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    Education

    Anthony Metivier’s Magnetic Memory Method Podcast

    Learn, Memorize And Recall Anything Using Memory Techniques, Mnemonics And A Memory Palace Fast

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    Latest Episodes:
    7 Signs of Genius (& How to Work Towards High Intelligence) Jul 12, 2023
    Show notes

    Is it a sign of genius if you sound like a walking encyclopedia during a conversation? Or are you just annoying? How about being able to rattle off the names of every political leader in the history of your country? And their key contributions? Although such abilities might be signs of extreme intelligence, they could indicate something else. In my view, we need to be careful when throwing around terms like “high intelligence” and “genius.” Many people tend to have tunnel vision and think of genius as a very narrow repertoire of abilities. But as you’re about to discover, true signs of a high IQ operate quite differently. So let’s dive into the most common signs of true genius and pick up some tips on how to improve your intelligence along the way. What Does It Mean to be a “Genius?” Ever heard of a “genie in a bottle”? Although the word “genius” is probably not directly related to the Arabic Jinn where this mythical idea comes from, there are similarities between the words. Our word genius in English descends from the Latin for “guardian deity or spirit which watches over each person from birth.” It also can mean wit and talent, or even generative power. And that’s what we usually mean today: a genius has some kind of powerful intelligence or enhanced ability to create something or perform with skill. The individual might display linguistic intelligence, musical mastery or even draw upon synesthesia or hyperphantasia if they have such conditions. https://youtu.be/p84AmBUl7qo The Science Behind Finding Signs of Genius Right or wrong, there’s a lot of folk wisdom around what genius means. The term is thrown around fast and loose and a lot of people get duped into thinking they are less intelligent as a result. But scientists have spent quite a lot of time and energy trying to nail down where exactly the brain produces intelligence. Einstein’s brain was preserved for study, and reportedly even stolen at one point. Scientists noted a certain thickness to parts of Einstein’s brain, but this probably had more to do with his deliberate practice of music than physics. In the 80s, Norman Geschwind and Albert Galaburda created a watershed of ways to think about how intelligence develops when they dug into the topic in Cerebral Lateralization. These neurologists demonstrated the different ways the left and right hemispheres of the brain develop and theorize why some people have larger right hemispheres than others. Frankly, this data is very important to consider in addition to studying people with the highest IQ scores. “Reverse Psychology” Often, scientists need to look at brains that have undergone traumatic brain injury to help them draw conclusions about how different areas of the brain related to intelligence. That, or they study the brain scans of neurodiverse people experiencing autism, savantism or even a condition called hyperthymestic syndrome that creates the illusion of photographic memory. It’s important to study these alternative cases because we see a lot of new trends emerging recently. There’s also not really such a thing as a “normal” brain. The most recent studies of chess players, for example, have shown no special transference of their playing skills to intelligence in other realms. But you’d think there would be, especially when using memory techniques for chess. Aren’t grandmasters trained to make critical decisions? Yes, but that doesn’t mean they transfer to any other aspect of life. Now that we have more data and better ways of parsing it, earlier conclusions about chess players and enhanced critical thinking abilities are no longer considered true. In other words, if you want to increase your IQ, it’s helpful to look at many examples and focus your attention on activities that do transfer. And since the ego is involved when trying to improve your intelligence, you’ll need to overcome many critical thinking barriers. To help you with that, let’s look closer at the different ways our society thinks of genius and “reverse engineer” how we can improve our own minds. 7 Signs of High Intelligence That Could Indicate Genius As we go through this list, there’s no order of importance to consider. However, each of the genius traits I’ll cover have something to tell us about how we can make ourselves smarter. Let’s dive in! One: Intense Interest In a 1992 essay, “Why Children Follow in their Parents’ Career Footsteps,” Laband and Lentz pin everything on how kids observe their parents. Social forces like economic potential by going into other fields plays a much smaller role. Laband and Lentz even argue that genetics isn’t nearly as powerful in determining a child’s future career. This conclusion is different from Francis Galton’s notion of Hereditary Genius. Galton thought genetics was so important, he argued for eugenics. Want to be a genius? Forget about nature vs. nurture. If you have an intense interest in something, that’s a sign you could be a genius in that field. Pursue it. Part of developing higher intelligence comes down to looking your situation in the face, acknowledging it and following your dreams anyway. Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Bruno, Darwin, Tolstoy… all of the great writers, artists, musicians and scientists we hold in high regard hold in common two things: They had an intense interest in their chosen field They went against all social obstacles stacked against them to pursue their passion In other words, genius is not a thing. It’s an action and it lies in the choice to pursue your dreams. If this bold claim makes sense to you, but you still feel stuck, try these mental strength exercises. Two: Interrogate the Truth Using Critical Thinking Whereas some people mindlessly join groups like Mensa without taking a second to look at its history and politics, the comedian Jamie Loftus infiltrated their ranks and exposed what’s really going on. (Spoiler Alert: On the final episode of her podcast, Loftus reveals that members think intelligence is fixed, which science and critical thinking reveals cannot be the case.) You don’t have to do this kind of immersion journalism yourself to develop higher intelligence. The point is to poke around. Ask philosophical questions. Don’t take things at face value. Asking questions is one of the smartest things you can do. Who knows? You might find tremendous value in a self-described “high iq” group like Mensa. But you might also wonder why, if they’re so intelligent, they need to take down their critics as they did to popular YouTuber, Flammable Maths? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WM-pVUvi7a4 Wouldn’t such high IQ people use their intelligence to tackle anything they found uncouth in such social commentary in a more distinguished way? In reality, there are all kinds of people who want to teach you how to be smarter. A lot of them rely on you to be naive and won’t help you interrogate the truth. As someone in this business myself, I still find the depths to which certain charlatans will go shocking. And with AI helping people scan websites and “memory hole” any criticism of their business interests, being willing to interrogate the truth (and admit any wrongs along the way) is one of the biggest signs of genius out there. Three: Slow Logic, Not “Speed Rationality” is Linked to Genius Thinking Humans are computing machines. Information comes in, our brains examine the symbols and we spit out a response. Our ancestors noticed this and early on in history tried to help us slow down. For example, Ramon Llull developed memory wheels for improved critical thinking and enhanced memory. A 90 BCE book called Rhetorica Ad Herennium helped speakers use logic and reason better, especially in court. Instead of rapid fire responses a debater might regret, this book helps you think structurally through how arguments work. When you respond, you use structure to explain and validate your point. Our world is filled with people who sound smart, but they’re just computing quickly. It’s word salad, not genius. Look for people who consider their thoughts, speak in measured tones and work on doing so yourself. Four: Courage For The Unorthodox I believe we all have some kind of attraction to “weird” and unconventional ideas. But often we suppress them out of fear that we’ll be judged. When you use the slow rationality tip I’ve just shared, however, you can be interested in even the strangest things and explain yourself in a way the endears you to the masses. Look at Stephen King. Sure, he’s got his detractors. But overall, he’s into some dark and bizarre stuff. And he sells millions of books, millions of people watch movies based on them and his interviews on YouTube rank in the millions of views. All because he has the courage to lean into strange and unorthodox ideas. Of course, not everyone is Stephen King. Or into the genres he writes about. So if you’re interested in a way to combine your interest in learning with a bit of the weird, check out some of the experiments in lucid dreaming and remote viewing covered by the accomplished mnemonist Nelson Dellis in Everyday Genius. Five: Embrace Mistakes with a Growth Mindset & Reflective Thinking Learning involves taking on chaos. You find structure and paths along the way by shining light into the darkness. So many people email me that they’re afraid of making mistakes. Or they display an unrealistic need to understand the Memory Palace technique I teach “correctly” the first time they use it. Avoiding mistakes is not only impossible. It’s not even desirable. Every learning cycle needs errors. Geniuses also need to run into learning plateaus. And to overcome them, the best memory athletes we have use reflective thinking and journaling. Memory athletes like Johannes Mallow use journaling in a particular way to identify errors and weak spots in order to fix them. Six: Teach Yourself In Genius: A Very Short Introduction, Andrew Robinson quotes the 19th century polymath Thomas Young. After studying at three of the most famous universities in the world, Young concluded: Whoever would arrive at excellence must be self-taught. Part of Young’s critique of the universities involved the quality of the students. He observed that people seemed to go to school to be motivated by outside factors But the way you can find your inner genius is to find motivation within yourself. Once you’ve done that, there’s more information on the Internet than ever before. As Scott Young has demonstrated, it’s possible to get degrees at major universities without attending them. He calls his self-study process, “Ultralearning.” Seven: Control Your Environment So many people fail to experience the full potential of the genius they already have because they cram or study in highly distracting environments. I used to study on the bus all the time myself, but it was never ideal. By doing some self-analysis and structuring my time, I quickly worked out the best places to study. With a bit of scheduling and clever positioning of your body in front of the most important books, anyone can read faster. When you’re able to reduce distractions, your focus and concentration will automatically go up. As Harry Lorayne pointed out many times during his career, memory starts with attention. So enable yourself to pay focused attention and your genius will automatically go up. Examples of geniuses who controlled their environment? Einstein in the sciences, just about every artist and philosopher and most students with an edge. And it’s not just about learning. People with military and martial arts skills are also highly attuned to their environment, and their skills involve and connect with memory and multiple intelligences too. In fact, one major skill is the skill of being able to learn new skills quickly. That way, you’re able to take your current level of genius and compound it. You can do this through habit stacking or the kind of study program I suggest in Read with Momentum. Powerful Ways To Improve Your Memory and Raise Your IQ Now that you’ve discovered the signs of high intelligence and learned how to model them, let’s get into a few practical tricks of the trade. Practice each of these and you’ll find your smarts soaring. To master each, all you need to do is start putting them into practice. And now you know all about controlling your time, environment and shutting out anyone who thinks what you’re doing is unorthodox. (Or at least not letting them shut you down.) Master Your Memory It’s essential to improve your memory. There are many techniques you can pursue, and here are some of the best: Method of loci Major System PAO System Number Rhyme Don’t worry if exploring these ancient memory techniques makes you feel like a kid again. That’s another major sign of genius: the ability to play! Explore Unconventional Learning Techniques Accelerated learning has so much to offer, even if some of the techniques need a bit of time to explore. I’m thinking specifically of tactics like: Mind mapping Enhanced note taking Magnetizing your flash cards Enhancing Anki Advanced spaced repetition Using Zettelkasten The techniques I’ve just listed are used by people keen to use strategic thinking and develop long-term vision. They help formulate big picture overviews and map the territory needed to achieve big goals. Not only that, but it creates the confidence needed to step into the unknown. It’s not that geniuses are unafraid. It’s that they temper the fear with robust learning tactics. That way, they can feel nervous and take action anyway. Nurture Curiosity & Creativity Someone emailed me recently that he turned one of my many personal mantras into a desktop image on his computer: Action reveals, Stasis Conceals I love that this subscriber to my teaching sent this because he has embedded a sign of genius onto a surface he sees every day. It’s a genius move itself. Memory is a miraculous thing, and well worth training. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t create cues. In fact, the science of context-dependent memory strongly suggests that we should make wisdom as visible to ourselves as possible. Using signs that remind us to operate as our highest possible selves is another form of environmental control. Reminders like these help you continue to be curious and take action on your inherent thirst for knowledge. It will help you continually take action that introduces and re-introduces you to your unique brilliance. Embrace Your Genius Traits Tony Buzan used to say that we are all born genius artists and scientists. Conditioning through observing our parents, teachers and co-workers beats it out of many of us. But it doesn’t have to be that way. You can spot the signs of genius already within you by making a plan right now to start playing more freely and more scientifically with your interests. Make an unwavering commitment to excellence, but don’t fall prey to perfectionism. Unlock your extraordinary potential by studying more about what you’ve read here today, but not to the point of information overwhelm. Also make sure that you take action on the suggestions you’ve just encountered. And if you need help with the memory improvement part, get my free memory course now: Remember: Action reveals. And so much of genius and higher intelligence is in the action. If not all of it.

    Full show notes at the publisher

    German Phrases: The Ultimate How To Learn German Phrases Guide Jul 12, 2023
    Show notes

    How I Memorized German Phrases Every Day For A Year Guest post by Richard Gilzean Note: What follows is a deconstruction of the steps I took (and continue to take) to improve my German. But rest assured, these same steps will work for memorizing phrases in any language. Sound good? Regardless of whether you’ve been learning a second or third language for a while, or just starting out, this approach to memorizing foreign languages will help you. In the beginning was the Word SENTENCE. You might be wondering: Why learn German phrases and not just individual words? Good question. The answer is that we all read, write, listen and speak in sentences, or fragments thereof. The sentence is at the core of any language and learning to master the sentence should be considered. Even the most basic language guide book for travelers teach simple German phrases that follow syntax. Don’t get me wrong. Words are beautiful in their own right. We all should invest in the time to learn what a word means and how to best use it. And this is achieved by working those words into sentences as you work on your bilingualism. How I Built My “Internal GPS” (And You Can Too) Before launching into memorizing my first German phrase, I designed the Memory Palace system that would store them. I’ve been interested in the art and craft of memory training and self-improvement for a couple of years. But I only really started to use Memory Palaces for language learning specifically after coming across Anthony’s book How to Learn and Memorize German Vocabulary which, in turn, led me to the Magnetic Memory Method website. Recommended resource: The Magnetic Memory Method Masterplan. Anthony’s approach to teaching anyone how to learn, memorize and recall vocabulary, names, mathematical formulas and pretty much anything that can be memorized is both well-structured and comprehensive. So I’ll just highlight the essential components as they relate to learning languages and all of you who have been following Anthony’s site will be familiar. Have a store of real locations to house your sentences. Imagine real concrete / tangible objects or people that are creative, vivid, colorful and zany. Therefore, not just an elephant, but a pink pygmy elephant with Dumbo-like ears and with a runny trunk. Schedule time for practice so the sentence can work its way into your long-term memory. You’ll need to draw from your own personal memory bank a real location in which to store your sentences. It can be a place you know well, like the house you live in, or the place where you grew up that holds its own strong memories. It can be a route you follow regularly, such as a park or your daily commute from home to work. With a little practice you can come up with more than enough Memory Palaces. While there are some general guidelines about how to make your Memory Palace effective, there is a lot of divergent opinion on how to make best use of your own Memory Palaces because no two thought processes are alike. Because I knew I would need a large location to hold my expanding sentences, I chose a route that ran from the front door of my house, along the street, through a local park and over to my son’s local primary school – some 400 meters in total. From AA to ZZ: Where I Keep My Memorized German Phrases But before you set off on your journey, you’ll need to figure out your memory anchors. Think of the process like mental orienteering where you go for a jog in your mind along a set trail and arrive at control points along the way. To help, I created an excel spreadsheet with an index of initials for names of famous people, friends and cartoon characters, running all the way from AA to ZZ. This process took a little time to work through and I made some compromises along the way. In particular, I left out the letters Q – X – Y (just too hard to come up with names). I ended up with a list of 600 names running from Andre Agassi to the bearded rockers from the band ZZ Top. Six hundred names means, in theory, I am able to memorize at least 600 foreign language sentences. Running alongside my list of names I also have a separate list of 100 what I refer to as my memory tag words. These words use the well-established mnemonic Major Method which is a technique used to aid in memorizing numbers and has been used in memorize shopping lists, the sequence of a shuffled pack of card and memory competitions. The Major Method works by converting numbers into consonant sounds, then into words by adding vowels. How To Choose Which Phrases To Memorize Armed with my list of 600 names and 100 Major System tag words, I now have the memory anchors in place to hold my German sentences. I also have the memory route from my house to my son’s primary school. There is a smorgasbord of foreign language sites out there to choose from, but the question is, which phrases should I memorize in order to get the best results for building fluency in German. I subscribe to the German Flashcards section of a website run by Learn With Oliver for collecting many German phrases. It contains an easy to navigate database of material to assist you in learning several of the most common languages. The site produces a daily e-letter with a word and phrase of the day, an audio recording of the text plus a whole bunch of other useful resource material. From this site I have taken almost all of my German phrases. That’s because it’s important to focus on your target language. Once I have material to work with, my approach is to review the phrases I want to memorize and make sure that I am comfortable with the etymology. I also want to develop an understanding of grammar by memorizing at least the basics. I then copy the sentences and the English translation into a spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is made up of the following columns: Initials running from AA to ZZ The English sentence The German sentence My mnemonic interpretation (this is explained below) The full names of my AA – ZZ group My 100 tag words Here’s an example: Here’s how I’ve adapted my practice from memorizing single words to whole German phrases. As you can see, I’ve front-loaded three of the components into the sentence. They include the initials of a well-known/memorable name (Michelle Obama), the English translation (no problem) and the tag word (hail). By splicing these three components into the sentence I’ve built an imaginative cross reference for whenever I need to recall the German phrase “Keine Ursache!” the rest of this mnemonic interpretation follows some established mnemonic guidelines. German sayings like this are powerful to have in memory – just make sure to also include funny German phrases as you learn the language. Personally, however, I suggest avoid learning German insults – you might wind up blurting them out at inopportune moments! If you’re stuck on finding any material to learn and memorize at all, one tip for finding good German phrases is to search Google for “German phrases PDF.” Carrying on: For the word “keine” I thought of Keyser Soze, who some of you may recall as the evil dude Kevin Spacey played in the film “The Usual Suspects”. For the word “Ursache” I broke it down into two images, one for “UR” and one for “SACHE” and came up with Keith URban (well-known country singer) + SACK. I then imagined Keyser (rhyming with kaiser and which just happens to be an example of German vocabulary) shoving URban into a SACK. Don’t forget to take the time to imagine this scenario with crazy, vivid, memorable images. Gimpy-legged Keyser shoving guitar-wielding URban into a big smelly potato SACK works for me. If you have troubles with creating images like these, try these 5 Sensory Memory Exercises. If You Can Imagine A Castle, You Can Use Memory Techniques To Boost Your German Fluency Let’s take these ideas and incorporate them into a more challenging sentence. Is it worth visiting this castle? = Lohnt es sich diese Burg zu besuchen? Jacques Tati is king of a CASTLE in a MoVie starring Lindsay LOHAN playing the role of ESther who is throwing up SICK over DIESEL (a musician I know) after eating a BURGer served by ZUlu armed with a BAZOOKa. In this case I’m using some mnemonic shorthand. Again, I’ve loaded three of the components at the front of the sentence Jacque Tati / Castle / Movie. Jacque Tati (famous French film actor and director) is my famous name and CASTLE is a single image I want to use represent the entire sentence. It’s a concrete image that is easy to visualize. (Is there anyone who can’t imagine a castle?) The third component is the word “MOVIE” which is number 38 in my 100 memory tags. For the rest of the exercise you should be able to make the connection between my sentence and the similar sounding words in the German phrase. How To Make The Most From Mnemonic Shorthand Regardless of whatever foreign language you want to master, you’ll soon figure out the high frequency words and syllables and will want settle on some shorthand images to help you form your mnemonic sentences. For example, I’ve settled on the following shorthand for these common German words: es = it. For this word I use an image of a family member whose name is Esther. ich = I. Here I just imagine “ItCHy”, the mouse from The Simpson’s cartoons. der = multiple meanings including: the (masculine definite article) (definite article for genitive and dative singular feminine and genitive plural) who which that one, this one I found some mnemonic shorthand harder to imagine than others. In what is probably an understatement, the German language has many words with the prefix ‘ge’. After much trial and error, I settled on an image of GoethE as my go-to guy for the ‘ge’ words. But if GoethE doesn’t make sense to your imagination and you encounter an issue Anthony talked about in his Remember Names At Events podcast, you might think that Agent Maxwell Smart from the GEt Smart television series works better for you. Or perhaps someone more contemporary comes to mind. The important thing is that you learn to link figures with information so that you can recall it at will. This skill comes in handy in many ways, particularly when trying to memorize German genders. For example, in all instances of “der” I use an 80’s television character DERrick from the popular German detective series. How To Get Ikea To Optimize Your Memory Palace Now, you may be thinking: Do I really need to be able to recall all of my mnemonic sentences? Answer: No. I’ve found that once a schedule of recall practice is established you’ll be able to rely on the processing power of your mind to summon the sentence. The next problem I had to solve concerned mental real estate. I now had in place my daily practice of learning and memorizing new German phrases and placing them along my chosen route. But I eventually realized I was running out of stations along my route and I wanted to get more benefit out of the site of this Memory Palace. My solution was to use a system of alphabetical modular shelving – think Ikea wall units – in which to place my mnemonic imagery. So when it came time to assign German phrases to my prepared list of EA to EZ letters, instead of using up 23 separate places (remember letters Q, X and Y are out) along the route, I imagined a rather large E-shaped white Ikea wall unit with 23 compartments at the next station along the path. And in each compartment I would place my mnemonic interpretation of whatever German sentence I was learning that day. Kind of like the dioramas I used to help my son make for his school projects. Forging The Memory Chain Using Recall And Difference The main advantage I’ve found with using what I call my double-bind memory link strategy (i.e. initials plus memory tag words) is that if I happen to forget one when practicing my recall I can usually rely on the other one to help me out. Take up this practice and you’ll see quick results too. Memory Palaces do not have to be photographic / perfect representations – they just need to be consistent with how you recall them in your mind. Once I’ve memorized a batch of 23 sentences to the point where I can mentally recall the sentences forwards, backwards and in some random order, I use a simple spaced repetition system that involves setting a date in my Google calendar with a title like – “LA – LZ 1 week”. I then mentally run through my recall, check my responses on the spreadsheet and, if I get them correct, will reset the next recall for two weeks, followed by 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months. If I’m not happy with my recall practice I’ll review the mnemonic sentence I’ve constructed and practice again a few days later. I recommend you rehearse your phrases out loud because you need to hear the sounds your voice makes. Make a practice of writing them out by hand as a way of reinforcing the learning. For extra bonus points you might like to record the sentences and listen to them when you’re out and about. That pretty well sums up what I’ve achieved in a short period of time. This method takes the key features found on Magnetic Memory Method site and tweaks them to get the best value out of your Memory Palace. Try creating warehouses in your own Memory Palaces using the alphabetical system outlined. My German phrases continues to swell and grow. So far I’ve gone from Andre Agassi to Van Halen. That’s about 500 sentences. Sprechen, Lesen, Schreiben und Hōren (Speak German, Read, Write & Listen) As I mentioned at the start of this post we all write, listen, read and speak in sentences and German phrases. Learning to speak and understand any foreign language with fluency requires application to all four components in equal measure. The method of memorizing vocabulary and entire sentences I’ve described ticks all four boxes. Of course, you’ll need to get out there and road test your German phrases (or those in the language you’re studying) in real world situations to become comfortable with your newly acquired knowledge. All good language learners say so, including polyglot Luca Lampariello when he describes language as a kind of net. If you’ve found this training on memorizing German phrases helpful, or you’d like some clarification on the points, please contact me at richard@richardgilzean.com. Viel Gluck! Richard Gilzean is a writer and blogger specialising in creating content for small business owners, entrepreneurs and corporate clients. He has thirty years of writing, research and training experience in corporate and government sectors. Whether you want to create great content to boost traffic to your website or you’re looking for a professional writer who can tell your story in your voice, Richard can help. Check out his freelance writing website here.

    Full show notes at the publisher

    The Science of Mental Imagery: From Perception to Mnemonics Jul 06, 2023
    Show notes

    Mental imagery describes your brain’s ability to do something amazing: You can literally recreate sensory experiences without experiencing external stimuli. In other words, you can “see,” “hear,” “feel” and even experience concepts purely by imagining them. Or can you? There’s tons of data about what mental imagery is. Oodles of opinions. Lots of debates. And unfortunately, very little consensus. That’s fine. That’s what science is all about. But when it comes to memory, both in terms of psychology and using the Magnetic Memory Method to achieve your learning goals, you need a better definition of mental imagery. And on this page, you’re going to get it. Not only will you discover everything you need to know about mental imagery’s role in psychological perception. You’ll also be able to use your newfound understanding to transform abstract data into memorable experiences, making your learning more effective, efficient and fun. Ready? Let’s dive in! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88N_0mQQXo8 What Is Mental Imagery? In cognitive psychology, the definition of mental imagery is straightforward. It’s usually defined as “the ability to create and manipulate images in one’s mind without direct sensory input.” But “images” aren’t just pictures or visual representations. We’re also talking about how the mind produces and manipulates auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory experiences. Other people think of mental imagery in terms of visualization techniques for success, either in business or sports performance. That’s perfectly valid too. I often pre-visualize myself giving a speech and used to rehearse entire concerts in my mind before going out on tour with my band, The Outside. How the Philosophy of Mental Imagery Differs From the Science Then there are the philosophical debates. In many them, many scholars of mental imagery challenge to the point of dismissal some of the most interesting findings in books like The Case for Mental Imagery. In that interesting work, Stephen Kosslyn party treats mental imagery as spatial and suggests there’s a 1:1 correspondence between the location of images in the world and where the brain stores them in memory. Although the philosophical debates are not without reflective thinking, those dismissing Kosslyn seem to be pleading for their own special definition. I’m all for the pursuit of truth, but sometimes it gets to be a bit much. Mental Imagery in Other Fields (Like Memory Training) There’s also the role of mental imagery and mindfulness, not to mention the neuroscience of mental imagery. But for our purposes in the world of memory training, let’s expand how we approach these mental experiences. That way we can improve our use of mnemonics. To begin, here’s a core principle I’ve found useful with my memory coaching clients for many years: Mental imagery is an experience in the mind that resembles how you could potentially interact with real people, places and objects. This definition assumes that everything imaginary is based on an extension of the real world. And personally, I take the real world to include concepts, something I’ve taught for years as the “conceptual mode,” part of KAVE COGS. The Conceptual Aspect of Images in the Mind This might sound a bit far out there, but as William Marx highlights in his 2025 book, Libraries of the Mind, mental imagery has always existed far beyond the merely visual. In fact, mental imagery is spatial and perhaps even something that operates much like life itself. As he points out, libraries house interconnected networks of knowledge and experiences that influence the future and reshape the “image” of how we perceive the past. We also are able to experience books that don’t yet exist, drawing future works from mental shelves that can help us understand what we are reading in the present. Nonetheless, the notion of what counts as a mental image remains controversial. To help find firmer footing, let’s take a look at some of the angles that help substantiate our basic working definition. Iconic Memory Iconic memory typically involves brief experiences of mental imagery. These images reside in short term memory and are typically disregarded. Daydreaming, for example, is often completely forgotten seconds after the fantastic images enter the mind. Or, your iconic memories may be striking enough to enter long term memory. They could even be as strong as flashbulb memories. Some studies show that this kind of mental imagery helps with human movement through space as well. There’s also potentially a relationship between these rapid mental images and verbal memory. For example, the experience of mental images may not have any words involved. But experiencing a quick mental image prompts you to speak. It doesn’t provide the exact words per se, but is a deep generator of the message. In sum: If you do or say something, this theory suggests that the image comes first, then the action. Imagination Did you ever play with an imaginary friend? Or even develop an entire paracosm of them? If so, you’ve experienced a subjective mental state that no one can observe but you. Your imaginary friend may appear and fade, sometimes feel concrete in your mind, other times abstract. Either way, this kind of mental imagery leads to more than just fun. It can help you be creative, use memory techniques better and even solve problems. The question here that no one has an answer to is this: can you invent anything in your mind? Or does mental imagery always need a starting point or some kind of association? Personally, I think everything is connected in a wave of relations. Anything that seems original is always born out of something that already existed. As the literary theorist Northrop Frye put it, “all poems come from other poems.” His point is important, especially when we think of mental imagery in art and creativity at large. As Lynne Kelly has pointed out in The Knowledge Gene, creativity is ultimately about making connections. Why some people do this and others don’t is ultimately a question of motivation more than the state of mental imagery itself. Mnemonic Images Using associations in pairs is well-known in the psychology of learning to be essential, particularly in areas like reading. Phonological awareness, for example, has been shown in studies to help with many aspects of literacy. As my colleague in memory, Richard Ruben, has pointed out, people without phonological awareness struggle to use mnemonics. If they haven’t been taught to sound out the alphabet, they struggle later to make paired associations, for example. In fact, every letter of the alphabet is a paired association of at least a shape and a sound. Overall, mnemonic images are essential to learning faster and remembering more. In the case of using mnemonics as part of your studies, mental imagery helps extensively in combination with the Memory Palace technique as people imaginatively tie associations to loci. Medical students, for example, rapidly form memories by using mental imagery. In fact, medical mnemonics is a huge industry, covering everything from anatomy, to pharmaceutical terms and information related to nursing. Without paired associations made possible by mental imagery, people would have to rely solely on rote learning. If you struggle to use these techniques and find yourself constantly falling back on rote, try these sensory memory exercises. They should help you feel more confident with the layers of mental imagery available to you. In fact, if you attend to them closely enough, you could become as fast, if not faster, than a mnemonics dictionary. For serious Memory Palace users, keep in mind that you can use virtual Memory Palaces. These are typically based on video game environments, but you can make up your own from scratch. All you have to consider is that increasing your cognitive load can make using these techniques to learn more time consuming than they need to be. Demand Characteristics Here’s a neat one: In science, it’s important not to give away too much information. If people predict or intuit what’s going on in a study involving participants, they can skew the results. This is because participating in a study creates pictures in your mind – think of the icon part of iconic memory. And it’s not just that you think about what the study might be about. As we’ve seen, iconic memory dictates how we behave physically. How do scientists deal with demand characteristics? Their tactics include everything from double-blind studies to outright deception. Dual-Coding Theory This theory suggests that there’s a division between what you imagine visually and your verbal intelligence. Essentially, the dual coding effect started with Allan Paivio who published over two hundred articles on this topic. I find the theory problematic myself because his distinction between analogue codes and symbolic codes seems problematic. The first deals with anything in your visual perception. Symbolic codes deals strictly with words. But aren’t words perceived too? And in a variety of ways? I can imagine the alphabet visually without tying it to a sound and imagine a sound wave produced by a technology I might not even know by name. Alternative theories include propositional representation, parallel distributed processing, cognitive mapping and a number of constructivist theories that you might want to look at. How Does Mental Imagery Compare with Perception? Mental imagery and perception are two crucial processes that shape our understanding of the world. While both involve the representation of sensory information, they exhibit unique characteristics and play distinct roles in our cognitive experiences. Mental imagery, often described as the ability to create sensory experiences in the absence of external stimuli, allows us to mentally represent and manipulate sensory information. Of course, there are people without a mind’s eye (aphantasia) who are still able to do exactly this, creating a puzzle about what exactly imagery is in the mind, imagination and various stages of memory. Similarly, perception involves the interpretation of sensory input from the external environment to form our conscious experience. We need this in order to enjoy the benefits of sensory learning. Yet, there are people who cannot see, hear or feel with their limbs. They still manage to navigate the world and learn all kinds of things and use the major types of memory to learn and navigate the world. At the end of the day, I’m convinced that mental imagery and perception are not separate, but joined at the hip in some very special ways. And when it comes to using mental imagery as a mnemonic learning tool, this study demonstrates just how effective it can be for improving working memory, long-term memory and even fluid intelligence. Unlimited Imagination? Perception, with its emphases on access to actual learning material and your physical surroundings, is obviously bound by sensory input and material constraint. Our perception is literally limited by the information available from our senses and the physical properties of the objects and events in the external world. Some people will argue that mental imagery is more flexible and unconstrained by the same physical limitations. They suggest that we can create vivid mental images that defy the laws of physics or imagine events that surpass the boundaries of our sensory experiences. Although this may be true, the strength of our ability to do so comes down to reference and practice. By reference, I mean how well you read and how much. In order to imagine flexibly, you need deliberate practice with worthwhile books. We will always be limited by both perception and mental imagery, but we can expand our limits by constantly learning. Mental Imagery FAQs Still got questions? Here are some quick answers to the most common questions about this form of mental experience. What is mental imagery? This term usually refers to the mind’s ability to recreate a variety of sensory experiences without external stimuli. A short list includes visual, auditory, kinaesthetic (or tactile) olfactory and gustatory sensations. In the Magnetic Memory Method, we add emotional, conceptual and spatial mental experiences to expand our skills set with mnemonics. Doing so is useful for achieving ambitious learning goals, like memorizing the key points in a textbook. If you’d like that skill, here’s my full guide on how to extract and memorize textbook material realistically. What are some other types of mental imagery? The exact list depends on who you ask. But some interesting examples we haven’t covered today include: Your sense of number Distance Dream imagery Imagining controlling your body without actually doing it (which is essentially kinaesthetic) Thinking symbolically, metaphorically, or poetically How is mental imagery different than visualization? In a word, you can have mental experiences without seeing them in your mind. But typically when we talk about visualization, some kind of visual, mental picture is involved. Can mental imagery be developed or improved? Yes. Memory training, brain exercise, neurobics and other activities like learning music, languages and math will help. Will using AI tools like Chat-GPT weaken my mental imagery? Although the risk exists, I don’t believe it has to harm your mental abilities at all. As I discussed a short while ago with the host of the OpenAI podcast, Andrew Mayne on this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, the future is bright for people who learn to use these tools. It’s helpful to understand that some of the reason why people experience fear around new technologies is mental imagery itself at work. We know the old phrase “use it or lose it” is true. Technically, it’s called deskilling. And that’s going to happen as more and more people cognitively offload a lot of tasks onto artificial intelligence software programs. But when you look at the bright side, you stand a chance of having way more personal time to paint, learn languages, master a musical instrument and apply memory techniques to those topics you’ve always wanted to learn. How Memory Training Improves Your Mental Imagery In order to enjoy much more interesting mental imagery that truly will expand your current limitations, you’ll want to start using memory techniques. I suggest exploring: The Journey Method Major System PAO System Number Rhymes Pegword Method Although that might seem like a lot to explore, you can rapidly learn each approach by starting with the Memory Palace technique. Get my free course in order to learn how if you’d like more help: You’ll get four clear, crisp and direct video lessons along with some worksheets that will help you understand mental imagery experientially. The learning cycle I’ll take you through in this course helps you chunk even the toughest information down into small bits of mental imagery that you won’t soon forget by using the best possible mnemonic devices. Final Thoughts: Harnessing the Power of Mental Imagery You now know that mental imagery is about a lot more than visualization. The term describes your mental ability to recreate sensory experiences without external stimuli. It’s a pivotal faculty you use every day to learning, problem-solving and creating new things. The Magnetic Memory Method leverages this ability of the mind to help you combine Memory Palaces with multi-sensory associations. Personally, I think of mental imagery as a kind of “inner language” that helps you use this mental martial art of the mind. You don’t have to embrace it this way. And that’s the point. By cultivating your own skills with mental imagery, you can imagine your own terms. You can unlock more power for achieving your learning goals and improving your cognitive enhancement. And the more you study and practice the nature of your mind, the better everything about your mental life becomes.

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Time, Tech and Memory Palaces with Ronald Johnson of The Craft of Memory Jul 05, 2023
    Show notes

    Ronald Johnson from Craft of Memory feature image for the Magnetic Memory Method PodcastThe Craft of Memory Podcast and Substack are two of the best sources of information about memory techniques to appear on the Internet for a long time.

    Ronald Johnson is behind both of them.

    Join us on this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast as Ronald and I delve into his best tips on using the Memory Palace technique.

    We embed his specific experiences and tactics in a larger discussion of history, technology, society and even how streets and roads influence our learning lives.

    As you’ll soon hear, Ronald Johnson is an incredibly knowledgeable mnemonist.

    He’s also a passionate writer seeking to preserve the joy, beauty, and wonder of natural memory and mnemonics.

    Join us now as we embark on a journey through time, technology, and advanced memory palace tactics.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N53NPR1q0tg

    Time: Unveiling the Ultimate Secret of Memory Mastery

    In our captivating discussion, Ronald and I dive deep into the realm of memory, unraveling the mysteries and exploring cutting-edge techniques that will revolutionize the way you remember information.

    We start by addressing the crucial topic of time and its impact on memory.

    Time, in its essence, is a double-edged sword.

    While technology enables us to access vast amounts of information instantly, it also poses the risk of outsourcing our memory to devices. This can lead to digital amnesia.

    To help you avoid that problem, or even worse issues (like Alzheimer’s), Ronald emphasize the importance of reclaiming the power of our own minds and uncovering the joy of natural memory.

    Focusing too much on time can also make you miss the beauty of reflective thinking.

    Although I’m not sure I agree with Ronald on one point he makes, he does provide a compelling way to think about rote learning I haven’t considered before. Given his take on the relationship between memory and time, he might just be on to something.

    The True Art of the Memory Palace

    One of the most intriguing aspects we delve into are some of Ronald’s advanced Memory Palace tactics.

    As you probably already know, Memory Palaces have been utilized for centuries as one of the most potent mnemonic techniques. It allows you to store and retrieve vast amounts of information through the creation of vivid mental landscapes.

    Ronald shares his expertise, guiding us through the intricate process of using mnemonic devices effectively. Prepare to be astounded as we unlock the secrets of this ancient art and discover firsthand how Memory Palaces can transform your learning experience.

    The Craft of Memory:
    A Unique Call to Embrace Memory Mastery

    Ronald is truly unique in his approach to teaching memory techniques.

    His writing awakens in me the joy, beauty, and wonder of memory, providing a refreshing and liberating take on freeing ourselves from the constraints of a forgetful age.

    I’m confident that by listening to Ronald’s podcast, and especially reading his Craft of Memory Substack, you’ll find yourself adopting the techniques and insights in new ways.

    Ready to revolutionize your memory?

    Don’t miss out on Ronald’s transformative insights and the many practical tips provided through his media. Here’s where to find him online:

    The Craft of Memory on Substack

    The Craft of Memory on Apple Podcasts

    The Craft of Memory on Spotify


    From Nervousness to Mastering Tough Nursing Knowledge Jun 28, 2023
    Show notes

    Rose Szwed tough nursing knowledge feature imageRose Szwed was doing great with some aspects of learning nursing fundamentals, and using mnemonics to help learn some of the more complex material faster.

    But some realms of the nursing knowledge she needed to master were much harder to learn.

    Especially phlebotomy.

    Rather than give up after struggling with one nursing exam in particular, Rose looked for more thorough memory techniques online.

    When she found the Magnetic Memory Method, she dove in and did exactly as I suggested:

    She modified the high-powered memory techniques I teach to her specific needs.

    As a result, Rose took the exam she had previously failed again and scored 98.22%!

    The best part?

    On this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, Rose shares her journey and her incredible success with you.

    Even if you’re not studying to be a nurse yourself, I’m sure you’ll find her successes and experience-based insights into how to apply memory techniques to complex study topics useful.

    Proper Mnemonics Make Mastering Tough Nursing Knowledge Much Easier

    Phlebotomy is also known as venipuncture.

    Although it appears simple enough, it involves a combination of semantic knowledge and procedural memory.

    First, you have to know all the names of the veins. Then there are the steps involved. That’s not to mention the equipment names, like the cannula for drawing blood.

    Of course, there’s still more to learn after all of that because phlebotomy is not just about drawing blood or knowing the order of the draw inside and out. You also have to know about intravenous therapy. For that, Rose also needed pharmacology knowledge.

    Nurses like Rose also have to navigate situations involving electrolyte imbalances and that’s just scratching the surface of the medical terminology involved.

    That’s why nursing mnemonics are so precious for medical professionals who want to succeed. And just one more reason I knew I needed to record this episode for you.

    What’s Wrong With Most Mass-Market Memory Improvement Books?

    Like many people who need to pass complicated exams, Rose went through other Memory Palace books before deciding to use the Magnetic Memory Method.

    Why did none of the books she went through prove useful?

    As I’ve discussed many times, most of them lack depth. Often they are written by memory competitors who have zero idea about what’s really involved in learning a complex topic. They’re especially ignorant when it comes to figuring out how to deal with advanced nursing topics.

    My work, on the other hand, is much more informed. My first edition of my book on How to Learn and Memorize Medical Terminology as co-written with a doctor, for example. My full program also includes a guest video lesson with an actual doctor to help explain how he’s used the Memory Palace technique to memorize causes that underly symptoms.

    That’s part of why Rose was able to succeed. There’s actual experience with applying mnemonics to learning medicine in my work. And where I haven’t got it myself, I bring in people who do from within my group of students.

    The community aspect of my teaching is so important because sometimes students come up with ways to apply memory techniques that others can reproduce. I’ll talk briefly about one angle Rose found in the next section.

    Rose’s Body Memory Palace Solution

    As you’ll learn in this episode of the MMM Podcast, Rose combined mnemonic imagery with one of the most direct and powerful of all ancient memory techniques.

    Giordano Bruno talked about using Statues in Thirty Statues. It was his solution to dealing with the “chaos” of information overwhelm.

    I’ve even turned my own body into a Memory Palace to memorize the classical solar system of the Renaissance period in Italy.

    the human body as a mnemonic device for planets

    But unlike the way Bruno used bodies with references to mythological figures, Rose went with highly memorable bodies from stage and screen.

    She used dynamic figures like Columbo, the detective played by Peter Falk. And Clark Cable in one of his most iconic movie roles.

    Although this simple solution helped Rose score 98.22% on her test, what happened next is where the truth path of memory mastery begins.

    That’s because Rose immediately started teaching others, one of the most important parts of a learning cycle you can complete.

    Episode Highlights

    Amongst many things that impress me about Rose’s uptake of memory techniques for developing her nursing knowledge, she has also led such an interesting life!

    Listen in as we discuss:

    • The benefits of reading with momentum
    • Rose’s past and previous goals with language learning
    • The value of using libraries for better memory
    • The incredible opportunities awaiting people who master their memory

    No matter what topic you’re studying, memory techniques can help you study faster and retain more for the long-term.

    If you’re completely new to the world of mnemonics. I suggest you start with the Memory Palace technique.

    Here’s a free course you can take that makes it fun, easy and will start you off on solid ground.

    Free Memory Improvement Course

    Thanks for listening and if you’d like more of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, or just want to learn more about memory skills overall, check out the previous episode on overcoming learning plateaus.

    Struggling to remember even the most complicated information is simply not necessary.


    How to Overcome Learning Plateaus with Memory Expert Tansel Ali Jun 22, 2023
    Show notes

    overcome learning plateaus feature imageLearning is a fascinating journey, but sometimes we find ourselves stuck in a rut.

    When this happens, you’re lingering in what we sometimes call a learning plateau.

    It’s not fun because you feel like your progress has stagnated. And the enthusiasm that once fueled your learning endeavors seems to fade away.

    Don’t you worry.

    With the right mindset and strategies, it’s possible to break through these plateaus and continue your educational growth.

    In this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, Tansel Ali and I delve into the psychology of learning plateaus.

    We explore effective techniques to overcome them and share our personal stories of learning everything from complex ideas in philosophy to getting our hands to perform difficult music.

    Along the way, we empower you to reignite your passion for learning.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQ3g9xEw-t0

    Understanding the Psychology of Learning Plateaus

    Learning is not merely about acquiring information.

    To truly learn involves complex cognitive processes and cognitive training that impact your ability to progress.

    When it comes to understanding how memory works as you learn, everything comes down to optimizing how mnemonics and other memory techniques allow us to retain and retrieve information more efficiently than something like rote learning.

    What’s the one of the biggest obstacles you face?

    It’s not dealing with boring topics.

    Usually, it’s cognitive fatigue that makes it harder to absorb new knowledge effectively. It typically haunts you when you fail to:

    • Eat food that improves memory
    • Avoid food that is bad for your brain
    • Consistently read books that make you smarter
    • Get sleep and exercise
    • Use spaced repetition effectively
    • Fulfill your cognitive needs

    Optimizing just that small list will help improve your ability to overcome learning plateaus.

    However, if you have a fixed mindset, you will impede your own progress. This kind of thinking is characterized by the belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits. The good news is that intelligence is not fixed, so you can change.

    All you need is a growth mindset that embraces challenges, views failures as learning opportunities, and believes in the potential for personal development. Reflective thinking helps too, especially with the next step.

    Identifying Signs of a Learning Plateau

    One common indication is a lack of progress or improvement despite consistent effort.

    You may find yourself struggling to grasp new concepts or unable to apply knowledge effectively. Additionally, a diminished interest or enthusiasm for learning can indicate the presence of a plateau. When your passion wanes, it’s crucial to address the underlying causes and reignite your curiosity.

    You could also be suffering depression, which suggests you need to see a doctor. Always seek help if you think you might have this kind of issue.

    Analyzing the Causes of Learning Plateaus

    Usually learning plateaus come from simple issues, however.

    Often, you just haven’t challenged yourself enough. Or, you’ve taken on a challenge too big and led yourself into frustration.The Victorious Mind Audiobook Cover for Audible

    In The Victorious Mind, I talk about balancing the Challenge-Frustration curve.

    Working on balancing it ensures that your learning journey will never become too routine and predictable. Your mind will never disengage and you will never be hindered while learning new skills.

    What else?

    Unfortunately, there are many charlatans out there teaching ineffective learning strategies. They think you’re naive, so they teach you pseudoscientific strategies that can impede your progress.

    I’m talking about subvocalization, incorrect approaches to skimming and scanning techniques and rubbish like photographic memory.

    Those ideas can be interesting to look at if you want to read faster. But usually they just lead you into the plateaus you want to escape.

    You also want to take into account factors like chaotic learning environments instead of optimized study locations. Insisting on studying in suboptimal areas can also contribute to plateaus.

    Overcoming Learning Plateaus: Strategies and Techniques

    There are a number of powerful accelerated learning techniques to choose from.

    Let’s examine some of my favorite.

    Deliberate Practice

    Deliberate practice involves setting specific goals, breaking tasks into manageable chunks, seeking feedback, and making adjustments based on that feedback.

    A person doing lyric analysis on paper, part of how to memorize a song.

    By focusing on deliberate practice, you will optimize the learning process and ensure steady progress. Joshua Waitzkin discusses how he mastered by chess and martial arts using this form of learning.

    His book, The Art of Learning: An Inner Journey to Optimal Performance will help you set clear objectives, stay motivated and maintain a sense of direction.

    Vary Your Learning Approaches

    Monotony contributes to learning plateaus, so it’s essential to diversify what you learn and how you learn it.

    Exploring different modalities, such as visual aids, audio materials, or hands-on experiences, stimulates engagement.

    (Don’t worry if you have aphantasia. Some people disagree with me, but I’m convinced there’s an aphantasia cure).

    When reading, I use interleaving every time. I literally switch between books normally every 15-20 minutes. It keeps my involvement high and it is a scientifically validated way to learn.

    Cultivate a Growth Mindset

    I cited a number of experts in my mental training post who promote working on a growth mindset. It truly is the foundation for continuous learning and personal growth.

    Embracing challenges, setbacks, and failures as opportunities for learning is crucial to overcoming plateaus. By reframing failures as stepping stones toward improvement, you can adopt a resilient attitude and persevere through difficulties.

    Nurturing a love for lifelong learning and understanding that abilities can be developed with effort and practice creates a positive environment for growth.

    metal relief

    A lot of people don’t want to hear that they have to work on their “grit,” but it really is the case. If you need help, complete these mental strength exercises. Frankly, I don’t know where I’d be without them.

    Become a “Metacognitive” Philosopher of Your Own Mind

    Metacognition involves thinking about your thinking, reflecting on your learning process, and monitoring and adjusting your strategies accordingly.

    I recommend you dive into this by spending some time learning philosophy. It’s probably the most important metacognitive practice out there.

    By asking philosophical questions, you’ll be practicing metacognitive strategies. The process will make you a much more self-aware learner. Plus, you’ll read many fascinating philosophy books, and their challenges will naturally develop your ability to overcome plateaus.

    Image of Anthony Metivier helping some local entrepreneurs use Thinkific in Brisbane

    Seeking Support and Accountability

    You don’t have to deal with your learning plateaus alone. You can seek support and get accountability from others.

    Your many choices include:

    • Engaging in peer learning
    • Collaborating on projects
    • Hiring a performance coach
    • Taking a course
    • Discussing on forums
    • Starting a group of your own and fulfilling the expectations of your members

    Celebrating Progress and Milestones

    Recognizing your achievements and providing yourself with rewards along the way is essential for maintaining progress. Celebrate each milestone, no matter how small. Every step signifies progress and growth.

    Just be sure to choose your rewards well. Junk food will probably set you back and ruin the effort and dedication you’ve put into your learning journey.

    Positive reinforcement with rewards that fuel your interests boosts confidence and propels you forward.

    Can You Leave Your Learning Plateaus Behind Forever?

    Ultimately, no.

    Learning plateaus are a natural part of the learning process.

    But as we’ve seen, they don’t have to hinder your progress indefinitely.

    By understanding the psychology behind plateaus, identifying the signs, and implementing effective strategies, you can overcome these obstacles and continue your educational growth, just like Tansel and I have done.

    If you want to know more about Tansel and his work, check out his homepage, his YouTube, LinkedIn and Twitter.

    And if you need more help embracing your challenges, fostering a growth mindset, and practicing deliberate, varied, and metacognitive learning techniques, get my free course now:

    Free Memory Improvement Course

    Remember:

    It is possible to stay consistent. There’s no shame in seeking support, and celebrating your achievements along the way.

    Learning is a lifelong adventure, and plateaus always present opportunities to soar to new heights.


    15 Best Memory Palace Books: Expert Guide by Anthony Metivier May 14, 2023
    Show notes

    Looking for the best Memory Palace book to truly sharpen your mind? You’re in the right spot. After decades of studying and teaching the Memory Palace technique, I’ve narrowed the field down to books that actually work. They’ve worked for me personally because I’ve tested their specific instructions based on years of research into what memory is and how it works. I know good mnemonic strategies when I see them, and am sharing all the details so you can make an informed choice when looking for a robust Memory Palace guide. In each description, I’ll explain exactly how each title helped me specifically. Many have helped my students in the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass too. This means that many of my insights are informed by what has helped them succeed in their journeys too. Stick around to the end, and I’ll show you how to apply what you learn from these books to truly boost your memory, starting today. Here’s what I’ll cover: The Best Books to Learn Memory Techniques and Improve Your Memory 3 Better Ways to Improve Your Memory Ready? Let’s get started. My Top Recommended Memory Palace Books As we get into my recommendations, this point is important: Plenty of books talk about the concept of using Memory Palaces. But this list is different. In addition to discovering books that will show you how to improve your memory, I’ve selected books that also show you how to put the technique into practice. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqZ8xTtEP04 To make it easier for you to find the right starting point, I’ve organized my recommendations into three levels: Beginner books with accessible, clear introductions that inspire you about what the technique is and what it can do for you. Intermediate books that include deeper dives into advanced applications, creative variations and historical examples you might not have encountered before. Specialized memory works that will challenge you and expand your understanding of the memory arts. Beginner Memory Palace Books When you’re just getting started, consider reading these books first. One: The Memory Palace by Lewis Smile It was a hit on Kindle when it first came out. Everyone was talking about it, and I was especially impressed when Alicia Crosby came on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. As she discussed on the show with her father, this quick read helped her quickly memorize all of Shakespeare’s plays in historical order. Not everyone will share the goals that Smile uses as an example in this book. But if you want a quick, easy and fast introduction, this is a great place to start. Two: Remember, Remember by Ed Cooke Remember, Remember is another simple introduction. Like Smile’s book, it walks you through developing a simple Memory Palace to learn a list of historically important names. And Ed Cooke is a great person to learn from. As a Grandmaster of Memory, Cooke’s also the founder of Memrise. Plus, Cooke has been immortalized in one of the most famous memory training guides of all time. That’s because he took the author of our next Memory Palace form novice to champion. Three: Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. First published in 2011, Joshua Foer’s bestseller debuted at No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list. Incredibly, it stayed on the list for eight weeks. I’ll never forget how inspired I felt when I read it after it first appeared in bookstores. To this day people email me about how fun and engaging they find it. Thanks to a combination of lived experience and expert writing style, Foer takes you on a fascinating journey through how the mind of a memory champion works. From that perspective, the book goes in-depth about the mnemonic techniques they use to store memories. A freelance science journalist, Foer learned the technique of memory training while researching the US Memory Championship. At the contest, Foer observed how people would memorize an entire deck of cards in just a couple of minutes. Foer’s Call to Adventure This skill fascinated Foer and got him interested in learning how to memorize a deck of cards himself. Foer discovered that individuals who aced memory contests used special strategies handed down from the ancient Greeks. These strategies included mnemonic visualization that taps into spatial memory. The combination of spatial memory and visualization leads to the Memory Palace technique. By visualizing a structure (such as your home), you can use these Memory Palaces to rapidly encode large amounts of information. After learning about this ancient technique, Foer decided to learn the strategy and test his own memory power. He sought out some of the most iconic figures in the field and trained based on their recommendations. A year later, Foer won the US Memory Championship against much more experienced ‘mental athletes’ who could memorize the exact order of ten shuffled decks of cards in less than an hour. It was an amazing feat, and also proof of concept that anyone can learn this technique. Foer’s book draws on thorough research, the history of memory studies, and various tricks of mental champions. But it’s the true story of someone learning the technique from scratch and rising the ranks that makes it so interesting. I have a personal connection to Moonwalking with Einstein too, an amazing association that never would have formed had I not read this guide all those many years ago. Warrior of the Mind Here’s the inside story: In the opening pages of Moonwalking with Einstein, Joshua Foer discusses a pin worn by my dearly departed friend and mentor Tony Buzan. Buzan, himself the author of The Memory Book, gave this pin to a select group of people, awarding them a special title to go with it, “Warrior of the Mind Emblem for Outstanding Contributions to Global Mental Literacy.” One day, Tony Buzan awarded the Warrior of the Mind emblem to me. I’ll never forget the day he pinned the emblem on my lapel. And because Buzan gave me this award, when you come across the part of Moonwalking with Einstein where Foer describes the pin, you now know what this special ceremonial brain cell looks like. Here’s a picture: Four: The Art of Memory by Frances Yates Published in 1966, people still reference The Art of Memory as one of the most influential books to cover the Memory Palace technique to this day. The author, Frances A. Yates, traces the development of a wide variety of mnemonic systems, from the Simonides of Ceos era through the Renaissance until the 17th century when scientific methods were initiated. As she describes in detail, the Memory Palace technique is the oldest mnemonic strategy and is also known as the method of loci. Like many guides, Yates’ book narrates the story of Simonides, who was hired by a nobleman to recite poems from memory during a banquet. After the presentation, Simonides servant called him outside to meet some people who asked for him. Before Simonides could re-enter the banquet hall after meeting two men who turned out to be Castor and Pollux, it collapsed, killing everyone inside. The collapse mangled all the bodies beyond recognition. The story goes that Simonides used his memory to recall the faces and names of every victim. After visiting each person based on where they had sat during the banquest, Simonides realized the importance of recalling facts based on their locations. That’s why the Memory Palace technique is still sometimes called the method of loci. You literally use Simonides’ method of visiting locations to recall information. Thanks to contemporary memory science, decades of memory competition records and new translations, the techniques documented by Yates are stronger than ever before. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG5Fdilr9YI For example, if a defense lawyer needs to recall evidence during a trial, he can first create mental images of a place familiar to him – maybe his home – and peg each piece of evidence to a room. During the trial, he can then recall those pieces of evidence by mentally walking through his house. But there’s more to it than memory stunts for winning court cases. In the following video, I talk about some of the problems with the book. They relate to Yates’ hotly contested interpretation of a Renaissance memory master named Giordano Bruno. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3GGcO5Cx3I&list=PLkZ2FGJhR5R9njWtWwRrkZKaq8j7OjDL3 Don’t get me wrong: The book is excellent. But my own research has shown that her interpretations of Bruno are misguided. She’s much stronger on Robert Fludd, however. I’ll introduce you to Fludd a little bit later on in this list. Five: The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci by Jonathan Spence Like The Art of Memory, Jonathan D. Spence’s The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci gives you the history of memory techniques. Except in this case, you experience the technique through the life of one man. As a biographical work, this book explores the story of a Jesuit priest named Matteo Ricci who lived during the 16th century, and how he used special mnemonic memory techniques to convert the Chinese to Christianity. The priest joined the new Catholic order, the Society of Jesus, in 1571, and studied law in Rome. At that time, the order was quite young and needed to widen its influence. To ensure success, the church sent young priests into the world to convert people to Catholicism. The story goes that Ricci became a willing member of that mission and sailed to China as a missionary. For more than three decades, Ricci used his vibrant personality to convert the Chinese to Catholicism. One fascinating aspect of the book is that Ricci knew a lot about how to memorize speeches. But with a twist. To show off his skills, Ricci would sometimes recite what he memorized backwards. Overall, this Jesuit priest believed he could convert more people by impressing them with his learning. That was when he started to use mnemonic devices to memorize huge amounts of information. One of his key tasks was to convey basic Christian principles to the Chinese people in a manner they could appreciate and learn from. So he turned to memorization techniques for help. He taught the Chinese people the art of creating Memory Palaces, helping them store several pieces of information in their mind and be able to recall it later. It’s the exact same strategy Foer discusses in Moonwalking with Einstein. But instead of competing, Ricci tried to help people overseas understand Biblical teachings through their own cultural and spiritual norms. Ricci even learned Classical Chinese so well that he wrote a book about the Memory Palace technique called Xiguo Jifa (Western Technique). Overall, I found The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci so interesting, I made it a priority to visit Ricci’s grave the first time I visited Beijing. Here’s a pic of the visit I made from my personal travel collection: Visiting the Beijing tomb of a great Chinese learner who used memory techniques like Matteo Ricci was a highlight of my life. Beyond that, Ricci inspired me to start learning Chinese. In fact, when the Chinese Language Institute in Guilin heard me talk about Spence’s study of Ricci on the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, they invited me to give a presentation at their school. I did exactly that and presenting the art of memory for them was a lot of fun. I almost felt like I was leading a life much like Ricci’s own. Although you might not wind up having an adventure like I did after reading this book, another thing I love about it is how it gives you insight into Ricci’s approach to memorizing Chinese characters. It did a lot to help me come up with my own. Six: Unlock Your Amazing Memory: The Fun Guide That Shows Grades 5 to 8 How to Remember Better and Make School Easier by Brad Zupp If your children are struggling with learning in school, Unlock Your Amazing Memory has plenty of ideas they can quickly read, understand and put to use. Zupp’s guide outlines powerful strategies that can improve memorization skills while making it a fun activity. The techniques teach young students how to remember what they see, read, and hear. As a result, they can expect better grades and more confidence in classroom settings. The best part? Studies shows that these techniques work and have helped thousands of students learning a variety of topics. That includes students who are forgetful, lack motivation, prefer some subjects over others, feel stressed out or find themselves bored in class. Teacher Tested Memory Techniques It’s also important to note that the book is based on Zupp’s show, The Feats of Memory. This is an assembly program Zupp created for both students and teachers. Teachers who have used his techniques say that it transformed the way their students processed their lessons and made tremendous improvements. The guide also dives into the main issues that affect attention span, memory and focus. This additional element makes Zupp’s book especially useful for students in grades 5 to 8. Children in grades 3 and 4 can also benefit from it with some help from parents and teachers. Zupp’s devotion to helping young people has inspired me many times over the years. I almost always recommend this book when parents ask me for suggestions to help their kids learn memory techniques. For a full review of Unlock Your Amazing Memory, you can read more about my take on Zupp’s incredible book here. Intermediate Memory Palace Books When it comes to intermediate books, my exact definition is this: They go deeper than the introductory material. That might be in the form of providing more historical context or a personal story with using memory techniques like Tony Judt does in The Memory Chalet. Or it could be that they contain additional Memory Palace exercises based on the author’s personal expertise or experiences. This is a very important consideration as you’re growing your skills: Always try to find intermediate instruction manuals from people who have provided proof of concept in the form of a demonstration. You will avoid spinning your wheels when you’re learning from people who have actually accomplished something substantial with the Memory Palace technique. Seven: Memory Craft by Lynne Kelly Perhaps the most important memory improvement author at the moment is Lynne Kelly. Her book, Memory Craft, offers a unique exploration of the Memory Palace because she embeds it in the full tradition. Her approach is unique in the field because her approach is both scholarly and deeply personal. And as a science writer, she knows a great deal about how memory works. For example, she uses a lot of neighborhood walks to form her Memory Palaces. And drawing upon the medieval aspects of the memory tradition, she uses animals linked to the alphabet to assign her mnemonic images. Kelly is also well-versed in the Aboriginal variation of the Memory Palace technique, known as the Songline. She creates memory boards (lukasa) and helps you understand how they work as mini-Memory Palaces with practical examples from her own learning projects. Overall, Memory Craft is a celebration of the diverse ways humans have committed information to memory and transmitted it. This book will not only educate you, but also provide endless fascination and inspiration as you begin your exploration of the ultimate memory technique. Eight: How to Remember Anything by Mark Channon In this book, memory Grandmaster and author Mark Channon focuses on how a radically improved memory can add more value to anyone’s personal and professional life. It is filled with memorization techniques that teach you how to recall numbers, dates, and facts, as well as ideas on how to remember them by using different processing strategies. The variety of approaches is just part of what makes Channon’s book one of the most practical ones on the art of memory improvement, however. Exercise-Based Learning It also comes with innovative exercises that will build your confidence. These will help you better understand the core strategies that…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Does Reading Make You Smarter?: 14 Books to Boost Your Brain May 10, 2023
    Show notes

    Does reading make you smarter? Obviously “yes,” right? In reality, the answer is more nuanced and quite surprising: Reading always has an effect on your intelligence. But not always a positive one. Today, we’re going to focus on the positive ways that reading boosts your intelligence, but one point will help us frame the discussion correctly. And it’s an important one because history shows that dictators with dark agendas have used reading to make people duller. For example, George Orwell wrote 1984 to highlight how propaganda worked in Stalinist Russia. Winston Smith works at the “Ministry of Truth” where his job is to remove the truth from newspapers. As a result, citizens are subjected to rote learning en masse and their intelligence is harmed. We need to keep Orwell’s allegory in mind when we think about how to improve our intelligence through reading. With so many people glued to their devices and battling digital amnesia, it can be hard to know whether your reading choices are going to make you smarter or not. That’s why today we’re going to look at exactly how reading can make you smarter. I’ll share some of the books that are most likely to do it. Ready? Let’s dive in! Does Reading Make You Smarter? Generally, consistent reading has been shown to improve cognitive ability. And as Keith Stanovich famously showed with his Matthew Effects, children who we start off with strong reading skills develop stronger vocabulary and comprehension skills over time. Those who don’t, may have a hard time catching up. It’s like the old saying, “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer,” but applied to reading. It’s worth reading his original paper on the matter. But is Stanovich right? Not necessarily, and that’s because reading isn’t just about young people. And reading to increase your intelligence is never just about reading. Reading is just one part of a larger project. And it’s one you can start to help become smarter at any age. In fact, one long-term study found that older adults enjoyed better cognition, critical thinking and verbal intelligence by reading consistently. How to Read Consistently – At Any Age When I was a kid, we used to have U.S.S.R. (An ironic acronym, I know, given what I warned us about regarding Orwell’s allegory about Stalin in the intro.) The teachers at my school used this term for: Uninterrupted Silent Sustained Reading No matter how distracting the modern world gets, U.S.S.R. remains one of my key ways to keep focused while reading. Key point: taking the time to schedule time for uninterrupted reading is itself intelligent. All you need after that is to make sure you have a solid note taking strategy and books that actually have the ability to boost your intelligence. In a book called Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf makes the point that you also need to “think beyond” reading itself. And I agree. 7 Ways Reading Books Makes You Smarter What does it mean to go beyond reading? Simple: good books that improve your smarts always get you to take action. Even if that action is nothing more than thinking about what you’re reading. Here’s a list of things that books do to make your smarter and why additional action is always involved. One: Exercise Your Imagination I first read Orwell’s 1984 in grade 11. I don’t think my imagination had ever been stretched quite so far. Imagining the scenarios described in a novel like that can’t help but make you smarter because they involve counterfactual thinking. Many non-fiction books stretch the imagination too. Gödel Escher Bach, although quite old, still has many relevant things to say about math, self-reference and Artificial Intelligence. It uses images and short stories to help you imagine very difficult concepts and was so successful that it won a Pulitzer Prize. Two: Increase Your Vocabulary In my writing on how to read faster, I’ve shown the most likely way to pick up speed and still understand what you’re reading: More vocabulary. The good news is that it’s fast and easy to memorize vocabulary. That said, memorizing vocabulary comes with some conditions (each of which will make you smarter). As Stanislas Dehaene makes clear in Reading in the brain: The Science and Evolution of a Human Invention, kids and language learners also need to learn syntax and morphology. Three: Connects You to Others Even if you never talk to another person about what you’re reading, you’re still connected to the author. But for maximizing the benefits, you’ll have conversations about what you’re reading. This will give your verbal memory a great workout while deepening your relationships. Not only that, but people will be able to share their reading experiences with you. Often the best book recommendations come from conversations that spark memories and ideas in the minds of other readers. Even if you don’t have a large circle of friends, there are local bookshop owners and librarians who love speaking about books. Don’t be shy. Four: Improved Comprehension Reading improves understanding in a couple of ways. First, if you work on developing your vocabulary, you’ll recognize more words and the connections between them. But reading consistently is also a form of spaced repetition that builds pattern recognition. I mentioned Gödel Escher Bach, for example. When I later started reading The Road to Reality by Sir Roger Penrose, I noted similar ideas emerging. Without having done the previous reading, I probably would have gotten quickly lost. Now, taking on challenging reading raises a “chicken or the egg” problem: When should you start taking on challenging reading and which are the best books to start reading? For myself, I push myself a little to take on books I think are too hard for me. If I find myself understanding little or nothing, I then scale back and find a simpler introduction. But usually, I’m able to keep moving forward, and Penrose thinks so too. He mentions the problem of people talking themselves out of continuing to read in The Road to Reality, and he’s right. At some point, you’ve got to read so that you might understand in order to break free of the chicken vs. egg loop. Five: Epic Critical Thinking One major reason people don’t think critically involves passive reading instead of active reading. But the Renaissance memory master Giordano Bruno taught active reading using questioning – and he suggested we question literally everything. It’s a simple thing, but his ars combinatoria (technique of combinations) included a consistent pattern of asking what you read: Who What Where When Why How These questions are well known, and they will improve your intelligence – and that’s because intelligence is dynamic, not fixed. But only if you ask them while reading. So not asking questions like these is just one of several critical thinking barriers to avoid. Now that you know to keep asking these simple questions, you’re able to benefit a lot more from your reading. Keep in mind that critical thinking also needs to be done when you’re not reading. As Bacon said: Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. Many philosophy books need more digestion, so don’t be afraid to take your time. I’ve had many times when insights suddenly connected years after reading a book. Six: Boost Concentration When using the U.S.S.R. model, a key benefit is how reading without interruption improves your focus while reading. There are a number of tactics you can add, such as the “Thor’s Hammer” technique and the “Pinch technique.” I demonstrate both in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAsBOLcSV4I Another way to boost concentration involves making sure you are skilled as a learner. If you’ve never looked into learning skills as such, these books on learning will be a treasure trove for you. Seven: Self Esteem There are many other benefits to reading. But one of the smartest that makes reading worth your time is how reading can make you feel better about yourself. As in all things, what you read needs to be considered. And let’s face it, if something you read makes you feel badly about yourself, you might have dopamine issues or other problems that reading can’t fix. But generally, a wide variety of reading will help you encounter the many aspects of humanity, good and bad. The more you extend your field of reference, the more you’ll see yourself in the larger context of humanity. Even just picking up seemingly trivial facts can help you discover new ways of thinking and activities to try and it’s hard for your self esteem not to go up. With all that in mind, let’s look at some of my favorite reads for increasing intelligence. 14 Books to Read to Increase Your Intelligence Before we get into this list, it’s important to understand that finding the best books comes down to your goals. Ask yourself: “What do I want to get smarter about?” From there, reading on any topic is pretty much a win-win, provided that you’re consistent. You’ll quickly learn who the leading experts are. And even if you read something poor in quality or depth of understanding, you’ll start developing the pattern recognition needed to spot that. In other words, there are no bad books. Only opportunities for reflective thinking after reading anything on your list. Okay, enough advice. Here are some books I think anyone will benefit from on the quest to be smarter in a variety of areas. Happiness Beyond Thought by Gary Weber Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes The Brain that Changes Itself by Norman Doidge Learning How to Learn by Barbara Oakley and Terence Sejnowski Intellectuals and Society by Thomas Sowell Principles by Ray Dalio Memory Craft by Lynne Kelly Infinity by Brian Clegg Plato’s Republic The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics by Adrian Moore Creating Great Choices by Jennifer Riel and Roger L. Martin How Enlightenment Changes Your Brain by Andrew Newberg and Mark Waldman Inquiry into Existence by James Swartz The Knowledge Illusion by Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach How to Use chatGPT To Get Great Book Recommendations I could list many more books that have made me smarter, but let me suggest this in the age of chatGPT. Create a template for the topics you want to know more about. Like this: Please ignore all previous instructions. You are an expert researcher who finds books to help keep the world’s smartest professor keep getting smarter. I want you to find 20 of the best books on [insert your topic] in the [insert your preferred] language. Please make sure that 10 of the books are less common, but still come from respected sources. In other words, what are the books recommended by the best [insert your topic]? Make sure the recommendations come from experts with substantial credibility and a proven track record of making ideas accessible to the public Do not self reference. Do not explain what you are doing. I’ve been pleasantly surprised to find some books I didn’t know about when using this template for a variety of topics. Common Questions Answered Now let’s have a quick Q&A to help us sum up. How Does Reading Make You Smarter? Reading specifically makes you smarter when you set goals and seek books that help you fulfil those goals. It’s really that simple. After that, it comes down to improving your vocabulary, increasing your pattern recognition and using reading to help you connect with others better. Reading also helps you set more goals in the future, usually with more focus and specificity thanks to the compound value of continuing to read based on specific goals in a consistent manner. How Often Do I Have To Read To Get Smarter? Technically, you can get smarter by not reading at all. For example, we know from deliberate practice studies that you can improve your intelligence about painting simply by painting more in more environments. Speaking of painting, I watched videos on both Photoshop and AI image generators to collaborate with the Internet itself to make the image at the top of this blog post. Some reading was involved, but the learning cycle needed a lot more in order for me to develop the necessary skills and abilities. So there’s no “cookie cutter” answer to this question. You either want to read as much as possible with consistency towards a goal (including the goal of pleasure). Or you want to figure out the minimum doses you can take and use a technique like interleaving. When I use interleaving, I read in blocks of 15-20 minutes before switching to another book or another task altogether. Other than that, I make sure to read daily. As much as I possibly can. Does Reading Increase IQ? I believe that reading could well increase IQ. The problem comes down to your willingness to establish a baseline and then take IQ tests repeatedly. Is this the best way to test whether or not your reading has improved your intelligence? I personally could not be bothered because having discussions with others and applying my reading to completing specific goals is a much better testing method. If I read a book about writing and produce a better book, does it really matter if it increased my IQ? I think not. What Kinds of Books Make You Smarter? This again comes down to choosing the right goals to complete a particular goal. Generally, you want books written by: Good researchers Clear communicators Writers with credibility Writers with unique perspectives All of these qualities are fulfilled by a variety of publishers, both on the mass market and amongst independents. For example, I recently read The Nomads at Large by Monte Dwyer. He’s an Australian journalist who started his own publishing outfit and does what you might call immersion journalism for some of his books. I saw his table in a shopping mall, chatted with him for a few moments, and knew he was a writer I wanted to read. Just one of his books made me smarter about a specific group of people in Australia, about Australia overall and about his career as an indie author. I’m especially impressed by his ability to write so well and produce such nice looking books on his own – so I also learned through observation how I can do better myself. Heck, I even got smarter about what kinds of companies exist in Australia by reading his colophon page. All of which is to say that books perfectly suited to make you smarter are everywhere around you. Having goals is always great, but if you keep your eyes open and talk to indie authors, you can find yourself getting smarter about topics you didn’t even know existed. Why Does Reading Make You Smarter? At the end of the day, writing makes you smarter for the same reasons it can possibly threaten your intelligence: Connection. I used to reject the idea “garbage in, garbage out.” But there’s truth to it. Just as your body and mind react poorly to foods that are bad for your brain, if you constantly read poorly researched books filled with poisonous ideas, you might “know” more and remember that kind of content. But you won’t be smarter, even if memory bias makes you feel like you are. When you read a variety of materials to build your pattern recognition and stretch your critical thinking muscles, you’ll be able to discern what’s good and what’s bad. And just as someone who maintains their diet can tolerate the occasional junk food from time to time – and even enjoy it – you can intelligently enjoy even those books that are filled with toxic ideas. And if you’d like help remembering more of what you read, please consider getting my free memory improvement course: These are the tips I use day in and day out to remember more of what I read. That way, I’m able to not only retain the information, but also think about it in a reasoned manner. Our species still needs to read intelligently (because memory and intelligence are connected), and also listen and view with our best critical capacities switched on. I hope these suggestions help you out and I wish you much more pleasure…

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    How to Focus When Reading: 15 Proven Techniques May 03, 2023
    Show notes

    If you can’t focus on reading, you need to tackle the problem with a combination of strategies. That’s because poor reading focus is caused by multiple factors. To improve, you need a reading system that combines upgrading your skills, optimizing your environment and taking steps to increase your engagement. I learned all of the strategies you’ll learn today while struggling with depression during grad school. I nearly dropped out back in 2003 because I could barely focus on a sentence. My looming exams made the stress even worse, leading to a vicious cycle that degraded my concentration further. But failure simply wasn’t an option, so I worked on improving my focus and concentration. Ultimately, I solved my focus problem by combining practices like taking notes on index cards, using memory techniques and the rest of today’s suggestions in combination. As a result, I was able to complete my PhD. I later earned a major research grant and travelled the world. To this day, I’m a much stronger reader. And more importantly, I enjoy reading and remember the book I tackle. Ready to discover how to stay focused while reading from someone who has solved concentration issues from multiple angles? You can improve your focus for dealing with all kinds of books faster and than I did, so let’s get started! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAsBOLcSV4I How to Focus on Reading: The 15 Things You Need to Do Before you go through this list of focus strategies, try this diagnostic test. It’s important before there is no one-size-fits-all or cookie-cutter method for reading with greater focus. Answer, yes or no: Were you ever trained to engage actively while reading? Are you already interested in the topic, but still struggling to focus on it? Do you have online habits that regularly break your focus? Is your reading time consistently scheduled? Can you understand your reading material while reading it? Do you retain what you’re reading? By answering each of those questions, you’ll be able to focus more closely on the strategies below that are most likely to help you. One: Read More, More Often The simplest way to improve your overall reading skills is to simply read more and read more often. Read as many different types of information as you can from many different types of authors. This tactic is incredibly important. For one thing, it’s likely that your struggle to focus while reading comes down to weak reading muscles combined with a lack of familiarity with a wide variety of writing styles. As Michael Shermer from Skeptic often points out when discussing both well-written and poorly-written science books on , many people just aren’t practiced enough at interpreting either kind of writing. And let’s face it: Humans were not born to read. Evolution has yet to imprint the alphabet directly into our DNA. (Though Christian Bök’s Xenotext project is starting to challenge this fact in some interesting ways.) For now, reading is a skill we have to learn and practice continually. And once we have the basics down, we have to keep the mental muscles involved in reading as strong as possible through consistently taking on both easy and challenging books. Think of your overall reading life in terms of wiring and rewiring the brain. As we know from studies in neuroplasticity, your brain changes depending on how you train it. This means that you can rewire your mind and memory to read with tighter focus. But if you go for long stretches without reading, you can literally deskill any focus for reading better you may have developed. How to Read More Consistently for Focus-Building (A Mini-Tutorial) The first step is to create a learning goal. By identifying something you want to learn better, you can then select the best possible books to tackle. Clustering related books together is a powerful strategy because you give yourself a set of texts to plow through. It creates an objective to concentrate on, rather than the vague goal of reading more with higher concentration. By getting clear about what you want to read and when, your focus will already improve. From there, use time-blocking to schedule in when you’re going to get the reading done. I’ve heard from several students in the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass that they’re embarrassed that they had to use apps to help prevent them from going online. Don’t be. Anything that gives you more time to read and helps make sure you show up is a strategy worth exploring. Two: Be Patient With Authors People who can’t focus often blame themselves. Sometimes this is valid, such as when your reading goals haven’t been identified and strategized. However, sometimes it’s the author’s fault. Many books are simply not as well written as they could be. For example, one of the students in the Magnetic Memory Method Masterclass came to me recently for help with his reading comprehension. When I asked for an example of what my student was struggling with, he said he couldn’t concentrate on or remember anything from One Nation Under God by James Moore. This book, which is about the history of prayer in America, is well-written in terms of clean prose. I found no typos, for example. But the prose is not particularly clear. Worse, much of the writing is logically inconsistent. No wonder my student couldn’t remember anything he was reading. To take one example, just examine the opening paragraph I’ve shared in the image above. It will help you understand my next tip, keeping in mind that we’re going to extend Moore our patience with his writing. It certainly demands that we extend him our grace. Three: Bring The Engagement Moore says in this book that “nothing in human experience compares to prayer.” A sentence like this is hard to comprehend for a few reasons. First, what does the author mean by prayer and human experience? And what exactly does the word “compare” mean in this context? In reality, prayer “compares” to all kinds of things, such as confession with a priest and the secular equivalent of talking to a psychoanalyst. Using mantras compares to prayer as does wishful thinking and other forms of self-talk. Then the author uses an empty, cliche phrase like, “by any objective measure.” But nowhere does the author list a single objective measure. This absence means that the reader has nothing to latch onto. In fact, it’s not until page three of the book that Moore provides his reader with a concrete example to experience (something very important to have during any learning cycle). The buried image Moore finally gives involves an actual event: A number of people getting together in Yankee Stadium to pray after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Don’t Blame Yourself for Unclear Writing As I explained to my student, the problem wasn’t with the focus skills my student was bringing to the table. It’s with the fact that this particular author writes in vague abstractions. The book would have been a lot better with an introduction like this: Imagine that you’re in Yankee Stadium with a group of people gathered in prayer. Your heart is flooded with conflicting emotions, ranging from anger, rage, the need for revenge and feelings of patriotism for your country. Prayer helps you navigate these tough emotions, and that is just one reason why prayer holds so much value compared to some of the other ways you could deal with the range of confusing feelings you might experience after such a tragic event as 9/11. This voluntary re-writing of the text brings the engagement. But I had to do that as the reader of this book for the author through a kind of real-time translation. I changed the boring and the vague into the concrete and specific. Now, I know this might be easier for me because I have lots of practice in reading multiple kinds of literature daily. I’ve also written lots of books. Still, in order to maintain focus on confusing writing, this kind of translation is what has helped me the most. And taking the initiative to translate confusing and abstract writing is what I suggest you do as a reader when books fail to stimulate you or harness your attention. Read what the author says. And then translate it into something much more engaging. Here’s another tactic that can help you do that. Four: Interrogate Your Reading with Suspicion (And Faith) I’ve just talked about translating vague writing into specific ideas and concepts to make the process more active and interesting. But there’s a sub-routine going on that deserves its own attention. It’s based on one of the favorite reading tactics I learned in university: the hermeneutics of suspicion. Now, there’s a lot of political nonsense in that style of reading that I have completely abandoned. But the core idea is that you read with skepticism. I’ve already demonstrated this by looking at the first sentence of One Nation Under God. This “interrogation” exposed that the author is being more than a little lazy with his wording and meaning. And reading this way allowed me to dig deeper and think about what he really means once the generalizations are cleared away. To do this, it’s important to balance the suspicious part with faith. I always read in the faith that the author has good intentions and wants to communicate key points. This circles back to being patient with the author – which in the case of many books requires a lot of patience. Five: “Concept Walk” the Index One of the reasons we lose focus comes from authors drowning us in references. This problem lessens the more you read because you’ll catch the references and have ready-to-go images and ideas in your mind. But until that starts to happen for you, you’ll want to get in the habit of regularly checking the index. For example, if an author mentions a philosopher, check the index and look at all the pages this person is mentioned on. If they seem like they’re going to be important, make time to read up about this individual from external sources. That way, when you reach those passages again later, you won’t lose focus. You’ll have a cognitive map to help you make a connection and extend your knowledge through comparison. Yes, stopping to read other texts is kind of like interrupting yourself. But done well, this kind of self-distraction can be a tactic called interleaving. This deliberate form of rotational reading is a key strategy when you want to remember what you’re studying. It’s the external distractions we need to worry about. There are a few key ways you can do that. Six: Disable Distractions During Scheduled Reading Sessions There’s nothing worse than allowing external forces interrupt your reading. Today, for example, I was at one of my favorite reading spots when it started to rain. Suddenly, a bunch of people were huddling with me under the umbrella over the picnic table! No problem. I just left. I have nearly a dozen other places already charted out where I can read. I developed this habit of regularly changing reading spots during graduate school. I read at a proper desk with good lighting, and regularly moved between libraries. I would go from the Metro Reference library after spending 60-90 minutes, then move to the Robarts Library, etc. Regular location changes gave me enough novelty to feel refreshed without reaching for the destructive novelty of checking my phone. But how often do we try to push through distractions instead of turning them off? There are many simple ways to eliminate distractions while you’re reading: Schedule your reading time Alert others that you’re not to be disturbed during this time Turn off the phone or all notifications if reading on a device Close all tabs (or open a new browser window and make it full screen) Take notes with pen and paper so you don’t have to close tabs or screens Use notes to look up things later if you prefer to keep your reading flow going Choose quiet places in low traffic areas Have a plan for where else you can go if something changes Have targets for how much you’re going to read Let’s talk more about the idea of having targets and how they can help you focus. Using Audiobooks to Delete Distractions As a person with a very busy mind, when I really can’t read, I will combine listening to an audiobook performance while reading the physical book. I did this countless times will dealing with depression during grad school In fact, I listened to the entirety of James Joyce’s Ulysses while reading along with the physical book. I shouted “I know Modernism!” in triumph when I was done because the novel was the hardest text I’d encountered. Each and every page challenged my focus until I found an audiobook version on cassette through an interlibrary loan during the early days of the Internet. These days, it’s usually easy to find audiobook versions of everything. Reading the physical version of the book along with an audio narration asserts focus on demand. Even better, you can use the pause button and take notes using Zettelkasten or any other method you prefer. Seven: Setting Daily Reading Targets And Using The Pinch Technique I read a ton each year. But it’s rarely random. As I mentioned above, it’s helpful to craft learning goals, and I do exactly this myself. As a result, I wind up reading more because I pick specific targets and fulfill them. For example, I’m currently engaged in a long-term study project around how to become polymathic. The project helps me select all of the available scholarly books on the topic and detailed case studies of individual polymaths. Give it a try. When you’re interested in a particular topic, pick 3-5 books in that area and plan to have them read within 4-6 weeks. This is a huge focus strategy for people who want to read faster. Then, set “Micro-Targets,” literally figuring out how much you want to read in a given day. Personally, I try to cover at least three chapters, if not more. Since all of our minds are fried from the Internet, specifically thanks to digital amnesia, I have found something strange. Chapters that used to seem very short now seem incredibly long. Even my attention span and focus have been shortened. To combat this, I started to count the exact number of pages in a chapter and then pinch the entire chapter while I’m reading. That way, the feeling of making progress keeps me focused more than if I have to keep thinking about how many more pages are left in the chapter or section. I save the Pinch Technique for when I really can’t focus on reading. It helps! Sure, I know this strategy sounds kind of silly. But I’ve been doing it for years and it helps me maintain my focus a ton. I believe one reason it works is that it gives you a tactile and visual sense of progress as you read. There’s no vague mystery of how many more pages you have to go. You can see and feel them. Eight: Take a Picture Walk Barbara Oakley from Learning How to Learn talks about the picture walk technique in the book version of that world famous course. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAg7eN2SatI Taking a picture walk is a bit like the Pinch Technique, but in this case, you’re going through each chapter in advance to note any pictures, charts or graphs. By having a quick look for these, you’re priming your mind with something to look forward to. And you’re giving your mind clues about what the information in the chapter might be about. What if the book doesn’t have any illustrations or diagrams? Well, that’s useful to know in advance too. It helps you brace for impact from the walls of text so you can better focus your mind on the task to be done. Nine: Timeless Pomodoro One thing that I’ve never understood is the Pomodoro Technique. If you’re not familiar with the term, it’s a form of timeboxing where you set a timer and intend to focus on reading for a specific period of time. The reason I don’t like this technique is simple: You are asking to be distracted from your reading. What I prefer to do is intend to read for, say 40 minutes, and then use the pinch technique. Usually, I’ll get the ch…

    Full show notes at the publisher

    Secrets of the Massively Distributed Memory Palace with Richard Rubin Apr 28, 2023
    Show notes

    Richard Rubin feature imageImagine memorizing seven decks of playing cards.

    Now imagine knowing the location of each card in each deck by number. In other words, if someone names the 2 of clubs, you know how far down in the deck it is, such as the 27th card from the top.

    Now, you might be thinking…

    How the heck is that going to help me pass an exam, get a raise or learn a language?

    Magnetic Friends, I believe that memorizing cards will help you in multiple ways that directly relates to each of these goals.

    In fact, it’s one path towards what Richard Rubin calls the Massively Distributed Memory Palace.

    And that’s exactly what we talk about in this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast, amongst other topics of interest:

    • Harry Lorayne
    • Bruno Furst
    • The implications of AI for mnemonists
    • Memory Palace books and linguistics books
    • Ancient memory techniques and more modern approaches
    • Mnemonic imagery in the context of phonics, reading and the implications for comprehending mnemonics
    • Memdeck considerations, including the Tamariz stack

    And of course, Richard’s take on the Memory Palace technique.

    Who is Richard Rubin?

    Richard is a memory athlete with impressive stats.

    He also creates incredible and fun memory demonstrations, often based around magic and mentalism:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8onVcbXusE

    I think his ideas are fantastic and his insights into memory improvement profound, so I suggest following him on YouTube. And check back here for a link to his forthcoming website when it’s ready.

    The Massively Distributed Memory Palace

    I’m going to let Richard explain this himself, so please enjoy the conversation.

    And the cool thing are the connections to other mnemonic strategies I’ve seen before. For example in Giordano Bruno’s writing and especially the mnemonic writings of Robert Fludd.

    What I love so much about this conversation, is that Bruno himself once said that those who think enough about mnemonics will reach similar, if not the same conclusions. It’s a lot like how magicians independently arrive at various moves and wind up calling essentially the same thing a different name.

    This point is important because the more teachers we have, the more people will discover the fundamental logic that supports all learning assisted by elaborative rehearsal, properly optimized spaced repetition and tactics like chunking.

    My belief is that the Mnemonics Renaissance given full steam by Tony Buzan with the memory competitions and massively supported by books like Moonwalking with Einstein is only going to continue growing.

    So my hat is off to Richard and I hope you’ll support him along with all the other great memory athletes and teachers who are out there doing great things to inspire and encourage others.


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