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    Natural Sciences

    Into the Impossible With Brian Keating

    Think like a physicist. Wonder like a human. Into the Impossible is where Cosmic Conversations happen — uniting Nobel Prize winners, iconoclasts, authors, and technologists to explore reality’s deepest questions. From AI to aliens, from biophysics to the brain, from the cosmos to the multiverse, Brian Keating, Chancellor’s Distinguished Professor of Physics at UC San Diego covers it all.
    If you’ve ever asked What’s out there? or What’s next?, this is where curiosity meets clarity.
    Learn to think like this. 🎙 Full episodes, notes & more: briankeating.com/podcast

    Advertise

    Copyright: © 2023 Big Bang Productions Inc. 719843

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    Latest Episodes:
    Meta NeuroScientist SHOCKED Me: Scale Alone Won’t Create Consciousness! David Sussillo - #543 Mar 16, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/list to win a meteorite 💥


    David Sussillo spent years training neural networks at Google Brain

    and now leads research at Meta Reality Labs. His verdict on the

    path to artificial consciousness might surprise you.


    In this conversation, we discuss why scaling transformers alone

    won't produce conscious AI, how recurrent neural networks differ

    from the transformer architectures powering today's LLMs, the

    FORCE algorithm he developed to train RNNs, what his work on

    Meta's EMG wristband reveals about AI and biological signals,

    Rich Sutton's Bitter Lesson and whether we're locked into a

    GPU-transformer paradigm, and why studying the brain may be

    the only way out of AI's current limitations.


    David is also the author of Emergence, a braided memoir that

    tells the story of his path from foster care to the frontier

    of neuroscience and AI research.


    David Sussillo is a research scientist at Meta Reality Labs

    and an adjunct professor at Stanford University. He completed

    his PhD at Columbia University under Larry Abbott and previously

    worked at Google Brain.


    Key Takeaways:

    00:00 Scale alone won't produce consciousness — here's why

    00:25 The "bitter lesson": big data crushes every algorithmic invention

    01:15 How hallucinations were discovered early at Google

    05:00 The lock-in problem: why LLM + GPU may cap AI's ceiling

    08:25 What Meta's neural wristband is actually trying to solve

    11:20 Rich Sutton's bitter lesson explained

    14:15 "More is Different" — why you can't reduce complexity upward

    28:30 The book Emergence — two stories braided into one

    36:00 Why mentorship matters more than intelligence for at-risk kids

    47:00 Stability over intensity: what kids in foster care actually need


    ➡️ Follow David Sussillo

    🌐 Website / Research: Meta Reality Labs

    📚 Emergence (memoir): https://www.amazon.com/Emergence-Memoir-Boyhood-Computation-Mysteries/dp/1538768577

    🎓 Stanford / Columbia / Carnegie Mellon Alumni

    ✍️ Email: davidsussillo@gmail.com

    🏄‍♂️ Twitter: https://x.com/SussilloDavid


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    Think Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with productivity tips from 9 Nobel Prize winners: https://a.co/d/03ezQFu

    Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating

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    What's The Real Value of Your Degree? Aswath Damodaran - #542 Mar 09, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/list to win a meteorite 💥

    Aswath Damodaran joins Brian Keating to argue that markets, universities, and financial models are all suffering the same disease — mistaking mechanical processes for genuine thinking — and explains why Nobel economists aren't billionaires, why academia is the most deserving target for disruption, and why every major asset class is now overpriced with nowhere left to hide.


    • 00:00 Intro
    • 00:01:37 Why Nobel Economists Aren't Billionaires
    • 00:06:08 Universities Have Completely Lost the Plot
    • 00:07:43 95% of Academic Research Is Worthless
    • 00:13:05 The University Is a Sticky Business — But Cracks Are Forming
    • 00:40:00 ChatGPT Already Does What Bankers Charge Millions For
    • 00:46:43 The Most Dangerous Number in Finance
    • 00:52:35 There Is No Safe Place Left to Put Your Money
    • 00:55:48 When Every Asset Is Overpriced, Buy What You Love
    • 01:00:22 We Are Losing Our Ability to Think
    • 01:01:30 Markets Are Smarter Than Experts — Every Single Time


    ➡️ Follow Aswath Damodaran

    🌐 Website: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/

    📚 The Little Book of Valuation: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/

    📝 Musings on Markets (Substack): https://aswathdamodaran.substack.com


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    Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

    Follow me to ask questions of my guests:

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating

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    Will AI Replace Scientists? Mar 06, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    In this video, we discuss the rapidly evolving intersection of artificial intelligence and fundamental science and how AI is transforming the way physicists handle massive streams of data from modern observatories—while also explaining where its power ends and human creativity begins.

    Tune in for insights, surprising stories, and a behind-the-scenes look at how scientists are navigating the AI revolution. 🚀

    -

    Key Takeaways:

      00:00 - Cosmologist Exploring Universe and AI
      05:30 - AI Success and Physics Limits
      09:48 - How Did the Universe Begin?
      14:00 - Limits of AI in Scientific Insight
      16:04 - Cosmology's Data Revolution
      19:29 - AI Insights: Science and Writing
      23:04 - Limits of Predictive Models
      25:32 - AI's Academic Impact: Pros & Cons
      33:24 - LLM Chips and AI Accuracy
      34:41 - Accountability, Writing, and Discovery

    -

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    Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #artificialintelligence #aiinscience #physics #machinelearning #futureofscience #aiandscience #scienceexplained #aiuniverse

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    The Engine That Built Life. Nick Lane - #541 Mar 03, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    Nick Lane joins Brian Keating to argue that life is not information running on chemistry but energy in motion—showing how a single ancient metabolic “transformer” predates genes, powers mitochondria, shapes aging and cancer, constrains alien life, and reveals why today’s AI excitement echoes a solution biology discovered billions of years ago.

    00:00 — Defining life vs. death; membrane potential as the boundary between living and dead 00:50 — The title “Transformer” and parallels between AI transformers and biochemical transformation 03:22 — Schrödinger’s What Is Life? and why defining life is intrinsically slippery 06:25 — Why the Krebs cycle sits at the center of metabolism 08:45 — The reverse Krebs cycle, CO₂ fixation, and links to cancer metabolism 11:35 — Mitochondrial membrane potential and the electrical field that powers life 15:00 — Reverse Krebs cycle vs. Calvin cycle and the evolution of carbon fixation 18:00 — Endosymbiosis: origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts 30:02 — Metabolism before genes; CO₂ + hydrogen and prebiotic chemistry 59:49 — Rapid-fire Q&A: RNA world critique and big open questions in origin-of-life research

    ------------------------------------------------------

    ➡️ Follow Nick Lane

    🌐 Website: https://www.nick-lane.net

    📚 Transformer: The Deep Chemistry of Life and Death: https://nick-lane.net/books/transformer-the-deep-chemistry-of-life-and-death/


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    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating

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    Has AI Become God? The Ultimate THREAT of Artificial Intelligence. John C. Lennox - #540 Feb 24, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    In this episode, I sit down with renowned Oxford mathematician, philosopher of science, and public intellectual John C. Lennox to explore the urgent questions surrounding artificial intelligence and humanity’s future.

    We dive into the biggest questions about AI, consciousness, truth, faith, and what it means to be human in an age of accelerating technology. If you’re curious about whether AI is humanity’s greatest achievement, its greatest temptation, or something even more profound, watch the full conversation and join us as we explore the future of intelligence—and our place within it.

    Key Takeaways:

      01:05 - Who Decides What’s True in the Age of AI?
      03:14 - Can AI Ever Be Truly Creative? The ‘Einstein Test’
      04:10 - Consciousness: The Uncrossable Barrier
      07:20 - The QWERTY Keyboard Problem: Are We Stuck with LLMs?
      19:10 - The AI Hall of Mirrors: Training on Itself
      27:02 - Information Isn’t Just Bits and Atoms
      32:05 - Are We Trying to Build God?
      36:48 - The Deepest Question—What Does It Mean to Be Human?
      47:50 - The Temptation to Play God: From Babel to the Singularity
      50:14 - AI’s Relationship to Power and Surveillance

    -

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    Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #artificialintelligence #aiandethics #2084 #religionandscience #surveillancesociety #superintelligence #philosophyofscience #humanconsciousness

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    Can You Find God in the Laws of Physics? This is World! Feb 23, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    In this conversation, I break down a provocative idea: science doesn’t “prove” ultimate truths — it eliminates what’s false. And if that’s how physics works, then the search for God (or the disproof of God) has to play by the same rules: hypotheses, predictions, and falsifiability.

    ------------------------------------------------------

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    Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner, with life-changing interviews with 9 Nobel Prizewinners: https://a.co/d/hi50U9U

    My tell-all cosmic memoir Losing the Nobel Prize: http://amzn.to/2sa5UpA

    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

    Follow me to ask questions of my guests:

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating

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    The Taboo Topic Sam Harris Won't Touch Feb 17, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    In this episode, I revisit my podcast with Sam Harris. At the end of our discussion, Harris abruptly cut things short after we debated the meaning of slavery in the Bible and Talmud. Was this an honest philosophical disagreement, or an example of intellectual overstatement and rhetorical sleight-of-hand?

    Sam Harris is widely regarded as a leading public intellectual, yet during our 3.5-hour dialogue, I encountered a curious blind spot he consistently sidesteps.

    We cover:

      Sam Harris fleeing the 2025 LA Fires with a 'jar of MDMA and a gun" (02:00)
      Harris’s controversial claim that slavery disproves a benevolent God (09:12)
      The Hebrew word *“eved”* and its deeper meaning (09:30–11:51)
      Why Biblical servitude is not the same as American chattel slavery
      Sam’s dismissal of centuries of rabbinic scholarship (15:39–16:17)
      His argument about the optic blind spot as a “design flaw” (12:59–14:36)
      The role of psychedelics in Harris’s worldview (18:45–20:43)
      How confidence without expertise can turn into intellectual bad faith

    This isn’t about attacking Sam Harris — it’s about testing the limits of rationalism, confronting blind spots, and asking whether even the most brilliant thinkers can fall into ideological echo chambers.

    Watch the full original conversation here: • Sam Harris: The TRUTH About Consciousness ...

    👉 Subscribe for more debates with leading scientists, philosophers, and iconoclasts.

    -

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    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

    📺 Watch my most popular videos:📺

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      Sir Roger Penrose: https://youtu.be/AMuqyAvX7Wo
      Sabine Hossenfelder: https://youtu.be/g00ilS6tBvs
      Avi Loeb: https://youtu.be/N9lUceHsLRw

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating #NikolayKukushkin

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    Slugs Have Memories. Nikolay Kukushkin - #539 Feb 10, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    What can we truly learn about the brain from a kidney cell? And what do aliens and alien-like limbs have to teach us? And if language is our escape velocity moment, what does that mean for the future of AI?

    Nikolay Kukushkin is a scientist who believes that memory, intelligence, and even the roots of awareness may exist in places we never thought to look in. The timing of molecules in the learning of single cells, in the slow abstractions of evolution. He takes us through all of this in this wonderful new book, One Hand Clapping. Now let's go into the impossible.

    KEY TAKEAWAYS

      00:00 "Sea Slugs and Abstract Thought"
      09:55 "Cell Intelligence and Sound"
      10:47 Cellular Intelligence and Memory
      19:22 "One Hand Clapping: Zen Riddle"
      23:18 "Evolution of Inner Worlds"
      31:05 "Einstein, Thought Experiments, and LLMs"
      32:50 "Can LLMs Achieve Life?"
      38:01 Alien Encounters: Unlikely Similarity
      45:39 Unanticipated Findings on Cellular Memory
      53:33 "Interdisciplinary Creativity and Slow Multitasking"
      55:58 Evolution of the Gut
      01:04:57 "Interconnection and Existential Koan"
      01:08:19 "Reconstructing Nature's Patterns"
      01:13:55 "Evolution of Brain's Role"

    -

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      Neil Turok https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dt5cFLN65fI
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      Eric Weinstein vs. Stephen Wolfram https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI0AZ4Y4Ip4?sub_confirmation=1
      Sir Roger Penrose: https://youtu.be/AMuqyAvX7Wo
      Sabine Hossenfelder: https://youtu.be/g00ilS6tBvs
      Avi Loeb: https://youtu.be/N9lUceHsLRw

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    #universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy #cosmology #cosmicmicrowavebackground #intotheimpossible #briankeating #NikolayKukushkin

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    The World is Made of Code! Sam Arbesman - #538 Feb 02, 2026
    Show notes

    Please join my mailing list here 👉 https://briankeating.com/yt to win a meteorite 💥

    Code. It's the closest thing humans have ever invented to magic. Write symbols on a screen, and reality emerges. Money moves, doors unlock, planes land, diseases get diagnosed, and most of us have no idea how it actually works. Today's conversation is about why code feels magical and why that feeling is both powerful and also dangerous. In a moment, you'll hear why the real risk of code is artificial intelligence. It's scale. Tiny ideas multiplied across billions of lives.

    My guest is Sam Arbesman, complexity scientist and author of The Magic of Code, a book about how software quietly became the most influential force shaping modern civilization. magic and sorcery. Often in our stories, they require a great deal of effort, like training. And so, like, you have to go to Hogwarts for seven years to really know magic and wizardry very well. The same kind of thing is true with code like so let's go cast some spells and learn the magic of code. Let's go.

    KEY TAKEAWAYS

      00:00 — Code feels magical because text can change reality.
      00:25 — The real risk of code is scale, not intelligence.
      01:55 — Software shapes modern civilization more than we realize.
      02:40 — Coding is both technical and a humanistic liberal art.
      03:05 — Code fulfills an ancient desire to control the world with language.
      04:15 — Most “new” tech ideas have deep historical roots.
      07:00 — Universal computation emerges from conditional logic and loops.
      09:10 — Biological computation works very differently from digital computers.
      10:30 — Biology expands the definition of computation itself.
      12:00 — Software is powerful but inherently temporary.
      16:00 — Code resembles magic because it requires long training to master.
      17:45 — Software creation is becoming accessible to everyone.
      19:40 — Not all software must scale; personal tools matter.
      24:10 — Computers are tools, not ends in themselves.
      26:35 — Bugs are inevitable and often educational.
      56:00 -- The Half Life Of Facts

    -

    Additional resources:

    Get Sam’s Book “The Magic of Code”: https://bit.ly/4qLBnXX

    Get My NEW Book: Focus Like a Nobel Prize Winner: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FN8DH6SX?ref_=pe_93986420_775043100

    -

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    The first-ever audiobook from Galileo: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican https://a.co/d/iZPi9Un

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    The Mysterious Math Behind LLMs - Anil Ananthaswamy - #537 Jan 23, 2026
    Show notes

    WANTED: Developers and STEM experts! Get paid to create benchmarks and improve AI models. Sign up for Alignerr using our link: https://alignerr.com/?referral-source=briankeating

    One of the most powerful AI systems we’ve ever built is succeeding for reasons we still don’t understand. And worse, they may succeed for reasons that might lock us into the wrong future for humanity.

    Today’s guest is Anil Ananthaswamy, an award-winning science writer and one of the clearest thinkers on the mathematical foundations of machine learning.

    In this conversation, we’re not just talking about new demos, incremental improvements, or updates on new models being released. We’re asking even harder questions: Why does the mathematics of machine learning work at all?

    How do these models succeed when they suffer from problems like overparameterization and lack of training data?

    And are large language models revealing deep structure, or are they just producing very convincing illusions and causing us to face an increasingly AI-slop-driven future?

    KEY TAKEAWAYS

      00:00 — Book explores why ML works through math
      02:47 — Perceptron proof shows simple math guarantees learning
      05:11 — Early AI failed due to single-layer limits
      07:12 — Nonlinear limits caused the first AI winter
      09:04 — Backpropagation revived neural networks
      10:59 — GPUs + big data enabled deep learning
      15:25 — AI success risks technological lock-in
      17:30 — LLMs lack human-like learning and embodiment
      22:57 — High-dimensional spaces power ML behavior
      27:36 — Data saturation may slow future gains
      31:11 — Continual learning is still missing in AI
      33:46 — Neuromorphic chips promise energy efficiency
      41:49 — Overparameterized models still generalize well
      45:05 — SGD succeeds via randomness in complex landscapes
      48:27 — Perceptrons remain the core of modern neural net

    -

    Additional resources:

    Anil's NEW Book "Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI": https://www.amazon.com/Why-Machines-Learn-Elegant-Behind/dp/0593185749

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    -

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