Midrats

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Episode 729: High Summer Free For All, from the CNO, to unmanned systems, to ... Austria? Aug 04, 2025

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Navy’s Plan for Unmanned Systems
Department of Crazy Ideas: How about a cheap inshore fleet? Mark Tempest, 2009.
Buy Fords, Not Ferraris, Jerry Hendrix, 2008
Droning on About Drones, CDR Salamander, 2013
Building the Navy’s Hybrid Fleet, Lieutenant Commander Jack Rowley, Proceedings, July 2025.
The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, Robert A. Heinlein
The Mote in God’s Eye, Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle
Benjamin Kohlmann, Nominated for Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
John Lewis-class replenishment oiler
Cleo Paskal on X
A Death in the Pacific, CDR Salamander, July 2025
Rods From God
Austria Ponders NATO

Summary
In this episode of Midrats, the hosts discuss the current state of the U.S. Navy, starting with the new Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and the challenges he faces in balancing operational needs with budget constraints. They explore the importance of shipbuilding and naval readiness, innovations in technology such as modular attack surface craft, and the role of autonomous systems in enhancing operational capabilities. The conversation also touches on economic considerations in naval strategy, the potential for space-based systems, and the significance of recruitment and training for future naval forces. Additionally, the hosts discuss the role of the Naval Reserve, political dynamics in naval appointments, logistical challenges, and geopolitical considerations in the Pacific, concluding with thoughts on NATO's future and the potential inclusion of Austria.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction
02:05: New CNO and Navy Leadership Challenges
04:57: Shipbuilding and Naval Readiness
09:43: Modular Attack Surface Craft, Drones, and Innovation
16:15: Autonomous Systems and Experimentation
19:23: Risk Management via Distributed Risk
21:32: Economic Considerations in Naval Strategy
22:55: Rods from God: Now More Than Ever
30:18: The Role of the Naval Reserve
33:50: Political Appointments and Their Impact
36:22: More Oilers, Faster
47:28: Saipan, and Geopolitical Considerations in the Pacific
52:52: Austria’s future of NATO?
01:01:46: Conclusion and Recommendations

Episode 728: Non-State Special Operations, with Craig Whiteside and Ian Rice Jul 21, 2025

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On today’s Midrats, we have returning guest Craig Whiteside and his co-author Ian C. Rice joining us to discuss one of the nightmares we all have in the new book coming out this month. He co-authored it with Ian Rice, Non-state Special Operations: Capabilities and Effects.
From the abstract:
Building on previous research on Islamic State special operations, the book develops a theoretical framework surrounding a typology of VNSA (militants, proxies, criminal/cults, and mercenaries) to explore variations of non-state special operations, with multiple cases for each category of actor. Understanding when and why VNSA use special operations provides insights into the inner workings of such groups and how they campaign, and also has implications for the proliferation of special operation forces around the globe and its influence on non-state behaviour. This volume contributes to research on the recent trend of non-state actors surprising, and in some cases humiliating, their state opponents.
Craig is Professor of National Security Affairs at the US Naval War College resident program at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. He is the co-author of The ISIS Reader: Milestone Texts of the Islamic State Movement (2020). He has a PhD in Political Science from Washington State University and is a former U.S. Army infantry officer.
His coauthor Ian is an adjunct Senior Lecturer in the Department of Defense Analysis, Naval Postgraduate School, adjunct faculty member with the College of Distance Education, USMC University, and a guest lecturer with the Royal Danish Defence College. He is a retired U.S. Army officer who served with special operations forces.
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Non-state Special Operations: Capabilities and Effects, by Craig Whiteside and Ian Rice.
Operation Chariot
Defeat Into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942-1945, Field-Marshal Viscount William Slim

Summary
In this episode of Midrats, hosts discuss the complexities of non-state special operations with authors Craig Whiteside and Ian Rice. They delve into the historical context, defining characteristics, and implications of special operations conducted by non-state actors. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the motivations and strategies of these actors, as well as the challenges they pose to state actors. The authors share insights from their new book, exploring the evolution of non-state operations and the need for a nuanced approach to countering them.
Takeaways

Special operations are defined as tactical actions designed to achieve outsized effects.
Historical examples illustrate the long-standing use of special operations by non-state actors.
Understanding the typology of non-state actors is crucial for effective analysis and response.
Prison breakouts are a common tactic used by non-state actors to regain manpower.
Cults and criminal groups can also engage in special operations, often driven by self-interest.
Not all terrorist acts qualify as special operations; criteria must be applied to distinguish them.
The opportunity cost of special operations can be significant for both state and non-state actors.
Mercenaries have a unique role in conducting special operations, particularly in coups.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction to Non-State Special Operations
02:15: Genesis of the Book and Collaboration
05:49: Defining Special Operations
08:43: Historical Context of Non-State Actors
11:36: Analyzing Non-State Actors
18:13: Understanding the Typology of Non-State Actors
23:42: Criteria for Special Operations
28:45: Prison Breakouts as a Tactic
32:13: Cults and Criminal Groups in Special Operations
36:53: Distinguishing Terrorism from Special Operations
43:26: The Cost of Special Operations
49:13: Mercenaries and Coups
52:08: Mindset of Special Operations
58:47: Implications for Future Operations

Episode 727: The Power & Spirit of Camp David, with Charles Ferguson Jul 13, 2025

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Take a break from the heat today to discuss some of the hidden history, and importance, of the Presidential retreat at Camp David with the author of the book, Presidential Seclusion: The Power of Camp David, Charles Ferguson.
After graduating from Georgia Tech and earning his commission, Charles Ferguson served for 11 years in the Submarine force onboard the USS Louisville and as Weapons Officer onboard USS Buffalo with a shore duty at Nuclear Power School in between. He switched to the IRR as Chaplain Candidate while attending seminary at Duke Divinity School and was recommissioned as an Active Duty Chaplain in 2010. As a chaplain he has served with both Navy and Marine Corps commands to include three and a half years as the Chaplain and Historian at Camp David.
Showlink

Presidential Seclusion: The Power of Camp David

Summary
This conversation explores the historical significance and operational dynamics of the Presidential retreat of Camp David. The discussion highlights its origins, the Navy's role in its management, and the unique environment it provides for presidents to make critical decisions. The conversation also delves into the architectural design that facilitates diplomacy, notable guests who have visited, and the personal touches each president has added to the retreat. Additionally, the role of the chaplain and the supportive relationship with the local community are examined, emphasizing the importance of solitude for leaders in high-pressure positions.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction to Camp David's Significance
05:35: The Navy's Role in Camp David's History
10:27: Becoming the Chaplain and Historian at Camp David
15:22: The Origins and Transformation of Camp David
20:38: The Impact of Camp David on Presidential Decisions
29:15: Notable Guests and Diplomatic Encounters at Camp David
30:53: Architectural Diplomacy at Camp David
34:20: Presidential Modifications and Personal Touches
38:04: The Origin of Camp David's Name
40:58: Management and Operations at Camp David
43:13: The Role of the Chaplain
45:25: The Solitude of Leadership
49:32: Community Interactions and Local Support
53:22: Memorable Moments and Staff Contributions
58:14: The Importance of Setting Conditions for Peace
01:00: Future Projects and Closing Thoughts

Episode 726: Pre-July 4th Free For All Jun 29, 2025

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InfantryDort’s comment mentioned at start of the show

Summary
The conversation explores the themes of cultural assimilation, national identity, freedom of speech, and the challenges of civil discourse in contemporary society. The hosts discuss the implications of cultural integration on national security and the importance of leadership in fostering a healthy societal environment. They reflect on the historical context of civil rights movements and the need for a national conversation about current societal issues, emphasizing the value of freedom and the responsibilities that come with it.
Chapters
00:00: Introduction
02:00: Cultural Assimilation and National Identity
09:42: Challenges of Assimilation and Cultural Clashes
14:47: Freedom of Speech and Its Boundaries
20:31: The Role of Universities in Civil Discourse
28:15: Historical Context of Civil Rights and Current Issues
37:49: Protests and Civil Disobedience
47:53: National Security and Military Readiness

Episode 725: Hammer Time Jun 23, 2025

Show notes

What can the world’s most capable maritime and aerospace power do?
The world was reminded this weekend.There is no other place this week’s Midrats could start but the strikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities.
Summary
The conversation delves into the recent Operation Midnight Hammer, discussing its implications for U.S.-Iran relations, the threat of Iranian retaliation, and the strategic military operations involved. The hosts analyze the historical context of U.S.-Iran tensions, the effectiveness of military responses, and the broader geopolitical landscape, including the role of international relations and domestic political reactions. They also touch on naval operations, fleet readiness, and the evolving nature of mine warfare in modern military strategy.
Chapters
00:00: Operation Midnight Hammer: A Historic Overview
05:31: Iran's Nuclear Ambitions and U.S. Response
12:03: The Threat of Iranian Retaliation
18:03: Military Capabilities and Strategic Operations
23:09: The Role of International Relations
29:09: Domestic Reactions and Political Implications
35:08: The Future of U.S.-Iran Relations
41:45: Naval Operations and Fleet Readiness
48:04: Mine Warfare and Modern Naval Strategy
54:47: Concluding Thoughts on Military Success and Future Challenges

Episode 724: The Fictional Officer Corps: From Hornblower to Stark - with Claude Berube Jun 09, 2025

Show notes

Today we’re going to take a friend’s Substack post and turn it into one of the best podcast hours you’ll have this summer…and maybe give you some ideas about books you need to take with you for the July 4th weekend.
From Claude’s May 23rd Substack:
From the gun decks of HMS Indefatigable to the command chair of a futuristic starship, the portrayal of naval officers in fiction has evolved alongside society's changing views of leadership, warfare, and heroism. The archetype of the naval officer has been shaped not only by historical precedent but also by the imaginative needs of authors responding to their times.
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Summary
In this episode of Midrats, Sal, Mark, and Claude Berube discuss the evolution of naval fiction and its impact on leadership. They explore how naval characters in literature reflect societal changes and the complexities of leadership in both historical and modern contexts. The conversation delves into moral dilemmas faced by leaders, the significance of character development, and the challenges of internal rivalries within naval settings. Additionally, they touch on the importance of historical accuracy in fiction and the future of naval literature in a rapidly changing world.
Takeaways

Fiction serves as a unique tool for exploring leadership.
Naval characters in literature evolve with societal changes.
Moral dilemmas are central to understanding leadership.
Internal rivalries can challenge leadership effectiveness.
Historical accuracy enhances the depth of naval stories.
The readership among young people is declining.
Stories about the human condition resonate deeply with readers.
The future of naval literature faces uncertainties.
Understanding the past is essential for shaping future narratives.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction to the Conversation
02:00: The Evolution of Naval Fiction
04:03: Character Development in Naval Literature
13:55: Leadership and Command in Fiction
20:36: Moral Dilemmas in Naval Leadership
25:40: The Future of Naval Literature
28:46: The Evolution of Heroism at Sea
31:06: Leadership Dynamics in Fiction and Reality
35:27: Character Studies in Leadership
41:02: Navigating Internal Rivalries
46:24: The Changing Landscape of Naval Literature

Episode 723: June Free For All - With Lots of UKR Drones Jun 02, 2025

Show notes

Mark and I are back from most of May taking care of business!Time for a MIDRATS!
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Summary
In this episode, Sal and Mark discuss the latest developments in the Russia-Ukraine War, focusing on Ukraine's innovative strategies and the implications for modern warfare. They explore the role of AI in military operations, the importance of strategic home porting, and the vulnerabilities in military infrastructure. The conversation also touches on the future of U.S. defense spending and the need to revitalize America's shipbuilding industry.Takeaways

The Ukraine conflict has highlighted innovative military strategies.
AI is becoming increasingly integrated into modern warfare.
Strategic home porting is essential for national security.
Military infrastructure vulnerabilities need urgent attention.
Dispersing military assets can reduce risk in conflict scenarios.
Revitalizing shipbuilding is crucial for military readiness.
Simplifying the acquisition process can enhance military capabilities.
Caring for military personnel is a priority for effective defense.
Lessons from Ukraine can inform future military strategies.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction and Overview of Current Events
02:11: Analysis of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict
06:35: Technological Advancements in Warfare
12:18: Strategic Homeporting and Military Vulnerabilities
18:42: Lessons from Historical Military Engagements
24:51: Infrastructure and Operational Challenges
32:09: Rebuilding Naval Bases and Infrastructure
34:39: Hardening National Defense and Infrastructure
36:08: Geopolitical Concerns: China and Russia
40:18: Shipbuilding Industry Challenges and Innovations
46:13: Defense Spending and Budget Allocation
50:36: Leadership and Accountability in Defense Programs
53:32: The Future of Warfare and Military Strategy

Episode 722: China's Overseas Bases & the Transition to War, with T.X. Hammes May 05, 2025

Show notes

The People’s Republic of China continues to expand its already well-established contestation of ownership, access, and control of ports throughout the world.
They have done this in parallel with building the world’s largest navy and a diverse set of military capabilities clearly designed with one purpose—defeating the U.S. military in the Indo-Pacific.
Returning to Midrats to discuss this and related topics is be T. X. Hammes.
T.X. is a distinguished research fellow at the Center for Strategic Research, National Defense University. He served 30 years in the U.S. Marine Corps.
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Summary
In this conversation, Sal, Mark, and T.X. Hammes discuss the implications of China's global expansion, particularly its military strategy and naval capabilities. They explore how China is leveraging its control over ports and logistics to challenge U.S. dominance in the Indo-Pacific. The discussion also delves into operational planning assumptions for potential conflict with China, the historical context of long wars, and the challenges facing U.S. military readiness. Innovative solutions for naval warfare, the importance of economic exhaustion and sea control, and the role of mines in modern warfare are also examined. The conversation concludes with thoughts on the future of military technology and the potential for leveraging civilian resources in military operations.
Takeaways

China's global expansion poses significant challenges to U.S. interests.
The U.S. Navy must adapt to China's growing naval capabilities.
China's unconventional use of ports can disrupt global trade.
Long wars are historically common between healthy powers.
U.S. military readiness is not sufficient for a prolonged conflict.
Innovative solutions like missile barges could enhance naval warfare.
Economic exhaustion is a critical factor in long-term conflicts.
Mines could play a crucial role in modern naval strategy.
The focus should shift from platforms to payloads in military planning.
Leveraging civilian resources can enhance military capabilities.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction to China's Global Expansion
02:36: China's Naval Capabilities and Strategic Ports
10:42: Planning Assumptions for Potential Conflict
21:29: Control of the Sea and Economic Exhaustion
30:26: Utilizing Merchant Ships in Warfare
33:27: Investing in Future Military Technologies
35:44: Innovative Solutions for Pacific Defense
40:11: The Role of Unmanned Systems in Modern Warfare
42:57: Lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War
44:59: Adapting Combined Arms for Modern Conflicts
48:44: The Importance of Flexibility in Naval Operations
53:10: Building a Resilient Merchant Fleet
55:57: Exploring New Strategies for Warfare
01:00:50: Future Directions in Military Strategy

Episode 721: Reforming the Pentagon, with Gary Anderson Apr 28, 2025

Show notes

With each new administration, there is opportunity for change and reform. In the new Trump Administration, reform isn’t seen as a secondary effect of a leadership change but as a requirement.What reform options should the new Pentagon leadership explore under the Trump Administration?
Joining us to discuss this and related topics is Gary Anderson, Colonel, USMC (Ret.).
A starting point for our conversation will be his recent article in The American Spectator, Real Military Reform Begins: Will Pete Hegseth be able to reverse our military’s decline.
Gary retired as the chief of staff of the Marine Corps Warfighting Lab. He served as a special adviser to the deputy secretary of defense. He is an adjunct professor at George Washington University.
Summary
In this episode, Sal and Mark engage with Gary Anderson to discuss the current state of America's military, focusing on the need for reform and the implications of the Goldwater-Nichols Act. They explore the challenges facing the Marine Corps and Navy, the importance of revitalizing the defense industrial base, and the recent uptick in military morale and recruitment. The conversation also critiques the Force Design 2030 initiative and emphasizes the need for a more effective military education system and logistics support.
Takeaways

America's military has been adrift for some time.
The rot in military effectiveness goes back decades.
The Goldwater-Nichols Act has had unintended consequences.
Careerism and ticket-punching are detrimental to military readiness.
Morale among military personnel is currently high.
The defense industrial base needs revitalization to keep up with adversaries.
Military education has shifted focus away from essential warfighting skills.
Logistics has been neglected in recent military operations.
War games should not be used to validate military concepts without scrutiny.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction to Military Reform and Change
02:35: The State of America's Military
10:42: Challenges in Military Education and Careerism
18:36: The Need for Honest Feedback in Military Leadership
26:16: Revitalizing the Defense Industrial Base
29:15: Addressing the Crisis in Submarine Maintenance
32:12: Revitalizing the Fleet: Innovative Solutions for Shipbuilding
36:18: The Drone Dilemma: Quality vs. Quantity in Warfare
41:04: Logistics in Modern Warfare: Lessons from the Past
45:17: Morale in the Military: A Shift in Attitude
51:15: Leadership Changes: Navigating New Directions
54:00: Accountability in Military Decisions: The Need for Integrity
58:44: War Games and Military Strategy: The Importance of Honest Analysis

Episode720: Sen. Tim Sheehy on the Challenges and Opportunities Revitalizing the Navy Apr 22, 2025

Show notes

Many frustrated by the perceived lack of understanding of our nation’s maritime heritage requirements want new leaders with fresh ideas, unburdened by legacy entanglements. It is hoped that a younger cohort with military experience, preferably naval, in the House of Representatives and the Senate who bring to the job an additional background in business and industry will emerge to promote constructive change.
Today’s guest fits the bill perfectly: the new Senator from Montana, Senator Tim Sheehy.
Tim Sheehy is a father, husband, combat veteran, patriot, and an entrepreneur. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy class of 2008 with a B.S. in History, Tim completed several deployments and hundreds of missions as a US Navy SEAL Officer and Team Leader, deploying to Iraq, Afghanistan, South America, and the Pacific region. Tim was honored to serve alongside many American heroes and was involved in dozens of engagements with enemy forces, earning him multiple combat decorations. Additionally, Tim completed a joint tour with Army Special Operations forces where he was privileged to complete US Army Ranger School and serve alongside the 5th Special Forces Group, 75th Ranger Regiment and other units within US Army Special Operations Command.
Tim completed his active duty service as a mini submarine pilot and navigator specializing in sensitive undersea operations. After his active duty service, Tim fulfilled reserve duty as a recruiter and assessor for future naval officers. Tim was honorably discharged from the Naval Reserve in 2019.In 2014, Tim founded Belgrade-based Bridger Aerospace with all of his savings and an all-veteran team. Under his leadership, Bridger Aerospace and its sister company, Ascent Vision Technologies experienced rapid growth and created hundreds of Montana jobs. Ascent Vision Technologies was acquired by CACI in 2020, and Bridger Aerospace went public on the NASDAQ in 2023.
Tim sits on the Senate Armed Services, Veterans’ Affairs, and Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee.
Summary
In this conversation, Senator Tim Sheehy discusses his journey from Naval Academy graduate to U.S. Senator, emphasizing the need for a new generation of leaders in the maritime domain. He highlights the importance of revitalizing the Navy, addressing challenges in shipbuilding, and fostering bipartisan support for maritime strength. The discussion also touches on the need for innovation in naval strategy and acquisition processes, advocating for a shift in mindset towards risk-taking and adaptability in the face of modern challenges.
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Takeaways

Tim shares his journey from the Naval Academy to the Senate.
The importance of revitalizing the Navy is highlighted.
Challenges in shipbuilding and acquisition processes are discussed.
Bipartisan support for maritime strength is crucial.
Innovation in naval strategy is necessary for future readiness.
Quantity in naval assets is as important as quality.
A new shipbuilding paradigm is needed to meet modern demands.
Risk-taking should be encouraged in military leadership.
The Navy's historical context is essential for understanding current challenges.

Chapters
00:00: Introduction to Maritime Challenges and New Perspectives
12:47: Senator Tim Sheehy's Journey: From Navy to Politics
18:44: Revitalizing the Navy: Challenges and Opportunities
24:37: Acquisition Paradigms and the Future of Naval Strategy

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