditation. I wrote it because combining meditation with memory training helped me in a variety of ways. The key is to understand that there are many forms of meditation to explore. Not just sitting or chanting mantras. For example, benefits of mindfulness on your cognitive function will likely start to flow for you through: Sitting meditation Walking meditation Breathing exercises Journaling for reflective thinking exercise Going on a retreat Practicing mindfulness while eating Yoga for concentration and memory Various practices that can help regulate your dopamine levels Although studies like this one show that meditation can increase your working memory, there’s a catch. As these researchers recommend, meditation routines generally need to be systematized and conducted routinely. I’ve certainly found that my own practices need to be consistent. That’s why I optimize my environment to remind me of my meditation practice. I have my journal always in sight, the place I sit and the book of mantras I’m memorizing from. Two: Have A Purpose As You Age I know it sounds cliche. But the findings of the Rush Memory and Aging Project demonstrate that having a goal linked to purpose is associated with lower incidences of Alzheimer’s Disease and related issues. Interestingly, the study also demonstrated that “purpose in life was also associated with a reduced risk of incident disability and risk of death.” I was fortunate to spend time speaking with the memory experts Tony Buzan and Harry Lorayne. They both were incredibly sharp when I met them, despite being in their seventies and eighties respectively. Why? It was not just the fact that they both engaged in regular memory training. In my view, their strong sense of purpose was a huge part of it. Tony had the World Memory Championship he helped found, along with his work in mind mapping and his polymathic personality. For his part, Lorayne wrote and published books and performed card magic almost until the end. I myself have made teaching as a mnemonist and understanding as much as I can about memory science my purpose. It’s not clear yet that I’ll last as long as they did or make a similar mark. That doesn’t matter nearly as much to me as enjoying the benefits that doing my best in this field brings. So your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to craft your own vision statement and work on your purpose. From there on in, it’s just a matter of consistent execution. If you’d like some help with this piece of the puzzle, check out: My detailed training on crafting a vision statement The mind mapping for my business I did under Tony Buzan’s tutelage Three: Engage in Regular Language Learning Activities Another reason you might suffer cognitive decline stems from not taking on enough challenges that create mental stimulation. Few activities offer more variety and challenge than learning a new language. The problem is that many people cringe at the first sign of challenge. Yet, the challenge itself is what’s so helpful for restoring and maintaining cognitive function! As part of my mission and purpose, I’ve created many tutorials on language learning that will help you. Many of these lessons are geared to reduce the challenges and speed up the process based on my personal experiences with applying memory techniques to language acquisition. But that’s not to remove challenges altogether. In many ways, it’s more about keeping the challenges fun and eliminating the boredom of rote learning. Quick Memory-Based Exercises That Restore Concentration We’ve just covered three areas of activity to engage in over the long-term. They’re not quick fixes, but tactics and strategies to explore across a lifetime. What about things you can do within a few minutes a day and get some benefit? Well, as I talk about here, completely crossword puzzles likely isn’t one of them (though they can be fun). It also isn’t fiddling with online brain games (which have been shown not to work very well). Instead, give these quick activities a try. Four: Repeat Conversations Silently In Your Mind I don’t know about you, but sometimes I get caught up in thinking about what I’m going to say next instead of focusing my mind on my conversation partner’s exact words. To combat this, years ago I started repeating what people were telling me in my mind. Memory expert Jim Samuels teaches something similar in his book, Re-Mind Yourself. It’s a quick exercise that focuses your mind and leads to remembering more from conversations. You can also practice this repetition game while listening to podcasts or watching movies. It’s powerful. Five: Kirtan Kriya According to the Alzheimer’s Research & Prevention Foundation, just twelve minutes a day with this ancient concentration technique helps improve your memory while reducing stress. Dr. Gary Weber teaches it in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehvokeZnXMM I’ve practiced it for years and it really helps. Usually I combine it with my walking meditation sessions. Six: Incorporate Mnemonics Into Your Daily Life Although it takes a bit of setup, applying mnemonics to everyday learning tasks is easy. You can use them to remember appointments, where you parked and your shopping list. Every time you do, you’re getting in a bit of cognitive exercise. Seven: Listen Like An Audiophile Music has become ubiquitous in our society. You almost can’t go anywhere without hearing it. But that doesn’t mean it has to be background noise. Pay attention deeply to the rhythms you hear. Repeat the melody in your mind. When I do this, I find that my irritation with music I don’t want to hear goes away. Even better, it connects me more deeply with music itself. And studies like this have shown that music is linked to memory in a variety of ways, including episodic memory, semantic memory and explicit and implicit memory. Just by listening to music in a serious way, you’re giving your memory a huge workout. On another level, I try daily to listen seriously to music I’ve never heard before. Luckily, there are bloggers and vloggers who share their most recent acquisitions. Within seconds, I have them playing on Bandcamp or YouTube. Then, the steps are simple: Close your eyes Listen deeply Imagine the different instruments (even if you don’t know what they are) Call back melodies later in the day to exercise your recall abilities For an extra boost, read biographies about musicians. Go through their music in historical order. Read the assessments of professional critics about them during their era. This simple act contextualizes the music and exercises your brain’s unique ability to make connections and expand with new learning. If music isn’t your interest, you can do something similar by looking at and recalling art. Or even going to indoor or outdoor art galleries. I’ve got a whole tutorial on how to use art galleries as part of your lifelong memory improvement journey. One simple exercise is to just think back to a painting or sculpture you’ve seen. In the feature image above, I’m standing under a sculpture in Brisbane, and I’ve combined it with the music exercise. I just asked what it reminded me of and thought instantly of the Canadian band Voivod, which I know from my reading has a relationship to Metallica. Since the sculpture looks like a big M, I then turned it into a kind of virtual Memory Palace, a final type of mental exercise we’ll discuss briefly next. Improving Cognitive Function Can Be Easy & Fun As you’ve seen, there are simple ways to combat cognitive decline. The trick is putting aside the time and being consistent about the activities. I’ve shared some of the…

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    The Unhackable Mind: Phil Chambers on AI, Truth, and Memory Jun 21, 2026
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    Phil Chambers profile image for 2026 Magnetic Memory Method Podcast episodeWhat happens to your memory when artificial intelligence can imitate knowledge without actually understanding it?

    How are truth, learning and creativity transformed?

    In this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, I reconnect with Phil Chambers, World Mind Mapping Champion, memory expert, author, trainer and long-time collaborator of Tony Buzan.

    Phil shares a candid personal update regarding his diagnosis with myotonic dystrophy, including the mental strength required to focus on what remains possible when life changes dramatically.

    From there, we explore how mind mapping can help with big decisions, why color and branching support memory and creativity, and how chunking helps reduce the load on working memory.

    But the conversation goes much deeper.

    Phil and I discuss whether AI truly “knows” anything, and why invented citations and synthetic content create serious risks.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMsJpDd0enQ

    My favorite part of our discussion revolves around why memory may become more important in a world where digital records can be copied, distorted, hacked or hallucinated.

    As Phil puts it, memory gives us something the online world cannot easily provide:

    A safer internal space for knowledge.

    We also talk about:

    • How mind mapping helps with decision-making
    • Why colors improve memory and creativity
    • The difference between semantic memory and episodic memory
    • How memory athletes encode cards and numbers
    • Why AI can appear intelligent without understanding
    • The danger of false citations and fake authority
    • How to trace claims back to original research
    • Whether human memory is truly “unhackable”
    • Tony Buzan’s legacy and archive
    • The role of drawing in mind mapping
    • How wonder, teachers and early influences shape the mind
    • Why “luck” may depend on perception, preparation and pattern recognition

    If you care about memory techniques, mind mapping, critical thinking, AI literacy, creativity, Tony Buzan, or the future of truth in an increasingly synthetic world, this conversation will give you a lot to think about.

    Why Phil Chambers is One of the World’s most Experienced Memory Experts

    Phil is one of the rare memory experts whose knowledge is truly multi-dimensional. He’s involved in memory competition, mind mapping comeptition, teaching, coaching and writing.

    A member of MENSA, Phil has served as Chief Arbiter of the World Memory Sports Council and has helped oversee national and international memory competitions around the world. He is also the only person to receive the Brain Trust’s “Special Services to Memory” Award twice.

    In his book, How to Train Your Memory, Phil shows how practical memory systems can help with the kinds of challenges people face every day: remembering names and faces, giving speeches without notes, learning foreign language vocabulary, memorizing numbers, passwords, formulae and other difficult information.

    His work in mind mapping and speed reading, accelerated learning and long-term review systems is second to none. He will help you sustain what you learn instead of watching it fade away.

    I can think of no one else who has spent so much time and traveled so many miles to help people turn a variety of memory techniques into powerful habits that improve multiple aspects of life.

    Ready for another episode related to AI and memory?

    Check out the views and experiences of AI expert and author Andrew Mayne, host of the Open AI Podcast. Amongst other things, Andrew’s a skilled user of memory techniques and great person to follow-up with on the themes of AI and memory.


    Open Book Exam Tips From a Professor Who Went Back to School Jun 19, 2026
    Show notes

    I just sat my first open book exam, the format where you’re allowed to bring your notes. You can even bring the physical textbook if you want, a testing format that was totally new to me. Should be easy, right? That’s what your tricky examiners want you to think. And I know not to fall for it. I have a PhD in Humanities, two MA degrees and taught at three universities around the world. During my years of teaching, I wrote, administered and graded more exams and assignments than I can count. Now, back in school as I near my 50s, I’m working on a second Bachelor’s degree. This time in law so I can develop an exact understanding for what law memorization is all about. For my first exam, I scored “High Distinction.” That’s the top grade here in Australia. But here’s something to consider that probably no one else will tell you about open book exams: There was one question I got wrong. And it wasn’t even the one I thought I’d missed. This “error” suggests that having the textbook wouldn’t have saved me even if I’d brought it with me. No, the problem was caused by the open book format itself. In this experience-based guide, I’ll show you what this kind of exam actually tests, and how to prepare properly. That way you can avoid the same recycled study advice just about everyone else gives online. https://youtu.be/_orag2IBwbA What an Open Book Exam Actually Tests (It Isn’t What Most Guides Tell You) First, I have to tell you that I was initially surprised that open book testing exists in law school at all. Especially since to pay for my earlier university studies I took some high-stakes exams for jobs I worked to help pay my tuition at York University. For example, I worked as a store detective and having open book testing for the required security guard license would have been absurd. No employer wants a guard who needs to flip through a textbook to determine whether or not they’ve witnessed a crime, after all. But now that I’ve taken my first exam of this type, I’m fascinated and did some research on why such tests are administered in the first place. In this study, researchers Ming-Yin Chan and Kwok-Wai Mui reveal that open book examinations have existed since at least the 1930s. Using my university library access, I found one such early study in the Journal of Higher Education from March, 1934. As John and Ruth Stalnaker argue in Open-Book Examinations, such testing has many positives: Emphasis falls on the course objectives Students utilize facts to solve problems Inference skills are exercised More time tends to be spent by students on preparation rather than cramming They predict that these kinds of tests will be more widely used in the future and encourage more research into the best kinds of questions suited to this format. Are the questions suitable to the format of studying law? Now that I’ve sat for a couple, I think so. After all, law is the field where getting even just one section number wrong could change the outcome of a case. That means this kind of testing is only partially about testing recall. It’s more about determining whether you can read with precision and work with the exact information as worded on a variety of source materials while the clock is ticking. Twenty Questions, Sixty Minutes, and No Authentic Way to “Look Things Up” So there I was at my laptop, the entire device reduced to just one screen by a lockdown browser called Respondus. My first exam was for a course called “Legal Institutions and Processes.” It is heavy on history and legislation. The first few weeks involved a ton of dense reading from multiple textbooks and a legal dictionary. This is the kind of reading I really haven’t done since I changed my major from Political Science to English during the second year of my first undergraduate degree. Although I had dreamed at my naive young age of one day becoming the Prime Minister of Canada, I changed my mind that year after interviewing the premier of British Columbia for the student newspaper. He clearly lied in response to my question and I determined right then that I was never going to be anything like him. Anyhow, do the math with me. Twenty questions during an hour-long exam gives you three minutes per question. During that time, you need to Read each question carefully Check your answers Fight off all kinds of urges and fidgety feelings that arise when you’re trapped And due to how the lockdown browser software works, I was literally trapped. The rules dictated that I could not leave the computer until I ended the session or the time ran out. The Practical Reality of Flipping Through Notes If you’ve never sat for an exam like this, ask yourself: How much time can you really afford to spend flipping through fifty pages of notes looking for an answer you don’t know? There’s no cookie-cutter answer here, but without preparation, the answer may as well be “zero.” The research agrees. In a 2024 study involving 112 open book and 83 closed book cognitive psychology students, the open book group scored higher. However, they also took longer to finish their exams. One way to interpret these research findings is that having access to your textbook increases your accuracy. But at what price in a world where time is your scarcest resource? How Long Did I Spend? As a time-poor entrepreneur with lots of polymathic projects on the go, I finished my first open book test in approximately thirty minutes. But needing the time to do other things was only part of the reason. A lot of the questions I was able to answer simply by using critical thinking, a skill I taught at university as a professor myself for four years. If you’re interested, here’s a list of my favorite critical thinking books. But the real reason I finished early is because I took the exam without a textbook. And that means for me, it wasn’t an open book situation at all. At least not in the normal sense. Here’s what I mean: My Notes-Only Experiment: Testing Digital Amnesia Under Exam Conditions Years ago, I wrote about a condition the Kaspersky Lab researchers called “digital amnesia.” In brief, your mind blanks out when trying to access information because you’ve stored it on a device you trust instead of in your head. Back then, I argued that every time you reach for a search engine instead of pausing to ask your own memory first, you deskill it. This is not unlike the way your muscles droop when you stop performing pushups. Here’s my original digital amnesia article if you’re interested. Anyhow, I don’t know if I’ll take more advanced law school courses without buying the physical textbooks. But for this exam, I took it as my chance to run a more high-stakes experiment with digital amnesia than I’d ever tried before. Did I have to experiment under proctored conditions, with a grade attached? Of course. Because real test conditions matter. And all the more so in the age of Artificial Intelligence, which challenges many aspects of mind and memory as I’ve previously written about in the context of learning. Let me take you a bit deeper behind the scenes. Because if you know my work with the Magnetic Memory Method, you’ve probably seen me with books frequently. And it can be confusing to suddenly hear that I decided to study 100% online. Why I Refused to Buy the Course Textbooks on Purpose Two reasons. First, I’ve said it on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast for years: I don’t memorize well from screens. In fact, 3x USA memory champion John Graham and I have talked about this “problem” of mine on more than one of our podcast conversations. I’m not alone with this problem. Some researchers even have a name for people who forget what they read from digital devices: the screen inferiority effect. Pablo Delgado and his research team probably gave away the best advice about how to handle the fact that we forget what we read from screens. They gave the solution away in the title of their 2018 Educational Research Review meta-analysis, “Don’t throw away your printed books.” Don’t throw print away indeed. Even some of the most pro-digital people I know follow this advice. For example, Andrew Mayne, host of the OpenAI podcast has been on my podcast to talk about how and why he still uses print journals and physical notebooks as part of training his memory. Second, I made this choice to dimensionalize my work on Peter of Ravenna, the 15th-century jurist who wrote about his legendary memory techniques. In my imagination, he wouldn’t have bought the textbooks either. All of which is to say that I knew what I was getting into when I made the deliberate choice to forgo ordering any of the physical textbooks for my first trimester of law school. But when I learned that my first test settings were going to be open book? I immediately had to reconsider my approach. And handle a frustration I faced with a contradiction in terms. The Unprintable Textbook Problem The assigned textbook, Laying Down the Law, is available through the university’s online library. But they’ve offered it in a digital format that makes printing individual chapters impossible. This means that a student who can’t afford the print edition, or doesn’t want to study from print, has exactly one permitted way to use the textbook: effective note taking. Could I have opened the library copy on a second computer during the exam? Technically, perhaps. But the rules make clear that accessing any secondary device counts as cheating. So I showed up to the test prepared with my handwritten textbook notes instead. I also prepared my own version of the lecture slides to make sure I could refer to them if needed. This required a couple of steps: Download them from the online course platform Upload them into Google Slides Export them as text files Edit the text into useful notes in a Google Doc Supplement the notes with my own observations Print them out Study them further from the printout These steps took time. But I wound up with much more understandable notes as a result. The notes not only fused the lecture content with the readings. I also got an additional review of the material. An Absurd Study Requirement Still, part of my mind couldn’t let go of the absurdity of the situation. I was preparing for an open book exam where the book is locked behind a screen you’re not allowed to open. Students willing to spend the money get to bring the textbook. Anyone else has to bring whatever they managed to copy out by hand. This is not a level testing field. It’s a paywall wearing an academic gown. In my case, the absurdity of this barrier served my learning experiment. But I had a choice. Plenty of students don’t. Think First, Verify Second: How I Actually Used My Notes So how did my handwritten notes and transformed notes based on the slides perform against the clock? At first, I didn’t use the notes at all. Instead, I initially answered every question by thinking first. Then I went over everything a minimum of three times, checking my answers for accuracy against the notes. In other words, I used my notes as a verification instrument, letting the answers come first from my memory. Now that you know how my exam went, let me consolidate everything into some tips for your own open book test. How to Prepare for Your First Open Book Exam: My Best Tips My study suggestions break down into practical strategies and mindset management. You really can’t have one without the other because unexpected things can and do happen no matter how prepared you come to a test. Build a Reading “Moat” Well In Advance Even before I knew about the assignment structure and course exams, I started reading the instant I had access to the course area. But not just the textbook. I made ample use of the included dictionary and memorized new terms using this tried and true vocabulary memorization process. To supplement the reading, I also found as many YouTube channels and podcasts about Australian law as I could. I listened intensely and watched as many hours of video tutorials as possible. Sometimes these audio and video supplements went quite ahead of the reading. So I took care to balance going too far afield of the requirements against making sure I was going through additional material related to legal institutions. Placing guardrails on myself required vigilant self-monitoring and discipline, but I wound up with a “moat” around the core reading. In other words, my core reading was surrounded by related multi-media study. How to Pass an Open Book Exam? Complete All the Readings & Every Exercise Often students ask me about how to find the most important details in their study materials. As I discussed in my tutorial on finding the main points in books and articles, many books include summaries and conclusions. And some include dedicated exercises. That was the case with Laying Down the Law. The instructor also included some additional exercises, and so I completed both. And this is exactly what you need to do too. Be a completist. I know it is tempting to search for hacks of every kind under the sun. But in reality, the point of studying something is to become an expert in that topic. Some experts certainly do skim and scan, but that doesn’t mean you should. Frankly, I found both the readings and the exercises for my first exam a bit boring. But I went through them anyway to help develop my understanding of the material. And to go beyond the call of duty so that later on, I will know I at least tried my best. How to Pass an Open Book Test with Help from AI As I discussed in my video tutorial on studying complex topics, I wrote an AI prompt to spar with and test my answers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfL5ygsYpyg The prompt is called A.I.M. and you’re welcome to grab it below if you want to give this GPT I trained for myself a try with your study material. Here’s an important point: Getting your reading down early and supplementing it with additional material enriches how you complete your exercises. Memorize Anyway, Even If You Have Textbook Access & Keep Flawless Notes One thing I kept hearing early on were sentiments like, “No one cares if you can remember legal Latin.” I took this point into consideration, but memorized the phrases I came across anyway. It turns out one Latin phrase did show up on the quiz. If I hadn’t memorized it, I would have been underprepared (especially since I did not have the textbook with me). Memorization of terms, dates, important names, sections and other minutiae related to your studies might not prove valuable in the end. But more practice with a variety of memory training techniques will provide many benefits. The core techniques I used for this part of the study process were: Memory Palaces Pegword method PAO System Spaced repetition Although it can take a while to learn and practice these mnemonic devices, it is well worth having them on your side. Organize & Supplement Your Notes Effectively I actually got the idea to print out the slides and then rearrange them from my friend Nick. At first, I thought it might be a waste of time. I already faced the problem of forgetting more from digital exposure. But as I edited the slides in a Google document, I realized that the additional exposure involved looking at the information from a unique perspective. While changing the format and organizing them into a structure I better understood, I was processing the information again. I wouldn’t call this form of learning either deep or shallow. It was simply an integrative step that enabled further questioning after I printed out the notes. And I found some initial study exercises in the notes that I later answered with a red pen after doing further research. For example, I extended my understanding of the “Cab-Rank rule” as you see here: Additionally, I took a moment to set up the footer area. As you can see in the example, this simple trick indicates: To which lecture slide the notes belong The page number The total number of pages for this set of note…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Can You Memorize Books Page By Page Without Using Memory Techniques? Jun 09, 2026
    Show notes

    Can you memorize entire books by using your concentration alone? Some people claim such retention is possible, and often point to figures like Swami Vivekananda. Frankly, I’m skeptical. Not because Vivekananda wasn’t smart, influential and an author of interesting works. No, I’m skeptical and concerned because such claims are unlikely to be true. And not only has no solid evidence been presented, but when myths about people who aren’t here to be tested, stories about them tend to grow larger with each retelling. Plus, there is so much value to be had from real techniques that actually work. True, there’s a bit of effort involved in learning and using mnemonic devices properly. For some people, lots of effort. But you can still get there with proper training, steps you might never find if you’re lost in mythology and chasing after outcomes that were never true. That’s why I want to respond in depth to this question from a reader of this website and fan of the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass: I like your MMM System, and I am learning and following it bit by bit. But I have one doubt. In India the Swami Vivekananda and other people read a book page by page without using any mnemonics techniques, and are still able to recall all of the concepts and vocabulary words. Simply they say, and only by using concentration. Which memory technique is this? Is this better than mnemonics or journey system? How do I develop this type of memory? Thank you for your reply. Quick answer: Concentration certainly can assist memory when reading. But reliable recall and verbatim memorization from books requires robust memory techniques for encoding and ample review. I’ve done quite a bit of verbatim memorization and will share my process at the end of this post. For now, let’s look deeper at the question of whether or not concentration will help with book memorization. Can Concentration Alone Help You Memorize An Entire Book? Assuming Vivekananda did this or anyone exists who has memorized any substantial amount of information through concentration alone, then I guess that’s the word you would use to describe this memory technique: “Concentration.” Guess what? Concentration does work to help you form memories. It’s also a great way to connect new information to older information that you’ve already learned. But you have to concentrate on the right things, such as using a mnemonic linking method to connect the information in your mind. As far as I’m aware, there’s only ever been one documented case of what people sometimes call “photo reading.” But it’s an episode from the history of memory science that should make us all skeptical. I cover it in my full breakdown of why photographic memory doesn’t exist. Long story short, such claims involve people who are probably not being honest. Why Extraordinary Claims About Memory Need Scientific Testing Let me ask you this: Do you really think such extraordinary claims about people reading one page or more of a book and repeating it perfectly would stand up to scrutiny through scientific testing? Even if something like flashbulb memory were involved while reading (which is unlikely), the claims of being able to recall entire books remain dubious. Part of the argument about concentration assisting memory does make sense, however. Merely concentrating on a book does indeed help me personally learn and remember the material from it. But how exactly this increase would lead to memorization of the exact content without some kind of elaborative encoding in the mix is a mystery to me. How I Use Memory Techniques While Studying Law Frankly, I’ve dealt with lack of concentration often in my life. I’m dealing with it now as I go through law school and apply memory techniques to help me get through it. I reported this new study project recently in my law memorization announcement. In order to reliably memorize the tons of material I’m currently facing, I’m once again using the textbook memorization system that helped me so much while getting my PhD in Humanities at York University many years ago. You can learn all about the process in this detailed video tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIQRiqQFKQY Here’s the full written version of the video above on How to Memorize a Textbook if you prefer reading. Quite frankly, there are so many advantages to this textbook method that I would sooner have people who are serious about learning take a few extra steps rather than experimenting with the claims of dead Swamis and their fans. In the case of Vivekananda, he was called a srutidhara. This is a Sanskrit term used to describe an eidetic person. This condition is sometimes confused with, but is absolutely not the same as photographic memory. Not only that, but eidetic memory has to do with visual memory, not the semantic memory involved in words on pages. According to my research, eidetic memory has only been scientifically demonstrated as valid for a couple of minutes. And as the original study by Ralph Haber discusses, it’s a kind of recall practically unheard of in adults. The Closest Case Still Involves Memory Techniques If there is one interesting case, you’ll find it in the story of Solomon Shereshevsky. But even then, there’s evidence that the potent memory skills of this figure involved the use of mnemonics. In any case, I suspect that many people can recite the gist of what they read on a page for a couple of minutes after placing a book aside. It’s long-term retention that matters. And this means that even if you could work on developing an eidetic memory to visually recall a page, it’s unlikely to help with developing the strong memory skills that help you retain information for the long haul. What Did Vivekananda Say About His Own Memory? Of course, Vivekananda did not use either the term photographic memory or eidetic memory. A large part of how his memory was described comes from the diary of a disciple named Shri Sharat Chandra Chakravarty. This disciple records the following statement from Vivekananda after being asked to explain how he quoted a variety of points from various texts: Simply by the observance of strict Brahmacharya (continence) all learning can be mastered in a very short time. Now, the fact that this quote comes from a diary doesn’t make it false. But the text does not exactly say that Vivekananda recited anything verbatim. In fact, the diary recounts: Disciple: Whatever you may say, sir, the manifestation of such superhuman power cannot be the result of mere Brahmacharya, something else there must be. Swamiji did not say anything in reply. Then Swamiji began to explain lucidly to the disciple the arguments and conclusions about the difficult points in all philosophies. Notice that Vivekananda, referred to here as “Swamiji” declines to explain himself further, as if to let the disciple create an illusion in his own head. A More Likely Explanation As for recalling a few passages here and there, which is what the text says Vivekananda actually did, I regularly perform this skill myself and often cite the page numbers of various quotes during my live streams. Do I use “continence” to do it? Partly, yes, in the sense that brahmacharya means to control the senses and bring one’s conduct into accordance with basic ethics. But I also use a PAO System to help me recall page numbers. It’s based on an ancient memory technique called the katapayadi, which Vivekananda almost certainly knew. He also likely knew: Krama-pāṭha Jaṭā-pāṭha Ghana-pāṭha These techniques are similar to the Recall Rehearsal process I’ll talk about in a bit more detail below. They help install lots of information in long-term memory that can lead to extraordinary results. Above all, it’s important to understand how other people exaggerate things. But unlike Vivekananda, when one of my private coaching clients exclaimed that I had spoken in eight languages in just fifteen minutes, I corrected him immediately. I said, “I may well have quoted various lines in a handful of languages, and probably drew from four or five. But let’s not mistake knowing various quotes in various languages for speaking those languages.” In other words, I did not sit in silence to bask in his praise or allow myths to grow. I nipped the false impression in the bud. Probably due to one of my biggest influences when I was younger. Why We Must Debunk Extraordinary Claims About Memory James Randi was a magician and professional skeptic who spent decades challenging people to demonstrate and validate their claims to have super powers of concentration. He even offered a million-dollar prize if they could prove their claims true. That’s a lot of coin, so it’s hard to believe that more people didn’t rush to get tested. Their absence says everything, don’t you think? I’ve read that the Randi prize was eventually terminated following his death, but it’s still worth knowing about and considering for its decades-long promotion of critical thinking. If we don’t promote critical thought ourselves, we risk having more and more gullible people roaming the earth. And we wind up with people thinking that everything is about memory and not another very important ingredient. Recall Without Understanding Is Not Enough Being able to recall what you read is not just about retention. Parrots can retain and repeat, after all. The results most people want involve (and should involve) developing deep understandings of written material. And content in any medium, for that matter. This point is important because you want to turn raw information into knowledge that leads to wisdom. This was a point made by Thomas Aquinas that still holds true. But to weave data and information into wisdom is likely only possible if you stop chasing after useless fantasies and worrying about which memory method or style is better than the others. The only method that ultimately matters is the one that: You’ll actually use Gets you results reliably But if concentration works on its own for some people without using any kind of mnemonic method, what can I say? Rock and roll. Good for them and hurray. Personally, I’ll stick with memory techniques that can be, have been and will continue to be tested by authentic memory champions and polymaths in the future. With their level of skill in mind, let me give you a brief overview of how I suggest you go about tackling books. A Practical Formula for Memorizing Key Content From Books The path I suggest you follow is simple. Build at least one Memory Palace based on a familiar location Encode information inside of it using strongly elaborated mnemonic images Practice with material you care about in addition to books, such as poems, speeches, names and anything else you want to remember Recall the information using Recall Rehearsal (the Magnetic Memory Method term for a simple spaced repetition procedure that harnesses the power of the primacy effect and recency effect using serial positioning) Work on improving your selective attention skills Keep studying accelerated learning techniques for life You might also find my walkthrough on memorizing Sanskrit phrases useful. Apart from the passages from Shakespeare I shared in my Anthony Hopkins case study, memorizing verbatim from ancient Sanskrit books comprise the longest passages I’ve committed to memory. I’ve worked up to over 2000 words. If you’d like similar results, the best place to start is with a proper understanding of Memory Palace development. That’s why I created this free memory improvement course: It walks you through the process step-by-step with tutorial videos and worksheets. That way, you can stop wondering about whether memory techniques will work for you and start proving it to yourself with information you actually want to remember. And real memory training will stop the temptations and seductions of myths. As interesting as these stories might be, if they can’t be reproduced, they don’t matter.

    Full show notes at the publisher

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