JAMA Clinical Reviews

Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease Oct 28, 2024

Peptic ulcer disease affects approximately 1% of the population in the US, and H pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease. Author Nimish Vakil, MD, a gastroenterologist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, discusses current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Strategies for Helping Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs Oct 21, 2024

High prescription costs are a major barrier to the optimal treatment of many health conditions. Prescribers need tools to help patients find the lowest drug costs. Author Hussain S. Lalani, MD, MPH, MSc, of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Anne R. Cappola, MD, ScM, to discuss "Strategies to Help Patients Navigate High Prescription Drug Costs." Related Content:

Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Options for HIV Oct 14, 2024

Even though highly effective medications are currently available to prevent HIV, there are about 1.3 million new infections worldwide each year. Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH, of the University of California San Francisco joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. Related Content:

Update on Over-the-Counter (OTC) Contraception Oct 09, 2024

In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Opill, a daily progestin-only oral contraceptive for over-the-counter sale to people of all ages. Daniel Grossman, MD, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure Oct 02, 2024

Selection of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and timing of dialysis initiation are influenced by patient symptoms, laboratory trajectories, patient preferences, and therapy cost and availability; shared decision-making is key. Jennifer E. Flythe, MD, MPH, from the University of North Carolina, discusses dialysis for chronic kidney failure with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS. Related Content:

Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Failure

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Sep 26, 2024

Chronic spontaneous urticaria affects approximately 1% of the general population worldwide, impairs patients’ quality of life, and is associated with multiple comorbidities. Pavel Kolkhir, MD, discusses the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Sep 16, 2024

Community-acquired pneumonia is associated with approximately 740 000 hospitalizations and 41 000 deaths in the US annually. JAMA Review authors Scott A. Flanders, MD, and Valerie M. Vaughn, MD, MSc, discuss diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations Sep 09, 2024

Infestations by ectoparasites such as scabies, bedbugs, and body lice are common. Diagnosis requires history, including social drivers of health such as living environment, and physical examination. Author Aileen Y. Chang, MD, MSPH, of UCSF, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, to discuss Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations: A Narrative Review. Related Content:

Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations

Acute Pericarditis Sep 05, 2024

Pericarditis accounts for up to 5% of emergency department visits for nonischemic chest pain in North America and Western Europe. JAMA Review author Paul C. Cremer, MD, MS, discusses the recommended treatments for acute pericarditis and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Treatment of Pericarditis

JAMA Highlights From ESC 2024 Sep 02, 2024

JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo reviews 4 JAMA trials presented at this year’s European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress on antihypertensive continuation before elective surgery, potassium supplementation after cardiac surgery, pulmonary vein isolation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation, and a triple-drug combination pill for resistant hypertension in Africa.

Correction: an earlier version of this podcast contained an error in the conclusion of the TIGHT K trial summary, which has been updated. Related Content:

Renal Cell Carcinoma Aug 28, 2024

Renal cell carcinoma has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 2.3% for men and 1.3% for women in the US. Affected patients in early stages can have >94% cancer-specific survival. Author William Y. Kim, MD, of the University of North Carolina joins JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, to discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of renal cell carcinoma. Related Content:

Renal Cell Carcinoma

USPSTF Recommendation: Iron Deficiency During Pregnancy Aug 20, 2024

Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Genital Herpes Aug 14, 2024

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection that is caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 and may result in ulcers, neonatal herpes infection, and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Author Christine Johnston, MD, University of Washington, discusses herpes infection and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content:

Genital Herpes

Perioperative Management of Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulant Medications Aug 12, 2024

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are commonly used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Author James D. Douketis, MD, from McMaster University discusses with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, the management of DOACs in patients undergoing an elective or emergency surgery or procedure. Related Content:

Perioperative Management of Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Obesity in Adolescents Aug 05, 2024

About 20% of adolescents in the US are living with obesity. Author Aaron S. Kelly, PhD, of the University of Minnesota Medical School joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss Obesity in Adolescents: A Review. Related Content:

Obesity in Adolescents

Heat-Related Illness and Athletes Jul 25, 2024

Exertional heat illness at its extreme may cause heat stroke and altered mental status (confusion, delirium, stupor, or unconsciousness), which can result in organ failure and death. Author Francis G. O’Connor, MD, MPH, discusses heat-related illness in athletes, including risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and management, with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Current NWS Forecast Related Content:

Heat-Related Illness in Athletes

Obesity Medications Jul 22, 2024

New weight-loss drugs have transformed care for people with obesity. In this Clinical Reviews podcast, Robert F. Kushner, MD, MS, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss prescribing these drugs to improve health outcomes and minimize adverse effects in people with obesity. Related Content:

Medications for Obesity

Medical Practice and Climate Change Jul 17, 2024

Medical practice accounts for 8% of carbon emissions in the US. Author Wendy Levinson, MD, discusses simple changes that clinicians can make to reduce adverse effects of health care on the climate and the environment with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Essential Tremor Jul 08, 2024

Essential tremor is a common movement disorder. Author Binit B. Shah, MD, of the University of Virginia joins JAMA Deputy Editor Christopher C. Muth, MD, to discuss the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of essential tremor, including pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and surgical treatments. Related Content:

Essential Tremor

Why Should Insurers Care About Clinical Trials? Jul 01, 2024

The US is a global leader in introducing new medical products, but the ability to generate evidence to inform clinical practice in postmarket settings must improve. Insurers may have an important role to play. Robert M. Califf, MD, of the US Food and Drug Administration, discusses why and how payers could support evidence generation with JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Why Evidence Generation Should Matter to Payers and How They Can Help

Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease Jun 26, 2024

What are the common signs and symptoms of celiac disease and how is this disease diagnosed and managed? Author Kerstin Austin, MD, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, discusses this and more with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease

Hospital Gun Restrictions Jun 26, 2024

Hospitals are on the frontlines of the US gun violence epidemic, both through the treatment of shooting victims and as sites of firearm violence. At least 240 shootings occurred on US hospital grounds from 2000 to 2016 alone. Author Joseph Blocher, MPhil, JD, from Duke Law School talks about this and more with JAMA Network Open Editor in Chief Frederick P. Rivara, MD, MPH. Related Content:

USPSTF Recommendation: Interventions for High BMI in Children and Adolescents Jun 18, 2024

Interview with John M. Ruiz, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Management of BMI in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Low-Dose Corticosteroids for Critically Ill Adults With Severe Pulmonary Infections Jun 12, 2024

Severe pulmonary infections are a leading cause of death in adults worldwide. Romain Pirracchio, MD, MPH, PhD, of the University of California-San Francisco, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, to discuss Low-Dose Corticosteroids for Critically Ill Adults With Severe Pulmonary Infections. Related Content:

Low-Dose Corticosteroids for Critically Ill Adults With Severe Pulmonary Infections

Managing Depression in Adults Jun 10, 2024

Approximately 9% of US adults experience major depression each year, with lifetime prevalence nearly 17% for men and 30% for women. Effective first-line depression treatments include forms of psychotherapy and medication. Close monitoring significantly improves likelihood of treatment success. Gregory E. Simon, MD, MPH, discusses depression treatment with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Management of Depression in Adults

Homelessness and Health Care Jun 05, 2024

Homelessness is detrimental to health and clinicians can play an important role in mitigating the deleterious effects of homelessness. Margot Kushel, MD, University of California, San Francisco, discusses this and more with JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Health Care for People Experiencing Homelessness

USPSTF Recommendation: Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Jun 04, 2024

Interview with Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Treatments to Decrease Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Illness May 30, 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common infection that may cause severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. Kathleen A. Linder, MD, of the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, discusses therapies to prevent severe RSV illness with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content:

Chronic Pruritus May 29, 2024

Chronic pruritus, defined as itch lasting more than 6 weeks, affects approximately 22% of people in their lifetime. In this JAMA clinical review podcast, dermatologist Daniel C. Butler, MD, from the University of Arizona College of Medicine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss evaluation and management of chronic pruritus. Related Content:

Chronic Pruritus

The Federal Trade Commission’s Role in the Oversight of Drug Companies May 20, 2024

The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) oversight role in the pharmaceutical market is critical to the health of patients and the health care system. Aaron Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, discuss the FTC’s policies and legal actions related to alleged misconduct, consolidation, and anticompetitive behavior in the pharmaceutical market. Related Content:

Federal Trade Commission Actions on Prescription Drugs, 2000-2022

Financial Incentives for Weight Loss in Men With Obesity May 14, 2024

Do text messages with or without financial incentives increase weight loss in men with obesity? Pat Hoddinott, MB, BS, PhD, of Stirling University talks with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, about the results of a randomized clinical trial that tested whether financial incentives combined with text messaging could help men with obesity lose weight. Related Content:

Text Messages With Financial Incentives for Men With Obesity

Service Animals in Health Care Settings May 09, 2024

Over the last several years there has been a proliferation of assistance animals in health care, including service animals, therapy animals, and emotional support animals. Lisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MSc, of Harvard Medical School and the Health Policy Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss service animals in health care settings. Related Content:

Service Animals in Health Care Settings

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Breast Cancer Apr 30, 2024

Interview with Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA, USPSTF Chair and coauthor of Screening for Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease Apr 22, 2024

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, is associated with progressive dyspnea and results in approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths in the US each year. Toby M. Maher, MD, MSc, PhD, of Keck Medicine of USC, discusses the diagnosis and management of ILD with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Interstitial Lung Disease

Clinical Diagnosis of Dislocated Hips in Newborns Apr 15, 2024

Dislocated hips in newborns can lead to complex surgery, interruption to family life, and premature osteoarthritis. Daniel Perry, MBChb(Hons), PhD, of Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, discusses the clinical diagnosis of dislocated hips in newborns with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Does This Infant Have a Dislocated Hip?

Diagnosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Apr 08, 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present at any age and is associated with immune-mediated damage to multiple organs and increased rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disability. New treatments have been FDA approved. Caroline H. Siegel, MD, MS, discusses this and more with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD. Related Content:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Mar 27, 2024

Falls are common in adults older than 65 years and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults with Karin E. Ouchida, MD, of Weill-Cornell Medical University, and author Cathleen Colon-Emeric, MD, of Duke University. Related Content:

Diagnoses and Treatment of Common Oral Conditions Mar 26, 2024

Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and in some cases, morbidity. Author Eric T. Stoopler, DMD, of Penn Dental Medicine, discusses these 3 common oral conditions with JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS. Related Content:

Common Oral Conditions

USPSTF Recommendation: Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment Mar 19, 2024

Interview with James Stevermer, MD, MSPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis Mar 18, 2024

Arteriovenous access is required for hemodialysis. Charmaine Lok, MD, MSc, of the University of Toronto, discusses the role of primary care clinicians in the care of patients with arteriovenous access with JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS.

Related Content:

Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis

In an earlier version of this podcast Dr Lok was discussing the naming convention of an AV access. As an example of a radiocephalic fistula she said, “a radial cephalic fistula would be connecting an arterial artery to cephalic vein.” She meant to say, “radial artery to cephalic vein.”

Later, while discussing insertion of needles, Dr Lok said, “autogenous graft,” but meant to say “non-autogenous graft.”

Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis Mar 12, 2024

Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population and is associated with impaired quality of life. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis with author Jonathan A. Bernstein, MD, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Related Content:

Allergic Rhinitis

Heart Failure Due to Transthyretin Protein Amyloidosis Mar 05, 2024

Systemic amyloidosis from transthyretin (ATTR) protein is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older people. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of ATTR protein cardiomyopathy with Frederick L. Ruberg, MD, of the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. Related Content:

Cardiac Amyloidosis Due to Transthyretin Protein

Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Feb 27, 2024

What are the long-term outcomes of randomized clinical trials of bariatric surgery compared with medical/lifestyle management for patients with type 2 diabetes? JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses a new study that examines this question and more with author Anita Courcoulas, MD, from the University of Pittsburgh. Related Content:

Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes

Diagnosis and Management of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Feb 20, 2024

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a sudden-onset tachyarrhythmia that can cause palpitations, chest discomfort, and dyspnea. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PSVT with author Paul Zei, MD, of Harvard University. Related Content:

Prevention and Treatment of Severe Food Allergies Feb 13, 2024

IgE-mediated food allergies can be life-threatening. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses prevention and management of severe food allergies with authors Onyinye I. Iweala, MD, PhD, and Yamini V. Virkud, MD, of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Related Content:

Management of Food Allergies and Food-Related Anaphylaxis

Climate Change and Health: A New JAMA Series Feb 08, 2024

Mary McDermott, JAMA Deputy Editor, interviews leading climate scientists and authors Kristie L. Ebi, PhD, MPH, and Jeremy J. Hess, MD, MPH, about effects of climate change on human health and how these effects can be mitigated. Related Content:

Introduction to JAMA Climate Change and Health Series

Thyroid Cancer Feb 06, 2024

About 1.2% of people in the United States will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer at some point during their lifetime. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks with author Laura Boucai, MD, associate professor of Medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center about thyroid cancer. Related Content:

Thyroid Cancer

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders Jan 23, 2024

Interview with Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

How Artificial Intelligence Has Evolved and the Implications for Health Care Jan 16, 2024

The capabilities and risks of various types of artificial intelligence (AI) are markedly different. JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, interviews author Michael Howell, MD, MPH, chief clinical officer at Google, to discuss how AI has evolved and how to understand the problems and possibilities of each iteration. Related Content:

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Jan 09, 2024

Age-related macular degeneration affects approximately 196 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of visual impairment. In this JAMA podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, interviews author Usha Chakravarthy, MD, PhD, Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Related Content:

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

JAMA Editors’ Choice 2023: Clinical Reviews Podcasts Jan 02, 2024

JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, and JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, highlight their selections of top JAMA 2023 Clinical Reviews podcasts. Related Content:

Postpartum Depression Dec 26, 2023

Perinatal mental health conditions are a leading cause of overall and preventable maternal mortality. JAMA Deputy Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses postpartum depression with author Tiffany A. Moore Simas, MD, MPH, MEd, chair of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Massachusetts. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Morton Neuroma, Plantar Fasciitis, and Achilles Tendinopathy Dec 19, 2023

Most people will experience a painful foot or ankle condition at some point in their lives. JAMA Associate Editor David Simel, MD, MHS, discusses diagnosis and treatment of Morton neuroma, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendinopathy with Minton Truitt Cooper, MD, of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Related Content:

Metformin for Diabetes in Pregnancy Dec 12, 2023

The incidence of gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy is increasing and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Denice Feig, MD MSc, professor of medicine at the University of Toronto and Head of the Diabetes and Endocrine in Pregnancy Program at Mount Sinai Hospital, talks with JAMA Associate Editor Tracy A. Lieu, MD, MPH, about metformin for diabetes in pregnancy. Related Content:

Metformin for Diabetes in Pregnancy

Improving Cardiovascular Health During the Postpartum Period Dec 05, 2023

Deaths during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period have increased in the US over the past several years, and approximately 80% of these deaths are considered preventable. JAMA Senior Editor Kristin L. Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc, from Northwestern University about the importance of monitoring and improving cardiovascular health during the postpartum period. Related Content:

Cardiovascular Health in the Postpartum Period

Obesity Management in Primary Care Nov 28, 2023

Obesity affects approximately 42% of adults in the US. Multiple strategies are available to treat obesity, including behavior therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and bariatric surgery. Therapies vary in effectiveness and risks. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, discusses evidence-based obesity treatment with Melanie Jay, MD, MS, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. Related Content:

High-Dose Cryoprecipitate for Hemorrhage After Traumatic Injury Nov 21, 2023

Critical bleeding is associated with a high mortality rate in patients with trauma. JAMA Associate Editor Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc, discuses the results of the CRYOSTAT-2 trial with Nicola Curry, MD, Oxford University Hospitals, and Ross Davenport, PhD, Centre for Trauma Sciences, UK. Related Content:

Early and Empirical High-Dose Cryoprecipitate for Hemorrhage After Traumatic Injury

Over-the-Counter Oral Contraceptive Pills Nov 14, 2023

In July 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first oral contraceptive pill (Opill) that will be available without a prescription. JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, spoke with JAMA Associate Editor Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH, about the use, effectiveness, and potential side effects of Opill. Related Content:

Over-the-Counter Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives

USPSTF Recommendations: Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults and in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years Nov 07, 2023

Interview with John M. Ruiz, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years, and Screening and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Common Knee Problems Oct 24, 2023

Approximately 5% of all primary care visits are related to knee pain. Osteoarthritis (OA), patellofemoral pain syndrome, and meniscal tears are among the most common causes of knee pain. JAMA Senior Editor Karen Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks with David Hunter, MD, PhD, from the University of Sydney, about common causes and first-line treatment of knee pain. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism Oct 17, 2023

Hyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults worldwide and, if untreated, is associated with osteoporosis, heart rhythm abnormalities, heart failure, and increased mortality. JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, speaks with Elizabeth N. Pearce, MD, MSc, of Boston University, about the most common causes, symptoms, and first-line treatments for hyperthyroidism. Related Content:

Hyperthyroidism

Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Oct 10, 2023

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis have recently gotten attention as ways to prevent sexually transmitted infections. JAMA Deputy Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses postexposure prophylaxis using doxycycline (doxyPEP), with Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, professor of medicine and global health at Harvard and medical research director at Fenway Health in Boston. Related Content:

Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Nonhormonal Therapies for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms Oct 03, 2023

Vasomotor symptoms are common during menopause and may have substantial negative effects on quality of life. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses nonhormonal therapies for menopausal vasomotor symptoms with Susan D. Reed, MD, MPH, MS, professor emeritus at the University of Washington and president and CEO of The North American Menopause Society. Related Content:

Nonhormonal Therapies for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

Medical Care for Adults Who Survive Childhood Cancer Sep 26, 2023

Approximately 500 000 adults in the US have survived childhood cancer. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, speaks with Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH, University of Alabama, about common medical problems that occur in adults who have survived a childhood cancer and optimal approaches to medical care for these patients. Related Content:

Clinical Care for People Who Survive Childhood Cancer

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Sep 19, 2023

Interview with Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Ulcerative Colitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management Sep 12, 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon. Individuals with UC have a lower life expectancy and are at increased risk for colectomy and colorectal cancer. However, many new treatments are available. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, speaks to Gilaad Kaplan, MD, MPH, University of Calgary, about the latest information related to this condition. Related Content:

Ulcerative Colitis in Adults

Gestational Diabetes and Long-Term Cardiometabolic Health Sep 05, 2023

There are long-term cardiometabolic health risks for individuals with pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses these risks with Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, PhD, high-risk pregnancy specialist at The Ohio State University. Related Content:

Gestational Diabetes and Long-Term Cardiometabolic Health

USPSTF Recommendation: Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV Aug 22, 2023

Interview with John B. Wong, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Cervical Cancer: The Importance of HPV Testing and Vaccination Aug 08, 2023

Each year approximately 100 000 people in the US are treated for cervical precancer, and about 4000 individuals die from cervical cancer. JAMA Senior Editor Melissa Simon, MD, MPH, and Rebecca B. Perkins, MD, MSc, Boston University School of Medicine, discuss the importance of HPV screening, genotyping and cytology testing, and HPV vaccination. Related Content:

Cervical Cancer Screening

Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Amyloid for Alzheimer Disease Aug 03, 2023

In this interview, dementia expert Gil D. Rabinovici, MD, discusses monoclonal antibodies that target beta-amyloid–-including a recent phase 3 trial of donanemab published in JAMA-–and reviews considerations for their use in patients with Alzheimer disease. Related Content:

USPSTF Recommendation: Folic Acid Supplementation for Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Aug 01, 2023

Interview with Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2023 Guidelines Jul 25, 2023

JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, discusses the latest European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Guidelines on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which were released in June 2023, with Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh. Related Content:

Caring for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents Jul 18, 2023

Interview with Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing Syndrome Jul 11, 2023

The incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol is 2 to 8 people per million annually. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses diagnosis, management, and treatment of this condition with authors Martin Reincke, MD, from University of Munich, and Maria Fleseriu, MD, from Oregon Health and Science University. Related Content:

Cushing Syndrome

Worsening US Maternal Death Rates Jul 03, 2023

The 2021 US maternal mortality rate is more than 10 times the rate of other high-income countries, according to a March 2023 CDC report. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, is joined by Monica McLemore, PhD, MPH, RN, University of Washington, Audra Meadows, MD, MPH, UC San Diego, and Joia Crear-Perry, MD, founder and president of the National Birth Equity Collaborative, to discuss these concerning numbers and why preventable death rates are worsening in the US. Related Content:

USPSTF Recommendations: Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults, and Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults Jun 20, 2023

Interview with Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH, USPSTF chair and coauthor of Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults, and Screening for Anxiety Disorders in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statements. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Fluid Therapy for Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis Jun 13, 2023

JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, speaks with Fernando Zampieri, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Alberta in Alberta, Canada, about fluid therapy in critically ill adults with sepsis. Related Content:

Fluid Therapy for Critically Ill Adults With Sepsis

Health Care Guidelines for Gender-Affirming Care Jun 06, 2023

Transgender and gender diverse persons may desire gender-affirming medical and surgical treatment that can mitigate psychologic distress and reduce suicide risk. JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, MHS, speaks with Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH, University of Chicago, and Tonia Poteat, PhD, PA-C, MPH, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, about the Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 guidelines. Related Content:

Standards of Care for Transgender and Gender Diverse People

Management of Cirrhosis in 2023 May 09, 2023

Cirrhosis affects approximately 2.2 million adults in the US, and the annual age-adjusted mortality of cirrhosis has increased from 2010 to 2021. JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, and Elliot B. Tapper, MD, from the University of Michigan, discuss the diagnostic workup and evidence-based therapies for cirrhosis. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults May 02, 2023

Interview with Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Skin Cancer Apr 18, 2023

Interview with Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Hosted by JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Prediabetes Apr 11, 2023

One in 3 adults in the US has prediabetes. JAMA Associate Editor David L. Simel, MD, interviews Samuel Dagogo-Jack, MD, who is the chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism at the University of Tennessee, about the diagnosis, screening, complications, lifestyle interventions, and medications for prediabetes. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes

Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Mar 21, 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects more than 200 000 people and is associated with >4000 deaths in the US annually. Many people have asymptomatic disease and can be monitored without treatment for long periods. In this podcast, author Mazyar Shadman, MD, MPH, from the University of Washington, Seattle, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, in a discussion about diagnosis and management of CLL. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Mar 14, 2023

Approximately 3 million people in the US have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). JAMA Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, discusses diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF with authors Margaret Redfield, MD, and Barry Borlaug, MD, both from Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Division of Cardiovascular Diseases. Related Content:

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Eliminating Hepatitis C in the United States Mar 09, 2023

More than 2 million individuals in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C, and nearly 15 000 die every year. Antivirals are available but are not reaching the majority of infected individuals. In this Q&A, JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, and Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, discuss a plan to eliminate hepatitis C included in the Biden-Harris 2024 budget proposal. Related Content:

Race-Neutral Estimates of Kidney Function: Enhancing Equity Feb 27, 2023

In January 2023, the US Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network (OPTN) required transplant centers to modify transplant list wait times for Black patients. JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, and L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH, Dinushika Mohottige, MD, MPH, and Tanjala S. Purnell, PhD, MPH, discuss why the OPTN mandate is a valuable model for reforming race-based practices. Related Content:

Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults Feb 21, 2023

Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths annually in the US. JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, interviews Ingo Mellinghoff, MD, PhD, neuro-oncologist and chair of the department of neurology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of various primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Related Content:

Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults

Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms Feb 07, 2023

During the transition to menopause, approximately 50%-75% of individuals experience vasomotor or genitourinary symptoms. JAMA Senior Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and Carolyn Crandall MD, MS, of the University of California, Los Angeles, discuss hormonal and nonhormonal therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms. Related Content:

Management of Menopausal Symptoms

Dr Barnett and Desegregation of The University of Texas Medical Branch in 1949 Feb 06, 2023

Interview with Vanessa Northington Gamble, MD, PhD, author of Dr Herman A. Barnett, Black Civil Rights Activists, and the Desegregation of The University of Texas Medical Branch in 1949: “We Ought to Go in Texas and I Don’t Mean to a Segregated Medical School.” Hosted by Robert Steinbrook, MD, and Raegan W. Durant, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Dr Herman A. Barnett, Black Civil Rights Activists, and the Desegregation of The University of Texas Medical Branch in 1949

Surgical Site Infection Prevention Jan 17, 2023

Deverick John Anderson, MD, MPH, professor of medicine at Duke University and director of the Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, discusses the evidence and appropriate strategies used in the prevention of surgical site infections with JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH. Related Content:

Surgical Site Infection Prevention

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Dec 27, 2022

Anxiety disorders affect approximately a third of adults during their lifetime in the US and are associated with significant distress and impairment. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders with Naomi M. Simon, MD, MSc, professor of the Department of Psychiatry at NYU Grossman School of Medicine.

Related Article(s):

Diagnosis and Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis Dec 06, 2022

Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem causing approximately 300 000 deaths annually. In this podcast, JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, speaks with Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, infectious disease specialist and professor of medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Related Content:

Advances in Treatment and Prevention of HIV Dec 01, 2022

Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD, director of Harvard University’s Center for AIDS Research, talks about recent advances in the treatment and prevention of HIV and discusses HIV in the context of COVID-19 and monkeypox infections. Hosted by JAMA Deputy Editor and Editorial Director for Equity Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ. Related Content:

Phenome-Wide Association Studies Nov 15, 2022

Phenome-wide association studies use large data sets to search for phenotypes associated with specific single-nucleotide variants, investigating whether specific genetic variations may be associated with multiple conditions and traits. In this podcast, JAMA Fishbein Fellow Revital Marcus, MD, discusses phenome-wide association studies with Dan M. Roden, MD, professor of medicine, pharmacology, and biomedical informatics at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Joshua C. Denny, MD, MS, chief executive officer of the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program. Related Content:

Phenome-Wide Association Studies

Treatment of Hypertension in 2022 Nov 08, 2022

JAMA Interim Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, interviews Robert M. Carey, MD, University of Virginia, about his review article on treatment of hypertension in the November 8, 2022, issue of JAMA. Their discussion addresses the clinical consequences of hypertension, as well as nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches to management, including patients with resistant hypertension. Related Content:

Treatment of Hypertension

Medication Abortion Using Mifepristone and Misoprostol Nov 01, 2022

JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, discusses medication abortion as an alternative to a procedural abortion to terminate a pregnancy in an interview with Stephanie Teal, MD, MPH, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and Rebecca Cohen, MD, OB/GYN, University of Colorado.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Cohen serves as an unpaid board member for Cobalt, a reproductive rights advocacy group. No other disclosures were reported.

The Future of Ob-Gyn Training in the US Post-Dobbs Nov 01, 2022

An estimated 45% of accredited US obstetrics and gynecology residency programs are located in states that currently ban or severely restrict abortions. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and JAMA Internal Medicine Deputy Editor Deborah Grady, MD, speak with medical students, program directors, and other specialists in the ob-gyn training community about new restrictions and their effects on ob-gyn education in the US. Related Content:

Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Hannah Nguyen reported that she held leadership positions on Boston University’s School of Medicine chapters of SPA-1 and DREAM. Margaux Zimmerman reported that she held leadership positions on Boston University’s, School of Medicine chapters of ACOG and DREAM. Dr Gariepy reported that she was the Yale Complex Family Planning fellowship director from 2018 to March 2022, for which she received salary support from her institution; taught undergraduate and medical students, ob-gyn residents, and Complex Family Planning fellows; and is a research mentor for Complex Family Planning fellows who received research grants from the Society of Family Planning Research Fund. Dr Gariepy also reported leadership positions on the board of directors for the Society of Family Planning and the Complex Family Planning Fellowship Council and membership with Physicians for Reproductive Health, the National Abortion Federation, and the Society of Family Planning. Dr Steinauer is a member of the Society of Family Planning. Dr Loder reported that she serves as a principal investigator for contraceptive clinical trials for Merck and Sebela Pharmaceuticals Inc, consults for American Medical Students Association, and serves as program director for Complex Family Planning Fellowship, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine. No other disclosures were reported.

Clinical and Legal Dilemmas of Providing Reproductive Health Care After the Dobbs Decision Nov 01, 2022

Michele Bratcher Goodwin, JD (Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy, University of California, Irvine), Molly Meegan, JD (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists), and Lisa Harris, MD, PhD (University of Michigan) discuss how new abortion bans in the US are creating serious legal and ethical dilemmas for clinicians. Hosted by JAMA Legal and Global Health Correspondent Lawrence O. Gostin, JD (Georgetown University). Related Content:

Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Lawrence O. Gostin, JD, is the Legal and Global Health Correspondent for JAMA and Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University. No other disclosures were reported.

Michele Bratcher Goodwin, JD, LLM, SJD is Director of the Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy at University of California, Irvine. No other disclosures were reported. Lisa Harris, MD, PhD, is the F. Wallace and Janet Jeffries Collegiate Professor of Reproductive Health, and Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Michigan. She is also a Professor in the Department of Women’s Studies. No other disclosures reported. Molly Meegan is the Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). No other disclosures reported.

Hypercalcemia—A Review Oct 25, 2022

Hypercalcemia affects approximately 1% of the population. Its presence typically indicates an underlying disorder and requires diagnostic evaluation. In this podcast, JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, interviews Elizabeth Shane, MD, an endocrinologist and professor of medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, about the clinical approach to diagnosing and managing hypercalcemia. Related Content:

Hypercalcemia

Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Oct 04, 2022

In the US, pulmonary embolism (PE) affects approximately 370 000 patients annually and is estimated to cause 60 000 to 100 000 deaths per year. In this podcast, JAMA Senior Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and treatment of PE with Yonathan Freund, MD, PhD, professor of emergency medicine at Sorbonne University in Paris, France.

Related Article(s):

Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatremia Sep 30, 2022

Hyponatremia affects approximately 5% of adults and approximately 35% of hospitalized patients. Even mild hyponatremia can be associated with cognitive impairment; in hospitalized patients, hyponatremia is associated with longer hospital stays and increased mortality. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Nicolaos E. Madias, MD, a nephrologist and professor of medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, about the clinical approach to diagnosing hyponatremia and management of both acute and chronic hyponatremia.

Diagnosis and Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Sep 06, 2022

Myelodysplastic neoplasms, or myelodysplastic syndromes, are diagnosed in approximately 4 of 100 000 people each year in the US and are associated with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 37%. In this JAMA podcast and author interview, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes with Mikkael A. Sekeres, MD, MS, chief of hematology and professor of medicine of the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

Update on Monkeypox Aug 26, 2022

JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses testing, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox infection and the current state of the 2022 outbreak with Carlos del Rio, MD, from Emory University’s Department of Medicine. Recorded August 19, 2022. Related Content:

Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Monkeypox Aug 26, 2022

JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, MSJ, discusses the transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of monkeypox and the 2022 outbreak with Jeannette Guarner, MD, and Carlos del Rio, MD, both of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Emory University’s School of Medicine. Recorded July 11, 2022. Related Content:

A Review of Barrett Esophagus Aug 16, 2022

Barrett esophagus affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide; it's associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Prateek Sharma, MD, a gastroenterologist and professor of medicine at University of Kansas School of Medicine, about the diagnosis, surveillance, and available therapy for patients affected by Barrett esophagus.

Related Article(s):

Barrett Esophagus

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Malaria in the US Aug 02, 2022

Malaria is diagnosed in approximately 2000 people in the US each year. Delay in diagnosis or inappropriate treatment of malaria is associated with increased mortality. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, interviews Johanna P. Daily, MD, MS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, an infectious disease expert and scientist studying malaria, on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of malaria in the US. Related Content:

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Malaria in the US

Life-threatening Conditions During Pregnancy Jul 14, 2022

Pregnancy inherently increases the risk of death, but certain conditions during pregnancy are considered life-threatening. In this podcast, JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, discusses with maternal-fetal medicine specialists William A. Grobman, MD, The Ohio State University, and Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS, University of California, San Diego, the categories of life-threatening conditions, as well as the racial and ethnic disparities associated with pregnancy-associated mortality.

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Sickle Cell Disease Jul 05, 2022

In the US, approximately 100 000 people have sickle cell disease, a chronic condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute and chronic pain, increased rates of stroke and nephropathy, and an average lifespan that is 20 years less than that of the general population. In this podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, interviews review article author Patricia Kavanaugh, MD, on the diagnosis and management of sickle cell disease. Discussion includes a summary of 3 new therapies for sickle cell disease and some of the social, structural, and cultural challenges encountered by patients with sickle cell disease.

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Sickle Cell Disease

A Conversation With Dr Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, JAMA’s New Editor in Chief Jul 05, 2022

In July 2022, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, took on a new role as the 17th editor in chief of JAMA and the JAMA Network. In conversation with Nobel laureate Harold Varmus, MD, Bibbins-Domingo discusses her research background, approaches to leadership in health care, and the critical role that journals play in communication about public health and science. Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Hand Conditions Jun 28, 2022

Carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger are common hand conditions in primary care practice that are associated with pain and disability. In this JAMA podcast, JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, and Kelly Currie, MD, assistant professor in the Washington University Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery in St Louis, Missouri, discuss the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions and other hand problems that are commonly encountered in primary care.

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Common Hand Conditions

Patient Information: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Clinical Trials May 17, 2022

JAMA Associate Editor Ethan Basch, MD, and Melanie Calvert, PhD, from the University of Birmingham, UK, discuss barriers to and strategies for including rigorous patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials, and reflect on Dr Calvert’s recent JAMA paper on related ethical implications.

Effect of Self-monitoring of Blood Pressure on Detection and Assessment of Hypertension During Higher-Risk Pregnancy: The BUMP 1 and BUMP 2 Trials May 03, 2022

JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego, discusses the implications of self-monitoring of blood pressure in higher-risk pregnancies with Richard J. McManus, MBBS, PhD, from University of Oxford, UK, and Lucy C. Chappell, MB BChir, PhD, from King's College London.

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Effect of Self-monitoring of Blood Pressure on Diagnosis of Hypertension During Higher-Risk Pregnancy

Effect of Self-monitoring of BP on BP Control in Pregnant Individuals With Chronic or Gestational Hypertension

Management of Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy

Self-monitoring of Blood Pressure During Pregnancy

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Review May 03, 2022

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common cause of low back pain and disability in older people. Both nonoperative and operative therapies can improve symptoms from spinal stenosis. In this podcast, Jeffrey Katz, MD, MSc, from Harvard Medical School joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary M. McDermott, MD, to discuss current evidence regarding diagnosis and optimal treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, including when to consider invasive therapies for patients with symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Long-term Health Risks Apr 19, 2022

After certain adverse pregnancy outcomes, an individual’s risk for cardiovascular and other diseases increases. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, discusses these complications as indicators of future health problems, who is at risk, and what can be done to improve health for at-risk individuals and populations with Lynn M. Yee, MD, MPH, and JAMA Senior Editor Philip Greenland, MD, from Northwestern University, and Eliza C. Miller, MD, MS, from Columbia University.

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Mitigating the Long-term Health Risks of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

To Prevent Cardiovascular Disease, Pay Attention to Pregnancy Complications

A Review of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Apr 12, 2022

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare condition that requires a thorough workup to evaluate for potential causes and right heart catheterization for definitive diagnosis and decision-making about treatment options. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA review article titled “Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment” with one of the authors, Nicole Ruopp, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine.

Epilepsy Diagnosis and Treatment in Adults Apr 05, 2022

Epilepsy affects approximately 65 million people worldwide and is associated with increased rates of bodily injuries and mortality when not optimally treated. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to eliminate seizures while minimizing adverse effects of antiseizure drugs. JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, and Professor of Clinical Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Andres Kanner, MD, discuss establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy and the use of antiseizure medications for adult patients with epilepsy.

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Treating Epilepsy With Antiseizure Medications

A Review of Antiseizure Medications for Adults With Epilepsy

Acute Cholecystitis Mar 08, 2022

More than 200 000 individuals in the US develop acute cholecystitis annually. The majority of these cases are caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. However, about 5% to 10% of people with acute cholecystitis have acalculous cholecystitis. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article “Acute Cholecystitis: A Review” with one of the authors, JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, who is Chief of the Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Director of the ECMO program, and Director of Global Surgery at University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.

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Acute Cholecystitis

Thrombolytics and Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Mar 01, 2022

Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.Treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke are continuing to evolve. JAMA Associate Editor and vascular neurologist Jeffrey Saver, MD, from the University of California Los Angeles, and JAMA Senior Editor Christopher Muth, MD, discuss 2 articles recently published in JAMA about alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and provide a broader overview of the recent advances and future directions for the use of thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Disease Outcomes and Prevention With Vaccination Feb 22, 2022

Pregnant and recently pregnant individuals who become infected with the COVID-19 virus are at high risk of requiring extra medical care. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego discusses the rapidly evolving data around COVID-19 and vaccine effectiveness and safety as it relates to pregnancy, breastfeeding, and fertility with 3 experts in the field: Laura E. Riley, MD, from Weill Cornell Medicine, Christina Chambers, PhD, MPH, from University of California San Diego School of Medicine-Pediatrics, and Denise Jamieson, MD, MPH, from Emory University.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosures:

Dr Chambers reported receiving research funding from Pfizer-BioNTech to study the safety of its COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy.

Dr Jamieson reported no disclosures.

Dr Riley reported receiving compensation from UpToDate for work on several infections disease cards, receiving royalties from Turner Publishing, and serving on an advisory board for Maven. Dr Riley also reported serving on a CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices workgroup on COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine safety and workgroups for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine of COVID-19 vaccination, without compensation.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes Feb 15, 2022

Acute coronary syndromes are characterized by a sudden reduction in blood supply to the heart, and the syndromes include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (or NSTEMI), and unstable angina. Each year, an estimated more than 7 million people in the world are diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes, including more than 1 million people hospitalized in the US. In this podcast with Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, we bring our listeners up-to-date on these common and potentially serious conditions.

Treatment of Tobacco Smoking Feb 08, 2022

Tobacco smoking is responsible for more deaths in the US each year than any other preventable cause of mortality. Approximately 14% of US adults smoke cigarettes, of whom an estimated 70% want to quit smoking. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article titled “Treatment of Smoking Cessation—A Review” with one of the authors, Nancy Rigotti, MD, who is director of the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center at Massachusetts General Hospital and is a professor at Harvard Medical School.

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Treatment of Tobacco Smoking

Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma Feb 01, 2022

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with potential uncontrolled growth causing destructive bone lesions, kidney injury, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Edward Libby, MD, of the University of Washington, joins JAMA Associate Editor Ethan Basch, MD, of the University of North Carolina, for a discussion of the diagnosis, complications, and management of myeloma, as well as the related conditions of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections Jan 25, 2022

Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the US had a sexually transmitted infection in 2018. Khalil Ghanem, MD, PhD, of Johns Hopkins University joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McDermott, MD, to discuss the newest recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomoniasis.

Evaluation and Management of Patients With Pulmonary Nodules Jan 18, 2022

Pulmonary nodules are commonly found on lung imaging studies. Evaluation and management depends on the size and other characteristics of pulmonary nodules and patient risk factors for malignancy. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses the recent JAMA article “Evaluating the Patient With a Pulmonary Nodule: A Review” with one of the authors, Peter Mazzone, MD, MPH, a pulmonologist and director of the Lung Cancer Program for the Respiratory Institute at the Cleveland Clinic.

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Evaluating the Results of Platform Clinical Trials: A Guide for Clinicians Jan 04, 2022

The last few years have seen a tremendous increase in the conduct of platform clinical trials, a type of randomized clinical trial that can simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple interventions, often in combination, with the available treatments changing over time as more is learned about their effectiveness. Jay J.H. Park, PhD, and Edward J. Mills, PhD, from the University of British Columbia and McMaster University, respectively, join JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, to discuss how clinicians should evaluate the results of platform clinical trials when considering incorporating the results into their clinical practice.

Contraceptive Selection: Incorporating Patient Health, Values, and Preferences Dec 28, 2021

Approximately 87% of US women will use contraception during their lifetime. Stephanie Teal, MD, MPH, from University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, from University of California San Diego, discuss factors to consider during contraception selection, balancing highest effectiveness and lowest risks.

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Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects

Medication Safety During Pregnancy Dec 21, 2021

Nearly all pregnant individuals use at least 1 medication, either prescribed or over-the-counter, during their pregnancy. Denise Jamieson, MD, MPH, professor and chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, joins JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, MS, to discuss the current FDA system and other resources for communicating medication safety data to clinicians.

Current Management of Acute Appendicitis: Antibiotics or Surgical Intervention Dec 14, 2021

Appendectomy remains the first-line therapy for acute appendicitis, but treatment with antibiotics rather than surgery is appropriate in selected patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. JAMA Associate Editor Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, from UNC School of Medicine summarizes this and other aspects of acute appendicitis in adults along with author Theodore N. Pappas, MD, from Duke University Medical Center.

Acute Appendicitis

Management of Acne Vulgaris Nov 23, 2021

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders seen in the outpatient clinic setting. Lawrence F. Eichenfield, MD, of the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, joins JAMA Dermatology Web/Associate Editor Adewole S. Adamson, MD, MPP, to discuss the latest developments in the evaluation and management of acne vulgaris and answer common questions related to acne subtyping, treatment selection, medication side effects, and diet.

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Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia Oct 26, 2021

Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by either decreased iron availability or increased iron requirements after blood loss from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Nabil M. Abou Baker, MD, and Andrew M. Davis, MD, MPH, both of the University of Chicago, join JAMA Deputy Editor Michael Berkwits, MD, MSCE, to discuss the evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and 2020 AGA recommendations for the workup of GI causes, including revised thresholds for ferritin values and the use of upper and lower (bidirectional) endoscopy.

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Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia

How to Interpret and Use a Clinical Practice Guideline Oct 19, 2021

Romina Brignardello-Petersen, DDS, PhD, and Gordon Guyatt, MD, of McMaster University talk with JAMA Executive Deputy Editor Robert Golub, MD, about how to interpret clinical practice guidelines and recommendations, the subject of a recent Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature article in JAMA.

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Care and Treatment of Women After Surgical Menopause Oct 12, 2021

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) causes premature menopause in younger women and is associated with reduced quality of life and cardiovascular, neurologic, and skeletal morbidity and mortality. Ekta Kapoor, MBBS, Associate Professor of Medicine and Assistant Director, Mayo Clinic Center for Women’s Health, joins JAMA Editor Carolyn Crandall, MD, MS, from UCLA Health, to discuss care and treatment of women with early surgical menopause.

Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate? A Rational Clinical Examination Review Sep 21, 2021

Recognizing a potentially difficult intubation can help clinicians prepare for complications by getting assistance from colleagues with airway training and by ensuring advanced airway management equipment is available. Michael E. Detsky, MD, MSHP, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Toronto and the Mount Sinai Health System, discusses findings from a Rational Clinical Examination systematic review identifying physical findings and risk factors that can help predict difficult endotracheal intubation.

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Managing Fluids in Critically Ill Patients Sep 07, 2021

Critically ill patients often require IV fluids for resuscitation but questions remain about the optimal type of IV fluid and best rate of IV fluid bolus infusion. JAMA Associate Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS, discusses a recent clinical trial that examined the effect of 2 different crystalloid solutions and 2 IV fluid bolus infusion rates on ICU patient mortality with Alexandre B. Cavalcanti, MD, PhD, director of the Research Institute HCor in San Paulo, Brazil, and Craig M. Coopersmith, MD, professor of surgery and director of the Critical Care Center at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia.

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USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Aug 24, 2021

Interview with Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

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USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Gestational Diabetes Aug 10, 2021

Interview with Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Screening for Gestational Diabetes

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Cost-effectiveness Analysis for Clinicians Aug 05, 2021

Cost-effectiveness analysis defines trade-offs between costs, harms, and benefits of alternative treatments and combines them into a single metric, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), that can inform decisions about which interventions to recommend when limited resources are available. Gillian Sanders-Schmidler, PhD, professor of population health sciences and medicine at Duke University, explains the method in terms clinicians can understand.

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FDA Regulation and Approval of Medical Devices Aug 03, 2021

Rules for the regulation of medical devices, such as hip prostheses and implantable defibrillators, are complex and differ from those for drugs. Aaron Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH, and Jonathan Darrow, SJD, LLM, JD, MBA, both faculty members in the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham & Women’s Hospital, review device classes and approval pathways used by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and prospects for improvements and reform in the agency’s processes.

Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis Jul 27, 2021

Anabolic drugs activate osteoblasts and are an alternative to bisphosphonates for treating osteoporosis. Kristine Ensrud, MD, MPH, professor of medicine and epidemiology at the University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, joins JAMA Associate Editor Carolyn Crandall, MD, MS, to discuss the role of teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab in the management of osteoporosis.

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Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis

Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Jul 20, 2021

Several new therapeutic drug classes are now available to manage lipid levels. John Wilkins, MD, MS, and Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Division of Cardiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, discuss the use of ezetimibe, PCSK-9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and icosapent ethyl to manage lipid levels in patients taking statins who require additional LDL lowering.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Jul 13, 2021

Alcoholic liver disease is increasing in incidence, especially in younger age groups. Ashwani Singal, MD, MS, professor of medicine at University of South Dakota, reviews the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of alcoholic liver disease, from acute alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility Jul 06, 2021

Approximately 1 in 8 women of reproductive age seek treatment for infertility. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, joins Sandra Ann Carson, MD, of Yale School of Medicine, to discuss causes and clinical correlates of infertility as well as evaluation options and treatment approaches.

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Transcatheter Treatments of Valvular Heart Disease Jun 22, 2021

Transcatheter valve repair has emerged as an important therapeutic option for patients with aortic and mitral valve disease. JAMA Deputy Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, interviews Charles Davidson, MD, clinical chief of Cardiology at Northwestern University, to review the range of indications and procedures now available, including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), valve-in-valve procedures after bioprosthetic valve failure, and mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.

Diagnosis and Clinical Care of Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain Jun 15, 2021

Chronic pelvic pain is a challenging condition that affects an estimated 26% of the world’s female population. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and Georgine Lamvu, MD, of the University of Central Florida, discuss recommendations from consensus guidelines intended to improve the care of women with chronic pelvic pain and to facilitate positive clinical experiences for them.

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General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care Jun 08, 2021

Routine wellness or "checkup" visits are popular with patients and physicians but questions persist about their value, goals, and effective components. JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses the evidence for and against the practice with Jeffrey Linder, MD, MPH, of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Allan S. Brett, MD, of the University of Colorado School of Medicine.

Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Without Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Jun 01, 2021

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8.5 million people in the US and about 230 million worldwide. JAMA Deputy Editor Greg Curfman, MD, interviews Mary M. McDermott, MD, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, to discuss current evidence regarding diagnosis and optimal medical treatment of people with PAD to prevent cardiovascular events, improve walking impairment, and prevent lower extremity ischemic events such as amputation or limb ischemia.

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Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Without Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

USPSTF Recommendation: Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy May 25, 2021

Interview with Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

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USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Colorectal Cancer May 18, 2021

Interview with Michael Barry, MD, USPSTF vice chairperson and author of Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

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Diagnosis and Management of Headache, Part 2 May 13, 2021

Headache disorders are one of the most common reasons patients visit emergency rooms and medical offices. Matthew S. Robbins, MD, associate professor of neurology and neurology residency program director at Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, discusses effective migraine treatment approaches.

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Diagnosis and Management of Headache, Part 1 May 11, 2021

Headache is one of the most common reasons patients visit emergency rooms and medical offices. Matthew S. Robbins, MD, associate professor of neurology and neurology residency program director at Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, discusses the diagnostic approach to headache with a focus on distinguishing migraine from other primary headache disorders.

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Chronic Stable Angina—Diagnosis and Treatment May 04, 2021

Chronic stable angina reduces quality of life and only rarely leads to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Treatment is lifestyle modification to manage atherosclerotic risk factors, with revascularization (eg, PCI or CABG) indicated to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life only once medical therapy is maximized. James De Lemos, MD, professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, summarizes these and other aspects of chronic stable angina management.

USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults Apr 27, 2021

Interview with John B. Wong, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults

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Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome Apr 20, 2021

Dual antiplatelet therapy, typically aspirin and an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, cangrelor), reduces adverse events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but choice of agent and optimal duration may be patient-specific. Umair Khalid, MD, a cardiologist at the Baylor School of Medicine in Houston, discusses how to use these agents in management of ACS.

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Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome

Space Travel and Human Health, Part 2 Apr 13, 2021

Interest in space travel has increased since SpaceX’s first commercial launch to the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2020 and with efforts to send humans to Mars. Serena Auñón-Chancellor, MD, MPH, a physician-astronaut who completed a 6-month mission to the ISS in 2018 and is associate professor of clinical medicine at LSU Health Sciences Center in Baton Rouge and associate program director for the Aerospace Medicine Residency Program at University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston, discusses how the human body and mind adapt to life in space.

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Space Travel and Human Health, Part 1 Apr 06, 2021

Interest in space travel has increased since SpaceX’s first commercial launch to the International Space Station in May 2020 and with efforts to send humans to Mars. Jim Bagian, MD, a physician-astronaut who logged 337 hours in space between 1989 and 1991, is director of the Center for Healthcare Engineering and Patient Safety at the University of Michigan and discusses the effects of space travel on the human body and physiologic readjustments on return to earth.

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke Apr 01, 2021

Shyam Prabhakaran, MD, chairman of neurology at the University of Chicago, discusses the diagnosis and evaluation of patients who present with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke.

Semaglutide for Weight Loss Mar 23, 2021

Semaglutide has recently been shown to induce clinically significant weight loss in patients with obesity that is sustained for as long as the drug is given. Tom Wadden, PhD, from the University of Pennsylvania, discusses results from the series of recent STEP trials and how they compare to the effects of other medications used to treat obesity.

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Authors have declared conflicts of interest related to the article discussed in this podcast. Visit the article on jama.com for the complete disclosure.

A Simple Way to Understand Statistical Multiple Comparison Procedures Mar 09, 2021

Performing repeated statistical comparisons on data can result in false-positive findings. Jing Cao, PhD, associate professor of statistics at Southern Methodist University, explains problems that can arise from multiple testing procedures and how to avoid making false conclusions.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Diagnosis and Treatment Mar 02, 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinical syndrome of vague abdominal pain and cramping associated with diarrhea or constipation. IBS is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a variety of treatments can improve its symptoms. Michael Camilleri, MD, professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, discusses recent advances in the diagnosis and management of IBS.

Advance Directives Feb 26, 2021

Advance directives (ADs) allow patients to express their medical treatment preferences. Patients with ADs are more likely to receive medical care concordant with their wishes and are less likely to die in the hospital than patients without them, but use remains low in the US. Maria Silvera, MD, a palliative care physician and associate professor of medicine at the University of Michigan, and Catherine Auriemma, MD, a fellow in pulmonary/critical care medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, discuss the importance of ADs and strategies to increase their uptake.

Coronavirus Vaccines—An Overview Feb 26, 2021

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are the first of many being tested for widespread use. Buddy Creech, MD, MPH, director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, reviews these and other vaccines likely to become available, including products that use inactivated, protein subunit, and viral vector immunization strategies.

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Vaccinating Nursing Home and Long-term Care Facility Residents for Coronavirus Feb 24, 2021

The CDC coordinated a massive effort to immunize nearly all nursing home and long-term care facility residents in the US against COVID-19 infection in the month after vaccine approval. Ruth Link-Gelles, PhD, MPH, CDC staff epidemiologist and Lieutenant Commander of the US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, describes how.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis—A Review Feb 23, 2021

Highly effective B-cell therapies like rituximab and ofatumumab have changed the outlook for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Alexander Rae-Grant, MD, emeritus professor of neurology at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, discusses recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MS.

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Structural Racism for Doctors—What Is It? Feb 23, 2021

This is Dr Howard Bauchner, Editor in Chief of JAMA and the JAMA Network.

The podcast on structural racism based on the discussion between Dr Ed Livingston and Dr Mitch Katz has been withdrawn. Comments made in the podcast were inaccurate, offensive, hurtful, and inconsistent with the standards of JAMA. Racism and structural racism exist in the US and in health care. After careful consideration, I determined that the harms caused by the podcast outweighed any reason for the podcast to remain available on the JAMA Network. I once again apologize for the harms caused by this podcast and the tweet about the podcast. We are instituting changes that will address and prevent such failures from happening again.

Mask Wearing for COVID-19 Prevention—Summary of CDC Data Feb 10, 2021

Natural experiments comparing coronavirus spread on ships and in hair salons with vs without face masks point to the importance of wearing masks for curbing SARS-CoV-2 spread. John T. Brooks, MD, chief medical officer of the CDC’s COVID-19 response team, reviews recently published epidemiologic data that reinforce the role of mask use for pandemic control.

Osteoarthritis—Diagnosis and Treatment Feb 09, 2021

Philip Cohen, MD, associate clinical professor of internal medicine at UCLA, a primary care internist who also specializes in sports medicine, discusses the primary care management of osteoarthritis.

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Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities Feb 02, 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a major breakthrough in cancer treatment but can have many serious adverse effects. Pankti Reid, MD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine in rheumatology at the University of Chicago, discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors as outlined by the 2019 NCCN guidelines.

Acute Pancreatitis Part 2 of 2: Treatment Jan 26, 2021

Howard Reber, MD, emeritus professor of surgery at UCLA, discusses how to treat acute pancreatitis.

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Acute Pancreatitis Part 1 of 2: Diagnosis Jan 26, 2021

Howard Reber, MD, emeritus professor of surgery at UCLA, discusses how to diagnose acute pancreatitis.

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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Jan 22, 2021

Ethnic and racial minorities have been particularly hard hit with COVID-19 in some communities. Mitchell Katz, MD, president and chief executive officer of New York City Health + Hospitals, and former Los Angeles County health agency director, discusses this problem and what has been learned from COVID-19 that can help resolve the general problem of health care disparities.

Pharmacologic Management of Tobacco Cessation Jan 19, 2021

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the world, but most attempts to quit are unsuccessful. Atul Jain, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Mayo College of Medicine, discusses new guidelines from the American Thoracic Society on pharmacologic management of tobacco cessation, including target population and deciding when to initiate.

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The Winter COVID-19 Surge in New York and Los Angeles Jan 15, 2021

Mitchell Katz, MD, president and chief executive officer of New York City Health + Hospitals, and former Los Angeles County health agency director, discusses causes, similarities, and differences between the spike of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the 2 cities.

Glaucoma Diagnosis and Treatment Jan 12, 2021

Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Joshua Stein, MD, MS, associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Michigan, reviews the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.

Oral Antibiotics for Appendicitis Jan 11, 2021

A new trial reports that a third of emergency department patients presenting with appendicitis admitted for oral antibiotic treatment had outcomes no different from those admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Paulina Salminen, MD, PhD, professor of surgery at the University of Turku in Finland, discusses the findings.

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Understanding the New SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Found in England Jan 08, 2021

Gregory Armstrong, MD, director of the Advanced Molecular Detection Program for the CDC, explains what is currently known about the new mutations of SARS-CoV-2.

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Next Generation Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens in Public Health and Clinical Practice (Repost) Jan 06, 2021

Next-generation sequencing is a catchall term for new, high-throughput technologies that allow rapid sequencing of a full genome. It can be used to sequence a patient’s DNA in diagnosing a genetic disorder or characterizing a cancer, but it can also be used to sequence the genome of a pathogenic bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites. In this JAMA clinical review podcast, we talk with authors Marta Gwinn, MD, MPH, and Gregory L. Armstrong, MD, from the CDC, about how next-generation sequencing of infectious pathogens is being implemented in clinical practice and in public health surveillance for infectious disease.

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Podcast originally published 2/14/19.

COVID-19 Vaccine Safety–Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions Jan 06, 2021

Tom Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA, and Sara Mbaeyi, MD, MPH, from the CDC discuss rare allergic complications in patients who received the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine between December 14-23, 2020.

Patent Foramen Ovale and Secondary Stroke Prevention Jan 05, 2021

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an often overlooked cause of acute ischemic stroke. JAMA Associate Editor Jeffrey Saver, MD, professor of neurology at UCLA, discusses new recommendations from a 2020 AAN Practice Advisory about use of mechanical PFO closure and anticoagulant vs antiplatelet therapy to prevent subsequent strokes in patients with a PFO and an initial event.

Crohn Disease Management Jan 05, 2021

New therapies have greatly improved outcomes for patients with Crohn disease. Peter Higgins, MD, from the University of Michigan, discusses advances in management and treatment protocols.

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Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Variants Dec 31, 2020

Adam Lauring, MD, PhD, from the University of Michigan Division of Infectious Diseases, an expert on the evolutionary biology of RNA viruses, explains the new genetic variants recently found in SARS-CoV-2 and their importance.

Nursing Homes and COVID-19 Dec 30, 2020

Elderly persons and residents of nursing homes have been the hardest hit in the COVID-19 pandemic. Harvard geriatrician Sharon Inouye, MD, discusses the effect COVID-19 has had on nursing homes and what should be done about it.

Managing Chronic Medical Conditions for Homeless Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Dec 22, 2020

Homeless patients with chronic medical conditions who need long-term care often repeatedly present to emergency departments to receive treatment. Following a performance improvement analysis, clinicians at UCSF developed an emergency department–based team who work with the community to provide care for this challenging population. Hemal Kanzaria, MD, and Jack Chase, MD, discuss how UCSF has addressed this clinical problem.

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Parental Relationships with Children During COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Lockdowns Dec 15, 2020

JAMA Fishbein Fellow Kristin Walter, MD, interviews Craig Garfield, MD and Richard Weissbourd, EdD, about parental relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Gyms, Restaurants, Mass Transit, and Community COVID-19 Exposures Dec 10, 2020

Lockdowns resulting from COVID-19 have had a devastating effect on everyone’s personal lives and the economy. What factors in people’s daily lives are most associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission between people? Manish Patel, MD, team lead of the CDC’s Influenza Prevention & Control Team, discusses a study they conducted examining what sorts of activities might be associated with COVID-19 disease transmission.

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The Effect of Cannabis Intoxication on Driving Ability Dec 08, 2020

It is well known that alcohol use severely affects driving ability, but does cannabis? There are many fewer traffic crashes related to cannabis than alcohol intoxication. Johannes Ramaekers, PhD, of the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, discusses his study examining the relationship between vaping THC and driving safety.

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Air Handling Standards for Increasing the Safety of Indoor Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic Dec 07, 2020

Closing businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating consequences for individuals and the economy in general. Proper air handling combined with the use of masks and physical distancing can greatly improve the safety of indoor spaces. Joseph Allen, DSc, MPH, assistant professor of exposure assessment science at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Andrew Ibrahim, MD, assistant professor of surgery and architecture and urban planning at the University of Michigan, discuss air conditioning standards that can substantially reduce the risk of disease transmission in indoor spaces.

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Understanding Permuted Blocks and Stratification in Randomized Clinical Trials Dec 03, 2020

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Randomization in Clinical Trials from the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

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Hearing Loss in Children Dec 01, 2020

Judith Lieu, MD, from the Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery at Washington University in St Louis, discusses the need for screening young children for hearing loss and the importance of treating hearing loss as early in life as is possible.

Health Care Facility Certificate of Need Regulations—Laws That Have Outlived Their Usefulness Nov 24, 2020

Certificates of Need are regulations required by some states before any construction or expansion of services at medical facilities are undertaken. Originally developed to prevent excessive construction of expensive health care facilities, these rules have distorted health care markets and probably should be repealed. Karl Bilimoria, MD, from Northwestern University, Tarik K Yuce, MD, and JAMA Associate Editor Karen Joynt Maddox, MD, from Washington University, discuss the current status of these regulations and their effect on health care markets.

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Hematuria and Bladder Cancer Nov 17, 2020

Mark Litwin, MD, chair of Urology at the UCLA School of Medicine, discusses the evaluation of hematuria and also the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder cancer.

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Elevated Liver Function Tests Following Liver Transplant Nov 10, 2020

There are hundreds of thousands of liver transplant patients, all of whom will be seen in general clinical practices. It is common for them to develop elevated liver enzymes--a potentially serious problem that may be a sign that the transplanted liver is failing. Traditionally, patients with these findings are sent to a liver transplant center for an inpatient workup. A new protocol facilitating management of most of these patients in routine outpatient clinics has been developed, greatly improving the efficiency of managing patients with this clinical problem. Fady Kaldas, MD, director of the Dumont-UCLA transplant center, discusses how to manage elevated liver function results in liver transplant patients on an outpatient basis.

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Using e-Cigarettes to Stop Smoking Nov 10, 2020

Are e-cigarettes helpful or harmful as a tool to help people stop smoking? Mark J. Eisenberg, MD, MPH, from the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University in Montreal, Canada, discuss a recent clinical trial he reported in the November 10, 2020, issue of JAMA examining the efficacy of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.

New Recommendations for How Often to Repeat Colonoscopy Following Polypectomy Nov 06, 2020

A new multisociety guideline was recently released suggesting that for many patients, the interval between colonoscopies following polyp resection is less than previously recommended. Cecelia Zhang, MD, Duke University, and Maylyn Martinez, MD, University of Chicago, discuss the new guideline.

The Effect of COVID-19 on the 2020-2021 Influenza Season Nov 02, 2020

Tim Uyeki, MD, chief medical officer for the Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the 2020-2021 influenza season.

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Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel for Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome? Oct 27, 2020

The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial showed that ticagrelor had better outcomes than clopidogrel for avoiding thrombotic complications following acute coronary syndrome. Subsequent trials suggested that the outcomes for the drugs were about the same. The effects of ticagrelor and clopidogrel were examined in a very large observational study performed by Harlan Krumholz, MD, and colleagues, published in the October 27, 2020, issue of JAMA. Dr Krumholz explains how his study was performed and what it showed.

ohdsi.org

Can We Count on Herd Immunity to Control COVID-19? Oct 19, 2020

Many people are hoping that enough people develop resistance to COVID-19, either from being exposed to the disease or from vaccination, to develop herd immunity that will enable society to return to normal. But will that happen? Saad Omer, MD, from the Yale Institute for Global Health, discusses his JAMA article on herd immunity and how much we can count on having it to return society to normal from this COVID-19 pandemic.

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Ten Things Every New Doctor Should Know About Drug Reactions Oct 13, 2020

David Juurlink, MD, PhD, a clinical pharmacologist and professor of internal medicine at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and professor of medicine at the University of Toronto, discusses 10 things new doctors should know about drugs and thir complications as they start practicing medications in the the fourth and final episode of this series.

Coping With Death Oct 06, 2020

One of the most important things clinicians can do is help patients and their families deal with impending death. Despite its importance, this part of medical care is hardly covered in medical training. Clinicians have to learn this on their own. One of the most powerful ways to find out what it’s like is to go through it yourself. Martin F. Shapiro, MD, professor of medicine at the Weill Cornell School of Medicine, describes along with his sister, Lori Shapiro, what they went through in dealing with their mother’s death. Dr Shapiro relates what he learned to more effectively manage his patients and their families in coping with the end of life.

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Sweden and COVID-19 Oct 02, 2020

Sweden’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic differed from its neighbors in Europe. Lockdowns were minimized with the belief that they would be more damaging than the virus itself. Much criticism was levied at the country regarding these policies. Anders Tegnell, MD, is the head of the Department of Public Health Analysis and Data Management, Deputy Director General at the Public Health Agency of Sweden, and had been Sweden's state epidemiologist since 2013. He discusses what Sweden did in response to COVID-19 and what their outcomes were.

Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Oct 01, 2020

In the 13 years since the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America have issued guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia much has changed, resulting in a new guideline with 16 major recommendations. These are reviewed by Maylyn Martinez, MD, from the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago and JAMA Network Open Associate Editor Angel Desai, MD, from the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Davis.

Intimate Partner Violence Sep 22, 2020

Intimate partner violence--also known as domestic abuse--may affect as many as 1 in 3 women. It’s often underreported but that shouldn’t be the case. Harriet L. MacMillan, MD, from the Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences and Pediatrics at McMaster University, discusses how to identify and intervene in intimate partner violence.

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Failing the Boards—What Happens When the Board Fails Itself? Sep 15, 2020

When trying to administer its qualifying examination during the COVID-19 shutdowns, the American Board of Surgery failed. Jo Buyske, MD, president and chief executive officer of the American Board of Surgery, discusses what went wrong and what they are doing to fix it.

Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Sep 04, 2020

A new clinical trial suggests that obstructive sleep apnea (in patients unable to tolerate treatment with CPAP or other devices) can be treated with airway surgery. The author of the study published in JAMA, Stuart MacKay, MBBS, from the University of Wollongong, Australia, discusses the study and treatments for obstructive sleep apnea.

Understanding Stepped-Wedge Clinical Trials Sep 03, 2020

Cluster randomized trials are performed when an intervention must be delivered to a group of patients like when testing new nursing protocols on award or different means for cleaning beds on a ward. One type of cluster trials is called a stepped-wedge where every cluster in the study ultimately undergoes the intervention. How this works it is explained by Susan Ellenberg, PhD, from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

What Is It Like to Have COVID-19? Sep 01, 2020

COVID-19 continues to rapidly spread throughout the world. In the past few months, the population affected by the disease has shifted from older to younger patients. Public health officials are concerned that younger people seem not to be very compliant with recommendations regarding masking and social distancing. It is believed that younger people think that the adverse consequences of the disease occur in the elderly and not in them. Garrett Salzman, MD, is a resident physician at UCLA and contracted the disease. He is young and healthy, but he has had substantial disability from COVID-19. He tells a cautionary tale of his experience with COVID-19 that this is not a benign disease in young people, that they need to be careful.

Update on Bariatric Surgery—2020 Sep 01, 2020

Bariatric surgery is unequivocally the most effective means for inducing weight loss and managing diabetes for obese patients. There are numerous other benefits for these operations including improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes. David Arterburn, MD, MPH, a senior investigator from the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, discusses bariatric surgery outcomes.

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Update on Ulcerative Colitis—2020 Aug 27, 2020

The new American College of Gastroenterology guideline on ulcerative colitis is discussed by one of its authors, David T. Rubin, MD, from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center at the University of Chicago, and Maylyn Martinez, MD, also from the University of Chicago.

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Managing Acute Pancreatitis Aug 25, 2020

Acute pancreatitis can be a devastating disease. Complications of pancreatitis can be minimized by appropriate early, initial management. Joe Hines, MD, and Raman Muthusamy, MD, from UCLA discuss the recent American Gastroenterological Association guideline on managing acute pancreatitis.

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A Physician Gets Cancer Aug 18, 2020

Patients with serious disease fear the unknown. A physician with a serious disease knows the potential outcomes, making it far more difficult to cope. How does a physician react to developing cancer? Adam Stern, MD, an assistant professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, developed metastatic renal cell carcinoma when he was just 33 years old. He wrote about his experiences as a cancer patient in a Piece of My Mind article in the March 3, 2020, issue of JAMA and spoke about this to JAMA Clinical Reviews.

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The Consequences of Not Vaccinating for Measles Aug 14, 2020

Before COVID-19, even though most children got vaccinated for measles, too many did not, resulting in worsening outbreaks of measles. People forgot how bad a disease measles is and became lax about getting their children vaccinated. Now in the COVID-19 era everyone is aware of what an out-of-control infectious disease can do and we are all anxiously awaiting a COVID-19 vaccine. Will this experience help encourage parents to get their children vaccinated? We discussed the problems of an adequate measles vaccination with Dr. Saad Omer, PhD, from the Yale Institute for Global Health at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

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The Intersection Between Flu and COVID-19 Aug 14, 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world, flu season is almost upon us. This is concerning because there will be an overlap between flu and COVID-19 and patients could get both diseases. Daniel Solomon, MD, from the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital of the Harvard Medical School in Boston, discusses COVID-19 and how the flu might pan out this year.

How to Reopen Schools in the COVID-19 Era Aug 13, 2020

One of the most contentious issues relating to COVID-19 is when to reopen schools. This is a complicated matter because placing people in close quarters risks spread of the disease. Yet children being at home makes it difficult for their working parents to manage their affairs and can potentially affect the learning experience. JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, chief health officer for the University of Michigan, discusses school reopening and how the University of Michigan is addressing this problem.

Why Are We Still Talking About Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19? Aug 13, 2020

The use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 serves as an example of what is wrong with medical information being widely disseminated before it is thoroughly vetted by peer review. Preliminary studies of this treatment modality were spread widely, creating false hope that a treatment for COVID-19 existed. Several randomized trials have shown that hydroxychloroquine is not an effective therapy for COVID-19.

David Juurlink, MD, PhD, from the University of Toronto summarizes the evidence base regarding hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19.

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A Patient’s Perspective on Nonoperative Treatment of Appendicitis Aug 11, 2020

A major study recently published in JAMA showed that many children who have appendicitis do not need surgery and, if they undergo surgery, may have more disability than if they were treated with antibiotics alone. JAMA Clinical Reviews spoke with a patient in the study whose mother happens to be JAMA Associate Editor Preeti Malani, MD, JAMA’s infectious diseases editor and chief health officer for the University of Michigan. This patient initially was treated with antibiotics, later required appendectomy, and discussed the difficulties he experienced following laparoscopic appendectomy.

Updated Pulmonary Embolism Guidelines Aug 11, 2020

The European Society of Cardiology updated its guidelines for pulmonary embolism in 2019. Jonathan Paul, MD, from the University of Chicago discusses what is new in the management of pulmonary embolism based on his August 11, 2020, JAMA Guidelines Synopsis article.

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The Importance of Minimal Clinically Important Differences in Research Studies Aug 06, 2020

Before a study is carried out, it is important to define what is an important difference between groups. This is often not done correctly. Anna McGlothlin, PhD, from Berry Consultants discusses how to assess the minimal clinically important difference in research studies.

Update on Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19 Aug 05, 2020

Few treatments have proven to be effective for treating COVID-19. Recently, a clinical trial reporting the results of dexamethasone for treating COVID-19 was published and has received a great deal of attention in the popular media. Greg Curfman, MD, JAMA Deputy Editor, reviews the study and discusses what the findings do or do not reveal about the efficacy of dexamethasone for treating COVID-19.

Related Article(s):

Missed Opportunities on Emergency Remdesivir Use

Update on Congestive Heart Failure Aug 04, 2020

Congestive heart failure is common and can have devastating effects on patients' quality of life. Until recently few treatments were available, but that has changed. Congestive heart failure management has substantially improved. Hutter Family Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School James L. Januzzi Jr, MD, reviews the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure.

Related Article(s):

Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Treating Pediatric Appendicitis Nonoperatively Jul 27, 2020

Accumulating evidence in adults has shown that nonoperative treatment of appendicitis is an acceptable means for treatment. A recent prospective study published in JAMA has shown the same is true for children. Most children who are treated with antibiotics instead of surgery for appendicitis do just fine. The lead author for this study, Peter Minneci, MD, from the Nationwide Children’s Hospital of the Ohio State Medical School, discusses his work in investigating alternative ways to treat appendicitis.

Perioperative Risk Assessment Jul 21, 2020

Jeffrey Berger, MD, from the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease at the New York University School of Medicine, explains the ins and outs of perioperative cardiovascular risk assessment and management for noncardiac surgery.

Related Article(s):

Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management for Noncardiac Surgery

Drug Treatment for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer Jul 21, 2020

Some of the nearly 40 000 deaths each year in the US from breast cancer might be avoided through use of medications to prevent breast cancer in high-risk women. Patricia Ganz, MD, Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Public Health at UCLA, reviews the evidence underlying chemoprevention of breast cancer and which women might benefit from the drugs.

Related Article(s):

Medications for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Risk Calculators:

https://bcrisktool.cancer.gov/calculator.html https://tools.bcsc-scc.org/BC5yearRisk/intro.htm https://ibis.ikonopedia.com/

Remdesivir and Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19 Jul 20, 2020

Both remdesivir and dexamethasone have been promoted as effective treatments for COVID-19. JAMA Deputy Editor Greg Curfman, MD, and Professor Rachel Sachs, JD, from the Washington University School of Law discuss the science and health policy aspects of these COVID-19 treatments.

Related Article(s):

Missed Opportunities on Emergency Remdesivir Use

How Is COVID-19 Transmitted? Jul 13, 2020

Whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted by droplets or aerosol influences which public health interventions might slow its spread. Michael Klompas, MD, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, explains evidence to date about mechanisms of coronavirus transmission and implications for pandemic containment and mitigation efforts.

Complications From SSRIs Jul 10, 2020

SSRIs are a commonly used medication. Although complications from them are not common because so many people take these medications, physicians will inevitably see problems such as dependence and withdrawal, hyponatremia, bleeding disorders, and even the uncommon but severe SSRI syndrome. To learn about these potential complications, we spoke with David Juurlink, MD, PhD, an internist and clinical pharmacologist at the University of Toronto.

Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Proton Pump Inhibitors Jul 08, 2020

Proton pump inhibitors are among the most commonly used medicines by patients. They’re generally safe, but they can cause acute kidney injury, and it’s important for clinicians to be aware of this potential complication. David Juurlink, MD, PhD, internist and clinical pharmacologist from the University of Toronto, discusses this important potential complication.

Diagnosis and Management of Amyloidosis Jul 07, 2020

Although there are only about 4000 new cases of amyloidosis in the US per year, it can cause preserved ejection fraction heart failure, kidney and liver failure, and neuropathy. Amyloidosis is easily diagnosed and treatable, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for these diseases. Morie A. Gertz, MD, from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, talks with JAMA Clinical Reviews about amyloidosis.

A Clinical Pharmacologist's Perspective on Penicillin Allergy Jul 06, 2020

Although frequently reported, penicillin allergy is actually uncommon. Penicillins are very effective against a wide variety of infections, and when they can't be used, problems arise. We discussed the problem of penicillin allergy with David Juurlink, MD, PhD, internist and clinical pharmacologist from the University of Toronto.

Related Article(s):

Evaluation and Management of Penicillin Allergy

Sample Size Calculation for a Hypothesis Test Jul 02, 2020

One of the most common causes for problems we see in manuscripts at JAMA is an inappropriately calculated study sample size. This seemingly mysterious process is explained by Lynne Stokes, PhD, professor of Statistical Science at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.

Understanding Pragmatic Trials Jun 25, 2020

Generalizability of randomized trials is always limited because of the super-selectivity of the patients enrolled in these trials and the very controlled conditions in which clinical care is delivered. Pragmatic trials are performed in order to provide guidance for how to best deliver clinical care in situations that more closely resemble actual clinical scenarios. Hal Sox, MD, director of peer review for the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), explains how these trials work and what clinical questions they answer.

Overview of Depression Jun 02, 2020

Nearly 10% of all patients seen in primary care have depression. Although usually mild, when depression is severe the consequences can be serious. Tom Garrick, MD, professor of Psychiatry at the University of Southern California, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of depression.

The Effect of Hearing Loss on Cognitive Decline May 19, 2020

Even limited hearing loss might be associated with cognitive decline. If true, early intervention with hearing aids might help people have better cognitive performance. Michael Johns III, MD, online editor for JAMA Otolaryngology, speaks with Justin Golub, MD, assistant professor of otolaryngology at Columbia University, whose research has shown that very mild hearing loss can be associated with cognitive disability.

When she was a teenager Melissa Red Hoffman's father was killed by terrorists. Dr Hoffman recalls her father's death and how that has influenced her career and how she can identify with patients and their families at the most difficult moments.

Read the story:

The Sound of Silence—When There Are No Words

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Ventilatory Management for COVID-Related Respiratory Failure Apr 24, 2020

Management of COVID-19-related respiratory failure differs from what is necessary for ARDS. Rather than having alveolar edema, COVID-19 patients have pulmonary vascular dysregulation. Gas exchange is severely compromised with little reduction in lung compliance. Ventilatory support for COVID-19 patients requires higher than normal tidal volumes with minimal PEEP and allowance for higher than usual serum CO2 levels. How the unique pathophysiology of respiratory failure should be treated is discussed by John J. Marini, MD, professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota.

Parkinson Disease Information for Patients Apr 14, 2020

More than 6 million people worldwide have Parkinson disease. Even though it is classically associated with tremors, the disease has many manifestations and is very treatable for most patients. Michael S. Okun, MD, from the Department of Neurology at the University of Florida, Gainesville, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Parkinson disease.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Reusing Face Masks and N95 Respirators Apr 08, 2020

Shortages of face masks and N95 respirators have forced clinicians and hospitals to reuse these normally disposable items. Ron Shaffer, PhD, former CDC PPE Research Branch Chief, discusses effective sterilization techniques and how to test that the equipment stays protective after sterilization.

Treating Pediatric Eczema Apr 07, 2020

Eczema is extremely common in children. Most the time it is easily treated with topical steroids but on occasion it requires systemic therapies. JAMA Pediatrics Editor Dimitri Christakis, MD, MPH, and JAMA Network Open Editor Frederick Rivara, MD, MPH, discuss the results of a clinical trial of a new monoclonal antibody intended to improve eczema in children that was published in the January 2020 issue of JAMA Pediatrics.

Effect of an Intervention to Promote Breastfeeding on Asthma, Lung Function, and Atopic Eczema at Age 16 Years: Follow-up of the PROBIT Randomized Trial

Persistence of Childhood Eczema Into Adulthood

Association Between Eczema and Stature in 9 US Population-Based Studies

Healthcare Utilization, Patient Costs, and Access to Care in US Adults With Eczema: A Population-Based Study

Management of Atopic Dermatitis

Anti-IgE Medication Lessens Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis Severity

Atopic Eczema

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Safe Shopping at Stores and Pharmacies Apr 03, 2020

Food and medicine shopping is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic, but requires getting out and standing close to strangers at a time when social distancing and sheltering-in-place are recommended to slow spread of disease. David Aronoff, MD, director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, explains how to minimize COVID-19 risk while shopping.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Update: PCR Testing and Shortages Mar 27, 2020

The lack of availability of COVID-19 testing has interfered with the ability to contain the spread of disease. Omai Garner, PhD, laboratory director for Clinical Microbiology in the UCLA health system, explains how PCR testing for COVID-19 works and why testing is in short supply.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Lessons Learned From The 2003 SARS Outbreak Mar 25, 2020

In 2003, Toronto was the North American center for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The disease spread through the city’s hospitals before anyone knew what was happening. Dr Allison McGeer was a clinician caring for SARS patients and ultimately was infected herself. She describes her experience as a patient and provider and reviews lessons learned that might help others manage their regional COVID-19 outbreaks.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Update: How the VA Is Preparing Mar 25, 2020

As COVID-19 spreads, clinicians and health systems are struggling to prepare for a surge of patients. Richard Stone, MD, the US Veterans Health Administration's Executive in Charge, spoke with JAMA about how the VA health system is preparing for this public health emergency.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Mar 24, 2020

Chloroquine was shown in 2004 to be active in vitro against SARS coronavirus but is of unproven efficacy and safety in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The drug's potential benefits and risks for COVID-19 patients, without and with azithromycin, is discussed by Dr. David Juurlink, head of the Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Primary Care Perspective Mar 24, 2020

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is becoming more frequent as the population becomes more obese. This is not a benign problem, and NASH can ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. It is thought that NASH will ultimately become the most common cause for liver transplant. NASH is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding, but once found requires careful monitoring and patient counseling. Lisa N. Kransdorf, MD, MPH, from UCLA Health in California, discusses the diagnosis and management of NASH from a primary care clinician's perspective.

The Diagnosis and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Mar 24, 2020

Hyperparathyroidism is a fairly common disease that causes elevated calcium levels and bone depletion, resulting in fractures and kidney problems. There are medications that can effectively manage hyperparathyroidism, and in some cases surgery is indicated. Michael Yeh, MD, professor and chief of endocrine surgery at UCLA, discusses the management of hyperparathyroidism.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Early Safety Signals Around Ibuprofen and Renin-Angiotensin Inhibitors Mar 20, 2020

Emerging information about how SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells has led to speculation that NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may worsen clinical disease. Infectious disease physician Carlos del Rio, MD, of Emory University explains the concerns and their clinical implications.

Nathan Pritikin and His Diet Mar 17, 2020

Nathan Pritikin was a college dropout who became an entrepreneur. While doing research for the government during World War II, he observed that populations that had extremely limited food availability because of the war had substantially reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease—something unexpected at a time when cardiovascular disease was thought to be due to stress. After the war when food became more available CVD death rates went back up, resulting in Pritikin concluding that CVD was related to diet. Pritikin devised his own very low-fat diet that bears his name and the diet is still in use 65 years later.

The Lost Lectures from Nathan Pritikin (drmcdougall.com)

Who Was Nathan Pritikin and Why Is There a Diet Named After Him? Mar 17, 2020

This podcast explains the Pritikin diet to patients. Nathan Pritikin was a college dropout who became an entrepreneur. While doing research for the government during World War II, he observed that populations that had extremely limited food availability because of the war had substantially reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease—something unexpected at a time when cardiovascular disease was thought to be due to stress. After the war when food became more available CVD death rates went back up, resulting in Pritikin concluding that CVD was related to diet. Pritikin devised his own very low-fat diet that bears his name and the diet is still in use 65 years later.

The Lost Lectures from Nathan Pritikin (drmcdougall.com)

COVID-19 in Seattle: Clinical Features and Managing the Outbreak Mar 15, 2020

Seattle was one of the first US cities to have a COVID-19 outbreak, with a cluster of nursing home-related deaths. However, many people who tested positive for the novel coronavirus never became ill, and in some the clinical illness was indistinguishable from influenza. John Lynch, MD, MPH, an infectious disease physician and medical director for infection prevention and control at the Harborview Medical Center, summarizes his hospital’s experience managing the patients and outbreak.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Clinic Operations Mar 13, 2020

Seattle has been a focal point for the US in the coronavirus pandemic. Doug Paauw, MD, professor of medicine at the University of Washington, in Seattle, describes the UW primary care clinic experience as this pandemic evolved. Major lessons learned included accommodating for significant numbers of staff not available to work in the clinic because of school closures, change in workflow because of shortages of personal protective equipment, physicians having to accommodate very large numbers of patient queries via telephone, email, or electronic health record, and the importance of the rapid development of local ability to test for SARS-CoV-2 independent of public health agencies.

Update on Coronavirus: March 6, 2020, by NIAID’s Anthony Fauci, MD Mar 09, 2020

Coronovirus (the virus SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread throughout the world. In recent weeks, there has been an increasing number of cases and deaths in the US. As concern about the virus increases, there is an increasing need for accurate information about the disease and how much concern we should have. Anthony Fauci, MD, is the director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and has been the main spokesperson for the US government about coronavirus. Dr Fauci spoke with JAMA Editor in Chief Howard Bauchner, MD, about where we are as of today with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.

JAMA Coronavirus Resource Center

Unprofessional Behavior Leads to Complications Feb 25, 2020

Physicians who act out cause all sorts of problems. Fortunately, only a few clinicians have behavior problems and in the modern era, bad behaviors are not tolerated. Bad behaviors get reported these days and actions are taken against these sorts of clinicians. Clinicians who act out frequently say they are doing so to protect their patients. But are they? William Cooper, MD, MPH, and Gerald B. Hickson, MD, from Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee, discuss a study they published in relating bad behaviors to having more complications of surgical care.

The 2020 Influenza Epidemic—More Serious Than Coronavirus in the US Feb 18, 2020

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dominates the news in early 2020, it affects few people in the US. In contrast, at the same time the US is experiencing a severe influenza epidemic, which has caused an estimated 250 000 hospitalizations and 14 000 deaths. Timothy Uyeki, MD, lead for the CDC’s 2019 novel coronavirus response team and Chief Medical Officer of CDC’s influenza division, discusses influenza in the US, how it compares to coronavirus, and what both patients and clinicians should know about this year’s flu season.

CDC's Influenza site

CDC's Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report

HealthMap Vaccine Finder

AIDS-Related Chronic Inflammation Leading to Chronic Disease Feb 18, 2020

Great strides have been made in treating HIV, as Anthony Fauci, MD, discusses in this podcast episode. But even substantial viral suppression leaves some virus behind, causing chronic inflammation. Many chronic diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease, are worsened by this chronic inflammatory state. Because HIV patients are now living very long lives, they are also developing chronic diseases at a more rapid rate than their non-HIV-infected peers because of this chronic inflammation.

Parkinson Disease Feb 11, 2020

More than 6 million people worldwide have Parkinson disease. Even though it is classically associated with tremors, the disease has many manifestations and is very treatable for most patients. Michael S. Okun, MD, from the Department of Neurology at the University of Florida, Gainesville, discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Parkinson disease.

AMA Manual of Style

Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes Feb 11, 2020

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women. Some women have a cancer susceptibility gene known as BRCA, and women should be tested for BRCA under some circumstances. Carol Mangione, MD, division chief of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research at UCLA, discusses when testing is appropriate, and Ranjit Manchanda, MD, PhD, from Barts Cancer Institute in London, UK, discusses the cost-effectiveness of BRCA screening for women who have had breast cancer.

Management of Chronic Stable Angina in 2020 Feb 04, 2020

Controversy exists regarding how to best manage chronic stable angina. Intuitively, it seems that because it is usually caused by coronary artery lesions, addressing those lesions either via percutaneous coronary angiography or coronary artery bypass operations would be the best way to manage this problem. Several studies have suggested that this is not the case and that results of these interventions are no better than optimal medical management. Recently, a very large trial examining this clinical question has provided results suggesting that any approach works about the same. We interviewed Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD, chair of the department of preventive medicine at Northwestern University, during the recent American Heart Association meeting about this issue.

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