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    Technology

    Oxide and Friends

    Oxide hosts a weekly Discord show where we discuss a wide range of topics: computer history, startups, Oxide hardware bringup, and other topics du jour. These are the recordings in podcast form.
    Join us live (usually Mondays at 5pm PT) https://discord.gg/gcQxNHAKCB
    Subscribe to our calendar: https://calendar.google.com/calendar/ical/c_318925f4185aa71c4524d0d6127f31058c9e21f29f017d48a0fca6f564969cd0%40group.calendar.google.com/public/basic.ics

    Advertise

    Copyright: © Oxide Computer Company

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    Latest Episodes:
    NeXT, Objective-C, and contrasting histories Jul 05, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: July 5, 2021

    NeXT, Objective-C, and contrasting histories

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. Even though it’s not (yet?) a feature of Twitter Spaces, we have been recording them all; here is the recording for our Twitter Space for July 5, 2021.

    In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers on July 5th included Tom Lyon, Ian, bch, Theo Schlossnagle, Rick Altherr, and Nate. (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • First Twitter Space, May 3rd
      • the lost recording (~31mins)
      • (possible?) genesis of the idea to record spaces
      • Adam’s process for recording spaces
      • Someone (Sid?) mentioned NeXT’s transparent compensation model
      • Oxide: Compensation as a Reflection of Values
    • [@2:28](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=148) Randall Stross book: Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing (1993)
    • [@4:42](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=282) The SPARCstation 1 and the Sun-4c (campus) architecture > The hardware was not competitive, but dammit they sure looked good!
    • NeXTcube
    • [@9:15](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=555) It’s nuts how much time and energy they spent on the look of it. > They were building a huge factory, just about the time people were > starting to outsource everything.
    • Sun was doing incremental things, and Steve was going for the 100 yard pass.
      • Apple Lisa computer > NeXT refused to interoperate with anything. > They had this idea that a NeXT customer is going to buy all NeXT machines.
    • [@13:20](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=800) NeXT was a really proprietary company, contrasted with Sun, a really open company. > Bill Gates volunteers that he would gladly urinate on a NeXT machine.
    • They are attempting to reinvent absolutely everything, so they need all software to be written from scratch, effectively.
    • Jobs does this over and over again at NeXT. He does things to make NeXT look bigger than it is.
    • [@16:23](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=983) Jobs blows off important meeting with IBM
    • [@18:56](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1136) Mathematica went whole hog on NeXT
    • [@20:55](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1255) “Steve Jobs yells at your dad a lot?”
      • Quark Software Inc, QuarkXPress
    • [@22:22](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1342) Story of Jobs trying to sell NeXT machines to Brown’s CS dept > “Your product looks great, I’m just not sure your company is > going to be around for as long as we need it to be.”
      > Then Steve Jobs calls him an a**hole and storms out.
    • [@23:35](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1415) NeXT spent very freely. Lavish offices, catering, etc > He did not take VC money. He had weird money from beginning to end.
      > Ross Perot thought Jobs was a total genius. Then realized that whether > he was a genius or not, he wasn’t selling any computers.
    • The 80’s were all about fear of Japan.
    • Ultimately they had to pivot away from hardware.
    • [@26:38](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1598) In contrast to Sun
      • Metaphor Computer Systems
      • Bryan’s tweet from July 3 > Measured by most any yardstick one could choose, Sun was one of > the most successful stories of the 1980’s for all of industrial America.
      • John Gage
    • [@32:43](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=1963)
      • the NeXTSTEP operating system, based on the Mach microkernel
      • Objective-C HOPL paper
      • Walter Isaacson biography on Steve Jobs
      • Be Inc, computer company. Jean-Louis Gassée
      • Stepstone (originally PPI) > Not that I’ve read a ton of HOPL papers, but I don’t think HOPL papers > spill the tea quite this much..
    • [@39:53](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=2393) Named parameters in programming languages
      • The software crisis, Object Orientation, “Software ICs”
    • [@44:40](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=2680) NeXT was building real things with Objective-C, PPI wasn’t.
    • [@45:54](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=2754) Rick’s experience with Objective-C at Apple
      • Objective-C, Objective-C++, and Swift
    • [@54:08](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=3248) Objective-C and Swift are mandated. If it were an open ecosystem, would they be significant? > There was a feeling that the hardware didn’t matter. > You shouldn’t trouble yourself with any details.
    • [@57:46](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=3466) Secrecy at NeXT and Apple
      • NDAs signed per project > Secrecy is a lot of work.
    • It was all about being able to walk on stage, and dramatically drop something that was going to be life changing.
    • It seems like the secrecy was being used to manipulate people.
    • [@1:03:13](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=3793) x86 port at Apple
    • [@1:05:34](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=3934) Jobs tells them to make it great, because it’s currently sh*t.
    • [@1:08:04](https://youtu.be/2H9XQBdLB0Y?t=4084) Is Objective-C being used anywhere today outside the Apple ecosystem?
      • GNUstep, Agent-based modeling

    If we got something wrong or missed something, please file a PR! Our next Twitter space will likely be on Monday at 5p Pacific Time; stay tuned to our Twitter feeds for details. We’d love to have you join us, as we always love to hear from new speakers!


    What's a bug? What's a debugger? Jun 21, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: June 21, 2021

    What’s a bug? What’s a debugger?

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. Even though it’s not (yet?) a feature of Twitter Spaces, we have been recording them all; here is the recording for our Twitter Space for June 21, 2021.

    In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers on June 21st included Dan Cross, Sean Klein, Aram Hăvărneanu, and the mononymous Nate. (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • Adam’s toddler (being chased by a rooster) > Don’t get me wrong, some of my best friends are three-year-olds.
    • [@3:12](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=192) Sy Brand’s tutorial Writing a Debugger
      • Lobsters – when HN isn’t enough!
    • [@4:34](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=274) Bryan’s debuggers
      • MDB Modular Debugger > Adam: I think people are using cargo-cult debugging, rather than getting to the root cause > of these things, or being satisfied until they get to the root cause.
        > Bryan: I think with software systems, it’s really hard to know what they’re actually doing.
      • Procedure Linkage Table aka “the plits”
      • “Runtime Performance Analysis of the M-to-N Scheduling Model” (pdf) 1996 undergrad thesis (Brown CS dept website)
      • [@6:29](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=389) Threadmon website and 1997 paper (a retooling of the ’96 paper) > When I built that tooling, it revealed this thing > is not doing at all what anyone thought it was doing.
      • TNF Trace Normal Form > Part of the problem with debuggers… debuggers are historically written by compiler folks, > and not system folks. As a result, debuggers are designed to debug the problem that > compiler folks have the most familiarity with, and that’s a compiler.
        > Debuggers are designed for reproducible problems, way too frequently.
    • I view in situ breakpoint debugging as one sliver of debugging that’s useful for one particular and somewhat unusual class of bugs. That’s actually not the kind of debugger I want to use most of the time.
    • Software breakpoints
    • [@11:59](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=719) > libdis was my intern project in 2000. The idea was to take the program text, > and interpret it in some structural form, and try to infer different things about the program.
      • Ghidra: software reverse engineering tool
      • Laura Abbott’s Exploiting Undocumented Hardware Blocks in the LPC55S69
      • Volatility: the memory forensics framework Adam couldn’t quite remember.
    • [@14:59](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=899) I meant this question earnestly, what is a debugger?
      • The first bug > The term is somewhat regrettable… It implies a problem, when there may not be a problem. > It may just be I want to understand how the system is operating, independent of whether > it’s doing it badly.
    • Wikipedia on Observability (control theory)
    • Oxide’s embedded OS and companion debugger: Hubris and Humility
    • [@19:01](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=1141) Using DTrace to help customers understand their systems. > If you strings the DTrace binary, > you’re not gonna find any mention of raincoats.
      • Cliff Moon on Boundary
    • [@22:13](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=1333) Cardinal rule of debuggers: Don’t kill the patient! (see also: Do No Harm) > Not killing the patient is really important, > this was always an Ur principle for us.
    • The notion that the debugger has now become load bearing in the execution of the program, is a pretty grave responsibility.
    • [@26:54](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=1614) Post-mortem debugging > It is a tragedy of our domain that we do not debug post-mortem, routinely.
    • Heisenbug (when the act of observing the problem, hides the problem)
    • [@31:11](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=1871) > What’s going on in the system? It’s not crashing, there’s no core dump. > But the system is behaving in a way I didn’t expect it to, and I want to know why.
    • [@33:51](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=2031) Pre-production reliability techniques > All of our pre-production work has gotten way better than it was, and I think that’s > compensation for the fact we can’t understand these systems when we deploy them.
    • [@37:58](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=2278) > The move to testing has in fact obviated some of the need for > what we consider traditional debuggers.
      > (Bryan audibly cringes)
    • [@39:08](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=2348) Automated and Algorithmic Debugging conference AADEBUG 2003
      • HOPL History of Programming Languages > There was a test suite of excellence when it comes to automated program debugging. > And it was some pile of C programs with known bugs, and you would throw your new > paper at it, and it would find 84% of the bugs, and there would be a lot of > slapping each other on the back on that. Really focused on the simplest of simple bugs.
      • [@43:15](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=2595) Bryan’s Postmortem Object Type Identification paper > Who is my neighbor in memory? Because my neighbor just burned down my house basically.
      • mdb’s ::kgrep > I need to pause you there because it’s so crazy, and I want to emphasize that > he means what he’s saying. We look for the 64 bit value, and see where we find it. > This is a game of bingo across the entire address space.
    • We can follow the pointers and propagate types.
    • [@48:49](https://youtu.be/UOucW3F7nCg?t=2929) printf/println debugging – everyone’s doing it > I think it’s a mistake for people to denigrate printf debugging. > If you’ve got a situation that you ca...

    Barracuda 7200.11: broken firmware is broken software! Jun 07, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: June 7, 2021

    Barracuda 7200.11: broken firmware is broken software!

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p (PT) for about an hour. In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers included Laura Abbott, Joshua Clulow, Dan Cross, Bill Blum, Rick Altherr, Tom Lyon, and others. The recording is here.

    (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • The Seagate ST3000DM001
      • class action
    • [@2:01](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=121) Bryan and Adam’s experience
      • Fishworks
      • HGST
      • Bryan is unable to forget SU0D > This thing damn near ruined our lives
      • Broad Institute
      • The Seagate Barracuda product line. 7200.10, 7200.11
    • [@8:10](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=490) Tough customers
    • [@10:17](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=617) Cargo cultism and bad interview questions
      • What is a Good New Englander? We’re not a hugging people.
    • [@12:35](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=755) Adam and Bryan after Sean Manaea’s 2018 no-no
    • The Gift of the Magi, LBA
    • [@15:11](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=911) Adam torments the interns
    • [@16:41](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=1001) Bill and the HP Z620s
      • The Wisdom of James Mickens
    • [@19:21](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=1161) Rick’s story
      • Fast and loose firmware source control
      • Western Digital’s Sparta drive, flying too low
    • [@25:34](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=1534) Need for open source firmware (see also: Bryan explains why proprietary firmware is a problem ~3mins)
      • Vendor gaslighting
    • [@27:48](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=1668) Tom on custom firmware
      • Rent seeking
      • S.M.A.R.T.
      • ADM-3A “dumb terminal”
    • [@32:08](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=1928) Adam’s firmware horror story flashbacks
      • HBA
      • When turning it off and on again isn’t enough: unplug and replug
      • Sun’s ILOM bug
      • Sun’s embarrassing ticker symbol change
    • [@38:10](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=2290) After Sun > Stay the hell away from hardware
    • [@39:55](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=2395) Hard drive API wish list?
      • Adam’s series on APFS > There is no bit rot here..
      • Networking vs Storage. Intermittent, transient failure
    • [@44:40](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=2680) Firmware as differentiator
      • Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR)
      • Microwave-assisted magentic recording (MAMR)
      • see also: Jessie’s Life of a Data Byte surveys storage media tech through history
      • Amazing physics, mediocre firmware. Firmware is software
    • [@48:23](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=2903) The only firmware that didn’t give us problems..
      • Adam on flash: A File System All Its Own, Flash Storage Today, History of SSDs blog entry mentioning sTec and Gnutek
      • sTec aquires Gnutek Ltd
      • The SEC’s complaint against Manouchehr Moshayedi of sTec
      • Channel stuffing
      • See also: Bryan mentions sTec misconduct on the Data Center Podcast
    • [@54:04](https://youtu.be/qisoAIx8EE8?t=3244) Sans firmware?
      • FPGA to ASIC transition article 2011. (aside: treat yourself to this amazing vintage mouse-themed site announcing the same) > It’s when microprocessors show up that all the trouble starts.

    (Did we miss anything? PRs always welcome!)

    Our next Twitter Space will be on Monday at 5p Pacific Time. Join us; we always love to hear from new speakers!


    Silicon Cowboys May 31, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: May 31, 2021

    Silicon Cowboys

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers included Steve Tuck, Tom Lyon, Dan Cross, and others. The recording is here.

    (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • Silicon Cowboys documentary
    • Open by Rod Canion
    • Portable before Compaq, Silent 700
    • Osborne Effect
    • PBS Silicon Valley documentary
    • IBM’s role in Compaq history
    • 80’s Ads: John Cleese, Charlie Chaplin
    • Compaq and iPhone?
    • Decline and Acquisition
    • Something Ventured documentary
    • PRs welcome!

    [@1:25](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=85) Bryan: Have you listened to the Reply All episode “Is the Facebook Microphone On?”

    The truth is actually scarier, Facebook doesn’t need the mic to be on … to read your mind.

    Silicon Cowboys

    [@2:46](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=166) The 2016 documentary “Silicon Cowboys” follows the rise of the Compaq computer company. (IMDb) (Watch the trailer ~3mins)

    I was trying to watch “Halt and Catch Fire” with my kid … and there’s a lot of spontaneous sex breaking out…Fastest to one billion in revenue… fastest to Fortune 500… a meteoric rise

    Open by Canion

    [@7:05](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=425) The 2013 book “Open” by Rod Canion (cofounder and CEO of Compaq): “How Compaq Ended IBM’s PC Domination and Helped Invent Modern Computing.”

    [@10:02](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=602) Steve: Ben Rosen was the venture capitalist who wrote the first check to Compaq, really got them off the ground. On the board for 20 years.

    Their timing was right. The way they did the company was right. And they executed really really well.To go from zero to 50 thousand units, of almost anything, in the time span they did, is incredible.

    [@14:40](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=880) Tom: The thing that really put them on the map was having the portable when nobody else did. And being 100% compatible.

    Those portables were barely luggable, they were huge!Back in a time when there was no network. Being able to pick up your computer and take it to a place, was your network.

    [@16:47](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1007) Steve: A big catalyst for their success was the channel. People were able to pick it up and go, they didn’t need special training.

    [@19:25](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1165) Dad used to bring home the luggable so I could play Space Invaders, and he would work on spreadsheets.

    Portable before Compaq

    [@20:49](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1249) There were portable solutions before Compaq, but for timesharing.

    You had the T.I. Silent 700, in the 70’s, you could tote that home and plug it into the modem.

    Osborne Effect

    [@22:41](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1361) Tom: They killed their company with the famous Osborne Effect

    Bryan and Steve (clearly excited): What was the Osborne Effect!?
    Tom: Pre-announcing the next machine.Telling customers: man, if you love the Osborne 1, just wait till the Osborne 2… So they did!

    [@24:40](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1480) Bryan: Something I found surprising about the history of Compaq was the different organizational approach that they had.

    Early on, before even thinking about what to go do, they were talking about the kind of company they wanted to build.

    PBS Silicon Valley

    [@26:14](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1574) The 2013 PBS documentary “Silicon Valley” tells the story of Fairchild Semiconductor. (Watch chapter one ~17mins)

    [@28:14](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1694) We ask people, when they apply to Oxide, when they’ve been most unhappy in their careers. And it all boils down to people not feeling listened to, not having agency.

    IBM’s role

    [@29:41](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=1781) How much of Compaq’s success is just pure mis-execution from IBM? IBM inadvertently creates this pseudo open architecture, and makes exactly the wrong move in trying to reproprietarize it with the PS/2 and Micro Channel architecture; which is an absolute disaster.

    In many ways the story of Compaq is as much the story of the failed PS/2.It was such a mis-execution to do this analysis on the market and say: we need to grab our existing customers and lock them in, before they slip through our fingers, and in doing so, just hasten their departure.
    And Compaq was in the right spot to pick up the pieces.

    MCA (Micro Channel architecture), ISA, EISA

    [@33:22](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=2002) We were ripping out a bunch of ISA and EISA drivers..

    I am a sacrificial sheep, I can’t possibly go. You are a sacrificial lamb.The machines themselves are anemic, if you want any functionality you go to a third party..
    There were magazines filled with advice on which sound-generating card you should buy.

    IBM PC XT – Hercules graphics card

    [@37:00](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=2220) Driver for Token Ring.

    PCI – SBus – VME – VLB – AGP

    [@40:20](https://youtu.be/faY7kWHQuNE?t=2420) Speaking of Intel, a big part of the Compaq story is what happens with the 386.

    IBM clearly thought Intel would never give some clone manufacturer the first rights to the 386.They went from fast follower to innovator.

    OS/2 supported both 16 bit (for the


    from /proc to proc_macro May 24, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: May 24, 2021

    from /proc to proc_macro

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers included Brian Cantrell (not making that one up!), Nima Johari, Joshua Clulow, Laura Abbott, and Tom Lyon. The recording is here.

    (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • The other Adam Leventhal [1] and the other AHL [2]
    • [@3:16](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=196) Hockey
      • Calder Cup
      • Charlotte Checkers
      • Grand Rapids Griffins
    • [@4:02](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=242) Roger Faulkner invented the /proc filesystem
    • Gerald Ford Presidential Library and Museum
      • Gerald Ford inaugural address (including its most famous line, “our long national nightmare is over”) > I went in a Gerald Ford cynic, and came out a Gerald Ford super-fan
    • Roger’s “The Process File System and Process Model in UNIX System V” paper
    • [@7:43](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=463) “I am on a mission from God to make programs debuggable”
      • AVL trees and linked lists > Performance is the root of all evil.
      • Trace Normal Form
      • Watchpoints, libwatchmalloc > Watchpoints are magical, when they work. It feels like a superpower.
    • [@11:37](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=697) > Roger made this incredible contribution about debugging infrastructure > being an attribute of a production system.
      • strace, truss
      • BONUS: 1986 USENIX: A System Call Tracer in UNIX
      • The ptrace(2) system call
      • ptrace’s overloading of the wait(2) system call
      • The German word that we’re seeking: Misappropriation-of-mechanism-in-a-seemingly-clever way-but-is-ultimately-a-disaster > ptrace is the x86 of system calls
    • [@16:45](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=1005) A long-coming apology..
      • Linux branded zones (LX)
      • “Method and system for child-parent mechanism emulation via a general interface” patent > You have to be bug-for-bug compatible.
      • LX vfork/signal bug that broke golang > vfork: unsafe at any speed, toxic in any quantity
    • [@20:16](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=1216) Upstart’s problematic use of ptrace(2)
      • Celebrating Joshua getting ptrace correct for LX branded zones
      • Stack shenanigans breaking LX
      • Red zone, segmented stacks
    • [@24:39](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=1479) The application was fishing in its own stack..
      • Clozure Common Lisp, mcontext > These kinds of lies just don’t nest. Magic does not layer well.
    • [@28:56](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=1736) Windows Subsystem for Linux WSL
    • illumos on an M1?
      • QEMU, ARM Cortex-M > It’s hard to get the machine really properly emulated
      • AWS Mac minis
    • [@33:55](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=2035) It’s kind of amazing that Apple has never had much interest in the server space.
      • Apple Xserve
      • CHRP
    • The story of the stolen laptop. Little endian PowerPC
      • OpenPOWER
    • [@37:35](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=2255) Language H!
      • NCR
      • Language H: An informal overview ( part 1, part 2)
    • The (other) D language
    • [@39:12](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=2352)
      • AADEBUG’03
      • Postmortem Object Type Identification
    • [@41:31](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=2491) It all comes back to awk
      • Bourne shell source code / Algol68 #defines
      • Thompson shell
    • Bryan’s 2007 Dtrace review, Google TechTalk ~80mins
    • [@48:07](https://youtu.be/85eApYSj3ic?t=2887) Dtrace language inspiration
      • Dtrace clones > It was all based on us exploring some phenomenon, > something being kind of a pain in the ass or impossible, > and inventing something that was easy to use.
      • Architectural review board: “This reminds us a lot of awk..” > What’s the most powerful one-liner you can crank out with awk?
      • CUDA, Bluespec
    • [@52:35](https://...

    golang asserts and the PLATO terminal May 17, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: May 17, 2021

    golang asserts and the PLATO terminal

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers included Adam Jacob, Matt Ranney, Nima Johari, Antranig Vartanian, Joshua Clulow, Tom Lyon, and Bob Mader (and thanks to Jeremy Morris for catching Bob’s profile!).

    (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    We recorded the space, but we had some challenges, and we lost the recording when the first Twitter Space died at around 5:30p. We recorded the second half though; the recording is here.

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • Khan Academy blog entry on Go
    • Adam’s blog entry, I Love Go, I Hate Go > I found novelty in the strictures, but objected to some of the specifics
    • [@2:40](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=160) Go’s assertion assertion
    • The Elm Language
    • [@4:40](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=280) Lionizing Unix > 7th edition is amazing, incredible, a break through.. > and it’s also kind of a shitty engineering artifact that needed a lot of work.
    • [@6:32](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=392) Core dumps
    • [@7:03](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=423) Impromptu PSA:
      • Happy 81st Birthday Alan Kay!
      • Alan Kay tribute video to Ted Nelson, including the story of how Alan Kay and his wife – Bonnie MacBird – were brought together by Ted Nelson, and how PARC inspired her to write TRON (!)
      • Bedknobs and Broomsticks (WAT)
    • [@13:18](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=798) Brian Dear’s The Friendly Orange Glow
      • The PLATO Terminal
      • Control Data Corp (CDC)
      • Dr. David Gräper’s Grapenotes
      • Empire game
    • [@20:05](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=1205) Write your own lessons in TUTOR
      • Dartmouth BASIC
      • SNOBOL
    • [@23:12](https://youtu.be/8tJEwCvZWsg?t=1392) Dr. David Gräper’s Grapenotes started in 1977
    • Xerox Alto computer

    (Did we miss anything? PRs always welcome!)

    Our next Twitter Space will be on May 24th, 2021 at 5p Pacific! We’ll be kicking off the discussion with Silicon Cowboys (aka the real and sexless Halt and Catch Fire) on the rise of Compaq – and their aspiration to be a different kind of company. Join us; we always love to hear from new speakers!


    A Requiem for SPARC with Tom Lyon May 10, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: May 10, 2021

    A Requiem for SPARC with Tom Lyon

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space weekly on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. In addition to [@bcantrill](https://twitter.com/bcantrill) and [@ahl](https://twitter.com/ahl), speakers included special guest Tom Lyon plus Joshua Clulow, Dan McDonald, Dan Cross, Tom Killalea, Theo Schlossnagle, Antranig Vartanian, and [@perlhack](https://twitter.com/perlhack).

    We recorded the space; the recording is here.

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • [@2:06](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=126) SPARC 30th anniversary dinner > SPARC was an amazing achievement for its time, > but there were some nasty trade-offs made.
    • [@2:56](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=176) illumos announcement on the end of SPARC support
      • SPARCstation 2
    • [@4:37](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=277) “There is no photography allowed in the bring-up lab” story
      • SPARCstation 1 (code-named Campus) > They bricked their first CPU..
    • [@6:23](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=383) UltraSPARC-II E-cache parity error
    • [@8:51](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=531) Register windows > Most people don’t know, about that first SPARC, > there was no integer multiply or divide..
      > It would trap on the instructions.
    • I feel so decadent, I’ve just been sprinkling multiplications around my code for years.
    • [@9:55](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=595) popc instruction (also called Hamming Weight)
      • IBM Stretch 1961, and the one-of-a-kind IBM Harvest made for the NSA
      • Henry Warren’s 2002 Hacker’s Delight Ch. 5 shows a ~20 instruction algorithm (no branches, only adds/shifts/masks by constants) > Warren: According to computer folklore, the population count function is important to the > National Security Agency. No one (outside of NSA) seems to know just what they use it for, > but it may be in cryptography work or in searching huge amounts of material.
      • According to Agner Fog, Ice Lake performs popcnt with a 3 cycle latency, and Zen 3 with just 1 cycle latency.
      • Phil Bagwell’s 2001 Ideal Hash Trees depend on pop count > Bagwell: Note that the performance of the algorithm is seriously impacted > by the poor execution speed of the POPCT emulation in Java, a problem > the Java designers may wish to address.
        • Persistent versions of Bagwell’s trees are used for the built-in hash maps of Clojure, and in libraries for Scala etc.
    • [@11:39](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=699) This was the debate between Roger Faulkner and Jeff Bonwick: register windows
      • Roger Faulkner (RIP) thought they were horrific
    • [@12:35](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=755) Register fishing: Bryan’s version and Adam’s version > When you want to know the state of some other process, you have to flush > those register windows to memory to be able to recover the stack trace.
      • [@14:30](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=870) Delay slot > We sat around the lunch table talking about how crazy it would > be to have a branch that executed right after a branch.
      • DCTI couple (delayed control transfer instruction)
      • [@15:31](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=931) “Well, the instruction set doesn’t allow that..” story > Bedlam. As far as Solaris kernel discussions go, bedlam.
      • Leibniz vs. Newton
    • [@20:14](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=1214) Annulled branches
    • [@22:17](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=1337) Praise for SPARC
      • SPARC address space identifiers > When we were porting Solaris to x86, and deciding what fraction of the > address space would belong to the kernel vs the user, it felt disgusting to me.
    • [@25:26](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=1526) Software-filled TLB > They just didn’t have the room to cram a hardware page table walk into the chip.
      • MIPS would give you a trap on a VAC conflict (virtual address cache)
    • [@27:34](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=1654) It was slow, it was late, and it had a lot of problems, it was wrong.
      • UltraSPARC-III, code-named “Cheetah” > It’s weird, I compile this thing over and over, and every 80th time when > I compile and run it, it’s 40x slower..
      • UltraSPARC-IV+, code-named “Panther”
    • [@32:17](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=1937) Does the Viking I-cache bug ring a bell?
      • SuperSPARC, code-named “Viking” > You’d have to DC balance the I-cache. If you had too many zeros, > they’d start flipping to ones.
      • E-cache parity error > It was due to everything but high energy particle strikes.
      • Radioactive boron in our SRAM manufacturing process
    • [@38:52](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=2332) “Move it further from the tube” story > When you’re going to have a customer do something, you have to remember there’s > a human being on the other end of that. You cannot have them chasing your theories. > You need to be transparent and honest with them.
    • [@42:25](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=2545) Micron DRAM story
    • [@44:38](https://youtu.be/79NNXn5Kr90?t=2678) High priced consultants and cosmic rays > They literally lined the roof with lead.. and it didn’t change the error rat...

    Mr. Leventhal, Come here I want to see you May 03, 2021
    Show notes

    Oxide and Friends Twitter Space: May 3, 2021

    Mr. Leventhal, Come here I want to see you

    We’ve been holding a Twitter Space on Mondays at 5p for about an hour. Even though it’s not (yet?) a feature of Twitter Spaces, we have been recording them all; here is the recording for our Twitter Space for May 3, 2021.

    In addition to Bryan Cantrill and Adam Leventhal, speakers on May 3rd included Laura Abbott, Nate, Antranig Vartanian, François Baldassari, Tom Killalea, Land Belenky, and Sid?. (Did we miss your name and/or get it wrong? Drop a PR!)

    Before the recording started, we discussed:

    • 2011 Solaris Family Reunion video ~20mins
    • Katie Moussouris’s blog entry on the Clubhouse vulnerabilities
    • Laura’s blog entry on the LPC55 vulnerability
    • Land pointing us to the Atmega 328p MCU in a BK Medical endorectal probe
    • François on the STM32F103 found in Pebble
    • Intel Management Engine

    Some of the topics we hit on, in the order that we hit them:

    • ASPEED BMC chip
    • [@1:24](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=84) So formal correctness is something that I think we are all very sympathetic with. > It’s very laudable, it’s also very hard.
      • From L3 to seL4 What Have We Learnt in 20 Years of L4 Microkernels? (paper)
      • Who guards the guards? Formal validation of the Arm v8-m architecture specification (paper) > Hardware architecture is an area where formal verification is more tenable, > a level you can readily reason about.
    • Our challenge is how can we satisfy our need for formalism without getting too pedantic about it. You don’t want to lose the forest for the trees.
      A system we never deliver doesn’t actually improve anyone’s lives, that’s the challenge.
    • [@5:20](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=320) Journal club experiences
      • Bootstrapping Trust in Modern Computers (book) > [@9:45](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=585) > We’ve tried to build a culture of looking to other work that’s been done. > Not because everything’s been done before, but because you don’t want to have to > relearn something that someone has already learned and talked about.
        > If you can leverage someone’s wisdom, that’s energy well spent.
    • [@11:46](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=706) When systems repeat mistakes, engineers feel deprived of agency: “I suffered for nothing.” > Engineering is this complicated balance between seeing the world as it could be, > and accepting the world as it is. > As you get older as an engineer, it’s too easy to no longer see what could be, > and you get mired in the ways the world is broken. You can become pessimistic.
    • Caitie McCaffrey on Distributed Sagas: A Protocol for Coordinating Microservices (video ~45min)
    • [@14:17](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=857) It’s dangerous to live only in the future, detached from present reality. Optative voice
    • [@16:45](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=1005) At Oxide, we ask applicants “when have you been happiest and why? Unhappiest?” Interesting to see that unhappy is all the same story: we were trying to do the right thing and management prevented it. > When I was younger and maybe more idealistic and willing to charge at the windmills, > I stayed too long with a company. > All the developers that interviewed me were gone by the time I got there. > I should have walked out the door, but I was too young and didn’t know better.
    • [@18:43](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=1123) “How do you and your cofounder resolve conflicts?” > I don’t want to hear about how you don’t have conflicts, tell me about how you resolve them.
    • Folks aren’t able to walk away, they’ve got this commitment both to the work and to their colleagues.
      I’ve been a dead-ender a couple of times, I’ll go down with the ship.
    • [@20:28](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=1228) In “Soul of a New Machine” (wiki) Tom West says he wants to trust his engineers, but that trust is risk. > I just love that line: that trust is risk. > That’s part of the reason some of these companies > have a hard time trusting their technologists, > they just don’t want to take the risk.
    • People are so not versed in how to deal with conflict, and there’s nothing scarier than salary negotiation.
    • They need you, that’s why you’re here, you’ve made it all the way through the interview to this point, you’ve got leverage, now’s the time to use it.
    • [@23:04](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=1384) Oxide: Compensation as a Reflection of Values > It takes the need for negotiation out, > because it replaces it with total transparency.
    • Sometimes it’s not about what you’re getting paid, it’s about what the other person is getting paid. Not wanting to get taken advantage of.
    • It’s a social experiment for sure.
    • [@28:07](https://youtu.be/h-WSU3kiXVg?t=1687) Steve Jobs famously tried this at NeXT: pay was transparent but not equal.
      • History of compensation at NeXT (wiki) (quora post) > I think that’s the worst of both worlds, a recipe for disaster.

    If we got something wrong or missed something, please file a PR! Our next Twitter space will likely be on Monday at 5p Pacific Time; stay tuned to our Twitter feeds for details. We’d love to have you join us, as we always love to hear from new speakers!


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