JAMA Clinical Reviews

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Space Travel and Human Health, Part 2 Apr 13, 2021

Show notes

Interest in space travel has increased since SpaceX's first commercial launch to the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2020 and with efforts to send humans to Mars. Serena Auñón-Chancellor, MD, MPH, a physician-astronaut who completed a 6-month mission to the ISS in 2018 and is associate professor of clinical medicine at LSU Health Sciences Center in Baton Rouge and associate program director for the Aerospace Medicine Residency Program at University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston, discusses how the human body and mind adapt to life in space.

Related Content:

Space Travel and Human Health, Part 1

Do Apollo Astronaut Deaths Shine a Light on Deep Space Radiation and Cardiovascular Disease?

Association of Structural Changes in the Brain and Retina After Long-Duration Spaceflight

Space Travel and Human Health, Part 1 Apr 06, 2021

Show notes

Interest in space travel has increased since SpaceX's first commercial launch to the International Space Station in May 2020 and with efforts to send humans to Mars. Jim Bagian, MD, a physician-astronaut who logged 337 hours in space between 1989 and 1991, is director of the Center for Healthcare Engineering and Patient Safety at the University of Michigan and discusses the effects of space travel on the human body and physiologic readjustments on return to earth.

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke Apr 01, 2021

Show notes

Shyam Prabhakaran, MD, chairman of neurology at the University of Chicago, discusses the diagnosis and evaluation of patients who present with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke.

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke

Semaglutide for Weight Loss Mar 23, 2021

Show notes

Semaglutide has recently been shown to induce clinically significant weight loss in patients with obesity that is sustained for as long as the drug is given. Tom Wadden, PhD, from the University of Pennsylvania, discusses results from the series of recent STEP trials and how they compare to the effects of other medications used to treat obesity.

Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity

Authors have declared conflicts of interest related to the article discussed in this podcast. Visit the article on jama.com for the complete disclosure.

A Simple Way to Understand Statistical Multiple Comparison Procedures Mar 09, 2021

Show notes

Performing repeated statistical comparisons on data can result in false-positive findings. Jing Cao, PhD, associate professor of statistics at Southern Methodist University, explains problems that can arise from multiple testing procedures and how to avoid making false conclusions.

Multiple Comparison Procedures

Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Diagnosis and Treatment Mar 02, 2021

Show notes

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinical syndrome of vague abdominal pain and cramping associated with diarrhea or constipation. IBS is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a variety of treatments can improve its symptoms. Michael Camilleri, MD, professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, discusses recent advances in the diagnosis and management of IBS.

Advance Directives Feb 26, 2021

Show notes

Advance directives (ADs) allow patients to express their medical treatment preferences. Patients with ADs are more likely to receive medical care concordant with their wishes and are less likely to die in the hospital than patients without them, but use remains low in the US. Maria Silvera, MD, a palliative care physician and associate professor of medicine at the University of Michigan, and Catherine Auriemma, MD, a fellow in pulmonary/critical care medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, discuss the importance of ADs and strategies to increase their uptake.

Completion of Advance Directives and Documented Care Preferences During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Coronavirus Vaccines—An Overview Feb 26, 2021

Show notes

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are the first of many being tested for widespread use. Buddy Creech, MD, MPH, director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, reviews these and other vaccines likely to become available, including products that use inactivated, protein subunit, and viral vector immunization strategies.

Related Content:

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

Vaccinating Nursing Home and Long-term Care Facility Residents for Coronavirus Feb 24, 2021

Show notes

The CDC coordinated a massive effort to immunize nearly all nursing home and long-term care facility residents in the US against COVID-19 infection in the month after vaccine approval. Ruth Link-Gelles, PhD, MPH, CDC staff epidemiologist and Lieutenant Commander of the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, describes how.

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