The Immunology Podcast

**Ep. 93: “Cancer Immune Regulation” Featuring Dr. Rahul Roychoudhuri** Nov 19, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Rahul Roychoudhuri is a Professor of Cancer Immunology at the University of Cambridge (Department of Pathology) and Director (Non-Clinical) of the CRUK Cambridge Centre Training Programme. His lab studies immunoregulatory mechanisms in inflammation and cancer. He talks about enhancing cell therapy with new payloads and targeting cancer cells during metastasis.

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IMMUNOLOGY2025 is happening May 3-7 in Honolulu, Hawaii!

The 19th International Congress of Immunology is being held August 17-22 in Vienna, Austria!

The Immunology Science Round Up

Colonizing the Human Microbiome – Researchers identified a phylogenetically distinct group of microbiome-associated, viroid-like RNAs.

Immune Privilege of the Central Nervous System – Regulatory self-peptides bind to MCH II molecules at the central nervous system border.

Heart Attacks and Sleep – Monocytes are recruited to the brain after myocardial infarction to augment sleep and promote healing.

The Circadian Rhythm in Immune Homeostasis – IL-17-producing γδ T cells rely on the molecular clock to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Rahul Roychoudhuri*

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add guest name — **Ep. 92: “Cell Death and Immunity” Featuring Dr. Pascal Meier** Nov 05, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Pascal Meier is a Professor and Group Leader at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, England. His group investigates the complex relationship between cell death, immunity, and tumorigenesis. Particularly, they are focused on the role of cell death and inflammation in adaptation to tissue stress, treatment resistance, and tumour surveillance.

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IMMUNOLOGY2025 is taking place May 3-7 in Honolulu. Submit your abstract now!

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The Immunology Science Round Up:

New Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy – Researchers have identified a new type of immune cell called stem-like CD4 T cells that play an important role in anti-tumor immunity.

An Improved Treg Therapy – Human OX40 ligand-specific CAR-Tregs may be a potent cellular therapy to control allo- and autoimmune diseases.

Chronic Inflammation Worsens Heart Failure – Blocking the molecular signals between inflammation-causing immune cells and fibroblasts can prevent fibrosis.

Programmable Bacteria – Scientists have engineered a strain of bacteria to express cytokine IFN-γ within the tumor core.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Pascal Meier*

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**Ep. 92: “Cell Death and Immunity” Featuring Dr. Pascal Meier** Nov 05, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Pascal Meier is a Professor and Group Leader at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, England. His group investigates the complex relationship between cell death, immunity, and tumorigenesis. Particularly, they are focused on the role of cell death and inflammation in adaptation to tissue stress, treatment resistance, and tumour surveillance.

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IMMUNOLOGY2025 is taking place May 3-7 in Honolulu. Submit your abstract now!

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The Immunology Science Round Up:

New Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy – Researchers have identified a new type of immune cell called stem-like CD4 T cells that play an important role in anti-tumor immunity.

An Improved Treg Therapy – Human OX40 ligand-specific CAR-Tregs may be a potent cellular therapy to control allo- and autoimmune diseases.

Chronic Inflammation Worsens Heart Failure – Blocking the molecular signals between inflammation-causing immune cells and fibroblasts can prevent fibrosis.

Programmable Bacteria – Scientists have engineered a strain of bacteria to express cytokine IFN-γ within the tumor core.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Pascal Meier*

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**Ep. 91: “Immune Regulation and Inflammation” Featuring Dr. Marcelo Hill** Oct 29, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Marcelo Hill is the Head of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation at the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. He is also the Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of ARDAN ImmunoPharma. His research focuses on immune regulation in cancer, and how T cells respond to immunotherapy in melanoma. He talks about improving immunotherapy efficacy by activating the inflammasome, and how he is pushing this research towards the clinic by collaborating with industry and creating a spin-off company.

He is then joined by Drs. Marion Brunck and María Julia Lamberti, who discuss the upcoming meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Association of Immunology, taking place November 4-8 in Buenos Aires. They discuss the challenges and opportunities in the Latin American immunology community, and how this conference aims to promote collaborations and empower early-career researchers.

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IMMUNOLOGY2025 is taking place May 3-7 in Honolulu. Submit your abstract now!

The 19^th International Congress of Immunology will be held in Vienna from August 17-22, 2025.

The Immunology Round Up

*Staphylococcus aureus* Biofilm – Scientists studied tissue microenvironments in models of *S. aureus* craniotomy and prosthetic joint infections.

T Helper Cell Differentiation – Researchers found that RAMP3 has a cell-intrinsic role in T_H1 cell fate determination.

Probiotic Immunotherapy – Researchers used *E. coli* to deliver neoepitopes that drive T cell-mediated anticancer immunity.

Microglia in Alzheimer’s Pathology – APOE internalization is regulated by cholesterol metabolism in microglia.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Marcelo Hill*

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**Ep. 90: “Explaining Immunology” Featuring Drs. JoAnne Flynn and Stephen Hedrick** Oct 22, 2024

Guests:

Dr. JoAnne Flynn is a Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the University of Pittsburgh and Dr. Stephen Hedrick is Chancellor’s Associates Chair VII Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of California, San Diego. They talk about the American Association of Immunologists’ Immunology Explained campaign, which aims to explain the science of the immune system to the general public. They also discuss their efforts to educate legislators about the value of immunology research and promote childhood vaccination.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Postnatal T Cell Development – Spatial multiomics show sex differences in early postnatal T cell development.

Organ-Specific Tissue Residency – Retinoic acid is a fundamental component of the host-environment interaction that directs immunosurveillance in tissues.

A Pan-Sarbecovirus Antibody – Scientists identified an antibody that competes with ACE2 and neutralizes several SARS-CoV-2 variants.

NK Cells in RSV – An altered NK cell immunophenotype is associated with severe RSV disease in young children.

*Images courtesy of Drs. JoAnne Flynn and Stephen Hedrick*

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**Ep. 89: “Host-Microbiota Interactions” Featuring Dr. Theresa Alenghat** Oct 08, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Theresa Alenghat is a Professor in the Immunobiology Division and the Margaret K. Hostetter Chair at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati. Her lab investigates mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota relationship, and how this regulation affects intestinal immunity and inflammatory bowel disease. She discusses how butyrate affects tuft cells in the intestine.

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The Immunology Round Up

Ancient Cheese – Researchers retrieved DNA from ancient kefir cheese to study how human-microbial interactions contribute to the adaptation of domesticated lactobacilli.

Mitochondrial Movement – Mitochondrial transfer augments CD8⁺ T cell mitochondria mass and metabolic fitness.

CAR T Atlas – Scientists generated a single-cell atlas of pre-infusion CAR T cells and found that elevated type 2 functionality is associated with remission of leukemia.

NAD⁺ Reconstitution – A unique immune evasion strategy allows viruses to rebuild molecules depleted by the host’s defense system.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Theresa Alenghat*

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**Ep. 89: “Host-Microbiota Interactions” Featuring Dr. Theresa Alenghat** Oct 08, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Theresa Alenghat is a Professor in the Immunobiology Division and the Margaret K. Hostetter Chair at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati. Her lab investigates mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota relationship, and how this regulation affects intestinal immunity and inflammatory bowel disease. She discusses how butyrate affects tuft cells in the intestine.

Featured Products and Resources:

Submit your abstract for IMMUNOLOGY2025!

Add Intestinal Organoids to Your Research with IntestiCult.

The Immunology Round Up

Ancient Cheese – Researchers retrieved DNA from ancient kefir cheese to study how human-microbial interactions contribute to the adaptation of domesticated lactobacilli.

Mitochondrial Movement – Mitochondrial transfer augments CD8⁺ T cell mitochondria mass and metabolic fitness.

CAR T Atlas – Scientists generated a single-cell atlas of pre-infusion CAR T cells and found that elevated type 2 functionality is associated with remission of leukemia.

NAD⁺ Reconstitution – A unique immune evasion strategy allows viruses to rebuild molecules depleted by the host’s defense system.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Theresa Alenghat*

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**Ep. 88: “Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases” Featuring Dr. Roslyn Kemp** Sep 24, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Roslyn Kemp is a Professor of Immunology at the University of Otago. Her research focuses on T cells as mediators of anti-tumor immunity and inflammation. She discusses using organoids to model inflammatory bowel disease and collecting immune cell signatures in cancer. She also talks about writing a book to demystify science research and careers.

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Abstract submission for IMMUNOLOGY2025 opens on October 1. Register now!

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Extending Responses after HIV Treatment – IL-10 and PD-1 blockade controlled viral rebound of SIV in rhesus macaques during analytical treatment interruption.

Autoreactive T Cells in Lupus – Neoself-antigen presentation by MHC-II plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Bison Bile Salt Hydrolase – Researchers determined the molecular structure of a bile salt hydrolase from the bison microbiome.

How Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy Affects Immunity – Testosterone in trans men alters a cross-regulation axis involving IFN-I and TNF.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Roslyn Kemp*

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**Ep. 87: “Applications of Immunology” Featuring Dr. Wayne Juang** Sep 10, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Wayne Juang is a Field Application Scientist, Immunology at STEMCELL Technologies. In his current role, he works with researchers to help optimize and troubleshoot their experiments. He discusses his path to industry and his motivation to pursue an MBA.

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Register now for IMMUNOLOGY2025, the world’s leading annual all-immunology meeting!

Explore scientific resources for your immunology research at the STEMCELL Technologies immunology learning center.

The Immunology Round Up

TNF Mutations and Tuberculosis – Two relatives who lack working copies of the *TNF* gene experienced recurrent bouts of tuberculosis, but are unaffected by other pathogens.

Fibrin and Clotting in COVID-19 – Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Salt in Tumors – Sodium chloride in enhances the activation state and effector functions of human CD8⁺ T cells.

Fatal Respiratory Infections – Researchers identified oleoyl-ACP hydrolase as an early driver of several severe respiratory diseases.

*Image courtesy of STEMCELL Technologies*

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**Ep. 87: “Applications of Immunology” Featuring Dr. Wayne Juang** Sep 10, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Wayne Juang is a Field Application Scientist, Immunology at STEMCELL Technologies. In his current role, he works with researchers to help optimize and troubleshoot their experiments. He discusses his path to industry and his motivation to pursue an MBA.

Featured Products and Resources:

Register now for IMMUNOLOGY2025, the world’s leading annual all-immunology meeting!

Explore scientific resources for your immunology research at the STEMCELL Technologies immunology learning center.

The Immunology Round Up

TNF Mutations and Tuberculosis – Two relatives who lack working copies of the *TNF* gene experienced recurrent bouts of tuberculosis, but are unaffected by other pathogens.

Fibrin and Clotting in COVID-19 – Fibrin drives inflammation and neuropathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Salt in Tumors – Sodium chloride in enhances the activation state and effector functions of human CD8⁺ T cells.

Fatal Respiratory Infections – Researchers identified oleoyl-ACP hydrolase as an early driver of several severe respiratory diseases.

*Image courtesy of STEMCELL Technologies*

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**Ep. 86: “Myeloid Cells” Featuring Dr. Kipp Weiskopf** Aug 27, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Kipp Weiskopf is a Valhalla Fellow at the Whitehead Institute. His research focuses on unlocking the therapeutic potential of macrophages for the benefit of cancer patients. He talks about the role of macrophages in the tumor environment and how targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis can induce phagocytosis of cancer cells. He also discusses starting spin-off companies to advance cancer therapies.

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The Immunology Round Up

Organoids with an Immune Compartment – Researchers generated human intestinal immuno-organoids to investigate intestinal inflammation triggered by cancer-targeting biologics in patients.

Gene Repression in Tregs – The transcription factor Ikaros binds to Foxp3 to inhibit the expression of target genes in Tregs.

γδ T-Cell Antigen Receptor Structure – Scientists used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of of the T-cell receptor found on the surface of γδ T cells.

Autoimmune Organ Damage – Tissue-resident NKp46⁺ innate lymphoid cells are crucial signal amplifiers of disease-associated macrophage expansion and epithelial cell injury in lupus nephritis.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Kipp Weiskopf*

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**Ep. 86: “Myeloid Cells” Featuring Dr. Kipp Weiskopf** Aug 27, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Kipp Weiskopf is a Valhalla Fellow at the Whitehead Institute. His research focuses on unlocking the therapeutic potential of macrophages for the benefit of cancer patients. He talks about the role of macrophages in the tumor environment and how targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis can induce phagocytosis of cancer cells. He also discusses starting spin-off companies to advance cancer therapies.

Featured Products and Resources:

Request your free copy of the ‘Human Immune Cytokines’ Wallchart

The STEMdiff Monocyte Kit generates millions of monocytes ready for downstream assays or further development into macrophages or dendritic cells.

The Immunology Round Up

Organoids with an Immune Compartment – Researchers generated human intestinal immuno-organoids to investigate intestinal inflammation triggered by cancer-targeting biologics in patients.

Gene Repression in Tregs – The transcription factor Ikaros binds to Foxp3 to inhibit the expression of target genes in Tregs.

γδ T-Cell Antigen Receptor Structure – Scientists used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of of the T-cell receptor found on the surface of γδ T cells.

Autoimmune Organ Damage – Tissue-resident NKp46⁺ innate lymphoid cells are crucial signal amplifiers of disease-associated macrophage expansion and epithelial cell injury in lupus nephritis.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Kipp Weiskopf*

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**Ep. 85: “Reproductive Immunology” Featuring Dr. Adrian Erlebacher** Aug 13, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Adrian Erlebacher is a Professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His lab studies how the developmental properties of a tissue influence its ability to mount a successful immune response. He talks about immune tolerance in pregnancy and how the maternal–fetal interface affects pregnancy outcomes.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Immune Cells in the Skull – The glioblastoma-linked immune-cell niche in the human skull provides an unanticipated resource and concept of acute tumor reactivity in the proximal bone marrow.

Nasal Vaccine Reactions – Nasal vaccination induces B cell expansion in the subepithelial dome of nasal-associated lymphoid tissues.

Airway Microbiota Across the Lifespan – Lifestyle factors are related to oral microbiota and environment is related to nasopharyngeal microbiota.

Tregs in the Gut – Researchers used a chemogenetic screen to reveal functional neuroimmune interactions in the gut.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Adrian Erlebacher*

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**Ep. 84: “T Cells in Inflammation and Cancer” Featuring Dr. Jeffrey Rathmell** Jul 30, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Jeffrey Rathmell is the Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Immunobiology at the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology. His research focuses on T cell metabolism in cancer. He talks about what T cells use for fuel and his work on fatty acid synthesis. He also discusses the ‘obesity paradox’ in cancer immunotherapy and his favorite parts of being a scientist and professor.

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The Immunology Podcast has been nominated for a People’s Choice Podcast Award!

Differentiate human monocytes into macrophages with STEMCELL’s ImmunoCult-XF Macrophage Medium.

The Immunology Round Up

A Humanized Mouse Model – A new humanized mouse mounts specific and mature antibody and autoantibody responses.

IL-11 Signaling in Aging – Inhibiting IL-11 extends the healthspan and lifespan of mice.

Sphinganine Synthesis in Macrophages – Sphinganine biosynthesis is a checkpoint for macrophage pattern recognition in mouse models of sepsis and melanoma.

Brain-Muscle Signaling – Researchers identified a brain-to-muscle signaling axis in *Drosophila* that regulates muscle performance.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jeffrey Rathmell*

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**Ep. 83: “Biomolecular Sensors” Featuring Dr. Shana Kelley** Jul 16, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Shana Kelley is the President of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago and the Neena B. Schwartz Professor of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University. The Kelley research group works in a variety of areas spanning bio analytical technology development and has pioneered new methods for tracking molecular and cellular analytes with unprecedented sensitivity. She talks about developing DNA-based reagentless biosensors and commercializing new technologies.

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The Immunology Podcast has been nominated for a People’s Choice Podcast Award!

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Tuberculosis Target Structure – Cryogenic electron microscopy structures of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ATP synthase sheds light on drug binding.

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling – Researchers engineered macrophages to delineate TLR pathway activities.

Onco-Fetal Immune Tolerance – Scientists cross-analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from human cancer types and the maternal-fetal interface to identify an onco-fetal immune tolerance checkpoint.

Tau Immunotherapy – Scientists loaded tau antibodies into micelles and administered them intranasally in mice.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Shana Kelley*

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**Ep. 82: “Immunological Memory” Featuring Dr. Susan Kaech** Jul 02, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Susan Kaech is a Professor and Director of the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis at the Salk Institute. Her lab aims to understand how memory T cells are produced during infection and vaccination, how they function, and why they can fail to induce long-term immunity, particularly during chronic disease or cancer. In this episode, she talks about her research on T cell exhaustion and neuroimmunology, as well as her path from genetics to immunology.

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The Immunology Round Up

Glycan Breakdown and Bacterial Function – Researchers used a large-scale screen to identify enzyme systems that represent an underappreciated mode of glycan degradation.

Cancer Risk after CAR T Therapy – Only a small percentage of patients who receive CAR T therapies develop secondary cancers, and most are not directly linked to CAR T treatment.

CD8⁺ T Cells in Hepatitis B – Hepatocellular priming induces key co-signaling receptors in dysfunctional CD8⁺ T cells.

T Cell Aging – T cell epigenetic clocks measure replicative history and can continue to accumulate well-beyond organismal lifespan.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Susan Kaech*

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**Ep. 81: “Respiratory Immunology” Featuring Dr. Priya Devarajan** Jun 18, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Priya Devarajan is an Assistant Professor at Stony Brook University. Her work focuses on immune memory and respiratory immunology. She talks about how aging affects the immune system and strategies to promote immune responses in the nose and lungs. She also discusses improving influenza vaccine responses and her experience interviewing for faculty positions.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

γδ T Cells Across the Life Span – Antigenic exposures over childhood drive the functional evolution and tissue compartmentalization of γδ T cells.

Glucose Restriction and Viral Response – Glucose restriction is a physiological mechanism to bring the body into a heightened state of responsiveness to viral pathogens.

A Gene Desert Implicated in Autoimmunity – Researchers used functional genomics to identify a central regulator of human inflammatory macrophages.

Stripy T Cells – Some T cells within a population have nuclear envelope invaginations that concentrate cellular organelles.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Priya Devarajan*

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**Ep. 80: “Engineered Biomaterials” Featuring Dr. Erika Moore** Jun 11, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Erika Moore is an Assistant Professor in the Fischell Department of Bioengineering at the University of Maryland, where her lab is committed to engineering biomaterial models that harness the regenerative potential of the immune system. She talks about building biomaterials, rejuvenating macrophages, and treating lupus. She also discusses using the right cells in research and promoting financial literacy to make science careers more accessible.

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Explore scientific resources for your immunology research.

Differentiate human monocytes into macrophages with ImmunoCult-SF Macrophage Medium.

The Immunology Science Round Up

Heart Failure – Bone marrow can carry an innate immune memory of cardiac stress that may exacerbate heart failure.

Epstein Barr and B Cells – Virus-orchestrated NAD biosynthesis is a druggable metabolic vulnerability of Epstein Barr virus-driven B cell transformations.

Microbiome Modulation in Pregnancy – Bacterial conversion of corticoids into progestins may affect host physiology, particularly in the context of pregnancy.

The Circadian Rhythm and Tumor Immunosuppression – Circadian gating of tumor immunosuppression informs the timing and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Erika Moore*

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**Ep. 79: “ILC2s, the Microbiome, and Fibroblasts” Featuring Dr. Kellen Cavagnero** Jun 04, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Kellen Cavagnero is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, San Diego. His PhD work focused on how fibroblasts — a cell type thought to be immunologically inert — contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions and defense against pathogens. He talks about staph infections, antimicrobial resistance, and the types and roles of fibroblasts. He also discusses his work in science communication, including his podcast, Inflammatory Content.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Malaria Immunity – Scientists leveraged a human malaria infection study to investigate functional correlates of immunity.

CAR T Therapy for HIV – Anti-HIV-1 CAR-T cells armed with endogenic broadly neutralizing antibodies resulted in significant suppression of viral rebound in HIV patients.

Immunogenic Cell Death – Researchers generated a small-molecule proteolysis-targeting chimera that selectively degraded human and murine RIPK1.

Origins of Autoimmunity – NUDCD3 is required for healthy T and B cell development in humans.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Kellen Cavagnero*

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: On the Ground** May 28, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, in Chicago. We spoke with delegates about their research and impressions of the meeting, including their reasons for attending and the most memorable research presented.

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**Ep. 78: “Artificial Intelligence and Immunology” Featuring Drs. Jo Viney and Ryan Peckner** May 21, 2024

Guests:

Dr. Jo Viney is the CEO, President, & Co-Founder and Dr. Ryan Peckner is the Director of Machine Learning & Computational Biology at Seismic Therapeutic. In this special episode recorded in front of a live audience at IMMUNOLOGY2024 in Chicago, they discuss artificial intelligence and its applications in drug discovery and protein engineering. They talk about its limitations, its role in clinical trials, and how scientists can leverage these tools to advance their careers.

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Catch up on daily summaries of IMMUNOLOGY2024 sessions.

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*Images courtesy of Drs. Jo Viney and Ryan Peckner*

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Day 5** May 08, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Chicago, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the final of five special episodes from the meeting, where Brenda and Jason talk about sessions including the dysfunction of exhaustive T cells enforced by MCT11-mediated lactate metabolism and extrafollicular differentiated B cells, presented by former podcast guest Dr. Frances Lund.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Day 4** May 07, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Chicago, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the fourth of five special episodes from the meeting, where Brenda and Jason highlight discussions on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, chaired by former podcast guest Dr. Kristin Anderson, as well as fueling T cell fate decision during infection with an initial focus on immunometabolism.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Day 3** May 06, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Chicago, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the third of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason spotlight discussions on cellular responses of microbial and parasitic infection and the immunology of pregnancy with a focus on glycan regulation of fetomaternal tolerance.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Day 2** May 05, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Chicago, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the second of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason discuss highlights from sessions including microbial and environmental influences on the gut and recent breakthroughs in emerging therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Day 1** May 04, 2024

In May 2024, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2024, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Chicago, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the first of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Jason and Brenda highlight sessions on innate and innate-like cells and transplant immunology. Discussions include the role of hypothermia in protecting ventilator-induced lung damage and Siglec-E knockout in transplant rejection.

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**Ep. 77: “Computational and Translational Immunology” Featuring Dr. Caleb Lareau** Apr 23, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Caleb Lareau is an Assistant Professor at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. His lab aims to understand how cells in our bodies adapt, expand, and evolve during the course of our lives, particularly in the immune system. He talks about cross-training in bioinformatics and immunology, and herpesvirus reactivation in CAR T cells.

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Check out the program for IMMUNOLOGY2024, happening May 3-7 in Chicago!

Attend a live show on artificial intelligence in immunology.

The Immunology Round Up

Blocking Lung Injury in Influenza – Scientists developed an inhibitor to block necroptosis in severe influenza infections.

Germinal Center Memory B Cells – IL-4 signaling can regulate memory B cell selection.

Intestinal Barrier Defence – Citrobacter rodentium targets a subset of absorptive intestinal epithelial cells in the mid–distal colon, which stimulate T cells to produce sustained IL-22 signals to mitigate further spread of the pathogen.

Fast-Acting Glucocorticoids – The anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids involve reprogramming of the mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caleb Lareau*

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**Ep. 77: “Computational and Translational Immunology” Featuring Dr. Caleb Lareau** Apr 23, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Caleb Lareau is an Assistant Professor at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. His lab aims to understand how cells in our bodies adapt, expand, and evolve during the course of our lives, particularly in the immune system. He talks about cross-training in bioinformatics and immunology, and herpesvirus reactivation in CAR T cells.

Featured Products and Resources:

Check out the program for IMMUNOLOGY2024, happening May 3-7 in Chicago!

Attend a live show on artificial intelligence in immunology.

The Immunology Round Up

Blocking Lung Injury in Influenza – Scientists developed an inhibitor to block necroptosis in severe influenza infections.

Germinal Center Memory B Cells – IL-4 signaling can regulate memory B cell selection.

Intestinal Barrier Defence – Citrobacter rodentium targets a subset of absorptive intestinal epithelial cells in the mid–distal colon, which stimulate T cells to produce sustained IL-22 signals to mitigate further spread of the pathogen.

Fast-Acting Glucocorticoids – The anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids involve reprogramming of the mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caleb Lareau*

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**Ep. 76: “Innate-Like T Lymphocytes” Featuring Dr. Mitchell Kronenberg** Apr 09, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Mitchell Kronenberg is a Professor and President Emeritus at La Jolla Institute for Immunology. His lab studies how innate-like T cells adapt to different tissue environments. He talks about his work on MAIT cells and mucosal immunology, as well as his time leading the Institute.

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Check out the program for IMMUNOLOGY2024, taking place May 3-7 in Chicago!

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Immune System Regeneration – Depleting myeloid-biased HSCs in aged mice restores features of a more youthful immune system.

Gasdermin in Pyroptosis – Gasdermin D N-terminal domain palmitoylation controls gasdermin membrane localization and activation.

Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer – Scientists developed an antibody–drug conjugate that could kill TRBC1⁺ cancer cells in vitro and cure human T cell cancers in mouse models.

Hemorrhagic Fever Cell Receptors – The low density lipoprotein receptor is critical for the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to enter host cells.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Mitchell Kronenberg*

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**Ep. 75: “Autoinflammatory Diseases” Featuring Dr. Scott Canna** Mar 26, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Scott Canna is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Rheumatology), and Attending Physician, Pediatric Rheumatology and Immune Dysregulation at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. His group studies the mechanisms of immune dysregulation. He talks about auto- and hyperinflammatory diseases and the role of IL-18. He also discusses hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and adapting therapies for children.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Microbial Metabolites in Infectious Diseases – Dietary tryptophan protects against gastrointestinal infection by activating the neurotransmitter receptor dopamine receptor D2.

T Cell Tolerance – Scientists used neural networks and hybrid mice to see how the transcription factor AIRE recognizes gene promoters.

Microbes in Immunotherapy – *Lactobacillus johnsonii* promotes the production of indole-3-propionic acid, which improves immune checkpoint blockade responsiveness.

Alzheimer’s Disease Microglia – Research suggests a link between genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and microglial lipid droplet accumulation.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Scott Canna*

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**Ep. 74: “Dengue Pathogenesis” Featuring Dr. Neelika Malavige** Mar 12, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Neelika Malavige is the Head of Dengue Global Program and Scientific Affairs at the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative and a Professor in the Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Her research focuses on dengue: its pathogenesis, vascular leak, immune correlates of protection, and biomarkers. She talks about the disease burden of dengue and her investigations into risk factors for severe disease. She also discusses her research on COVID-19 vaccines and the role of the microbiome in colon cancer, as well as how she’s working to grow research capabilities in Sri Lanka.

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The Immunology Round Up

SOX17 in Colorectal Cancer – Scientists used AKP organoids to demonstrate that SOX17 orchestrates immune evasion in the early steps of colon cancer.

Tregs in Tumor Immunity – Lactate uptake by Treg cells contributes to the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade.

Astrocytes in Autoimmunity – Researchers identified astrocyte-derived heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor as a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis.

αβ T Cell Development – By studying patients with pre-TCRα deficiency, scientists found that pre-TCRα may not be absolutely required for αβ T cell development in humans.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Neelika Malavige*

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**Ep. 73: “T Cell Receptors” Featuring Dr. James Allison** Feb 27, 2024

Guest:

Dr. James Allison is the Regental Professor and Chair of the Department of Immunology, Olga Keith Wiess Distinguished University Chair for Cancer Research, Director of the Parker Institute for Cancer Research, Executive Director of the Immunotherapy Platform, and Director of the James P. Allison Institute at MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Dr. Allison has spent a distinguished career studying the regulation of T cell responses and developing strategies for cancer immunotherapy. He earned the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with Dr. Tasuku Honjo, “for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation.” His current work seeks to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapies currently used by clinicians and identify new targets to unleash the immune system in order to eradicate cancer. He talks about the hunt for the T cell receptor and working to bring CTLA-4 blockade into the clinic. He also discusses what’s next for immunotherapy, including future investigations into myeloid cells, and playing the harmonica in a band.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Overcoming Antibacterial Resistance – A new antibiotic targets multi-drug-resistant bacteria by binding to ribosomes.

Tregs in Visceral Adipose Tissue – Visceral adipose tissue harbors two distinct Treg cell populations: one enriched in males and one enriched in females.

How IL-23 Fuels Tumor Growt h – A subset of Tregs are responsible for the tumor-promoting effect of IL-23.

Smoking and the Immune System – Smoking affects adaptive immune responses for years after quitting.

*Image courtesy of Dr. James Allison*

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**Ep. 72: “IMMUNOLOGY2024™: Innovations in Immunology” Featuring Dr. Akiko Iwasaki, Francisco Gomez-Rivera, and Dr. Jason Augustine** Feb 13, 2024

Guests:

Dr. Akiko Iwasaki is the Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at Yale University and President of the American Association of Immunologists. Francisco Gomez-Rivera is an Immunology Program Graduate Student Candidate at the University of Michigan, and Dr. Jason (Swinburne) Augustine is a retired Research Microbiologist/Immunologist at the US Environmental Protection Agency. They talk about the upcoming IMMUNOLOGY2024 meeting in Chicago, Illinois from May 3-7, 2024. They discuss key sessions to attend, what they’re looking forward to at the meeting, and advice for attendees.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Bacteria in Gastric Cancer – *Streptococcus anginosus* promotes gastric tumorigenesis via direct interactions with gastric epithelial cells.

CAR T Cells for Aging – Senolytic CAR T cells safely eliminate senescent cells in young animals.

Microbiota and Tuft Cell Biology – Microbiota calibrate type 2 immunity in the intestine by controlling tuft cell differentiation.

Sex Differences in Autoimmunity – Autoantibodies to the Xist ribonucleoprotein characterize female-biased autoimmune diseases.

*Images courtesy of Dr. Akiko Iwasaki, Robert Lisak, Francisco Gomez-Rivera, and Dr. Jason (Swinburne) Augustine*

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**Ep. 71: “The Neuroscience of HIV” Featuring Dr. Dionna Williams** Jan 30, 2024

Guest:

Dr. Dionna Williams is an Acting Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology at Emory University. Their research focuses on the effects of HIV infection on the brain. She talks about how HIV affects immune cells in the brain and how this can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms. They also discuss therapeutic approaches, factors that affect how drugs can reach the brain, and moving their lab to Atlanta.

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The Immunology Round Up

A Long Covid Blood Signature – Active Long Covid is accompanied by a blood protein signature marked by increased complement activation and thromboinflammation.

T Cells in Guillain–Barré Syndrome –Autoreactive T cells that target myelin antigens in the peripheral nerves are present in patients with the demyelinating form of Guillain–Barré syndrome.

A CAR-NK Cell Clinical Trial – Researchers identified features of donated cord blood associated with improved response to CAR-NK cell therapy for B cell malignancies.

Cas9-Packaging Enveloped Delivery Vehicles – Researchers developed an antibody-directed strategy for delivering genome engineering tools to specific cell types.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Dionna Williams*

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**Ep. 70: “Public Outreach” Featuring Drs. Akiko Iwasaki and Aimee Bernard** Jan 16, 2024

Guests:

Dr. Akiko Iwasaki is the Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at Yale University and President of the American Association of Immunologists (AAI), and Dr. Aimee Bernard is an Assistant Professor of Immunology and Microbiology at the University of Colorado. Dr. Iwasaki has a very active presence on X, where she shares about COVID-19 research. Dr. Bernard is also active on social media through her TikTok account, and co-hosts a podcast, Help! Make It Make Sense.

In this episode, they discuss the importance of communicating science to the public and strategies for social media. They also talk about how the AAI is working to share immunology knowledge with non-scientists through Immunology Explained.

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The Immunology Round Up

A New Antibiotic for Gram-Negative Bacteria – A mechanism of lipid transport inhibition has been identified for a class of peptide antibiotics effective against resistant *Acinetobacter* strains.

Treg Depletion As Cancer Treatment – Researchers examined the mechanism of Treg cell depletion failure using a mouse model of Treg cell–targeted immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy Resistance in Melanoma – Using single-cell, spatial multi-omics, scientists showed that the tumor microenvironment promotes the emergence of a complex melanoma transcriptomic landscape.

An Immune Dictionary of Cytokine Responses – Scientists created single-cell transcriptomic profiles of more than 17 immune cell types in response to each of 86 cytokines in mouse lymph nodes *in vivo*.

*Images courtesy of Robert Lisak, YSM and Dr. Aimee Bernard*

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**Ep. 69: IUIS 2023: On the Ground** Dec 19, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), in Cape Town, South Africa. We spoke with delegates about their research and impressions of the meeting, including their reasons for attending and the most memorable research presented. They discuss their experiences in South Africa, the meeting’s focus on infectious diseases and equitable science, and sessions by Nobel laureates.

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**Ep. 68: “Blood Transfusions” Featuring Dr. David Gibb** Dec 05, 2023

Guest:

Dr. David Gibb is an Assistant Professor at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. His lab investigates inflammatory mechanisms in patients with sickle cell disease and lupus, focusing on mechanisms regulating immune responses to red blood cell antigens following transfusion.

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The Immunology Round Up

Regulation of Lymphoid Cells – NOD1 functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors.

The Aging Immune System – Type 2 memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells increase with age and can produce more IL-4.

Microglia in Cancer Metastasis – Microglia play a distinct pro-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive role in breast cancer brain metastasis.

MAIT Cells in Mice and Humans – Environment influences MAIT cell development and function.

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**Ep. 68: “Blood Transfusions” Featuring Dr. David Gibb** Dec 05, 2023

Guest:

Dr. David Gibb is an Assistant Professor at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. His lab investigates inflammatory mechanisms in patients with sickle cell disease and lupus, focusing on mechanisms regulating immune responses to red blood cell antigens following transfusion.

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The Immunology Round Up

Regulation of Lymphoid Cells – NOD1 functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors.

The Aging Immune System – Type 2 memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells increase with age and can produce more IL-4.

Microglia in Cancer Metastasis – Microglia play a distinct pro-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive role in breast cancer brain metastasis.

MAIT Cells in Mice and Humans – Environment influences MAIT cell development and function.

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**IUIS 2023: Day 5** Dec 03, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies, in Cape Town, South Africa, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the conference. Here is the final of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Brenda and Jason discuss sessions on integrins and ebola vaccine trials.

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**IUIS 2023: Day 4** Dec 01, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies, in Cape Town, South Africa, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the conference. Here is the fourth of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Brenda and Jason discuss sessions on the HIV/AIDS epidemic and vaccination strategies to prepare for the next pandemic.

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**IUIS 2023: Day 3** Dec 01, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies, in Cape Town, South Africa, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the conference. Here is the third of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Brenda and Jason discuss research on T cell exhaustion in chronic infections and sex differences in immune responses.

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**IUIS 2023: Day 2** Nov 29, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies, in Cape Town, South Africa, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the conference. Here is the second of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Brenda and Jason discuss research on the microbiome, sepsis, and the aging immune system.

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**IUIS 2023: Day 1** Nov 29, 2023

In 2023, we attended the 18^th International Congress of Immunology, hosted by the International Union of Immunological Societies, in Cape Town, South Africa, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the conference. Here is the first of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Brenda and Jason discuss the opening ceremony of the congress as well as sessions on tuberculosis, γδ T cell receptors, and cancer immunotherapy.

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**Ep. 67: “Vascular and Immune Aging” Featuring Dr. Anjali Kusumbe** Nov 21, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Anjali Kusumbe is a Group Leader and Director of the Tissue Imaging Centre at Oxford University. Her lab studies vascular changes over time with the aim of treating diseases. She talks about light sheet microscopy techniques, the aging immune system, and finding lymphatic vessels in bone.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Herpesvirus in CAR T Cell Therapy – A population of ‘super-expressor’ CAR T cells can contribute to the reactivation of latent human herpesvirus 6.

Autoantibodies in NF-κB2 Deficiency – Inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway underlie the production of autoantibodies against type I interferons and predisposition to viral diseases.

A Rheumatoid Arthritis Atlas – Scientists built a single-cell atlas of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue.

Tregs After Exercise – Researchers identified Tregs as a key regulatory element that is activated in response to exercise and needed to support muscle adaptations.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Anjali Kusumbe*

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**Ep. 66: “Immune Cell Interactions” Featuring Dr. Sophia Liu** Nov 07, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Sophia Liu is a Core Faculty Member and Early Independence Fellow at the Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard. She enjoys creating new ways to measure temporally and spatially dynamic cell interactions and is particularly interested in studying T- and B-cell development. Her lab’s research focuses on immune cell interactions in tissues and dynamics across immune development and aging. She talks about the spatial mapping of T-cell receptors, what happens to the thymus during aging, and her experience starting a lab straight out of her PhD!

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A Functional Coronavirus Receptor – Scientists identified a functional receptor for a coronavirus that causes the common cold.

Counting Immune Cells in the Human Body – An average individual’s immune system consists of approximately 1.8 trillion cells.

Gut Bacteria in Type 1 Diabetes – IgG2 antibodies against three gut microbial commensals are associated with time to diagnosis and clinical response to T cell-directed therapy for type 1 diabetes prevention.

Lymph Node Immune History – Tregs can form resident memory-like populations in lymph nodes after adaptive immune responses.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Sophia Liu*

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**Ep. 65: “Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders” Featuring Dr. Siobhan Burns** Oct 24, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Siobhan Burns is a Professor of Translational Immunology at University College London. Her group studies the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that give rise to primary immunodeficiency disorders. She talks about how genetic mutations affect immune function, and what inborn errors of immunity can teach us about general immunology.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A Cryptic Antigen in Influenza – Researchers identified a nonclassical MHC epitope that directs the T cell response against influenza.

Drug-Resistant Malaria Parasites – Scientists generated atovaquone-resistant malaria parasites and showed that they fail to transmit by mosquito.

Transplanting Genetically Modified Pig Kidneys into Monkeys – Scientists showed that preclinical studies of renal xenotransplantation could be successfully conducted in nonhuman primates.

Dendritic Cells to Reduce Immunosuppression After Liver Transplant – Liver transplant recipients who receive regulatory dendritic cells may require less immunosuppressive drugs.

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**Ep. 64: “Brain Tumor Immunotherapy” Featuring Dr. Peter Fecci** Oct 10, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Peter Fecci is a Professor of Neurosurgery at Duke University and the Director of the Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis. His research focuses on brain tumor immunology and immunotherapy, and T cell dysfunction in glioblastoma and other intracranial cancers. He talks about activating T cells to target brain tumors and his team’s work on targeting MHC-I-negative tumor cells.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A Universal Flu Vaccine Candidate – A group 2 hemagglutinin universal influenza virus vaccine candidate protects mice against group 2 influenza viruses.

Regulatory T Cells in Muscle Function – Exercise induces a highly functional and stable muscle Treg phenotype.

An Antiviral Drug and SARS-CoV-2 Mutations – Scientists identified a mutational spectrum from viruses in patients treated with molnupiravir.

Microbial Exposure and Allergic Inflammation – Increased microbial biodiversity in mice does not protect against allergic inflammation, in contrast to what would be predicted by the hygiene hypothesis.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Peter Fecci*

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**Ep. 62: “T Cells in Solid Tumors” Featuring Dr. Kristin Anderson** Sep 12, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Kristin Anderson is an Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia, where her lab focuses on engineering T cells to overcome immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. She talks about how her cancer diagnosis changed her career focus, strategies for targeting ovarian cancer, and her transition from postdoc to professor.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Antibiotic Binding Site Mutations – Researchers studied the rifampicin binding site of *E. coli* RNA polymerase.

CRISPR Screens for Cancer – Scientists combined genome-wide CRISPR screens in target cancer cells to identify pathways that regulate γδ T cell killing and BTN3A cell surface expression.

Tissue-Resident T Cell Metabolism – Researchers explored the metabolic adaptations supporting differentiation, survival, and function of tissue-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells.

Towards a Universal CAR T Cell Therapy for Blood Cancers – Epitope-edited CAR T cells were effective against patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia, B cell lymphoma, and acute T cell leukemia.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Kristin Anderson*

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Pancreatic Cancer Featuring Vinod Balachandran — **Ep. 61: “Pancreatic Cancer” Featuring Dr. Vinod Balachandran** Aug 29, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Vinod Blachandran is an Attending Surgeon and Lab Head at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. He talks about neoantigen vaccines for pancreatic cancer, what can be learned from a rare group of long-term survivors, and how surgeon-scientist mentors have influenced his career.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Platelet Factors in Aging – Platelet factors transfer the benefits of young blood to the aging mouse brain.

Cellular Immunity in Influenza – Adaptive T cells protect against symptomatic influenza infection.

Interactions Between the Immune System and the Gut Microbiome – T cells in the gut repertoire recognize several bacterial strains from complex defined communities.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Lung Endothelial Cells – Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its ligands play an important part in protecting against tissue damage following viral pathogen infection in the lung.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Vinod Balachandran*

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**Ep. 60: “Immunometabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy” Featuring Dr. Greg Delgoffe** Aug 15, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Greg Delgoffe is an Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. His lab studies the intersection of metabolism and immunity in cancer. He talks about the metabolism of immune cells in cancer and the effects of nutrients in the tumor microenvironment.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Microbes in Diabetes Drug Responses – Researchers identified a microbiota-derived enzyme as a potential antidiabetic target.

STING Can Transport Protons – Scientists analyzed STING’s structure, hypothesizing that its transmembrane domain forms a pore capable of proton transport.

cGAS–STING in Neurodegeneration – The cGAS–STING signaling pathway is a critical driver of chronic inflammation and functional decline during aging.

T Cells Can Kill MHC-I Negative Tumor Cells – CD8⁺T cells maintain the capacity to kill tumor cells that are entirely devoid of MHC-I expression.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Greg Delgoffe*

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**Ep. 59: “Infectious Disease Ecology and Evolution” Featuring Dr. Daniel Streicker** Aug 01, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Daniel Streicker is a Professor of Viral Ecology at the University of Glasgow, where his lab investigates pathogen transmission between species. He talks about vampire bats as a reservoir for rabies and approaches to vaccination that could prevent transmission.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Sleep Disturbance in Cardiac Disease – Sleep disruption in cardiac disease is driven by the loss of neurons that normally project from the superior cervical ganglia into the pineal gland.

Influenza Vaccine Format and Antibody Responses – Using a human tonsil organoid model, researchers tracked the differentiation and kinetics of the adaptive immune response to influenza vaccine and virus modalities.

Multipronged T Cells – Single T cells from successful immunotherapy recognize multiple cancer types.

γδ T Cells in Solid Tumors – Tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells consist of functionally distinct subsets with tumor-promoting or -restricting functions.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Daniel Streicker*

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**Ep. 58: “Redesigning Proteins” Featuring Dr. Jamie Spangler** Jul 18, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Jamie Spangler is an Assistant Professor at Johns Hopkins. Her lab implements a unique structure-based engineering approach to elucidate the determinants of protein activity and inform drug development. She talks about designing cytokine mimetics and how engineered cytokines could be used as therapeutics.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Microenvironment Reprogramming in Cancer Progression – Researchers developed a high-resolution tumor microenvironment atlas for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Tregs and Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease – Co-transplanting Tregs with iPSC-derived neurons improves cell survival.

How Hepatitis C Hides from the Immune System – Flavin adenine dinucleotide capping of the hepatitis C virus protects RNA from RIG-I mediated innate immune recognition.

Mast Cells in Antigen-Avoidance – Mast cell activation in the stomach lining releases leukotrienes to affect food avoidance behavior.

Allergic Responses and Behavior Modification – Researchers showed that allergic sensitization drives antigen-specific avoidance behavior in mouse models of food allergy.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jamie Spangler*

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Laura Raff Ami Ashar-Patel — **Ep. 57: “Careers Away from the Bench” Featuring Drs. Laura Raff and Ami Ashar-Patel** Jul 04, 2023

Guests:

Dr. Laura Raff is Associate Director, Sales, Immunology and Dr. Ami Ashar-Patel is a Senior Account Manager, Immunology at STEMCELL Technologies. Dr. Raff has a PhD in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology from the University of Southern California and Dr. Ashar-Patel has a PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology from the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School. They talk about their career transitions from academia to industry and how they support scientists’ research endeavors in their current roles.

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Learn about career opportunities in biotechnology and hear advice for making the move to industry.

The Immunology Science Round Up

Multiplexed Screening of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors – Scientists screened 1,041 human-associated metabolites against and uncovered previously unreported endogenous, exogenous, and microbial G-protein-coupled receptor agonists.

New Oral Polio Vaccines – Genetically engineered polio vaccine candidates reduce the likelihood of Sabin strains regaining fitness and neurovirulence.

Fecal Transplants and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition – Fecal microbiota transfer from healthy donors promotes resolution of refractory immune checkpoint-inhibitor mediated colitis in patients with cancer.

Macrophages in the Nervous System – Resident macrophages of the muscularis externa refine the enteric nervous system early in life.

*Images courtesy of STEMCELL Technologies*

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**Ep. 56: “Epitopes and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Alessandro Sette** Jun 20, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Alessandro Sette is a Center Head, Division Head, and Professor at the La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology. His lab focuses on understanding the immune response, measuring immune activity, and developing disease intervention strategies against cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, and infectious diseases. He talks about bringing a biotech mindset back to academia, cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, and compiling an immune-epitope database.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Gut T Cells and Cancer Metastasis – A subset of CD8⁺ T cells from colon tumors improves control of liver tumors in a preclinical model of colorectal carcinoma.

α2-adrenergic Receptors and Immunotherapy – α2-Adrenergic receptor agonists have very strong anti-tumor activity when used as monotherapies in multiple immunocompetent tumor models.

Bacteria in Immune Checkpoint Blockade – Antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota resulted in relocation of immunosuppressive T cells from the gut to tumors.

Base Editing CAR T Cells – Researchers investigated the safety of base-edited CAR T cells in three children with relapsed leukemia.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Alessandro Sette*

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**IMMUNOLOGY2023: On the Ground** Jun 06, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, in Washington, DC. We spoke with delegates about their research and impressions of the meeting, including their reasons for attending, what they were most looking forward to, and the most memorable research presented.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2023: On the Ground** Jun 06, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists, in Washington, DC. We spoke with delegates about their research and impressions of the meeting, including their reasons for attending, what they were most looking forward to, and the most memorable research presented.

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Register for the International Union of Immunological Societies 2023 Congress in Cape Town, South Africa from November 27 to December 2.

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IP 54 Bana Jabri — **Ep. 54: “Innate and Mucosal Immunity” Featuring Dr. Bana Jabri** May 23, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Bana Jabri is the Sarah and Harold Lincoln Thompson Professor in the Department of Medicine and the Research Director of the Celiac Disease Center at the University of Chicago. Her research focuses on innate and mucosal immunity, particularly in celiac disease, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. She talks about the mechanisms of celiac disease and new treatment options. She also discusses how the microbiome can affect immune responses in cancer.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Capsules to Study the Intestinal Environment – Scientists developed an ingestible device that collects samples from multiple regions of the human intestinal tract during digestion.

T Cell Receptor Affinity – Repetitive pathogen exposure leads to the dominant outgrowth of T cell clones with high T cell receptor affinity to the relevant pathogen-associated antigens.

Gut Bacterial Evolution Between Species – Analyses of metagenome-resolved genomes from humans and primate species reveal significant co-diversification of bacterial gut symbionts.

A Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine – Researchers synthesized mRNA neoantigen vaccines in real time from surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Bana Jabri*

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**IMMUNOLOGY2023: Day 5** May 16, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the final of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason talk about sessions on mucosal immunity, emerging pathogens, and having a successful postdoctoral experience. Highlights include Dr. Isaac Chiu‘s talk on pain and mucus production in the gut, Dr. James Crowe‘s talk on monoclonal antibody discovery, and Dr. Amy Hartman’s talk on Rift Valley fever virus.

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IMMUNOLOGY2023 Day 4 — **IMMUNOLOGY2023: Day 4** May 15, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the fourth of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason talk about micelles for drug delivery and how helminth infection affects susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.

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IP AAI 2023 Day 3 — **IMMUNOLOGY2023: Day 3** May 14, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the third of five special episodes from the meeting. Highlights include Dr. Anthony Fauci’s talk on the COVID-19 pandemic response and Dr. Doug Green’s talk on T cell activation. Jason and Brenda discuss sessions on immune responses in aging and obesity, and making better cancer vaccines.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2023: Day 2** May 13, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the second of five special episodes from the meeting. Brenda and Jason discuss sessions on peripheral neuroimmune interactions and tumor cellular therapy. Highlights include the President’s Address by Dr. Mark Davis and Dr. Barbara Rehermann’s presentation on wild mouse microbiota.

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**IMMUNOLOGY2023: Day 1** May 12, 2023

In May 2023, we attended IMMUNOLOGY2023, the annual meeting of the American Association of Immunologists in Washington, DC, and recorded daily episodes discussing highlights of the previous 24 hours. Here is the first of five special episodes from the meeting, in which Jason and Brenda summarize symposia on B and T-helper cells, and metabolic and gut microbiota. They discuss antigenic imprinting, lupus immunophenotyping and sex differences, dengue vaccines, and cytomegalovirus research.

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**Ep. 53: “Immunology of Infectious Diseases” Featuring Dr. Prasanna Jagannathan** May 09, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Prasanna Jagannathan is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in Infectious Diseases and of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University. His research focuses on the mechanisms of clinical immunity to malaria. He talks about how repeated exposure to malaria can lead to tolerance without symptoms, promising vaccines and treatments to prevent reinfection, and the role of innate immune cells. He also discusses shifting from religious studies to teaching to medicine, and establishing long-term collaborations with researchers in Uganda.

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Keep current with the latest immunology of infectious diseases news.

The Immunology Science Round Up

Blocking Psoriasis Signaling with Methotrexate – Scientists identified SLC46A2 as an important target for anti-inflammatory intervention in the skin.

Tumor-Infiltrating Tregs – Researchers discovered and validated new master regulators of human tumor-infiltrating Tregs.

T_H9 Cells and Allergic Inflammation – JAK inhibitors may be effective for allergic patients with T_H9 cell expansion.

Gene Editing Primary Lymphocytes – Researchers used a CRISPR ribonucleoprotein mixed with an amphiphilic peptide to increase the yields of edited primary human lymphocytes.

Peptide-Assisted Genome Editing – Scientists demonstrated rapid and efficient editing of primary cells with low cellular toxicity and no significant transcriptional perturbation.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Prasanna Jagannathan*

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**Ep. 52: “Lymphoma Immunotherapy” Featuring Dr. Joshua Brody** Apr 25, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Joshua Brody is the Director of the Lymphoma Immunotherapy Program at the Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai. The Brody lab studies basic and applied tumor immunology for the development of cancer immunotherapies, particularly for lymphomas and melanomas. He talks about dendritic cells to improve oncolytic virus immunotherapy and in situ vaccination to improve PD-1 blockade responses.

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T Cell Therapy Research: From Bench to Bedside

The Immunology Science Round Up

Enhancing T Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Variants – A new mRNA vaccine component elicits non-spike T cell responses in mice while maintaining spike immunity.

Why Infants Are Protected from Pneumonia – Enhanced opsonophagocytosis by neonatal neutrophils improves protection against *Streptococcus pneumoniae* in early life.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Lung Cancer Immunotherapy – Researchers identified endogenous retrovirus envelope glycoproteins as a dominant antitumor antibody target in lung cancer.

Engineered Bacteria As a Melanoma Vaccine – Scientists engineered a *Staphylococcus epidermidis* strain to express melanoma tumor antigens and tested their ability to drive antitumor immune responses.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Joshua Brody*

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IP 51 Doug Green — **Ep. 51: “The Journey of Cells” Featuring Dr. Doug Green** Apr 11, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Doug Green is the Peter C. Doherty Endowed Chair of Immunology at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. His research focuses on the central mechanisms of cell death, survival, and the immune response. He talks about what happens when cell death fails, the role of Myc, and setting up collaborations in science.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Gut Bacteria and Social Avoidance – Colonic γδ T cells modulate behavioral vulnerability to chronic social stress via dectin-1 signaling.

Base Editing to Treat Severe Combined Immunodeficiency – Researchers used an adenine base editing strategy to restore CD3δ in autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

FcμR–IgM Interaction – Scientists used crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to study how FcμR recognizes different forms of IgM to regulate diverse immune responses.

Tissue-Resident Macrophage Differentiation – Researchers analyzed immune cells in the pleural cavity of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and found different responses to nematode infection.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Doug Green*

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**Ep. 50: “IUIS 2023: Where Immunologists Meet” Featuring Drs. Miriam Merad and Mark Davis** Mar 28, 2023

Guests:

Dr. Miriam Merad is the President & Scientific Programme Committee Co-Chair of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) and Dr. Mark Davis is the Scientific Programme Committee Chair. They talk about what to expect at the 2023 IUIS Congress being held November 27 – December 2 in Cape Town, South Africa. They discuss hosting the meeting in Africa, the importance of infectious disease research and international collaborations, and the highlights of this year’s program.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

PD-L1 and Myeloid Signaling – PD-L1 promotes metastatic, but not primary, tumor growth via a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-dependent mechanism.

T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 – Researchers used “spheromer” peptide MHC multimer reagents to analyze T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

ER Stress Promotes Th17 Differentiation – ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells drives gut Th17 differentiation.

How Sucralose Affects T Cells – High doses of sucralose in mice results in immunomodulatory effects by limiting T cell proliferation and T cell differentiation.deling and two melanoma patients.

*Image courtesy of Drs. Miriam Merad and Mark Davis*

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**Ep. 49: “Viruses and Aging” Featuring Dr. Clovis Palmer** Mar 14, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Clovis Palmer is an Assistant Professor at Tulane University. He talks about how HIV hijacks metabolic processes and the role of HIF-1α in HIV infection. He also discusses using non-human primates to study SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Bacterial Brain Invasion – Researchers identified a neuroimmune axis that exacerbates bacterial meningitis.

CAR T Signaling Domains – Scientists engineered a logic-gated intracellular network CAR to prevent on-target, off-tumor toxicity.

Cleaning Up After Apoptosis – Tingible body macrophages use cellular processes to search for and capture motile apoptotic cell fragments.

Autoimmunity in Down’s Syndrome – Researchers found high levels of cytokines in individuals with Down’s syndrome, which may contribute to autoimmune susceptibility.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Clovis Palmer*

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IP 48 Davis Naik Mucida_Thumbnail — **Ep. 48: “IMMUNOLOGY2023: Frontiers of Human Immunology” Featuring Drs. Mark Davis, Shruti Naik, and Daniel Mucida** Feb 28, 2023

Guests:

Dr. Mark Davis is the President of the American Association of Immunologists, and Drs. Shruti Naik and Daniel Mucida are chairing Major Symposia at the upcoming IMMUNOLOGY2023 meeting in Washington, DC, May 11-15. They discuss what to expect at IMMUNOLOGY2023 and the highlights of this year’s program.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Targeting Inflammatory Skin Diseases – Researchers identified IRAK4 as a central player in skin inflammation and demonstrate its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.

CAR T for a Rare Disease – CD19 CAR T therapy successfully treated a patient with refractory antisynthetase syndrome

T Cell Receptor Genes from Archaic Humans – A subset of T cell receptors were traced to Neanderthals in Eurasian populations.

Self-Reactive T Cell Receptors – Scientists identified a population of CD4+ T cells within the endogenous repertoire that exhibit hallmarks of overt self-reactivity.

*Image courtesy of Drs. Mark Davis, Shruti Naik, and Daniel Mucida*

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**Ep. 48: “IMMUNOLOGY2023: Frontiers of Human Immunology” Featuring Drs. Mark Davis, Shruti Naik, and Daniel Mucida** Feb 28, 2023

Guests:

Dr. Mark Davis is the President of the American Association of Immunologists, and Drs. Shruti Naik and Daniel Mucida are chairing Major Symposia at the upcoming IMMUNOLOGY2023 meeting in Washington, DC, May 11-15. They discuss what to expect at IMMUNOLOGY2023 and the highlights of this year’s program.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Targeting Inflammatory Skin Diseases – Researchers identified IRAK4 as a central player in skin inflammation and demonstrate its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.

CAR T for a Rare Disease – CD19 CAR T therapy successfully treated a patient with refractory antisynthetase syndrome

T Cell Receptor Genes from Archaic Humans – A subset of T cell receptors were traced to Neanderthals in Eurasian populations.

Self-Reactive T Cell Receptors – Scientists identified a population of CD4+ T cells within the endogenous repertoire that exhibit hallmarks of overt self-reactivity.

*Image courtesy of Drs. Mark Davis, Shruti Naik, and Daniel Mucida*

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IP 47 Hao Wu — **Ep. 47: “Structural and Mechanistic Immunology” Featuring Dr. Hao Wu** Feb 14, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Hao Wu is the Asa and Patricia Springer Professor of Structural Biology at Harvard Medical School. Her lab focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern the assembly, regulation, and therapeutic intervention of supramolecular complexes in innate immunity. She talks about cryo-electron microscopy and how her team used it to study the structures of the NLRP3 inflammasome disc, the B cell antigen receptor, and the Gasdermin D pore. She also discusses the role of AlphaFold in structural biology research.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Graft-Versus-Host Disease and the Microbiome – In graft-versus-host disease, pathogenic T cells disrupt the intestinal microbiome by altering ambient oxygen levels.

Extracellular Matrix Binding of Interferon-γ – Local interferon-γ retention protects organisms from systemic toxicity during prolonged immune stimulation.

Lipid Metabolism in T Cells – Phospholipid saturation drives effector T cell function.

Inhibiting Peanut Allergy – An inhibitor prevents antibody binding and mast cell activation in a humanized mouse model of peanut allergy.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Hao Wu*

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Caroline Sokol Allergies and the Immune System — **Ep. 46: “Allergies and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Caroline Sokol** Jan 31, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Caroline Sokol is a Principal Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Her lab studies the innate immune control of allergic disease. She talks about the role of sensory neurons and dendritic cells in allergic responses and insights into allergies from her son’s first bee sting.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Microbiome Transmission – Researchers identified microbiome transmission patterns from mother to infant and between cohabitating individuals.

Long-Lasting T Cells – By repeatedly immunizing generations of mice, scientists found that functional T cells can proliferate well beyond the lifespan of the organism.

Dietary Cholesterol and Humoral Immune Responses – Researchers revealed tissue-restricted modulation of IgA secretion by plasma cells that is centered around dietary cholesterol metabolites.

γδ T cells in Immunotherapy – γδ T cells contribute to the response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancers with HLA class I defects.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caroline Sokol*

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**Ep. 46: “Allergies and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Caroline Sokol** Jan 31, 2023

Guest:

Dr. Caroline Sokol is a Principal Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Her lab studies the innate immune control of allergic disease. She talks about the role of sensory neurons and dendritic cells in allergic responses and insights into allergies from her son’s first bee sting.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Microbiome Transmission – Researchers identified microbiome transmission patterns from mother to infant and between cohabitating individuals.

Long-Lasting T Cells – By repeatedly immunizing generations of mice, scientists found that functional T cells can proliferate well beyond the lifespan of the organism.

Dietary Cholesterol and Humoral Immune Responses – Researchers revealed tissue-restricted modulation of IgA secretion by plasma cells that is centered around dietary cholesterol metabolites.

γδ T cells in Immunotherapy – γδ T cells contribute to the response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancers with HLA class I defects.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caroline Sokol*

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Ep. 45: "The Role of Podcasting in Science" Featuring Drs. Daylon James and Arun Sharma — **Ep. 45: “The Role of Podcasting in Science” Featuring Drs. Daylon James and Arun Sharma** Jan 17, 2023

Guests:

In this special episode, Brenda and Jason chat with Drs. Daylon James and Arun Sharma, the hosts of the Stem Cell Podcast. Recorded in-person and led by Dr. Nicole Quinn from STEMCELL Technologies, the four hosts discuss the impact that podcasting has had on their careers and how it can make science and scientists more accessible. They also talk about the future of science communication and advice for young scientists pursuing careers in academia and industry.

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**Ep. 45: “The Role of Podcasting in Science” Featuring Drs. Daylon James and Arun Sharma** Jan 17, 2023

Guests:

In this special episode, Brenda and Jason chat with Drs. Daylon James and Arun Sharma, the hosts of the Stem Cell Podcast. Recorded in-person and led by Dr. Nicole Quinn from STEMCELL Technologies, the four hosts discuss the impact that podcasting has had on their careers and how it can make science and scientists more accessible. They also talk about the future of science communication and advice for young scientists pursuing careers in academia and industry.

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Ep. 44 Innate Immune System featuring Dr. Miriam Merad — **Ep. 44: “The Innate Immune System” Featuring Dr. Miriam Merad** Dec 20, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Miriam Merad is a Professor of Cancer Immunology and Director of the Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Her research focuses on dendritic cells and macrophages. She talks about tissue-resident macrophages in COVID-19 and cancer. She also discusses her new role as President of the International Union of Immunological Societies and bringing the international immunology community together at their upcoming meeting in South Africa.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation – Researchers used cryo-EM to identify the structure of the active NLRP3 inflammasome disk.

How the BCG Vaccine Induces Trained Immunity – The BCG vaccine triggers epigenetic modifications on alveolar macrophages via an intestinal microbiota-mediated pathway.

Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes – Scientists examined the mechanism of action of low-dose interleukin-2 immunotherapy and identified a long-lived gene expression signature associated with potential anti-inflammatory effects.

pH Affects Interleukin-2 Anti-Tumor Activity – Researchers identified an interleukin-2 variant that retains its binding affinity in low pH environments.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Miriam Merad*

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**Ep. 44: “The Innate Immune System” Featuring Dr. Miriam Merad** Dec 20, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Miriam Merad is a Professor of Cancer Immunology and Director of the Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Her research focuses on dendritic cells and macrophages. She talks about tissue-resident macrophages in COVID-19 and cancer. She also discusses her new role as President of the International Union of Immunological Societies and bringing the international immunology community together at their upcoming meeting in South Africa.

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Free Wallchart: SARS-CoV-2 Structure and Life Cycle

The Immunology Science Round Up

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation – Researchers used cryo-EM to identify the structure of the active NLRP3 inflammasome disk.

How the BCG Vaccine Induces Trained Immunity – The BCG vaccine triggers epigenetic modifications on alveolar macrophages via an intestinal microbiota-mediated pathway.

Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes – Scientists examined the mechanism of action of low-dose interleukin-2 immunotherapy and identified a long-lived gene expression signature associated with potential anti-inflammatory effects.

pH Affects Interleukin-2 Anti-Tumor Activity – Researchers identified an interleukin-2 variant that retains its binding affinity in low pH environments.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Miriam Merad*

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**Ep. 43: “Respiratory Viral Infections” Featuring Dr. Jie Sun** Dec 06, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Jie Sun is the Harrison Professor of Medicine at the University of Virginia. His lab studies respiratory immunology under homeostasis and disease conditions. He talks about how long COVID compares to other post-viral conditions, and his lab’s work investigating mucosal immunity from mRNA vaccines.

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Studying COVID-19 with Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

The Immunology Science Round Up

Cardiac Autoimmunity – C-Met⁺ T cells are selectively increased in the circulation and in the myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies.

A Universal Flu Vaccine – Scientists developed an mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages.

mRNA Export Rates and Gene Expression – The nuclear export efficiency of innate immune mRNAs varies such that for many genes, only a small fraction of the newly synthesized pre-mRNA reaches the cytoplasm.

Dendritic Cells for Long-Term Tumor Control – Expanding cross-presenting dendritic cells enhances oncolytic virotherapy.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jie Sun*

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**Ep. 43: “Respiratory Viral Infections” Featuring Dr. Jie Sun** Dec 06, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Jie Sun is the Harrison Professor of Medicine at the University of Virginia. His lab studies respiratory immunology under homeostasis and disease conditions. He talks about how long COVID compares to other post-viral conditions, and his lab’s work investigating mucosal immunity from mRNA vaccines.

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Abstract Submission Is Open for IMMUNOLOGY2023!

Studying COVID-19 with Air-Liquid Interface Cultures

The Immunology Science Round Up

Cardiac Autoimmunity – C-Met⁺ T cells are selectively increased in the circulation and in the myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies.

A Universal Flu Vaccine – Scientists developed an mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages.

mRNA Export Rates and Gene Expression – The nuclear export efficiency of innate immune mRNAs varies such that for many genes, only a small fraction of the newly synthesized pre-mRNA reaches the cytoplasm.

Dendritic Cells for Long-Term Tumor Control – Expanding cross-presenting dendritic cells enhances oncolytic virotherapy.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jie Sun*

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**Ep. 42: “Immune Mechanisms After Stroke” Featuring Dr. Arthur Liesz** Nov 22, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Arthur Liesz is a Professor of Experimental Neurology at the University of Munich. The Liesz lab is interested in the interplay between the brain and the immune system after stroke. He talks about the inflammatory response to stroke, including T cell-modulated microglial activation. He also talks about stroke aftermath, including T cells that remain in the brain and the redistribution of function during recovery.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

The Microbiome and Metabolome – Researchers dissected the interplay between the gut microbiome and host genome.

Personalized T Cell Therapy – Scientists isolated and cloned multiple T cell receptors recognizing mutational neoantigens.

An Ancestral Tuberculosis Effector Promotes Dissemination – Researchers linked an unusual tuberculosis outbreak with high rates of dissemination and skeletal disease to a specific effector.

A Broadly Neutralizing Influenza Vaccine – Co-immunization with hemagglutinin stem immunogens derived from influenza A viruses elicited cross-group protection.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Arthur Liesz*

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**Ep. 41: “Autoimmunity and Cancer Immunotherapy” Featuring Dr. Vijay Kuchroo** Nov 08, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Vijay Kuchroo is the Samuel L. Wasserstrom Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. His major research interests include the role of co-stimulation in autoimmune diseases, as well as cell surface molecules and regulatory factors that regulate the induction of T cell tolerance and dysfunction. He talks about the conditions necessary to differentiate Th17 cells and their role in autoimmunity. He also discusses his group’s discovery of Tim-3, an inhibitor receptor on T cells which is now being exploited for cancer immunotherapy.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Disrupting Calcium Homeostasis – Researchers showed that inherited variants in ITPR3 alter physiologically relevant Ca²⁺ signaling responses, driving defects in immune responses.

Light Chain Coherence in Antibodies – Among naturally occurring antibodies that have adapted to particular antigens, those with similar heavy chains usually have similar light chains.

Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies Reprogram the Tumor Microenvironment – Scientists used single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect the immune response to anti-CTLA-4 blockade.

An Intranasal Booster for Sarbecoviruses – Researchers used a SARS-CoV-2 intranasal spike booster to elicit mucosal immune memory within the respiratory tract.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Vijay Kuchroo*

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**Ep. 40: “Bacterial Pathogens” Featuring Drs. Kristin Patrick and Robert Watson** Oct 25, 2022

Guests:

Dr. Kristin Patrick is an Assistant Professor and Dr. Robert Watson is an Associate Professor at Texas A&M University. Their joint lab investigates innate immune regulation during bacterial infection. They talk about gasdermin D and cell death in tuberculosis, and how running a lab together helps them prioritize mentorship.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Black Death and Immune Evolution – Researchers identified loci associated with Black Death survival that are also associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

How a Pathogen Inhibits Pyroptosis – A phosphatase secreted by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* suppresses pyroptosis by hijacking ubiquitin.

B Cell Antigen Receptor Structure – Scientists report the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the mouse B cell antigen receptor assembly.

How Pain Protects the Gut – Pain receptors regulate gut microbiota and protect tissues from inflammation.

*Image courtesy of Drs. Kristin Patrick and Robert Watson*

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**Ep. 39: “Extracellular Nucleotides” Featuring Dr. Henrique Borges da Silva** Oct 11, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Henrique Borges da Silva is an Assistant Professor at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona. His main research focus is determining how extracellular nucleotides affect transcriptional, metabolic, and functional mechanisms of CD8⁺ T cells in response to viral infections and cancer. He talks about where extracellular ATP comes from, and how there could be a link between ATP and ADP immunological signaling and the powers of caffeine.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Telomere Transfer in T Cells – An interaction between T cells and antigen presenting cells early in the immune response to viruses may determine how fast T cells decline.

*APOE* and COVID-19 Outcomes – *APOE* variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease are also associated with a reduced immune response and increased mortality from COVID-19.

Protecting the Brain from Infection – Scientists identified a new blood-endothelial barrier that separates olfactory mucosa from circulating antibodies.

Bacterial Colonization in the Intestine – An oral bacterium associated with inflammatory bowel disease uses nitrate respiration to colonize the intestine.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Henrique Borges da Silva*

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**Ep. 38: “The Urinary Bladder and Placenta” Featuring Dr. Indira Mysorekar** Sep 27, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Indira Mysorekar is a Professor of Medicine and Chief of Basic and Translational Research at Baylor College of Medicine. Her lab studies host–microbial interactions in the urinary bladder and the placenta. She discusses the role of the microbiome and the aging immune landscape in recurrent urinary tract infections. She also talks about her research on Zika and SARS-CoV-2 in the placenta.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Gut Bacteria and Cancer Pathogenesis – Some commensal bacteria promote the development of retrovirus-induced leukemia.

Generating Tolerance to Microbiota – RORγ-expressing cells are responsible for the induction of Tregs in the gut.

Antigen-Presenting Cells Promote Treg Generation – New research reveals parallel pathways for establishing tolerance to self and foreign antigens in the thymus and periphery.

Tissue Destruction in Sjögren’s Syndrome – Sjögren’s syndrome may be caused by self-reactive CD8⁺cytotoxic T cells.

CAR T Therapy for Lupus – Anti-CD19 CAR T cell treatment led to remission of systemic lupus erythematosus in a trial of five patients.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Indira Mysorekar*

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ruth Ley and Sara Clasen — **Ep. 37: “Co-Evolution of the Human Microbiome” Featuring Drs. Ruth Ley and Sara Clasen** Sep 13, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Ruth Ley is Managing Director of the Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen and Director of the Department of Microbiome Science. Dr. Sara Clasen is a postdoctoral fellow in the same lab. Together, they’re interested in the co-evolution of humans with their microbiomes. They use basic science to investigate the evolutionary history of gut microbes, how they have adapted to life inside humans, and how they affect human biology and health. More recently, they published a pre-print on the silent recognition of flagellins from human gut commensal bacteria by TLR5.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Hair Follicles and Mites – Scientists show that innate type 2 immunity controls hair follicle commensalism by *Domedex* mites.

The Search for a Shared Neoantigen – Using quantitative immunopeptidomics, researchers have identified a tumor stroma-specific target for T cell therapy.

Gut Microbes Surf the IgA Cycle – New research suggests that circadian networks comprising intestinal IgA, diet, and microbiota converge to align circadian biology in the intestine and to ensure host-microbial mutualism.

A New Way to Make CAR-T Cells – Researchers have successfully generated non-viral, gene-specific targeted CAR-T cells through CRISPR-Cas9.

*Images courtesy of Drs. Ruth Ley and Sara Clasen*

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**Ep. 36: “Engineered Immune Cell Therapies” Featuring Dr. Leonardo Ferreira** Aug 30, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Leonardo Ferreira is an Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the Medical University of South Carolina. The Ferreira lab uses CARs and other engineered immune receptors to dissect how specificity, affinity, and signaling modulate the function of different T cells subsets in tolerance and immunity. He talks about how CAR Tregs could prevent transplant rejection and treat Type 1 diabetes. He also discusses mixing and matching immune cells, the freedom to pursue multiple ideas in academia, and science outreach in Bolivia.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

T Cell Nutrient Use – CD8⁺T cells preferentially consume lactate over glucose in response to *Listeria* infection.

Blocking Malaria Transmission – A stabilized malaria antigen induces transmission-blocking antibody responses.

A New Metabolic Pathway in Inflammatory Macrophages – Research suggests that L-ornithine could improve LACC1-associated immunological dysfunctions such as arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

T Cell Receptor Avidity – Scientists studied how T cell receptor avidity of tumor-specific T cells affected their anti-tumor capabilities using mouse modeling and two melanoma patients.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Leonardo Ferreira*

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**Ep. 35: “Inflammatory Bowel Disease” Featuring Dr. Karen Edelblum** Aug 16, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Karen Edelblum is an Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. She discusses γδ T cells and immune-epithelial cross-talk in inflammatory bowel disease. She also talks about intravital microscopy and decorating immunology-themed cakes!

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Highlights from the Gastrointestinal Tract XX Conference – Researchers presented on food tolerance and sensitization, gut cytokines and drug metabolism, the link between C. *diff* and colon cancer, and more.

Programming Tissue Residency in T Cells – Researchers showed that distinct programs of tissue residency are induced in CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ tissue-resident memory T cell subsets, a difference attributable to Runx3 activity.

How Prokaryotes Recognize Pathogens – Scientists showed that NLR-based immune pattern recognition is prevalent in bacteria and archaea.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Karen Edelblum*

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**Ep. 35: “Inflammatory Bowel Disease” Featuring Dr. Karen Edelblum** Aug 16, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Karen Edelblum is an Assistant Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. She discusses γδ T cells and immune-epithelial cross-talk in inflammatory bowel disease. She also talks about intravital microscopy and decorating immunology-themed cakes!

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Stay up-to-date with the latest in intestinal cell news.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Highlights from the Gastrointestinal Tract XX Conference – Researchers presented on food tolerance and sensitization, gut cytokines and drug metabolism, the link between C. *diff* and colon cancer, and more.

Programming Tissue Residency in T Cells – Researchers showed that distinct programs of tissue residency are induced in CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ tissue-resident memory T cell subsets, a difference attributable to Runx3 activity.

How Prokaryotes Recognize Pathogens – Scientists showed that NLR-based immune pattern recognition is prevalent in bacteria and archaea.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Karen Edelblum*

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**Ep. 34: “Immunology of the Nervous System” Featuring Dr. Jonathan Kipnis** Aug 02, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Jonathan Kipnis is the BJC Investigator and Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Immunology at Washington University in St. Louis. His lab investigates the complex interactions between the immune and nervous systems. He talks about immune activity and surveillance in the brain, and how T cell subsets affect brain function and behavior. He also discusses the brain’s immune reservoir and his lab’s work on cerebrospinal fluid-regulated immune cell mobilization.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Intranasal Vaccines for HIV and SARS-CoV-2 – Researchers developed vaccines that use the neonatal Fc receptor to mediate transmucosal uptake and elicit immune responses at both local and distal mucosal sites.

How ADAR1 Mutation Leads to Autoimmune Responses – Scientists found that ZBP1-dependent signaling underlies the autoinflammatory pathology caused by the alteration of ADAR1.

Preventing Autoinflammation – Researchers identified ADAR1 as a negative regulator of ZPB1-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis, providing insights into the pathology of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome.

Averting Interferon Induction – ZBP1 promotes type I interferon activation and fatal pathology in mice with impaired ADAR1 function.

The Interleukin-17 Ligand-Receptor Axis – Scientists explored the explore the structural basis for interleukin-17 family signaling.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jonathan Kipnis*

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**Ep. 33: “Academic Publishing” Featuring Dr. Mark Kaplan** Jul 19, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Mark Kaplan is the Chair of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Indiana University School of Medicine. He is currently the Editor-In-Chief for the American Association of Immunologists’ journal *ImmunoHorizons*. Much of Dr. Kaplan’s work has focused on understanding the function of transcription factors in the development of T helper cell subsets. He talks about the role of T helper 9 cells in lung inflammation and γδ T cells in wound healing. He also discusses *ImmunoHorizons* and how it provides a home for solid immunological research that may otherwise remain unpublished.

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Read interviews with immunologists who tell their stories, discuss their research, and voice their thoughts and opinions on current topics in immunology.

The Immunology Science Round Up

IL-33 Secretion in Airway Inflammation – Researchers showed that in airway epithelial cells, gasdermin D pores mediate IL-33 release.

Immune Tolerance to Food – CD4⁺ T cells respond to food peptides by proliferating weakly in secondary lymphoid organs of the gut–liver axis owing to the action of Tregs.

Why Brain Injuries Lead to Seizures – Thalamic inflammation enhances seizure risk in mice after brain injury.

B Cells in the Lungs – Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection generates bona fide and bystander lung-resident memory B cells.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Mark Kaplan*

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**Ep. 32: “Memory T Cell Responses” Featuring Dr. Laura Mackay** Jul 05, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Laura Mackay is a Professor and Laboratory Head at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne. She talks about her tissue-resident memory T cell research and her ongoing collaboration with Pfizer to identify and validate new targets for cancer therapy.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Breast Cancer Metastasis During Sleep – Researchers showed that most spontaneous circulating tumor cell intravasation events occur during sleep.

Harnessing Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunity Against Solid Tumors – Cytomegalovirus-derived peptide epitopes promote long-term antitumor immunity in murine cancer models.

A Gut Metabolite Promotes Nerve Repair – Fasting increases production of indole-3 propionate, which enhances axonal regeneration.

Tregs and Hair Growth – After acute hair loss, Tregs communicate with hair follicle stem cells to stimulate stem cell proliferation and hair regrowth.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Laura Mackay*

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**Ep. 32: “Memory T Cell Responses” Featuring Dr. Laura Mackay** Jul 05, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Laura Mackay is a Professor and Laboratory Head at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne. She talks about her tissue-resident memory T cell research and her ongoing collaboration with Pfizer to identify and validate new targets for cancer therapy.

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Isolate cells in as little as 8 minutes with EasySep

Webinar: Accelerating T Cell Therapy Research

The Immunology Science Round Up

Breast Cancer Metastasis During Sleep – Researchers showed that most spontaneous circulating tumor cell intravasation events occur during sleep.

Harnessing Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunity Against Solid Tumors – Cytomegalovirus-derived peptide epitopes promote long-term antitumor immunity in murine cancer models.

A Gut Metabolite Promotes Nerve Repair – Fasting increases production of indole-3 propionate, which enhances axonal regeneration.

Tregs and Hair Growth – After acute hair loss, Tregs communicate with hair follicle stem cells to stimulate stem cell proliferation and hair regrowth.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Laura Mackay*

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**Ep. 31: “Autoimmune Diseases and B Cell Immunity” Featuring Dr. Mark Shlomchik** Jun 21, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Mark Shlomchik is UPMC Endowed Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Department of Immunology at the University of Pittsburgh. He is also a Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of BlueSphere Bio, a company working to create individualized T cell therapies for the treatment of cancer. Dr. Shlomchik’s lab focuses on systemic autoimmune diseases, long-lived B cell immunity, and immunopathogenesis. He talks about the role of toll-like receptors in lupus, how his autoimmune disease research led to potential cancer therapies, and starting a biotech company with his brother.

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Immunology Profiles is a venue where immunologists tell their stories, discuss their research, and voice their thoughts and opinions on current topics in immunology.

The Immunology Science Round Up

Antibody Escape in Omicron Subvariants – Researchers showed that the BA.4 and BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineages contain mutations that reduce neutralization from vaccines and previous infection.

Long COVID in the Brain – After mild respiratory COVID, mice displayed elevated CSF cytokines, impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes, and myelin loss.

Pregnancy and Intracellular Infection – Pregnancy-induced post-translational antibody modification enables protection against the prototypical intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.

Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Tumors – Scientists demonstrated that sex-related differences in tumor burden depend on adaptive immunity.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Mark Shlomchik*

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**Ep. 30: “Comparative Immunology and Sharks” Featuring Dr. Hanover Matz** Jun 07, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Hanover Matz is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Maryland, who recently completed his PhD under the supervision of Dr. Helen Dooley. He discusses why sharks may have evolved adaptive immune systems, the role of T cells, mucosal immunity, and antibodies, and working with sharks in the lab.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Intestinal Epithelium and Response to Viral Infection – A new study has uncovered a protective role for intraepithelial Ly6A⁺CCR9⁺CD4⁺ T cells against enteric viral infection.

New Mechanism to Activate Cancer-Killing T Cells – Scientists have identified a new mechanism, known as MHC-1 cross-dressing, that is effective in promoting a T cell response.

Long Covid and Breakthrough Infections – Researchers determined that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 before infection offers partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease.

Tregs in Traumatic Brain Injury – Targeted delivery of interleukin 2 boosts the number of anti-inflammatory immune cells within the brain to restrict inflammation and damage following injury or stroke.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Hanover Matz*

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**Ep. 30: “Comparative Immunology and Sharks” Featuring Dr. Hanover Matz** Jun 07, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Hanover Matz is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Maryland, who recently completed his PhD under the supervision of Dr. Helen Dooley. He discusses why sharks may have evolved adaptive immune systems, the role of T cells, mucosal immunity, and antibodies, and working with sharks in the lab.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Intestinal Epithelium and Response to Viral Infection – A new study has uncovered a protective role for intraepithelial Ly6A⁺CCR9⁺CD4⁺ T cells against enteric viral infection.

New Mechanism to Activate Cancer-Killing T Cells – Scientists have identified a new mechanism, known as MHC-1 cross-dressing, that is effective in promoting a T cell response.

Long Covid and Breakthrough Infections – Researchers determined that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 before infection offers partial protection in the post-acute phase of the disease.

Tregs in Traumatic Brain Injury – Targeted delivery of interleukin 2 boosts the number of anti-inflammatory immune cells within the brain to restrict inflammation and damage following injury or stroke.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Hanover Matz*

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**Ep. 29: “Immuno-Oncology Therapeutics” Featuring Dr. Michael Alonso** May 24, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Michael Alonso is a Scientific Co-Founder, and Vice President of Immunology & Pharmacology at Bolt Biotherapeutics, a biotechnology company developing immunotherapies that activate myeloid cells. He discusses targeting tumors by covering them in “eat me” signals, considerations for moving drugs into the clinic, and building teams in biotech.

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Explore scientific resources for your immunology research.

The Immunology Science Round Up

Trade-Offs in Cancer Mutations – Researchers developed a model of hotspot mutations that shows fundamental trade-offs between a tumor’s growth and its visibility to the immune system.

Reversing the T Cell Immune System – To determine how T cell lineage fates are determined in the thymus, scientists generated ‘FlipFlop’ mice with a functionally reversed T cell immune system.

Gut Microbiota and Response to Viral Infection – Suppression of gut microbiota renders mice susceptible to systemic viral infections.

Europe Cancer Immunotherapy Meeting Highlights – Scientists discussed antigenic dominance in lung cancer, next-generation CAR T cell design, and combining CAR T cell therapy with vaccination for solid tumors.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Michael Alonso*

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**“AAI 2022: Treg Modulation” Featuring Dr. Alice Long** May 10, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Alice Long is an Associate Member of the Center for Translational Immunology at Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason. The Long lab is focused on understanding how tolerance is lost in autoimmunity, specifically as it related to type 1 diabetes. Dr. Long discusses the work she presented at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on CD8 T cell exhaustion and Treg modulation.

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AAI 2022 Talks

Block Symposium: Autoimmunity – *CD8 T cell exhaustion is reduced in subjects with autoimmune-associated DR4 risk alleles*
Saturday, May 7, 2022 | 10:15 AM – 12:15 PM | Oregon Ballroom 203

NextGen Transformative Immunologic Therapies for Human Disease – *Treg modulation by IL-2 mutein therapy*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 8:00 AM – 10:00 AM | Room A107–109

*Image courtesy of Dr. Alice Long*

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**“AAI 2022: Treg Modulation” Featuring Dr. Alice Long** May 10, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Alice Long is an Associate Member of the Center for Translational Immunology at Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason. The Long lab is focused on understanding how tolerance is lost in autoimmunity, specifically as it related to type 1 diabetes. Dr. Long discusses the work she presented at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on CD8 T cell exhaustion and Treg modulation.

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AAI 2022 Talks

Block Symposium: Autoimmunity – *CD8 T cell exhaustion is reduced in subjects with autoimmune-associated DR4 risk alleles*
Saturday, May 7, 2022 | 10:15 AM – 12:15 PM | Oregon Ballroom 203

NextGen Transformative Immunologic Therapies for Human Disease – *Treg modulation by IL-2 mutein therapy*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 8:00 AM – 10:00 AM | Room A107–109

*Image courtesy of Dr. Alice Long*

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**“AAI 2022: Epithelial Immunity” Featuring Dr. Shruti Naik** May 08, 2022

Guest:
Dr. Shruti Naik is an Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences at New York University Langone Medical Center. She studies immunity in the epithelial tissues that line our body to understand how environmental stimuli collaborate with genetic factors to influence health and drive disease at these interfaces. She discusses the work she’s presenting at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on trained immunity and immune-epithelial crosstalk in tissue repair.
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AAI 2022 Talks

Back to School: A Review of Four Fast-Moving Fields – *Trained immunity*
Friday, May 6, 2022 | 2:00 PM – 4:00 PM | Oregon Ballroom 204

International Cytokine and Interferon Society (ICIS) Symposium:
Rising Stars of Cytokine Biology – *Immune-epithelial crosstalk in tissue repair*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 3:45 PM – 5:45 PM | Room B110–112

*Image courtesy of Dr. Shruti Naik*

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**“AAI 2022: Epithelial Immunity” Featuring Dr. Shruti Naik** May 08, 2022

Guest:
Dr. Shruti Naik is an Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences at New York University Langone Medical Center. She studies immunity in the epithelial tissues that line our body to understand how environmental stimuli collaborate with genetic factors to influence health and drive disease at these interfaces. She discusses the work she’s presenting at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on trained immunity and immune-epithelial crosstalk in tissue repair.
Featured Products and Resources:

Easy 250 EasySep Magnet for Large-Scale Immunomagnetic Separation

AAI 2022 Talks

Back to School: A Review of Four Fast-Moving Fields – *Trained immunity*
Friday, May 6, 2022 | 2:00 PM – 4:00 PM | Oregon Ballroom 204

International Cytokine and Interferon Society (ICIS) Symposium:
Rising Stars of Cytokine Biology – *Immune-epithelial crosstalk in tissue repair*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 3:45 PM – 5:45 PM | Room B110–112

*Image courtesy of Dr. Shruti Naik*

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**“AAI 2022: Peritoneal Macrophages” Featuring Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph** May 06, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph is the Emil R. Unanue Distinguished Professor in the Department of Immunology and Pathology at Washington University in St. Louis. Research in her lab integrates the study of monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells with vascular and lymphatic vessel biology. She discusses the work she’s presenting at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on the diversity, function, and mysteries of peritoneal macrophages.

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AAI 2022 Talks

Major Symposium B: Macrophage Biology, Diversity, and Inflammation – *Diversity, function, and mysteries of peritoneal macrophages*
Saturday, May 7, 2022 | 8:00 AM – 11:30 AM | Portland Ballroom 254–255

Careers in Science Lecture and Roundtables – *Becoming a confident scientist and embracing your authentic self*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 12:30 PM – 2:00 PM | Portland Ballroom 251

*Image courtesy of Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph*

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**“AAI 2022: Peritoneal Macrophages” Featuring Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph** May 06, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph is the Emil R. Unanue Distinguished Professor in the Department of Immunology and Pathology at Washington University in St. Louis. Research in her lab integrates the study of monocytes, monocyte-derived cells, and dendritic cells with vascular and lymphatic vessel biology. She discusses the work she’s presenting at the American Association of Immunologists’ annual meeting, IMMUNOLOGY2022, on the diversity, function, and mysteries of peritoneal macrophages.

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Follow these tips to prepare for your next conference.

AAI 2022 Talks

Major Symposium B: Macrophage Biology, Diversity, and Inflammation – *Diversity, function, and mysteries of peritoneal macrophages*
Saturday, May 7, 2022 | 8:00 AM – 11:30 AM | Portland Ballroom 254–255

Careers in Science Lecture and Roundtables – *Becoming a confident scientist and embracing your authentic self*
Sunday, May 8, 2022 | 12:30 PM – 2:00 PM | Portland Ballroom 251

*Image courtesy of Dr. Gwendalyn Randolph*

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Michael Rosenblumt — **Ep. 28: “Exploring Regulatory T Cells” Featuring Dr. Michael Rosenblum** Apr 26, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Michael Rosenblum is a Professor of Dermatology at the University of California, San Francisco. His lab seeks to to understand how immune responses are regulated in tissues and how this knowledge can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. They are currently investigating how regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses in tissues, as well as their “alternative” functions. He talks about early-life inflammation and type 2 helper T cells in the skin, and how Tregs can be manipulated to target autoimmune diseases and cancer.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Brain – After viral brain infection, tissue-resident memory T cells triggered central nervous system inflammation, promoting autoimmune reactions in mice.

Suppressing HIV with Antibodies – Anti-HIV-1 antibodies can maintain viral suppression and may accelerate viral reservoir decay.

Enhancing Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccine Responses – Natural killer cell depletion enhanced T cell responses to a chimp adenoviral vectored hepatitis B virus.

CAR T Cell Cytotoxicity in Glioblastoma – Researchers found that interferon gamma signaling is crucial for proper engagement and killing of solid tumors by CAR T cells.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Michael Rosenblum*

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**Ep. 27: “AAI 2022: Building on the Past to Meet the Moment” Featuring Dr. Gary Koretzky** Apr 12, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Gary Koretzky is President of the American Association of Immunologists, Vice Provost for Academic Integration at Cornell University, Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, and Director of the Cornell Center for Immunology. He talks about how he began his career in immunology, using science to guide Cornell’s response to COVID-19, and what to expect at AAI’s Immunology 2022 meeting taking place May 6-10^th.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Circular RNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants – Circular RNA vaccines enable effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and monkeys.

CD20⁺ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis – Scientists found that expansion of CD20⁺ T cells contributes to the inflammatory process in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Neutrophils in Wound Healing– Neutrophils have an essential role in transferring matrix into wounds through heat shock–integrin signaling.

Spinal Microglia Promote Pain Recovery – Scientists identified a CD11c⁺ spinal microglia population that appears after pain development and is essential for recovery from neuropathic pain.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Gary Koretzky*

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**Ep. 27: “AAI 2022: Building on the Past to Meet the Moment” Featuring Dr. Gary Koretzky** Apr 12, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Gary Koretzky is President of the American Association of Immunologists, Vice Provost for Academic Integration at Cornell University, Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, and Director of the Cornell Center for Immunology. He talks about how he began his career in immunology, using science to guide Cornell’s response to COVID-19, and what to expect at AAI’s Immunology 2022 meeting taking place May 6-10^th.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Circular RNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants – Circular RNA vaccines enable effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and monkeys.

CD20⁺ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis – Scientists found that expansion of CD20⁺ T cells contributes to the inflammatory process in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Neutrophils in Wound Healing– Neutrophils have an essential role in transferring matrix into wounds through heat shock–integrin signaling.

Spinal Microglia Promote Pain Recovery – Scientists identified a CD11c⁺ spinal microglia population that appears after pain development and is essential for recovery from neuropathic pain.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Gary Koretzky*

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**Ep. 26: “Viruses and Glycoproteins” Featuring Dr. Florian Krammer** Mar 29, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Florian Krammer is a Professor of Vaccinology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. His lab focuses on understanding broadly-reactive immune responses against the surface glycoproteins of RNA viruses such as influenza, with the goal to develop better vaccines and novel therapeutics. He talks about his lab’s shift to COVID-19 research, strategies for vaccine development, and how we can prepare for future pandemics.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

The Microbiome’s Effects on CAR T Therapy Outcomes – Exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics prior to CAR T therapy was associated with worse survival and increased neurotoxicity.

Identifying Genes That Improve T Cell Proliferation – Researchers tested over 12,000 genes and identified positive regulators of T cell functions.

Fungi in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Scientists identified fungal strains that induce intestinal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Neuroimmune Communication via Cerebrospinal Fluid – Cerebrospinal fluid gains direct access to the skull bone marrow niches and regulates immune responses.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Florian Krammer*

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**Ep. 25: “Immunology and Industry” Featuring Drs. Andy Kokaji and Hannah Lee** Mar 15, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Andy Kokaji is a Senior Director of Immunology, and Dr. Hannah Lee is a Senior Director of Product Management, at STEMCELL Technologies. They discuss their career paths and how they develop and commercialize products to support scientists worldwide.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

mRNA Boosters Increase Antibodies but Not Side Effects – A Moderna booster vaccine elicited neutralizing titers that were statistically significantly higher than the peak titers detected after the primary vaccination series.

B Cells in Unexpected Places – Researchers showed that glycan-mediated B cell suppression plays a key role in establishing fetomaternal tolerance in mice.

A Data Analysis Tool to Predict Disease Outcomes – Scientists identified immune cell types associated with increased risk of death from COVID-19.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Renal Cell Cancer – Researchers used spatial transcriptomics to examine B cell responses within tertiary lymphoid structures.

*Image courtesy of Drs. Andy Kokaji and Hannah Lee*

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**Ep. 24: “Autoimmune Disease” Featuring Dr. Jennifer Gommerman** Mar 01, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Jennifer Gommerman is a Professor of Immunology at the University of Toronto. Her team has uncovered a novel gut-brain axis that regulates neuroinflammation and is examining the role of B lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and in animal models of MS. More recently, she has been studying the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples from patients with COVID-19.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Omicron – SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity wanes over time after two mRNA vaccine doses.

Determining T Cell Fate – Researchers identified T cell antigen receptor sequence features that promote regulatory T cell fate.

Fungi in the Gut – Mucosa-associated fungi protect mice against intestinal injury and infection via interleukin-22-dependent mechanisms.

T Cells in Glioblastomas – T cell dysfunction in the glioblastoma microenvironment is mediated by myeloid cells releasing interleukin-10.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Jennifer Gommerman*

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**Ep. 23: “Dendritic Cells and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa** Feb 15, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa is the Assistant Research Director and Senior Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute. His lab studies the molecular pathways that trigger dendritic cells into action. He talks about the mechanisms of dendritic cell cross-presentation, RNA interference, and dendritic cell progenitors in influenza.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

T Cell Responses to Omicron – T cell responses in individuals with prior infection, vaccination, both prior infection and vaccination, and boosted vaccination are largely preserved to Omicron spike and non-spike proteins.

Curing Cancer with CAR T Therapy – Ten years after treatment, two leukemia patients remained in remission and had long-persisting CD4⁺ CAR T cells.

Vimentin Helps SARS-CoV-2 Enter Endothelial Cells – Vimentin could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to vascular complications associated with COVID-19.

Probing T Cell Function with CRISPR – Researchers mapped the functional gene networks regulating interleukin-2 and interferon gamma in human T cells.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa*

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**Ep. 23: “Dendritic Cells and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa** Feb 15, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa is the Assistant Research Director and Senior Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute. His lab studies the molecular pathways that trigger dendritic cells into action. He talks about the mechanisms of dendritic cell cross-presentation, RNA interference, and dendritic cell progenitors in influenza.

Featured Products and Resources:

Differentiate Human Monocytes into Dendritic Cells with ImmunoCult Dendritic Cell Culture Kit

The STEMdiff Monocyte Kit generates millions of monocytes ready for downstream assays or further development into macrophages or dendritic cells.

The Immunology Science Round Up

T Cell Responses to Omicron – T cell responses in individuals with prior infection, vaccination, both prior infection and vaccination, and boosted vaccination are largely preserved to Omicron spike and non-spike proteins.

Curing Cancer with CAR T Therapy – Ten years after treatment, two leukemia patients remained in remission and had long-persisting CD4⁺ CAR T cells.

Vimentin Helps SARS-CoV-2 Enter Endothelial Cells – Vimentin could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to vascular complications associated with COVID-19.

Probing T Cell Function with CRISPR – Researchers mapped the functional gene networks regulating interleukin-2 and interferon gamma in human T cells.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Caetano Reis e Sousa*

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**Ep. 22: “Maternal Immune Cells” Featuring Dr. Francesco Colucci** Feb 01, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Francesco Colucci is a Wellcome Investigator and Professor of Immunology at the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on natural killer (NK) and other innate lymphoid cells, as well as immunogenetics. He talks about uterine NK cells and their education, and falling in love with research as a physician.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A Link between Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis – Researchers used data from millions of US military recruits to determine that Epstein-Barr infection increased the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Nano-Sponges to Treat Inflammation – Nanodecoys coated with a macrophage membrane scavenged pro-inflammatory cytokines in autoimmune disease models.

How Epstein-Barr Infection Triggers Multiple Sclerosis – Scientists showed that molecular mimicry between an Epstein-Barr virus protein and a neuronal molecule in Multiple sclerosis patients contributes to neuroinflammation.

The Immunoregulatory Landscape of Tuberculosis – Researchers identified how cellular composition and immunoregulatory pathways in tuberculosis granulomas relate to peripheral immune responses.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Francesco Colucci*

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**Ep. 21: “Trained Immunity” Featuring Dr. Mihai Netea** Jan 18, 2022

Guest:

Dr. Mihai Netea is a Professor of Experimental Medicine at Radboud University Nijmegen and a Professor of Immunometabolism at the University of Bonn. He discusses the mechanisms of trained immunity, transmission of immune traits across generations via epigenetics, and how some vaccines can enhance immunity to other pathogens.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Fc-Mediated Responses to SARS-CoV-2 – mRNA vaccination, but not infection, produced spike antibodies that maintained Fc receptor binding to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

A Nasal Vaccine for Tuberculosis – An adenovirus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine induced airway tissue-resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells.

Behavioral Immune Landscapes of Inflammation – Researchers used 4D live imaging to obtain behavioral descriptors of individual cells and build behavioral landscapes.

Platelet Aggregation in Sepsis – Scientists showed that inhibiting NFAT in activated mouse and human platelets enhanced their aggregation.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Mihai Netea*

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**Ep. 20: “Mucosal Immunology” Featuring Dr. De’Broski Herbert** Dec 21, 2021

Guest:

Dr. De’Broski Herbert is an Associate Professor of Immunology at the University of Pennsylvania. The Herbert lab is exploring the immunoregulatory and regenerative mechanisms operating at the mucosal interface. He discusses his recent paper on IL-33 sources and secretion, his postdoctoral fellowship in South Africa, and the M1/M2 macrophage paradigm.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

TREM-2 and T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 – Researchers showed that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) expression was increased on T cells in patients with COVID-19.

Neutralizing the Omicron Variant – mRNA vaccine boosters may increase SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers.

T Cells Still Recognize the Omicron Variant – Early data suggest that existing CD8⁺ T cell responses from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination will likely recognize the Omicron variant of concern.

A Nasal Vaccine for Influenza – An intranasal flu vaccine enhanced immunoglobulin A responses through lung-resident memory B cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells in mice.

Mucosal Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination – Mucosal immunoglobulin A responses to mRNA vaccination depend on pre-existing immunity.

An Alternative Approach for Anthrax – Scientists used capsule depolymerase to remove the Bacillus anthracis bacterial capsule and promote phagocytosis and killing by human neutrophils.

*Image courtesy of Dr. De’Broski Herbert*

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**Ep. 19: “Parasitic Infections” Featuring Dr. Keke Fairfax** Dec 07, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Keke Fairfax is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and the Director of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion at the University of Utah. Her lab uses helminth parasite *Schistosoma mansoni* as a tool to understand the consequences of IL-4 induced immuno-modulation. She explains how helminth infections can reduce the efficacy of childhood vaccinations, and how mentorship and networking can help minority scientists thrive in Utah.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Early HIV Treatment Needed to Replenish Memory T Cells – Delaying HIV treatment leads to irreversible loss of tissue-resident memory T cells and reduced protection against HPV-related cancer.

Neoepitopes in Melanoma – Researchers found that adoptive cell therapy success is associated with an expansion of neoepitope-specific CD8⁺ T cells.

Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy – Scientists showed that patients’ responses to an oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy depends on both pre-existing CD4+ T cells and a subset of T helper cells.

An mRNA Vaccine for Tick-Borne Diseases – Researchers developed an mRNA vaccine against the tick that transmits Lyme disease.

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**Ep. 18: “Immune Microscopy” Featuring Dr. Tri Phan** Nov 23, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Tri Phan is a Senior Research Fellow at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and a Conjoint Professor at the University of New South Wales. He runs the Intravital Microscopy Lab, which aims to understand the checks and balances that control B cell responses. His team uses two-photon microscopy to image cells in live animals, including time-lapses of over 24 hours. He talks about the physics behind this type of microscopy and how it can image deep within tissues without destroying them. We also discuss his lab’s recent *Cell* paper on osteomorphs, a newly discovered cell type involved in osteoclast recycling in bone, and their work on memory B cells in lymph nodes.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication – A Therapeutic Interfering Particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load by competing for viral replication machinery.

Pre-Existing T Cells Abort SARS-CoV-2 Infection – Health care workers who were exposed to COVID-19, but repeatedly tested negative, had pre-existing RNA-polymerase-specific T cells.

A Self-Guarded Immune Sensing Pathway – MORC3 inhibits viral replication and its degradation by a virus unleashes a secondary antiviral response.

T Cell States in Adoptive Cell Therapy – Host T cell reactivation drives the immune response and determines the outcome of lymphocyte infusion in leukemia patients.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Tri Phan*

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**Ep. 18: “Immune Microscopy” Featuring Dr. Tri Phan** Nov 23, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Tri Phan is a Senior Research Fellow at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and a Conjoint Professor at the University of New South Wales. He runs the Intravital Microscopy Lab, which aims to understand the checks and balances that control B cell responses. His team uses two-photon microscopy to image cells in live animals, including time-lapses of over 24 hours. He talks about the physics behind this type of microscopy and how it can image deep within tissues without destroying them. We also discuss his lab’s recent *Cell* paper on osteomorphs, a newly discovered cell type involved in osteoclast recycling in bone, and their work on memory B cells in lymph nodes.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication – A Therapeutic Interfering Particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load by competing for viral replication machinery.

Pre-Existing T Cells Abort SARS-CoV-2 Infection – Health care workers who were exposed to COVID-19, but repeatedly tested negative, had pre-existing RNA-polymerase-specific T cells.

A Self-Guarded Immune Sensing Pathway – MORC3 inhibits viral replication and its degradation by a virus unleashes a secondary antiviral response.

T Cell States in Adoptive Cell Therapy – Host T cell reactivation drives the immune response and determines the outcome of lymphocyte infusion in leukemia patients.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Tri Phan*

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**Ep. 17: “Innate Immune Receptors” Featuring Dr. Jenny Ting** Nov 09, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Jenny Ting is the William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor of Genetics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and served as the President of the American Association of Immunologists from 2020-2021. Her lab discovered the NLR protein family, and their recent research interests include oxidative phosphorylation in HIV, the role of AIM2 in autoimmunity, and microbes that can protect from radiation.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Replication Stress Response Defects in Cancer – Replication stress response defects led to single-stranded DNA accumulation in cancer cells and improved responses to immune checkpoint blockade.

Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Renal Cell Carcinoma – Researchers identified baseline pre-treatment T cell receptor clonality as a predictor of immunotherapy response in renal cell carcinoma.

DNA Methylation Signatures of Immune Cells – Scientists found that adaptive and innate immune cells show distinct methylation and gene expression patterns.

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Variants – The Delta variant spike protein can fuse membranes more efficiently at low levels of cellular receptor ACE2 compared to other variants. Learn more about SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells in this review.
The New York Times Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker
*Image courtesy of Dr. Jenny Ting*

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**Ep. 16: “T Cell Regulation” Featuring Dr. Dario Vignali** Oct 26, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Dario Vignali is the Frank Dixon Chair in Cancer Immunology and Vice Chair and Professor of Immunology at University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. His lab studies various aspects of T cell regulation, and recently generated a new mouse model to target conventional CD4 T cells.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Dual Targeting for B Cell Leukemia – CAR T therapy targeting both CD19 and CD22 showed clinical activity and low toxicity in a Phase I trial, but strategies to further improve CAR T cell persistence are needed.

Microbial Fitness in the Intestine – Researchers showed that microbial exposure leads to the selection of antigen-specific intestinal plasma cells with a diverse Ig gene repertoire.

Less Is More for COVID-19 Vaccine Dosage – A 1000-fold lower prime dose of an adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine followed by a standard boost dose elicited superior immune responses compared to two standard doses.

IL-33 in Inflammation Resolution – IL-33 induces metabolic reprogramming, which controls the differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages that contribute to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Dario Vignali*

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**Ep. 15: “Tuning the Immune Response” Featuring Dr. Anil Bhushan** Oct 12, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Anil Bhushan is a Professor at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and Co-Founder of Deciduous Therapeutics, an aging therapeutics company developing a novel class of immune-modulatory therapies. His lab focuses on understanding how the immune system senses and tunes its response to senescent cells in disease and aging, and was one of the first to show the role of clearing senescent cells in models of type 1 diabetes.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Natural Resistance to SARS-CoV-2 – While some individuals express a prenylated version of the *OAS1* gene that inhibits SARS-CoV-2, researchers found that others express a version that does not detect SARS-CoV-2.

A New Target for Cancer Immunotherapy – Using *in vivo* CRISPR screens, scientists identified new immune targets regulating the tumor microenvironment, and revealed that knocking out the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cop1 in cancer cells enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Cognate Recognition of Microbial Antigens – Researchers speculate that dominant proinflammatory T cell clones might provide a therapeutic target in human inflammatory bowel disease.

Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer – Using new models of colorectal cancer with defined neoantigens, scientists described a mechanism of early T cell dysfunction in immunotherapy refractory tumors and strategies to overcome it.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Anil Bhushan*

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**Ep. 14: “Neuroimmunology and Behavior” Featuring Dr. Michael Burton** Sep 28, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Michael Burton is an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas in Dallas. His lab studies the complex interactions between the immune and nervous systems that lead to pain, depression, and sickness.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 Variants – Researchers showed that a receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine generated neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and related animal coronaviruses.

An Early Wave of Memory B Cells – Scientists studied the cell fate decisions that take place upon B cell activation.

Combining Cancer Vaccines and T Cell Transfer – Combining a cancer vaccine with adoptive autologous T cell transfer led to improved immune responses in multiple myeloma patients.

Preserving T Cell Stemness – An IL-2 partial agonist can promote CD8⁺ T cell expansion without driving differentiation.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Michael Burton*

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**Ep. 13: “Pathogens, Autoantigens, and Antigens” Featuring Dr. Frances Lund** Sep 14, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Frances Lund is the Charles H. McCauley Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Her lab showed that B cells not only make antibodies, but also produce cytokines that modulate the microenvironment. She currently studies the many roles of B cells, how to target B cells gone bad, and nasal vaccines for respiratory illnesses.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A COVID-19 Vaccine Targeting CD40 – Researchers fused a CD40 monoclonal antibody to a SARS-CoV-2 protein, which stimulated dendritic cells and boosted the immune response of monkeys already exposed to the virus.

A T Cell Cancer Vaccine – Scientists generated a therapeutic cancer vaccine by genetically modifying T cells to deliver antigens and adjuvant signals to lymphoid tissues.

Dendritic Cells in Intestinal Immunity – Intestinal dendritic cells have local specializations that depend on the microenvironment.

Stress and the Immune System – Psychological stress primes monocytes to an inflammatory state.

*Image courtesy of Dr. Frances Lund*

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**Ep. 12: “The Power of Cell Therapy” Featuring Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone** Aug 31, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone is the CEO and President of Sonoma Biotherapeutics, a San Francisco and Seattle-based company leveraging the properties of regulatory T cells to create living cell therapies that restore the immune system back to its balanced, fully functioning state. He discusses the company’s research and mission to create therapies that are long-lasting, highly efficacious, and have the potential to slow or prevent autoimmune disease progression and prolong healthy life.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Linking Neutrophil Death and Lupus – Researchers showed that neutrophils from either lupus-prone mice or patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergo ferroptosis.

Alterations in Red Blood Cells Contribute to Lupus – Scientists found that lupus may be triggered by a defective process in the development of red blood cells.

TCF-1 Regulates Distinct Treg Cell Functions – Researchers discovered how the transcription factor TCF-1 in Tregs modulates polyps formation in colon cancer.

mRNA Vaccines Produce Strong Immune Response – Scientists showed that mRNA vaccines that protect against COVID-19 produce a robust T cell response.

*Image by Steve Babuljak, courtesy of Dr. Jeffrey Bluestone*

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**Ep. 11: “Adoptive T Cell Transfer” Featuring Dr. Christopher Klebanoff** Aug 17, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Christopher Klebanoff is a Principal Investigator and Attending Physician at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. His research focuses on cell-based cancer immunotherapies, T cell receptors, and the therapeutic targeting of shared cancer neoantigens. Using single-cell sequencing, biophysical measurements of T cell receptor affinity, genetic engineering, and structural immunobiology, the Klebanoff lab aims to adapt adoptive T cell transfer for advanced solid tumors.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Dual Targeting of Tregs – A CTLA-4 antibody combined with a signal regulatory protein modulates both “eat me” and “do not eat me” signals to deplete regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment.

A Cell-Free Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies – Researchers developed a multiplex assay to assess neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in convalescent plasma.

T Cells and Oral Vaccines in Environmental Enteric Dysfunction – Scientists developed a mouse model for environmental enteric dysfunction and found impaired CD4⁺ T cell responses in the small intestine, which reduced oral vaccine efficacy.

Vertical Transfer of Maternal Immune Cells – Maternal microchimeric cells promote fetal immune development and are linked to a lower number of respiratory infections in early life.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Christopher Klebanoff*

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**Ep. 10: “Viral Pathogens” Featuring Dr. James Crowe** Aug 03, 2021

Guest:

Dr. James Crowe is the Director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Center. Their group uses a very broad array of techniques including molecular and cellular biology, state-of-the-art imaging and flow cytometry, bioinformatics, and bioengineering approaches to attack the scientific problems that are of interest to them: major human pathogens.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Delta Variant – The Pfizer and Astrazeneca vaccines are highly protective against the delta variant of COVID-19 after two doses.

Immune Cell Mechanisms in Colitis – Researchers identified an inverse correlation between inflammatory bowel disease severity and Cox2 expression, uncovering an active immune pathway that may be targeted to reduce inflammation.

T Cell Specificity in Melanoma – Scientists took an in-depth look at the relationship between T cell receptors and T cell phenotypes in patient-derived melanoma cell lines.

Overcoming PD-1 Blockade Resistance in Lung Cancer – Researchers studied the transcriptional programs of neoantigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in PD-1 treated lung cancers.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. James Crowe*

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**Ep. 9: “Lymphocyte Activation” Featuring Dr. Marc Jenkins** Jul 20, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Marc Jenkins is a Regents and Distinguished McKnight University Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Director of the Center for Immunology at the University of Minnesota. Dr. Jenkins discovered that CD4⁺ T cells require CD28 as well as TCR to produce IL-2. His lab investigates CD4⁺ T and B cell activation in vivo by directly tracking antigen-specific cells.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

A Pathway to Regulate T Follicular Helper Cells – Scientists identified a metabolic control pathway that regulates T follicular helper cells and humoral immunity.

HIV Treatment and the Microbiome – Researchers found that in HIV patients treated with combined antiretroviral therapy, the composition of the microbiome fluctuates and affects the reconstitution of CD4 T cells.

Blocking RSV Replication – A drug that hardens viral inclusion bodies inhibited respiratory syncytial virus replication in mice.

COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Blood Clots – Adenoviral vector vaccines can induce platelet activation that can contribute to thrombosis by producing antibodies that bind to platelet factor 4.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Marc Jenkins*

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**Ep. 8: “Veterinary Virology” Featuring Dr. Robyn Hall** Jul 06, 2021

Guests:

Dr. Robyn Hall is a Research Scientist and Team Leader at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. She is a veterinary virologist whose research focuses on innovative and applied solutions for improving rabbit biocontrol using rabbit caliciviruses.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Coordinating an Antimicrobial Response in Leprosy – In addition to immune cells, cell types such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes can produce antimicrobial molecules in leprosy granulomas.

Modifying RNA Splicing to Enhance Immune Recognition – Scientists used drugs that modulate splicing to induce cancer cells to produce abnormal proteins, fostering recognition by immune cells.

Remodeling the Lymphoid Landscape – Researchers characterized three distinct subsets of lymphoid stromal cells in tonsil tissue and studied their reprogramming in follicular lymphoma.

A One-Two Punch of Immunotherapies – Researchers found that cancer patients who do not respond well to checkpoint inhibition may respond better to drugs that deplete T follicular regulatory cells prior to anti-PD1 therapy.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Robyn Hall*

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**Ep. 7: “The Mechanisms of Itch” Featuring Drs. Isaac Chiu and Tiphaine Voisin** Jun 22, 2021

Guests:

Dr. Isaac Chiu is an Assistant Professor of Immunology at Harvard Medical School, studying the role of the nervous system in mediating inflammation and host defense. Dr. Tiphaine Voisin is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard Medical School, specializing in somato-sensation and neuro-immunology. They recently published a paper in PNAS on the role of the CysLT₂R receptor in acute and chronic itch.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Helper T Cell Subsets Defined by Site of Priming – Researchers showed that the site of T cell priming dictates effector phenotype and homing to remote organs.

COVID-19 Linked to Inflammation of the Brain – Scientists found that COVID-19 can spark a severe immune response in the central nervous system, affecting immune cells in the vascular system and brain.

From Microbes to Intestinal Innate Immunity – Microbe-derived acetate induces chromatin remodeling in intestinal cells, regulating host metabolism and innate immunity.

A Robust Response against COVID-19 Variants – A new study shows that the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine protects against all of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Drs. Isaac Chiu and Tiphaine Voisin*

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**Ep. 6: “Precision Cancer Immunotherapy” Featuring Dr. Daniela Thommen** Jun 08, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Daniela Thommen is a Group Leader at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Her lab is interested in understanding how human cancers immunologically respond to treatment, and how such responses relate to the immunological makeup of a tumor.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Immunity against COVID-19 Variants of Concern – T cell-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.

Atypical B Cells in Chronic Infectious Diseases – Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze atypical B cells in malaria, HIV, and autoimmune diseases, and found similar transcriptional profiles.

Immune Development in Mucosal Tissues – Scientists showed that embryonic macrophages prepare the colon for colonization by invariant natural killer T cells in the days after birth.

A Vaccine for Trypanosomes – Researchers used a genome-led approach to identify a vaccine candidate for *Trypanosoma vivax*, a deadly parasite that can infect humans and livestock.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Daniela Thommen*

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Judy Lieberman and Dr. Caroline Junqueira — **Ep. 5: “Plasmodium Infection” Featuring Drs. Judy Lieberman and Caroline Junqueira** May 25, 2021

Guests:

Dr. Judy Lieberman is a Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and holds an Endowed Chair in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Caroline Junqueira is an Investigator at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and a visiting scientist at Harvard Medical School. Their recent research focuses on the role of γδ T cells in malaria.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

How Viruses Cause Pyroptosis – Bcl-2 members MCL-1 and BCL-xL sense translation inhibition during viral infection, leading to Gasdermin E-dependent pyroptosis.

Aging the Immune System – Researchers selectively deleted *Ercc1*, which encodes a crucial DNA repair protein, to increase senescence in the immune systems of mice, leading to systemic aging.

Thymic Development of Microbiota-Specific T Cells – Scientists showed that intestinal colonization in early life leads to the trafficking of microbial antigens from the intestine to the thymus by intestinal dendritic cells, which then induce the expansion of microbiota-specific T cells.

Antibody-Dependent Inflammation in COVID-19 – Researchers found that in patients with severe COVID-19, high titers and low fucosylation of anti-spike IgG leads to excessive inflammatory responses by alveolar macrophages.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Drs. Judy Lieberman and Caroline Junqueira*

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Dr. Carl June and Dr. Philipp Rommel — **Ep. 4: “Therapeutic T Cell Engineering” Featuring Drs. Carl June and Philipp Rommel** May 11, 2021

Guests:

Dr. Carl June is the Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunology at the University of Pennsylvania, Director of the Center for Cellular Immunotherapies at the Perelman School of Medicine, and Director of the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy. Dr. Philipp Rommel is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the June lab. Together, they are interested in lymphocyte biology, with a major translational focus on *ex vivo* T cell engineering for cancer and HIV cell-based therapies.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Pooled CRISPR Screening Identifies m⁶A RNA as a Regulator of Macrophage Activation – Scientists identified METTL3-mediated m⁶A modification in innate immune responses suggesting the m⁶A machinery could be a target for immunotherapy.

Natural Killer Receptors Fine-Tune T Cells – Researchers identified a role for natural killer cell receptor signaling in regulating self/non-self discrimination by HLA-E–restricted T cells.

Notch4 Signaling in Viral Infections – Notch4 expression on T_reg cells suppressed the induction of amphiregulin and promoted severe lung inflammation in viral infections.

Synthetic Notch CAR T Cells Targeting Solid Tumors in Mice – Scientists developed synthetic Notch CAR T cells targeting solid tumor antigens and used them to treat mouse models of mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and glioblastoma.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Drs. Carl June and Philipp Rommel*

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**Ep. 3: “Platelets and the Immune System” Featuring Dr. Bernardo Franklin** Apr 27, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Bernardo Franklin is a Professor at the University of Bonn. His lab studies the role of innate immunity in sterile inflammation and in infectious diseases. More recently, their research has focused on blood platelets and their effects on innate immunity, systemic inflammation and cancer.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

T Cell Mediated Cross-Reactivity between Seasonal Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 – Researchers found that CD8⁺ T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope cross-react with selective seasonal coronaviruses.

COVID-19 Recovered Individuals May Only Require a Single mRNA Vaccine Dose – In individuals who have already recovered from COVID-19, a single mRNA vaccine dose was sufficient to achieve peak antibody and memory B cell responses.

Forcing Cancer Out of “Stealth Mode” – DNA methyl transferase inhibitors alter the surface proteome and mediate cytoskeletal reorganization, priming γδ T cells to kill lung cancer cells.

Maternal T_reg Cells Can Reverse Behavioral Abnormalities in Adult Mouse Offspring – Behavioral abnormalities caused by maternal immune activation could be rescued by transferring pathogen-activated maternal T_reg cells.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Bernardo Franklin*

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**Ep. 2: “A Tale of Three Sisters” Featuring Drs. Mindy, Amy, and Kristen Engevik** Apr 13, 2021

Guests:

Drs. Mindy, Amy, and Kristen Engevik are sisters and immunologists. Dr. Mindy Engevik is an Assistant Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Her lab studies microbial-host crosstalk with an emphasis on microbe-mucus interactions.

Dr. Amy Engevik is also an Assistant Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Her lab focuses on the role of Myosin Vb in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders and liver cholestasis.

Dr. Kristen Engevik is a postdoctoral fellow at Baylor College of Medicine. Her research aims to elucidate the molecular consequences of purinergic signaling in gastrointestinal physiology and rotavirus pathophysiology, with the ultimate goal of providing further insight to improve vaccines against rotavirus.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Chronic Immune Response in Severe COVID-19 Does Not Target SARS-CoV-2 – Researchers found that in patients with severe COVID-19, TGF-β is a key regulator of the chronic immune response, and in prolonged cases, this response is no longer directed at SARS-CoV-2.

Regulatory T Cells in Tumors and Tissues – Scientists performed single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of tissue-resident and circulatory regulatory T (Treg) cells, and showed that several surface proteins that were thought to be tumor-specific were also expressed in Treg cells in normal tissue.

Mapping the Immune Landscape in Glioblastomas – Researchers used single-cell profiling to study the glioblastoma immune landscape and found that microglia-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) dominated in newly diagnosed tumors, but were outnumbered by monocyte-derived TAMs following recurrence.

T Cells Persist in Melanoma Patients Who Respond Well to Immunotherapy – In metastatic melanoma survivors with exceptional responses to immunotherapy, scientists found T cell clonotypes from tumors in skin and blood up to nine years later.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Drs. Mindy, Amy, and Kristen Engevik*

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**Ep. 1: “Merging Stem Cells with Immunology” Featuring Dr. Filipe Pereira** Mar 30, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Filipe Pereira is an Associate Professor at the Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University. The Pereira lab studies how hematopoietic cell fate is specified, maintained, and eventually modified or reversed. Inspired by the fields of stem cell biology, immunology, and cancer, they use an interdisciplinary approach to mechanistically understand hematopoietic and immune cell identities and translate their findings into novel gene and cell therapies.

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The Immunology Science Round Up

Resident T Cells Stay at Home – Researchers examined how immunity is integrated within adult mouse tissues and observed durable maintenance of resident memory T cells up to 450 days after infection.

Bacteria-Derived Peptides Found inside Tumors – Scientists identified a peptide repertoire derived from intracellular bacteria that was presented on HLA-I and HLA-II molecules in melanoma tumors.

Gamma Delta T Cells Link Immunity to Nutrition – Researchers analyzed mice fed a high-carbohydrate versus a high-protein diet and observed remodeling of the small intestinal epithelium in response to dietary carbohydrates.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Activate Innate Immune Sensor cGAS – In mice, NETs stimulated interferon production in a cGAS-dependent manner, suggesting that cGAS acts as a sensor of NETs to stimulate immune responses during infection.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Filipe Pereira*

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**Ep. 1: “Merging Stem Cells with Immunology” Featuring Dr. Filipe Pereira** Mar 30, 2021

Guest:

Dr. Filipe Pereira is an Associate Professor at the Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University. The Pereira lab studies how hematopoietic cell fate is specified, maintained, and eventually modified or reversed. Inspired by the fields of stem cell biology, immunology, and cancer, they use an interdisciplinary approach to mechanistically understand hematopoietic and immune cell identities and translate their findings into novel gene and cell therapies.

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Generate Millions of Monocytes from hPSCs with the STEMdiff Monocyte Kit

Differentiate Monocytes into Dendritic Cells with the ImmunoCult Dendritic Cell Culture Kit

The Immunology Science Round Up

Resident T Cells Stay at Home – Researchers examined how immunity is integrated within adult mouse tissues and observed durable maintenance of resident memory T cells up to 450 days after infection.

Bacteria-Derived Peptides Found inside Tumors – Scientists identified a peptide repertoire derived from intracellular bacteria that was presented on HLA-I and HLA-II molecules in melanoma tumors.

Gamma Delta T Cells Link Immunity to Nutrition – Researchers analyzed mice fed a high-carbohydrate versus a high-protein diet and observed remodeling of the small intestinal epithelium in response to dietary carbohydrates.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Activate Innate Immune Sensor cGAS – In mice, NETs stimulated interferon production in a cGAS-dependent manner, suggesting that cGAS acts as a sensor of NETs to stimulate immune responses during infection.

*Photo Reference: Courtesy of Dr. Filipe Pereira*

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Never miss updates about new episodes.
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The Immunology Podcast Is Launching in March 2021 Feb 12, 2021

In March of 2021, the Immunology Podcast will be launching with the goal of creating an accessible, entertaining, and educational resource for scientists to keep current on the latest developments in immunology research. The hosts, Drs. Brenda Raud and Jason Goldsmith, will cover the latest scientific advances and interview key immunology influencers about their work and perspectives on the field.

The Immunology Podcast is owned and produced by STEMCELL Technologies, a global biotechnology company based out of Vancouver, Canada. STEMCELL provides the podcast under their Science Communication Program, alongside several other services to keep scientists current and connected with their fields. This includes the Stem Cell Podcast, which covers groundbreaking research in the field of stem cell biology, and has amassed a global following, with more than 600,000 downloads to date.

STEMCELL Technologies supports life sciences research with more than 2,500 specialized cell culture media, cell separation tools, instruments, accessory products and educational services that are used by scientists performing immunology, stem cell, cancer, regenerative medicine, and cellular therapy research globally.

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