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    Christianity

    Gospel Tangents Podcast

    A 360-degree view of Mormonism. We interview the best Mormon scholars, scientists, and clergy from all restoration branches, including LDS, Community of Christ, Strangites, Bickertonites, Temple Lot, Remnant, etc.

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    Copyright: © 2019 Gospel Tangents - All Rights Reserved

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    Latest Episodes:
    Polygamy & S America Revelations (David Hocking 4 of 4) Jun 13, 2025
    Show notes

    Many scholars have made the claim that the polygamy revelation in D&C 132 is really 4 different revelations mashed into one. Does David Hocking agree? We will discuss that revelation, along with the revelation that says Lehi landed in Chile. David is a Heartlander. Does he agree? We'll discuss his book, "Revelations of Joseph Smith." Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/HR2NovCIj7E Don't miss our other conversations with David Hocking: http://gospeltangents.com/people/david-hocking Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission. Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission.


    Changes in Revelations (David Hocking 3 of 4) Jun 12, 2025
    Show notes

    We'll discuss changes in revelations for the Doctrine & Covenants and JST. Joseph Smith got a revelation to get a Canadian copyright for the Book of Mormon. It didn't succeed. Is this a failed revelation? David Hocking weighs in on that uncanonized revelation in his new book "The Revelations of Joseph Smith." Check out our conversation.. https://youtu.be/5WdAr21wooI Don't miss our other conversations with David Hocking: http://gospeltangents.com/people/david-hocking Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission. 0:00 Book of Mormon Canadian Copyright 12:45 Changes in Revelations 16:47 JST Bible What You'll Find in "The Revelations of Joseph Smith" Hocking's primary focus in this book is on Joseph Smith's personal revelations and history, as published by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints between 1902 and 1912, chosen specifically because it is in the public domain. He intentionally does not include revelations attributed to later church leaders like Brigham Young or Joseph F. Smith, nor does he include the official declarations (OD 1 & 2) or the section about the martyrdom, as these were not Joseph Smith's revelations. Key features and inclusions in the book: Uncanonized Revelations: The book features revelations that are not part of the standard Doctrine and Covenants. A notable example is the revelation concerning the Canadian copyright for the Book of Mormon, which, although controversial because the attempt to secure the copyright was unsuccessful, is included as it is part of Joseph Smith's history. Color-Coded Text for Voices: To enhance understanding, Hocking uses a unique color-coding system for different voices: ◦ Red text signifies direct speech from God (Heavenly Father, Holy Spirit, or Jesus Christ). For instance, the Canadian copyright revelation is shown in red, indicating it's the voice of Heavenly Father. ◦ Blue text is used for words spoken by angels.Blue text also indicates quoted scripture, such as sections where the Lord quotes Isaiah, helping readers identify the source of the text. Multiple First Vision Accounts: The book compiles various versions of Joseph Smith's First Vision accounts, including the 1832, 1835, and the 1842 Wentworth letter version, offering a comprehensive view of these foundational spiritual experiences. Patriarchal Blessings: Hocking includes patriarchal blessings given to Joseph Smith and Emma Smith. This includes Joseph Sr.'s blessing to his son, Joseph Jr., where Joseph of Egypt is quoted, highlighted in blue to denote quoted scripture and structured poetically for readability. Emma Smith's patriarchal blessing is also included, rendered in red text, indicating it as a revelation from the Lord's voice. Oliver Cowdery's Revelation to Joseph: A particularly moving inclusion is a blessing given by Oliver Cowdery to Joseph Smith, which Oliver received as a revelation. The Book of Mormon Printing Miracle: Hocking delves into the intricate process and efforts required to publish the Book of Mormon, detailing the "mechanism" and "lot of work that went into it.” Correlation between Joseph Smith and Enoch: The book explores the connections and correlations between Joseph Smith's experiences and the biblical figure of Enoch. The Joseph Smith Translation (JST) of the Bible Hocking has also published a book on the Joseph Smith Translation (JST), also known as the Inspired Version of the Bible. Joseph Smith viewed this work as a direct commandment from God, a "branch of his calling," to make "updates or corrections" to the Old and New Testaments. Key aspects of Hocking's JST book: Revelation-Driven Process: The JST process began with revelations like the Vision of Moses (a prologue to Genesis) and the Prophecy of Enoch, which significantly expand on what's found in traditional Old Testament. Divine Command to Publish: Joseph Smith was explicitly commanded to publish his new translation of the "holy word" in 1841, though he lacked the resources at the time. The publication eventually happened through his son, Joseph III, and Emma. Enhanced Readability with Visual Aids: Recognizing that biblical texts, especially genealogies and historical accounts like those in the Book of Kings or Book of Ruth, can be challenging to follow, Hocking incorporates flowcharts and charts. These visual aids help readers track genealogies and relationships, such as the lineage from Abraham through Judah to Jesus Christ, including figures like Ruth the Moabitess. Validation of Inspirations: The introduction to Hocking's JST book explains how he includes parenthetical references to other ancient texts like First, Second, or Third Enoch, or the Book of Jasher, where Joseph Smith's received inspirations have "been validated.” Changes in Revelations Hocking emphasizes that his work is designed for the "masses," making complex spiritual and historical content more accessible and engaging. He notes that his books have achieved significant sales compared to academic publications, suggesting their broad appeal. His goal is to share what he learns in a "digestible" and organized manner, rather than engaging in a scholarly academic exercise that would involve detailing every textual change Joseph Smith made across different versions. The positive reception to his books is highlighted by an anecdote from a reader who found the Book of Mormon so engrossing in Hocking's format that she repeatedly lost track of time, making her late for work. This speaks to the immersive and spiritual experience his unique presentation fosters. Hocking is continually working, having produced a book every year. While current efforts focus on the Joseph Smith Translation, he has plans for smaller, more flexible versions of his books in the future, including potentially for the Book of Mormon and the entire Triple Combination, pending financial considerations. He also notes his perspective that Section 132 of the Doctrine and Covenants, like Sections 107 and 42, may be a hybridization of "two separate revelations." David Hocking's dedication to illuminating sacred texts offers a fresh and accessible way for readers to engage with foundational texts and revelations from Joseph Smith's life and work. Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission.


    Zelph Revelation (David Hocking 2 of 4) Jun 09, 2025
    Show notes

    We'll discuss the revelations from 1834-1838 including the uncanonized Zelph Revelation. In 1834, Joseph Smith changed the name of the church from Church of Christ to Church of the Latter Day Saints. Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/ogCyg94XghM Don't miss our other conversations with David Hocking: http://gospeltangents.com/people/david-hocking Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission. Uncanonized Zelph Revelation One particularly intriguing inclusion in Hocking's book, treated as a revelation although not canonized by the LDS Church today, is the account of Zelph. This account originates from Joseph Smith's history and details an experience while roving over the plains of the Nephites during Zion's Camp. Joseph Smith described discovering a skeleton. Through a vision or revelation, he understood that the person was "a white Lamanite, a large thick set man, and a man of God" named Zelph. Zelph was identified as "a warrior and a chieftain under the great prophet Onandagus who named from the eastern sea." The eastern sea is likened to Lake Ontario. The account describes Zelph's injuries, including a broken side caused by a stone from a sling and death from an arrow found among his ribs during a battle. Hocking notes that B.H. Roberts, in a book written before his involvement with History of the Church, also discussed Zion's Camp passing mysterious earth mounds, which Roberts suggested were related to the Nephites, Lamanites, or people of Jared. Hocking sees Joseph Smith's account of finding Zelph as a way of demonstrating a physical witness of the Book of Mormon peoples. Joseph Smith, having provided the spiritual testimony through the translated book, was now offering a physical witness for those on the journey. Those who went on Zion's Camp reportedly stayed faithful, potentially due to this physical witness. While the story of Zelph might seem "fantastical" to some, and perhaps for this reason it hasn't been canonized by the modern LDS church, Hocking includes it because Joseph Smith presented it as a revelation where the heavens were opened and the Almighty gave him understanding. Later Revelations and Profound Connections Moving into the later period (1838-1843), which includes the Nauvoo temple era, Hocking's book covers 20 revelations. He also includes statements from Joseph Smith that he treats "as if they're revelations because they're statements." One powerful example is found in what is now Section 128 of the Doctrine and Covenants. While in hiding, Joseph Smith wrote a letter to the church about baptisms for the dead. Within this letter, he includes what Hocking calls a "poetical utterance," similar to passages in Nephi or Lehi. Joseph Smith speaks of glad tidings from Cumorah and Moroni, the voices of Peter, James, and John on the banks of the Mississippi, the voice of the Heavenly Father, and significantly, the voices of Michael the archangel, Gabriel, Raphael, and "diverse angels from Michael or Adam down to the present time." These angels are described as declaring their dispensations, rights, honors, keys, majesty, glory, and priesthood power. Hocking found this section particularly striking after studying the Book of Enoch, which features conversations with Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. He posits that Joseph Smith is a "new Enoch," drawing parallels between their lives. Furthermore, Hocking discovered profound correlations between Joseph Smith's translation work and other ancient texts. He highlights the Joseph Smith Translation of Genesis 18, where three men who visit Abraham are identified as "angels which were holy men and they were sent after the order of God," in contrast to the King James Version which simply calls them "three men". Comparing this to the Book of Jasher (published 10 years after Joseph Smith's revelation), Hocking found a passage stating, "and the Lord appeared unto him at the plain and sent three of his ministering angels." Delving deeper, Hocking examined rabbinical commentaries in the Babylonian Talmud regarding this same biblical passage. Rabbis there identify the three men as the angels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, assigning specific tasks to each: Michael announced Sarah would have a son, Raphael healed Abraham after his circumcision, and Gabriel overturned Sodom. Hocking then found support for these specific roles in the Book of Enoch, which describes Michael as merciful, Raphael as being "set over all the diseases and the wounds of men," and Gabriel as being "set over all powers." These correlations between Joseph Smith's revelations and texts like the Book of Jasher, Babylonian Talmud, and Book of Enoch are described as exciting discoveries for Hocking. He finds these connections, often not discussed in standard gospel classes, help validate Joseph Smith's work, suggesting he wasn't a charlatan but received genuine revelation. What do you think of the conversation? Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission


    New Doctrine & Covenants (sort of) David Hocking 1 of 4 Jun 06, 2025
    Show notes

    David Hocking has put together several Annotated Scriptures. We'll discuss his latest book, which is sort of an Annotated Doctrine & Covenants. It is called "The Revelations of Joseph Smith." We'll also discuss his previous books, and dive into revelations on the coming forth of the Book of Mormon & the Church of Christ. Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/JjvC2RZtJrM Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission David Hocking, described as a "scripture publisher" and editor, who is known for reformatting traditional scriptural texts to help readers engage with them more smoothly. By taking the existing text and applying specific elements and styles, Hocking aims to guide the reader and provide additional context and research. His books are often described as a "studied" version of the scripture. Hocking's process involves doing research on words or phrases that appeal to him, highlighting them in a gold color, and then providing additional information in a golden shaded box at the bottom of the page. His journey in scripture publishing began in the '90s when he started reformatting the Book of Mormon for his own use. This eventually led to the Annotated Edition of the Book of Mormon, which incorporated research, including information from the Heartland perspective. This book has been quite successful, with close to 40,000 copies sold and is available through Deseret Book. Following the Book of Mormon, Hocking worked on the Book of Jasher. He clarified that "Jasher" is a title, "Sephur Hayasher," meaning "the book of the upright," and the proper spelling should be Yashar. Interestingly, he notes that there are excerpts of the Book of Jasher in the Book of Mormon, brought over on the plates of brass. This led to a brief discussion on the language of the Book of Mormon, suggesting that Nephi likely learned Demotic Egyptian, a condensed, script-like form, in addition to Hebrew, and that "reformed Egyptian" might refer to a reformed Demotic Egyptian. He also touched on the difference between the Anthon Transcript (described by Martin Harris) and the Caracters Document in John Whitmer's handwriting (which the Church has recently acquired). He noted that handwriting analysis, specifically looking at the cursive "D" with a flourish common in German script, can help identify scribes like John Whitmer in early documents, including sections of the Book of Mormon original manuscript and the Revelation books. He also offered a perspective on the two sets of witnesses (three spiritual, eight physical) and the possibility they saw different sets of plates (the plates in the stone box vs. plates in a repository, potentially the small plates used to replace the lost Book of Lehi pages)10. Other books Hocking has edited include the Book of Isaiah, undertaken as part of the "11th commandment" to diligently search Isaiah. He sent a copy to Dr. Avraham Gileadi, a prominent LDS Isaiah scholar, who liked it. (Incidentally, the host mentioned NT Wright would be speaking on Isaiah in Houston, Texas). Hocking also worked on the Joseph Smith Translation (JST) of the New Testament. For this, he put Joseph Smith's contributions in brackets, using the 1867 first edition text. He mentioned that the Church itself is likely to release a fully done version of the JST in the coming years. He has a new version of his JST New Testament coming out soon as a red-letter edition. He noted that while red-letter Bibles (where the words of Christ are in red) are common elsewhere, they are less familiar in Utah. Another critical project was the Book of Enoch, which he believes explains why Enoch is an important figure and why the Lord referred to him in Moses 6 & 7 and D&C 107. He suggests that Joseph Smith himself became a modern-day Enoch, teaching and building a city of righteousness/Zion. Hocking's latest book, and a main focus of the conversation, could be titled "The Chronological Unfolding of the Restoration". He specifically chose not to call it the Doctrine and Covenants due to the history of that terminology. He recounted how the first printed collection of revelations in 1833 was called the Book of Commandments. The 1835 edition added the Lectures on Faith and adopted the title Doctrine and Covenants. However, the Lectures on Faith were later removed from the standard editions starting around 1920 because Church leadership decided they were not canon or scripture. His new book is Joseph Smith-centric and presents the revelations in chronological order as found in Joseph Smith's history (specifically, the History of the Church edited by B.H. Roberts). The layout includes the date, Joseph Smith's age, and the current section number, providing a progression based on when the revelations were received. This chronological approach offers significant benefits. It allows readers to see the progression of revelations much better. It helps understand the context. For example, the first 20 revelations deal specifically with the coming forth of the Book of Mormon. The next 90 revelations use the published Book of Mormon as a manual for organizing the Church. Presenting revelations chronologically also shows how seemingly disparate texts like the "vision of Moses" (now Moses Chapter 1) or the "prophecy of Enoch" (now Moses 6 & 7) fit into the timeline of revelations Joseph Smith received alongside the sections we now have in the Doctrine and Covenants.. He notes the striking similarity between the prologue of the vision of Moses and the prologue of the book of Jubilees. Hocking emphasizes that this book highlights Joseph Smith's revelatory power and how he received revelations that ultimately became scripture. Looking ahead, in addition to the upcoming red-letter JST16, Hocking is working on a major, sophisticated, and scholarly book about the "plat of Zion" (also called the city of Zion or city of Enoch). This book will explore the concept of the city based on a vision seen by Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and Frederick G. Williams and will use D&C sections that refer to this plat. Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission


    Temple Lot Worship Services (Part 7 of 7) Jun 05, 2025
    Show notes

    Here's a throwback episode with historian Jean Addams. We discussed similarities and differences between LDS and Church of Christ (Temple Lot) worship services back in 2020. I stopped by and saw them this past week and thought it would be fun to re-visit this episode. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eANzkhkDxoI We're diving into the world of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot), drawing on insights shared by historian Jean Addams. Having attended their services and conducted research, Addams offers a unique perspective on this faith community. The Church of Christ (Temple Lot) shares some similarities with LDS Church services but also has distinct differences. Like LDS services, they have opening and closing prayers, scheduled speakers, and congregational singing. However, their sacrament meeting is different. Distinct Worship Practices Sacrament: The sacrament is administered only once a month. When Jean visited, he said a notable difference was their continued use of the common cup – they used two common cups and two red trays that are passed down each row. This ordinance is reserved for baptized members of their church. However, when Rick attended in 2025, they used individual cups that looked quite similar to LDS sacrament cups. Administration: As part of their service, they include time for anyone needing administration for sickness or other afflictions. Elders are called upon to administer to individuals right there in the chapel during the service. Prayer: For most prayers, the entire congregation kneels. Sunday School: If you attend a Sunday school class on the Book of Mormon, it would sound very similar to an LDS Gospel Doctrine class. Structure, Leadership, and Priesthood The Church of Christ (Temple Lot) uses different terminology for some leadership roles. They tend to use "Presiding Elder" instead of "Bishop," and they do not use the term "pastor.” Leaders like the Presiding Elder are generally elected by the congregation, with term lengths varying. Within the Council of Apostles, there is no single person designated as being "in charge" of the church. While the senior member might sometimes lead by precedent, they are just one of the twelve. Interestingly, they have gone years without having a full quorum of twelve apostles, sometimes having as few as seven. Regarding the priesthood, it is held by men. The emphasis isn't the same as the LDS Church's focus on the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods for boys. It is mentioned that there are faithful members who have never held the priesthood in their lives, including men in positions of importance. Unique Ordinances and Practices Baptism: The decision of when to be baptized is left up to the individual. As a result, most members are not baptized until at least their teens, with 12 being mentioned as potentially the youngest, and many are baptized even later. Baptism is performed by immersion. This differs from the practice in the LDS Church where children are typically baptized around age eight. Baby Blessing: In the Church of Christ (Temple Lot), the baby is brought before the elders of the church for a blessing. Unlike the LDS practice where the father typically blesses the baby, the elders perform this ordinance. The parents usually select who they would like from the elders to give the blessing, often a family friend. Speaking in Tongues: While rare, speaking in tongues has occurred in the Church of Christ (Temple Lot). It is understood that there should be someone present to provide a translation. Women's Roles The role of women in the church is different. While they had women missionaries in the 1930s, they reportedly backed away from this practice. When asked about women speaking in church, leaders stated that this is strictly a priesthood responsibility. It was also observed and stated by others that women generally do not pray in church. They do have their own organization, somewhat similar to the Relief Society, and women lead music and perform other functions. Geographic Organization and Presence Instead of referring to congregations as wards, branches, or congregations, the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) calls them "locals.” The main location in Independence, Missouri, is called the Temple Lot local. There is also an East Independence local. Members are not bound by geographic boundaries and can attend whichever local they choose, similar to the Community of Christ. Outside of Independence, their second largest concentration is in the Phoenix, Arizona area. They also have congregations scattered around the country. Internationally, they have had notable missionary successes. Initially, they saw great success in the Yucatan area of Mexico, which remains a significant area for them, and one of their apostles is from there. Subsequent successes have been seen in the Philippines, which is probably their second major area, and then Kenya. They also have a fairly good congregation in Honduras. In the United States and Canada combined, there are approximately a thousand members, though this number might be generous. Roughly half of these members are likely in Missouri, with the next largest group in the Phoenix area. Many of their locals are small. Jean expresses admiration for their tenacity and notes that funding their missionary efforts must be a significant challenge. They have experienced growth in areas where the LDS Church and Community of Christ have also seen successes, as has the Remnant Church and the Bickertonites. Further Research Historian Jean Addams has written a book on the subject titled "Upon the Temple Lot: The Church of Christ Quest to Build the House of the Lord," published around 2010 or 2011. This book covers the topics discussed and is about 180 pages. He has also published several articles on the Church of Christ and plans a future project on the redemption of Zion, covering the return of various churches to Jackson County, including the Church of Christ (Temple Lot), Community of Christ, LDS, and Cutlerites. Addams noted having wonderful friends who are active members of the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) and has enjoyed dining, talking, and studying with them. This glimpse into the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) highlights both shared heritage and unique pathways taken by different branches of the Latter Day Saint movement. Have you attended their services? Don't miss our other conversations with Jean! 379: 3 Church Reconciliation? (Addams) 378: Comparing LDS & Church of Christ Theology (Addams) 377: LDS/Church of Christ Alliance (Addams) 376: Jones Flournoy’s Ties to Restoration (Addams) 375: Dispute Over the Temple Lot (Addams) 374: Intro to Church of Christ (Temple Lot) (Addams)


    Are William Clayton Journals Forged? (Clair Barrus 4 of 4) May 30, 2025
    Show notes

    In our final conversation with Clair Barrus, we'll discuss polygamy skeptics and William Clayton Journals. They are some of the most important pieces of contemporary evidence of polygamy, so skeptics don't like this journal. Is there evidence it was forged? Clair Barrus weighs in. We'll also discuss William & Jane Laws' accusations against Joseph Smith. Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/uqCbNbGazqk Check out our conversation with Clair Barrus who wrote a chapter in Secret Covenants... Don’t miss our other conversations with Clair: https://gospeltangents.com/people/clair-barrus/ Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission Are William Clayton Journals Reliable? We’re concluding our conversation with Clair Barrus, one of the authors in "Secret Covenants: New Insights into Mormon Polygamy." We’ll del into some contemporary documents to shed light on the early Nauvoo period1. One area explored involves the relationship dynamics between Joseph and Emma Smith and William and Jane Law. The sources reveal a period of tension for Joseph and Emma regarding plural marriage, with Emma reportedly exasperated by it. Joseph himself was suspicious, asking his scribe William Clayton if Law was being "familiar" with Emma, suggesting concerns about her faithfulness. Evidence suggests Emma was interested in William Law, described by her as a "little man" she was attracted to. According to Joseph Jackson, a suspicious character, Joseph Smith allegedly offered Emma a "spiritual husband" if she would allow him his "spiritual wives.” Jackson termed this a "wife swap.” William Law, writing much later, described the situation differently, suggesting it was compensation for Emma's difficulties with Joseph having young women living in their home. This alleged arrangement may be what is referenced in D&C 132, verses 51 and 54, where Emma is commanded not to "partake of that which I commanded you to partake of.” This passage is framed as a test or Abrahamic sacrifice. Some interpret "that which" Emma was commanded not to partake of as referring to William Law. A typescript of William Law's journal, while needing cautious use as the original holograph is unavailable, seems to allude to this story, although its trustworthiness is uncertain. The conversation also touches upon Joseph Smith's interaction with Jane Law. William and Jane Law desired to be sealed eternally, but Joseph Smith seemed to require they accept polygamy first. Alexander Neibaur's journal recounts Joseph telling him about visiting Jane Law while William was away. According to Neibaur's account of Joseph's story, Jane expressed a desire to be sealed. Joseph claimed he couldn't tell her that her husband was an "adulterer." This highlights the context of mutual accusations of adultery between William Law and Joseph Smith. In Neibaur's account, Jane then embraced Joseph and asked if she could be sealed to him if not to her husband. Joseph claimed he gently pushed her away. However, Jane's account, as related in Neibaur’s journal, differs; she told William that Joseph had proposed to her. William Law's journal typescript also reportedly states that Joseph Smith proposed to his wife. These conflicting accounts contribute to the complex historical picture. William Clayton's journal provides other key insights into Joseph Smith's practices and purported revelations. One interesting revelation recorded by Clayton was an "item of law" received for Clayton's benefit. This revelation stated that a man could only take two sisters from the same family, except by express revelation, because having more than two was "apt to cause wrangles and trouble." Clayton had expressed interest in marrying a third Moon sister, Lydia, after already marrying two others. Following this revelation, Joseph Smith asked Clayton if he would be okay if Joseph married Lydia Moon instead and even asked Clayton to propose for him. Lydia declined. A significant challenge in studying this period is the debate over the reliability of historical sources, particularly the William Clayton journals. Polygamy skeptics sometimes argue against their reliability, citing issues like writing in different books or suggesting later rewriting. However, those who have worked with the diaries reportedly see no evidence of later rewriting, and analysis of the paper suggests it is contemporary to the period. Furthermore, it's argued that if Clayton were fabricating entries later, he likely wouldn't portray himself, Joseph Smith, or Brigham Young in such bizarrely unflattering ways. The discussion emphasizes that dismissing contemporary evidence like the Clayton journals, the Nauvoo Expositor, and numerous personal testimonies is a tactic often employed by polygamy denial proponents. It's argued that calling individuals like William Law "anti-Mormon" or dismissing the Nauvoo Expositor publishers via character assassination approach rather than a scholarly one that deals with the evidence. The Nauvoo Expositor, for instance, exposed not only polygamy allegations but also Joseph Smith's alleged treasonous negotiations with foreign powers. Similarly, dismissing the testimonies of potentially hundreds of individuals who later stated they were involved in plural marriage with Joseph Smith requires more than just disliking their testimony; it requires counter-evidence. Finally, the culture of secrecy surrounding polygamy during Joseph Smith's lifetime is highlighted as a reason why there isn't more contemporary evidence. Participants were often placed under severe secrecy covenants with penalties. Despite this imposed secrecy, the sources confirm that significant contemporary documentation from 1844 or earlier does exist to establish the practice of polygamy during Joseph Smith's lifetime. Engaging with these historical accounts and the challenges to their interpretation, as discussed in "Secret Covenants," provides valuable insights into the complexities of early Mormon polygamy. Have you studied the Clayton journals? Do you think they are reliable? Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


    Joseph Fielding Smith: History, Bias, & Shaping Mormon Thought (Bowman 3 of 4) May 27, 2025
    Show notes

    Joseph Fielding Smith, a towering figure in the 20th-century Latter-day Saint landscape, is often remembered as a theologian and Church leader. But his long tenure as Church Historian also positioned him as a key interpreter of Mormon history, an area where his approach offers a fascinating case study in the relationship between faith, perspective, and the writing of the past. Our recent discussion drawing from the sources explored this complex legacy, highlighting Smith's contributions alongside critical insights into the nature of historical objectivity and bias. https://youtu.be/EyAoFsz9mn0 Church Historian When Joseph Fielding Smith became Church Historian, he faced the significant challenge of organizing sprawling, uncatalogued collections. He initiated processes that professionalized the church archives, particularly after World War II, by creating finding aids, dividing materials into collections, making lists, and microfilming documents. However, from the perspective of a professional academic historian, Smith's method of engaging with historical sources differed markedly. He treated certain documents, like the Bible and those produced by figures he considered revelators such as Joseph Smith Jr. and Joseph F. Smith, as entirely reliable and didn't subject them to critical interrogation. This lack of "suspicion of sources"—the practice of asking who wrote a document, when, and what biases they might have—is highlighted as a key distinction between Smith and professional academics. His influential book, Essentials in Church History, exemplifies this approach, treating "official LDS sources" uncritically, yet it became a foundational text shaping LDS understanding of their history for decades. This brings us to a core concept in academic historical study: the non-existence of "objective history." Writing academic history itself is considered a bias. The aim for professional historians is not to eliminate bias, which is seen as impossible, but rather to be acutely aware of bias—both in the sources they use and in their own perspectives—and to account for it in their work. This requires adhering to methods and principles developed over generations of scholarship. Mature scholarship involves being frank about one's own point of view and how it might influence interpretations. Trying to pretend one is objective is seen as a mistake. Richard Bushman is presented as an example of a scholar who openly discusses his background and how it might shape his work. RLDS Polygamy Skeptics The sources also reveal how bias can influence not just conclusions, but the very questions a historian thinks to ask—or doesn't ask. While "motivated reasoning" (steering sources to a predetermined conclusion) exists, it might be less common than bias manifesting in the kinds of questions that arise from a historian's background and positionality. The discussion used the example of Richard and Pamela Price's hypothesis regarding the influence of Cochranites on the Quorum of the Twelve and the practice of polygamy. While the Prices found evidence of contact between the groups, they reportedly don't account for the significant chronological gap between this contact and the public announcement of polygamy. This failure to ask about or explain this gap is suggested as stemming from their predisposition to believe the Quorum of the Twelve were the originators of polygamy. Most Influential Writer Joseph Fielding Smith was a prolific writer. Beyond Essentials in Church History, other notable works include The Way to Perfection, a narrative history of humanity from pre-existence to afterlife, where he explicitly stated his views on race. He also authored Man His Origin and Destiny (1954), which he considered his most important book, responding to higher criticism of the Bible and the theory of evolution. Perhaps his most widely read work during his lifetime was his "My Question" column in the Improvement Era church magazine, where he answered diverse questions with authority, reaching a vast monthly audience. After his death, these columns and other writings were compiled into influential reference works like Answers to Gospel Questions and Doctrines of Salvation. Smith is considered the most influential LDS theologian of the 20th century. While Bruce R. McConkie was also highly influential, he is seen as primarily a popularizer and systematizer of Smith's ideas, possessing an encyclopedic mind focused on organization compared to Smith's narrative bent. McConkie turned Smith's writings into topical reference collections. Smith's influence also extended to being a prominent defender and exponent of the church's racial restrictions, articulating the theory that people of African descent were less righteous in the pre-existence in The Way to Perfection. In conclusion, Joseph Fielding Smith's legacy is multifaceted. He contributed to the professionalization of church archives while simultaneously employing a historical method rooted in faith rather than academic skepticism. His voluminous writings and interpretations profoundly shaped 20th-century Mormon thought and doctrine, including controversial areas like the church's racial restrictions. His work continues to underscore critical questions about how personal beliefs, institutional roles, and inherent biases interact in the construction and understanding of history. Do you agree with Matt that Joseph Fielding Smith is the most important LDS theologian of the 20th century? Who is the most influential in the 21st century so far? Will the Church move away from JFS’s defensive posture on science, especially evolution? Don't miss our other conversations about this book! https://gospeltangents.com/lds_people_historical/joseph-fielding-smith/


    Joseph Fielding Smith Evolution May 25, 2025
    Show notes

    Joseph Fielding Smith: evolution was not something he thought highly of. The son of Joseph F. Smith and grandson of Hyrum Smith, was a prominent figure in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. As an apostle from 1910 and later Church President, he became known for his strong defense of traditional doctrines, often clashing with those who sought to reconcile faith with modern scientific and academic thought. https://youtu.be/8Kq1TVQBQtE Don't miss our other conversations about this book! https://gospeltangents.com/lds_people_historical/joseph-fielding-smith/ Joseph Fielding Smith Evolution One of the most famous conflicts involved the theory of evolution and the age of the Earth. Smith staunchly opposed the idea of an old earth, particularly the notion of human-like creatures or pre-Adamites living before Adam and Eve. His core objection wasn't simply to evolution itself, but to the idea that there could have been death before the Fall of Adam and Eve. Smith believed that death entered the world because of the Fall, and if death existed before then, it would undermine the necessity and efficacy of the Atonement of Jesus Christ. This principle of no death before the Fall was central to his arguments. This perspective led to direct clashes with contemporaries like James E. Talmage and John A. Widtsoe, who were generally more open to scientific ideas. The most notable dispute involved B.H. Roberts's book manuscript, The Truth, The Way, The Life, which attempted to reconcile a very old Earth and the possibility of pre-Adamites with the Genesis account. Roberts proposed that Adam and Eve were the first humans with souls, not necessarily the first biological humans. As a member of the church's publications committee, Smith absolutely rejected Roberts's ideas, protesting their publication to the Quorum of the Twelve and the First Presidency. While this conflict brewed behind the scenes, Smith publicly denounced the idea of an old Earth and pre-Adamites in a speech. In response, Talmage gave a talk endorsing the possibility of an older Earth, highlighting some public disagreement among church leaders. Ultimately, the First Presidency chose not to endorse either side and requested both men cease public conflict on the issue, preventing Roberts's book from being published at that time. Smith, however, outlived many of his contemporaries and later published his own book, Man His Origin and Destiny, which strongly attacked Darwinism and the higher criticism of the Bible. Family Trauma Smith's career as a defender of traditional beliefs was significantly shaped by his upbringing and early experiences. His father, Joseph F. Smith, was called to testify before Congress during the Reed Smoot hearings. During these hearings, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (RLDS), led by descendants of Joseph Smith Jr., saw an opportunity. Richard Evans, an RLDS apostle, issued broadsides accusing the LDS Church of corruption, denouncing Brigham Young for originating polygamy and blood atonement, and claiming the RLDS Church was the true successor to Joseph Smith. This became a "family feud.” Joseph F. Smith was infuriated and asked his son, Joseph Fielding Smith, to refute Richard Evans. This charge launched Joseph Fielding Smith into a career of research and writing, focusing on apologetics – the defense of religious beliefs. He published pamphlets refuting Evans, arguing that polygamy originated with Joseph Smith Jr., not Brigham Young. This pamphlet feud led to exchanges in newspaper op-ed pages and solidified Smith's path. He began working in the Church Historian's office during this time and soon became Church Historian, serving for decades until he became Church President in 1970. Fight with Academics His long tenure as Church Historian meant he had significant influence. Unlike contemporaries like Talmage, Widtsoe, Joseph Merrill, Adam Bennion, and B.H. Roberts who sought to engage with the rising world of professional academia and show Mormonism as respectable by their standards, Smith viewed professional academics with suspicion. He saw many as hostile to faith, pointing to academic works that explained religious experiences through non-religious lenses, such as a biography suggesting Joseph Smith Jr. was epileptic. Smith believed these scholars were "out to destroy religion" and therefore he saw no need to build bridges with them. Hiding First Vision? A significant controversy involving his time as Church Historian concerns the 1832 account of Joseph Smith's First Vision. This early account was contained in a diary under Joseph Fielding Smith's custody. At some point, three pages containing this account were removed from the diary. While it is unclear who exactly removed the pages, Smith is considered a plausible candidate because the document was in his custody, specifically in his office safe. However, other people also had access to the archives. Smith did later show the 1832 account to a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy. The removed leaves were eventually restored by archivists in the 1990s. Smith was ultimately blamed for the incident, as allowing such treatment of a "priceless document" was considered quite scandalous regardless of who performed the action. Joseph Fielding Smith's legacy is complex, marked by his unwavering dedication to defending the faith as he understood it against perceived threats from both inside and outside the church. Is the Church changing with regards to academics & evolution? Do you agree that the defensiveness of JFS continues to be seen in the modern Church?


    Newest Biography of Joseph Fielding Smith May 23, 2025
    Show notes

    Dr. Matthew Bowman has just released a new biography on Joseph Fielding Smith. Bowman is the Howard W. Hunter Chair of Mormon Studies at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California. The Mormon Studies chair Bowman holds at Claremont Graduate University is the oldest in the country, having been established over 15 years ago. Bowman is the third person to hold the chair, following Richard Bushman and Patrick Mason. Patrick Mason left Claremont to take the chair at Utah State University. https://youtu.be/6VrK15TQVcY Don’t miss our other episodes with Dr Matthew Bowman! https://gospeltangents.com/people/matthew-bowman/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission. Mormon Studies Other Mormon studies chairs exist at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley (held by Deidre J Green), and the University of Virginia. Although not directly affiliated with Claremont, the late Jan Shipps is credited with making the study of the Mormon tradition a legitimate academic pursuit for those outside the tradition, enabling universities like Claremont without historical ties to Mormonism to establish such a chair. Before the endowed chair, Anne Taves, a professor interested in Mormonism, taught American religious history at CGU, and Armand Mauss was involved in fundraising and occasionally taught classes. Introductions to Mormon Thought Bowman is also involved in the "Introductions to Mormon Thought" book series, which he co-edits with Joseph Spencer. Published by the University of Illinois, the series aims to stimulate the growth of Mormon intellectual history through accessible introductory volumes on important Mormon thinkers. The series broadly defines "Mormon thinkers" to include artists like CCA Christensen and Minerva Teichert, alongside more traditional intellectuals. The books are intended to be short, accessible, and explore how these individuals influenced how members of the Mormon tradition understood themselves. The series uses the term "Mormon" intentionally broadly to encompass all denominations and movements originating from Joseph Smith's work, including fundamentalist Mormons and figures from the Community of Christ. While initially planned for 10-15 books, the series is doing well and is expected to continue. Other volumes in the series cover figures such as Eugene England (by Christine Hagund), Vardis Fisher (by Mike Austin), Sonia Johnson (by Chris Talbot), Lowell Bennion (by George Handley), Hugh Nibley (by Joseph Spencer), and Richard Bushman (by JB Haws). A future volume is planned on Eliza R. Snow (by Deidre Green), and Bowman hopes for one on Sheri Dew. Joseph Fielding Smith Bowman chose to write his book in the series about Joseph Fielding Smith, though his initial interest was in Bruce R. McConkie. He agreed to write about Smith instead to secure another author's participation in the series. Bowman views Joseph Fielding Smith as Bruce R. McConkie's intellectual parent and considers him the most significant LDS theologian of the 20th century, leaving a deeper and more persistent mark than others like James E. Talmage. While McConkie was influential, Bowman sees him more as a systematizer of his father-in-law's ideas rather than being an original. Other significant 20th/21st-century Mormon thinkers mentioned include B.H. Roberts, Margarita Bautista, Sheri Dew, and Leverne Parmley.. A significant fact about Joseph Fielding Smith is that he was the grandson of Hyrum Smith and the son of Joseph F. Smith. Bowman emphasizes that being a "Smith" was incredibly important to Fielding Smith, shaping his sense of duty and responsibility to continue his family's work. His memories of his father and uncle's violent deaths and his father's need to hide from federal marshals profoundly influenced him, fostering a sense of defensiveness and a perception that the world was hostile and persecuted the family for their beliefs. This background deeply marked his legacy and understanding of his life's mission. Bowman suggests that Joseph Fielding Smith contributed significantly to fostering a "circle the wagons mentality" within the church. Unlike figures such as John A. Widtsoe and B.H. Roberts, who sought dialogue with the outside world, Fielding Smith saw it as threatening and believed his job was to defend the church against those trying to destroy the truth. This defensive posture spread among his followers and readers, increasingly becoming the church's general mentality, perhaps starting earlier than often assumed, possibly in the 1930s with his opposition to evolution. This opposition led to public disagreements, including with James E. Talmage, who endorsed the idea of an older earth. Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission.


    Margaret Toscano Reflects on Faith, Pain, & Legacy of Sept 6 (4 of 4) May 21, 2025
    Show notes

    In our final conversation with Dr Margaret Toscano, we'll discuss the chapter in Sara Patterson's book, "The Sept 6 & the Struggle for the Soul of Mormonism." Margaret will discuss her and her husband Paul's reaction to Sara's descriptions of them in the book. Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/LqxYh6QHY3E Don’t miss our other conversations about the Sept Six: https://gospeltangents.com/mormon_history/sept-six/ Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Beyond the Sept 6 More than two decades after the events known as the "Sept 6," Margaret Toscano offers a candid look back, reflecting on the pain of excommunication, the evolution of her personal beliefs, and how she and her husband, Paul Toscano, hope to be remembered beyond that defining moment. Margaret highlights what she feels Patterson's book misses about her and others' journeys since 2003. Toscano reveals that her 2003 interview, featured in the book, captured a time of significant pain. Being kicked out of one's church, even for someone who might not be a "Believer," is deeply painful, particularly when it's tied to one's heritage and family, a sentiment she notes is also true for others like David Wright. She is proud of her ability to navigate that pain and notes the documentation of it in the book is important. Contrary to advice she received to simply "walk away" from Mormonism to heal, Toscano felt compelled to stay engaged. She identifies as Mormon, distinguishing this from being LDS (a member of the LDS Church), and views it as her ethnicity and heritage. This identity is crucial to her, and she has continued to write, research, and discuss Mormon issues, currently working on a book about Heavenly Mother.. Over the past twenty years, Toscano's spiritual journey has evolved. While not a "true believing Mormon," she has reached a point where she can openly say she is a Believer on some level, a stance she felt ashamed of years ago. Her ideas of God are complex and not aligned with traditional Mormon views, but she believes in God, an afterlife, and the soul. She describes herself as a "skeptic believer," a person who doubts everything but has also had experiences that affirm her faith. Crucially, she feels able to claim her spirituality openly, something she couldn't do as easily two decades prior. She asserts that being a scholar and an intellectual is compatible with having faith. A major point of reflection for Toscano is the legacy she and Paul desire. They explicitly state they do not want the September Six to be the sole definition of who they were. Margaret doesn't want to be remembered "simply as a dissident," nor does Paul want to be remembered simply as one of the Sept 6. Toscano highlights that Paul's faith journey continued significantly after 2007, when the book reportedly leaves him having lost his faith. Paul has since "found his faith again," seeing himself as a Mormon Christian with a deep testimony of Jesus Christ, which informs his interpretation of the Book of Mormon and his extensive writing. Margaret is immensely proud of Paul's intellectual output, which includes some fifteen books—theology, memoir, novels, essays, and more. She wishes for him to be remembered primarily as a "man of Mormon letters," an important Mormon intellectual, and a brilliant writer. As for herself, Toscano hopes to be remembered as an important Mormon scholar and a beloved teacher at the University of Utah, emphasizing her continued work and care for the Mormon community. She underscores the importance of remembering and being remembered, noting her critique that the book overlooks the continued contributions and experiences of many involved in the 1993 events, including her own work and relationships since 2003. Toscano also touches on the changes she's observed in Mormon studies and at the Sunstone conference, where she was a frequent participant for decades.. She feels Mormon studies has become polarized, with some scholars unwilling to cite excommunicated individuals like herself. Sunstone, she believes, has shifted from a strong emphasis on scholarship, which included diverse perspectives from theologians, philosophers, and social scientists, to focusing more on personal experiences. This shift, she suggests, has made it harder for active, questioning church members, who previously found a space there, to feel represented or find sessions relevant to them. She notes the current dynamic often includes Community of Christ members, fundamentalists, and "angry ex-Mormons," with less middle ground for scholarship or differing points of view from within the church. Despite the changes, she's glad Sunstone continues. In reflecting on her life and work, Margaret Toscano makes clear that while the September Six was a significant event, it is only one chapter in a long and complex story of scholarship, faith, pain, resilience, and an enduring connection to her Mormon heritage What are your thoughts on Margaret's scholarship, Sunstone, & the September Six? Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


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