Owens Recovery Science: BFR's Tip of the Spear

Latest Episodes:

BFR Management of Tennis Elbow Oct 20, 2026

Show notes

Summary
This episode explores the potential of blood flow restriction therapy as a solution for lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow. Experts discuss mechanisms, recent studies, and practical protocols for using BFR to improve outcomes in tendon rehabilitation.
Keywords
blood flow restriction, tennis elbow, lateral epicondylitis, tendinopathy, rehab, vascular remodeling, pain relief, muscle strength, clinical studies
Key Topics
Mechanisms of blood flow restriction in tendon healing
Recent clinical studies on BFR for lateral epicondylitis
Protocols and practical applications of BFR in rehab
Vascular and muscular adaptations from BFR
Pain relief and fear avoidance in tendon rehab
Chapters
00:00 Introduction and episode overview
02:50 Understanding lateral epicondylitis and current treatments
03:17 Blood flow restriction as a potential solution
04:27 Case studies and anecdotal evidence of BFR effectiveness
06:09 Personal experiences and clinical observations
09:15 Mechanisms of BFR in tendon and vascular health
12:32 Physiology of tendinopathy and tissue response
17:18 Protocols and practical considerations for BFR application
20:01 Vascular remodeling and blood flow changes
23:53 Pain relief and fear avoidance mechanisms
31:36 Summary of clinical studies and outcomes
40:13 Future research and ongoing trials
52:22 Concluding thoughts and practical recommendations

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Decision Making with BFR in Adolescents with Nick Giampetruzzi, PT of Connecticut Children's Health Oct 06, 2026

Show notes

Summary

In this episode, Nick Giampetruzzi from Connecticut Children's shares insights on the use of blood flow restriction therapy in adolescent orthopedics, addressing common concerns, clinical practices, and recent research findings. In this episode, Nick Giampetruzzi shares insights on the use of blood flow restriction therapy in adolescent ACL rehabilitation, discussing timing, criteria, and future research directions.

Keywords
Blood Flow Restriction, Adolescent Orthopedics, ACL Rehabilitation, Clinical Practice, Pain Management, Growth Plates, Return to Sport, Pediatric Therapy Blood Flow Restriction, ACL Rehabilitation, Adolescent Sports Medicine, Physical Therapy, Recovery Metrics

Takeaways
Start BFR as early as three days post-op to optimize recovery.
Discontinuation criteria often include limb symmetry index and patient tolerance.
Use multiple metrics, including limb symmetry and body weight, for assessing readiness.
Monitor patient response and adjust protocols based on individual progress.
Future research aims to refine protocols and expand understanding of BFR in youth.
Chapters
00:00 Introduction and guest overview
01:12 Introduction to BFR in Youth ACL Rehab
01:52 Nick Giampetruzzi's background and research journey
04:02 The evolution of BFR in adolescent orthopedic practice
06:02 Key findings from the clinical survey on BFR use
07:57 Addressing concerns about growth plates and safety
09:51 Tolerance of BFR in pediatric patients
11:57 Timing and criteria for BFR application post-surgery
13:49 Pain management and patient comfort with BFR
16:00 Implications for long-term athletic development
18:03 Future research directions and clinical guidelines
36:21 Early Post-Op BFR Application and Scheduling
37:24 Discontinuation Criteria and Limb Symmetry Index
38:41 Monitoring Progress and Protocol Adjustments
44:07 Limitations of Limb Symmetry Index and Alternative Metrics
46:34 Testing and Measurement Timing
49:53 Strength Outcomes and Control Group Findings
55:37 Affordable Testing Tools and Practical Measures
01:02:38 Future Research and Ongoing Trials
Paper Discussed on Pod

Giampetruzzi N, Butler LS, Prue J, Greenberg E. Factors affecting clinical decision making for blood flow restriction training in pediatric and adolescent patients following anterior cruciate ligament injury. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2026;21(7). doi:10.26603/001c.163281

ACL Dashboard Mentioned by Nick
https://acldashboard.com/

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Managing Knee Osteoarthritis with Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Sep 16, 2026

Show notes

Episode 84 - Summary
This episode explores the latest research on blood flow restriction therapy for knee osteoarthritis, highlighting effective protocols, clinical implications, and long-term outcomes. Experts discuss how BFR can be a game-changer in managing knee OA and delaying surgery.

Keywords

blood flow restriction, knee osteoarthritis, BFR protocols, rehab, muscle strength, pain management, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analysis
Key topics

Blood flow restriction (BFR) protocols for knee osteoarthritis
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses supporting BFR efficacy
Optimal pressure and session frequency for BFR
Long-term outcomes and maintenance of benefits
Reducing knee pain and improving function with BFR
Impact of BFR on muscle strength and hypertrophy
Clinical guidelines and patient management strategies
Adverse events and safety considerations in BFR

Takeaways

BFR at 60% limb occlusion pressure with fatigue-based sets is effective.
12-week BFR programs can significantly improve pain, function, and strength in knee OA.
Long-term follow-up shows sustained benefits and reduced need for injections.
Proper screening and individualized pressure settings are crucial for safety.
BFR can delay or prevent the need for total knee replacement.

Free Download: The ORS Guide to Knee OA Management with BFR

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/guides/

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Bringing BFR to the NFL: Geoff Kaplan, PT, ATC Aug 31, 2026

Show notes

Summary: Episode 83
In this episode, Geoff Kaplan, PT, ATC, SCS, CSCS shares his extensive experience in NFL sports medicine, focusing on his pioneering use of blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy and its evolution from rehab to performance enhancement. Discover how BFR has transformed athlete recovery and performance strategies in professional sports.
Keywords
Blood Flow Restriction, NFL, Sports Medicine, Athlete Recovery, Performance Enhancement, Geoff Kaplan, BFR Evolution, NFL Sports Science
Chapters

(00:00) - Johnny introduces Geoff Kaplan and sets up the BFR story
(05:05) - Growing up in New Jersey and choosing sports PT after multiple shoulder surgeries
(06:02) - Why Wisconsin fit his PT and athletic training plan
(07:26) - Combining athletic training with PT to work at the “tip of the spear”
(07:53) - First NFL break with the Green Bay Packers internship
(09:20) - Returning to New Jersey, then getting the call from the Houston Oilers
(10:40) - Taking the Oilers internship for $3.25 an hour and living at the facility
(12:36) - The LA Raiders offer and the Oilers matching it the next day
(14:03) - Houston to Tennessee and the move from Oilers to Titans
(15:00) - Joining the Texans and building collaboration between rehab and performance
(16:26) - Johnny’s first BFR exposure at the Center for the Intrepid
(17:58) - Geoff’s view of the Jadeveon Clowney rehab case
(19:54) - Why the Veterans Day ESPN coverage helped push BFR into NFL awareness
(20:23) - From “why isn’t this frontline?” to standard rehab equipment
(21:56) - Clowney’s non-weight-bearing rehab and preserving thigh size with BFR
(23:24) - Return to play and the long-term impact on career longevity
(24:37) - Walt Lowe’s progressive, outside-the-box surgical thinking
(26:07) - How BFR spread to every player and became a staple in Houston
(28:00) - Transitioning BFR into the performance side and the weight room
(29:48) - How player trust and visible effort make BFR easy to sell
(31:36) - IPC, recovery programming, and why the research drove adoption
(33:15) - The cost and portability advantage of BFR units
(34:39) - Using BFR on game weeks, pregame, and warm-ups
(36:15) - Why Geoff considers BFR and dry needling the major breakthroughs of his era
(38:21) - Final take: BFR as a tool that helps players get back to what they love

Quotes

“If you have a dumbbell, if you have a barbell, if you have a game rating machine, you need to have a BFR unit.”

“If you’re not utilizing BFR, then you are behind the times.”

“We are hacking people’s physiological systems.”

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Why the Standard 30/15/15/15 BFR Prescription Doesn't Work for Anybody (Exactly) Aug 17, 2026

Show notes

Brendan Scott on Blood Flow Restriction, Rep Variability, and Better Exercise Prescription
Kyle Kimbrell speaks with Brendan Scott, associate professor at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, about the evolving science of blood flow restriction, or BFR. Brendan has spent the last decade researching BFR across resistance training, walking, and other exercise modes, and the conversation focuses on what actually seems to work, where the evidence is still thin, and how practitioners can prescribe BFR more intelligently.
They also dig into Brendan’s recent work on repetitions in reserve after low-load BFR exercise, why some people can blast through far more reps than expected, and why simple one-size-fits-all prescription tables break down in real practice.

Keywords
Blood Flow Restriction, Systemic Hypoxia, Exercise Prescription, Resistance Training, Aging, Neural Adaptations, Blood Flow, Performance, Rehabilitation
Key topics

Brendan’s path into BFR research through a PhD focused on systemic hypoxia and resistance exercise
The difference between true systemic hypoxia and altitude training masks that mostly just make breathing harder
Why BFR remains more practical and more potent than systemic hypoxic methods for most exercise applications
The updated panorama paper Brendan co-led, which mapped the major BFR exercise modalities and showed where evidence is strong versus still developing
Why resistance exercise and aerobic exercise have the best support, while many newer BFR applications still need stronger evidence
Brendan’s work on BFR walking in older adults, including a trial comparing 75 minutes per week with BFR to 150 minutes without BFR
Why upper extremity cycle ergometry with BFR is still an open question and may need better dosing
The idea that cuff pressure can function like another way of prescribing load, especially when exercise demand changes
The reps in reserve study showing major error when people estimate how many reps they have left after low-load BFR exercise
Why muscular endurance, pain tolerance, and individual variability explain much more of BFR performance than 1RM alone
Brendan’s current work on building a better regression model to predict loads for BFR sets aimed at 75 reps
Ongoing research into neural adaptations with BFR using transcranial magnetic stimulation

Timestamps
(00:00) Introduction to Brendan Scott and his BFR research background
(02:08) How Brendan got interested in blood flow restriction during his PhD
(05:16) Why the BFR idea started from a practitioner observation at Newcastle
(06:44) What altitude masks do and why they are not true hypoxic training
(07:23) How systemic hypoxia is actually created in research and training
(08:17) Why high-load BFR is probably a dead end
(09:17) Why systemic hypoxia is weaker than BFR as a stimulus
(10:31) Why altitude exposure can also reduce appetite and muscle mass
(11:43) The purpose of the updated panorama paper on BFR prescription
(13:36) Why BFR research still has hype around newer, smaller evidence bases
(16:57) BFR walking in older adults and the ongoing RCT results
(18:24) Small but meaningful effects from BFR walking across the literature
(19:53) Why upper body arm cycle ergometry was used for neural measurements
(21:50) How cuff pressure was chosen and why pilot work matters
(22:57) Pressure as another way of prescribing load in BFR
(24:28) Why BFR prescription needs to balance pressure, load, cuff width, and tolerance
(26:52) Why the reps in reserve study was done
(27:38) The study design: 20%, 30%, and 40% 1RM with 60% AOP
(28:18) What reps in reserve means and why it works better near failure
(28:48) The major error in reps in reserve estimates after low-load BFR
(29:18) The participant who reached 272 reps at 20% 1RM
(30:34) Why 1RM may be a poor match for predicting BFR performance
(31:27) Why muscular endurance may explain more variance than strength alone
(32:48) Other contributors to BFR performance: capillarization and motivation
(33:37) Why local blood flow and oxygenation measures matter
(35:41) Why exercise science often circles back to simple truths
(37:40) Why rep tables can mislead practitioners in low-load settings
(40:11) The current effort to build a better muscular endurance test for BFR
(42:01) How Brendan currently uses 1RM and then adjusts quickly in practice
(44:02) Why BFR can still cause soreness, especially in untrained people
(44:44) Survey data showing many clinicians report DOMS with BFR
(46:16) Why training and familiarity improve perceptual estimates over time
(47:30) Why repeated exposure may or may not improve reps in reserve accuracy
(48:58) Why reaching true failure is important for anchoring perception
(49:57) How pain tolerance and conditioned pain modulation may affect BFR performance
(51:52) Brendan’s current projects on refining the exercise stimulus
(52:21) Building and validating a regression equation for BFR load prescription
(53:38) New work using TMS to study neural adaptations with BFR
(55:27) Where to find Brendan’s work and contact him

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

BFR & IPC for Performance, Rehab, and Health w/ Jamie Burr, PhD Jul 29, 2026

Show notes

In this episode Johnny and Kyle chat with Dr. Jamie Burr, Director of the Human Performance & Health Research Laboratory at the University of Guelph. During this podcast we discuss Dr. Burr and his lab’s work centering on ischemic preconditioning, and blood flow restriction exercise and how it can be used to address the exercise needs of the elite level athlete to person’s managing chronic disease like diabetes. We’re certain you’ll enjoy this chat! Here’s some of the information we discussed during the podcast: Pignanelli, C., Christiansen, D., & Burr, J. F. (2021). Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application. Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020 Bjørnsen, T., Wernbom, M., Kirketeig, A., Paulsen, G., Samnøy, L., Bækken, L., Cameron-Smith, D., Berntsen, S., & Raastad, T. (2018). Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow-restricted Training in Powerlifters. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001775 Ferguson, R. A., Mitchell, E. A., Taylor, C. W., Bishop, D. J., & Christiansen, D. (2021). Blood-flow-restricted exercise: Strategies for enhancing muscle adaptation and performance in the endurance-trained athlete. Experimental Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP089280 Morley, W. N., Coates, A. M., & Burr, J. F. (2020). Cardiac autonomic recovery following traditional and augmented remote ischemic preconditioning. European Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04526-y Petrick, H. L., Pignanelli, C., Barbeau, P.-A., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Dennis, K. M. J. H., van Loon, L. J. C., Burr, J. F., Goossens, G. H., & Holloway, G. P. (2019). Blood flow restricted resistance exercise and reductions in oxygen tension attenuate mitochondrial H2 O2 emission rates in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277765 Dr. Burr discussing the work his lab does: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oz0A4M8ajc4&t=98s Cheung, C. P., Slysz, J. T., & Burr, J. F. (2019). Ischemic Preconditioning: Improved Cycling Performance Despite Nocebo Expectation. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1–22. Jean-St-Michel, E., Manlhiot, C., Li, J., Tropak, M., Michelsen, M. M., Schmidt, M. R., McCrindle, B. W., Wells, G. D., & Redington, A. N. (2011). Remote preconditioning improves maximal performance in highly trained athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1280–1286. Crisafulli, A., de Farias, R. R., Farinatti, P., Lopes, K. G., Milia, R., Sainas, G., Pinna, V., Palazzolo, G., Doneddu, A., Magnani, S., Mulliri, G., Roberto, S., & Oliveira, R. B. (2018). Blood Flow Restriction Training Reduces Blood Pressure During Exercise Without Affecting Metaboreflex Activity. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1736.

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

BFR and Type 2 DM with Dominik Pesta, PhD Jul 06, 2026

Show notes

Summary
In this episode, Dr. Dominik Pesta discusses the latest research on blood flow restriction training, mitochondrial function, and their applications in diabetes management and spaceflight. Discover how innovative training modalities can impact health and performance.
Keywords
Blood Flow Restriction, Mitochondria, Diabetes, Spaceflight, Metabolic Health, Exercise Physiology, Vascularity, Visceral Fat, Personalized Medicine
Key topics
Blood flow restriction training (BFR) and its effects
Mitochondrial function and biogenesis in muscle and fat tissue
Applications of BFR in diabetes management and spaceflight
Vascular remodeling and angiogenesis from BFR
Visceral fat reduction and metabolic health improvements
Measurement techniques for mitochondrial function
Gene expression and transcriptional responses to training
Implications for personalized exercise prescriptions
Guest name
Dr. Dominik Pesta (Specia Investigate
Chapters
00:00 Introduction and Guest Introduction
02:16 The Significance of the Recent BFR and Diabetes Paper
03:30 Impact of the Paper in High-Impact Journals
04:11 Challenges in Physical Therapy Research
05:54 Dominik Pesta's Background and Research Focus
08:24 Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes and Spaceflight
11:15 Parallels Between Metabolic Diseases and Astronauts
13:13 Fluid Shifts in Space and Countermeasures
14:35 Measuring Mitochondrial Function in Research
18:26 Mitochondrial Adaptations to Training
22:57 Study Design and Training Protocols
29:17 Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Mitochondrial Changes
33:43 Gene Expression and Vascular Remodeling
39:28 Future Directions and Applications in Space and Medicine
45:27 Closing Remarks and Next Steps
Resources
Trinks N, Gancheva S, Pützer J, et al. Blood-flow restriction resistance training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 2026;0(0). doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2025.12.016
Guest links
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominik-pesta-54b75658/
Research Profile - https://www.dlr.de/en/me/about-us/departments/metabolism-and-human-performance

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Why is Kyle so negative about eccentrics? Jun 29, 2026

Show notes

Summary
In this episode, Kyle, Johnny, Zach, and Ben dive into the nuances of eccentric exercise, BFR, and muscle physiology. They explore myths, mechanisms, and practical applications for training and rehab.
Keywords
eccentric exercise, BFR, muscle damage, hypertrophy, physiology, training, rehab, muscle fibers, ECM, repeated bout effect
Key topics
Eccentric exercise and its effects on muscle damage and hypertrophy
The role of blood flow restriction in training and rehab
Myths and misconceptions about eccentric exercise
Muscle fiber recruitment and the skeleton crew theory
Repeated bout effect and muscle resilience
Chapters
00:00 Reunion and Introduction of Topics
02:35 Exploring Eccentric Exercises and BFR
07:03 Understanding Eccentric vs. Concentric Exercises
14:41 The Science Behind Muscle Damage and Eccentrics
20:18 Understanding Eccentric Muscle Damage
22:44 The Repeated Bout Effect in Exercise
27:35 Mechanisms Behind Muscle Resilience
32:33 Eccentric Exercise and Load Context
36:32 BFR and Eccentric Training Synergy
42:21 Crossover Effects in Eccentric Training
Resources
Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage - Proske, U., & Morgan, D. L. (2001). Muscle damage from eccentric exercise: mechanism, mechanical signs, adaptation and clinical applications. J Physiol, 537(Pt 2), 333-345. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00333.x
Nuzzo, J. L., Pinto, M. D., Nosaka, K., & Steele, J. (2023). The eccentric:Concentric strength ratio of human skeletal muscle in vivo: Meta-analysis of the influences of sex, age, joint action, and velocity. Sports Med, 53(6), 1125-1136. doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01851-y
Lovering, R. M., & De Deyne, P. G. (2004). Contractile function, sarcolemma integrity, and the loss of dystrophin after skeletal muscle eccentric contraction-induced injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 286(2), C230-8. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00199.2003
Behringer et al. (2017) — high-load eccentric BFR to failure; the volume-confound cautionary tale.
Jones et al. (2022) — eccentric hamstring BFR vs. high-load eccentric; 6-week crossover.
Sudo et al. (2015) — eccentric BFR via electrical stimulation, rat model; S6K1 signaling

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

The Myth of Fatty Infiltration with Dr. Brian Feeley of UCSF Jun 15, 2026

Show notes

Summary
Dr. Brian Feeley discusses his groundbreaking research on mitochondrial transfer in muscle regeneration, fatty infiltration, and the potential of blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy to enhance recovery and reduce pain. Explore the science behind FAPs, ischemia-reperfusion, and innovative therapeutic strategies.
Keywords
muscle regeneration, mitochondrial transfer, fatty infiltration, FAPs, BFR, ischemia-reperfusion, muscle injury, orthopedics, regenerative medicine
Key Topics
Mitochondrial transfer in muscle cells
Role of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in fatty infiltration
Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy and ischemia-reperfusion injury
Mechanisms of muscle regeneration and fibrosis
Potential clinical applications of mitochondrial transfer
Chapters
00:00 Introduction and Background of Dr. Brian Feeley
03:45 The Mito Lab and Research Interests
06:53 Understanding Fatty Infiltration in Muscles
10:00 Mitochondrial Transfer and Its Implications
12:48 Ischemia-Reperfusion and BFR Studies
16:05 Mouse Study on Mitochondrial Transfer
18:53 Functional Outcomes and Muscle Recovery
24:55 Understanding Muscle Recovery and Pain Reduction
28:16 The Role of Muscle Fiber Types in Recovery
29:11 Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Regeneration
31:48 The Hormetic Response and BFR Mechanisms
34:29 Passive vs. Active BFR in Rehabilitation
37:05 Challenges in Clinical Trials for BFR
39:54 Practical Applications of BFR in Sports Medicine
Resources
MITO Lab - Muscle Injury and Translational Orthopedics Lab - https://feeleylab.ucsf.edu/
The paper we discuss -
Milan N, Wague A, Sang L, et al. Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Stimulates Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer and Improves Muscle Regeneration and Shoulder Function in a Murine Rotator Cuff Injury Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026;54(5):1114-1125. doi:10.1177/03635465261424875
Guest links
UCSF Profile - https://profiles.ucsf.edu/brian.feeley
6-8 Weeks Podcast - https://open.spotify.com/show/1MtNPZR7Zjkx2wjErWITuk?si=58d36ad4209c477c
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-feeley-81122a233/

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

Mind the Gap: Build a BFR Bridge with Mark Murphy, PT Jun 01, 2026

Show notes

Summary

In this episode, Mark Murphy from C-SPAR discusses the application of blood flow restriction (BFR) in rehab and performance, sharing insights from his research and clinical practice. We explore protocols for cartilage repair, return-to-play strategies, and innovative research projects at Mass General.
Keywords
Blood Flow Restriction, Rehab, Performance, Cartilage, Return to Play, Sports Science, Research, C-SPAR, Mass General, BFR Protocols
Key Topics
Blood Flow Restriction protocols in rehab and performance
Application of BFR in cartilage repair and post-surgical recovery
Research projects at C-SPAR including long-term follow-ups and MRI studies
Strategies for early intervention and load management in athletes
The role of BFR in enhancing muscle hypertrophy and preventing disuse atrophy
Guest: Mark Murphy, PT, DPT, SCS, CSCS, CPSS
Sound bites
"Time is our most valuable resource in sports medicine"
"10 plus sets per week is essential for muscle growth"
"BFR should be standard practice in cartilage rehab"
Chapters
00:00 Introduction and Podcast Setup
02:54 Moving and Life Changes
05:54 Introducing Mark Murphy and C-SPAR
10:00 Mark's Background and Journey
19:37 BFR in Rehabilitation and Performance
28:09 Practical Applications of BFR
28:32 Innovative Resistance Training Techniques
29:43 Daily Rehabilitation Practices
30:26 BFR Protocols in Cartilage Rehabilitation
35:37 Progressing Rehabilitation with BFR
39:02 Weight-Bearing Activities and Joint Tolerance
41:53 Transitioning from BFR to Heavier Loads
43:39 C-Spar: A Multidisciplinary Approach
45:23 Researching BFR in Patellar Instability
50:18 Future Studies and Collaborations
Resources
C-SPAR - Center for Sports Performance and Research
Delfi Blood Flow Restriction Device
Isokinetic Greece Conference
Murphy M. Blood flow restriction training: A tool to enhance rehabilitation and build athlete resiliency. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2024;0(101022):101022. doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2024.101022

https://owensrecoveryscience.com/

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