Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast

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E89: Barbara Currier - Learning to Love the Weaves Nov 16, 2018

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Summary: In 2004 Barbara Currier and her husband Michael were relocated to Richmond, VA, where she began teaching agility at All Dog Adventures. It was there that Barbara was introduced to Susan Garrett and her foundation-based training, centered around impulse control and relationship building with your dog. She continues to train with some of the best handlers in the world and has implemented what she has learned from each of them into her training program. She became heavily involved in the OneMind Dogs handling method in 2014. She has successfully competed in agility with over 10 different breeds of dogs. Along the way, she started her own in home training and behavioral rehabilitation business. She was the trainer for Richmond Boxer Rescue and also assisted Southeastern Virginia Golden Retriever Rescue in assessing some of their dogs. Over the years, Barbara has worked extensively with many rescue organizations in numerous states. Barbara has also worked as an animal wrangler for Marvel's Ant-Man, 90 Minutes in Heaven, the TV series Satisfaction and various commercials. She is also the head dog trainer for the F.I.D.O Program run at Georgia Tech which creates wearable computing for military, SAR and service dogs. Links: Leave FDSA A Voicemail! Next Episode: To be released 11/23/2018, we'll be talking to Amy Cook about overcoming sound sensitivity. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be talking to Barbara Currier. In 2004, Barbara and her husband Michael were relocated to Richmond, Va., where she began teaching agility at All Dog Adventures. It was there that Barbara was introduced to Susan Garrett and her foundation-based training, centered around impulse control and relationship-building with your dog. She continues to train with some of the best handlers in the world and has implemented what she has learned from each of them into her training program. She became heavily involved in the OneMind Dogs handling method in 2014. She has successfully competed in agility with over ten different breeds of dogs. Along the way, she started her own in-home training and behavioral rehabilitation business. She was the trainer for the Richmond Boxer Rescue and also assisted Southeastern Virginia Golden Retriever Rescue in assessing some of their dogs. Over the years, Barbara has worked extensively with many different rescue organizations in numerous states. She also worked as an animal wrangler for Marvel's Ant-Man, 90 Minutes in Heaven, the TV series Satisfaction, and various commercials. She is the head dog trainer for the F.I.D.O Program run at Georgia Tech, which creates wearable computing for military, search-and-rescue (SAR), and service dogs. Hi Barbara, welcome back to the podcast! Barbara Currier: Hi, thanks for having me. Melissa Breau: Absolutely! Excited to chat again. To start us out, can you remind listeners who your dogs are and what you're working on with them? Barbara Currier: Sure. My oldest is Piper. She's a 10-year-old Parson Russell Terrier, and she pretty much just does dock diving. She loves that. She's not happy that the season has ended now, so she's in her winter rest, which doesn't make her real happy, but she loves her dock diving. And then I have Blitz, who is my 9-year-old Border Collie. He is retired from agility. He also does dock diving now, and he is also my medical alert service dog. And then I have Miso. She is my 4-year-old Miniature Poodle. She is my main agility dog right now. She is also a medical alert service dog. And my newest is Eggo. He will turn a year tomorrow. He is my English Cocker that I imported from Europe. He is doing agility. He's not competing yet, he's still very young, he's only going to be a year. But he is hopefully going to have a promising career in agility, and he's also doing dock diving, which he already is obsessed with. Melissa Breau: That's fun. The waffle, right? Barbara Currier: Yes, that's the waffle. Melissa Breau: So I wanted to focus on weave poles today, since I know you have a class on that coming up, but as a non-agility person I'm going to totally admit that some of my questions are a little on the basic side. First off — wow. Without knowing how to train them, if you look at weave poles in general, it seems like such a complex behavior. Can you break it down for us a little bit? What pieces or skills have to come together to have really well-trained weave poles? Barbara Currier: Weaves are actually my most favorite piece of equipment to teach out of all the agility equipment. It's the hardest behavior for the dogs to learn because it's the most unnatural. But if you look at agility as a whole, it's pretty much all natural behaviors for the dogs, things that you would see them doing if they were out running in the woods, except you don't normally see them weaving through trees. So weave poles is very unnatural, and so it can be quite difficult to teach them that. I find it such a fun puzzle to teach it, and I love to make it a game for them so that they find it as much fun as I do. The downside on weaves is it can be hard on their bodies, so you just want to make sure that they're physically ready to ask what we want them to do. You want to make sure that they're old enough and that they're strong enough, because it can be quite taxing on them. One of the parts of weave poles is the dog must learn to always enter with the first pole at their left shoulder and then continue the rhythm through all twelve poles. It's a very specific behavior, and it can be difficult for the dogs to do this at extreme speeds and still maintain all twelve poles. So they have to learn how to use their bodies so that they're at full speed and they can hit all twelve poles. Oftentimes the dogs will pop out if they haven't been taught properly how to do that, or they'll get their entry and not be able to hold on to the poles, because there's a lot of things that come together with weave poles. There's a lot of body awareness, there's a lot of them knowing how to rock their weight back on their haunches to collect to get into the poles, there's footwork involved. There's two different styles of footwork in poles. There's the swimming or the single-stepping and then there is the bounce stride. Most big dogs single step and most little dogs bounce stride, which looks like a rabbit hopping in between. I say "most" because I do know quite a few big dogs that bounce stride and they do just fine, their weaves are just as fast, it's not a problem. But people sometimes get a little too hung up on the footwork. If they have a big dog and they see their big dog is bounce striding, they don't like that, they want to make them single-stride. But I think it's important to let the dog choose what is most comfortable for their body type and for the way they move, as long as they're not doing a combination of both. That tends to have problems. But you really want it to become muscle memory for the dog, so that when they're doing the behavior, they're not thinking about it, they're just doing it. That's where the speed comes from. The more that they think about it, the slower it is, the more methodical it is, so we want it to become muscle memory so that they're just going through the motions. Melissa Breau: Just to make sure everybody's on the same page, single step you're talking about when they go into the weaves and it's, "OK, I'm on my left foot on the left side and my right front foot on the right side," and bounce is when they have both feet on the ground on each side, right? Barbara Currier: Yes, yes. Melissa Breau: Awesome. I wanted to make sure because, you know, terminology and stuff. Even not knowing much about the topic, I've heard of things like 2X2 training, I've seen trainers use guide wires, moving poles and gradually bringing them closer together, and things like that. Can you briefly explain what some of the different methods ARE that are out there, what those things are, what people are talking about? Barbara Currier: There's basically three different methods to training weave poles. There's the 2X2 method, where you teach them — much like it says in the name — you teach them two poles at a time. The channel method, where it basically looks like a chute of weave poles and you slowly can close the chute — it's the way the base is made so that it slowly comes together — so the dog starts with running down the middle of the poles in a straight line, and then as the poles start to come closer and closer together, the dog has to start weaving to do it. The third one is the guide wires, where it's guide wires that are put on the poles, so it looks like a maze that the dog walks through and they can learn that way. Melissa Breau: That's interesting. Which approach do you usually use for your dogs and what are you using in the class? Barbara Currier: My preference is the 2X2 method. The base of my preference is from the method that I learned from Susan Garrett with her 2X2's, and then I have, over the years, adapted for some things with my own dogs and some holes that I was constantly seeing with dogs that were coming to me. I'm kind of known as the weave guru in my parts, and so whenever people start having weave problems, they come to me. I kept seeing a lot of the same issues, and even with people that had taught their dogs with 2X2's. But what was interesting was I didn't see the issues with my dogs, and I wasn't sure quite at first what I was doing differently than what everybody else was doing, where my dogs weren't having this issue but other people's were. I took a young dog that I was just training, and I basically documented every single thing I did to try to find what I was doing differently than what everybody else was doing, and found that it was a lot in my beginning stages of my approaches that would prevent these holes from happening that I was seeing in other people's dogs. And so I have modified it to adding more of that stuff in, and a little bit of other things that I have found here and there that have helped with it, I think. Melissa Breau: When you say approaches, you mean the dogs approaching the poles, or are you talking about something else? Barbara Currier: Yes, when the dog approaches the poles. In the class, we do what's called "entries" on an around-the-clock game, so you have your poles in the middle, and you pretend you're standing on a clock and you work through your different entries. But what I was finding with a lot of people is a lot of people stayed at the straight-on approaches or the more straightforward easy approaches, and I wasn't being methodical about this, I just didn't do it. I did not stay at those approaches much. I stayed at the harder approaches. And so right from the beginning the dogs would learn to bend and hit those weave entries from a more difficult angle and would speed right from the beginning. On two poles, it's easy. The reward comes fast and it's easy to find, and so I was finding that with my dogs I was building up the muscling along their spine right from the beginning and was building up that drive to find the pole, really dig in, and grab that entry. So I do very few easy entries right off from the beginning, and I don't really concern myself with those entries until I start adding in the full six and the full twelve, because I consider those entries easy. Where those entries become difficult is when the dogs are at full speed and they have to learn how to power down to get into their poles. So I worry about that once I start adding in sequencing and that type of thing, but from the beginning I work those hard entrances right at the first two poles, and it seems to help with some of the fallout that happens down the road, like getting the entry and not being able to hang on to the poles, or missing the entry and going into the second pole, and those types of things. Melissa Breau: That's really interesting. I was actually going to ask you, this feeds well into what my next question was, which I think our listeners, in particular, are probably pretty familiar with the idea of building up skills gradually, but it seems like there are so many pieces to the weave poles. There are so many different axes that you have to gradually make more difficult. You've got your speed, you're got the number of poles, you've got the entries, you've got the sequencing, your more advanced handling … so can you talk a little more about how you juggle all those different pieces? Is there an order that makes sense for people as they try and put the things together? Do you work on them in different training sessions? How does that work? How do you approach it? Barbara Currier: I start with two poles and teach the dog to find the entry from all the different angles, and with speed and enthusiasm right from the start. And then, again, like I mentioned before, the reward comes fast when you're only using two poles, so it's the perfect time to get the dog to think that the game is really, really fun. I also keep my sessions incredibly short, like, three correct entries on each side and then done. So my dogs are looking at me like, "Seriously, that's it? That's all we get?" And I'm like, "Yes, that's it, we're done. That was the session." And so the more we play this game, and it's super-fast and it's super-fun and it all happens really fast, the more they're like, "Oh my god, this is the most fun game ever." All my dogs love weave poles so much because I keep everything so fast and exciting, and when they're like, "This is the most fun on Earth," I'm like, "Yeah, I know, and we're done now." And they're thinking, "What, what? No, I was just getting into it." And I'm like, "We've got to wait until the next session." So I really want them to love, love the game. The other thing that's important is that I don't worry about if they're wrong. I want them to make mistakes. If they're not making mistakes, it's too easy. But I also want them to understand that making a mistake is not a big deal. I want them to learn how to fail and just keep trying with the same amount of enthusiasm. Often, dogs, when they make a mistake, they're like, "Oh, I can't do it anymore. It's so hard. That reward didn't come, I can't do it, I can't do it," and then the owner gets stressed and then the dog gets stressed, and suddenly it's a meltdown for everyone. When my dogs make a mistake, it's just, "Oh my god, we're going to try that again!" and they just don't get the reward and they're like, "OK, OK, I'll be better this time. I'll get it, I'll get it." To them, it's just like a mystery they're trying to solve, or a puzzle they're trying to figure out, and so they're super-happy to try again for me and it's not a big deal. There's never any shutdown and "Oh, this is too hard, this is too hard." Now, if they fail twice in a row, I will take a step back and I might back-train, like, "This maybe standing here at 3 o'clock is a little too hard for you, but what…

Full show notes at the publisher

E88: Linda P. Case - Canine Nutrition Nov 09, 2018

Show notes

Summary: Linda P. Case is a science writer, dog trainer, and canine nutritionist who lectures throughout the world about dog nutrition, training, behavior, and health. Her academic training is as a canine and feline nutritionist and trainer. She earned her B.S. in Animal Science at Cornell University and her M.S. in Canine/Feline Nutrition at the University of Illinois. She was a lecturer of companion animal science at the University of Illinois for 15 years and taught companion animal behavior and training at the College of Veterinary Medicine. Linda currently owns AutumnGold Consulting and Dog Training Center in Mahomet, IL. She is the author of numerous publications and eight books, as well as the popular blog "The Science Dog," which I'll make sure we link to in my show notes. Links: The Science Dog Blog Leave FDSA A Voicemail! Next Episode: To be released 11/16/2018, we'll be talking to Barbara Currier about teaching and training weave poles for agility! TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be talking to Linda Case. Linda Case is a science writer, dog trainer, and canine nutritionist who lectures throughout the world about dog nutrition, training, behavior, and health. Her academic training is as a canine and feline nutritionist and trainer. She earned her B.S. in Animal Science at Cornell University and her M.S. in Canine/Feline Nutrition at the University of Illinois. She was a lecturer of companion animal science at the University of Illinois for 15 years and taught companion animal behavior and training at the College of Veterinary Medicine. Linda currently owns AutumnGold Consulting and Dog Training Center in Mahomet, IL. She is the author of numerous publications and eight books, as well as the popular blog "The Science Dog," which I'll make sure we link to in my show notes. (http://thesciencedog.wordpress.com/). Hi Linda! Welcome to the podcast. Linda Case: Hi Melissa. Thanks for having me. Melissa Breau: Did I totally butcher the name of where you live? Linda Case: No, you got it exactly. It was great, first shot. Melissa Breau: To start us out a little bit, do you want to tell us a little bit about the dogs that you have, and what you're working on with them, and a little about you? Linda Case: Sure, sure. Currently my husband and I live with and love two dogs, which is low for us. We had a bad year last year and we lost two dogs in succession. But our two current dogs are Alice, who's a 3-year-old Golden Retriever, and Cooper, who is a 7-year-old Golden Retriever. What we're working on with them right now, which I know a lot of folks are excited about, all of the AutumnGold instructors — I have a group of great instructors that work with us at our school — we went to ClickerExpo last spring and we all got excited about concept training with Ken Ramirez, so I'm working on match-to-sample with them. We're also working on object and identification in concept training with objects — colors and shapes and things like that. That's not going so well, but match-to-sample is going well. Melissa Breau: That's pretty cool. Linda Case: It is. It's really cool. I love it because it brings together what's the topic of my latest book is animal cognition and higher levels of thinking with behaviorism. I think it meshes those two so beautifully. I no longer show competitively, but I love to train tricks, so I'm doing quite a bit of tricks training with Alice and Cooper. My current goal … Alice is being trained to scoot backwards, like a backwards crawl, under a bunch of … it's like basically a backwards Army crawl, and she loves that. And Cooper is doing a forwards Army crawl. My goal is to get them to do it together. Again, not going so well, but that's my ultimate idea. Also I just want to mention that our school — I kind of separate these two — our school primarily works with what I call the highly interested pet owner. We have folks who want to do basic manners training and oftentimes want to do more, but they're not generally dog sports folks. They're people who just want to get out and have fun with their dogs. And so our school, we're kind of challenged a lot of the time to provide things that are fun for them but not too intense, because then they may not want to do the competition stuff. So we recently came up with a concept that we call Life Skills Courses that are a bump up from your basic manners courses and things like good greeting behaviors, or being out in a park or even a dog park behaviors, or behaviors at doggie daycare, or behaviors at the vet. We also do things for CGC. So that's where our school is, too. We wanted to do concept training with the school, but again that's probably a little bit higher level than most of our clientele like or are interested in. Melissa Breau: I can see that. It definitely takes some commitment and some playing with things and a pretty solid understanding of training mechanics. Linda Case: Yeah, yeah. Sometimes I think we have a view … we look at it through rose-colored glasses, like, "Oh, everyone will love this!" And people are like, "Yeah, but I really just want my dog to sit when he says hello." Melissa Breau: Right. I mentioned in your bio that you're a science writer, dog trainer, and canine nutritionist — so which came first? How did you originally end up "in dogs," as they say? Linda Case: I came by it very naturally. I actually grew up training, so I guess training came first. My mom was a dog trainer and she showed dogs, primarily in obedience, some tracking, and a little bit of conformation. She was also the leader of our 4-H Club when I was a kid, and that was a dog-training club, which was pretty cool, because back then those things were pretty rare. I started out with a Sheltie, and then, when I graduated from undergrad, that's when I got into Goldens. My mom and I did a lot of training and showing around the country together, because when I started moving around, she would meet up with me and we'd go to seminars together, we'd go to shows, so that was a lot of fun. It was something really special in my life. So training definitely came first. Melissa Breau: That's awesome. That sounds like such a unique opportunity to have family-bonding-type stuff but enjoy your dogs, too, especially as you travel around and do stuff with them. Linda Case: I know. I feel lucky to have had that. Melissa Breau: How did you get from that to focusing on nutrition? Linda Case: I would like to be one of those people that would say, "Oh, it's been a passion of mine all my life," but that would actually not be the truth. The truth is that I was an animal science major at Cornell, and at that time most animal science majors, if you were interested in companion animals rather than farm animals, you went to vet school. I wasn't that interested in vet school, because I was training and showing dogs a lot and I knew I really wanted to do something with behavior and training. But this was a while ago, and at that time — I think things have changed amazingly in the years that followed — but at that time there really were no academic graduate programs in canine and feline behavior training. So I went back to my advisor, he was a great mentor at Cornell, and said, "I want to go back to school for something with dogs. What is there?" And at the time he said, "Linda, go into nutrition. You'll get a job that way." And he was right, because nutrition … it was in the mid-'80s, and nutrition was taking off as a field of study. Luckily my mentor here at U of I was also a former student at Cornell and a good friend with my advisors. She took me under her wing and was both my mentor as a dog person and in nutrition. So I did that and did find that it did become a passion, even though it wasn't originally a passion, it was just "I want to do something with dogs." Melissa Breau: Looking at that, is there a "best" or a "right" choice when it comes to nutrition? I know that's kind of jumping straight into things, but … Linda Case: There probably is not a single "right" choice, but what I can say with confidence is that there are too many choices today, and that's what baffles people and frustrates them and makes people finally throw up their hands and say, "How do I choose?" In my view, there are two problems with where we're at right now with nutrition. One is that owners and consumers are not provided with adequate information about the foods that are available to them in order to choose well, and that's a drum that I beat very hard in Dog Food Logic, in that book, things such as the food's digestibility, ingredient quality, even ingredient sourcing. Many of those factors are hidden from pet owners, and they shouldn't be. We should have full access, we should have full transparency, and we do not have that in the pet food industry. In fact, a lot of regulations are set up to hide many things from, or at least to not make them available to pet owners. So we don't get the information that we need to choose. And the second is that there are so many choices and there are such small differences. I call it "a distinction without a difference" among these foods that it makes no difference, and people get confused because there are such small and subtle differences among these many choices in the different categories of foods. So that's the long answer to say there is no clear choice, and even if there was, it would be hard for owners to choose because of the information they're given today. Melissa Breau: Thinking about that, are there factors they should be considering? What should they be looking at when they're trying to make a nutrition decision for their own dog? Linda Case: That's actually the primary focus of my book Dog Food Logic, and the four primary factors that you can break that down into are, first and foremost, the dog, and that's what I'll be talking about primarily in the upcoming webinar — your dog's life stage, their activity level, their health. And then the second would be the owner, and those factors really have a lot more to do with the owner's values — what they think is important, what they'd like from a food, and also, sadly, economics. Lately I've been exploring some different types of foods, just exploring their digestibility and how valuable they are in terms of their nutrient content and their quality. One thing you'll find is that there's such a huge range in price point in these foods, so economics can affect a person's decisions. The third thing, of course, is the food itself — the type it is, the ingredients, the information the owner is provided with and can have access to. And then number four would be the manufacturer — the manufacturer's size, are they multinational, are they a small, private-owned company, certainly their long-term reputation, how many recalls have they had. Again a big one, this is my drum I keep beating: how transparent they are, how forthcoming they are with information when they're asked by consumers. Those four factor categories are, I think, are the most important when you're selecting food. Melissa Breau: It's almost like you knew I was going to talk more about manufacturing in my next question! I used to actually cover pet food and pet manufacturing for my day job. I used to be a magazine editor at a business-to-business magazine covering that stuff. Of course, every manufacturer out there does their absolute best to make a case for why their food is the best on the market. What research is there that actually tells us what dogs need for a balanced diet? What do we really know, from a scientific perspective, about what we should be looking for? Linda Case: Of the questions that you sent me ahead of time, this was my favorite question, and the reason is that — you present it really well — is that it's marketing today. Twenty-five years ago, when this field was really first taking off, science did govern the day. There were really great, small, start-up pet food companies that were hiring scientists, hiring nutritionists, they were doing really good research, they were partnering with universities and academic institutions to do this research, and food was about the science. But starting probably about 15 years ago, marketing — just as in the human food industry — became more and more the driving force, and it now pretty much owns pet food companies, so everything is driven by marketing. And so while marketing is very good at its job at selling pet foods to people, it tends to downplay and sometimes even mislead about the science. In fact, that's one of the reasons "The Science Dog" was born, was trying to bring the science to the people that need it. So there is a real disconnect today between the scientific knowledge and the great research that's being done, and I would argue this is true in behavior and training as much as it is in nutrition, between the science that's being done and getting it to the people that need it, the people that are really interested in dogs, that want to do the best by their dogs, both in terms of the nutrition and training. So in terms of what we know, we know a lot. We know all of the nutrient requirements of dogs and cats, we know age differences, how activity affects the dog's energy and basic nutrient needs, how certain health problems affect a dog's nutrient needs. That knowledge is solid and it's backed by good science. The problem is that it often doesn't get where it needs to go, or it's again misrepresented because of marketing practices. We also know a lot about many of the ingredients that are used in pet foods. I'm sure you're aware of the recent grain-free scare and DCM in dogs. One of the problems with that — it's a great example of ingredients that are relatively new to the pet food market and have not been studied in-depth. Things like chicken and rice and even lamb, all of those, certainly meat, pork, have been studied a great deal in terms of their nutrient availability, what happens to them when they're extruded, what happens to them if they're fed raw. We know a lot about those ingredients, but what we don't know a lot about are the newer ingredients such as legumes and peas. They just haven't been studied that much. It doesn't mean they're necessarily bad or they're necessarily dangerous; they just haven't been studied. We also know a lot about ingredient digestibility and safety, but again, does it get where it needs to go. It's in the literature. It needs to just be disseminated in a better way, in my view. Melissa Breau: To dive a little more into that, it does seem like there are a lot of people trying to put out information. Everybody and their dog seem to be blogging about dog behavior, nutrition, all these things, but that doesn't necessarily mean they are all doing their research, or that the research that they're doing is very good. Do you have any advice for, when you're out there on the Internet, figuring out what's reliable and what's … not? How can folks tell what is based on research and what maybe is just somebody's opinion dressed up as fact? Linda Case: What you're really describing is evidence-based decision-makin…

Full show notes at the publisher

E87: Jessica Hekman, DVM, PhD., - Choosing A Dog Based on Genetics Nov 02, 2018

Show notes

Summary: I got an email a few weeks ago from a listener, asking if I'd consider doing a podcast on doing sports with rescue dogs and/or dogs who join the family as adults. She suggested a number of excellent questions … so this will be the second of two podcasts where we'll look specifically at rescues and training for adult dogs. Next Episode: To be released 11/09/2018, we'll be talking to Linda P. Case, well known for her work in nutrition and focus on the science of dog training, about those two topics! TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be doing something a little differently. I got an email a few weeks ago from a listener, asking if I'd consider doing a podcast on doing sports with rescue dogs and/or dogs who join the family as adults. She suggested a number of excellent questions … so this will be the second of two podcasts where we'll look specifically at rescues and training for adult dogs. The previous one was with Sara Brueske, and for this episode of the podcast, I'm here with Dr. Jessica Hekman. Dr. Hekman is a postdoctoral associate at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, where she researches how genetics affect behavior in pet and working dogs. Jessica received her Ph.D. in Animal Sciences in 2017 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she studied canid behavioral genetics, so very on-topic for us. Previously, she graduated from the Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine in 2012 with a dual DVM/MS degree. Her Master's work was on behavior and the cortisol responses of healthy dogs to being hospitalized overnight. She also completed a shelter medicine veterinary internship at the University of Florida Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program. Hi Jessica! Welcome to the podcast. Jessica Hekman: Hey Melissa. Thanks so much for having me. Melissa Breau: Absolutely. To start us out, do you mind just reminding everyone a little bit about who your current pups are, and maybe share where they came from and at what point in their lives? Jessica Hekman: Absolutely. We almost heard from them while you were in the middle of your intro. I think somebody went by outside and they both ran to the door and started squeaking a little bit, and I was like, "Shh, shh, dogs. I'm on a podcast. Be really quiet!" This is their downtime. So I have two. My older one is Jenny, that's short for Guinevere, and she is a mixy-mix. I had her tested with Wisdom Panel, turns out she's probably Labrador/Samoyed. She came from a shelter, and we know from the shelter that she is at least part Lab, so that much is true. She's a very, very cute little blonde, 35 pounder. She looks like a little Border Collie who's Golden Retriever colored, so she's super-cute. And Dash, which is short for Dashell, is an English Shepherd and he is a little bit over 2 years old. I got Jenny when she was 13 months old, and Dash was my first puppy ever, so I got him at 9 weeks. Melissa Breau: There are, I think, lots of good reasons to have you on, but before we get into some of the professional stuff, I was hoping, as somebody who has one dog that was a rescue and one that you got from a breeder, if you'd talk a little about that piece. With Jenny, my understanding is you adopted a dog, you knew there was some serious stuff going on there, you'd have to work on it from a training perspective. Can you talk a little bit about where she was when you brought her home, where she is now, and what kind of work you put in to get her there? Jessica Hekman: Yeah, sure. Jenny definitely has a long and interesting story. I had just finished up my Master's and was going back to finish up veterinary school. I was a third-year vet student and I had a lovely, behaviorally very healthy Golden Retriever named Jack, who I adored, and I wanted to get a second dog. So I was looking around at shelters, and a really close friend of mine was doing her shelter medicine internship and came across this dog. I later found out she was actually joking when she emailed me to say, "There's this dog, maybe you want her," because she was like, "This dog's crazy. Clearly you wouldn't want this dog, ha ha ha." I got the email and I was like, "Oh, that sounds great," and afterwards she was like, "I don't know what you were thinking." I like to say she comes from an "oops" litter, except it was the "dogs do that sometimes" litter. She was from a farm that was in rural upstate New York outside of Ithaca. I think they had some number of dogs they just knew were going to have litters sometimes — not so much of an "oops" litter as "oh yeah, that happens." At some point Animal Control came to that farm and said, "You have nine dogs and that's too many, and you need to give some up." So they took the two 10-month-old puppies from their most recent litter, I gather, and took them in to Tompkins County Humane Society and said, "Here, you can have these, and that will get us back down to seven dogs and everyone will be happy." Apparently the owner was surprised to discover that these two dogs were super-shy. They hadn't noticed anything behaviorally wrong with the dogs, but due to the fact, I think, that the dogs had never, ever been off their farm at all, and I don't believe any socialization had been done with them at all, then the dogs had thought that their whole world was this little farm, and when they came into the shelter discovered the world was much larger than that, they were horrified. There was one woman working at the shelter at the time as a behavior consultant, had a Master's in behavior, and she referred to them as "toxically cute." They were these ridiculously, looked like identical twins, girl and boy, cream colored, so cute, 10 months old, and she said they had people lining up to adopt them, but they knew that they were going to be behaviorally really challenging. So they gave these two dogs to a pair of guys who tried really hard with them but apparently didn't have so much the dog skills necessary and did some stuff that we know is not the best way to convince a shy dog to like you, such as luring them close with canned cheese and then trying to pet them when they had lured them close, which then taught the dogs that cheese was terrifying, for example. After a month or so of that, the dogs were not warming up to them at all, and so Jenny came back into the shelter, but they kept her. She was fostered by this behavior consultant, and that was when I found out about her. Shortly after I took her, her brother came back and moved in and took her spot with the behavior consultant. They wanted to place her with me because I had this dog who was going to be a really good influence on her and teach her that people were not scary. When I first met her, I couldn't make eye contact with her because she would tremble. She's not aggressive at all. She just entirely shuts down, so she'll huddle in a corner and shake. So I couldn't make eye contact with her because she would complete decompensate when I made eye contact with her. I couldn't touch her. We were living in Massachusetts, and my then-boyfriend and I drove out to Ithaca to meet her and decide that we wanted her and pick her up, and her foster mom had to lift her into the car for us because she would pee whenever we touched her, and when we got home and getting her out of the car, she peed. She lived for the first few weeks on her dog bed, and I kept a harness with a one-foot-long tab on her at all times. When it was time to go outside, I would crawl on the floor backwards, not making eye contact with her, to attach a leash to the tab so that I didn't have to touch her, and take her outside. After a few days of this, I was going through this ritual of crawling backwards towards her as she stood up and very clearly said, "No. I understand the situation. I can take it from here, and you don't have to put that thing on me. It's horrifying." So we went down outside together, and I had this big, safely fenced yard, but it was almost half an acre, and I remember thinking, Am I ever going to get this dog back inside? I was like, Well, let's just see what happens. So I let her out and she did her business and came back in. And that's very Jenny, being terrified of the world but really wanting to make her way in it, and thinking outside the box to try to figure out what's going to happen. She did not let my husband, my then-boyfriend, touch her for about the first six months that we had her. It took a week before I could touch her. The first time I ever had a stranger in the house after I got her, she hid in a corner, pooped, and sat in it, so that was lovely. It took her weeks to stop submission-urinating. I still remember the first night that we were sleeping in the bed and she was on her dog bed at the other end of the room, didn't want to sleep in the bed with us but was willing to be in the room with us, and I had given her a pig's ear. Whenever I gave her food, she'd tuck it under her chest and be like, "I'll eat this later when no one can see me and it's safe." I remember around midnight, after we'd been in bed for a couple of hours and it was dark, she felt safe enough and I could hear her start to crunch on the pig ear. I remember lying there in the dark, smiling to myself and thinking, Oh, she's doing better. So what did I do with her? She came to me on fluoxetine, which is a behavioral medication that is effective in a lot of dogs, but it is the one behavioral medication that general practice veterinarians tend to feel comfortable with, and it was a general practice veterinarian who had prescribed it. So I took her to a veterinary behaviorist. I was a vet student at the time, so I had a friend who was doing her behavior residency. I had Jenny go meet with her. and she prescribed a different medication that she thought would be more appropriate for Jenny's particular issues, and she has done very well on that. She has continued to improve. I've had her for nine years now. Our Gotcha Day anniversary is coming up on New Year's Day this year. She's just continued to improve. At first, it was really, really hard. When we let her outside, she had trouble coming back in if there had been a stranger in the house over the last few hours. If I was out and my husband let her out, sometimes she wouldn't come back in. He'd call and say, "Can't get her in," and I'd say, "You have to leave the door open and walk outside and get behind her so she'll go in," and he'd say, "But it's January in New England, can't you come home?" I'd say, "No, I'm on clinics in vet school, they won't let me leave for another twelve hours." So it was really hard. She gradually started being able to make friends. I needed to have someone who could come let her out to pee when I was working these fifteen-hour days, so I had to pay this dog walker to come five or six times while I was there and pay her to come get to know Jenny, and then she was able to start coming and Jenny was able to warm up to her, so that was really nice. When I finished vet school a year-and-a-half later, and I moved down to Florida for my internship, had to drive the dogs down there, Jenny hadn't ever taken a long car trip before or really been off the property all that much. We'd been to the vet a couple of times, but I was minimizing it because it was so traumatic for her. So we drove down to Florida, a five-day drive because we took it slow, and she didn't pee for the first 48 hours, so that was terrifying, but she eventually did. She has continued to improve and to change, and so while we were in Florida, we got to the point where instead of huddling in a corner and shaking when people came over, she would roo, which is not the behavior I was aiming for in the end, but showed that she was feeling more confident. When we then moved to Illinois for my Ph.D., I still remember the very first day that she was willing to go to sleep in the middle of the floor, just stretched out laterally in the middle of the floor. She'd always slept on couches before. I had never seen her sleep in the middle of a floor. When I first got her, she wouldn't go into the kitchen. She'd run from the kitchen really fast. Now she's comfortable in any room of the house. While we were in Urbana, there was a lovely, really big dog park, really nice dog park, and I was able to go at off hours when there weren't many other dogs there. She was able to do that and be off-leash, and make dog friends, and eventually even make human friends. She even had some human friends that she really liked there. Now we're back in Massachusetts. She's able to hike off-leash with us in the forest, she is able to go to her chiropractor — she has chiropractic problems, probably from being so tense all the time — and she's able to handle that and not completely decompensate, and when people come over she now understands that while she thinks that all people are axe murderers, some of them do come with cheese, of which she is no longer scared, and so when people come over, she's nervous at first, they toss her some cheese, and now she's at the point where she'll sit and make cute faces at people to get cheese, which is really nice. The huge thing recently was I have a dog walker come now for her and Dash, and I tell the dog walker, "Let them both out to pee, that will be fine, but only take Dash for a walk. Jenny won't go for a walk with you." I got this text message from the dog walker saying, "I asked Dash if he wanted to go for a walk, and Jenny was really excited about it too. Can I take her?" I was like, "Sure, just be prepared to go home if she freaks out." But she didn't, and I got these great photographs of her on the walk really happy. So she's made massive progress. She's a really different dog than she used to be. So a lot of behavior modification, a lot of management, a lot of time, and a lot of her trying as well. She really likes people, and she really likes being near people. She's just scared of them, and I think she's really made an effort because of that. If she wasn't so people-social, I don't think she would have overcome everything as well as she has. But she continues to improve. I thought she'd plateau after a couple of years, but she has not. Nine years and she continues, she's better this year than she was last year. It's amazing. She's a fabulous little dog. Melissa Breau: Now on the flip side of that, with Dash you did all your homework, and I know you originally had some hopes to do agility with him, but now you're not sure that that's the path he'll take you down. Are you willing to talk about that a little bit? Jessica Hekman: When I got Jenny, I was interested in fearful dogs and I got sort of a sad project. When I got Dash, I was like, "I want a dog that will be fun, and I want to learn about what it's like to raise a puppy." I was interested in socialization as part of my job and my research, but I also really wanted to do dog sports, and agility in particular. So I went to a breeder who did agility and nosework and some other stuff wi…

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E86: Mike Shikashio - Dog-Dog Aggression Oct 26, 2018

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Summary: Mike specializes in working with aggressive dogs — we had him on the podcast to share how he defines the term and what tools and analogies he finds useful in working with these dogs and their owners! Next Episode: To be released 11/02/2018, our follow up on bringing home an adult dog series with Dr. Jessica Hekman, PhD, DVM TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be talking to Mike Shikashio. Mike is the past president of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC), and provides private consultations working exclusively with dog aggression cases through his business Complete Canines LLC. Michael is fully certified through the IAABC and is a full member of the Association of Professional Dog Trainers (APDT). He also offers mentoring and training to other professionals. Mike is sought after for his expert opinion by numerous media outlets, including the New York Times, New York Post, Baltimore Sun, WebMD, Women's Health Magazine, Real Simple Magazine, The Chronicle of the Dog, and Steve Dale's Pet World. He is a featured speaker on the topic of canine aggression at conferences and seminars around the world, and he currently teaches "Aggression Cases: A to Z" through The Dog Trainers Connection and the "Aggression in Dogs Mentorship" through the IAABC. Hi Mike! Welcome to the podcast. Mike Shikashio: Hi Melissa. Thanks for having me. I'm excited to be here. Melissa Breau: I'm excited to chat. To get us started, can you give us a little background about your dogs and what you work on with them? Mike Shikashio: I'm kind of a mixed blended family of dogs right now. My girlfriend just moved up from Chile, and she brought her black Lab/mixed-mutt dog up. But she makes me look good, this dog, because she was already trained because my girlfriend is also a trainer. So I haven't been doing a whole lot, but I do enjoy some off-leash hikes with her, and she's got a great recall, and so I've got it easy right now with dogs. Melissa Breau: Hey, that's the best. New dog comes in fully trained? You can't beat that. Mike Shikashio: Yeah, bonus! Melissa Breau: How did you originally get into dog training and end up in this crazy world? Mike Shikashio: I actually started out in the rescue world. I did a lot of fostering dogs when I was much younger, and as you get good as a foster parent, the rescues will start sending you more and more difficult dogs, so that's how I caught the training bug and the behavior bug, so to speak. I wanted to learn more about how to work with these foster dogs. At the same time, I always wanted to open my own dog business and dog-related business, so my original aspiration was to have a dog daycare/dog boarding kind of place. But then I got more into this training and behavior side of things, and that led me down the road of doing more research on my own and learning, and going to my first conferences and seminars, and doing things like that, and that's how it led me to where I am today, really getting focused on training behavior. So those foster dogs, I can give them the credit for making me want to learn more. Melissa Breau: Starting without necessarily a specific background in dogs or what have you, were you always a positive trainer? Is that where you got started, or what led you down that path? Mike Shikashio: I started out as more of a "traditional balanced trainer." One of my first mentors had a working military dog background, so that's what I started with, and some of the more traditional tools — pinch collars, e-collars, and things like that. Coincidentally, I was at the APDT conference this week and finally got to meet Jean Donaldson in person, believe it or not. I hadn't met her in person ever, and she mentioned to me she's not big into traveling, and so I think that's one of the reasons I hadn't met her at any of the previous conferences. But I got a chance to finally thank her, because one of the first books I read about the positive training world was The Culture Clash, and that really had an effect on my training methodology and getting into that side of the training world. So I finally got to say thank you to her. So I didn't start off as a positive trainer. I started off more on the balanced training side of things to where I moved on to where I am today with my training methodology. Melissa Breau: Would you mind talking a little bit about what your methodology is today? How do you describe it or what have you? Mike Shikashio: My work is exclusively with aggression in dogs, so I only take aggression cases. Most of the work I do, the methodology I use, is through behavior change strategies using desensitization and counter-conditioning, and also differential reinforcement or positive-reinforcement-based strategies to teach the dogs that … the old saying we hear, "What do you want to do instead?" So a lot of it is focused on that, and of course antecedent arrangements. A lot of it isn't just training and behavior modification. A lot of times I'm working in conjunction with vets in terms of addressing underlying health issues. So most of it is a combination of management and safety, environmental changes, and then working in conjunction with ancillary folks like the veterinary field, and then of course using those differential reinforcement and counter-conditioning strategies in my work with the aggressive dogs. Melissa Breau: Why aggression? You mentioned you do that exclusively now. What led you down that path and what keeps you there? Mike Shikashio: That's a question I get a lot. First and foremost, if people listen to this and they want to get into aggression, or they're taking a lot of aggression, I will say that you do have to love working with aggressive cases, or aggression cases, because there's weeks that can go by where I can work a bunch of cases and not even pet a dog. So you have to be prepared for that. You have to be prepared to have lots of dogs want to bite your face off the first few times you meet them, and see that day after day after day. So that's part of it is being able to have that, being able to cope with that and be able to come home and pet your own dog and meet a nice puppy every once in a while. But I think one of the most significant factors that got me into this is really helping the people and helping the dogs reestablish that human-animal bond. I think that's fractured a lot in aggression cases. A lot of clients are on their last leg or really struggling emotionally, and I found that repairing that and focusing on helping that relationship and affording the best outcome for the dog is what really got me into it. I saw I was able to make some significant changes in the future for these dogs by focusing on it. I also think that specializing — we see a lot of this now, and Denise Fenzi's a good example of that — specializing in certain areas of the dog-training world. Now we have the CSATs that focus on separation anxiety, we have people focusing on certain aspects of dog training, the dog sports world. If people asked me how to teach a dog how to go through weave poles, I would say, "I have no idea," and I would refer that on to somebody else. I think specializing allows you to get much better at the thing that you're specializing in much faster than if you were taking a variety of different cases. I also found that was one of the reasons I wanted to get just solely into aggression — because I wanted to be really good at it. So I said, "Let me try just taking aggression cases exclusively," and it's worked out really well. I think because you get to see the same things over and over, and so you're able to troubleshoot much faster. You're able to see the same things happening and get a general idea of what is happening in a case even before you step into it you'll start to see the same things over and over. I think that has a lot also, what to do, I want to focus on one area. Rather than being good at a lot of different things, I want to be great at one thing, so that's what led me down the road of working with just aggression. Melissa Breau: I think that's really important for professionals to realize that sometimes niching down is a great way to grow a business. It's not limiting the business. It's actually a way to become more successful. So I think that's a great point. Mike Shikashio: Absolutely, absolutely. I just listened to one of your recent podcasts and it was focused on business, and I think that's such an important point. A lot of folks are worried about, "I do this one thing exclusively, and now all those other clients I could take doing other behavior problems are off the table," but believe it or not, once people know you specialize in something, the business really takes off because you become that go-to person for that one area. Melissa Breau: Absolutely. Just to make sure everybody's on the same page in terms of terminology and what we're talking about here, when you say you only take aggression cases, what's the range of severity there? What does each end of that spectrum look like? Dig into that a little bit for me. Mike Shikashio: That's a great question, Melissa. I think piggybacking off the last question, I define aggression as basically whatever the client thinks is happening when they call me. I advertise for aggression in dogs, or people having problems with aggression, that keyword right there, because that's usually what people are searching for online, and that can fall into a wide range. Aggression itself, that's a construct or a label, so it can have different definitions. Even when you're talking to experts, or behavior experts, depending on who you're talking to, that definition is going to differ, so I just classify it or define it as whatever the clients are calling me for in the first place. That can be anything from a dog barking and lunging on leash at people and dogs, but no bite history, and it's perfectly social when they are close to people or other dogs, and so that might be labeled "reactive," or may not be labeled aggression, but the client contacted me because they think it's aggressive, so they will call me for that. The other end we might have true aggression, like aggressive behavior with biting, severe bite injuries, and things like that. So you can get any one of those extremes. You might even get, I get this sometimes, where it's a client that's got a puppy that's new to the home and they're just mouthing, and the client's not savvy with dogs, or it might be their first dog, and I'll get an e-mail: "Help, my dog is being so aggressive and is mauling me." You get there and it's just a typical case of a very mouthy puppy and those sharp puppy teeth. In my area you get a lot of retirees, so I'll get an elderly couple on blood thinners with a young Golden mouthy puppy, and it's a perfect storm of it looks like a horror show when you get there because the poor folks have all these Band-Aids and marks all over their arms. It's kind of a mismatch at that point of young puppy with elderly folks, but that's not of course what we would classify as aggression. Melissa Breau: Sometimes it's what you show up for, which leads really well into my next question, which is, how do you prepare for that first session? Sometimes owners definitely don't describe things the way that we would. What kind of information is "need to know," and how do you figure out what's really going on? Sometimes, like you said with that puppy situation, they're going to think the puppy is crazy-aggressive, and you show up and it's like, "Oh, this is actually pretty normal." How do you approach that? What do you do to prepare for a new client? Mike Shikashio: In terms of communicating with clients in aggression cases, one of the most important things to focus on in your initial contact with that client is getting information about any kind of bite incidents or the aggressive incidents which are why they're contacting you about. You want to know about the level of biting that's occurring, the severity of the biting, and also the context in which it's happening, so that way you can set things up safely for your arrival. That's what I focus on during my initial contact. I don't do a long intake form. I don't spend a whole lot of time on the phone or e-mailing clients. What I shoot straight for is that context of when the actual aggression incidents happen, so I can get information about how I'm going to set it up safely for my arrival, because even when you can go into very thorough, detailed information with a client on the phone, you still might not get a full picture. So I always err on the side of caution and assume that a bite might happen, if the dog has a bite history, so I'm always setting things up very safely. A good question to ask is, "What do you do with the dog now when people come over?" A lot of the clients will have already set up a system. Most of the time it's, "Oh, I just put him away," and that works really well also when I arrive, because then I can get detailed information during the first 15 to 30 minutes or so, where I do the information-gathering step of my consultation. That's usually, again, going to give you the most information about how to safely set up the dog, or get the dog out. That way, I can then get thorough information in front of the client and see the environment, and then determine the best way to meet the dog after that. I always stress that you always want to be very, very safe during your initial greetings with dogs, and your initial consult, until we have more information. Melissa Breau: I guess the hard question: Do you think that all dogs can be rehabilitated? Mike Shikashio: That term "rehabilitation" is sort of arguable in a sense, because it depends if you look at it from a behavioral standpoint when people talk about rehab, as sort of it leads you toward the dog having a certain illness, because that's sort of an ugly term in the human world, and if you look at physical rehabilitation, it implies fixing an issue. We know with behavior, once it's in the animal's behavior repertoire, it's technically always there. So I'm very careful about when clients use that term "rehab." I want to know their definition of it, because if they're implying that we're going to fix the problem, or the dog's never going to do the behavior again, that's going to skew potentially their goals. So I always explain to clients that the behavior — our goal is to make it less likely to happen. We reduce the likelihood of it to happen and to management and to behavior modification. So to say all dogs are rehab-able, again that's an arguable term. I think all dogs we can change behavior. In all animals we can change behavior. So that's what I focus on — making sure the clients understand how behavior works and how we can reduce the frequency of behaviors, and then they can start to understand. And also, of course, looking at the variables that affect behavior, the antecedent arrangements and the antecedents and things that can affect behavior. Once the client starts understanding and grasping those concepts — and using the layman…

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E84: Sara Brueske - "Evaluating & Adopting a New-to-You Adult Dog" Oct 19, 2018

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Summary: I got an email a few weeks ago from a listener, asking if I'd consider doing a podcast on doing sports with rescue dogs and/or dogs who join the family as adults. She suggested a number of excellent questions, so this will be the first of two podcasts where we'll look specifically at rescues and training for adult dogs, with plans to do sports with those dogs! Next Episode: To be released 10/26/2018, an interview with Mike Shikashio to talk about working with dog-dog aggression. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be doing something a little bit differently — I got an email a few weeks ago from a listener, asking if I'd consider doing a podcast on doing sports with rescue dogs and/or dogs who join the family as adults. She suggested a number of excellent questions, so this will be the first of two podcasts where we'll look specifically at rescues and training for adult dogs, with plans to do sports with those dogs. For this episode of the podcast, I'm here with Sara Brueske. Sara has been training dogs for over 15 years; she became a Karen Pryor Academy Certified Training Partner in 2011, and jumped into the world of professional dog training. Sara and her dogs work at Purina Farms in Missouri, where they demonstrate the sports of disc, agility, and dock diving for the public in over 200 shows each year. She has a mix of purpose-bred dogs and rescues, and also frequently fosters dogs who have sports potential. She and her dogs also compete nationwide. Currently, she is active in the sports of disc dog, agility, mondioring and dock diving — plus, she's a trick dog enthusiast. Sara has recently re-entered the world of competitive Disc Dog and was the 2016 overall UpDog International Champion as well as the 2017 UpDog Freestyle Champion. She believes in positive reinforcement not only for dogs, but for their handlers, and her biggest joy in training is watching a handler and dog become partners and grow as a team. Hi Sara! Welcome back to the podcast. Sara Brueske: Hi Melissa. Thank you for having me. Melissa Breau: Absolutely. To start us out, can you remind everyone just a little bit about your dogs and what you're working on with them? Sara Brueske: Sure. I have a lot of dogs, and every time I listen to your podcast, everybody lists off their dogs and what they do with their dogs. I'm not going to do all of that because I do have twelve dogs. Like you said, I have a mixture of purposely bred dogs, as well as rescue or rehomed dogs that were rehomed later in their lives. My smallest dog is a 6-pound Papillion named Rush, and he does all the sports everybody else does — he does agility, Frisbee, and dock diving, believe it or not — all the way up to I have a couple of Malinois that I do a few sports with. Creature is my youngest Malinois, he is training in mondioring. Famous does mondioring as well as dock diving, Frisbee, agility. I have a few Border Collies, a Border Staffie, I do breed Australian Koolies as well, so four of those. And I have a Labrador Retriever. So lots of dogs. Melissa Breau: How many of that current mix are rescue dogs or dogs that you have as adults? Sara Brueske: I have five of those twelve that are either rescue or rehomed dogs. I want to touch on that a little more before we get into this. I lumped those dogs in together, whether they were adopted from a shelter or a rescue organization or if they were privately rehomed, and so five of my dogs have been acquired through one of those means. Edgar — I have a Boston Terrier/Shih-Tzu mix — I adopted him from a local animal shelter when he was about 5 or 6 months old. He was turned in because he had had double cherry-eye surgery and his family couldn't afford that. So I have him, and I have Taboo, my Border Collie/Staffordshire Bull Terrier mix, and she was rescued from a little bit of a neglectful situation — her owner had too many dogs and couldn't properly care for them. And then I have Kickstart, who was a private rehome, as well as Knockout Nellie, my Labrador, who was a private rehome, and then Zuma, who is my very first Frisbee dog. She's a Border Collie mix who was adopted from a herding-breed-specific rescue up in Minnesota. She was found as a stray in Missouri. Melissa Breau: You're kind of in a unique position, since your dogs are your job and they earn their keep. I'd love to talk about how you evaluate potential dogs to determine if you think they'd be a good fit for sports. Maybe you could start by talking a little bit about general temperament. What kind of temperament do you want for a sports candidate and how do you begin to evaluate if a dog has that temperament when you're meeting them? Sara Brueske: I do a lot of evaluations for potential sport dogs. I am approached quite often by either rescue shelters or private adopters who want a dog evaluated to see if they think it's a good sport candidate. I do have a bit that I'm looking for versus what a normal, average sport handler could handle. What I'm looking for is pretty excessive as far as the temperament soundness of a dog because of what I do. We do perform in front of thousands of people, a lot of times they're waving corndogs in our dogs' faces, there's a lot of loud noises, it's an unpredictable atmosphere, and so I really need a very stable temperament dog, somebody who has crazy-high drive for toys or food, one that has nice, natural handler focus where I don't really have to spend a lot of time building that relationship. So for me that's really, really important, having those things. So that natural handler focus, food drive, toy drive — I want to see all of those. I would love it if a dog has a natural retrieve and you throw something out and they automatically re-orientate back to me, because that's less I have to teach them. And I love it if the dog already has tug, because tugging is a huge thing as a reinforcer. Melissa Breau: What other traits do you look for when you're evaluating a dog? Sara Brueske: I look for, personally, a very environmentally stable dog, one that will perform anywhere, regardless of the distractions. So when I evaluate those dogs for myself, or even dogs that people bring to me, I always try to evaluate them in a new location, somewhere that doesn't have a lot of distractions, because I don't really want to put them through the test, but somewhere they haven't been before, rather than in maybe the foster home's backyard, or a dog park that they frequent, or something along those lines. I want it to be a novel location for that dog. The other thing I want to do is I want to try to observe that dog. I don't want to just interact with them right away. I want to see how long does it take for them to seek out attention from me, how long does it take them to stop sniffing one spot in particular, or to stop looking at the birds, or that sort of thing. The other part is — I want to dive back to that handler focus — is I don't really necessarily worry if they don't interact with me, the new person, the evaluator, right away. I want to see how they interact with their established handler. This doesn't work so well with shelter dogs because they typically have many handlers that work with them, but maybe dogs that are in a foster home situation or a private rehome situation. I want to see that they're engaging easily with their handler, their owner, foster, whatever it may be, or are they fighting for their attention, that sort of deal. Do they immediately engage and start playing with them in that new location. Melissa Breau: You said in there how long it takes them to refocus on you, and stuff like that. When you talk about time length, obviously anybody who hears this is going to go, "What is a really long time, and what is a reasonable amount of time for a dog in a new environment need to absorb things?" Sara Brueske: I was thinking about this before I came on here. It's such a gut instinct when it comes to these sort of things. I don't want a dog that takes minutes, obviously. They sniff one spot and they check in with me, and they go sniff another spot and they check in with me, that sort of deal. I don't want them just head down the entire time. And maybe if I do come towards that dog, I want them interacting with me a little bit. A head check back to me sort of deal, or if I call them over, I want to see some sort of interaction and some sort of reaction to me seeking out their attention. I don't want a dog that just blows me off because there might be a rabbit smell further out there. Also, if I go out there with cookies, do they come out and do they want the treats right away, or do they take one and then wander away. That sort of deal. Melissa Breau: Are there "red flags" or things that immediately make you think, "This dog would probably not be a good sports candidate"? Sara Brueske: I have a few red flags I tend to avoid personally, and then there's some red flags I tell a lot of people to avoid. Aggression to handling — this is somebody they know, their handler or somebody they interact with on a daily basis, and that person says, "I can't really reach and grab their collar," something along those lines that shows me that the dog might be distrustful of people. That's a big hurdle to overcome. When you're looking for a sport candidate, a lot of people just want to dive right into the fun training right away, and so that's something that would be a big obstacle for them to have to overcome before they start that sport training. I don't want to see them ignore that current handler, so if that handler is calling to them and the dog is like, "No, I'm going to sniff over here, I'm totally ignoring you," or they're not taking food from that current handler, or they're not out playing with that current handler, those are huge red flags to me. That shows me that maybe the drive isn't quite where we want it to be, maybe their handler focus isn't quite where we want it to be, or maybe there might be an environmental issue. We don't really know in that short amount of time, but it's going to be one of those issues. A couple of other red flags would be reactivity to dogs or people, combined with low drive or lack of handler focus. So not reactivity by itself. I have a few dogs that are either human-reactive or dog-reactive, or even environmentally reactive, but because their food drive or their toy drive or their relationship with me is strong enough, that naturally overcomes and allows me to have some way to work with that reactivity, so it's easier for me to overcome that particular obstacle. But if I have a dog that has lower drive and lower handler focus, it's going to be a lot harder for me to overcome that obstacle in a reasonable amount of time. The other red flag … we all know that dog sports is not just going there and competing with your dog and doing the exercises. There's a lot more to it. There may be travel, there may be going to classes, there might be a whole weekend experience where your dog is in a crate a lot of the time. So if I have a dog that can't settle and relax in a crate, or they have a previous history of showing separation anxiety, or escaping out of crates, or any of those type of issues, it's going to be harder for my dog to adjust in a trial setting, and that's very important when you're looking at a sport or performance dog. The same with what I do with shows. If I'm traveling across states to do a show, I need a dog that can do that and relax, so that by the time I get there to the show I have some dog left rather than an anxious dog to work with. Melissa Breau: I think we saw a lot of interesting bits and pieces in there, especially when it came to the reactivity not necessarily being a disqualifier for a dog that you're evaluating for sports, so long as you have tools in the toolbox right — something so that you can work with it? Sara Brueske: If we look at Zuma, she is my first rescue dog, a dog I trialed in agility, she has a few titles before she injured her shoulders, as well as I competed in Frisbee with her and she still does shows with me today. She is very dog-reactive, but I was able to use some management tools based on her drive in a trial setting for agility as well as Frisbee that it didn't really impact our performances at all. It didn't take a long time to overcome that issue because she was so driven to work with me, as well as having adequate food drive and toy drive for that. Now if you look at Edgar, my Boston Terrier/Shih-Tzu mix, he's pretty human-reactive. He's very uncertain around people, especially adults, and so that's very challenging for him to perform in front of a crowd. However, his food drive is off the charts. He is a nutty, crazy boy, and so I was able to help him overcome that pretty easily so that he works in our shows on a regular basis and he does a great, phenomenal job, and he has fun, which is the most important part. Melissa Breau: Absolutely. That's definitely not to be under-valued: making sure that they're still having a good time. Sara Brueske: Yes. Melissa Breau: Are there things that immediately make you think a dog is especially trainable, or traits that are "must haves" when it comes to potential sport dogs? Sara Brueske: I think those are actually two very different things. When I think of a dog that's especially trainable, I think of a dog that is far on the spectrum of, "This dog is going to be really easy," or "I can get this dog in shows really fast," or "This dog is going to make a fantastic trial dog for somebody without having to do a lot of additional training on top of the training required for that sport," versus a "must have." For must-haves, I kind of mentioned those already. I want to have some drive for either food or toys, preferably both, because it's a lot easier to manage arousal levels and that sort of thing if you have both of those drives. But depending on the sport, one or the other works great. And then an environmentally stable dog would be nice to have so you don't have to overcome a lot of anxiety issues, as well as a dog that is OK being crated in a strange situation, or a dog that at least doesn't have a history of being anxious in a crate, so that you can start from scratch with that. For a dog that's especially trainable, when I'm evaluating them in that new environment, I want a dog that acclimates super-fast. They know the game of fetch, they're throwing their ball at me immediately, or at least throwing it at their handler immediately. They want to engage, they want to play, regardless of their surroundings. That, to me, is like the best dog. One that's focused and engaged with the current handler, one that plays with me easily without even questioning it. They're just like, "Somebody throw this ball, somebody play tug with me, somebody give me a cookie." And one that doesn't disconnect despite the distractions around, so if another dog happens to walk by, they're not like, "Oh hey, let me go check out that dog." They're super laser-focused onto what we're doing. There have been a few dogs I've evaluated that that's what I get. They walk onto the field, leash comes off, and they a…

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E83: Nancy Gagliardi Little - "From Agility Startlines to Problem Solving Obedience" Oct 12, 2018

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Summary: Nancy Gagliardi Little has been training dogs since the early 1980s, when she put an OTCH on her Novice A dog, a Labrador Retriever. Since then she has put many advanced obedience titles on her dogs, and multiple championships in herding and agility. Next Episode: To be released 10/19/2018, an interview with Sara Brueske on bringing an adult dog and/or rescue into your household as a sports prospect. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we have Nancy Gagliardi Little back on the podcast. Nancy has been training dogs since the early 1980s, when she put an OTCH on her Novice A dog, a Labrador Retriever. Since then she has put many advanced obedience titles on her dogs, and multiple championships in herding and agility. Welcome back to the podcast, Nancy! Nancy Gagliardi Little: Thanks Melissa. It's great to be here. Melissa Breau: To start us out, can you just remind listeners a little bit about who you are and who the dogs are that you share your life with? Nancy Gagliardi Little: I'm Nancy Little and I live in Minnesota. I train in obedience and agility, but I'm competing most in agility. We have four Border Collies in the house and a Toller. The Toller is my husband's dog. He's a 3-year-old dog named Rugby. My dogs are all spanned out from 14 years to 10 months of age. Score is my oldest. He's retired, obviously, he's 14 years old. I trialed him in herding and agility. He has his herding … actually he's very, very close to finishing his herding championship, but I never did finish it. And he has MACH … I don't remember how many, I think it was a MACH 2. Schema is my 10-and-a-half-year-old Border Collie, and I'm just blessed that she's still trialing. She's still trialing in agility, and she has a MACH 2, a PACH, which is a Preferred Agility Championship, and an ADCH from USDAA. Like I said, she's running in Preferred. She is qualified for AKC Nationals. This is the sixth year, I think, that she's qualified, which is amazing. I'm really proud of her accomplishments this past year. Like I say, I'm just blessed that she's still running. She's 10-and-a-half years old. She had an injury this year. She was out for three months with a bit of a back strain. She still ended up being the Number 3 Preferred Border Collie in the AKC Invitational rankings, which I had no plan on. I'm not doing anything in terms of Invitational rankings, because with Border Collies it's just ridiculous. But I got notified that she was the Number 3 Preferred dog, which is amazing since she was out for three months. She's just very consistent and she's very fast. She also, for all breeds, there's another ranking system called the Power 60, which is done by Bad Dog Agility for the year ending in … I guess it was the second quarter. She was the Number 1 All Breed in the 16-inch Preferred. Of course she, in June, brought me back into obedience for a little bit. Our agility club that I was on the trial committee was also hosting, besides an agility trial, we used to have a two-ring agility trial, and we put on an obedience trial as well. She's trained in obedience, and I brought her out for the first time in Beginner Novice, and that was kind of fun to get two legs. Melissa Breau: That's awesome. Nancy Gagliardi Little: It was fun to finish that off. Then there's Lever. He's 5. He just qualified for the first time for AKC Agility Nationals and he's working on his MACH in AKC. Then I have my youngest, her name is Pose. She's Lever's daughter and she's 10 months old. So that's my group. I have a lot of fun with all of them for different reasons. Melissa Breau: It's neat because you've got a wide range of skills and ages and can do lots of different stuff. I'd imagine training day at your house is probably quite the mix of things. Nancy Gagliardi Little: It is, because I still want to work … Score goes out with me and trains. He's around when I'm training all the time. He just kind of hangs out. It gets him exercise and he enjoys being out with the other dogs. He provides a great distraction because he's always trying to get in close to me. Melissa Breau: Since you have a young dog, what are you focusing on with her right now? What do you hope to achieve long-term? Nancy Gagliardi Little: Well, I love agility obviously a lot, so my goals are going to be, or hopefully will be, that we compete in agility. But I plan on training her in obedience and herding as well, and time will tell what I decide to do in those areas. But I absolutely love puppy training, so I'm enjoying this time with her. She's learning lots of very important skills right now. I'm lucky that she's able to come to work with me when I teach at the training school. Also when I'm at competition, she comes with me. She goes everywhere with me. She's learned to be relaxed and quiet. I keep her in an X-pen when I'm teaching. Also when I'm competing with Lever and Schema, she's crated, and she's learning how to exist among all the chaos at the agility trials and when I'm teaching. She hears my voice and she's super quiet. So I'm really proud of how she's adjusted to that. She acclimates nicely when she's crated at the trials. I really like that. She's one of the best dogs I've had coming up in terms of being able to relax and chill. What she's learning — there's nothing really big right now. She's 10 months old and I feel like she doesn't know anything, but yet she does know a lot. I've focused a lot on toy games, tugging games, some personal play she's really good at, and food games. We do that in different environments, and I've got a lot of opportunities around the school to be able to train around other dogs, also including my own dogs, which are quite the distraction for her because it gets her arousal up and some competitiveness, which is always good. So we work on things like that. I like to move her back and forth between high-arousal and low-arousal behaviors, because that's an issue with Border Collies is that a lot of times they get that high arousal and they can't mentally function, so just getting her to shift around from being pretty high to thinking things through has been fun. She's done really well. She can make that shift really well. In terms of the foundation stuff I'm working on, event markers, do a lot of stuff with that, stationing, just to make sure that I have a place to start and stop and think about things, and then I also work my startlines from stations. I start that initial work, pivots, targeting, wraps around wings or cones, and the beginning of two on, two off. This is funny — I listened to Shade's podcast, and she was talking about her puppy and the sit, and it's like, "Oh, that's exactly what's going on with Pose." I just recently started working her on her sit because I didn't really like the way she was sitting. She was growing fast and her rear feet were all over the place. I mean, she would sit, but she's so bendy and all over the place that I was like, "Well, I don't think we're going to do this right now." I just started working on it now, and she's really tightened up everything. It's interesting how many people ask puppies to sit, and she just looks at them like, "What? I don't know what that means." So it's surprising for them to learn that she doesn't know how to sit. That's the big thing we just started working on now, because I wanted to start working on her startline and her different positions — sit and down and those kinds of things. Melissa Breau: You're talking a little bit about startlines in there. Have you started working on startlines with her yet? Nancy Gagliardi Little: Yes, she does have the beginning of a startline. The sit is not really something that I need before I start working on the beginning of a startline, and as we talk through here, you'll see that most of it is just for her learning what the release cue is, and you can do that from any position. So she's actually got a fairly decent and I'll still call it beginning of a startline, so I'm happy with that. Melissa Breau: I saw a question pop up in one of the Fenzi Facebook groups the other day where a competitor mentioned her dog's startline had eroded and she was starting to retrain it. What are some of the early signs that a dog's startline may be beginning to or about to fall apart? Nancy Gagliardi Little: What happens is most people watch for the dog's feet or body movement as mistakes. By doing that, you're missing the early signs that there's issues. So in terms of getting early signs that the startline is about to fall apart, I think it's more important to pay attention to facial expressions and what's going on emotionally: what is she looking at, how is she processing, how is she evaluating what's in front of her, how is she really seeing toys as reinforcement for whatever is happening there, and then just paying attention to how she's appearing and how she's responding, I know whether the startline is confident and stable. Those are the early signs, and I don't think people pay attention to that, that look on the dog's face of "Huh?" or something's bothering them, their head dips, there's lip licking, ears are back, the kind of facial expression that tells you that something's happening, That's in the context of the startline, and once that starts happening, you're going to start to see more movement. So it's kind of a head issue, a mental issue, it's just checking their emotional state. Melissa Breau: If somebody does catch it early, or they start to see some of the signs start to creep in, what is the best way to re-establish that strong startline that hopefully they had at one point? Nancy Gagliardi Little: If they had a really good startline and are catching it early, then there's some things to keep in mind. When there's mistakes, like I said previously, the focus should be first on the dog's emotions, because a confident, happy dog is much more likely to be able to understand what's being asked. It's also going to make the trainer more aware of frustration or confusion coming from the dog, focusing on that emotional state. Like I said previously, the trainers are relying on the dog's body movement as an indicator of an issue, and that is always too late, in my opinion. So that's the most important step in re-establishing or maintaining a startline. The second thing would be teach a reliable release. The release cue is truly the easiest way to get a reliable startline stay. Training a strong release cue. In the world of agility, there's so much information for the dog to process because of the atmosphere and the energy in the sport. For a dog to have a well-trained startline, the handler needs to eliminate all these extra prompts and movements that are associated with, and they also predict the release cue. Many dogs are breaking the startline because they're frustrated, or they're anxious or confused because the actual release cue is different than the handler is intending it to be. The other thing that can happen is the dog just can't predict when the release cue will be given. There's all kinds of extra motion, and they're back there watching the handler and getting all twitchy because they're not sure when they're going to turn and give the release. Training a reliable release is another one of the big ones. The third one is — this is another issue, too, that I'm kind of surprised at — is startline behaviors that the dog has, or what you have to train. Make sure that the dog is trained so that they understand the criteria and the dog is in control of it. A big issue is when handlers attempt to control the stay. They physically place the dog into position, or they're repeating the stay cue over and over, verbal … I'll say threats like, "You stay, you stay," or "Hey," things like that, as the handler leaves. Another thing is facing the dog. As the handler is moving away, they're facing the dog. All of these behaviors, these are behaviors by the handler. They're all controlling behaviors, and it's a sure way to create a frustrated and confused dog. Those are eventually going to break down any trained behaviors, because dogs want to be in control and they like being in control. The funny thing is, I hear this a lot, is that handlers will label their dogs as pushy or naughty, and usually it's the handler's fault for not training the behavior so that the dog offers it and maintains it on their own without the handler intervening. The very last thing that is important is handler connection. The dogs do much better with startlines when the handler leads out and is super connected with their dog. Some dogs don't have issues with a lack of connection with the handler, but lots of times the startline issues are resolved when the handler learns how to lead out and continues to stay connected with the dog. So those are four areas that I keep in mind when there's mistakes, and those are based on if the dog had a strong startline previously. That way, when some of these things are caught early, it's really easy to fix. Melissa Breau: I'd imagine, though, that sometimes figuring out what it is, or breaking it down, can be hard, especially if a dog doesn't maintain their stay and you are getting some movement, and then you let them run anyway, that's reinforcing that behavior, assuming the dog likes agility, which I think is probably a safe assumption for our audience. And if you don't let them run, you're increasing frustration, which might further erode the stay and have other fallout. So can you talk about that a bit, how you handle problems if they do pop up? And maybe what some of the pros and cons are of the options that competitors have in that situation? Nancy Gagliardi Little: You're right. Every time the dog leaves before the release cue, that behavior gets stronger, and as you said, dogs love doing agility, and so it's a really strong reinforcement to go and to run. So there's lots of strong behavior chains that are unintentionally built into the startline routine as the dog starts a set of unwanted behaviors. Those behaviors continue to be reinforced as the handler moves forward in that routine until the dog's running the course. So problem-solving startlines are kind of complex and they depend on the history of the issue, the dog, and the handler. The cool thing and the reason why I like this so much, this stuff, is there's never a simple, cookie-cutter approach. But obviously the best scenario is catching it early and not allowing it to occur at the trials. Once it continues at the trials, you get a long history of that behavior, it's a little more difficult, but you can still fix them. So I like to help handlers develop a plan for their particular situation, and they vary a lot. It would involve a training plan, handling plan or changes, and how to handle mistakes. Those are big ones because every dog is different. It's going to vary a lot between teams. Regarding the pros and cons, that's go…

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E83: Stacy Barnett - "A Deep Dive into Canine Scentwork" Oct 05, 2018

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Summary: Stacy Barnett is an active competitor in Nosework, Tracking, Obedience, Rally, Agility and Barn Hunt, but Scent Sports are her primary focus and her first love. She is an AKC Judge and contractor, as well as an instructor at FDSA. She hosts the Scentsabilities podcast and blogs regularly on nosework topics at www.scentsabilitiesnw.com. Next Episode: To be released 10/12/2018, an interview with Nancy Gagliardi Little on agility startlines and obedience. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we'll be talking to Stacy Barnett. Stacy is an active competitor in Nosework, Tracking, Obedience, Rally, Agility and Barn Hunt, but Scent Sports are her primary focus and her first love. She is an AKC Judge and contractor, as well as an instructor at FDSA. She hosts the Scentsabilities podcast and blogs regularly on nosework topics at www.scentsabilitiesnw.com — nw is for nosework. I'll be sure to include a link in the show notes for anybody who is interested. Hi Stacy, welcome back to the podcast. Stacy Barnett: Hi Melissa. How are you? Melissa Breau: Good. I'm excited to chat. It's morning for us now, so good morning. Stacy Barnett: Oh, I don't even know what time it is. I flew in from Reno last night, and I was in Sweden right before that, so my body's very confused. So if you tell me it's morning, I'll just believe you. I've got a little bit of jetlag going on. Melissa Breau: All different sorts of time zones. Stacy Barnett: Yes. Melissa Breau: To get us started, do you want to just remind listeners a little bit about who the dogs are that you share your life with? Stacy Barnett: Sure, sure. I've got four hooligans that live in my house and that I love and that I work with. Joey is my senior poodle. He is turning 11, I think this week. He's at the NW 3 level, which is the third level. Then I have a 7-year-old miniature American Shepherd, or mini Aussie. He's at the NW 2 level. Then I have two Labradors. They're my primary nosework competition dogs. I have Judd. Judd is my 9-year-old. He is a Summit title holder, which puts him at the top of his sport. It's really, really exciting. That happened recently. And an 18-month-old Labrador female named Brava. She's full of vinegar. Really, really a fun dog, high, high drive, and she's really teaching me a lot about arousal. Melissa Breau: I want to do a deep dive on nosework today — starting with some of the science-y stuff. What is it about a dog, biologically, that really allows them to excel when it comes to identifying a scent and then tracking it to the source? Stacy Barnett: I love the science behind this. This is probably one of the reasons why I love nosework so much is I'm a little bit of a geek and I have a scientific background. But what I love about this is that there's a lot of history here. Dogs evolved from wolves. Wolves, if you think about it, have to travel long distances in order to find their prey. They go over miles and miles and miles and miles to find that large prey, and to do that, they have to use their noses, and they have to be able to track, and they have to be able to hunt. Dogs have inherited that ability, and if you look at them from a biological perspective, they all have that ability. Twelve-and-a-half percent of their brain is dedicated to olfaction, so the olfactory lobe is 12-and-a-half percent, it's one-eighth of their brain. The other part of it is that the nose itself. They have the ability to scent directionally. You and I have the ability to hear directionally, so if I'm standing in front of you, you know I'm standing in front of you, because we have space between our ears, and this space is what allows us to hear in stereo. Dogs can smell in stereo because they have space between their nostrils. It has to do with what they call aerodynamic reach. The difference between the space in the nostrils and aerodynamic reach, it's kind of technical, but it's one of the reasons why they can scent directionally. Every breed can do this. Every breed, from a Chihuahua up to a Great Dane, it doesn't matter how big or small their nose is, they still have that space between their nostrils. So there's that, and they also have the ability, when they sniff in and they blow out, they have these slits on the side of their nose, so the air blows out of the side of their nose, and it doesn't disturb the scent that's being pulled in in the next sniff. It's fascinating. Melissa Breau: It is pretty neat, especially thinking about the directional piece of it. I imagine it plays such a big role when you're doing something like scentwork. Stacy Barnett: Oh, totally. Totally. Melissa Breau: Obviously, our noses can't even come close … so when we're teaching a dog nosework, once a team is past the basics, what factors influence the difficulty of that search? Stacy Barnett: There's so many factors. Airflow is a big part of it. From an airflow perspective, airflow is caused by air pressure differentials, which means that there's differences in air pressure. Air will move from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area, so that causes air to flow. Air also moves because of temperature differentials. We all know hot air rises and cool air falls, so if you get an area that's more in the sun, the air is going to rise and it's going to fall in a shady area. So there's that. You also have the aspect of how long the hides have been in the area. We call that aging. That is basically, because of the process of diffusion, the longer the hide is aged, the larger the scent cone is going to be. What you're going to find is that it also depends on how many hides you have and what proximity those hides are to each other, and if you have high hides, if you have low hides, and how the hides interact, because it becomes exponentially more difficult when you have more than one hide out. The other thing is if you have a change in slope, so if you're scenting and you're on a slope, that can make a big difference. Standing water, moisture, rain, really the possibilities are endless, and it's one of the coolest things about this sport, because every time you go to do a search, it's different. You can never duplicate the same search. It's always different, it's always cool, it's always fresh. It's always fun. Melissa Breau: I want to talk about some of that terminology for a minute — can you just talk us through that? I know you mentioned airflow and aging and scent cones. Can you define what some of those things are, if people are new to this? Stacy Barnett: Think about a scent cone. We call it a scent cone. People often think in their head, they think of an ice cream cone, but it's really not that accurate. The scent cone is the plume of odor that we can't see, but it's out there because the odor has diffused, or the molecules have left the source, and it becomes like a plume in the air that the dog is following. A scent cone looks like, if you look at a smokestack, and with a smokestack you can kind of see the plume and it goes in the direction that the air is flowing. So if the wind is going from north to south, your plume is going to go from north to south. That's going to be more what a scent cone actually looks like. If you think about it, when you have less airflow, it's not quite as windy, your scent cone is going to be a little bit wider, and when you get a windy condition, you get a narrow scent cone, which is more like if you had a water hose and you were to put it on high pressure. So that scent cone is going to go farther and it's going to be narrower, so where the dog intersects is going to be different. Aging has to do with … we call it aging, and it's essentially how long the hide has been out and sitting out, because it changes how the dog has to work the hide. Then we have things like pooling odor. Pooling odor is, if you think about a pool of water, that's exactly what happens. That odor pools in an area and it collects in an area. That's a lot of fun too. Melissa Breau: Since we can't "see" scent, and obviously we don't smell it, how do we really know all this about the way that scents travel? How do we know what we know? Stacy Barnett: We call it scent theory, and we call it scent theory for a reason: because it's theory. My own background is I have a chemical engineering degree. I pull from my understanding of fluid flow dynamics in order to really understand odor. Air is just another fluid. It's a gas, but gas is just a fluid in a different state. It all follows fluid flow mechanics. But I think the easiest way to think about it is to think about water. If you think about how water flows, like water in a stream, you can understand turbulence, there's eddies, all these things happen with air. You get turbulence, you get eddies, because when water hits a rock in a stream, you get the turbulence before and after the rock. The same thing happens with air. So if we can understand how air flows, we know how the odor is carried on that air. Again, it's theory, but I think we have a pretty good grasp of it. I like to think about that, or think about a smokestack or something like that, to give a visual, because if we can understand a visual, we can start to figure out what it's actually doing. We can't smell it the way that the dogs can smell it, but if we can have a visual, I think it helps us. Melissa Breau: Thinking through that for a minute, if there are multiple hides in a room, and you get multiple scent cones, and some of those maybe even overlap … how do you begin to teach the dog this idea that there are multiple hides, and OK, they found one, they need to go find another one. I feel like that's a complex concept, and maybe they even have to return to where they started in order to trace it to source. Stacy Barnett: That is all about converging odor. That's what we call it, where you have different scent cones and the scent cones overlap. It's very complicated for the dog to find it, but they're absolutely capable of doing this. What I usually do is I start with the hides fairly far apart, and then I start to set a situation up where the scent cones start to overlap. But what's hard is that the dog has to … oh, and when they go from one hide and to help them move to another, you can actually help move with your body. And I cue them with a word. I say, "Find another." "Find another" means "That hide is done, it's finished, let's go find another hide." And the body motion helps to move the dog into a new area, because they're going to follow your body motion. So that really helps. You also have to start realizing dogs are hardwired for "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush." So they're going to be hardwired to ignore another hide for the hide that they're already at, so you have to start to figure out your reward schedules and whether or not you're going to re-feed at that hide if they come back to it. What's easy in the beginning is to work the dog on leash, so that you can use the leash to help them stay, to not return to the original hide. From a re-feeding perspective, I do always re-feed the hide if the dog has confidence or motivation issues or if the dog is very green. Once I know the dog is confident and motivated and the dog is not as green, I start not re-feeding the hide because I want them to know that that hide is finished and they have to find the next one. Melissa Breau: I think it's an interesting process where you don't want to erode your confidence, so sometimes you do want to reward them for finding it, but it definitely depends on the dog and the experience level. That makes sense. Stacy Barnett: And sometimes the dog actually has to go back to that hide in order to find the next hide because of the way that the scent cones overlap. They can get information at that hide, and we call it anchoring. So they can go back to that hide and they can say, "Oh wow, there's another scent cone," and they can go from that hide to the next hide by getting the information for the second hide at the first hide. Melissa Breau: When there is something pooling odor, or the scent cones intersect, how are you building those things gradually? I know you mentioned usually you start with two hides far apart and you move them closer together. What are some of the other things you do to build those skills gradually and set the dog up for success? Stacy Barnett: It's all about hide placement, because if you have two hides, and you have two difficult hides, that's going to be a lot harder than if you have two easy hides. So I like to do things systematically, especially when I teach converging odor. And pooling odor, if you add pooling odor with converging odor, that's really challenging. So I try to avoid the pooling odor aspect when I'm introducing converging odor, and when I'm doing converging odor I try to be very systematic so that the dog understands how to solve these problems. I want to keep it simple in the beginning and not make it terribly complex, so I make sure that the dog understands and learns how to source different permutations of accessible hides, inaccessible hides, elevated hides, low hides, two hides, three hides. I try to get very systematic about it. Melissa Breau: I know confidence is a really big piece of what you do and what you train for, so I'd love to talk about that in trialing a little bit. When trialing and you have a dog who isn't super confident, how can you tell when it's just that they're working something that's more complex versus when they are struggling because of stress or because of a lack of confidence? Stacy Barnett: You really need to pay attention to your dog. You have to look for the dog's enthusiasm level, and you have to really look for the stress signals that they're giving you. If you look at the enthusiasm level, if the enthusiasm stays up, then they're not stressed out and they can continue to work. But if you start seeing waning enthusiasm, or the dog is starting to check out, or the dog starts getting distracted, or the dog starts sniffing the ground, or the dog scratches or shakes off, these can be different indications that maybe the dog is a little frustrated or a little confused, and both frustration and confusion can help to lower confidence, which is not what we want. We want to try to work the dog in a state where they're not confused and they're not frustrated, so that they can build up their own self-confidence and their own skill set, and ultimately they'll be more successful and you'll be able to keep their focus a little bit more. Melissa Breau: If you have a dog that isn't super confident and you're in that competition environment, what can you do to make sure you're supporting them or helping them, and set them up for success even at a trial or in that kind of a situation? Stacy Barnett: I think you also need to know your dog. Nosework really is a confidence-building skill. However, it's a confidence-building activity. It doesn't mean that trialing is confidence-building. So in preparation for that trial, you need to get the dog into a situation that you know they're prepared going into it. It's just like any other sport. We certainly wouldn…

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E82: Shade Whitesel - Concepts for Competition Sep 28, 2018

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Summary: Shade has been training and competing in dog sports since she was a kid. She has successfully competed in Schutzhund, AKC obedience and French Ring and her focus is really on clear communication with your dog. She also recently launched a blog on her website, which all of you should check out at www.shadesdogtraining.com. Next Episode: To be released 10/05/2018, an interview with Stacy Barnett to take a deeper dive into scentwork than we have previously here on the podcast, talking about everything from start line routines to scent cones and converging odor. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we have Shade Whitesel back on the podcast to talk about concepts of competition. For those of you who haven't heard the previous episodes with Shade, Shade has been training and competing in dog sports since she was a kid. She has successfully competed in Schutzhund, AKC obedience and French Ring, and her focus is really on clear communication with your dog. She also recently launched a blog on her website, which all of you should check out at www.shadesdogtraining.net. Welcome back to the podcast, Shade! Shade Whitesel: Thank you Melissa. Thanks for having me on again. Melissa Breau: Of course! To start us out, do you want to just remind listeners a little bit about who you are and share a little about the dogs you share your life with … including of course that newest addition? Shade Whitesel: Well, we've got six dogs right now. We've got three old ones — 10 and a half, 11 and a half, and 12 — so it's going to be a hard couple of years, but they're all doing really well. And we have two we call the twins, which is Bailey and Ones, who are almost 6. And the new arrival is a 4-month-old German Shepherd puppy. All of them are German Shepherds, with the exception of one of our old ones, who is a German Shepherd/Australian Shepherd mix. So yeah, we've got a full house here, including two kitties, so a lot of individuals in our small house. Melissa Breau: So let's start with the puppy. It's Talic, right? Am I pronouncing it right? Shade Whitesell: Yeah, you're pronouncing it great. Melissa Breau: All right. So I'm pretty sure it's puppy season, because it feels like everybody has puppies right now. I talked to Sarah Stremming and Leslie about Watson, and I talked to Hannah recently about Figment, and I've asked everybody a different version of this question, but … with a new puppy in the house, what have you been focusing on? Shade Whitesel: Well, I haven't listened to what they said, so I'm interested in what they said. But I'm really about building his reinforcements, like, how I'm going to reinforce him, which means training his toy skills, how to use "chase" and "strike" as reinforcement, will you eat food here, will you eat food there, and then also, as far as skill-wise, how to move his body. Onesie's got some challenges in his body as far as doing Schutzhund, and Schutzhund is physically challenging on the dogs, so I'm wanting Talic to understand how to move his body in different directions, how to be two on, two off, hind feet. I just want him to be really aware and really flexible and really supple, so I've been concentrating a lot on shaping skills like that. And he still does not know how to sit, and that's not a bad thing. He knows a lot of other words that mean reinforcement, but it's mainly about building the joy in what I can give him, because that's what I'm going to be using to teach all the behaviors, like sit, and if I don't have the reinforcement, then I can't get the sit. Melissa Breau: We see that pop up on the Facebook page every so often, where people are like, "I have a puppy and I just realized that he's however many month's old and he doesn't actually have that many things on verbal." It's like, they'll come, they'll happen, as long as you've got the other pieces. With new puppies, one of the places people tend to struggle is looking at those long-term goals — like you mentioned Schutzhund — that they have for that dog, and figuring out what to teach more immediately or in the short term. Can you talk a little bit about what your longer-term goals are with Talic and how you're starting to prepare him for that? Shade Whitesel: Short term is basically the reinforcement, and how to move his body, and long term would be Schutzhund and AKC. I really want him to be OK around other dogs, working in close quarters with other dogs. I taught a seminar this weekend, a camp seminar with Amy Cook and Sarah Stremming, and it was really busy. We had lots of dogs around, and I was really impressed with how Talic handled himself in that environment. He was able to demo a couple of times, he was able to eat, he was able to demo his light toy skills. That's so important to me because that's going to fit into his long term, which is do the stuff around other dogs and be comfortable about it. So longer term, the competition goals. No one ever talks about it as much, but short term and long term is life skills. My dogs are in the house, and my short-term goal is getting along with everybody in the house, including that cats. That's my long-term goal as well — to get along with everybody for all your life. Dogs mature and they're at different stages, so sometimes that can be challenging when you've got a lot of dogs, and when you've got highly motivated dogs too. Melissa Breau: This session obviously you've got your "Crucial Concepts of Competition" class back on the schedule, which feels a little timely! What "crucial concepts" does it address, and how do those skills eventually help prepare us and obviously our dogs for competition? Shade Whitesel: First of all, I think I might enter Talic in the class, which means I'll run a Gold spot showing what I'm working on with him and he'll work through the class skills. I find a lot of people gain perspective seeing the trainers work the dog, so it's good being a student. When I critique my own videos, when I realize how much more work we have to do, I have more empathy, so that's a good thing. The class itself is about different ways of getting behavior. Do you want to lure that do you want to shape it, I just go through the ways in which to get it, making sure people are knowledgeable about when do you add the cue, how do you name a lured behavior, how do you name a shaped behavior. Not so much what's the best way; I don't really want to compare the ways. I just want to say, "Here's how you do this, here's how you do this." We go through offered behaviors, we go through getting plain behavior loops, clean movement cycles, how do you decide whether your learner is in the frame of mind to work, things like that. I love giving the class because I feel that it covers a lot of different stuff, and so people can get an overall of what they're going to use to get behaviors. Melissa Breau: I mentioned in the intro that one of the things you focus on is really clear communication when training, which I know obviously all of those bits and pieces fall into that. What are a few of the ways that we can, for lack of a better word, muddy things up when we're trying to train a new behavior? Shade Whitesel: The first and foremost thing is people's mechanics aren't clean. It's basically click, pause, then treat. That way the dog starts understanding to listen, and not to watch your hands and not to watch where the treats are. I see training get really muddy when there's not clear cues for what the dog is supposed to do. There's a lot of training sports that we do want the dog to watch us, like in heeling they need to be on one side of our body, so obviously they need to watch the left side of our body. But we really want the dog also to be listening to what you're saying as you're teaching them. In a lot of our sports, body language is not allowed, and we want to be clear in those mechanics. Also know what you're teaching. Have a clear idea of the steps to get there, and what exactly you want to teach and what you're going to reinforce. So I really like people to know what they're teaching and what they're going for. Melissa Breau: What are some of those common signs that our dogs give us that maybe we're not being clear? Shade Whitesel: My puppy walked away from me today in his little training session, and we want to stop before they do that. Walking away — that's not so good. I should have noticed before. But basically look-aways, not re-orienting toward you right away, sniffing, leaving, vocalization, things like that are a good sign that your training is going in a way that you don't want it to. If you're using toy skills, dogs that are taking a little longer to come back to you, or a little longer to give up the ball or the toy. You know things are going wrong, or you know your learner is having a hard time with stuff, when they stop re-orientating to you for the next rep, if that's what you want. If you have a training loop where the dog is doing something, getting reinforcement, and then re-orientating to you in that behavior, then that re-orientating to you — I call that a reset — when that starts to deteriorate, that's when you know your training session is getting a little harder for your learner. If you're doing something shaping and the dog is re-orientating to the mat when you're teaching a "Go to the mat," if they start arcing on the way to the mat or something, that would be another sign that the training is not going well. And dogs will do that before they leave, before they sniff, so those are the things you want to start noticing and adjust your training session for. Melissa Breau: A lot of times we miss those early signals where things are taking a little bit longer, and it's good to know that that's where we want to start to listen. Shade Whitesel: Yeah, and more and more I know that I, as a trainer, I start noticing it faster. It's a look away, it's a slow into heel that we need to notice, because those things come before the dog is like, "I don't know what heel means." So we need to notice those little things, if that's how we're training. If your dog normally looks away in heel, then that wouldn't be something that would give you information, but if normally they're heeling along really well and then heel up against a baby gate and the dog looks away, that's a real good sign that that's hard. Melissa Breau: And it makes sense to go back and bring it down, and obviously that's one of those places where video becomes super valuable, because even if you don't see it in the moment, when you look back at that video, sometimes it's a lot more obvious. Shade Whitesel: Video is great because you don't always know. Or if I videoed my session before I'm sure the puppy did some stuff, before he went, "You know, that's too hard," if I videoed, I might be a little bit more knowledgeable about that, and in fact I will video our next session for that information. Melissa Breau: Often, if communication is less than clear, it leads to mistakes or misunderstandings about the behavior that we're trying to teach. I know you have a specific protocol that you share for dealing with mistakes that happen during training. Can you talk us through that? Shade Whitesel: Just having taught this camp seminar with Amy Cook and Sarah Stremming, we had a Q&A session at the end of it, and we talked about mistakes both days. I want to thank … I didn't know the woman who said this, but a shout out to her because it's a really good way to put it: I want people to think of mistakes as information for the handler — not for the dog, for the handler — that whatever we're trying to teach, it's not getting through. So first of all, just knowing that, knowing that mistakes are information that we're not communicating what we thought we did, because the learner, the dog, they always think they're right. They're doing what we're teaching them, so mistakes are not really that much mistakes. They're information that "I need to get a little better about something in that training session," and we don't always know at the time. As far as specific protocols, I have some stuff where it's like, OK, the dog makes one mistake, reset the circumstances that made that mistake, and then, if they make two mistakes in a row, always, always go back, make it super easy, make sure they get reinforced afterwards. Another thing I might do, if I'm working on positions or something, I might feed the dog in position and then do a reset cookie. So basically the dog's getting two treats: they're getting one in position and then a reset cookie. If they get the position wrong, then I might not feed them in position, but I would still get that reset treat out there, so if they understand what to do instead, the next time they'll do it. So they know they missed their opportunity for a cookie there. Everything I'm talking about, like the resetting or missing out on a cookie, that really depends a lot on the history of your learner and how old your learner is in the work. You don't want to reset a puppy. I might treat one of these mistakes — I have a 6-year-old dog — a little differently than I will treat Talic's mistakes, both of them being my own fault as their teacher, but one has six years of learning history, whereas the little puppy just has a couple months of learning history, so treating those differently might be a possibility. The big thing, too, is they made a mistake — they already made a mistake. There's nothing you can do. Don't worry about it. Give them another behavior they can do. I find everyone's so worried about the mistakes, and more and more I think we should go … we should note it in our minds: They came off 30 degrees off position in heel position. Let's not do that again. Let's figure out and let's give them a behavior that they can do that I can pay them for, get them reinforced as quickly as possible, and then move on and try to evaluate why they didn't come in correctly to heel position. Those are just some things I'm thinking about off the top of my head about what we call mistakes but really should be information for us. Melissa Breau: If that kind of stuff happens regularly, obviously it can lead to frustration on the dog's part. Let's say someone is seeing definite signs of frustration in their training — barking or leaving or any of those obvious flags. How can they begin to figure out what's going on and make a plan to fix it? Shade Whitesel: Well, video is your friend, and we're all kind of talking about the same thing: frustration, mistakes, training being muddy, not having clear resets, behavior from the dog — it's all kind of the same thing. Frustration — I think we label frustration when the dog is barking or pushy at us, whereas it's probably the same reason as the dog that sniffs and leaves. Both of it is that they're semi-confused over what we want, or we're not communicating correctly. What I always look at is I look at my resets. Does my dog re-orientate to me as fast as they can? If that gets sl…

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E81: Hannah Branigan - Behavior Chains & Competition Sep 23, 2018

Show notes

Summary: Hannah Branigan, of Wonder Pups Training, is back on the podcast to talk about behavior chains, and a little bit about her new puppy (because he's adorable). Hannah is the host of Drinking from the Toilet and blogs at wonderpupstraining.com. Next Episode: To be released 9/28/2018, an interview with Shade Whitesel about crucial concepts when training for competition. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we have Hannah Branigan of Wonder Pups Training back on the podcast to talk about behavior chains, and a little bit about her new puppy because he's adorable. Welcome back to the podcast Hannah. Hannah Branigan: Thank you for having me. Melissa Breau: Absolutely. To start us out, do you want to remind listeners who you are, share a little about the dogs you have, and a little about the new addition? Hannah Branigan: Sure. I am Hannah Branigan, in case you've already forgotten. I have my own podcast, Drinking From The Toilet, as well as teaching for FDSA and playing in a lot of different dog sports. Obedience is my primary focus, that's where I spend most of my time, but I'm really interested in doing really good training, and diagnosing and breaking things down, and reverse-engineering cool behaviors and high-quality performances, and figuring out how we can systematize that and then how can we teach it. For my own dogs, I currently have five dogs. I have three Belgian Shepherds, one Border Terrier, Rugby, and my new puppy, Figment, is a Border Collie. Melissa Breau: Let's start by talking about Mr. Figment. With a new puppy, what have you chosen to focus on, and I do assume the goal is to eventually do obedience? Hannah Branigan: Definitely we'll do some obedience. We'll probably do a lot of different things. I cross-train with all of my dogs. Again, obedience is my central focus, but we tinker in a lot of sports, so right now I'm not doing anything with him that you would consider sport-specific, nothing that is exclusive to obedience or exclusive to agility or exclusive to anything else. My theme for him right now, my word for him, is really balance. So what I'm trying hard to do is looking at the puppy that I have today and building his skills in how he and I interact together, how he interacts with the world, and trying to develop balance, because he's definitely got … he has his preferences, I of course have my preferences because I'm old and set in my ways, but there are things that I want to build with him. But while I'm building these new behaviors, I want to make sure that I'm not creating a lot of reinforcement history for a particular picture that will make it harder for me to then get other behaviors to change that picture later on. That was really vague, so let me give you an example. For example, I do want to do sports with him, and so we play a lot of motivational games, drive-building games, where he's moving and I'm moving and there's a lot of excitement and a lot of arousal. At the same time as I'm playing those games in a training context, I am juxtaposing them with less exciting, less arousing, more relaxing, more thinking sorts of games. So we might play with his ball for a few minutes and work on some toy skills, and then immediately in the same session we'll go to some mat, and shape relax on a mat with some food, and then we might go back to working on some toy skills, and go back to relax on a mat. That switching between food and toys, and again being able to balance that, is something that I'm focusing on a lot in terms of his reinforcement, and also just in terms of all the behaviors that we're working on. Melissa Breau: I've been doing quite a bit of thinking lately about how much every dog is really unique and their own individuals, and that means that any new dog is going to be totally different than any dog any of us has owned or trained before that one. How do you go about getting to know a new dog or puppy? For that matter, what do you want to know about them? Hannah Branigan: I'm not doing anything particularly formal in that way. We mostly just go through life, and as we come across something like a cat, or an unfamiliar person, or whatever, I'll pause and I'll observe his response. Maybe it's like, "Oh, that's not a big deal," and the behaviors I see in this context are totally fine and appropriate, great. I'll just maintain that. On the other hand, sometimes we'll see a car moving, and I'll observe his behavior — and I put observe in air quotes because his behavior is quite obvious in that context — and I'll say, "Oh, that's not really what I was looking for, so maybe I need to do some training here to get a behavior that I can live with when we see cars going by." Really I'm just living my life with my dogs the way that I would normally, and then, as we get to a new situation or some new picture or some new experience, I'll just keep an eye on him and ask him the question, "How's this for you?" and just be ready to look for his answer, and then adjust what we do at that time. Melissa Breau: Is there anything about Figment that feels new for you in terms of training? Hannah Branigan: I would say the biggest thing that's different with Figgy is that he's the first dog that I've ever had personally in my house that is easier to stimulate with toys than food. In fact, his food-eating behavior was not really present when he first came home to me, and it disappears rather easily if we go to a new situation. When we get out of the car at the park or at Panera or something, he may not take food right away. There are situations where I've accidentally over-fazed him and he's not taking food or toys, but there are a lot of situations where we get into a new environment, or there's people, or there's other dogs and they're moving, and he'll chase a toy but not take food. That's a new thing for me, because for my other dogs, they would usually take food first, and then the toy play would be the more fragile behavior. With him, he may not take food at all, but he'd be willing to chase a toy. And there's a little bit of a trap there, because, one, having worked so hard to get Rugby to play with toys with me, it feels nice to have a dog that is so easy to stimulate with toys in that way. So it would be very easy for me to say, "Don't worry about the food. We've got toy play, and that's sexier anyway, so I'm just going to use the toy." Having worked through this with students and clients, I know that that wouldn't benefit my long-term goals, that wouldn't fit that theme of balance I'm looking for with him, so I know that, "OK, you're not taking treats; I need to go back a step. Where were you taking treats last? Where can you eat food?" and work from there, rather than blowing past that threshold where he can't eat food anymore and then just lean on the toys to get through it, because that way is not going to get me what I want in the long run. It's going to be very limiting and I'll eventually get stuck. Melissa Breau: I'm guessing at this point he's probably little enough that he hasn't been introduced to much in the way of actual behavior chains yet, right? Hannah Branigan: Certainly not formally. Behavior chains are around us all the time, that's just part of how we naturally function in the environment, but we don't have really anything on cue. Everything that we're doing training-wise is just on building fluent reinforcement behaviors, and a few movement skills, and those foundational individual behaviors, and way down the road we'll work on turning those into more formal, finished behaviors. Once we have those really trained to fluency, then I'll worry about creating sequences or behavior chains from a performance standpoint. Melissa Breau: Before we get into this stuff too much, can you explain a little bit what a behavior chain is? Hannah Branigan: Sure. A behavior chain … and you will hear words like "behavior chain" and "behavior sequence" can be used, there's some debate in the behavior world as to what the definition between a chain versus a sequence is. There isn't a lot of agreement. So some folks have their definition, and other folks have a different definition. I'm going to go ahead and just use behavior chain and behavior sequence pretty much interchangeably and talk about the phenomenon as a whole, and we'll worry about splitting down the jargon later in another podcast episode. Melissa Breau: Fair enough. Hannah Branigan: A behavior chain or a behavior sequence is a sequence of behaviors that are held together with cues. Those cues can come from an outside source, like if we're talking about a dog, they might come from the trainer, the handler, but they can also come from the environment. If you need to get in your car to drive somewhere, you'll perform a behavior chain. You'll walk out of your house, so that's one behavior. You'll see your car, and the sight of the car tells you, "Oh …" more specifically, the sight of your car with the door closed is a cue in the environment: If I'm going to drive my car, I need to open the door. So that's your cue to reach your hand out, take the door handle, pull the door open, which of course is its own little behavior chain. We can really zoom in quite a lot on these and go crazy. Now you're standing in front of the car with the door open. That's your cue to get in the seat. Now you're sitting in the car. That's your cue to maybe close the door. You're sitting in the car, it's not running, that's your cue: "Oh, I need to put my key in the ignition," and then turn the ignition. Each behavior that you perform creates some change in the state of the environment and your conditions around you that then signal you to do the next step, and the next step, to eventually reach your goal of backing out of your driveway and driving to the grocery store to get some more Oreos or whatever. So that's an example of a behavior chain where your actions changing the environment are functioning as your cue to do the next thing. And of course if you didn't know how to do each of those individual behaviors, you'd be in trouble. If you were faced with — and this has actually happened to me in a rental car before — you get in the car, you close the door, and you cannot find where to put the key because it's one of those weird cars with the new … Melissa Breau: With the start button. Hannah Branigan: Yeah, and you just sit there for a while and you're like, "I guess I'm going to have to go ask someone for help." The chain broke because there was a behavior that was required in the middle there that was not yet fluent. Once you learn how to do that behavior, now you know how to start this new, weird, funky car, and you're able to complete your behavior chain. Melissa Breau: For anybody wondering, you have to step on the brake and then push the button. Usually. Hannah Branigan: Yeah. I had to go back in and ask for help. Melissa Breau: I had to ask for help too. I could not figure that out. To get back to dogs for a minute, what are some examples of behavior chains that are helpful for competitive obedience? Hannah Branigan: In competition the whole performance is a behavior chain, from the time you get your dog out of the crate to when you put your dog back in the crate, or back in the car, or whatever, after the performance. That whole sequence of events is a behavior chain, really. And it's one of those combination sequences where some of the cues are coming from the environment and some of the cues are coming from you as a trainer. For example, we'll look at the retrieve. You throw the dumbbell, the dog is still sitting at your side, and then you're going to give a verbal cue to send the dog to go get the dumbbell. At that point, though, you're no longer giving any cues. The cues are all present in the environment. So the dog leaves your side, runs out, the sight of the dumbbell tells the dog what to do with it. "Do I put my feet on it?" Hopefully not, because hopefully you've trained your pickup to fluency. So he sees the dumbbell, he scoops it up with his mouth on the bar of the dumbbell, now he's got the dumbbell in his mouth, that's his cue to return to you. He sees you standing there with your arms at your sides in that formal soldier kind of posture, that's his cue to come sit in front. At that point you cue the give and then you cue him to come to heel. So you've given two of those cues for those behaviors, and the environment has given the rest of them. So that's one exercise. But then again, that whole performance is a behavior chain, and we have sequences of behaviors that we have to perform to move from one exercise to the next. So once you're done with the retrieve on a flat, now you need to cue a series of behaviors to move your dog into the retrieve over the high. Once you do that one, which is another little behavior chain, you have another behavior chain that links the retrieve over the high to moving over to the broad jump. I think we forget that there are still behaviors happening between "Exercise finished" and "Are you ready?" So that's something that I have made a personal project to figure out. Melissa Breau: I know your upcoming class gets into this, and specifically into the behavior chains, in a big way. Can you share a little bit about that? Hannah Branigan: Yeah. It's called "Unchain Your Performance," I think, and it's kind of a joke because I can't do anything seriously. But the idea is that in order to unchain yourself from that feeling of having to have food in your pocket, having to have a treat in your hand, and get multiple behaviors, we can build behavior chains, build these sequences of behaviors, that end in the primary reinforcement, the food, the toy, whatever. That's the little plan, which I thought was hilarious but maybe not everybody gets. But anyway, it is a common problem, in that it is the nature of dog sports that we have to leave all of our sources of primary reinforcement, all the stuff that we've been using for months or years to train this dog to do this particular set of behaviors, and we leave them all over here on our chair or in our crate, and we have to go all the way into this other space, which is usually clearly delineated by ring gates or hay bales or ropes or something, but it's quite clearly a different room in the environment, and there are no food or toys in there. And it does not take many repetitions for your dog to catch on to the idea that "She left all the food over there, but we're going into this room where there is no food." That's not the whole thing that makes performance hard, that makes competing hard, but it is a piece of it, and it is a piece that we want to account for. So one of the things that we can do is we can teach the dog that by being very systematic, I can create this sequence of behaviors that does lead to access to the reinforcement, even when it's back at your chair. I can communicate that concept through successful approximations, which is shaping in a way, in th…

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E80: Sarah Stremming & Dr. Leslie Eide - "Raising an Agility Puppy" Sep 14, 2018

Show notes

Summary: Sarah Stremming, founder of The Cognitive Canine and host of Cog-Dog Raido and her partner, Dr. Leslie Eide, join me to talk about their latest addition: Watson, a 6-month-old Border Collie puppy. Next Episode: To be released 9/21/2018. TRANSCRIPTION: Melissa Breau: This is Melissa Breau and you're listening to the Fenzi Dog Sports Podcast brought to you by the Fenzi Dog Sports Academy, an online school dedicated to providing high-quality instruction for competitive dog sports using only the most current and progressive training methods. Today we have two guests joining us, for the first time ever: Sarah Stremming, of Cog-Dog Radio and the Cognitive Canine, and Leslie Eide. Longtime listeners are undoubtedly are already familiar with Sarah, but let me share a little about Leslie. Leslie graduated from Colorado State University's Veterinary School in 2006. She completed a rotating internship in small animal medicine in Albuquerque, N.M., and then became certified in canine rehabilitation with a focus in sports medicine. She is now a resident with the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. Dr. Eide also helped to create and teaches some of the classes to become a Certified Canine Fitness Trainer (CCFT) through the University of Tennessee's NorthEast Seminars. Like Sarah, Dr. Eide is involved in the agility world. She has trained two dogs to their ADCH Agility Dog Champion title and one to ADCH Bronze, an Agility Trial Champion title and a Master Agility Champion title. Three of her dogs have qualified and competed at USDAA Nationals with multiple Grand Prix Semi-final runs. And today, these two lovely ladies are here to talk to us about puppies, especially one in particular … . But we'll get to that. Welcome back to the podcast, Sarah — and hi Leslie! Pleasure to "meet" you. Sarah Stremming: Hi Melissa. Leslie Eide: Hi Melissa. Melissa Breau: To start us out, Sarah, can you just remind listeners how many dogs you have now and who they are? Sarah Stremming: I have two Border Collies. Idgie is 9 years old and she's my main competition dog right now. And Felix is 3 years old, and he's in training and just keeping me on my toes. Melissa Breau: Leslie, would you mind sharing the same intro for your dogs, including the newest addition? Leslie Eide: My oldest is Brink, a 12-year-old Border Collie, and he right now is champion of holding the couch down. Next would be Stig, my 7-year-old Border Collie, who's the main competition dog right now and who most of my online training videos have in them. Next is Ghost, my 5-year-old Australian Shepherd, and she is quickly trying to surpass Stig as the main competition dog. And then finally the puppy, Watson, is 6 months old and 1 day, and he is a new Border Collie. Melissa Breau: So, it's Watson I really wanted to talk about today. Leslie, would you mind sharing a little on how you wound up with him? And why him … even though that meant bringing him over from Japan? Leslie Eide: It just kind of happened. I didn't go out looking for a Border Collie and saying, "Japan is the place to get him!" I actually met Miki, who is sort of his breeder but not really, a couple of years ago at Cynosport, which is the USDA agility national competition, or international competition, but it's always held in the U.S. One of her dogs had something happen to him, and I worked on him at the event and he did really well, and we became Facebook friends and stayed in contact. Last year, she won Grand Prix with her dog Soledea. And Soledea, the weird part about it, actually belongs to someone else. She just competes with her. She announced that Soledea was having a litter, and I had been looking for, I don't know, probably had my feelers out for about a year, looking for a Border Collie puppy. I really liked Soledea, so through Facebook I was like, "Hey, I'm sort of interested," and she was really excited about it. When the puppies were born, I many times thought it was too much trying to get a puppy from Japan, and everything you have to go through, and blah, blah, blah, blah. I kept saying, "No, no, no, no," and finally she said, "I'm getting the puppy to L.A. Make sure you're there to go pick him up." And I was like, "OK." So that's how it ended up getting a puppy from Japan. It all comes back to the world of sports medicine, and that's how you find puppies. So a little bit of fate in a way of it was just meant to be, despite all the odds. Melissa Breau: Sometimes, when it's meant to happen, it's just meant to happen, and it doesn't matter how many times you say, "Well, that's pretty complicated." You end up with the puppy. Leslie Eide: Yeah. Melissa Breau: I know Sarah has talked a bit about him on her podcast and you've both blogged about him a little bit. My understanding is that you guys are doing things a little … for lack of a better word … differently than other agility handlers or even dog trainers might with a new puppy. Can you share a little bit about your approach thus far with him? What are you working on, what have you worked on? Leslie Eide: For me, it's not much different than I would say I've raised my other puppies. I'm maybe what you would think of as a lazy trainer. I'm more about building a relationship than necessarily having a list of things I have to accomplish — "He's this old, he must be able to do these ten things." I just let everything happen in a more organic manner of he shows me he can do it, and then I say, "OK, I'm going to reinforce that." An example is I had him at the agility trial this weekend. He hopped on the measuring table and … we've never worked on "stay" a day in his life, and because he was willing to stand on the table, I took the opportunity to say, "Hey, I can reinforce this," and got some really good training in when it was again more organic of him telling me he knew he was ready for it, rather than saying, "He has to know how to stay by a certain age," or "He has to be able to know how to wrap a wing jump by a certain age," that kind of thing. Sarah Stremming: For me, more what I do with Watson is teaching him how to be a dog in this house, and how to go out on off-leash walks — as everybody knows I'm pretty into — and providing him with lots of environmental enrichment. I just want to make sure that he maintains this delightfully optimistic personality that he has. I know that you had Julie Daniels, I think just last week, and she talked about optimism. I loved it. I like that word for describing what he is, because it's not like he doesn't have any fears, because they all do. That's not real. That's not realistic. It's more that when he encounters something novel, his first guess is that it's going to be good for him, and I just want that to stay there, because if that stays there, then agility training is a piece of cake. If you're not trying to overcome fear of other dogs, or fear of strangers, or fear of loud noises or weird substrates or anything like that, agility training is not that hard, especially for a pretty seasoned competitor like Leslie. I think both of us feel pretty confident in training agility skills and also handling. Not that we can't improve and that we're always trying to improve, but for me, I want him to maintain that really optimistic outlook on when something new is happening, he's game to try it. Leslie Eide: I guess I would add, goes along with what Sarah was saying, is I also want him to learn what it's like to be a dog in my life. So, like she said, being able to live in a household with lots of dogs, but it's also about getting used to our schedule. I'm a busy person and usually work 12-hour days, and while he may get to come with me to work, he also has to realize there's going to be some really boring time at work where he just has to sit and chill. And that happens at home too. So that's really important to me that he doesn't necessarily get upset or get stir-crazy or all upset when he doesn't have something to constantly do. Border Collies are definitely busy, smart dogs, and so learning what our life is like, and not necessarily doing things out of the ordinary while he's a puppy, and then suddenly, when he's grown up, being like, "OK, now you're an adult, and you just have to live with how our life is," but rather teaching him how to handle it when he's young. Sarah Stremming: You said, "How are you guys doing stuff differently?" I think that is the primary component, because most sport people that I know, especially in the agility world, really, really want their puppy to have tons and tons of drive to work with the handler. I'm not saying that's bad. We want that too. But they tend to go about it in a way that seems really imbalanced to me, and the dog experiences isolation/boring-ness or super-exciting training time. That's not how we live. I guess if your dogs all live in kennels and they come out to train multiple times a day, then you could pull that off. But we both want our dogs to be free for 90 percent of their time. We just don't want them to be crated, kenneled, etc., for large portions of their lives, so they have to learn how to just hang out early on. Melissa Breau: I don't remember if it was the blog or the podcast, but I feel like I remember something one of you at one point put out about planning to hold off on teaching certain skills until he's a bit older. I was hoping you could talk a little bit about that too. What skills are you holding off on, maybe, and sharing a little bit of the reasoning. I know we've talked about it a little bit already. Leslie Eide: I think mostly the blog was relating to agility skills, and that a lot of times we start teaching the foundation movements right away with a puppy, like wrapping a wing, groundwork. You're not necessarily putting them on equipment or doing anything like that, but everything that you are teaching them in some way relates to eventually an agility skill, including convincing them to tug with you. That's a big thing of "They have to tug," and it goes from there. Those things I think will come. I'm not going to push for them too soon. That's kind of going back to the story of working on a stay on the table this past weekend. If he shows me he's ready for something, then I'll take advantage of it, but I'm not going to push him ahead of his comfort level. I'd rather him be comfortable with everything, be happy with playing with me, and know that good things come from me and that we're going to do fun things, rather than taking it straight to an agility focus. Melissa Breau: I'd assume the two of you have had a pretty big influence on each other, and your approach to dogs and all that good stuff, over the years. From the outside, at least, it seems like you're essentially taking all Sarah's developed with her Whole Picture approach and applying it to Watson. Sarah, is that accurate? And for those not as familiar with your approach, can you give us the down and dirty version of what I'm talking about? Sarah Stremming: I would say that's accurate. The Four Steps to Behavioral Wellness is what we're talking about. That would be communication, nutrition, exercise, and enrichment. The communication front — that's just training. That's just having a positive-reinforcement-based training relationship with the dog, where you give the dog a lot of good positive feedback all the time. Nutrition is kind of self-explanatory, and Leslie's a vet, so I pretty much defer to her in that regard with him. Exercise — I like free exercise. He certainly goes on leash walks, but the leash walks are more about learning how to walk on a leash than exercise. Again, I defer to Leslie in the exercise department because her field is sports medicine. You definitely don't want to be overdoing it with a puppy at all, and he would like to be completely wild and run and run and run all day long, so we have to talk about that. The enrichment piece is really big for me. We do lots of things for him to shred. You should see our house. There's cardboard shreds everywhere. So just giving him things to shred, feeding him his meals out of a slow bowl, we have all kinds of little kibble-dispensing toys around, lots of chew bones, things like that. So just making sure that his brain is exercised, his body is exercised, he is not confused, he is communicated with appropriately, and that he is fed well. That's what we're trying to do. Melissa Breau: Leslie, I'd guess your background's had a pretty big influence on your general approach, right? How has your experience as a vet and a canine rehab specialist influenced your views on this stuff and led you to take this approach? Leslie Eide: It's maybe changed it a little bit, but not much. I've always been a little bit more laid back with my approach with puppies. I've always had this belief that puppies should get to be puppies and experience their puppyhood, and not just be thrown into intensive sport training right from Day 1. Maybe that's a little bit of backlash from my own experience of being thrown into competitive swimming as a 5-year-old and doing that for most of my young life, and everything was about training and being really serious. I also would say, from the vet side of things, I think there's a lot of injuries that can happen when they're young, and by pushing things and doing stuff repetitively that causes problems at a young age, or maybe they're not as visible at a young age, but then they show up a little later in life and can definitely cut their careers short. I want to be successful, but I also want to do it for a long time, and not just a year or two and then have to give it up because they're hurt for some reason. Melissa Breau: We've talked quite a bit about what you're NOT doing. So I'd love to hear … I know you mentioned a little bit of leash walking. I'd imagine you're doing some other training with him. What ARE you focusing on as far as training goes with Watson right now? Leslie Eide: Well, Sarah's trying to teach me how to teach him marker cues. We'll see how that goes. So we definitely have that going on. He gets the basics of "sit" and "down," and again, most of it is capturing offered behavior, rather than setting out as a training session of "OK, we're going to learn this behavior." We do fitness exercises, so I have my building blocks that I use to make all my canine fitness exercises. So starting to work on ones that are appropriate for him, like learning targeting, front paw targeting, rear paw targeting, being comfortable getting in an object or on an object, like a box or a disc or something like that. And then a lot of new experiences still. Most recently, over the past couple of weeks I'd say, I worked to introduce him to the underwater treadmill so he can start getting some exercise in that, since that's a really easy way for me to exercise him at work. Melissa Breau: That's so cool. Leslie Eide: Going places, we went to the beach for the first time, he goes to shops and meets people, he goes to agility trials and hangs out. Like I said, at agility trial learned how to do a stand-stay on the measuring table. So I'm the anti-planner. I don't set out with "We're going to learn this." It's more see what happens and go from there. Sarah Str…

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