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    Kids & Family

    Normalize therapy.

    Formerly: The Marriage Podcast for Smart People. Co-hosted by Caleb and Verlynda Simonyi-Gindele. We are married to each other and are both counselors who have worked extensively with couples and individuals. We own Therapevo Counselling Inc., a counselling agency that delivers hope and healing to clients across North America and beyond via secure Zoom video call.

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    Copyright: © Caleb & Verlynda Simonyi-Gindele, 2019. For personal self-help use only.

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    Latest Episodes:
    When Others Don’t See Your Spouse as Abusive Jan 30, 2019
    Show notes

    When a spouse is being abused, one of the challenges they may have to face is that other people around them may not believe that they are being abused. When this happens, there are even fewer resources available to empower the person experiencing the abuse. Let’s look at how this happens and then what to do about it. We wanted to bring this topic forward today because social support is a vital support for helping women recover from all forms of abuse[i]. However, when a woman is in a genuinely abusive situation and her support network do not understand the severity of the problem, then she feels even more isolated and stuck in the abusive relationship[ii]. Often the abuser is pretty slick and he has maybe convinced others — even her own family — that’s she’s having mental health issues or is just not stable or not rational. So you can imagine how profoundly trapped a woman might feel in this kind of situation. It really shakes her core sense of reality and truth. We hope that with this episode you’ll have some real clarity and also a bit of plan for how to navigate your way through this. What Is Emotional Abuse? We have covered the definition of abuse before, but a quick review of the main factors of emotional abuse is in order[iii]: Threats: these can be overt threats to harm you, your children or your family in any way. It includes threats to withhold basic needs: food, healthcare, financial support, safety, etc. Control: control or placing restrictions on your life. This could include things like depriving you of sleep, denying you access to friends, support, money, food or transportation. Destabilization: ongoing intimidation, insults, degradation or trying to convince you that you are inferior and undeserving of better treatment. One-off instances of these behaviors are not necessarily a sign of emotional abuse. A study from 2013[iv] states that for these actions to cross over from bad marital behavior to abusive behavior then it must reoccur repeatedly, without the abuser showing any sign of responsibility for or awareness of the issue. Common Mistakes Others Make Even counselors may not always see the abuse for what it is. A study from 2010[v] gives a helpful list of reasons why therapists may miss identifying abuse, and these are reasons that other people in your support network may be prone to as well: Failing to recognize that emotional abuse is an act of violence just as physical abuse is. Not having an understanding of patriarchy, power and gender can lead to blindness toward abuse. Holding you in any way responsible for your husband’s pervasive pattern of abuse In the context of helping someone see the abuse you’re experiencing, you may need to educate them on one or more of these issues. Referring them to articles such as ours on abuse, or giving them good books such as “The Verbally Abusive Relationship” by Patricia Evans or “Why Does He Do That?” by Lundy Bancroft may help them begin to see the issue. On the other hand, if you come from a family where all of the men operate in a patriarchal mindset it may be impossible to involve them as resources in your support network. Instead, you may choose to turn to others who already are better prepared to understand the abuse and confront it alongside you. Why Do Others Not See the Abuse? They Only See the Good Abuse normally occurs in a simple cycle. You have a period of abuse followed by reconciliation and then a honeymoon period where the abuser is especially kind and loving. Since the actual abuse is normally only done in private, other people only see the honeymoon phase where the abuser appears to be a perfect, even doting, spouse[vi]. Mind Games and Justification Abusive husbands are often very good at belittling their spouses, damaging their self-esteem and convincing them that the abuse is their own fault. Abused women can often be so disoriented by suffering abuse from the person they love that they end up rationalizing or justifying the abuse they receive ("Was it really as bad as I imagined?" or "He would never do anything to upset me unless I provoked him" etc). It may be that you have found yourself collaborating with your husband to minimize what you are experiencing[vii]. This is linked to the idea of trauma bonding, which we looked over in a past episode. The Stigma of Abuse Being in an abusive marriage is a hard thing to admit to. Many abuse survivors are ashamed of their situation and do their best to cover it up[viii]. This means that when/if they do open up about it to friends and family, other people have a hard time believing it since it appeared that everything in the marriage was fine. On the flipside, it can be a hard thing for friends and family to face up to as well. Many societies and cultures still view abuse as a personal and private matter which should not be addressed in public[ix]. Someone you know being a victim of abuse is a hard thing to have to confront, so families and friends may unconsciously justify, minimize or rationalize the abuse rather than face up to a difficult situation ("they just had a fight" "She must be exaggerating" etc). Abuse is such an ugly thing that sometimes everyone involved will work overtime to deny that it is happening. Isolation: They May Not See It Social isolation is often a part of abuse. The abuser may limit the abused spouse's contact with friends or family[x], or only allow them to see friends/family as a couple, which can make talking about the situation harder. Also it may not even give others the chance to see any evidence of what you are experiencing. Misunderstanding Abuse Many people hold the view that abuse is always physical. Getting friends and family to recognize emotional abuse may be hard as it goes against their understanding of what abuse is[xi]. You get the classic question, “Well, has he ever hit you?” And when you say “No”, it is easy enough for them to say, “OK so you are safe then.” And what do you say next? Ideally, you would say that you are safe physically but you are not safe emotionally. What To Do About The Abuse There are a number of things you can do to face the reality of the abuse, empower yourself, and help others to see what is going on so that you can involve them in supporting your journey of recovery from abuse. Document or Journal the Abuse Some women find that keeping a written record of their husband’s abuse is helpful[xii]. Keeping accurate records of what happened and when and even identifying the patterns of abuse helps you to see the severity of the problem over time. It can also be used to counter your husband’s attempts to deny or minimize the abuse when seeking help. Figuring Out Who To Talk To If you’ve decided to reach out to someone about your situation, it’s worth thinking carefully about who you talk to. A study from 2000[xiii] interviewed 31 women who were either currently in abusive marriages or had left them about who they turned to for support, and how helpful that support was. They found that confiding in a few close female friends was often the most helpful strategy. All of the women who reached out to a girlfriend reported that it was extremely helpful in terms of practical support, emotional support, and helping to clarify and get some distance from the issue. Many women confide in a single trusted friend who then acts as a supporter or facilitator in helping the abused women receive support and confront the issue. Having this kind of friend on their side helped to convince the abused women that their problems were real and buffered them against rationalizing or explaining the abuse away[xiv]. The same study also found that talking to professionals was often very helpful. Women who sought help from social workers, counselors or church leaders found that this enabled them to understand that the abuse was not their fault and helped them develop a plan of what to do. Again, you just want to make sure that whichever type of person you talk to: they need to have a basic understanding of abuse. Talking to family members was much more mixed. Some women found that talking to their mothers, siblings or even parents in law was helpful, while some did not. There was no clear pattern as to which family members are best to talk to, suggesting that it is mostly down to your individual relationships within the family and that particular family member’s ability to make sense of the issue and respond appropriately. Find Fellow Survivors Talking to other women who have been through abuse was often found to be very helpful in clarifying the situation and deciding what to do. Talking to someone who understands the cycle of abuse and the blaming/mind games that can occur enabled women to take the next step to seek professional help[xv]. Support groups for abused women were also found to be good sources of emotional support and guidance[xvi]. Definitely, something to explore and see if one is available in your area. Faith Is Valuable Even When All Else Fails Several studies[xvii] report that faith and prayer were helpful tools for women suffering from loneliness and alienation due to emotional abuse. Even when other people refuse to see the abuse or are unable to help, prayer and connecting with God still helped these women cope with their circumstances and reduced the loneliness they were experiencing. Even if you’re not sure where to start or what to turn to next, the Lord is near to those who have a crushed spirit. References [i] Rose LE, Campbell J, and Kub J, “The Role of Social Support and Family Relationships in Women’s Responses to Battering,” Health Care for Women International 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 27–39. [ii] Mieko Yoshihama, “Breaking the Web of Abuse and Silence: Voices of Battered Women in Japan,” Social Work 47, no. 4 (October 2002): 389–400. [iii] Diane R. Follingstad and Dana D. Dehart,...


    When Your Spouse is in Victim Mode Jan 23, 2019
    Show notes

    In today’s show, we’ll dive into the nitty gritty of victim mode: what’s really happening and why people even go there. If your spouse or if you yourself ever fall into victim mode you’ll also learn how to deal with it so that you can find healthier ways of relating to one another and overcoming the challenges that life brings. What is Victim Mode? Victim mode or victim mentality is where a person going through difficult situations views themselves as a helpless victim unable to do anything about their circumstances. People with victim mentality blame other people or outside forces for their suffering and believe they are helpless to prevent bad things happening[i]. Understanding Victim Mentality To understand the victim mentality you have to understand the concept called locus of control (LOC). Internal LOC means that you believe you have the power to affect situations and circumstances. When you have this internal LOC you know and understand that your actions determine how successful you are with regards to the life challenges that arise. An external LOC means that you tend to see other people or random chance as being the driving forces in your life and you likely believe you have little power over them. Victim mentality is linked to an external LOC: people with this mindset believe that bad things happen to them, and while they are not to blame, they are also powerless to do anything about it[ii]. If your spouse struggles with this, s/he also is likely to have very anxious and negative views about themselves and the world around them. Your spouse probably believes that bad things happen specifically to them, that their situation is uniquely bad, and that attempts to help them will fail[iii]. This can lead your spouse to be passive and apathetic about solving their problems and instead expecting other people to "rescue" them. Probably you. Victim Mode Becomes Self-Fulfilling This mentality can often create situations where the person in victim mode ends up becoming a victim. Think of it this way: if someone expects bad things to happen, and thinks there is nothing they can do about it, they will make no effort to prevent bad things from actually happening… since it is what they were expecting all along. Now you have a greater risk of victimization and the belief is reinforced because the greater probability of victimization means something bad is more likely to happen. Not only is it self-fulfilling, but when people in victim mode ask for help, they will often reject other people's attempts to help them. They see their situation as hopeless so dismiss any suggestions of how to solve the problem or even react with hostility[iv]. This causes the person who was attempting to help them to withdraw, leading the person with victim mentality to conclude that they were right all along and they cannot be helped. This is where you as a spouse may really find yourself running into a brick wall: you cannot even help your spouse help him/herself. Then There’s Secondary Gains This is level 2 kind of stuff, so we’re going deeper here. I often ask folks in counseling — when they’re doing something that appears to be unhelpful — “How is that actually helpful for you? if you set all judgment aside for a moment?" A couple researchers that studied this argued that people often unconsciously keep themselves in victim mode because there are some hidden benefits that come along with the unhappiness it brings. In other words, it kinda works or helps in a unique way. For example, acting like a disempowered victim may lead to a spouse showing more affection and attention as they try to comfort the victim. Or, believing yourself to be powerless may mean that you don't have to accept responsibility for the harm you are causing yourself/others. These are referred to as "secondary gains": the beneficial things that come as a result of bad things happening to you. Note that this is all subconscious: people with victim mentality aren't deliberately being manipulative or consciously trying to hold on to this mindset. As the spouse of someone struggling with victim mentality, you will definitely find it easier to show compassion if you can identify these secondary benefits. You may have to figure it out on your own or, if possible, have a gentle and curious discussion with your spouse to try to figure out how responding the way they do is helpful to them. Where It Comes From How do people fall into victim mode? Victim mentality is often learned from going through unpleasant situations and being unable to prevent them (severe or chronic health problems, injuries and accidents, abuse etc). Adverse experiences in childhood in your family of origin can play a big part in developing this mindset, but it also depends on how other people react to your behavior. If your parents only showed you affection when you were hurt or upset, this may teach a child that playing the victim is the only way to receive attention and love[v]. I think it’s good to understand the source of these kinds of issues because it is easy to become frustrated when your spouse appears to be stuck in this mentality. Hopefully by understanding the background it will make some room for compassion — not that we need to enable the mentality. How Victim Mentality Impacts Marriage A spouse with a victim mindset can be challenging to live with since they are constantly wanting help from their spouse, but at the same time rejecting any attempts made to help[vi]. A study from 1999[vii] found that victim mentality/external LOC in either or both spouses was linked to lower marital satisfaction for both. Specific effects of this mindset include: More use of bad conflict resolution strategies such as avoiding confrontation or being passive aggressive Blaming your spouse for problems rather than accepting responsibility Less likelihood of being assertive and directly stating what you want and need Less likelihood of using good problem-solving skills to deal with marital problems Higher rates of physical and verbal aggression Less willingness to cooperate and compromise on conflict issues As you can see it puts some real strain on marriage and creates a platform for behaviors that you wouldn’t normally want to engage with but find yourself doing anyway. So the question becomes: how can a couple break out of this? How To Deal With Victim Mentality Our thoughts here are primarily directed towards the spouse who finds themselves resorting to the victim mentality more than they want to. Break the Cycle This is challenging but not impossible: people with victim mentality do not believe that they can be helped. This leads them to reject attempts to help from their spouse, leading to rejection from their spouse. So as the spouse who experiences the victim mentality, it’s important to find ways to open yourself up to your spouse’s attempts to help. Learning to react more positively when your spouse offers help will make them more willing and able to actually help you, eventually destroying the idea that your problems are unsolvable[viii]. Empowerment A study in 2015[ix] found that people can develop a more external LOC and less of a victim mindset by finding areas of life they excel in. Doing well at work, in hobbies or even in niche areas of life, and learning new skills that allow you to do so, develops your sense of autonomy, your self-esteem, and your belief that you can positively impact your circumstances. Find small successes and build on them. As well, learning good conflict resolution and problem-solving skills can also help your marriage. For example, learning to be assertive helps you have more control over what happens to you and allows your spouse to more effectively meet your needs. Recognize the Secondary Gains Recognizing that you are unconsciously holding on to your victim mindset because of the positives it brings (the secondary gains) and then finding healthier ways to meet those needs helps you resolve the issue. Those secondary needs are often valid: it’s not wrong to want attention from your spouse or to long to feel like your spouse has affection for you. But how you go about getting those needs met has to come from assertiveness rather than passivity. Helping vs Rescuing If you are married to someone with victim mindset, it's tempting to want to try and "rescue" them by solving all their problems for them. But this keeps them in a place of powerlessness, and they come to rely on you rather than seeing themselves as capable by themselves[x]. Assisting your spouse and helping them figure out how to solve issues is, therefore, more helpful than simply fixing everything for them. In other words, you want to make sure that your part in the dynamic is contributing to empowerment rather than enabling, and (related to breaking the cycle) communicating acceptance and accountability rather than rejection. References [i] Kets de Vries and Manfred F.r, “Are You a Victim of the Victim Syndrome?,” SSRN Scholarly Paper (Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, July 24, 2012), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2116238. [ii] Scott M. Myers and Alan Booth, “Marital Strains and Marital Quality: The Role of High and Low Locus of Control,” Journal of Marriage and Family 61, no. 2 (1999): 423–36, https://doi.org/10.2307/353759. [iii] Vries and F.r, “Are You a Victim of the Victim Syndrome?” [iv] Vries and F.r. [v] Vries and F.r. [vi] Vries and F.r. [vii] Myers and Booth, “Marital Strains and Marital Quality.” [viii] Vries and F.r, “Are You a Victim of the Victim Syndrome?” [ix] Chia-Huei Wu, Mark A. Griffin, and Sharon K. Parker, “Developing Agency through Good Work: Longitudinal Effects of Job Autonomy and Skill Utilization on Locus of Control,” Journal of Vocational Behavior 89 (August 1, 2015): 102–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.05.004. ...


    Coming to Terms With Your Unexpected Pregnancy Jan 16, 2019
    Show notes

    Did you know that one-third of all childbirths in the USA are as a result of unexpected pregnancies[i]? Now: that is not necessarily unexpected with regards to married couples — that’s just unexpected across the entire population so that’s in any relational context. Still, it’s a huge percentage. Unexpected Pregnancy Woes and Blessings There is quite a variety of ways unexpected pregnancy can affect a couple: both positive and negative[ii]: Reduced mental health (especially for the mother) Lower quality relationship with the child Lower quality relationship with spouse Negative impact on the mother’s career trajectory (having to quit a job or take reduced hours) However, many couples also experience positive outcomes from the pregnancy such as: Increased happiness Increased relationship quality Increased self-worth and sense of meaning in life You can see that these outcomes are the opposite of each other. So there are lots of personal and marital factors which can determine whether an unexpected pregnancy becomes a positive or negative. I don’t doubt that in some cases there are also a mixture of positives and negatives. The question becomes: how can we make this a positive? Transition to Parenthood If it’s your first, becoming a parent is the start of a major new life role, which will drastically alter your life and your sense of who you are[iii]. This can be difficult even for planned pregnancies, but when the baby is unplanned then this shift in role may be something the couple doesn't want or feel ready for. Women may, for example, feel like becoming a mother will impact their chances at a career or get in the way of other life goals. You May Feel “Role Overload” The unexpected new role of being a parent can also lead to a feeling of "role overload" where the couple feel like they have too many roles to cope with, leading to stress and unhappiness. It’s like you’re juggling all these responsibilities- parent, spouse, bread-winner and so on- and it becomes nearly impossible to balance them all. A research study from 2009[iv] found that this feeling of role overload mediated the link between unplanned pregnancy and satisfaction with being a parent. So preventing role overload by sharing out the different tasks, or by dropping some of your less important roles for a time, can improve couple's satisfaction with their new role. Preparation Helps Preparing yourself mentally and practically for the new parenting role is also essential. A study from 2017[v] found that taking women with unplanned pregnancies through a maternal role training program helped them to accept and find satisfaction in their new role. The program involves practical training on caring for the baby, breastfeeding, and looking after your own health during and after pregnancy. So learning the skills helps, but there’s an emotional component to readiness too. This training program from the study also included asking the mothers to imagine and role play interacting with their new baby, to help them see themselves in the maternal role. Being able to envision themselves as mothers, as well as learning the practical skills to be good at it enabled these women to take satisfaction and find joy in their roles as mothers[vi]. Pay Attention to Finances Work and Finances Unplanned pregnancy can put a strain on finances, due to the mother often needing to quit her job or work less hours. Additional costs around caring for the baby and possibly even needing to move house to accommodate the newborn are also potential problems[vii]. So what does a couple do? Many couples dealing with an unexpected pregnancy were able to turn to family for support, both in terms of financial help and childcare to allow the mother to return to work. A study from 2017[viii] found that for as many as one-third of women, the unexpected pregnancy did not impact their work life as much as they expected. This was due to being able to use childcare services offered by their workplace, or having family/friends who were able to provide childcare. This is an example of resourcefulness: yes, there’s maybe an initial period of shock or panic but as you find your way again you can be resourceful and look for ways to effectively face the new challenge. Part of this comes down your own personal motivation. The same study found that mothers who were strongly motivated to manage both parenthood and their job usually found a way to do so. Relationship Factors and Pregnancy Several factors to do with marital quality had an impact on how the couple adjusted to an unexpected pregnancy. These are:[ix] Prior Relationship Quality Couples who had a healthy and stable marriage prior to the pregnancy are more likely to cope with the transition to parenthood and remain happy and functional. Couples who were already struggling with conflict or were already in an unstable marriage are likely to find that unexpected pregnancy makes things worse due to the added stress and responsibility of parenthood. Couples who expect a pregnancy to "fix" a dysfunctional relationship are therefore often disappointing. The lesson here is to address those marriage challenges right away, even if you have just learned you are pregnant. Lack of Perceived Support Wives who found that their husbands were unwilling or uninterested in helping raise the baby often suffered the most negative consequences from an unexpected pregnancy. These women often felt trapped and isolated by their circumstances and their mental health and marital quality suffered as a result. As was mentioned in episode 210 on being ready for parenthood, both parents need to fully commit to being involved. Child-Centered Parenting "All about the kids". Couples who found that their lives suddenly revolved entirely around their newborn child were often unhappy and low in marital satisfaction. Couples who still made some time for each other and prioritized their marriage were happier and better able to manage the demands of parenthood. Life Trajectory The couples who adjusted best to unexpected pregnancy were the ones who could see both the good and bad effects it had on their life trajectory. For example, many couples acknowledged a lack of freedom to pursue their own goals and desires, but many also found that having an unexpected child gave them a new sense of purpose and motivation in life. Unexpected pregnancy often gave individuals the motivation to make positive life changes, such as cutting out unhealthy habits such as smoking or alcohol abuse. Some couples reported that the pregnancy gave them the motivation to go back to school or college in order to get a good job to support the family[x]. So while it can have negative consequences, unexpected pregnancy can also be the catalyst that creates positive change and growth. References [i] Megan L. Kavanaugh et al., “Parents’ Experience of Unintended Childbearing: A Qualitative Study of Factors That Mitigate or Exacerbate Effects,” Social Science & Medicine 174 (February 1, 2017): 133–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.024. [ii] Kavanaugh et al. [iii] Chris May and Richard Fletcher, “Preparing Fathers for the Transition to Parenthood: Recommendations for the Content of Antenatal Education,” Midwifery 29, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 474–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.03.005. [iv] Mylène Lachance-Grzela and Geneviève Bouchard, “Marital Status, Pregnancy Planning, and Role Overload: A Mediated-Moderation Model of Parenting Satisfaction,” Journal of Family Psychology: JFP: Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) 23, no. 5 (October 2009): 739–48, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016378. [v] Masoumeh Kordi et al., “The Effect of Maternal Role Training Program on Role Attainment and Maternal Role Satisfaction in Nulliparous Women with Unplanned Pregnancy,” Journal of Education and Health Promotion 6 (August 9, 2017), https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_113_15. [vi] Kordi et al. [vii] Kavanaugh et al., “Parents’ Experience of Unintended Childbearing.” [viii] Kavanaugh et al. [ix] Kavanaugh et al. [x] Kavanaugh et al.


    Relational OCD Jan 09, 2019
    Show notes

    Today we’re going to be looking at relational obsessive-compulsive disorder — a condition that I was only made aware of in the last year first through a friend. Relational Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a sub-type of OCD in which a person experiences “obsessive preoccupation, doubt and compulsive behaviors focused on one’s romantic partner[i]”. People with this condition report uncontrollable thoughts or obsessions about their relationship to their romantic partner and this can be very distressing and draining. What Is ROCD? ROCD or Relational Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a condition where you have repeated uncontrollable thoughts or obsessions either about your relationship with your spouse (or fiancee or boy/girlfriend) or else you have those thoughts about the partner themselves. Because of these thoughts, there are also certain actions or compulsions that arise in order to try to satisfy or calm those obsessive thoughts. Any time you have OCD in any form, the O is the obsession. That’s the uncontrollable thought. And the C is the compulsion, which is the nearly involuntary behavior to try to satisfy the thought. The classic example for OCD is hand washing. So the obsession is with germs or cleanliness and the compulsion is to try to keep washing them to satisfy the thought. When it comes to ROCD, there are two main types[ii]: Relationship-centered: obsessive doubts about whether the relationship is working, whether your spouse really loves you and fears about being with the wrong person. This could occur with a fiancée or boy/girlfriend but we’ll just talk about spouses from now on. Partner centered: obsessive thoughts about possible flaws in your spouse, or constantly comparing your spouse to others (often with regards to flaws) So those are the obsessions. The compulsive behaviors that follow are actions a person feels they need to take in order to reduce the anxiety caused by the obsessive thought. Often the behaviors may be mental acts like checking or reviewing in your mind whether you really do feel in love with your spouse. Maybe you’ll list their good qualities or make yourself remember positive experiences or you may perseverate over their flaws. You may also compulsively read marriage books or listen to marriage podcasts (*cough*). There can also be verbal compulsivity where you talk extensively to others about your spouse in order to attempt to soothe the obsessive thoughts or even constantly reviewing the pros and cons of your relationship with your spouse or else constantly asking your spouse if s/he loves you. How Does ROCD Form? ROCD often forms when a person is considering a major relationship commitment, such as getting married or having their first child. When most people experience doubt around these kinds of major commitments, they are able to deal with the doubts and anxieties fairly quickly and without undue distress. But some people end up over-estimating how important and significant these doubts are. They assign tremendous value to them. People in this situation believe that their doubts and worries are highly significant, and so feel the need to deal with them using compulsive actions (such as mental checking, reassurance seeking and so on). A mental link (or, neural pathway) therefore forms between the obsessive thought and the need to perform the compulsive action (e.g., when someone worries if their spouse is right for them, they feel the need to mentally compare their spouse to other men/women or seek the opinion of others). The more a person uses the compulsive action in response to the obsessive thought, the stronger the neural pathway becomes and the harder to get off it. So why can some people deal with these doubts easily while others fall into ROCD? Well a research study done in 2013[iii] identified several predisposing factors which make a person more likely to enter this cycle include: Perfectionism: the belief that your relationship or your spouse need to be perfect makes you more prone to these worries. Intolerance of uncertainty: people who find uncertainty distressing feel more of a need to be "sure" about a relationship, which is tricky because love and affection are hard things to be 100% sure how they work. Catastrophic thinking: a tendency to imagine worst case scenario consequences to your worries will contribute to ROCD. For example, "If I marry someone I'm not sure about, my life will be horrible" or "If I'm not sure my spouse loves me, he will have an affair." Insecure attachment: being raised in a home where parents were absent, abusive or inconsistent in their parenting leads to higher anxiety around relationships as an adult. "Illusion of availability”: this aspect may be more common during dating but can still be present for married folk. If you believe you have lots of alternative choices for a spouse (e.g., due to spending lots of time looking at other men or women on social media, or due to having a high opinion of how desirable you are), this may trigger obsessive comparisons or anxieties about whether you are with the right person. Having any of these factors makes you more likely to get stuck on your worries and begin to obsess over them. Often there are also specific triggers which cause the person to experience the obsessive thoughts. Triggers can include seeing other happy couples (leading to worries about whether you are with the right person), or negative feelings such as anger or even boredom[iv]. How ROCD Impacts Marriage As you might imagine, these kinds of thoughts and actions being a big part of your life can impact your marriage. ROCD can negatively impact marital quality in several different ways[v]: Negative perceptions: the more you have obsessive worries about whether your spouse is right for you, the harder it is for you to think of them positively. This increased negative view of your spouse can reduce your own satisfaction with the marriage and cause you to withdraw. Conflict: if your compulsive actions involve comparing your spouse to others, or constantly asking them for reassurance, this can become very taxing for your spouse. This can reduce their marital satisfaction and make conflict more likely. Reduced personal well-being: people with ROCD often experience high levels of anxiety and distress around their condition. They also often feel ashamed of their thoughts and distressed by the fact that they know the obsessions are irrational but can't help but think them. This leads to lower mood and lower self-esteem. It’s hard to deal with your own ROCD. Key Recovery Concepts ROCD Has Nothing To Do With Relationship Quality Couples where one spouse is experiencing ROCD should know that the condition is not caused by the marriage failing. People who experience ROCD often know that their marriage is great and yet still experience the obsessive thoughts all the same[vi]. If a person has some of the risk factor personality traits listed above, they can develop OCD in relation to anything. It's not the content of the obsessive thoughts that matters: it’s the fact that these thoughts keep appearing, cause the person distress and so lead to the compulsive actions. So the couple should not worry about whether their marriage is not working and instead focus on treating the condition. Look At the Personality Risk Factors Some of the risk factors which can lead to the development of ROCD can be healed, reducing the hold obsessive thoughts have. For example, training yourself to become comfortable with uncertainty will help reduce the obsessive need to be certain. Our bonus guide will take a deeper look at this. Exposure and Response Prevention The main treatment for OCD is about breaking the link between the obsessive thought and the compulsive action. If the person with ROCD learns to experience the obsessive thought WITHOUT then needing to perform the compulsive action, then they see that the obsession actually has no power to affect anything. The association then breaks and the obsessive thoughts become less and less common[vii]. So for example, if your obsessive thoughts are around whether you are in the right relationship, and your compulsion is having to mentally list all the good things about your marriage. When you experience the obsessive thought, do not perform the mental check and instead focus your mind on something else, such as your work or some other task that requires your full attention (prayer or meditation could also help here). Over time the link between the obsession and the compulsion will weaken until the obsessive thought no longer causes you any distress[viii]. That’s the theory anyway: in reality, it’s tough to resist those compulsions and requires a lot of practice. Professional help is often a good idea with this one, so don’t be afraid to look for help if this is affecting you. References [i] Guy Doron et al., “Relationship Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Interference, Symptoms, and Maladaptive Beliefs,” Frontiers in Psychiatry 7 (2016): 58. [ii] Doron et al. [iii] Doron et al. [iv] Gabriele Melli et al., “Maladaptive Beliefs in Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD): Replication and Extension in a Clinical Sample,” Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 18 (July 1, 2018): 47–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.06.005. [v] Doron et al., “Relationship Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Interference, Symptoms, and Maladaptive Beliefs.” [vi] Patricia Thornton, “Relationship OCD,” 2018, https://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/relationship-ocd. [vii] Doron et al., “Relationship Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Interference, Symptoms, and Maladaptive Beliefs.” [viii] Guy Doron, Danny S. Derby, and Ohad Szepsenwol, “Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD): A Conceptual Framework,...


    Telling Your Partner About Your Porn Addiction: The First Sentence Jan 02, 2019
    Show notes

    You have said the sentence in your head a hundred times. In the car, in the shower, lying awake beside them. Now you are standing in the kitchen, your phone face down on the counter, and your partner is asking what you wanted to talk about. If you are trying to work out how to tell your wife, husband, or partner about your porn addiction, here is where I would start: yes, tell them, and put the whole truth into the first sentence. Everything you say after that first sentence will be easier than it. The damage usually starts when you try to make it smaller. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVV6L7gUnF4 This article is for the person who has decided to tell and has not done it yet. That is a less common position than you might think. Most of the people who reach our office come after the truth is already out, and more often through discovery than through a choice to speak. You still have the choice. What follows is how to use it well: why telling matters, what gets in the way in the first ten seconds, the five principles I want every person to carry into that conversation, and what comes next. The title says "wife" because that is how most people search for this, but everything here applies whether you are telling a wife, a husband, or a partner you are not married to. Should You Tell Your Partner? The Secret Is Already in the Room The short answer is yes. You deserve the reasons, though, not just the recommendation. Porn use that is hidden inside a committed relationship does its damage in two layers: the use itself, and the deception wrapped around it. When researchers Spencer Zitzman and Mark Butler interviewed wives in couples therapy for exactly this problem, they described the harm as an attachment injury that unfolds in stages. First a fault line opens in the relationship. Then a rift widens as the partner feels distance they cannot explain. Finally comes estrangement, a settled sense of being emotionally unsafe with the person they chose. Your partner may not know the details, and they may already be feeling the fault line anyway. The secret costs you too. A 2023 daily-diary study in The Journal of Sex Research followed 217 couples for five weeks. On days when a person's solo porn use was unknown to their partner, that person reported lower relationship satisfaction and lower intimacy that same day. The hiding does not stay in the phone. It follows you into dinner, into bed, into every conversation where you are managing what they must not find out. Telling is also far more survivable than it feels from where you are standing. Jennifer Schneider and her colleagues surveyed 164 recovering sex addicts and their partners about disclosure. At the time it happened, only about 58 percent of the people who disclosed felt it had been the right thing to do. Looking back later, 96.1 percent said it was right, and so did 93 percent of partners. Most of the people who dreaded it came to see it as the right call. Research on disclosing a relapse points the same way: when people told their partner themselves, rather than being found out, the relationship tended to fare better. "But I Read That I Don't Have to Tell Them" You may have already come across the opposite advice. Some popular quit-porn self-help programs teach that disclosing to a partner is unnecessary, that your recovery is your own business, and that a partner who asks for honesty or sets boundaries is trying to control you. Parts of those programs help some people reduce cravings, and I would not tell you to throw out everything you learned there. On this point, though, I think they are wrong, and the harm lands on the person you love. A distinction from shame-recovery work makes the difference clear. Privacy is information you have the power to share, and choosing not to share it is your right. A secret is information that has power over you. It governs what you do, what you say, and where you let your partner look. So ask yourself honestly: is this privacy I am choosing, or a secret that is choosing me? Most people reading this already know the answer. Your partner's boundaries after they learn the truth may feel restrictive, but they are not a plot to control you. They are how a person protects their own nervous system after finding out that the ground under them was not what they thought. Treating those boundaries as the problem turns the betrayed partner into the villain of your recovery. Schneider's team made a similar argument decades ago about the AA Big Book's advice not to disclose sexual history to a spouse. Their data did not support it, and I do not think the newer versions of that advice fare any better. This is still your decision. I lean strongly toward disclosure, and I think the evidence supports that, but I cannot carry the consequences for you. There are rare situations, such as a terminal diagnosis or an acute crisis that would make it impossible to take in, where timing may warrant a delay. For most couples, the truth is the harder road and the better one. The First Sentence, and Where the Trickle Starts Picture the first sentence as a door. Everything you still have to say is on the other side of it, and the door is the heaviest part. People who have been through this describe the moment as the words catching in their throat, and the pull to swap the sentence they rehearsed for a smaller one: "I've been looking at some stuff I shouldn't." "I slipped a couple of times." The smaller sentence feels merciful. It is where the trickle begins. Trickle Truth Protects You, Not Them Trickle truth is the pattern of revealing the truth in pieces over days, weeks, or months, usually in response to what your partner has already found or asked about. Schneider's research calls it staggered disclosure, and it is common: 58.7 percent of the addicts and 69.7 percent of the partners in her survey reported more than one major disclosure. From the inside, the trickle feels like protecting your partner from too much pain at once. One person in a recovery forum put it more honestly: trickle truth has nothing to do with the truth, and nothing to do with protecting the partner. What it protects is your image of yourself. Every withheld piece is a small bet that you can still be known as someone better than what you did. There is a nervous-system reason this happens. Under the lying there is usually a belief running below awareness, something like "if I am truly known, I will be rejected." When that belief is activated, the brain is choosing regulation over truth. Shrinking the sentence brings your panic down in the moment, which is exactly why it feels so necessary. It also means the price gets paid later, by your partner. And the price is steep. If you were in one serious car accident, you would be shaken, and eventually you would drive again. If you were rear-ended every two weeks for six months, you would develop a deep fear of the road. That is what staggered disclosure does to a betrayed partner. Every new piece resets their trauma clock to zero and teaches them that "that's everything" only means there is more to come. If you want to understand what that feels like from their side, our article on why trickle truth feels like a new betrayal walks through it. Shame Shrinks the Sentence, Guilt Keeps It Whole Two emotions are likely to show up in that kitchen, and they pull in opposite directions. June Tangney's research on moral emotions found that proneness to shame was linked to self-focused personal distress, while proneness to guilt was linked to empathy for the other person. Shame asks, "What will this say about me?" Guilt asks, "What did this do to you?" Shame is what edits the first sentence down. Guilt is what lets you keep it whole, because guilt keeps your attention on your partner instead of on your own collapse. You do not need to get rid of shame before you speak. You need to notice which of the two is holding the pen. Write the First Sentence Down The most practical help I can offer is this: write out everything you plan to say, in full, and do not skip anything. Writing it down means the sentence your nervous system will try to shrink in the moment has already been decided. Reading it from the page is perfectly fine. A good first sentence carries the whole shape of the truth, even without the details. Something like: "I have been using porn for most of our marriage, I have lied to you about it, and I am getting help." Adjust it so it is true for you, including how long, how often, whether it escalated, and anything that touched your finances or other people. Then a few things that help your body get through it: Ground yourself before you start. Feet on the floor, one slow breath, a moment to notice where you are. Pause to breathe when you need to. Stopping to breathe is not stalling, as long as you then keep going with the sentence you wrote. Ask your partner, gently, if they would be willing to hold their questions until you have finished. You are not controlling the conversation. You are making sure the whole truth arrives in one piece. How to Tell Your Partner: Five Principles 1. Be Ready for What They Are About to Experience Learning about a partner's hidden sexual behavior is often experienced as trauma, not just bad news. A study of wives of sex addicts by Barbara Steffens and Robyn Rennie found that a majority responded to disclosure with significant trauma-related distress. Your partner may feel shock, rage, grief, or numbness, sometimes all within an hour. Let them. Your job in that moment is to let the harm be exactly as large as it was. Two well-meaning moves make things worse. The first is what some couples therapists call the "I'm a worm" bypass: collapsing into self-condemnation ("I'm disgusting, I've ruined your life") until your partner ends up comforting you. The second is the defensive minimize, which I cover under principle three. Both are attempts to reduce the pain in the room,...


    Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and the Impact on Marriage Dec 26, 2018
    Show notes

    The Adverse Childhood Experiences study was a huge research study conducted in the USA that has traced the impact of very difficult childhood experiences into adulthood. For those who have faced these challenges, we want to explore what the potential impacts are in marriage and how to best respond so that you can create or keep a happy, content marriage. Adverse Childhood Experiences The ACE study wanted to explore the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on later life. It included over 17000 participants and further follow up studies continue to add to the original findings[i]. The study looked at ten different forms of adverse childhood experience (ACE), split into three categories: Abuse Neglect Household challenges Under abuse they looked at emotions, physical and/or sexual abuse. Under neglect they looked for emotional and/or physical neglect. And there were five household challenges: Mother treated violently Substance abuse in the household Mental illness in the household Parental separation or divorce Household member incarcerated Initial Findings Almost two thirds of the surveyed adults reported at least one ACE, and more than one in five reported three or more ACEs. ACEs are also often experienced together- if you experience one of the ten factors you are much more likely to have experienced at least one more[ii]. So how do these early experiences impact the rest of your life? ACEs are found to lead to a huge range of negative outcomes in adult life including damage to physical and mental health, dangerous or unhealthy lifestyle choices, and reduced life potential. Now we need to unpack the impact of ACEs a little more but I want to pause to make a point first. Our goal here is not to point out damaged goods or to make anyone feel like they are somehow permanently emotionally crippled or, in the context of our marriage podcast, that they will make a terrible spouse. Not at all. There are as many wonderful people with ACEs as there are without. However, by acknowledging the potential impact of ACEs, at least now a couple knows how and why some of the current challenges may have developed and they can create some specific and targeted goals for healing. Allow me to illustrate from the physical realm. Imagine I had a set of challenging and unexplainable physical health problems. After a lot of struggle and problems and doctoring it came out that I had been drinking from a polluted water source. Now I know that I need to stop drinking that water and also find out what was in the water. Once I know that I need to understand what the pollutants were and how they have impacted my health. And then I can take steps towards dealing with those symptoms in order to restore my health. Same with ACEs. Once I understand that my present struggles are tied to my childhood experiences, I can begin to face those things in order to pursue healing. The ACE Pyramid One of the things the researchers discovered is that there were a potential set of negative changes that built one upon another. They charted this out as a pyramid because you have many people at the bottom and few at the top. In other words, the further up the pyramid you go the less likely you are to be affected unless you’ve had very severe ACEs. The base level of the pyramid is the adverse childhood experiences themselves. The next level up is disrupted development. So children with ACEs experience poor physical and mental development due to abuse, trauma or neglect. The next level from there is social, emotional and cognitive impairment. Some of those children as adults will manifest poor coping skills, attachment disorders, mental illness, and cognitive impairment. Next, some of them will go on to adopt health-risk behaviors. Risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use or promiscuity. Often adopted as coping mechanisms to help them survive the difficult circumstances they find themselves in. Again the next level up involves some of that group experiencing disease, disability, and social problems. These are typically caused by both poor development and risky behavior choices. This is exacerbated by low economic income caused by low cognitive ability leading to low achievement and employment prospects. You’ve got this whole cocktail of poor lifestyle choices and bad surroundings making it all the more likely your physical and mental health will suffer. Finally, the peak of the pyramid is one sad little triangle with the words “early death” in it. Yes, people with higher ACEs are at greater risk of premature death. Some specific effects caused by ACEs include: Increased risk of chronic illnesses including cancer, heart disease and liver disease[iii] Poor work performance, low academic achievement, leading to financial strain Risk of mental health issues such as depression and increased risk of suicide Risk of drug abuse and alcoholism Higher rates of teen pregnancy and STDs The effects are cumulative- the more forms of abuse are present in a child's life, the higher the risk of each of these outcomes becomes[iv]. Let’s pivot now and bring it to our area of interest which is marriage. ACE’s and Marriage Many of the negative effects of ACEs can potentially further impact marital quality. Again, let’s not make assumptions: it is not necessarily a given that if you had ACEs you will have marriage troubles. It is more likely, however, so it’s best to consider what those impacts might be. Some of the potential impacts on marital quality include: Health: poor mental or physical health in one or both spouses can negatively impact marital satisfaction Poor social and coping skills: this can lead to increased stress and likelihood of bad conflict management Attachment: bad attachment styles formed in childhood can make it harder to form good marital bonds and trust Financial strain can negatively impact marital satiation and increase conflict Sex Can Be Impacted Adults who have experienced ACEs often display a range of risky and adverse sexual practices, such as higher number of partners, higher chance of teen or unwanted pregnancy, higher rate of catching STDs and more risky sexual behavior[v]. All of this sexual baggage can have a negative impact on marital quality and stability. Domestic Abuse Witnessing or suffering abuse as a child drastically increases risk of both perpetrating and suffering abuse from your spouse[vi]. Experiencing one of these issues doubles the risk of being involved in an abusive marriage and having experienced all three increases the risk by almost four times. Again, this is not to say that every guy who has had ACEs will be an abusive husband. However, having this insight may help point you to areas of healing that need to be addressed if you do find yourself acting in an abusive manner. So while this study has brought to light many difficult adult issues that stem from difficult experiences in childhood, one of the hopeful and promising facts that we want to point out is that marriage can be a healing agent in recovering from those experiences. Despite the many negative effects of ACE on marriage (and life in general), research has shown many adults who suffer ACEs find that marriage can be a place of healing and recovery from the trauma[vii]. A loving, stable, supportive marriage can help ACE survivors to process the trauma and counteract many of the adverse effects. Spouses married to ACE survivors can help them work through the trauma by providing a listening ear and emotional support, and by accepting them non-judgmentally[viii]. A loving marriage bond can also improve an ACE survivor's attachment style by modeling to them what a healthy relationship looks like, helping them form more loving and trusting bonds. Marriage can therefore teach an ACE survivor better emotional regulation and coping skills, as well as providing them with more motivation not to engage in unhealthy behavior. This then stops the "pyramid" of ACE at those early levels, reducing the likelihood of progressing further up the pyramid to illness and early death. This is where spouses can really team up to counteract negative effects and join together to shift the trajectory away from cascading problems and towards healing. That’s a beautiful thing that marriage can do when both spouses are open and honest about the challenge of ACEs and are united in their vision to heal and grow rather than to remain as victims of the choices of others. References [i] Vincent J. Felitti et al., “Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998): 245–58. [ii] Felitti et al. [iii] David W. Brown et al., “Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study,” BMC Public Health 10 (January 19, 2010): 20, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-20. [iv] Leah K. Gilbert et al., “Childhood Adversity and Adult Chronic Disease: An Update from Ten States and the District of Columbia, 2010,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 48, no. 3 (March 2015): 345–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.006. [v] Felitti et al., “Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.” [vi] Charles L. Whitfield et al., “Violent Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults: Assessment in a Large Health Maintenance Organization,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 166–85, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260502238733. [vii] Linda Skogrand et al., “Traumatic Childhood and Marriage,” Marriage & Family Review 37, no. 3 (2005): 5–26. [viii] Skogrand et al.


    Couples Living With Extended Family Dec 19, 2018
    Show notes

    In the US, living with extended family is increasing. 31% of children in the US now live with at least one additional adult in the house, as well as their parents- normally a family member. 10% live with one or both grandparents in the house[i]. Let’s take a look at some of the benefits and challenges this brings to marriage and how to make the most of it if you do have family living with you. Living with extended family is becoming more common in the USA, probably in Canada as well, but in other cultures this has been the norm for a long time. Families from China, India, and most of southern Europe frequently live in multi-generational households[ii]. Families from these cultures living in America are also more likely to have more of the extended family living in the home with them. Additionally, economically disadvantaged families are more likely to live in extended family households: for example if a young couple can't afford their own house they may remain with parents. Just remember that sometimes “economically disadvantaged” in this context can also mean people who are doing just fine financially but they live in very, very expensive cities. So what are the upsides and downsides of living with family or having family live with you? Financial Benefits or Consequences of Living With Family The issue typically is based on practical matters. Living with extended family can have either positive or negative consequences for the amount of resources available to the couple. On the one hand, couples can benefit from having extra income coming into the house from other people's jobs or pensions, which can reduce financial strain and increase quality of life. A research study from 2011[iii] found that having extended families living together can help couples better manage financial difficulties, especially in more economically deprived families. Having grandparents or other family members around can also provide other resources such as childcare, practical help around the house and emotional support. Many couples living with their parents find that having mum and dad at home with them can be a real help during times of crisis or instability On the flip side, it is equally possible for extended family to be a drain on the couple's resources under different circumstances. Having extra adults in the house who aren't contributing to the household income can increase financial strain. Equally, having to care for elderly parents or having to live with siblings or other family members who you don't get along with can be emotionally draining. Under these circumstances, marital happiness is likely to suffer. Another potential impact of the financial side is if you as a couple are depending on the financial resources of others you may end up with less independence as a result. For example, if you are relying on financial help from your parents, your parents may expect to have a say in how the house is run or even on where you spend money on renovations or decorations. This can lead to frustration and conflict[iv]. Relational Impact of Family in the Home What about relational impact? Just like with the financial situation, extended families living together can either be good or bad for the bonds between you all. Many couples find that having parents or other family members with them can strengthen the bond they have with them: they are able to see them more often and connect on a more meaningful level through seeing themselves as part of the same family unit[v]. In our episode on child-centered marriage and why it’s bad we saw how a family is like a system where one good relationship has positive effects on all the others. This means that having good relationships with the others in the house naturally makes the marriage bond stronger. But the reverse can also be true. Having to share the same space and having to share practical tasks (housework, caring for elderly parents/young children) can create tension and conflict, which then rubs off on the married couple. How to Make It Work Let’s pivot now: say you are in the situation or about to enter into it: how do you make it work? Take the Good With the Bad Extended family may be a drain on resources in some ways but a blessing in others[vi]. For example, living with parents may be financially costly but the added support and closeness you get from them may be worth it. Or living with a sibling may occasionally lead to conflict but the practical help or extra income you get from a sibling may offset that. So learning to see the good, and make the most if it, can help make up for the ways in which living with family is difficult. Focus on Stability Stability in the household is a strong predictor of marital satisfaction and wellbeing of children[vii]. This can be negatively impacted if family members are regularly moving in and out. This fluctuation in who is living in the house creates an unstable environment for children and can increase stress for the married couple too[viii]. So if extended family are going to live with you, better to have them fully commit to staying long-term, rather than frequently moving in and out. I do also want to caution you that most abusers are male and are related to the child…doesn’t mean all male relatives who want to move in are abusers by any means but do set some of your boundaries around protecting your children. Do some research on the profiles of abusers and be extra cautious if you know that this has been part of your family history. Set Clear Boundaries That leads us to the topic of boundaries generally. Living amicably with extended family requires you to set clear boundaries and expectations on a few key areas: Ownership/leadership: Another study from 2011[ix] found that extended family households are often more stable and happy when one individual or couple has more of a say in the running of the house and its resources than the other family members. When multiple family members are all living together it can get confusing as to who is "in charge", especially when couples live with their parents/siblings. This can lead to conflict and disagreement over how things should be done around the house. So having one couple being more in control of how the house is run can remove this tension. Childcare: while having extended family around to help with childcare can be a good thing, family members having too much of a say in how your children are raised can lead to conflict. For example, a study in 2010[x] examined Muslim families living in the UK. They found that mothers of young children often came into conflict with their own mothers as to how the children should be raised, as the older women often had much more traditional views. This led to increased symptoms of anxiety and depression for the young mothers. That’s a snapshot out of one culture. But for any of us, settling clear boundaries on how much of a say other family members have in childcare is important when you have family in the home. Balance Family Closeness and Autonomy Closeness with your extended family is one of the main benefits of having them live with you. But it needs to be balanced with autonomy, independence, and forming adult ways of relating to each other[xi]. For example, if you are a couple living with parents, you’ll want to be cautious around becoming too dependent or even slipping back into parent-child roles. Research done in 1998[xii] found that living with multi-generational extended family in the same house works best when there is: autonomy for all family members mutual exchanges of support: not just parents supporting adult children the adult children forming adult roles and responsibilities Really interesting that once again we have a research study support the advice (commandment, really) of Scripture given right at the beginning of our Bibles: a man needs to leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife (Genesis 2:24). That leaving needs to be a relational pivot away from parent-child towards an adult to adult relationship, even if the physical venue in which you live is a shared space. Autonomy, mutuality, and independent adulthood are all part of this important shift whether living together or not. References [i] Nola du Toit, Kate Bachtell, and Catherine Haggerty, “Coming and Going: The Effect of Household Composition on the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children,” 2011, https://ezproxy.derby.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsuph&AN=edsuph.3025&site=eds-live. [ii] Wen-Chun Chang, “Family Ties, Living Arrangement, and Marital Satisfaction,” Journal of Happiness Studies 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 215–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9325-7. [iii] du Toit, Bachtell, and Haggerty, “Coming and Going: The Effect of Household Composition on the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children.” [iv] Barbara A. Mitchell, “Too Close for Comfort? Parental Assessments of ‘Boomerang Kid’ Living Arrangements,” The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie 23, no. 1 (1998): 21–46, https://doi.org/10.2307/3341660. [v] Feinian Chen et al., “Implications of Changes in Family Structure and Composition for the Psychological Well-Being of Filipina Women in Middle and Later Years,” Research on Aging 39, no. 2 (February 2017): 275–99, https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027515611181. [vi] du Toit, Bachtell, and Haggerty, “Coming and Going: The Effect of Household Composition on the Economic Well-Being of Families with Children.” [vii] du Toit, Bachtell, and Haggerty. [viii] du Toit, Bachtell, and Haggerty. [ix] Jennifer E. Glick and Jennifer Van Hook, “Does a House Divided Stand? Kinship and the Continuity of Shared Living Arrangements,” Journal of Marriage and Family 73, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 1149–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00869.x. [x] Edmund J. S....


    Working Through Betrayal Trauma Dec 12, 2018
    Show notes

    Discovering that your spouse has had an affair or has in some way been sexually unfaithful is often an extremely traumatic event. You’ll feel like the boundaries of your marriage have been violated, your trust in your spouse has been destroyed, and even your own identity has been shaken. Betrayal As Trauma The first thing we want to do is just confirm that a betrayal can represent trauma. Trauma has been happening since the dawn of time, but as a psychological concept, I think the Vietnam war really put it on the map as veterans came back and many of them with the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. And for a long time trauma was considered something that happened mainly to war veterans, often police officers and other first responders. Not to make light of any of what those men and women go through in service for our freedom and safety, but we have also come to realize that trauma is actually an even more widespread experience. Think, for example, of the core elements of trauma from war: near-death experiences (or having witnessed others die suddenly), feelings of overwhelm and helplessness, or when too much happens too fast and too soon. Well, in a relational context if you consider your marriage a safe zone — and you should, if your marriage is healthy — and then all of a sudden you find out that what you thought was safe is actually very unsafe and threatening through the disclosure of an affair, as an example, then you have trauma. You have too much happening too fast and too soon. Your world implodes, you may even feel that your safety is incredibly threatened — do I have an STD now? There is often overwhelm as your world crumbles and a feeling of helplessness because you cannot undo what has already happened. The disclosure of betrayal then quickly shakes the foundation of your life and marriage, leading to symptoms of trauma similar to what veterans experience[i]. Betrayal Trauma Symptoms and Effects Viewing betrayal as a trauma event can prepare you to make sense of the effects. It helps you understand what you are feeling and why. So let’s look at four of the major feelings and effects. Grief The betrayed spouse can feel an intense sense of loss following an affair. They feel that their marriage and their life as it was is now gone, and go through a grieving process. These spouses may also feel a loss of innocence, loss of safety, loss of purpose and loss of self-respect following an affair[ii]. Confusion The betrayed spouse has to deal with the "unnerving experience of feeling as though one has not the foggiest idea who this person is to whom one had pledged oneself in a committed relationship[iii]". Since marriage is such a core part of a person's identity, they may also be so shaken that they start to be unsure who they really are. This can lead to a state of emotional turmoil due to the rapid experience of all kinds of emotions (anger, sadness, hopelessness, fear, vulnerability etc) Reactivity Going through traumatic events such as betrayal often leads to high levels of emotional reactivity[iv]. Individuals who have gone through trauma often react very strongly to any trigger or situation that reminds them of the trauma. They can also have trouble regulating their emotions generally, leading to emotional outbursts, mood-swings or over-reactions to minor problems[v]. This is not meant as criticism but just to normalize that these kinds of behaviors are really just cascading effects of having gone through the profoundly difficult experience of betrayal trauma. Trust Betrayal can destroy all sense of trust between spouses so that trusting each other on little things becomes difficult. This means that conflict over little things is also much more likely, as the betrayed spouse can no longer trust that their husband/wife is being honest and has their best interests at heart[vi]. Often the lies and secrecy that surround an affair can be just as damaging as the act itself (if not more so), leading the betrayed spouse to be distrustful of anything their husband/wife says. Let’s turn towards helping those who have experienced betrayal trauma begin to manage that better and work through it. As always, here at Therapevo we have an online counseling agency with some of our therapists specializing in helping couples heal from betrayal and infidelity. To learn more about that counseling, just head over to the counseling menu and look for Infidelity Counseling to learn more about that. How To Recover From Betrayal Trauma One of the early goals for a betrayed spouse is to come to a place where you can feel safe in the marriage again. Re-establishing trust is a big part of this. That’s a process of course but as trust returns it helps you become less reactive to trauma triggers and it begins to make space for you to start processing and making sense of what happened. From that place, the couple can work on more classic marriage issues like conflict resolution, learning new relationship skills, and eventually moving towards forgiveness and reconciliation[vii]. Safety is re-established through: Honesty: the betraying spouse needs to fully disclose the extent of the affair. Thing like how long it went on, the identity of the affair partner(s), where you met, how often etc. It is not recommended that you share more detail than that or the details about the sexual encounters. This often just deepens the trauma, but knowing who when and where type details helps to establish safety. The betraying spouse then needs to work on being fully transparent with their spouse, so as to "give them no further reasons for doubts or suspicions regarding one’s behavior". So this could mean being fully transparent with your schedule, places you go, people you are seeing. Giving the betrayed spouse access to your phone/emails could also be useful to remove any suspicion[viii]. Be prepared to be far more honest and transparent than what is required in relationships where betrayal has not occurred. Boundaries: clear boundaries need to be set up regarding the affair partner. For example, the betraying spouse might need to promise never to see that person again, or if the affair partner was a work colleague, specific boundaries may need to be set up as to what is acceptable so the betrayed spouse can feel safe. Telling your spouse if the affair partner has tried to get in contact with you may also be a rule the couple want to agree on, to remove any doubt[ix]. Again, remember that it is the lies that hurt more than anything so honesty around boundary violations, even if unintentional, is very important. Expression: an important recovery step for the betrayed spouse is expressing to the betraying spouse how deeply you have been hurt by the affair. Aim to express the different ways it has impacted you, how your view of the marriage/your spouse has changed and how all this has made you feel[x]. Note that you are describing your experience primarily. Expression should be honest, but if expressed repeatedly with too much intensity or anger it may lead to escalating conflict. That’s a tough balance to find because you are allowed your anger, but if you cannot get off the attack mode it will become counterproductive at some point. Clear and honest emotional self-expression is needed here, which is often learned as part of marriage counseling. Validation: the betraying spouse should try to understand and validate the emotions which the betrayed spouse is feeling. A key aim here is "To demonstrate to the hurt partner one’s care, concern and love by way of connecting with, accepting and validating the hurt partner’s emotional experience[xi]". Often you may find yourself tempted to say, “No, you shouldn’t feel that” but it’s more important to validate the betrayed spouses experience rather than try to modify it to what you think it should be. Recognition: when the betraying spouse starts working on the above things, the betrayed spouse should try to make room to recognize that he/she is making this effort to re-connect with them and rebuild the trust between them. Recognizing the fact that your spouse is making this effort can help rebuild the trust between you[xii]. Other Betrayal Trauma Tips Look After Yourself The intense emotional turmoil of a betrayal can cause both spouses to take less care of themselves physically (eating less/more, not sleeping enough, no social contact etc). This might seem like a really simple one but as we heard in our recent interview with associate therapist Sharon Snooks, it’s an important one too. Poor physical health can increase stress and make everything harder to deal with, so it is wise and helpful to just make extra time to take proper care of yourself[xiii]. Hold Onto Hope Once the couple has started working on re-establishing emotional safety they should try to hold onto hope that the marriage can be restored. Aim not to see your marriage bond as being totally destroyed or lost, but rather believe that it can be restored. This hope is very important to help you keep going with the recovery process[xiv]. Moving Forward Dealing with the betrayal trauma is often considered the first stage of recovering from an affair[xv]. After this couples need to explore other issues, such as what happened in the marriage to allow the affair to take place, restoring intimacy and sex, and how they can start working towards forgiveness and reconciliation. Our bonus content will look at this, but marriage therapy can often help couples look at these issues too, so please reach out if you’re going through this and you don’t know what to do. References [i] Robert F. Scuka, “A Clinician’s Guide to Helping Couples Heal from the Trauma of Infidelity,” Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 141–68, https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2014.953653. [ii] Scuka. [iii] Scuka. [iv] Christal L....


    Is Your Own Sexual History Dragging You Down? Dec 05, 2018
    Show notes

    Sometimes sexual guilt can be a real drag — acting like a wet blanket not only on your sex life with your spouse but also even dampening the joy you find in your marriage. And most Christian couples don’t feel like they can just throw off their moral boundaries in order to bypass the guilt. So it’s easy to get stuck. Today we want to help you get unstuck. Sexual History and Guilt If you feel that in some way, at some time, you have violated “proper” sexual conduct then you are likely experiencing sexual guilt[i]. Actually, sex guilt is not unique to Christians or even religious people, but there is indeed a link between strong religious views and feelings of sex guilt. Causes of sex guilt for Christians include: Premarital sex: either with the person you are now married to or with past partners Sexual activity other than sex that you consider “going too far”: again, either with your spouse or with previous partners Affairs Beliefs: there are some very strict or conservative Christians who develop some belief that sex is sinful in itself and so feel guilty about having sex or feel guilty about their sexual desire. It turns out that guilt around these issues, especially premarital sex, is a lot more common than you may expect. In one study of churchgoing young adults, 70% reported having had premarital sex. Within that group, 80% regretted and felt guilty about their sexual history[ii]. A Couple Caveats We’re not here today to help you feel good about what you have done when those actions have gone against your own moral boundaries. We would like you to know and experience forgiveness and peace and to have relief from guilt — but that comes from God, not from us. We also feel that that the best sex happens within moral boundaries as outlined in the Bible — and in other episodes, we have shared the research that backs this up with hard evidence. And the last caveat is that we also want all of our listeners to know — in keeping with what we’ve just said — that it is possible to have strong moral boundaries around sex and an extremely satisfying sex life. It is not mandatory if you are Biblically conservative to also be sexually repressed. Shame vs. Guilt Let’s take a moment to differentiate between the feelings of shame and guilt. Guilt is the belief that you have done something bad, or committed a sinful act. The negative feelings it creates are specifically tied to the action or behavior. In some ways, guilt can actually be useful since it draws your attention to something you have done wrong and motivates you to try and fix it (or at least not do it again). Being prone to feeling guilt is linked to acting in a good and moral way[iii]. For the most part, guilt is a useful, healthy, adaptive emotion. Shame, on the other hand, is more all-encompassing. Shame is the belief that you yourself are sinful, or that you are a bad person[iv]. Research from 2007[v] defines guilt as "our conscience telling us we have done something wrong. If we go through the process of rectifying the wrong, then we feel better and our guilt is relieved. With shame, on the other hand, our whole being is at fault. Shame makes us feel condemned to our very core." Unlike guilt, shame does not motivate people to try and right their wrongs or to act in a morally good way. Instead, it can create withdrawal and a sense of hopelessness, as the person believes they are permanently tarnished or damaged. I often say that guilt says “I did something bad” and shame says “I am a bad person”. Guilt is about behavior. Shame is about identity. Sex can lead to guilt when you believe you have done something wrong: for example, premarital sex. But it can also lead to shame because people who have lost their virginity often feel like their "purity" or their whole worth as a husband/wife is permanently gone. Since it affects your entire view of who you are, shame is much harder to get rid of, and more psychologically harmful than guilt[vi]. How Guilt & Shame Impact Your Marriage Guilt about your sexual history can impact your current sexual activity in various harmful ways, even if you view your current sexual activity as not sinful. Possible effects include[vii]: Less sexual activity Less enjoyment of sexual activity Less favorable attitudes towards sex More difficulty becoming aroused Less willingness to talk about sex Less knowledge/understanding of how sex works and how to make it pleasurable These factors negatively impact sexual satisfaction for both spouses. They can also have knock-on effects on overall marital satisfaction[viii]. Forgiveness For Your Sexual History To stop your past sexual slip-ups from continuing to haunt you, it may be necessary for both spouses to work through a forgiveness process. The spouse with the sexual history may need to begin by repenting of that sexual history. That happens when you acknowledge the extent of the sexual sin without any minimization or denial or blaming, and then when you claim the blood of Jesus Christ as cleansing for that sin, as taught in 1 John 1:7. This means that your sin has been washed away and the guilt incurred has been paid for in Jesus Christ’s substitutionary death for you. Just like salvation is by faith, sometimes we need to remember that as Christians we can accept the forgiveness of past sin by faith as well. For the other spouse, it will either be the case that your partner’s sexual history represents a betrayal or else it may not represent a betrayal, but possibly just a strong disappointment. Sometimes I speak to a spouse who is disappointed that they worked so hard to preserve their virginity for marriage and their spouse did not. On the other hand, if the premarital sex was with another person and you are only just hearing about it now then this may represent a major betrayal. It doesn’t necessarily need to — but depending on the circumstances of that activity and whether you have been lied to or if it was disclosed in a straightforward manner — these things all affect the degree of betrayal you may feel. In its simplest terms, you may also need to forgive and let go of anger and resentment so that it’s not affecting your marriage. However, if you have been lied to for decades and you find out now that this betrayal maybe even happened while you were dating, then a discovery like this can represent a betrayal event akin to discovering an affair. In which case it may shatter your whole view of your spouse. That, obviously, is a much more impactful situation and one in which I would definitely recommend you reach out to our counseling team for help so that we can help you navigate your way through this. Talk To Your Spouse About It I want to frame this recommendation carefully. And I am assuming here that you let your spouse know you were not a virgin when you got married, or maybe this was about sexual activity between you and your spouse prior to marriage. You may need to talk about it. I don’t mean discussing the details of who was wearing what, and sexual positions, but mainly talking about what you feel and how you see this impacting your marriage now. Because likely your spouse senses something is wrong but they may not know exactly what it is. The challenge is that your sexual guilt can make sex into a taboo subject generally so that you cannot even talk about your sex life as a couple. So you may need to start with the guilt around your history and talk through that carefully and respectfully with one another. This may be especially important if it is about sexual activity between you. And you feel guilty about that activity: how it happened, or when, or where or whatever the case may be. This may intensify the feelings of guilt and then, in turn, your marriage is affected. The goal here is to learn to talk through difficult things, including your current sexuality. Inability to talk about sex also negatively impacts sexual satisfaction, intimacy and overall relationship satisfaction[ix]. Learning to talk about the issue without the spouse with the sexual history feeling condemned or unforgiven, and just learning to talk about sex generally, can reduce the feelings of guilt and make sex more enjoyable for both spouses. As tough as it is, sometimes you can’t fully heal until everything is out in the open and you’re comfortable talking about it. Talk To God About Your Sexual History Shame about sex can also lead to withdrawal from your Church community due to fear of being discerned and judged. It can also lead people to withdraw from God as hiding is a natural response to feelings of shame. This can create a bit of a cycle as a study in 2007[x] found that feeling alienated from God was a very strong predictor of feeling shame and guilt. The way to counteract this is to urge yourself to move towards God, towards the truth, towards the light. Feeling more connected to the all loving, all forgiving God through the forgiveness that is found in Jesus Christ will strongly reduce the levels of shame you feel[xi]. Renew the Sanctity of Sex Believing that your past sins are fully forgiven (by God and by your spouse) means that there is no longer any reason to feel guilty about sex. Couples should, therefore, work on enjoying sex together and learn to view sex as something which God created for their pleasure, rather than as something sinful or corrupted. Research from 2016[xii] refers to this as the "sacred bed phenomenon", where couples see their sex together as being something holy and special. This view is strongly linked to higher rates of sex and higher levels of the enjoyment of sex[xiii]. Another thing I like to point out is that we often place this huge emphasis on virginity. And I get that. But it’s easy to get stuck because you cannot get your virginity back. But what I think is maybe even more valuable than virginity is purity....


    Betrayed by Your Husband? 5 Things You Need to Know Nov 21, 2018
    Show notes

    You have just discovered your husband's pornography addiction or the other woman. Your safe world or life as you know it has shattered/come crashing down. We want to provide you with some essential truths and tips/strategies for coping with this sudden devastation and also talk about what you can expect of yourself in the moments and days immediately following betrayal. Today I’m happy to introduce you to Sharon Snooks. Sharon is an Associate Therapist here at Therapevo. She is a Registered Social Service Worker in Ontario Canada and Sharon has a real passion for working with clients who are recovering from trauma. Of course, betrayal is one form of trauma and so I will often refer betrayed wives to Sharon and her work with them has been very much appreciated. So today Sharon is going to sharing five things betrayed wives need to know when they are confronted with the very real, very raw emotions and the profound impact of betrayal. Let’s jump in here by just setting the stage a little. We’re speaking mainly to wives, although some of this could be translated to betrayed husbands too, and to wives who really have just discovered their husband’s betrayal and are staggering under the shock and really feeling like their world has been shattered. Maybe just give us a quick overview of what you’re going to cover and then let’s dive in! We’re going to look at what you can expect from yourself in the immediate aftermath of this discovery, what is normal including betrayal trauma reactions and first steps in your healing journey including creating safety - a safe place and setting boundaries and basic self-care. Betrayal is a deeply traumatic experience: your life is going along as normal and then suddenly there’s a big discovery which changes everything. This discovery becomes a turning point: you think about your life before the event, and how things are different afterward. With infidelity, your view of your life, and of who your husband is has to totally change. This change becomes a real threat to your sense of safety and you begin to feel a sense of hopelessness. My first message to the betrayed wife - it is not your fault! You could not have prevented this - husband is responsible for his behavior. It’s normal to feel dumb - how could I have missed this? Some wives even start to feel like they’re going crazy due to the overwhelming shock of the discovery. On top of that many people will start to look back on their life in the run-up to the discovery, and interpret things through this new filter of “my husband betrayed me”, which totally changes how they see things. You start to question everything you thought you knew about your life. It’s normal to trust your spouse. It isn’t normal, in a healthy marriage, to scrutinize everything your spouse does as if they might have an affair. So the way you acted up until the discovery was perfectly normal. You were living a normal life, and are now in abnormal circumstances. You couldn’t have seen it coming. Another thing it’s really helpful to look at is betrayal trauma symptoms. Knowing what these are, and what to expect, can help validate this experience. Trauma has physical, emotional, behavioral, and even spiritual effects. Physically it can stop you sleeping, and create feelings of nausea. Emotionally, it can either create extreme feelings of anger or lead to a sense of numbness where you don’t really feel anything. Grief is also a factor: wives grieve for the marriage and husband they thought they had. Worry is also a huge issue as now you start to wonder how your life is going to look now. On the behavior side, many women withdraw from their social circle due to the embarrassment and shame around an affair. Mentally you often end up feeling flooded and drained, just being overloaded by every thought in your head. Spiritually, some wives struggle with feeling betrayed by God: if you believe you married the right person, who God wanted you to marry, how did this happen? In the midst of all this, I’d encourage betrayed spouses to keep trusting themselves- trust your gut instinct and learn to rely on your instinct to spot things like this in the future. You may come through this trauma wiser and better able to tell if your spouse is really on the road to recovery or if they’re at risk of repeating their betrayal. Let’s turn to look at what the first steps in the healing journey will look like. The first thing you need to find is a sense of safety and security. Maybe you used to find this through your husband, but now that’s been taken away. Even your trust in God to provide safety can be challenged. Safety is emotional and physical. Start by looking at what makes you feel safe? Simple practical things like sleeping alone, or having a safe space, can create a feeling of safety and a place you can retreat to. Safe people are a great thing to look out for- who helps you feel safe. Looking at these practical steps helps you to feel more in control and gives you some steps you can take to start feeling safer. Another really important thing to look at is self- care. This can sound selfish but in the beginning days after a betrayal its so important to look after yourself. This can be as basic as eating and sleeping, exercise, doing something for you, and the importance of routine - for you and especially if you have children. It’s so easy to stop taking care of yourself in these traumatic situations, and this only serves to make everything feel worse. So work on maintaining self-care and a feeling of normalcy for you and the children. Be gentle with yourself- you might not be able to do everything you want to, but there’s always something. During the initial time after a betrayal, it’s ok to almost put the emotions and thoughts surrounding it “in a box on the shelf” and do whatever you need to do to get through the day. You can deal with all of that later when you choose to. Everything will be moment by moment, so just focus on dealing with each step, and try not to think too far ahead. Just focus on being well in the moment. Finally, remember: people do get through betrayal in marriage. There is healing. There is hope. If you want to work with Sharon or learn more about her professional background, check out her bio page on our website. She does have some availability at the moment so if you’d been through betrayal in marriage or would like to work with Sharon on other issues feel free to reach out to her.


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