IntroVETS Podcast

Introvets Trailer May 18, 2020

Introducing Introvets: A veterinary podcast by introverts with high-functioning anxiety. You'll hear real cases, presented by veterinary professionals, with a weird sense of humor. There are a few naughty words along the way. It's like having a beer with your best veterinary colleague friends, and we hope you'll join us!

Howloween Spooktacular 2024: Check Your Meat Oct 30, 2024

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary neurologist Dr. Jill Narak to the podcast to discuss brain-eating and brain-hijacking (zombie!) diseases.

Resources:

IMDB entry for The Return of the Living Dead (1985), directed by Dan O'Bannon: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0089907/
Behavior-altering parasites, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior-altering_parasite
Naegleria fowleri infection, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html
Echinococcosis, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/naegleria/about/index.html
Siyadatpanah, A., et al. Cerebral cystic echinococcosis (2020). Case reports in infectious diseases. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7066420/
Heyward, G. The zombie fungus from 'The Last of Us' is real - but not nearly as deadly (2023), NPR, last accessed 10/26/24: https://www.npr.org/2023/01/30/1151868673/the-last-of-us-cordyceps-zombie-fungus-real#
Flegr, J. Effects of Toxoplasma on human behavior (2007). Schizophrenia bulletin, 33(3): 757-760. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2526142/
Adebiyi, O. E., et al. Neurocognitive domains and neuropathological changes in experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei in Wister rats (2021). Heliyon, 7(11). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8571699/
Alvarado-Esquivel. Toxocara infection in psychiatric inpatients: A case control seroprevalence study (2013). PLoS One, 8(4). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3633879/
Horsehair worm. The Wildlife Trusts, accessed 10/26/24. https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/marine/worms/horsehair-worm#
Gasque, S. N., et al. Where the baculoviruses lead, the caterpillars follow: baculovirus-induced alterations in caterpillar behavior (2019). Current opinion in insect science, 33: 30-36. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214574518300841#
Clinical Overview of Rabies, Centers for Disease Control, accessed 10/26/24: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Zombie, Wikipedia, accessed 10/26/24: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie

Special Guest: Jill Narak.

Snackisode 4.15: Grandma Got Run Over by a Roomba Dec 27, 2023

Lauren and JJ wrap up season 4 of the podcast with holiday cheer, a pooptastrophe, and a few heartwarming animal stories.

12 Days of Veterinary ER Dec 20, 2023

Lauren and JJ present the 12 days of Christmas, veterinary ER-style!

References:
(1) Hanson, K. R., et al. (2021). Effect of prazosin on feline recurrent urethral obstruction. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(12), 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211001283
(2) Conway, D. S., et al. (2022). Prazosin administration increases the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats: 388 cases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(S2), S7-S11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0469
(3) Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody. Elanco. https://my.elanco.com/us/parvovirus Last accessed 12/12/23.
(4) Nolen, R. S. (2023). Making sense of the mystery illness found across the US: Experts offer insights into canine infectious respiratory disease complex and other underlying factors. https://www.avma.org/news/making-sense-mystery-illness-found-across-us Last accessed 12/12/23.
(5) Crowley, K. (2023). New data shows dog respiratory illness up in Canada, Nevada: Experts say treat it like a human cold. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/02/canada-nevada-mysterious-dog-illness/71767353007/ Last accessed 12/12/23.
(6) Silva, D. D., et al. (2021). Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 74(1), 106525.
(7) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2023). Canine pyometra: A short review of current advances. Animals, 13(21), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213310
(8) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2022). Transmission of Escherichia coli causing pyometra between two female dogs. Microorganisms, 10(2), 2465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122465
(9) Duffy, D. L., et al. (2008). Breed differences in canine aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114(3-4), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006
(10) Kelly, R. (2023). Doubts arise over treating dog diarrhea with antibiotics. VIN News Service. www.vin.com Last accessed 12/12/23.

Snackisode 4.14: Snap Decision Dec 13, 2023

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: What can managers do to improve morale and staff cohesion without stepping on toes? How can an employee let her boss know that their clinic's dress code policies are outdated and that it's negatively impacting the hiring process?

Channeling Sofia Dec 06, 2023

Lauren and JJ discuss emotional regulation and distress tolerance skills, plus make plans for the holiday episode!

Please note that at the time of this recording neither Lauren nor JJ are licensed mental health providers. This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not constitute therapy. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out to a licensed therapist in your area.

Note that dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a type of therapy referenced in this episode, was developed by Marsha Linehan. Learn more here: https://dbt-lbc.org/

References:
(1) Rosenhaft, A. The dialectical behavior therapy skills I still use today. Psychology Today. Posted January 24, 2023. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/from-both-sides-of-the-couch/202301/the-dialectical-behavior-therapy-skills-i-still-use-today
(2) Crossfield, A. How to tolerate emotional distress. Psychology Today. Posted March 23, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotionally-healthy-teens/202003/how-tolerate-emotional-distress
(3) Moore, M. 4 DBT skills for everyday challenges. PsychCentral. Last updated July 7, 2022. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://psychcentral.com/health/dbt-skills-therapy-techniques
(4) Rosenthal, J. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) distress tolerance skills: TIPP [sic] skills. Manhattan Psychology Group. Date of writing/ posting not indicated. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://manhattanpsychologygroup.com/dbt-tipp-skills/
(5) Robinson, B. E. The 90-second rule that builds self-control. Psychology Today. Posted April 26, 2020. Accessed 11/30/2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-right-mindset/202004/the-90-second-rule-builds-self-control

Resources:
(1) Use the Psychology Today therapist finder to locate a DBT practitioner in your area: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/dialectical-dbt
(2) DBTselfhelp.com is a free resource containing a lot of information about distress tolerance and emotional regulation skills: https://dbtselfhelp.com/
(3) Visit the DBT website for free skills information: https://dialecticalbehaviortherapy.com/

Snackisode 4.13: Safety Dance Nov 29, 2023

Lauren and JJ answer listener mail: When is it appropriate to cry while attending a patient's euthanasia? How can you cope with the uneducated veterinary opinions of friends and family members?

Dealer's Choice Nov 22, 2023

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of vomiting and bloody diarrhea in a dog.

This episode includes a detailed review of canine pancreatitis.

References:
(1) Kirby, R., & Linklater, A. (2016). Monitoring and intervention for the critically ill small animal: The rule of 20. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI:10.1002/9781118923870
(2) Ceva News. (2023). Panoquell-CA1 (fuzapladib sodium for injection) is now available in the U.S. https://www.ceva.us/News-Media/News-Releases-Articles-About-Ceva/PANOQUELL-R-CA1-fuzapladib-sodium-for-injection-is-now-available-in-the-U.S
(3) Byers, C. G. (2022). Practical management of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Proceedings from the Fetch DVM360 Conference.
(4) Pancreatitis (canine). Veteirnary Information Network. Last updated by Rothrock, K. on June 12, 2020. www.vin.com

Snackisode 4.12: Party Professional Nov 15, 2023

Lauren and JJ provide important clinical updates about a new device to aid in pain detection in animal patients and a new medication for feline diabetes mellitus!

Resources:
(1) Information about the PainTrace multi-species neurobiosignal actionable outcome measure test from the manufacturer: https://paintrace.com/investigators/
(2) Product label for Bexacat (bexagliflozin), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor: https://www.elancolabels.com/us/bexacat
(3) FDA approves first oral treatment for cats with diabetes mellitus. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022). https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-cats-diabetes-mellitus
(4) Heavyweight podcast: https://gimletmedia.com/shows/heavyweight/episodes
(5) The Retrievals podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-retrievals/id1691599042

Double Bubble Toil & Trouble Nov 08, 2023

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of retching and anxiety in a dog patient.

This episode includes a review of gastric dilatation and volvulus in the dog.

References:
(1)Gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last upadated 8/4/22 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com
(2) Rudloff, E. (2022). A review of GDV. Proceedings of the Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Spring Symposium.

Snackisode 4.11: Sneaky Bastard Nov 01, 2023

Lauren and JJ continue the series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks with an episode about xylitol toxicity in dogs.

References:
(1) Xylitol toxicosis (canine). Veterinary Information Network. Last updated by Galles, B. in July 2023. www.vin.com

Howloween Spooktacular 2023: Ring-a-Ding-Ding Oct 25, 2023

For this year's Howloween Spooktacular, Lauren and JJ discuss premature burial.

References:
(1) Premature burial. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_burial
(2) Safety coffin. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_coffin
(3) Lady with the ring. Wikipedia. Accessed 10/1/23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_with_the_Ring

Snackisode 4.10: It Sounds Crusty Oct 18, 2023

Next in our series of Snackisodes on dangerous snacks is tremorgenic mycotoxicosis!

Specific mycotoxins discussed in today's episode include:
(1) Penitrem A, which is the most clinically significant tremorgenic mycotoxin in dogs and is produced by Penicillium crustosum
(2) Roquefortine C, which is primarily produced by Penicillium roqueforti; note that there is a harmless version of roquefortine C which is used in the production of roquefort cheese
(3) Verruculogen, which is associated with spoiled meats

References:
(1) Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated by Galles, B on 10/10/23. www.vin.com
(2) Eriksen GS, Bernhoft A, Rundberget T, et al: Poisoning of dogs with tremorgenic Penicillium toxins. Med Mycol 2010 Vol 48 (1) pp. 188-96.
(3) Puschner B: Penitrem A and roquefortine. In: Plumlee KH (ed): Clinical Veterinary Toxicology Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2004 pp. 258-59
(4) Hayes AW, Presley DB, Neville JA: Acute toxicity of penitrem A in dogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976 Vol 35 (2) pp. 311-20.

We've Got This on Lockdown Oct 11, 2023

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of a strange facial expression and stiff gait in a dog patient.

This episode contains an in-depth review of tetanus.

References:
(1) Tetanus (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated 9/11/23 by Rothrock, K. www.vin.com
(2) Popoff MR. Tetanus in animals. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2020 Mar;32(2):184-191. doi: 10.1177/1040638720906814.
(3) Ives, E. (2014). Tetanus in dogs: Clinical signs and management. Vet Times. https://www.vettimes.co.uk

Snackisode 4.9 - I'm For Real Oct 04, 2023

In the latest installment of "Snackisodes on Dangerous Snacks," Lauren and JJ discuss anticoagulant rodenticides.

First generation anticoagulants referenced include warfarin, chlorphacinone, coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, diphacinone, fumarin, pindone, and valone. Second generation anticoagulants referenced include brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone, and difenacoum.

References:
(1) Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. VINcyclopedia of Diseases. Last updated by Brister, J. on 6/5/2021. www.vin.com

A Doberman Walks into a Bar Sep 27, 2023

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinarian Dr. Shelby Agnew back to the podcast to investigate a case of lethargy and difficulty breathing in a Doberman pinscher.

This episode includes a review of dilated cardiomyopathy in the dog.

References:
(1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated: Galles, B. January 2023. www.vin.com
(2) Summerfield, N. J., Boswood, A., O'Grady, M. R., et al. (2012). Efficacy of pimobendan in the prevention of congestive heart failure or sudden death in doberman pinschers with preclinical dilated cardiomyopathy: The PROTECT study. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26(6), 1337-1349.
(3) Wess, G. (2022). Screening for dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 40(1), 51-68.

Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

Snackisode 4.8: Chocolate Milk Sep 20, 2023

In the second installment of the Snackisodes on Dangerous Snacks series, Lauren and JJ discuss chocolate toxicity in dogs and cats!

References:
(1) Gwaltney-Brant, S. M. Chocolate Toxicosis in Animals. Merck Veterinary Manual. Last updated Nov 2022. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/food-hazards/chocolate-toxicosis-in-animals
(2) Methylxanthine toxicosis (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated May of 2023 by Galles, B. www.vin.com
(3) Weingart, C., Hartmann, A., & Kohn, B. Chocolate ingestion in dogs: 156 events (2015-2019). J Small Anim Pract 2021 Vol 62 (11) pp. 979-83.

Ferret on Cocaine Sep 13, 2023

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary emergency clinician Dr. Erin Brown to the podcast to discuss emergency medicine and the Accelerate Program at Huntsville Veterinary Specialists and Emergency.

Special Guest: Erin Brown.

Snackisode 4.7: All About Allium Sep 06, 2023

Lauren and JJ discuss allium toxicity in dogs and cats.

References:
(1) Fisher, A., & Gwaltney-Brant, S. (2022). Allium (Garlic/Onion) Toxicosis (Canine and Feline Chapters). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
(2) Cope, R. B. (2005). Toxicology Brief: Allium species Poisoning in Dogs and Cats. DVM 360. https://www.dvm360.com/view/toxicology-brief-allium-species-poisoning-dogs-and-cats

Hope is a Verb Aug 30, 2023

Lauren and JJ welcome licensed psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken back to the podcast to discuss hope and the Veterinary Hope Foundation.

Veterinary Hope Foundation: https://veterinaryhope.org/

Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Snackisode 4.6: Wife in the Attic Aug 23, 2023

Lauren and JJ (belatedly) celebrate the podcast's 100th episode with a Q&A featuring life advice, book recommendations, and zombies.

The Litmus Test Aug 16, 2023

Lauren and JJ welcome therapist Dana Hampson back to the podcast to talk about setting boundaries and overcoming the fear of disappointing others.

References/ Recommendations:
(1) Not Nice: Stop People Pleasing, Staying Silent, & Feeling Guilty... And Start Speaking Up, Saying No, Asking Boldly, And Unapologetically Being Yourself by Aziz Gazipura
(2) The Gift: 14 Lessons to Save Your Life by Edith Eva Eger
(3) Good Inside: A Guide to Becoming the Parent You Want to Be by Becky Kennedy
(4) Set Boundaries, Find Peace: A Guide to Reclaiming Yourself by Nedra Glover Tawwab
(5) The Better Boundaries Workbook: A CBT-Based Program to Help You Set Limits, Express Your Needs, and Create Healthy Relationships by Sharon Martin

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Snackisode 4.5: I Like Pie Aug 09, 2023

Lauren and JJ talk about personal and professional identity, as well as the problem of making work your whole personality.

Frog on the Rocks Aug 02, 2023

Lauren and JJ welcome multispecies veterinarian Jennifer Graham to the podcast to talk about exotic and small mammal medicine!

Special Guest: Jennifer Graham.

Snackisode 4.4: Shunt The Front Door Jul 26, 2023

Lauren, JJ, and special guest technician Elena continue to investigate the case of a dog with urate uroliths and elevated bile acids. This is part 2 of a two-part case. For the first part, see Episode 4.4: Please Don't Be High.

This episode includes a review of the potential causes of bile acids elevations in the dog, as well as a discussion about portosystemic shunts in the dog.

Sources:
(1) Konstantinidis, A. O., et al. (2023). Congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats: Classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 160. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020160
(2) Williams, K., & Ward, E. Portosystemic shunt in dogs. VCA Animal Hospitals. https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/portosystemic-shunt-in-dogs
(3) Nelson, N. C., & Nelson, L. L. (2011). Anatomy of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs as determined by computed tomography angiography. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 52(5), 498-506. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01827.x
(4) Minnesota Urolith Center. Canine urate uroliths. University of Minnesota. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tlhPTeoK8E6D5UgCjtRr9JQGHbPXNg5u/view
(5) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2020). Portosystemic shunt (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(6) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Urolithiasis, urate (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(7) Rishniw, M. (2017). Bile acids. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com

Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Please Don't Be High Jul 19, 2023

Lauren, JJ, and special guest technician Elena investigate the case of a dog that is straining to urinate.

This episode includes a detailed discussion of urate uroliths in the dog.

Sources:
(1) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Urolithiasis, urate (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(2) Rishniw, M. (2017). Bile acids. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com

Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Snackisode 4.3: Solid Advice Jul 12, 2023

Lauren and JJ provide clinical updates about the potential zoonotic implications of feeding raw diets, whether dogs dislike white lab coats, and the efficacy of adding dexamethasone to topical chlorhexidine wipe products.

Sources:
(1) Chan, D. (2023). Risks of feeding raw diets to dogs and considerations for human health. Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/risks-raw-diets-dogs-human-health-bacteria
(2) Mounsey et al. (2022). Evidence that fecal carriage of resistant Escherichia coli by 16-week-old dogs in the United Kingdom is associated with raw feeding. One Health, 14(1), 100370. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771422000027?via%3Dihub
(3) Koch, SN. (2023). Stability of injectable dexamethasone in chlorhexidine wipes and pads. Clinician's Brief. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/dexamethasone-injectable-chlorhexidine-allergies-wipes-pads
(4) Bancroft, S., et al. (2022). Stability of dexamethasone sodium phosphate over a 28 day period when added to commercial veterinary wipe and pad products. Veterinary Dermatology, 33(6), 498-502. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vde.13108
(5) Fanucchi, L. & Norton, S. (2022). Dogs' preference for white coat versus no white coat when offered a food reward in the exam room. Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research, 7(1), 000219. https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJVSR/dogs-preference-for-white-coat-versus-no-white-coat-when-offered-a-food-reward-in-the-exam-room.pdf

Mousing Hawk Jul 05, 2023

Lauren and JJ investigate the cause of neurologic signs in a dog.

This episode includes a review of the management of bromethalin ingestion, as well as a review of the management of hypernatremia caused by activated charcoal administration.

Sources:
(1) Ball, A. (2014). Managing hypernatremia after activated charcoal administration. Veterinary Medicine, 109(4), 126-130.
(2) Brister, J., Gwaltney-Brant, S., & Dekker, M. (2021). Bromethalin toxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(3) Brister, J., Gwaltney-Brant, S., & Dekker, M. (2021). Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(4) Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2021). Hypernatremia (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. www.vin.com
(5) Veterinary Information Network (2017). Charcoal, activated. VIN Veterinary Drug Handbook. www.vin.com

Snackisode 4.2: Take Cover Jun 28, 2023

Lauren and JJ answer a letter from the mailbag: Should no-show fees be charged to clients who miss appointments?

That's Not a Cervix Jun 21, 2023

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of swelling, pain, and skin sores in a puppy.

This episode includes a detailed discussion of juvenile cellulitis in puppies.

Sources:
(1) Rothrock, K., Short, J., Shell, L. G., & Evans, A. G. (2019). Juvenile cellulitis (canine). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
NOTE: This online doucment was updated on 6/12/23, after recording of this episode but before release of the episode.
(2) Rosenkrantz, W. (2022). Canine pediatric dermatology. Proceedings of the 2022 Pacific Veterinary Conference.
(3) Banovic, F. (2020). Dermatologic emergencies: What's that? Proceedings of the 2020 Western Veterinary Conference.

Snackisode 4.1: Potluck Yard Sale Tattoo Jun 14, 2023

Lauren and JJ discuss a new monoclonal antibody treatment for parvoviral enteritis, review a case of bat-transmitted rabies in a human child, and share their favorite things of the week.

Sources:

Seymour KG. Elanco announces first-ever canine parvovirus treatment. AAHA NEWStat. May 5, 2023. https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2023-5/elanco-announces-first-ever-canine-parvovirus-treatment/#:~:text=What%20to%20know%20about%20CPMA,weeks%20old%20who%20test%20positive
Elanco announces breakthrough treatment for deadly canine parvovirus. Elanco. May 2, 2023. https://www.elanco.com/en-us/insights/elanco-announces-breakthrough-treatment-for-deadly-canine-parvovirus
Blackburn D, Minhaj FS, Al Hammoud R, et al. Human Rabies — Texas, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1547–1549. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7149a2
Hein I. CDC detais rabies death after boy goes untreated following bat bite. Medpage Today. December 9, 2022. https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/generalinfectiousdisease/102181

You're Not Wrong Jun 07, 2023

Lauren and JJ are back with a case to kick off season 4 of the podcast! What is causing weakness, decreased appetite, and weight loss in this canine patient?

The episode includes a review of the diagnosis and management of hypoadrenocorticism in the dog, as well as important information about accurate diagnosis in patients who have already received steroids.

Special thanks to Ellen Behrend, VMD, PhD, DACVIM for agreeing to be featured on this episode!

Sources:
(1) Behrend, E., Rothrock, K., & Shell, L. (2022). Hypoadrenocorticism (canine). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
(2) Lobetti, R., Lindquist, E., Frank, J., Casey, D., Marek, K., & Timon, T. (2016). Retrospective study of adrenal gland ultrasonography in dogs with normal and abnormal ACTH stimulation test. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Practice and Petcare, 1(1), 1-6.
(3) Wenger, M., Mueller, C., Kook, P. H., & Reusch, C. E. (2010). Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal glands in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism or mimicking diseases. Veterinary Record, 167(1), 207-210.

Special Guest: Ellen Behrend.

Season 4 Update Apr 24, 2023

Lauren and JJ are working hard on season 4 of the podcast and expect new episodes to be released in June 2023!

If you have stories, questions, or cases for the podcast, please send them to introvetspodcast@gmail.com. Catch up with us on Facebook, Instagram, or Tiktok @introvets.

Howloween Spooktacular 2022 Oct 26, 2022

Lauren and JJ explore the myth - the legend - the werewolf!

References:

Cowie A: Germany's brutal werewolf belt and the gut-wrenching execution of Peter Stumpp. Ancient Origins, 2021. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history/german-werewolf-009397
Peter Stumpp. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Stumpp
Werewolf. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werewolf
Blecourt WD: Monstrous theories. Preternature: Clinical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural, 2013; 2(2): 188-215. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/preternature.2.2.0188
Clinical lycanthorpy. Wikipedia, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_lycanthropy

Snackisode 3.15: Healthy Risks Oct 19, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome Dr. Katie Krothapalli to the podcast to talk about non-clinical veterinary roles, the importance of remaining flexible, healthy risk-taking, and how to find a better fit professionally.

Special Guest: Katie Krothapalli .

Side-Eye Emoji Oct 12, 2022

Lauren and JJ investigate a cluster of odd symptoms in a dog, including lameness, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures.

This episode includes a review of hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism.

References:

Rothrock K, Shell L: Hypocalcemia (Canine). VINcyclopedia, 2017. www.vin.com
Rothrock K, Wasik B, Shell L: Hypoparathyroidism (Canine). VINcyclopedia, 2021. www.vin.com
Harper JA, Burchell RK: Comparison, accuracy, and precision of cage-side and reference laboratory analyzers: Ionized calcium. European Veterinary Internal Medicine Companion Animal Congress Proceedings, 2020.
Nowers T: Parathyroid disorders in dogs and cats. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference Proceedings, 2017.
Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6th Edition, 2004.
Galvao DB, et al.: Treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Kirk's Current Veteirnary Therapy XV, 2014.

Snackisode 3.14: Hope for Hemoabdomen Oct 05, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome Emergency Critical Care Specialist Dr. Sam Stewart to the podcast to discuss a currently ongoing clinical trial for hemoabdomen due to splenic tumors in canine patients.

Visit the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine's information page about the study: https://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/research/clinical-trials/canine-hemangiosarcoma/

Download a flyer about the clinical trial from Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine: https://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ETHOS-Clinical-Trial-Flyer19.pdf

Read about the Ethos-PUSH study, including the full list of participating hospitals, at the Ethos Veterinary Health site: https://www.ethosvet.com/clinical-study/ethos-precision-medicine-umbrella-study-for-hemangiosarcoma-epush/

Special Guest: Sam Stewart.

Cute But Deadly Sep 28, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome Licensed Veterinary Technician Elena Graves back to the podcast to discuss a case of epistaxis in a dog.

This episode includes an in-depth discussion of nasal aspergillosis.

References:

Hillsman S, Tolbrert KM: Differential diagnosis: Epistaxis. Clinician’s Brief. August 2018. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/differential-diagnosis-epistaxis
Robinson NG: Yunnan baiyao: Facts & myths. Clinician’s Brief. January 2016. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/yunnan-baiyao-facts-myths
Brister J, Morgan RV: Aspergillosis/ penicillosis, nasal (canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. June 2019. www.vin.com
Sharp NJH, Harvey, CE, Sullivan M: Canine Nasal Aspergillosis and Penicilliosis . Compend Contin Educ Vet 1991 Vol 13 (1) pp. 41-49.
Vangrinsven E, Duprez JN, Taminiau B, et al.: Comparison of culture-dependent and -independent methods on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge. European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Companion Animal Online Congress 2021.
Stepaniuk KS, Gingerich W: Suspect odontogenic infection etiology for canine lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 2015; 32(1): 22-29. DOI: 10.1177/089875641503200103
Biénès T, Vangrinsven E, Fastrès A, et al.: Utility of fungal polymerase chain reaction on nasal swab samples in the diagnosis and monitoring of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2022; 36(4): 1295-1302. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16441

Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Snackisode 3.13: Stick the Landing Sep 21, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss important clinical updates including canine outcomes in high-rise syndrome, a recently published case series about tartaric acid toxicity in dogs and its link to grape and raisin toxicity, and a new clinical trial for hemoabdomen patients at Auburn University's College of Veterinary Medicine.

No Is Not An Emotion Sep 14, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken back to the podcast to discuss resiliency, post-traumatic growth, and the Veterinary Hope Foundation.

Veterinary Hope Foundation: https://veterinaryhope.org/

Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Snackisode 3.12: Wet Werewolves Sep 07, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome relief veterinarian Dr. Shelby Agnew back to the podcast to discuss workplace red flags.

Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

I Believe I Can Fly Aug 31, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss the treatment of high-rise syndrome - falls of more than two stories - in cats, including some amazing survival stores about falls over twenty stories!

References:

Buriko Y: High-rise syndrome. International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium 2018 Proceedings.
Whitney W, Mehlhaff C: High-rise syndrome in cats. Journal of the American Veteirnary Medical Association, 1987; 191(11): 1399-1403.
Gordon L, Thacher C, Kapatkin A: High-rise syndrome in dogs: 81 cases (1985-1991). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993; 202(1): 118-122.
Vnuk D. Feline high-rise syndrome: 119 cases (1998–2001). J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(5):305–312.
Papazoglou LG, Galatos AD, Patsikas MN, et al.: High-rise syndrome in cats: 207 cases (1988-1998). Australian Veterinary Practitioner, 2001; 31(3): 98-102.

Snackisode 3.11: The Late 1900s Aug 24, 2022

In Snackisode 3.11, Lauren and JJ answer a "what would you do?" question from the mail bag: When a veterinarian and a technician disagree about patient care, what should be done?

Can't Get No Catisfaction Aug 17, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome feline specialist Dr. Michelle Gaspar back to the podcast to talk about feline GI disease and the latest vaccination recommendations from AAFP and AAHA.

2020 AAHA/ AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines: https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/02-guidelines/feline-vaccination-guidlines/resource-center/2020-aahaa-afp-feline-vaccination-guidelines.pdf

Special Guest: Michelle Gaspar.

Snackisode 3.10: Fifteen Quesadillas Aug 10, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss the importance of addressing retained deciduous teeth right away, tests for marijuana toxicity in dogs, the discovery of new anatomic brain pathways in the dog, emerging veterinary specialties, and a study on the efficacy transdermal gabapentin in cats.

References:
(1) Fitzgerald et al. (2021). Detecting and quantifying marijuana metabolites in serum and urine of 19 dogs affected by marijuana toxicity. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 33(5), 1002-1007. https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/detecting-and-quantifying-marijuana-metabolites-in-serum-and-urin
(2) Cornell University. (2022). Study finds new links between dogs' smell and vision. Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-links-dogs-vision.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter
(3) Erica F. Andrews et al. (2022). Extensive connections of the canine olfactory pathway revealed by tractography and dissection. The Journal of Neuroscience _. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2355-21.2022
(4) Fiala, J. (2022). Nephrology-urology recognized as new veterinary specialty. _VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10935586
(5) Fiala, J. (2022). Should education become a veterinary specialty? VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10741751
(6) Slovak, J. E. & Costa. A. P. (2021). A pilot study of transdermal gabapentin in cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(1), 1981-1987.

Starstruck Aug 03, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinarian and therapist Dr. Michelle Gaspar to the podcast to talk about her unique career journey and the barriers to wellness within the profession.

Special Guest: Michelle Gaspar.

Snackisode 3.9: Put Your Cape On Jul 27, 2022

Is the promotion of self-care in veterinary medicine a scam? In Snackisode 3.9, Lauren and JJ answer this question and discuss the process of creating and maintaining healthy work boundaries.

Unicorn Hair Jul 20, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome boarded dermatology specialist Dr. Chris Reeder to the podcast to discuss veterinary dermatology!

Special Guest: Chris Reeder.

Snackisode 3.8: Black Market Pugs Jul 13, 2022

In Snackisode 3.8, Lauren and JJ discuss the importance of ear protection, brachycephalic breed bans, the heartwarming story of a dog reunited with its owner at a Dollar General in Florida, and National Wildlife Federation's Certified Wildlife Habitat program.

References:
(1) Kelly, R. (2021). Calls for bans on breeding short-nosed dogs gain momentum. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10411832
(2) Taylor, C. (2022). Watch this Florida dog wander into Dollar General, browse the aisles until reunited with his human. Daily Paws. https://www.dailypaws.com/pet-news-entertainment/feel-good-stories/florida-dog-wanders-into-dollar-general
(3) National Wildlife Federation Certified Wildlife Habitat informaton: https://www.nwf.org/certifiedwildlifehabitat

Not My Favorite Jul 06, 2022

In Episode 3.9, Lauren and JJ investigate a case of dyspnea in a cat patient. This episode includes a complete review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the cat.

References:
(1) Lake-Bakaar, G. & Kittleson, M. D. (2017). Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
(2) Stern, J. (2019). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and co-managing hypertension or hyperthyroidism. American Association of Feline Practitioners Conference Proceedings.
(3) Kittleson, M. D. (2021). The feline cardiomyopathies: 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(11), pp 1028-1051.
(4) Pereira, Y. M. (2018). Approach to the dyspnoeic cat. British Small Animal Veterinary Conference Proceedings.
(5) Rothrock, K. & Shell, L. (2021). Pulmonary edema (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
(6) Rishniw, M. (2017). Feline heart size and hypertrophy. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com
(7) Lisciandro, G. R. (2015). Lung ultrasound in small animals: The vet blue. American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference Proceedings.
(8) Brister, J. (2018). Heart failure, left-sided (feline). VINcyclopedia. www.vin.com
(9) Rishniw, M. (2017). Furosemide trial. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com
(10) Rishniw, M. (2017). Feline murmurs and gallop sounds: A quick primer. VIN Medical FAQs. www.vin.com
(11) Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings.

Snackisode 3.7: All the Answers Jun 29, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome clinical pathology resident Dr. Sarah Laroche back to the podcast to discuss common misconceptions about veterinary practice and being a new veterinarian.

Special Guest: Sarah Laroche.

Pointy Teeth Jun 22, 2022

In episode 3.7, Lauren and JJ welcome clinical pathology resident Dr. Sarah Laroche to the podcast to discuss the case of an icteric cat, a dog’s run-in with a rabbit, and veterinary school struggles.

Special Guest: Sarah Laroche.

Snackisode 3.6: Just Don't Do It Jun 15, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss the 2/3 rule in veterinary oncology, a Florida criminal case in which a woman has been charged with four counts of felony animal cruelty following the heatstroke deaths of four dogs, and the 2021 report of an imported dog who developed Rabies following insufficient vaccination.

References:
(1) Information about the 2/3 rule in veterinary oncology: http://www.veterinarycancer.com/hermangiosarcoma
(2) Millar, S. L., Curley, T. L., Monnet, E. L., & Zersen, K. M. (2022). Premature death in dogs with nontraumatic hemoabdomen and splenectomy with benign histopathologic findings, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(S1), S9-S14. Retrieved Jun 4, 2022, from https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/260/S1/javma.21.01.0033.xml
(3) News article about the woman charged in Florida with four counts of animal cruelty after leaving four dogs in her car: https://nypost.com/2022/05/27/florida-woman-charged-with-leaving-four-dogs-to-die-in-her-car/
(4) The Philadelphia Inquirer article about the CDC's investigation of a case of Rabies in an imported dog: https://www.inquirer.com/health/rabies-dog-azerbaijan-pennsylvania-cdc-20220519.html
(5) The CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report regarding the case of Rabies in an imported dog: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7120a3.htm?s_cid=mm7120a3_w

Zombie Shark Jun 08, 2022

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of collapse in a middle-aged dog.

This episode includes a detailed discussion of hemoabdomen and splenic hemangiosarcoma in the dog.

References

Primary sources of information for this episode:
(1) Rothrock, K., Smrkovski, K., & Rosenthal, R. C. (2021). Hemangiosarcoma, splenic (canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated 5/8/2021. Last accessed 5/26/2022. www.vin.com
(2) Pope, K. (2018). Evidince-informed integrative oncology: Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings, 2018.

Information about rates of metastasis, splenectomy as a palliative procedure, and poor overall survival rates:
(1) Pope, K. (2018). Evidince-informed integrative oncology: Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Southwest Veterinary Symposium Proceedings, 2018.
(2) Clifford, C. A. & Liptak, J. M. (2017). Splenic tumors. Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference Proceedings, 2017.
(3) Batschinski, K., Nobre, A., Vargas-Mendez, E., Tedardi, M. V., Cirillo, J., Castari, G., Ubukata, R., & Dagli, M. L. (2018). Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery alone or surgery and doxorubicin: 37 cases (2005-2014). The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 59(9), 967-972.
(4) Wendelburg, K. M., Price, L. L., Burgess, K. E., Lyons, J. A., Lew, F. H., & Berg, J. (2015). Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001-2012). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247(4), 393-403.

Information about median survival times:
(1) Thamm, D., Withrow, S. W. (2013). Miscellaneous tumors: Hemangiosarcoma. Withrow & MacEwen’s Small Animal Clinical Oncology,St. Louis, MO. Saunders/Elsevier, 679-88.
(2) Aronsohn, M. G., Dubiel, B., Roberts, B., & Powers, B. E. (2009). Prognosis for acute nontraumatic hemoperitoneum in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 60 cases (2003-2006). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 45(2), 72–77.
(3) Collard, F., Nadeau, M. E., & Carmel, E. N. (2010). Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in a dog. Veterinary surgery : VS, 39(7), 870–872.
(4) Marconato, L., Chalfon, C., Finotello, R., Polton, G., Vasconi, M. E., Annoni, M., Stefanello, D., Mesto, P., Capitani, O., Agnoli, C., Amati, M., & Sabattini, S. (2019). Adjuvant anthracycline-based vs metronomic chemotherapy vs no medical treatment for dogs with metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study of the Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology. Veterinary and comparative oncology, 17(4), 537–544.

A selection of information about chemotherapy and adjunctive treatments for hemangiosarcoma (outside of the scope of this episode, for further reading):
(1) Wendelburg, K. M., Price, L. L., Burgess, K. E., Lyons, J. A., Lew, F. H., & Berg, J. (2015). Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001-2012). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247(4), 393-403.
(2) Alexander, C. K., Cronin, K. L., Silver, M., Gardner, H. L., & London, C. (2019). The addition of metronomic chemotherapy does not improve outcome for canine splenic haemangiosarcoma. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 66(1), 32-37.
(3) Matsuyama, A., Poirier, V. J., Mantovani, F., Foster, R. A., & Mutsaers, A. J. (2017). Adjuvant doxorubicin with or without metronomic cyclophosphamide for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 53(6), 304-312.
(4) Teske, E., Rutteman, G. R., Kirpenstein, J., & Hirschberger, J. (2011). A randomized controlled study into the efficacy and toxicity of pegylated liposome encapsulated doxorubicin as an adjuvant therapy in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 9(4), 283-89.
(5) Kahn, S. A., Mullin, C. M., de Lormier, L. P., Burgess, K. E., Risbon, R. E., Fred, R. M., Drobatz, K., & Clifford, C. A. (2013) Doxorubicin and deracoxib adjuvant therapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma: A pilot study. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 54(3) 237-42.
(6) Kim, S. E., Liptak, L. M., Gall, T. T., Montelth, G. J., & Woods, P. (2007). Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997-2004). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 231(10), 1550-57.
(7) Alvarez, F. J., Hosoya, K., Lara-Garcia, A., Kisseberth, W., & Couto, G. (2013). VAC protocol for treatment of dogs with stage III hemangiosarcoma. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 49(6), 370-77.
(8) Marconato, L., Chalfon, C., Finotello, R., Polton, G., Vasconi, M. E., Annoni, M., Stefanello, D., Mesto, P., Capitani, O., Agnoli, C., Amati, M., & Sabattini, S. (2019). Adjuvant anthracycline-based vs metronomic chemotherapy vs no medical treatment for dogs with metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study of the Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology. Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, 17(4), 537-44.
(9) Gardner, H. L., London, C. A., Portela, R. A., Nguyen, S., Rosenberg, M. P., Klein, M. K., Clifford, C., Thamm, D. H., Vail, D. M., Bergman, P., Crawford-Jakubiak, M., Henry, C., Locke, J., & Garrett, L. D. (2015). Maintenance therapy with toceranib following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. BioMed Central Veterinary Research, 11(0), 131.
(10) Lana, S., U'ren, L., Plaza, S., Elmslie, R., Gustafson, D., Morley, P., & Dow, S. (2007). Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21(4), 764-69.
(11) Vail, D. M., MacEwen, E. G., Kurzman, I. D., Dubielzig, R. R., Helfand, S. C., Kisseberth, W. C., London, C. A., Obradovich, J. E., Madewell, B. R., & Rodriguez, C. O. (1995). Liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine adjuvant immunotherapy for splenic hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a randomized multi-institutional clinical trial. Clinical Cancer Research: An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 1(10), 1165-70.
(12) Grammel, T. (2016). A pilot, uncontrolled study of postsurgical treatment with autologous dendritic cell-based immunologic therapy in 10 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. Veterinary Cancer Society World Congress Proceedings, 2016.

Snackisode 3.5: A Tire Jun 01, 2022

Lauren and JJ share some important clinical updates including a study about client perception of veterinary attire, guidelines from the FDA regarding veterinary drug compounding, updates for appropriate patient cooling in heatstroke cases, and the use of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic cases.

References and Resources:

The study on veterinary attire: E. Bentley, H. Kellihan, C. Longhurst, & R. Chun. (2020). Effect of attire on client perceptions of veterinarians. The Veterinary Journal, 265(1), 105550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105550
VIN News article on the FDA guidelines for veterinary drug compounding: Lau, E. (April 21, 2022). FDA finishes veteirnary drug compounding guidance at last. VIN News Service. https://news.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=210&Id=10904160
Link to the FDA document, "Compounding Animal Drugs from Bulk Drug Substances:" https://news.vin.com/apputil/image/handler.ashx?docid=10887416
Link to the FDA document, "List of Bulk Drug Substances for Compounding Office Stock Drugs for Use in Nonfood-Producing Animals:" https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-drug-compounding/list-bulk-drug-substances-compounding-office-stock-drugs-use-nonfood-producing-animals
Link to the FDA's information regarding reporting adverse drug events, including Form 1932a: https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-drug-compounding/list-bulk-drug-substances-compounding-office-stock-drugs-use-nonfood-producing-animals
Sources for heatstroke clinical updates: (1) Wells RJ: Environmental emergencies. Western Veterinary Conference Proceedings. February 2012, 19-23. Las Vegas, NV. https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?id=5604141&pid=11348& (2) Brashear M: Canine heat stroke – Keeping your cool. Pacific Veterinary Conference Proceedings. June 2019, 21-24. Long Beach, CA. https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?id=9048897&pid=23140& (3) Carr M: The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Heat Stroke. International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium 2003. https://beta.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?id=3848363&pid=11162& (4) Bruchim Y: Canine Heatstroke: Patient Management. International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium 2016. https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?id=7480469&pid=15793& (5) Waxman C: Temperature extremes: From hypothermia to heatstroke. New York Vet Show Proceedings. November 2019, 7-8. New York, NY. https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?id=9319962&pid=23658& (6) Hemmelgarn C, Gannon K: Heatstroke: clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. . Compend Contin Educ Vet 2013 Vol 35 (7) pp. E3. https://beta.vin.com/members/cms/document/default.aspx?objecttypeid=2&template=articleview&objectid=1930137&said=1
Source for clinical updates regarding continuous blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients: Lathan, P. A. (2021). Monitoring diabetic dogs and cats. Southwest Veterinary Symposium 2021 Proceedings.
Link to Patty Lathan's video on continous glucose monitor application in companion animals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytkcjpdxtKY

No Limit May 25, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome therapist Dr. Kevin Stoltz to the podcast to discuss career counseling and developmment.

Special Guest: Kevin Stoltz.

Snackisode 3.4: That's How You Get Ants May 18, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary clinical pathologist Dr. Kate Baker back to the podcast to talk about telecytology, sample preparation, and crumbs on the microscope.

Special Guest: Kate Baker.

Blood Smears for Everyone May 11, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome veterinary clinical pathologist Dr. Kate Baker to the podcast to review some cool hematology cases.

References:
(1) The study referenced re: tick-borne relapsing fever: Piccione, J., Levine, G. J., Duff, C. A., Kuhlman, G. M., Scott, K. D., & Esteve-Gassent, M. D. (2016). Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever in Dogs. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 30(4), 1222–1228. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14363
(2) Reference for the information about zinc toxicosis and pennies: Zinc toxicosis is possible with US pennies minted after 1982 and Canadian pennies minted between 1997-2001. Rothrock, K., Dekker, & Shell, L. (2021). Zinc Toxicosis (Canine). VINcyclopedia. Last updated 11/28/21. Last accessed 5/2/22.

Special Guest: Kate Baker.

Snackisode 3.3: Flying Balls May 04, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss a case of veterinary resiliency, including the importance of mental flexibility, divergent thinking. The ladies also discuss brainstorming and goal setting.

Get Your House in Order Apr 27, 2022

Lauren and JJ welcome Dr. Cherese Sullivan to the podcast to discuss the Multicultural Veterinary Medical Association and the importance of diversity and inclusion in our field.

Visit the Multicultural Veterinary Medical Association at https://mcvma.org/

Special Guest: Cherese Sullivan.

Snackisode 3.2: Pooptastrophe Apr 20, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss what's new in pet technology and a Roomba disaster story.

All Eyes on JJ Apr 13, 2022

Lauren and JJ investigate the case of a dog with a strange mandibular swelling.

The episode includes an in-depth review of the fungal disease blastomycosis.

Source:

Brister, J., & Morgan, R. V. (2019). Blastomycosis (Canine). VINcyclopedia of Diseases. https://www.vin.com/members/cms/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=607&id=4953586

Snackisode 3.1: Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes Apr 06, 2022

Lauren and JJ discuss real-world interventions for compassion fatigue.

References:

Fonken, L. (2019). Living between the lines: Life, work and wellbeing. 2019 Pacific Veterinary Conference Proceedings. http://www.vin.com
National Wellness Institute. (2020). Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://nationalwellness.org/resources/six-dimensions-of-wellness/
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). Creating a healthier life: A step-by-step guide to wellness. Department of Health and Human Services.
Swarbrick, M. (2006). A wellness approach. Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, 29(4), 311-314. https://doi.org/10.2975/29.2006.311.314
The Ohio State University Office of Student Life Wellness Center. (2021). Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://swc.osu.edu/about-us/nine-dimensions-of-wellness/
Munley, P. H. (1977). Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development and career development. Journal of vocational behavior, 10(3), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(77)90062-8
Fonken, L. (2019). A view from the edge: Understanding the challenges to veterinary wellbeing. 2019 Pacific Veterinary Conference Proceedings. http://www.vin.com
Halifax, J. (2018). Standing at the edge: Finding freedom where fear and courage meet. Flatiron Books.
Alvis, D. (2020). Compassion fatigue: Certification training for healthcare, mental health and caring professionals. PESI, Inc.
Tomasi, S. E., Fechter-Leggett, E. D., Edwards, N. T., Reddish, A. D., Crosby, A. E. & Nett, R. J. (2019). Suicide among veterinarians in the united states from 1979 through 2015. Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 254(1), 104-112. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/10.2460/javma.254.1.104
Nett, R. J., Witte, T. K., Holzbauer, S. M., Elchos, B. L., Campagnolo, E. R., Musgrave, K. J., Carter, K. K., Kurkjian, K. M., Vanicek, C., O’Leary, D. R., Pride, K. R., & Funk, R. H. (2015). Notes from the field: Prevalence of risk factors for suicide among veterinarians – united states, 2014. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 64(6), 159.
Witte, T. K., Spitzer, E. G., Edwards, N., Fowler, K. A. & Nett, R. J. (2019). Suicides and deaths of undetermined intent among veterinary professionals from 2003 to 2014. Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 255(5), 595-608. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/10.2460/javma.255.5.595
Stone, D., Holland, K., Bartholow, B., Crosby, A., Davis, S. & Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing suicide: A technical package of policy, programs, and practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/suicideTechnicalPackage.pdf
Lee, E., Daugherty, J., Eskierka, K. & Hamelin, K. (2019). Compassion fatigue and burnout, one institution’s interventions. Journal of perianesthesia nursing, 34(4), 767-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.003
Sullivan, S. & Germain, M. (2020). Psychosocial risks of healthcare professionals and occupational suicide. Industrial and commercial training, 52(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-08-2019-0081
Kleiner, S. & Wallace, J. E. (2017). Oncologist burnout and compassion fatigue: Investigating time pressure at work as a predictor and the mediating role of work-family conflict. BMC health services research, 17, 639. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2581-9
Teater, M. & Ludgate, J. (2014). Overcoming compassion fatigue: A practical resilience workbook. PESI Publishing & Media.
Joinson C. (1992). Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing, 22(4), 116-121.
American Veterinary Medical Association. (2021). Assess your wellbeing. Retrieved August 28, 2021. https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/wellbeing/assess-your-wellbeing
Compassion Fatigue Awareness Project. (2021). Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://compassionfatigue.org/index.html
Dowling T. (2018). Compassion does not fatigue! The Canadian veterinary journal, 59(7), 749–750.
Klimecki, O. & Singer, T. (2011). Empathic distress fatigue rather than compassion fatigue? Integrating findings from empathy research in psychology and social neuroscience. In: Oakley, B., Knafo, A. & Madhavan, G., et al., editors. Pathological Altruism. New York, New York: Oxford University Press; 2011. pp. 1–23. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199738571.003.0253
Gladding, S. T. & Newsome, D. W. (2018). Clinical mental health counseling in community and agency settings. Pearson Education, Inc.
Constantino, M. J., Vîslă, A., Coyne, A. E. & Boswell, J. F. (2018). A meta-analysis of the association between patients’ early treatment outcome expectation and their posttreatment outcomes. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 473-485. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000169
Duarte, J. & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2016). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on oncology nurses’ burnout and compassion fatigue symptoms: A non-randomized study. International journal of nursing studies, 64, 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.10.002
Thieleman, K. & Cacciatore, J. (2014). Witness to suffering: Mindfulness and compassion fatigue among traumatic bereavement volunteers and professionals. Social work, 59(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swt044
Gregory, A. (2015). Yoga and mindfulness program: The effects on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in social workers. Journal of religion & spirituality in social work: Social thought, 34(4), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2015.1080604
Raab, K. (2014). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and empathy among health care professionals: A review of literature. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.913876
Ifrach, E. R. & Miller, A. (2016). Social action art therapy as an intervention for compassion fatigue. The arts in psychotherapy, 50, 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.009
Plath, A. M. & Fickling, M. J. (2020). Task-oriented self-care: An innovative approach to wellness for counselors. Journal of creativity in mental health, DOI:10.1080/15401383.2020.1842274
Lin, Y., Lin, C. Y. & Li, Y. (2014). Planting hope in loss and grief: Self-care applications of horticultural therapy for grief caregivers in Taiwan. Death studies, 38, 603-611. DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2013.820231
Fredborg, B. K., Clark, J. M. & Smith, S. D. (2018). Mindfulness and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5414
Curry, N. A. & Kasser, T. (2011). Can coloring mandalas reduce anxiety? Journal of the american art therapy association, 22(2), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129441
Mantzios, M., Tariq, A., Altaf, M. & Giannou, K. (2021). Loving-kindness colouring and loving-kindness meditation: Exploring the effectiveness of non-meditative and meditative practices on state mindfulness and anxiety. Journal of creativity in mental health. https://doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2021.1884159
Morin, A. (2015, January 24). 10 thinking errors that will crush your mental strength… and how to overcome them. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-mentally-strong-people-dont-do/201501/10-thinking-errors-will-crush-your-mental-strength
Burns, D. D. (2008). Feeling good: The new mood therapy. Harper.
Open-Source Psychometrics Project. (2019). Holland code (RIASEC) test. Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/RIASEC/
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B. & Derks, D. (2014). Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 6, 914-928. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.969245

Not Another Compassion Fatigue Podcast Mar 30, 2022

Lauren and JJ celebrate the start of the podcast's third season with an in-depth episode about compassion fatigue in the veterinary profession. What is it? Who is at risk? What are the symptoms? Find out here!

References:

American Veterinary Medical Association. (2021). Assess your wellbeing. Retrieved August 28, 2021. https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/wellbeing/assess-your-wellbeing
Compassion Fatigue Awareness Project. (2021). Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://compassionfatigue.org/index.html
Fonken, L. (2019). A view from the edge: Understanding the challenges to veterinary wellbeing. 2019 Pacific Veterinary Conference Proceedings. http://www.vin.com
Teater, M. & Ludgate, J. (2014). Overcoming compassion fatigue: A practical resilience workbook. PESI Publishing & Media.
Nett, R. J., Witte, T. K., Holzbauer, S. M., Elchos, B. L., Campagnolo, E. R., Musgrave, K. J., Carter, K. K., Kurkjian, K. M., Vanicek, C., O’Leary, D. R., Pride, K. R., & Funk, R. H. (2015). Notes from the field: Prevalence of risk factors for suicide among veterinarians – united states, 2014. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 64(6), 159.
Tomasi, S. E., Fechter-Leggett, E. D., Edwards, N. T., Reddish, A. D., Crosby, A. E. & Nett, R. J. (2019). Suicide among veterinarians in the united states from 1979 through 2015. Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 254(1), 104-112. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/10.2460/javma.254.1.104
Witte, T. K., Spitzer, E. G., Edwards, N., Fowler, K. A. & Nett, R. J. (2019). Suicides and deaths of undetermined intent among veterinary professionals from 2003 to 2014. Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 255(5), 595-608. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/10.2460/javma.255.5.595
Stone, D., Holland, K., Bartholow, B., Crosby, A., Davis, S. & Wilkins, N. (2017). Preventing suicide: A technical package of policy, programs, and practices. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/suicideTechnicalPackage.pdf
Lee, E., Daugherty, J., Eskierka, K. & Hamelin, K. (2019). Compassion fatigue and burnout, one institution’s interventions. Journal of perianesthesia nursing, 34(4), 767-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.003
Sullivan, S. & Germain, M. (2020). Psychosocial risks of healthcare professionals and occupational suicide. Industrial and commercial training, 52(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-08-2019-0081
Kleiner, S. & Wallace, J. E. (2017). Oncologist burnout and compassion fatigue: Investigating time pressure at work as a predictor and the mediating role of work-family conflict. BMC health services research, 17, 639. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2581-9
Joinson C. (1992). Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing, 22(4), 116-121.
Dowling T. (2018). Compassion does not fatigue! The Canadian veterinary journal, 59(7), 749–750.
Klimecki, O. & Singer, T. (2011). Empathic distress fatigue rather than compassion fatigue? Integrating findings from empathy research in psychology and social neuroscience. In: Oakley, B., Knafo, A. & Madhavan, G., et al., editors. Pathological Altruism. New York, New York: Oxford University Press; 2011. pp. 1–23. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199738571.003.0253
Alvis, D. (2020). Compassion fatigue: Certification training for healthcare, mental health and caring professionals. PESI, Inc.

Snackisode 2.15: Very McConaughey Oct 20, 2021

In Snackisode 2.15, Lauren and JJ welcome emergency critical care specialist Dr. Jaqueline Nobles back to the podcast to talk about the case of a coughing dog.

Special Guest: Jacqueline Nobles.

House of Waffles Oct 13, 2021

Lauren and JJ welcome emergency and critical care specialist Dr. Jaqueline Nobles back to the podcast to discuss some exciting emergency cases.

Special Guest: Jacqueline Nobles.

Snackisode 2.14: Three Favorite Things Oct 06, 2021

Lauren and JJ discuss palliative and hospice care in the veterinary setting.

Resources:
1) Quality of Life Scale: https://vetsocialwork.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Quality-of-Life.pdf
2) Visit the International Association for Animal Hospice and Palliative Care: https://iaahpc.org/

Only Bad Things Sep 29, 2021

Lauren and JJ investigate the cause of dyspnea in a dog patient.

This episode includes a thorough review of the etiologies and managemebt of pleural effusion.

References:

Rothrock, K. & Shell, L. (2016). Pleural effusion. Vincyclopedia of diseases. Accessed 9/4/21 via http://www.vin.com.
Padrid, P. (2018). Pleural space disorders in dogs and cats. Southwest veterinary symposium 2018 proceedings.
Padrid, P. (2011). Respiratory disease: How to reach a diagnosis. British small animal veterinary congress 2011 proceedings.
Reineke, E. L. (2011). Common causes of respiratory distress in dogs. 2011 American college of veterinary internal medicine proceedings.
Brister, J. & Lake-Bakaar, G. (2018). Heart failure, right-sided. Vincyclopedia of diseases. Accessed 9/4/21 via http://www.vin.com.
Davies, C. & Shell, L. (2002). Pleural effusion. Common small animal diagnoses: An algorithmic approach. WB Saunders Company.
Johnson, T. & Jepsen-Grant, K. (2013). Thoracocentesis. VIN mentor visual procedures manual. Accessed 9/5/21 via http://www.vin.com.

Snackisode 2.13: Cheese Every Day Sep 22, 2021

Psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken joins us to continue the conversation about introversion in veterinary medicine and how veterinary leaders can help their colleagues and staff cope.

Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Go Away Sep 15, 2021

Lauren and JJ welcome psychotherapist Dr. Laurie Fonken back to the podcast to discuss introversion and how this temperament impacts career decisions and job satisfaction in veterinary medicine.

Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Snackisode 2.12: Not a Specialist Sep 08, 2021

Lauren and JJ respond to listener mail about standard of care practices and expectations for care in the general practice setting.

That’s Uncool Sep 01, 2021

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of sudden collapse in a young dog.

This episode includes a detailed review of heat stroke in dogs.

References:

Rothrock, K., Shell, L., Carr, & A. (2017). Heat stroke. VINcyclopedia of diseases. www.vin.com
Wells, R. (2012). Environmental Emergencies. Proceedings from the Western Veterinary Conference 2012.
Aroch, I., Klement, Y., & Bruchim, Y. (2007). Nucleated red blood cells and their association with mortality in canine heatstroke. Proceedings from the 17th european college of veterinary internal medicine congress.

Snackisode 2.11: Duct Tape Aug 25, 2021

Lauren and JJ discuss listener mail about the pressures of trying to increase client compliance.

Spare Goat Aug 18, 2021

Lauren and JJ talk with Emergency Critical Care Specialist Dr. Jacqueline Nobles about emergency medicine, career development, and point of care ultrasound.

Special Guest: Jacqueline Nobles.

Snackisode 2.10: The Haircut Aug 11, 2021

Lauren and JJ discuss introversion, shyness and social anxiety, and how they relate to a career in veterinary medicine.

Sources:

Introversion. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/introversion
Social Anxiety. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/social-anxiety-disorder-social-phobia
Granneman, J. (June 13, 2019). How an introvert lives with social anxiety. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-secret-lives-introverts/201906/how-introvert-lives-social-anxiety
Granneman, J. (August 13, 2018). If you relate to these 21 signs, you're an introvert. Introvert, Dear. https://introvertdear.com/news/introvert-undeniable-signs/

Not Gandhi Aug 04, 2021

Lauren and JJ investigate a case of sudden blindness and weight gain in a dog patient.

This episode contains a detailed review of Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration, or SARD.

References:

Moriyon, M. E., Morgan, R. V., & Herring, I. P. (18 February, 2021). Sudden acquired retinal degeneration. Vincyclopedia of diseases. www.vin.com
Yaphe, W. L. (12 April, 2004). Lecture 10: Blindness and diseases of the retina, optic nerve. Small animal medicine II course. Ross University.
Donnelly, T. M. (6 August, 2011). Ophthalmic Examination. Proceedings of the 2011 association of exotic mammal veterinarians annual conference.
Bentley, E. (2017). Sudden-onset blindness. British small animal veterinary congress.
Glaze, M. B. (2012). Vision loss in the clear canine eye. Western veterinary conference.
Sharpe, E. (2018). Acute blindness. Southwest veterinary symposium.

Snackisode 2.9: On the Menu Jul 28, 2021

Dr. Shelby Agnew joins us again to talk about organized veterinary medicine and how to get involved.

Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

The Snorkel Jul 21, 2021

Lauren and JJ talk with Dr. Shelby Agnew, noted "extrovet" and relief veterinarian. The ladies discuss career development in veterinary medicine.

Special Guest: Shelby Agnew.

Snackisode 2.8: Foam Finger Jul 14, 2021

Lauren and JJ ask, "Did you know?" In this episode, the ladies discuss monitoring resting respiratory rate at home, the potential issues with cicada ingestion, utilizing technology to make practice easier, and the addition of dentistry as a requirement for veterinary education.

Sources:

Ljungvall I, Rishniw M, Porciello F, Haggstrom J, Ohad DG. Sleeping and resting respiratory rates in healthy adult cats and cats with subclinical heart disease. In press J Fel Med Surg 2013
Ohad DG, Rishniw M, Ljungvall I, Porciello F, Haggstrom J. Sleeping and resting respiratory rates in dogs with subclinical heart disease. J Amer Vet Med Assoc, 2013;243(6):839-843.
Rishniw M, Llungvall I, Porciello F, Haggstrom J, Ohad DG. Sleeping respiratory rates in apparently healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci, 2012.

Plot Twist Jul 07, 2021

Lauren and JJ investigate a curious case of urinary signs in a young cat - but is everything as it seems?

In this episode, you will find a detailed review of pyometra in the dog and cat.

Sources:

Rothrock, K., Krekeler, N., & Hollinshead, F. Pyometra. VINcyclopedia of diseases (2020). Veterinary Information Network. www.vin.com

Snackisode 2.7: Riding the Wave Jun 30, 2021

Therapist Dana Hampson is back this week to talk about processing grief. The ladies discuss strategies for managing uncomfortable emotions without ignoring them, and the importance of allowing time for healing.

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Everyone is Tiffany Jun 23, 2021

In episode 2.7, fan favorite therapist Dana Hampson is back to help us tackle some dilemmas that we may face in the veterinary field. We discuss reporting substance abuse in the workplace, managing perfectionism, handling passive-aggressive behavior, and responding to signs of depression.

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Snackisode 2.6: Cream of Carter Jun 16, 2021

Lauren and JJ ask, “did you know?” In this journal club episode, the ladies discuss a possible mechanism for grape toxicity in dogs, the benefits of alcohol based rubs over traditional surgical scrubbing, a new pet diabetes app, and a veterinary satirical newspaper.

References - Possible mechanism of grape toxicity:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, June 15, 2021, Vol. 258, No. 12, Pages 1318-1321. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.258.12.1318
McReynolds, T. What causes grape toxicity in dogs? Playdough might have led to a breakthrough. NEWStat, April 1, 2021. American Animal Hospital Association. https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2021-04/what-causes-grape-toxicity-in-dogs-playdough-might-have-led-to-a-breakthrough/

References - Surgical Hand Asepsis:

Boyce, J. M., & Pittet, D. Guideline for hand hygiene in healthcare settings. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, October 24, 2002, 51 (RR 16), pp 1-44. Centers for disease control and prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5116a1.htm
De Silveria, E. A., Bubeck, K. A., Batista, E. R., Piat, P., Laverty, S., Beauchamp, G., Archambault, M., & Elce, Y. Comparison of an alcohol-based hand rub and water-based chlorhexidine gluconate scrub technique for hand antisepsis prior to elective surgery in horses. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, Feb 2016; 57(2), pp 164-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712995/
Weight CJ, Lee MC, Palmer JS. Avagard hand antisepsis vs. traditional scrub in 3600 pediatric urologic procedures. Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):15-7. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.01.017. Epub 2010 Apr 3. PMID: 20363495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20363495/
Verwilghen D, Grulke S, Kampf G. Presurgical hand antisepsis: concepts and current habits of veterinary surgeons. Vet Surg. 2011 Jul;40(5):515-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00846.x. PMID: 21736594. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21736594/
Avagard application instructions: https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/128376O/application-instructions-for-avagard-hand-antiseptic.pdf

Link to the Royal Veterinary College Pet Diabetes App:

The Cageliner: https://cagelinervet.com

AVMA QPR Training: https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/wellbeing/qpr-suicide-prevention-training

Constellation of Signs Jun 09, 2021

Lauren and JJ welcome board-certified veterinary neurologist Dr. Jill Narak to the podcast to discuss wacky cases, medical record woes, and why neurology should not be intimidating.

Special Guest: Jill Narak.

Snackisode 2.5: It’s Not A Cult Jun 02, 2021

In Snackisode 2.5, Lauren and JJ welcome Shea Baker back to the podcast to discuss career flexibility, embracing career course corrections, overcoming fear of failure, and the importance of keeping career and personal identity separate.

Special Guest: Shea Baker.

All Hail Satine May 26, 2021

Lauren and JJ chat with highly credentialed dog trainer Shea Baker about the myths and realities of the discipline.

Sources:

Meredith E. Stepita, Melissa J. Bain, Philip H. Kass; Frequency of CPV Infection in Vaccinated Puppies that Attended Puppy Socialization Classes. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1 March 2013; 49 (2): 95–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5825
AVSAB Position Statement on Puppy Socialization. American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior. https://avsab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Puppy-Socialization-Position-Statement-FINAL.pdf

Special Guest: Shea Baker.

Snackisode 2.4: King Koopa May 19, 2021

In Snackisode 2.4, Lauren and JJ talk about the latest in #pet #technology and fun #products, plus the potential impacts of a post-quarantine world on pet #socialization and separation #anxiety.

These are not paid endorsements. Some specific products discussed in this episode include the Litter Robot (www.litterrobot.com), Furbo (www.furbo.com), Petcube Play 2 (https://petcube.com/play-2/), Whistle Go Explore (https://www.whistle.com/products/whistle-go-explore-gps-pet-tracker-activity-monitor), Zen Crate (www.zendogcrate.com), and PredatorBWare (https://predatorbwear.com).

Hidden Spiders May 12, 2021

Lauren and JJ welcome Licensed Veterinary Technician Elena Graves to the podcast to discuss the benefits of becoming a credentialed technician, the Veterinary Nurse Initiative, and the importance of encouraging colleagues to further their skills and education.

Episode 2.4 sources:

The article Elena wrote for the NAVTA Journal: Graves, E: Encouraging and Respecting Support Staff Pays Long-Term Dividends. NAVTA Journal Feb/Mar 2021 pp. 26-28. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.navta.net/resource/resmgr/media/2021_tnj/TNJ_2021-Feb-March_final_web.pdf
The statistic about credentialed veterinary technicians adding $93,000 in revenue compared to $6,000 for non-credentialed staff members can be found in this source: Fanning J, Shepherd A J: Contribution of veterinary technicians to veterinary business revenue, 2007. JAVMA 2010 Vol 236 (8) pp. 846. https://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/full/10.2460/javma.236.8.846

Links:

Veterinary Nurse Initiative: https://veterinarynurse.org/
For more information about career options for Veterinary Technicians, check out this infographic from the Alabama Veterinary Technician Association: https://www.facebook.com/1934575649889820/posts/4094182963929067/?d=n

Special Guest: Elena Graves.

Snackisode 2.3: The Donut May 05, 2021

Surgeon Dr. Nicki Plunkett is back on the podcast to discuss surgical oncology and more wacky cases!

Special Guest: Nicki Plunkett .

Boob Spay Apr 28, 2021

Lauren and JJ welcome Dr. Nicki Plunkett, a board-certified veterinary surgical specialist, to the podcast to discuss crazy cases, dealing with clients, and surgical pet peeves!

Special Guest: Nicki Plunkett .

Snackisode 2.2: Right Meow Apr 21, 2021

Lauren and JJ review alternative, potentially lower-cost methods of management of feline urethral obstruction.

This episode refers to the following study:
Cooper ES, Owens TJ, Chew DJ, Buffington CA. A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Dec 1;237(11):1261-6. doi: 10.2460/javma.237.11.1261. PMID: 21118011; PMCID: PMC4511701.

My Nightmare Apr 14, 2021

Lauren and JJ share a case of a sick kitty who has been straining in the litterbox. The ladies provide a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment of feline urethral obstruction, including hyperkalemia.

Sources:
Rothrock, K: Urethral Obstruction. In: Feline VINcyclopedia. Veterinary Information Network, Davis, CA. Accessed 4/13/2021.
Cooper E: Feline Urethral Obs. International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Symposium 2010.
Cunha M G M C M, Freitas G C, Carregaro A B, et al : Renal and cardiorespiratory effects of treatment with lactated Ringer's solution or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution in cats with experimentally induced urethral obstruction. Am J Vet Res 2010 Vol 71 (7) pp. 840-6.
Lane I F: Common Challenges in Feline Urethral Obstruction . Western Veterinary Conference 2012.

Snackisode 2.1: You Need Therapy Apr 07, 2021

Lauren and JJ discuss the benefits of seeing a therapist and how to find the right one. Also, the ladies give a preview of season 2.

If you are a veterinarian or veterinary support staff member in distress, please reach out to Vets4Vets, a free and confidential service. https://vinfoundation.org/resources/vets4vets/

Wei-Not-Maraner Mar 31, 2021

Join us as Lauren and JJ discuss a puppy with swollen joints and a fever. Here you'll find a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD).

Sources:
(1) Barnette C, Safra N, Waltman S S, Shell L, and Harasen G: Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy. In: Canine VINcyclopedia. Veterinary Information Network, Davis CA. Accessed 3/30/21.
(2) Seiler G: Radiographic Signs of Common Bone and Joint Disease in Dogs. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress Proceedings. 2016.
(3) Casale S: Juvenile Orthopedic Disease: Sprains, Strains, and Salter-Harris. New York Vet Conference Proceedings. 2019.
(4) Tyrrell D: Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy. Aust Vet Pract 2004 Vol 34 (3) pp. 124-26.

Snackisode 15: Monkey With Bananas Nov 25, 2020

In a continuation of Episode 15, fan favorite - therapist Dana Hampson - is back on the podcast to walk us through how to manage some sticky situations in practice. Through anonymous case examples, we discuss thinking errors and how they contribute to anxiety, how to constructively disagree about the management of medical cases, dealing with poorly behaved clients, and how to share bad news with owners.

Dana Hampson is a Licensed Professional Counselor and the owner of The Balanced Life, LLC, offering private mental health counselling in Madison, AL.

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Episode 15: We are Wizards Nov 18, 2020

Fan favorite - therapist Dana Hampson - is back on the podcast to walk us through how to manage some sticky situations in practice. Through anonymous case examples, we discuss thinking errors and how they contribute to anxiety, how to handle angry clients on the phone, how to draw boundaries with management, and more!

Dana Hampson is a Licensed Professional Counselor and the owner of The Balanced Life, LLC, offering private mental health counselling in Madison, AL.

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Snackisode 14: Management Fail Nov 11, 2020

Management announces a policy change, and it’s obvious to everyone that it’s directed at you. No one gave you a heads up, you disagree with the change, and the announcement was sent to the entire staff via social media. Now the drama llama is at full gallop. How do you respond? Lauren and JJ answer this question in the latest episode of IntroVETS Podcast.

Episode 14: A Very Big Deal Nov 04, 2020

In episode 14, Lauren and JJ present a case of a puppy with bizarre neurologic signs.

Sources:

White J, Taylor SM, Wolfram KL, O'Conner BP. Rabies in a 10-week-old puppy. Can Vet J Sep 2007 Vol 48 (9) pp 931-934. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950115/
Rothrock K, Shell LG. Rabies (Zoonotic). Vincyclopedia of Diseases. Veterinary Information Network. 2018. www.vin.com
Gomez-Alonso J. Rabies: a possible explanation for the vampire legend. Neurology 1998 Vol 51 (3) pp 856-859. https://n.neurology.org/content/51/3/856.full
Rabies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html
Greene CE: Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat Elsevier 2012 pp. 179-197.
Weese JS, Fulford MB: Viral Diseases. Companion Animal Zoonoses Wiley Blackwell 2011 pp. 257-268.
Cleaveland S: Global Canine Rabies Elimination Strategy. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings 2014.
Tepsumethanon V, Wilde H, Sitprija V. Ten-day observation of live rabies suspected dogs. Developments in Biologicals 31 Dec 2007 Vol 131 pp 543-546. https://europepmc.org/article/med/18634517
Rabies. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies

Snackisode 13: Howloween Spooktacular Oct 28, 2020

The Howloween Spooktacular episode is here! Lauren and JJ share spooky clinic stories and talk about all things Halloween.

Episode 13: Be-E Aggressive Oct 21, 2020

Cats just tend to vomit, right? No big deal? No! It’s a big deal! In Episode 13, Lauren and JJ work up a chronically vomiting cat who is losing weight.

Snackisode 12: Don't Google That Oct 14, 2020

In this week’s episode, Lauren and JJ share stories of hero pets: a bomb-sniffing rat, a cat and dog who each saved their owners from potential disaster, and two cool penguins!

Episode 12: Many Chemistries Oct 07, 2020

Lauren and JJ present a case of chronic GI illness in a dog. Are we really just dealing with chronic pancreatitis, or is something else going on?

Snackisode 11: Beautiful and Professional Sep 30, 2020

In snack-sized episode 11, the advice column is back! A veterinary staff member is dissatisfied with the veterinary care of their own pet. Also, JJ tells the WOW cat story, and we hear a listener story about a voicemail fail.

Episode 11: Respectable Mass Sep 23, 2020

In Episode 11, Lauren and JJ present a case from one of our veterinary technician friends. Cassie’s cat is losing weight and seems like a textbook case, but not everything is as it seems.

Snackisode 10: Dear IntroVets Sep 16, 2020

In Snackisode 10, Lauren and JJ tackle a tough listener question. What do you do if you encounter a lower standard of care than you feel comfortable with?

Episode 10: Cluster of Shoes Sep 09, 2020

Lauren and JJ work up a case with some odd non-specific symptoms.
This episode includes an in-depth discussion of pseudocyesis in the dog.

Snackisode 9: Purrrsday Sep 02, 2020

Lauren and JJ read some listener mail and give advice about dealing with grumpy clients, plus the Spicy Purrito Feline Chili Pepper Rating System is explained!

Episode 9: Decision Fatigue Dice Aug 26, 2020

Lauren and JJ welcome special guest therapist Laurie Fonken to discuss the edge states and how they relate to veterinary medicine, including pathologic altruism, burnout, compassion fatigue, and more!

Dr. Fonken, PhD, is a licensed professional counselor and the Director of DVM Counseling and Wellness Programs at Colorodo State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Fonken also provides counselling and consuling services for veterinarians and veterinary staff through her business, Whole Vets, LLC.

Books mentioned in this episode:

Standing at the Edge: Joan Halifax, 2018
Banishing Burnout: Michael Leiter and Christina Maslach, 2005

Special Guest: Laurie Fonken.

Snackisode 8: Buy a Baby Scale Aug 19, 2020

In this Snackisode, Lauren and JJ reminisce about fundraising, talk podcast recommendations, and review the AAFP hyperthyroidism categories. What if a cat with classic symptoms has a normal thyroid level? What if a cat without symptoms has an abnormal thyroid level? What do we do when kitties have more than one problem? The ladies cover all of this and more!

Sources:

2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism, Harney, H. C. et al. May 3, 2016. https://catvets.com/guidelines/practice-guidelines/feline-hyperthyroidism
Ruiz-Drebbing, M. et al. Canine TSH Concentration (CTSH) as a Test for Feline Hyperthyroidism. Is It Useful? 22nd Congress of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine for Companion Animals. 2012.

Episode 8: F*cktion Aug 12, 2020

Lauren and JJ work up weight loss and behavioral changes in a feline patient. This episode includes an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of feline hyperthyroidism.

Sources:

2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism, Harney, H. C. et al. May 3, 2016. https://catvets.com/guidelines/practice-guidelines/feline-hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism in Animals. Peterson, M. E. Merck Veterinary Manual. July 2019. https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/hyperthyroidism-in-animals
Diagnosis and management of feline hyperthyroidism: current perspectives. Vaske, H. et al. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports. March 2014. https://www.dovepress.com/diagnosis-and-management-of-feline-hyperthyroidism-current-perspective-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VMRR

Snackisode 7: Slow Blink Aug 05, 2020

Storytime! Lauren and JJ read veterinary stories from listeners. This week’s episode features a dog with a special skin graft, kitties who find a home together, an owner communication fail, and an inspiring tripod dog.

Episode 7: Anesthesia Mythbusters Jul 29, 2020

Lauren and JJ welcome Veterinary Anesthesiologist Dr. Lydia Love to the podcast to discuss common anesthesia and analgesia myths. Which drugs are safest? Can pets be too old for anesthesia? What are the best choices for pain management? Hear all this and more in this week’s episode!

Special Guest: Lydia Love.

Snackisode 6: Tiny Medal Jul 22, 2020

Veterinary story time! Lauren and JJ share listener stories including an awesome written notice to clients, a clinic that is stepping outside the status quo to create an awesome clinic culture, and a story about a hero yorkie!

Episode 6: Drama Bus Jul 15, 2020

Lauren and JJ sit down to talk with office manager Christine Wood about conflict between veterinary staff members. The ladies discuss several common situations that most long- term veterinary staff have either experienced or fallen into themselves. Christine gives tips on how to cope with interpersonal conflict and improve hospital culture.

Special Guest: Christine Wood.

Snackisode 5: Cupcake Conundrum Jul 08, 2020

In Snack-Sized Episode 5, Lauren and JJ discuss outpatient therapy options for the management of canine parvo virus and they have questions. What is considered outpatient therapy? What level of treatment is involved? Is it less expensive? Why are there cupcakes?

The outpatient study referenced in this episode is: Evaluation of an Outpatient Protocol in the Treatment of Canine Parvoviral Enteritis from the Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, January 2017: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27918639/

Another good resrouce is this FAQ from Colorado State University about their standard outpatient treatment for canine parvovirus: http://csu-cvmbs.colostate.edu/documents/parvo-outpatient-protocol-faq-companion-animal-studies.pdf

The Australian study referenced in this episode is: Socioeconomic, geographic, and climatic risk factors for canine parvovirus infection and euthansia in Australia from Preventative Veterinary Medicine, January 2020: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587719304830

A link to_ Frequently asked questions about SNAP Parvo Test_: https://www.idexx.com/files/snap-parvo-test-faqs.pdf

The episode of the Hidden Brain podcast about memory that is referenced in this episode is: Did That Really Happen? How Our Memories Betray Us, which was released on December 16, 2019: https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/788422090/did-that-really-happen-how-our-memories-betray-us

Episode 5: Super Unnecessary Jul 01, 2020

We’ve been presented with a very sick puppy and an unexpected test result. Lauren and JJ are on the case!
The ladies review differentials for gastroenteritis in puppies and discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of canine parvo virus.
Sources for this episode include:

Greene, C.E. and Decaro, N. “Canine Viral Enteritis.” Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 4th Edition. Elsevier 2012, pp. 67-75.
Goddard, A., Leisewitz, A. L., Christopher, M. M., Duncan, N. M., and Becker, P. J. “Prognostic usefulness of blood leukocyte changes in canine parvoviral enteritis.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Mar-Apr 2008. Volume 22, pp. 309-316.
Rothrock, K. and Shell, L.G. “Canine Parvovirus Infection.” Vincyclopedia of Diseases. Veterinary Information Network: www.vin.com.
Sullivan, L. A. “Canine Parvovirus.” 2016. Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Spring Symposium Proceedings.
“Frequently asked questions about SNAP parvo text.” Idexx: https://www.idexx.com/files/snap-parvo-test-faqs.pdf
Schultz, R. D., Larson, L. J., and Lorentzen, L. P. “Effects of modified live canine parvovirus vaccine on the SNAP ELISA antigen assay.” 2008. International Veterinary Emergency Critical Symposium Proceedings.
Mohr, A. J., Leisewitz, A. L., Jacobson, L. S., Steiner, J. M., Ruaux, C. G., Williams, D. A. “Effect of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, intestinal protein loss, and outcome in dogs with severe parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2003. Volume 17, pp. 791-798.

Snackisode 4: Vets 4 Vets Jun 24, 2020

On today's snackisode Lauren and JJ talk with Dr. Bree Montana about the Vets4Vets program and how it can be beneficial for veterinarians. Vets4Vets is a free program that offers a variety of mental health services and mentorships. The benefits provided by this program can be life saving. If you or anyone you know needs help, please don't hesitate to contact these wonderful people.
Veterinarians
Email: vets4vets@vinfoundation.org
Phone: (530) 794-8094
Veterinary Support Staff
Email: support4support@vinfoundation.org
For more information, visit the program’s website at https://vinfoundation.org/resources/vets4vets/.

Special Guest: Bree Montana.

Episode 4: Anxiety Castle Jun 17, 2020

Get ready for real talk! Lauren and JJ chat with therapist Dana Hampson about the pressures veterinary professionals face, the importance of creating boundaries, and how to say “no.”
Dana Hampson is a Licensed Professional Counselor and owner of The Balanced Life, LLC in Madison, AL. http://www.thebalancedlifellc.com/
The book mentioned in this episode is “Not Nice” by Aziz Gazipura: https://www.notnicebook.com/

Special Guest: Dana Hampson.

Snackisode 3: Noodly Appendages Jun 10, 2020

In this snack-sized companion episode, JJ shares the story of her diabetic kitty Raven, and the ladies discuss referrals, phone-a-friend options, and a whopper of a crazy client story. Later, Lauren and JJ reminisce about practical jokes in the veterinary hospital and discuss the finer points of selecting the perfect realistic faux insects for pranks.

Episode 3: The Nifflers(TM) of Disease Jun 03, 2020

In this episode, Lauren and JJ work through a case involving a kitty that was too sweet for its own good. After taking some bets on what would be causing the symptoms, they reach a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The episode features a deep dive into management of feline diabetes mellitus, including medication, diet, and monitoring.

Sources for this episode include:

Rand, J. 2017. ‘Feline Diabetes - Maximizing Diabetic Remission.’ World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress proceedings.
Rand, J. 2019. ‘Feline Diabetic Remission: Should it be the Goal?’ American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Forum proceedings.
Behrend, E., Holford, A., Lathan, P., Rucinsky, R., Schulman, R. 2018. ‘2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats.’ American Animal Hospital Association website: https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/diabetes-management/diabetes-management-home/
Rothrock, K. 2012. ‘Feline Diabetes Mellitus.’ Vincyclopedia of Diseases. Veterinary Information Network: www.vin.com
Reusch, C. ‘Feline Diabetes Mellitus.’ Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 7th ed. St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier. 2010 pp. 1796-1816.
Alt, N., Kley, S., Haessig, M., Reusch, C. ‘Day-to-day Variability of Blood Glucose Concentration Curves Generated at Home in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus.’ Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA), April 2007.

And for our non-veterinary listeners, here is an article from Texas A&M about cats hiding illness: https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/pet-talk/when-is-your-cat-hiding-illness-or-injury/

Snackisode 2: Anal Crackers May 26, 2020

A snack-sized companion piece for our pre-anesthetic labwork episode! Lauren and JJ share some comments from a veterinary anesthesiologist, discuss the importance of supportive care during anesthesia, and retell a super gross (you were warned) story from the annals of Craigslist, original author unknown. The ladies also discuss a listener question about “mandatory” socialization after work hours.

Some books and media referenced in this episode include the Hidden Brain podcast’s 2017 episode Radio Replay: Life, Interrupted and Atul Gawande’s 2009 book The Checklist Manifesto.

Episode 2: Human Lyre May 26, 2020

In this case, a cat, who just happens to be a French sir, visits the hospital for routine lab work prior to a dental cleaning. He finds himself diagnosed with a condition that could have gone unnoticed had pre-anesthetic lab work not been performed. Lauren and JJ discuss specific types of lab work and what the results mean to veterinary professionals, as well as the surprising controversy of whether lab work should be done at all. Seriously???
The ladies also discuss the importance of checklists as presented in Atul Gawande’s 2009 book The Checklist Manifesto.

Snackisode 1: Stay Away from Storm Drains May 26, 2020

In this companion piece for Episode 1, Lauren and JJ provide updates on dog-o-grams and treating whipworms in parvo puppies. They also discuss the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dog parks in the US, options for dog poo management, and classy Halloween decor.
Sources for this episode include:

Duncan, Kathryn. “Dog Parks: Where pets, people and parasites collide.” aaha.org. American Animal Hospital Association, May 2, 2020. https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2020-05/dog-parks-where-pets-people-and-parasites-collide/
Madson, Cathy. “Fast Fecal Facts and Stool Sample Steps.” preventativevet.com. Preventative Vet, April 9th, 2019.

Episode 1: Trash Bag Full of Poo May 26, 2020

Lauren and JJ discuss a dog presenting with weight loss. Is the answer in the trash bag full of poo? In this episode, the ladies discuss differentials for weight loss in a senior mixed breed dog and eventually arrive at a diagnosis of whipworms. There’s a deep dive into all things Trichuris vulpis, including types of fecal parasite testing, the whipworm life cycle, and treatment options. The ladies also reminisce about 1996, debate the taste of various dewormers, and share an embarrassing story or two.

Sources for this episode include:

“Trichuris Vulpis.” capcvet.org. Companion Animal Parasite Council, October 1, 2016. https://capcvet.org/guidelines/trichuris-vulpis/
Rothrock, Kari and Linda G. Shell. “Vincyclopedia of Diseases: Trichuriasis/Whipworms.” vin.com. Veterinary Information Network, September 5, 2019.
Vincent-Johnson, Nancy. “Contamination with Toxocara spp from Dog Walking.” cliniciansbrief.com. Clinician’s Brief, April 2019. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/contamination-toxocara-spp-dog-walking

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