Government

Oral Arguments, with Context

Real court arguments, crisp audio, with context. Court recordings can be difficult to follow, and many suffer from poor audio quality. This podcast enhances the audio, provides a brief introduction to each case, and explains legal concepts that may be unfamiliar to some listeners. We hope these enhancements make oral argument recordings easier to understand, more accessible, and more enjoyable to listen to. Recordings come from the courts’ own public releases; Supreme Court timing is derived locally from the Court’s official transcript and audio.

Latest Episodes:

Smith v. Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation — 2d Cir. (Sep 2, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Second Circuit hears Nicole Smith's appeal from the dismissal of her disability-accommodation case against Roswell Park. Her doctor signed a request for a medical exemption from a COVID-19 vaccination requirement but did not explain why vaccination would harm her. The issue is whether Smith alleged enough for her claim to proceed. Two days later, the court affirmed the dismissal. Smith v. Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation (No. 25-1978) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, argued September 2, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/audio/25-1978.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit: https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/oral_arguments.html Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit: https://www.huntcal.com/cal/eventview/USCA2/USCA2?yr=2026&ob=0&obgi=n&tw=100%25&d=2&m=9&s=l&vm=r-h-f-l&id=784737713&obs=1&obgc=ffffff&bg=w Summary order — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit: https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/SUM/25-1978_so.pdf Decision index — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit: https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions.html Appellate docket — Justia: https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca2/25-1978 Related state-court opinion — New York State Unified Court System: https://decisions.courts.state.ny.us/ad3/Decisions/2024/CV-23-0820.pdf Related state-court calendar — New York State Unified Court System: https://www.nycourts.gov/ad3/decisions/calendar/2024/05302024.shtml Former 10 N.Y.C.R.R. § 2.61 — New York State Department of Health: https://regs.health.ny.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/emergency_regulations/Prevention%20of%20COVID-19%20Transmission%20by%20Covered%20Entities.pdf Reasonable-accommodation guidance — EEOC: https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-reasonable-accommodation-and-undue-hardship-under-ada ADA Title I interpretive guidance — eCFR: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XIV/part-1630/appendix-Appendix%20to%20Part%201630 Harvey P. Sanders listing — U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York: https://www.nywd.uscourts.gov/sites/nywd/files/Buffalo%20Mediator%20List%206.24.25.pdf Kathleen H. McGraw profile — Bond, Schoeneck & King PLLC: https://www.bsk.com/people/kathleen-h-mcgraw

Sealed Petitioner v. Sealed Respondent — 5th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Fifth Circuit hears a sealed challenge to the SEC's denial of a whistleblower award. The petitioner published an article concerning alleged misconduct, then filed Form TCR with the Commission. The dispute is whether the original information, or that later submission, had to lead to the successful enforcement action. Sealed Petitioner v. Sealed Respondent (No. 25-60572) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/OralArgRecordings/25/25-60572_09-01-2026.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/oral-argument-recordings/results?docket=25-60572 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/court-calendars/sitting?d=2026-09-01 Redacted whistleblower award order — Securities and Exchange Commission: https://www.sec.gov/files/rules/other/2025/34-104137.pdf Amicus brief — Government Accountability Project and others: https://business.cch.com/srd/Amicus-for-5th-Cir-2026_-Final-Brief032726.pdf 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6 — U.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section78u-6&num=0&edition=prelim 17 C.F.R. § 240.21F-4 — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2025-title17-vol4/pdf/CFR-2025-title17-vol4-sec240-21F-4.pdf J. Michael Connolly — Consovoy McCarthy: https://consovoymccarthy.com/team-member/j-michael-connolly/ Counsel listing — Supreme Court of the United States: https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/24-410.html Opinion search — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/results?docket=25-60572

Dyer v. New Orleans City — 5th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Fifth Circuit hears Dyer v. New Orleans City. New Orleans fire captain Varrick Dyer alleges race discrimination and retaliation. The district court dismissed his retaliation and hostile-work-environment claims, then entered summary judgment for the City on claims involving discipline and a special-operations assignment. The appeal asks whether disputed facts should have gone to a jury. Dyer v. New Orleans City (No. 26-30012) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/OralArgRecordings/26/26-30012_9-1-2026.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/oral-argument-recordings/results?docket=26-30012 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/court-calendars/sitting?d=2026-09-01 Opinion search — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/results?docket=26-30012 Order on motion to dismiss — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702-0.pdf Order on leave to amend — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702-1.pdf Order on discipline claim — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702-2.pdf Final summary-judgment order — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_24-cv-01702-3.pdf DeCorte v. Jordan — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/05/05-31042-CV0.wpd.pdf Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products — U.S. Reports: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-530/pdf/USREPORTS-530-133.pdf

Latu v. Blanche — 9th Cir. (Aug 31, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Ninth Circuit hears Latu versus Blanche, an immigration case involving former Section 212(c). Though repealed, that provision can still offer discretionary relief from removal in some older cases. The argument asks whether the agency's denial involved a legal or due-process error the court may review, rather than a request to reweigh the case. Latu v. Blanche (No. 21-369) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, argued August 31, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/media/2026/08/31/21-369.mp3 Argument page — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/streams-videos/archive?case=21-369&hearingDate=2026-08-31 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/calendar/calendar-week/?date=2026-08-31&loc=SF Former Section 212(c) guidance — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/soriano-final-rule-2001 Immigration-law outline — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/immigration/immig_west/B.%20Relief%20from%20Removal.htm 8 U.S.C. § 1227 — U.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?edition=prelim&num=0&req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title8-section1227 8 U.S.C. § 1252 — U.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1252&num=0&edition=prelim Matter of Khan — Board of Immigration Appeals: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/media/1376251/dl?inline=

NetChoice v. Murrill — 5th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Fifth Circuit considers Louisiana's appeal from an injunction barring enforcement of challenged parts of Act 456 against named NetChoice members. The law requires covered social-media services to verify users' ages, obtain parental consent for minors, and limit certain messaging, advertising, and data practices. The appeal concerns associational standing, the First Amendment, and whether the law's coverage is unconstitutionally vague. NetChoice v. Murrill (No. 26-30016) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/OralArgRecordings/26/26-30016_09-01-2026.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/oral-argument-recordings/results?docket=26-30016 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/court-calendars/sitting?d=2026-09-01 Opinion search — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/results?docket=26-30016&group=flat District-court ruling and order — GovInfo: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-lamd-3_25-cv-00231/pdf/USCOURTS-lamd-3_25-cv-00231-1.pdf Brief of defendants-appellants: https://netchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LA-Opening-Brief_Fifth-Cir.pdf Brief of plaintiff-appellee: https://netchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/NetChoice-Opposition-Brief_Louisiana.pdf Louisiana Act 456 — Louisiana State Legislature: https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1333323 Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission — U.S. Reports: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-432/pdf/USREPORTS-432-333.pdf Steven P. Lehotsky — Lehotsky Keller Cohn: https://lehotskycohn.com/steve-lehotsky-bio

Vargas Rincon, et al. v. Blanche — 9th Cir. (Aug 31, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Ninth Circuit hears the Vargas Rincon immigration petition. Under federal asylum law, harm by private actors can qualify when the home government is unable or unwilling to control them. On review, agency factual findings remain in place unless the record compels a different result. Vargas Rincon, et al. v. Blanche (No. 25-3332) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, argued August 31, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/media/2026/08/31/25-3332.mp3 Argument page — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/streams-videos/archive?case=25-3332&hearingDate=2026-08-31 Case docket — Docket Alarm: https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/US_Court_of_Appeals_Ninth_Circuit/25-3332/Vargas_Rincon_et_al._v._Bondi/ Asylum guidance — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/asylum-withholding-removal-convention-against-torture Immigration-law outline — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/uploads/immigration/immig_west/B.%20Relief%20from%20Removal.htm 8 U.S.C. § 1252 — U.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1252&num=0&edition=prelim Hussain v. Rosen — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2021/01/11/18-70780.pdf

Fischer v. Phillips — 5th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Fifth Circuit hears Fischer versus Phillips. Cyndi Fischer sued Officer Robert Phillips over his fatal shooting of Jesse Fischer following a low-speed pursuit. The district court dismissed the suit at the pleading stage. The appeal asks whether the complaint and videos plausibly show excessive force and whether qualified immunity bars the suit. Fischer v. Phillips (No. 25-11267) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/OralArgRecordings/25/25-11267_09-01-2026.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/oral-argument-recordings/results?docket=25-11267 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/court-calendars/sitting?d=2026-09-01 Opinion search — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/results?docket=25-11267&group=flat Dismissal order — U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-txnd-4_23-cv-01069/pdf/USCOURTS-txnd-4_23-cv-01069-0.pdf Appellate docket — Justia: https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca5/25-11267 District docket — Justia: https://dockets.justia.com/docket/texas/txndce/4%3A2023cv01069/382511 Barnes v. Felix — Supreme Court of the United States: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-1239_onjq.pdf Pearson v. Callahan — U.S. Reports: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-555/pdf/USREPORTS-555-223.pdf James Painter Roberts — State Bar of Texas: https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Template.cfm?ContactID=354180&Section=Find_A_Lawyer&template=%2FCustomsource%2FMemberDirectory%2FMemberDirectoryDetail.cfm James Painter Roberts — State Bar of California: https://apps.calbar.ca.gov/attorney/Licensee/Detail/351449 Jim Jeffrey — State Bar of Texas: https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Template.cfm?ContactID=173479&Section=Find_A_Lawyer&template=%2FCustomsource%2FMemberDirectory%2FMemberDirectoryDetail.cfm Fischer representation record — City of Arlington: https://arlingtontx.granicus.com/MinutesViewer.php?clip_id=4691&view_id=9 Fischer shooting report — CBS News: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/robert-phillips-jesse-fischer-ex-texas-officer-fatal-shooting-after-slow-speed-chase/ Barnes v. Felix analysis — Louisiana Law Review: https://lawreview.law.lsu.edu/archives/3435

Heagney, et al. v. John Paul Mitchell Systems — 9th Cir. (Aug 31, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Ninth Circuit hears Heagney versus John Paul Mitchell Systems. Consumers allege that the company's ‘no animal testing’ labels misled California buyers. A district judge certified a purchaser class. This appeal asks whether exposure to the label, its importance to a reasonable buyer, and damages can be addressed with common proof across the class. It does not decide whether the labels were false. Heagney, et al. v. John Paul Mitchell Systems (No. 25-6818) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, argued August 31, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/media/2026/08/31/25-6818.mp3 Argument page — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/streams-videos/archive?case=25-6818&hearingDate=2026-08-31 Argument metadata — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://oldrbx80f5.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/prod/media/25-6818?hearingDate=2026-08-31 Class-certification order — U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cand-3_23-cv-00687/pdf/USCOURTS-cand-3_23-cv-00687-3.pdf Complaint — U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California: https://www.classaction.org/media/heagney-et-al-v-john-paul-mitchell-systems.pdf Appellant's opening brief — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.schaerr-jaffe.com/wp-content/uploads/260218_19.1_Appellants-Opening-Brief-John-Paul-Mitchell-Systems.pdf Federal Rules of Evidence — U.S. Courts: https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/document/federal-rules-of-evidence.pdf Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals — U.S. Reports: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USREPORTS-509/pdf/USREPORTS-509-579.pdf Hedonic-method reference — U.S. Census Bureau: https://www2.census.gov/ces/wp/2023/CES-WP-23-26.pdf Donald M. Falk — Schaerr Jaffe: https://www.schaerr-jaffe.com/attorneys/donald-m-falk/ Michella A. Kras — Law360: https://www.law360.com/firms/hagens-berman/attorneys/michella-a-kras Class-certification report — Bloomberg Law: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/john-paul-mitchell-class-certified-in-cruelty-free-label-case

United States v. Tekippe — 5th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Fifth Circuit hears United States versus Tekippe. A jury convicted chiropractor Benjamin Tekippe of six counts of health care fraud and one count of wire fraud. The district court sentenced him to seven years in prison. The argument concerns the loss calculation used at sentencing and whether any error affected the sentence. United States v. Tekippe (No. 25-30528) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/OralArgRecordings/25/25-30528_9-1-2026.mp3 Argument record — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/oral-argument-recordings/results?docket=25-30528 Argument calendar — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/court-calendars/sitting?d=2026-09-01 Appeal docket — Justia (PACER-derived): https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca5/25-30528 Post-trial order — U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-laed-2_21-cr-00122/pdf/USCOURTS-laed-2_21-cr-00122-2.pdf Conviction summary — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/louisiana-chiropractor-convicted-health-care-fraud-and-unemployment-insurance-fraud Sentencing summary — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/louisiana-chiropractor-sentenced-seven-years-prison-health-care-fraud-and-unemployment United States v. Hebron — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/11/11-30513-CR0.wpd.pdf United States v. Mesquias — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/20/20-40869-CR0.pdf 2024 Guidelines Manual — U.S. Sentencing Commission: https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/guidelines-manual/2024/GLMFull.pdf 2026 Loss Primer — U.S. Sentencing Commission: https://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/training/primers/2026_Primer_Loss.pdf United States v. Hamilton — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/Opinions/unpub/14/14-10400.0.pdf United States v. Rios — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/Opinions/unpub/14/14-10411.0.pdf SOAP-note reference — National Library of Medicine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482263/ William P. Gibbens — Schonekas, Evans, McGoey & McEachin: https://www.semmlaw.com/attorneys/billy-gibbens/ William P. Gibbens — Louisiana State Bar Association: https://www.lsba.org/documents/CLE/CLE/WCCFlyer.pdf Criminal Division staff directory — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/criminal/media/1459611/dl?inline= Jeremy Sanders filing — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/criminal/criminal-fraud/file/1518781/dl

Guzman-Lopez, et al. v. Blanche — 9th Cir. (Sep 1, 2026) Sep 02, 2026

Show notes

The Ninth Circuit hears Guzman-Lopez versus Blanche. The petition concerns asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture. The argument focuses on the claimed particular social group, the required link between that group and persecution, and whether the immigration judge used the correct specific-intent analysis for CAT. Guzman-Lopez, et al. v. Blanche (No. 25-3463) — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, argued September 1, 2026. Sources: Argument audio — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (public domain, 17 U.S.C. § 105): https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/media/2026/09/01/25-3463.mp3 Argument page — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/cases/streams-videos/archive?case=25-3463&hearingDate=2026-09-01 Argument metadata — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://oldrbx80f5.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/prod/media/25-3463?hearingDate=2026-09-01 Argument video — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NWuSxngSeA EOIR components — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/policy-manual-eoir/part-I/chapter-1-2 Function of the BIA — U.S. Department of Justice: https://www.justice.gov/eoir/policy-manual-eoir/part-III/bia/chapter-1-2 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1 — eCFR: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-V/subchapter-A/part-1003/subpart-A/section-1003.1 8 C.F.R. § 1003.10 — eCFR: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-V/subchapter-A/part-1003/subpart-B/section-1003.10 Matter of M-E-V-G- — Board of Immigration Appeals: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/07/25/3795.pdf Reyes v. Lynch — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2016/11/30/14-70686.pdf 8 U.S.C. § 1252 — U.S. House of Representatives: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1252&num=0&edition=prelim Akosung v. Barr — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2020/08/14/17-72829.pdf 8 U.S.C. § 1158 — U.S. House of Representatives: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1158&num=0&edition=prelim Barajas-Romero v. Lynch — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/01/18/13-70520.pdf 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18 — eCFR: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-V/subchapter-B/part-1208/subpart-B/section-1208.18 Villegas v. Mukasey — U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2008/04/23/0474162.pdf Appellate docket — Docket Alarm (PACER-derived): https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/US_Court_of_Appeals_Ninth_Circuit/25-3463/Guzman-Lopez_et_al._v._Blanche/ Cody Kahoe — State Bar of California: https://apps.calbar.ca.gov/attorney/Licensee/Detail/348858

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