JAND Editor-in-Chief Linda Snetselaar, PhD, RDN, LD, FAND talks with Holly Nicastro, PhD, MPH with the Office of Nutrition Research at the National Institutes of Health about precision nutrition, a framework in research and practice that considers multiple, synergistic levels of influence: dietary habits, genetic background, health status, microbiome, metabolism, food environment, physical activity, socioeconomics, psychosocial characteristics, and environmental exposures. The primary goal is to optimize metabolic response in individuals or population subgroups through tailored dietary approaches to promote health and prevent and treat disease.