Editors in Conversation

At-Home Collection and Testing for STIs Nov 11, 2024

So you want validated, at-home, self-collected swabs for STI testing… Here's what you need to know!

Sexually transmitted infection rates continue to climb across the US and while testing for these diseases is widely available, for the most part it requires the patient to go to a local clinic to collect and submit their sample for testing. But, is that really necessary, especially from a test accuracy perspective? Today’s guests answer that exact question. And I’m sure that many, if not all of us would agree that the ability for patients to collect samples outside of a clinical setting has numerous benefits, including what the authors refer to as pseudo-anonymity, increased comfort and ultimately increased access to testing, which would be of particular value for patients that may avoid clinical settings due to various different socioeconomic barriers.

Watch this episode: https://youtu.be/40XCHpAFvqw

Guests:

Dr. Breland Hockman, who is a board certified clinical chemist and the Director of Clinical Affairs at LetsGetChecked.com
Dr. Dina Greene, Clinical Professor at University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and former Associate Lab Director at LetsGetChecked.com

Links:

Overcoming analytical and preanalytical challenges associated with extragenital home collected STI specimens
Join ASM for up to 50% off the publication fees when you publish in JCM or any of the ASM journals.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter/𝕏 via @JClinMicro

High Level Meeting on AMR at the United Nations: A Debrief Oct 26, 2024

The second High-Level Meeting on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) took place in New York on 26 September 2024 as the principal official, health-focused event during the UN General Assembly high-level week. The intergovernmental negotiations for the declaration were co-facilitated by Malta and Barbados. A political declaration for the meeting was produced highlighting the fact that AMR will cause even more global suffering, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this episode we will debrief and analyze the possible impact of these meetings and consequences for the future of AMR research and antimicrobial development.

Topics discussed:

The political implications of the UN declaration on AMR.
Comment of the scientific and public health impact of the declaration
Elaborate on future antimicrobial research and development

Guests:

John Rex, MD. Chief Medical Officer, F2G Ltd; Operating Partner, Advent Life Sciences
Prabha Fernandes, PhD. Board Member of GARDP (Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership).

Links:

HLM on AMR at UNGA: The end of the beginning
29 April 2024: “R&D Implications: Global Burden of Disease is 28% Infectious!”
27 Sep 2024: “Without action, AMR costs go from $66b to $159b/yr by 2050”

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal.

Visit asm.org/aa c to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

The Launch of ASM Case Reports Journal Oct 11, 2024

The American Society for Microbiology is launching a new journal, ASM Case Reports. The journal is already accepting submissions and will begin publishing in January of 2025. We discuss ASM Case Reports and what you can expect from this new journal.

Watch this episode: https://youtu.be/zHdZL0PYTuE Some of the questions we will discuss include:

What is the scope of ASM Case Reports?
What makes a case report or case series interesting and important?
Why should people publish in ASM Case Reports?

Guests:

Dr. Carey-Ann Burnham (twitter/𝕏)

Learn more about ASM Case Reports Journal:

journals.asm.org/journal/asmcr

Links:

Join ASM for up to 50% off the publication fees when you publish in JCM or any of the ASM journals.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter/𝕏 via @JClinMicro

Heteroresistance: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Clinical Implications Sep 13, 2024

Heteroresistance is a phenomenon that has been well characterized for many years. However, we are only now starting to understand its mechanistic basis. Indeed, the manner how bacteria respond to antibiotics is complex and phenomena such as persistance, tolerance may be overlapping with heteroresistance. Furthermore, heteroresistance seems to be common in real clinical scenarios and understanding its basis is likely to open new avenues on how we deploy antibacterials in clinical practice., Today, we have experts in the field to discuss this important topic.

Watch this episode at https://youtu.be/qcIcyn1bIHU.

Topics discussed:

The differences between heteroresistance, persistence and tolerance
The mechanistic basis both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
The clinical implication and diagnosis of heteroresistance

Guests:

David Weiss, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine and Director Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, Emory University School Of Medicine, Atlanta. GA.
William Miller, MD. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.

Links:

Cefiderocol heteroresistance associated with mutations in TonB-dependent receptor genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of clinical origin

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal.

Visit asm.org/aa c to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/joinasm to sign up.

Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic.

Microbiology in the Headlines: H5N1 in Dairy Cattle, The Plague, Measles, Neosporin and more! Aug 16, 2024

Join Dr. Ben Pinsky and Dr. Greg Berry as they dissect recent news stories, including the USDA's testing for H5N1 in ground beef and a surprising bubonic plague case in Oregon. They also tackle the resurgence of measles in the U.S., the local reappearance of malaria, and a curious study on Neosporin's potential to prevent viral infections.

Overview:

H5N1 Influenza Virus: Dr. Ben Pinsky provides an update on recent cases of H5N1 in humans and animals, including concerns about dairy cattle infections and the potential for human transmission.
Bubonic Plague: Dr. Greg Berry discusses a recent case in Oregon, its transmission through cats, and the historical context of the plague.
Measles: The resurgence of measles in the U.S. is addressed, with Dr. Pinsky noting an increase in cases compared to previous years and emphasizing the importance of vaccination.
Malaria: The episode covers recent cases of locally acquired malaria in the U.S. and discusses the history of malaria in America.
Neosporin and Viral Infections: The hosts examine a study suggesting Neosporin might prevent viral infections and discuss the implications and practicality of this claim.

Guests:

Links:

Join ASM for up to 50% off the publication fees when you publish in JCM or any of the ASM journals.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter/𝕏 via @JClinMicro

The Global Preclinical Antibacterial Pipeline Jul 26, 2024

The pipeline of antibiotic discovery is a major necessity due to the continuous evolution of resistance to currently used antimicrobials. This pipeline faces important challenges due to the lack of investment on antimicrobial research in the private sector and an economic model that discourages investment. In the last few years, however, encouraging signs are occurring but major gaps still remain. The World Health Organization has regularly assessed the preclinical and clinical antibacterial development pipeline and the latest report is now available in the journal, lets discuss it!

Watch this episode: https://youtu.be/IgqWmHDIx-0

Topics discussed:

The process for review of the antibacterial pipeline.
The progress and gaps in antibiotic discovery
The opportunities to overcome the numerous hurdles in the early stages of the antibacterial research and development space

Guest:

Valeria Gigante Ph.D., Team Lead at the World Health Organization's (WHO) in the AMR Division, Geneva, Switzerland.

Link:

Multi-year analysis of the global preclinical antibacterial pipeline: trends and gaps.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Turning the Output of the Microbiology Laboratory Into Gold Jun 28, 2024

The European alchemists of the 12th century sought to find the philosopher’s stone, a substance that would transmute base metals, such as lead, into precious metals, such as silver and gold. Today, we discuss whether data analysis, including machine learning, can transmute base laboratory data into precious clinical tools. We will use antimicrobial susceptibility testing as a case-study for new applications of data analysis. Some of the questions we will address include:

How can relatively simple data analyses be used to build upon current methods of verification of antimicrobial susceptibility testing?
How do commercial systems analyze individual susceptibility results and can we improve on this analysis using new methods?
Finally, what is the long-term potential for leveraging laboratory data and other clinical data to improve and support clinical decision making? And what needs to happen to realize this goal?

Guests:

Dr. Sanjat Kanjilal (twitter/𝕏)

Links:

Join ASM for up to 50% off the publication fees when you publish in JCM or any of the ASM journals.
Watch this episode: youtu.be/rWuQ0nSWL1Y

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Training in Antimicrobial Resistance: Gaps and Opportunities Jun 01, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a priority public health problem with complex roots and connotations. However, due to a lack of focus on this topic, research training programs, specifically those focused on AMR are limited. Additionally, scientific meetings that particularly highlight the science of antimicrobial resistance are scarce. We recently published a commentary that evaluates the state-of-the-art of the training programs in AMR in the US. We discuss this topic with the leading author and discussed the issue with leaders in the field.

Topics discussed:

The challenges that training in AMR poses and how to approach them.
The current status of training programs in the USA
Specific strategies that could improve the access and dissemination of AMR research

Guest:

William M Shafer, PhD, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Director Antimicrobial Resistance and Therapeutic Discovery Training Program.
Lee H. Harrison, M.D. Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Associate chief of epidemiology and education Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Director University of Pittsburgh Antimicrobial Resistance T32 Program

Links:

Ensuring a sustained workforce to combat antibiotic resistance in the 21st century: the critical need for training the next-gen of scientists at the pre-doctoral level

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

10 Years of Rhodococcus: Clinical Trends and Susceptibility Profiles Apr 19, 2024

Rhodococcus infections are uncommon, however they can cause serious disease in certain patients. There are a number of challenges though when dealing with Rhodococcus infections, including the fact that much of what we know around their susceptibility profiles and the clinical management of infected individuals actually comes from a number case series and in some situations, from the veterinary literature. So today, our two guests are going to tell us about their experiences with Rhodococcus over a 10-year period and bring us up-to-speed on things like:

Which species of Rhodococcus are most commonly isolated and associated with clinical disease
What is the recommended approach to susceptibility testing for Rhodococcus and what sorts of susceptibility trends do we see at both the genus and species levels
And also, of course, we’re going to talk about the clinical manifestations and outcomes of clinically significant Rhodococcus infections

Guests:

Adi S. Shah, M.B.B.S., Mayo Clinic
Nancy L. Wengenack, Ph.D., Mayo Clinic

Rhodococcus infection: a 10-year retrospective analysis of clinical experience and antimicrobial susceptibility profile | Journal of Clinical Microbiology This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro. Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Why Phage Therapy May Fail Apr 05, 2024

Phage therapy has gained a lot of traction but the challenges created by this approach have not been properly assessed at a big scale. We often read about therapy successes on isolated cases but, rarely, we read or hear about failures. AAC recently published a case series of patients who failed phage therapy. Today, we will discuss this topic with the principal investigator on the research.

Topics discussed:

Phage therapy as an approach for MDR bacteria.
The challenges of phage therapies.
Issues that can influence the success of phage therapy

Guest:

Saima Aslam, MBBS. Director, Solid Organ Transplant Infectious Diseases Service, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.

Article:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventricular assist device infections: findings from ineffective phage therapies in five cases https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.01728-23

Questions Answered:

How are we doing with phage therapy at this point?
What are the challenges to deploy phage therapy in clinical settings?
The 5 cases of failure of phage therapy in patients with LVADs summarized
What factors did Dr. Aslam identify that were related with the failure?
How do you develop neutralization against phages and how can you prevent it?
Bacterial isolates with varying phage susceptibility, how can this be detected?
What did Dr. Aslam learn?
Future research

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Is Lophomonas a Pathogen? Feb 23, 2024

The protozoan Lophomonas has been reported to be a pathogen of humans in a large number of case reports and case series. Most of these case reports describe infections of the respiratory tract. Editors in Conversation is joined by two experts to discuss this possible parasite. Some of the questions addressed include:

What are the characteristics of the species in the genus Lophomonas?
What are the laboratory and morphological data that suggest that Lophomonas species cause human infections?
What are the purported clinical manifestations of Lophomonas?
Finally, is Lophomonas truly a pathogen of humans?

Guests:

Dr. Abhishek Mewara - Additional Professor in the Department of Medical Parasitology at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India.
Dr. Bobbi Pritt - Chair of the Division of Clinical Microbiology and Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic.

“Lophomonas as a respiratory pathogen—jumping the gun,” by Abhishek Mewara, Gillian H. Gile, Blaine Mathison, Huan Zhao, Bobbi Pritt, and Richard S. Bradbury (https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.00845-23).

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Feb 09, 2024

Tuberculosis is one of the most deadly infectious diseases that still causes significant burden of disease, particularly in the developing world. The emergence of resistance to first line agents severely limits the therapeutic options and threaten the ability to control dissemination of this disease. Fortunately, new drugs and regimens are now emerging as important alternatives against these organisms. Today, we will discuss this topic with outstanding experts in the field. Welcome to the editors in conversation.

Topics discussed:

The burden of multidrug-resistant TB.
New drugs and regimens for MDR TB.
The current and future pipeline for TB

Guests:

Kelly Dooley, MD Ph.D. Professor and Addison B. Scoville, Jr., Chair in Medicine, Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Past Editor of AAC
Sean Wasserman, MD Ph.D, Reader in Infectious Diseases at St Georges University of London and Associate Professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine at University of Cape Town, SA. Editor of AAC.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

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New generation B-lactam/B-lactamase inhibitors: Taniborbactam Jan 13, 2024

A new generation of B-lactamase inhibitors is likely to reach the market in the upcoming year. These broad-spectrum inhibitors exhibit activity against the most feared class B metallo-B-lactamases maintaining the inhibition of other enzymes. Recently AAC has published three papers that describe the mechanistic bases of taniborbactam resistance among metallo-enzymes. This knowledge is crucial to understand the limitation of these compounds in clinical practice. Today, we will discuss this topic with some of the authors of the mentioned papers. Welcome to the editors in conversation.

Topics discussed:

The activity and chemical basis of new generation B-lactamase inhibitors with activity against metallo-B-lactamases.
Taniborbactam as an example of novel B-lactam, B-lactam inhibitors
Mechanisms of resistance to taniborbactam and other inhibitors

Guest:

Robert Bonomo, MD. Director of the VA CARES Center and Distinguished Professor at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine. Past Editor of AAC
Pranita Tamma, MD MPH. Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Editor of AAC
Alejandro Vila, PhD Professor of Biophysics, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.

AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac.

Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Favorite Clinical Microbiology Papers of 2023 (JCM ed.) Dec 23, 2023

We managed to make it through 2023 without a major epidemic or pandemic, and as we get into the holiday spirit and look forward to the new year, some of us took a look back and picked out one of our favorite JCM paper published in 2023, which I will tell you, was no easy task as there were many of good ones to choose from! And personally, after looking through all the issues over the last year, it never ceases to amaze me the variety of topics that we publish on in JCM – including unique things like the evaluation of a molecular assay for diagnosis of Buruli ulcers, to development of an EIA for detection of Taenia coproantigen, and then of course we have the more bread and butter things like evaluation of new assays for detection of TB resistance, to multiple studies this year on women’s health diagnostics, and evaluation of new molecular assays for congenital CMV detection, and then I’m also told that there were some awesome AST-focused papers too, which is all just great. The four of us JCM editors have selected the following favorite papers of ours from the past year:

Guests:

Melissa Miller, Ph.D., D(ABMM), FAAM, University of North Carolina Medical Center
Patricia Simner, Ph.D., D(ABMM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (JCM ed.) Dec 05, 2023

Gonorrhea remains one of the more common sexually transmitted infections. In North America, the number of reported cases has generally risen for over ten years, with interruptions in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by returns to rising rates of infection. Under the selective pressure of antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial resistance has risen, which has led to limited options for treatment Today, we will be discussing antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, including these questions: • How accurate is gradient diffusion susceptibility testing when compared to agar-dilution results? • Should we use analysis of whole genome sequencing results or agar dilution phenotypic results as the gold-standard for antibiotic susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae? • What is the utility of beta-lactamase testing for predicting penicillin susceptibility results in N. gonorrhoeae?

Guests:

Dr. Tanis Dingle, Clinical Microbiologist at Alberta Precision Laboratories and a Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Calgary.
Dr. Angela Ma., Clinical Microbiologist at Public Health Ontario.

Link:

Use of genome sequencing to resolve differences in gradient diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing performance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Alberta, Canada

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

New Antifungals (AAC ed.) Nov 10, 2023

In the last few years we have witnessed the rise of very resistant fungal species some of them likely influenced by environmental conditions and climate change. Fortunately, there has been a bit of an explosion in the development of new antifungals and the pipeline has been strengthened in the last decade. We will have the ability to have new molecules with distinct and novel mechanisms of action in the near future that may contribute to combat recalcitrant fungal infections.

Topics discussed:

The overall threat of fungal resistance.
The antifungal pipeline in the last few years.
New promising antifungals

Guests:

Andreas Groll, MD PhD, Professor of Pediatrics, Head of the Infectious Disease Research Programme and Deputy Director of the Department of Haematology/Oncology at the University Children's Hospital in Münster, Germany. Editor AAC

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.

AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac.

Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

A Novel Coccidioides Antibody LFA (JCM ed.) Oct 20, 2023

Despite the many advances in diagnostic testing for infectious diseases, detection of Coccidoides infections continues to rely on serologic assessment for anti-fungal antibodies, and what is perhaps more astonishing is that the serologic methods we use today, such as complement fixation and immunodiffusion, were first developed about a century ago. These assays are technically challenging to maintain and perform, and as a result few labs offer this testing, and even if performed on-site, testing can take up to 3 days complete, so there is definitely room for improvement. So today, we are talking about a study that aimed to modernize and improve our current options and diagnostic approach for Valley Fever, using a simpler and definitely faster lateral flow immunoassay. And as an added bonus, the study was not homo sapien-centric.

Guests:

Dr. Francisca Grill, Chief Scientific Officer at Cactus Bio
Dr. Tom Grys, Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and co-Director of the Clinical Microbiology laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Arizona

Links:

Development of a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of anti-coccidioidal antibodies

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Climate Change and Antimicrobial Resistance (AAC ed.) Oct 07, 2023

Climate change is possibly the major threat that planet earth is experiencing in this century with potential catastrophic consequences. As the planet warms, the change in weather patterns is affecting the microbial ecology in such a manner that humans are facing new health threats including emerging diseases and facing species of organisms that are more likely to survive these new climatic conditions and resist clinically useful antimicrobials.

Topics discussed:

The global threat of global warming.
Climate change and change sin microbial ecology.
The consequences of climate change and emergence of new infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Guests:

Arturo Casadeval MD, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, Alfred & Jill Sommer Professor and Chair Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Editor in Chief of mBio, Member of the National Academy of Sciences

Emerging Antifungal-Resistant Dermatophytes (JCM ed.) Sep 22, 2023

Fungi that are resistant to antifungal drugs have been very much in the news and even the subject of the hugely popular television program, The Last of Us. We talk with two experts in mycology and fungal susceptibility testing about the recent descriptions of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes in the United States.

Some of the questions we will address include: • What are the manifestations of infections caused by terbinafine-resistant dermatophytes? • What species, including novel species, of dermatophytes are more commonly resistant to terbinafine? • How common is terbinafine resistance in dermatophytes in the U.S.?

Guests:

- Dr. Shawn Lockhart - Senior Advisor at the Centers for Disease Control

- Dr. Nathan Wiederhold - Director of the Fungus Testing Laboratory and a Professor at UT Health San Antonio.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. Editors in conversation is supported by the American Society for Microbiology, which publishes JCM. If you are a member of ASM, you can get up to 50% off the publication fees when you publish in JCM or any of the ASM journals.

Visit https://journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow EIC, Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at https://twitter.com/ETheelPhD.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Artificial Intelligence and Infectious Diseases (AAC ed.) Sep 08, 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the way we practice medicine and public health. The tools and AI approaches can substantially impact a broad range of fields from the manner we approach patient care to strategies to discover new antimicrobials, track pandemics and deploy public health measures. AAC recently published a commentary on the impact of AI in infectious diseases and we have a conversation with the lead author of the manuscript and a expert guest who is applying these concepts in real time.

Topics discussed:

Basic concepts of AI and different applications.
How AI can affect the practice of infectious diseases and antimicrobial research.
Specific examples in which AI may have a transformative effect in the future.

Guests:

Lilian Abbo, MD MBA. Associate CMO Infectious Diseases, Professor of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami Transplant Institute
Masayuki Nigo, MD, MSc. Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Section of Transplant Infectious Diseases.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Viral Outbreaks in the Headlines (JCM ed.) Aug 18, 2023

Dr. Elli Theel and Dr. Alex McAdam discuss recent viral outbreaks with expert virologists. Recorded before a live audience at ASM Microbe 2023.

Topics:

What are the recent epidemiologic and diagnostic findings with Mpox?
What are the reservoirs for influenza A H5N1 and how is it transmitted to humans?
Why was there such a large number of cases of human metapneumovirus this past respiratory virus season?

Guests:

Dr. Ben Pinsky, Director of the Clinical Virology laboratory and Professor of Pathology and Medicine at Stanford Health Care and the Stanford University School of Medicine
Dr. Ryan Relich, Director of Clinical Microbiology and the Special Pathogens Unit laboratory at IU Health and Eskenazi Health and an Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Indiana University School of Medicine

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

AAC Launches a New Section Focused On Antimicrobial Stewardship (AAC ed.) Aug 04, 2023

In response to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the critical role antimicrobial stewardship plays in optimizing antibiotic use and reducing the subsequent emergence of AMR, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy is excited to add a new section to the journal focused on antimicrobial stewardship studies. Combatting the devastating burden of AMR requires novel, multipronged approaches from clinicians and scientists alike. Launching this new section is an important step in disseminating cutting-edge research that will have notable implications in the global fight against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

Topics discussed:

The role of antimicrobial stewardship in preventing emerging of resistance.
The types of high-quality manuscripts that AAC is seeking in this area.
Encourage excellence in antimicrobial stewardship research.

Guests:

Pranita Tamma, MD MPH, Associate Professor of Pediatrics Director, Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MA, Editor AAC.
Ryan Shields PharmD, MS. Associate Professor of Medicine, Co-Director, Antibiotic Management Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Editor AAC.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Susceptibility Testing for Aztreonam with Ceftazidime-Avibactam (JCM ed.) Jul 13, 2023

The combination of aztreonam with ceftazidime-avibactam is increasingly used for treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Clinical laboratories are asked to perform susceptibility testing using this combination, but many laboratory directors have been unsure how to approach this. Today, we’ll discuss a recent paper in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology in which the investigators evaluated a promising method for testing this combination of two antimicrobials and a beta-lactamase inhibitor. We will also discuss the rational for combining these agents, as well as what lab directors should consider before validating and offering this susceptibility testing.

Guests:

Dr. Trish Simner - Director of the Medical Bacteriology and Infectious Disease Sequencing Laboratories, Johns Hopkins Hospital
Dr. Romney Humphries - Director of the Division of Laboratory Medicine and the Medical Director of the Microbiology Laboratory at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Links:

Multicenter Evaluation of an MIC-Based Aztreonam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam Broth Disk Elution Test

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Hispanic Leadership in Vaccine Sciences With Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi (AAC ed.) Jun 30, 2023

Recorded at ASM Microbe 2023, Cesar has a conversation with Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi about the role of minority women in science and discovery, the journey of Hispanic women in science and the current challenges posed by society to deliver science and global health equity.

Guest:

Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi - Sr. Associate Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, Distinguished Professor of Biology at Baylor University, Waco

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Updates on Testing for Vaginitis/Vaginosis (JCM ed.) Jun 03, 2023

As many of you are likely aware, May is recognized as Women’s Health Care Month by the National Cervical Cancer Coalition, and this year, the CDC has identified the week of May 14th as National Women’s Health Week. So, what better way to recognize these national events on the podcast than to talk about diagnostics for a number of extremely common and uniquely female issues – of course, I’m talking about infectious causes of vaginitis and vaginosis. Classically, diagnosis of these infections has been done at the point-of-care using wet mount microscopy and assessment for various clinical criteria, all approaches associated with some interpretive subjectivity, and let’s say imperfect performance characteristics. As a result, molecular solutions for detection of the various pathogens associated with vaginitis and vaginosis are now increasingly available for use in clinical laboratories, and also at the point-of-care, and as is the post-COVID trend, a number of these assays, including the one we are going to discuss today, can be performed on both clinician and patient self-collected samples

Guests:

Dr. Rebecca Lillis - Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine at Louisiana State University Health Science Center and the Medical Director of the LSU-CrescentCare Sexual Health Center in New Orleans.
Dr. Barbara Van Der Pol - Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the University of Alabama at Birmingham

Links:

Clinical Evaluation of a New Molecular Test for the Detection of Organisms Causing Vaginitis and Vaginosis

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Management of Difficult to Treat HSV and CMV Infections (AAC ed.) May 01, 2023

As the number of immunocompromised patients rise in our hospitals, the presentation of severe infections caused by HSV and CMV are rising. Most importantly, lack of response and documented resistance are becoming more frequently observed.

Topics discussed:

The clinical problems caused by resistant HSV and CMV infections.
Mechanisms of resistance in these organisms.
Insights into novel therapeutic approaches to treat resistant gonococcal infections.

Guests:

Christine M. Johnston, MD, MPH - Associate Professor Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Adjunct Associate Professor, Virology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Roy Chemaly, MD, MPH - Professor of Medicine, Chief Infection Control Officer, Director, Clinical Virology Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Susceptibility Testing for Piperacillin-Tazobactam (JCM ed.) Apr 08, 2023

Susceptibility testing for piperacillin-tazobactam has undergone rapid evolution, largely driven by some surprising results from the MERINO trial, which compared the efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem for treatment of patients with ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. We discuss how the results of the MERINO trial led to reconsideration of breakpoints for pipercillin-tazobactam at the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, or CLSI, how the breakpoints were changed, and how well commercial platforms perform piperacillin-tazobactam testing using FDA or CLSI breakpoints. Spoiler alert: the news isn’t great. If you are interested in beta-lactam/beta lactamase combinations, you should check out the previous episode of this podcast, hosted by our friend Dr. Cesar Arias, the Editor-in-Chief of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Cesar and the guests did a great review of recent developments in this fast-moving area.

Guests:

Dr. Trish Simner - Director of the Medical Bacteriology and Infectious Disease Sequencing Laboratories, Johns Hopkins Hospital
Dr. Romney Humphries - Director of the Division of Laboratory Medicine and the Medical Director of the Microbiology Laboratory at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (AAC ed.) Mar 24, 2023

The Center of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized emergent resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae as an “urgent” public health problem. We discuss the emerging problem of gonorrhea and implications for public health with experts in the field

Topics discussed:

The clinical implications of resistance to B-lactams and quinolones in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Mechanisms of resistance in these organisms
Insights into therapeutic approaches to treat resistant gonococcal infections.

Guests:

William M. Shafer, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Co-Director, Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center
Yonatan Grad, Melvin J. and Geraldine L. Glimcher Associate Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Avoiding HIV False Positives (JCM ed.) Feb 24, 2023

We can probably all agree that any false positive test result is bad, but I think it’s safe to say that some false positives, like a false positive HIV test for example, is much more anxiety provoking than others. And when it comes to HIV, there have been a number of key advances in the field over the past decade, include the development of improved diagnostics and optimized algorithmic approaches, all of which have allowed for earlier detection of infected patients, and particularly those with acute HIV. Among these advancements has been the development of 4th and 5th generation serologic assays, which offer multiple benefits over prior assay versions, but unfortunately, are not immune to the possibility of false positive results. So, confirmatory test remain a necessary – the challenge though is that depending on the institution and environment, the turnaround time for such confirmatory testing can be prolonged, leaving patients and clinicians in a kind of diagnostic limbo. So, is there a way to minimize the risk of false positive first-tier HIV serologic results? And that is the question will be the focus of our discussion today.

Watch this episode: https://youtu.be/kq61A3Jz67U

Guests:

Dr. Shivanjali Shankaran - Assistant Professor and ID Clinician in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Rush Medical Center in Chicago
Dr. Beverly Sha - Professor of Medicine, also in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Rush Medical Center

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel.

Visit https://journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow EIC, Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at https://twitter.com/ellitheelphd.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Discussing β-lactamase/β-lactamase inhibitors (AAC ed.) Feb 10, 2023

Novel β-lactamase/β-lactamase inhibitors have become critical drugs to combat the most resistant Gram-negative infections. A series of new compounds with even more broad and potent activity are in the horizon to add to the therapeutic armamentarium. Today, we will discuss these drugs with experts in the field.

Topics discussed:

BL/BLI combinations that are currently available in clinical practice.
Future perspectives of BL/BLI armamentarium.
Resistance developing for this class of antibiotics.

Guests:

Robert Bonomo. Professor, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Director of VA CARES Center, Cleveland, OH
Patricia A. Bradford Antimicrobial Development Specialists LLC, Nyack, New York, USA

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Molecular Testing for Periprosthetic Joint Infections (JCM ed.) Jan 14, 2023

The applications of large multiplex panels for detection of pathogens have greatly expanded in the past several years. Initial tests were for detection of respiratory viruses, and the first such test was labor intensive and vulnerable to frequent contamination. Since then, additional sample types have been added, such as cerebrospinal fluid and positive blood culture broths, and tests are easier to perform and reasonably reliable. We discuss a research use only multiplex PCR assay for detection of pathogens in joint infections, and learning how it compares to targeted metagenomic sequencing and culture for detection of pathogens in periprosthetic joint infections.

Guests:

Dr. Marisa Azad - Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases at The Ottawa Hospital and an Associate Clinical Scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute.
Dr. Robin Patel - Co-Director of the Bacteriology Laboratory at the Mayo Clinic, where she is Professor of Medicine and Professor of Microbiology.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

An Update on COVID-19 Therapeutics (AAC ed.) Dec 23, 2022

COVID-19 continues to pose major problems in the winter in the USA. Infections and hospitalizations are increasing and there is a fear of emergence of new variants. Therapeutic tools are also evolving. We discuss these new developments!

Watch the video version via: https://youtu.be/ElnahBl53e8

Topics discussed:

The latest facts on COVID
Current therapeutic approaches including antivirals and monoclonal antibodies
Future perspectives for the coming year on COVID-19.

Guests:

Adarsh Bhimraj, MD. Director of Education and Fellowships, Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodsit Hospital. Chair IDSA Guidelines for COVID-19.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.

AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac.

Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

The Best Clinical Microbiology Papers of 2022 (JCM Ed.) Dec 07, 2022

As we enter into the holiday season, many of us look forward to celebrating long-standing traditions with family and friends, which is no different from us here on the podcast! While not necessarily as long-standing as some of the other classic holiday traditions, after 2.5 years on air, we on this podcast have established our own end-of-year tradition, which is to take a look back at some of our favorite papers or more intriguing manuscripts published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology over the past year. And so as you’ll see, thanks to the different areas of expertise and general interest among our panel today, we’ve selected quite a variety of papers to discuss, ranging from evaluation of new blood culture systems to use of metagenomics for infective endocarditis and to the potential application of interferon gamma release assays for detection of Histoplasma infections. And so, suffice it to say, there will be something of interest for everyone listening. But, for those watching today, you are clearly getting an extra special treat as you get to see us do this episode wearing our best holiday gear and accessories.

Guest:

Dr. Trish Simner.

Links:

Nasal Swab Performance by Collection Timing, Procedure, and Method of Transport for Patients with SARS-CoV-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00569-21

Multicenter Postimplementation Assessment of the Positive Predictive Value of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Based Point-of-Care Tests Used for Screening of Asymptomatic Continuing Care Staff. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01411-21

Laboratory Safety: Handling Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates without a Biosafety Cabinet. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00424-21

The clinical utility of 2 high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing workflows for taxonomic assignment of unidentifiable bacterial pathogens in MALDI-TOF MS. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01769-21

Performance of Fully Automated Antimicrobial Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing Using Copan WASP Colibri Coupled to the Radian In-Line Carousel and Expert System. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00777-21

Benefits Derived from Full Laboratory Automation in Microbiology: A Tale of Four Laboratories. DOI https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01969-20

Reflex Detection of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Use of the SpeeDx ResistancePlus GC Assay. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00089-21

Comparative Performance of Latest-Generation and FDA-Cleared Serology Tests for the Diagnosis of Chagas Disease. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00158-21

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Sequence-Specific Purification of Urine Cell-Free DNA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00074-21

Indeterminate QuantiFERON Gold Plus Results Reveal Deficient Interferon Gamma Responses in Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00811-21

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

How Can Clinical Microbiology Labs Contribute to Antimicrobial Stewardship? (JCM ed.) Nov 18, 2022

Deciding how extensively to work up and report respiratory cultures is the worst. There are useful guidelines on how to approach this. But, in my experience, very few laboratories strictly follow these guidelines. That can be because of concerns about under-reporting pathogens or about over-reporting microbiota, or it can be the result of pressure from clinical staff to report more organisms than the guidelines suggest. Today, we’ll be talking with two guests about their study on how over-reporting of organisms from respiratory tract cultures can lead to over treatment with antimicrobials.

Guests:

Dr. Sarah Parker, pediatric infectious disease specialist at Children’s Hospital Colorado and the Medical Director of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program.
Dr. Andrea Prinzi, infectious disease medical science liason with bioMerieux.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Research Careers in Antimicrobial Resistance (AAC ed.) Nov 05, 2022

Antimicrobial resistance is the ‘silent pandemic’ and to tackle this challenging public health problem we need to attract the best and brightest. Today we will discuss pathways to work on this field with trainees who will be the next generation of outstanding researchers in the field, currently as part of different T32 training programs in the United States. Welcome to Editors in Conversation

Topics discussed:

Different pathways to follow careers in antimicrobial research
The challenges to follow an academic and research pathways
Future perspectives and guidance for early stage investigators who want to pursue research on antimicrobial resistance.

Guests:

Cheyenne Lee. 4th Year Ph.D. Candidate | McBride Lab, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG) Program Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) Graduate Student Representative, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. T32 predoctoral fellow
Edwin Chen, MD, PhD. Infectious Diseases Fellow, Postdoctoral T32 Fellow, University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA.
Kara Hood, PhD. Pos-doctoral T32 Fellow, Texas Medical Center Program in Antimicrobial Resistance, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (JCM ed.) Oct 08, 2022

The idea of applying machine learning and digital pathology platforms to everyday workflows in the clinical microbiology laboratory has become increasing intriguing and appealing, especially as labs continue to optimize efficiency in the midst of workforce shortages. The promise of this new digital frontier is multifold, including decreasing turnaround time and potentially cost, and freeing up technologist time to focus on higher yield activities in the lab. Many labs have now taken the initial leap into automated culture and imaging systems, but what’s next? Are the digital pathology AI algorithms ready for prime-time in clinical microbiology labs? Is the future now?

Guests:

Dr. Niaz Banaei, Medical Director of the Stanford Health Care Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and Professor of Pathology and Medicine at Stanford University
Dr. Dan Rhoads, Section Head of Microbiology at Cleveland Clinic

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Links/Refences:

Evaluation of MetaSystems automated fluorescent microscopy system for the machine-assisted detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical samples. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.01131-22
Computer vision and artifical intelligence are emerging diagnostic tools for the clinical microbiologist. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.00511-20?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

How Proposed Change to US Regulation Could Impact Clinical Microbiology Labs (JCM ed.) Sep 16, 2022

There are a number of regulatory proposals under consideration which could have important effects on clinical microbiology labs, and clinical labs more generally. First, the VALID act would change how clinical tests are regulated with particularly important implications for laboratory-developed tests. Second, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has proposed changes to the educational requirements for lab directors under CLIA and additional changes that would increase the fees that clinical labs pay to CMS. If you have been waiting for someone to explain these changes and how they could affect your lab, you’ve come to the right podcast.

Guests:

Dr. Melissa Miller, Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and a Professor at the University Of North Carolina School Of Medicine
Mary Lee Watts, Director of Federal Affairs at ASM

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Links:

ASM Submits Concerns On VALID Act. https://asm.org/Articles/Policy/2022/May-2022/VALID-Act
ASM Submits Comments to CMS on Proposed Rule for CLIA-Labs. https://asm.org/Articles/Policy/2022/Aug2022/ASM-Comments-on-CMS-Proposed-Rules-for-CLIA-Certif

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Management of Mycobacterium Abscessus Infections: The Rise of a Superbug (AAC ed.) Sep 02, 2022

Infections caused by Mycobacterium abscessus appear to be increasing in frequency among the immunocompromised population and are challenging to treat. Antibiotic options in these cases are scarce, prolonged therapy is required and new options are needed. We will discuss this important topic with experts in the field.

Topics discussed:

Define M. abscessus as an opportunistic pathoge
The intrinsic phenotypic characteristics of M. abscessus, including resistance to common antimicrobials
Treatment approaches and rationale for these strategies

Guests:

Kelly Dooley, MD. PhD, MPH. Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University and Editor of AAC
Charles L. Daley, MD, Professor and Chief of the Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections. National Jewish Health
Thomas Dick, PhD. Professor, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

This episode is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal available at aac.asm.org. If you plan to publish in AAC, ASM Members get up to 50% off publishing fees. Visit asm.org/membership to sign up

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

The Inoculum Effect of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (JCM ed.) Aug 20, 2022

The inoculum effect of antibiotic susceptibility testing is often discussed at playgrounds and infectious diseases conferences, but many of us don’t really have a clear definition of what it is or a good understanding of its importance.

We’ll be talking about the inoculum effect and susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus with cefazolin.

Some of the questions we’ll discuss are: • What exactly is the inoculum effect and how is it measured? • Does the inoculum effect have clinical significance? • How common is the inoculum effect with Staph aureus and cefazolin?

Diagnosis and Treatment of Monkeypox (AAC ed.) Aug 05, 2022

As July 26, the world has documented 19,188 cases of monkeypox, with 3,591 cases in the US alone, making the US the country with the most known infections amid the global outbreak. The WHO has declared monkeypox a public health emergency. Although this disease has been known for years, certain features suggest that we are facing a unique outbreak of monkeypox with the potential for worldwide spreading.

In this special podcast edition of Editors in Conversation we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox with experts in the field who have dealt with significant number of cases in the US.

Topics:

• The significance of the monkeypox outbreak • The approach for the diagnosis of monkeypox • The treatment approaches and prevention tools for monkeypox

This special episode is brought to you by Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journals.

Hosts: - Cesar A. Arias, Editor in Chief of AAC, - Dr. Elli Theel, Editor of JCM

This podcast is supported by the American Society for Microbiology, which publishes both JCM and AAC. Don’t forget to check the latest issues of JCM and AAC with outstanding papers on microbial diagnostics, mechanisms of resistance, pharmacology of antimicrobial agents, epidemiology and clinical therapeutics, among others.

Joining us to discuss this important topic are:

• Jason Zucker, MD. Assistant Professor of Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center and Infectious Diseases physician at New York-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center • Benjamin Pinsky, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Pathology and of Medicine (Infectious Diseases). Stanford University, palo Alto, CA. Medical Director of the Clinical Virology Laboratory for Stanford Health Care and the Stanford Children’s Health.

Dynamite Parasites, with Dr. Bobbi Pritt (JCM ed.) Jul 02, 2022

Dr. Bobbi Pritt aka @parasitegal, creator of the blog Creepy Dreadful Wonderful Parasites, is a pathologist and clinical microbiologist with specialty interests in parasitic and vector-borne infections, and the pathology of infectious diseases. Dr. Pritt discusses her career and how she became an expert in clinical parasitology, her work internationally and how others can participate in global health work and how technology (digital pathology, AI, automation, etc.) will affect the lab and technicians in the future.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. The Journal of Clinical Microbiology is available at asm.org/jcm. Follow EIC, Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates at twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at twitter.com/ellitheelphd.

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Subscribe to Editors in Conversation (free) on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, Spotify, Email.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: The Silent Rise of a Superbug (AAC ed.) Jun 18, 2022

Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia appear to be increasing in frequency among the immunocompromised population and are challenging to treat. Moreover, resistance to traditional drugs used against these organisms is now becoming more common. Antibiotic options in these circumstances are scarce and new options are needed. We discuss this important topic with experts in the field. Recorded live in Washington DC at ASM Microbe 2022.

Topics

• Stenotrophomas maltophilia as an opportunistic pathogen and • The intrinsic ability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to resist common antimicrobials • Common mechanisms of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Debate on treatment approaches and rationale for these strategies.

Guests:

Maria Fernanda Mojica PhD Senior Instructor, Case VA Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology. Case Western Reserve University
Samuel Aitken, PharmD. Adjunct Clinical Professor of Pharmacy, University of Michigan.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias.

AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

What’s New in Molecular Virology? (JCM ed.) May 28, 2022

We are just back from the Molecular Virology Workshop in West Palm Beach. This is a terrific meeting that is organized by the Pan-American Society for Clinical Virology or PASCV. The workshop immediately precedes the Clinical Virology Symposium that ASM organizes and many of us like to attend both. Today we’ll be talking about some of the high points of the Molecular Virology Workshop, with two members of the organizing committee from PASCV.

Guests:

Dr. Erin Graf, Director, Clinical Microbiology at Mayo Clinic in Phoenix Arizona.
Dr. Stephanie Mitchell, Director of Medical Affairs at Cepheid.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Links:

On-demand sessions from PASCV https://www.pascv.org/page/MVW

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via @JClinMicro

Treatment of Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections (AAC ed.) May 14, 2022

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered a major public health problem. Antibiotic options are scarce but new drugs are emerging and more maybe available in the near future.

Topics discussed:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an important pathogen capable of developing resistance to multiple antibiotics
Common mechanisms of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The current and future approaches for these MDR organisms.

Guests:

Michael Satlin, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, William Randolph Hearst Foundation Clinical Scholar in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
Alessandra Carattoli, PhD, Professor of Microbiology at the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. Editor, AAC

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Prevalence and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Infections (JCM ed.) Apr 29, 2022

It is estimated that anywhere from 575,000 to 677,000 bloodstream infections occur annually in North America, with approximately 40,000 of those directly linked to patient mortality in the United States, making bloodstream infections the 11th most common cause of death in the US according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The detection of bloodstream infections and subsequent identification of the etiologic agent or agents is an essential role played by all clinical microbiology laboratories, day-in and day-out for routine patient care. So, today, we are going to dive into a recently published study in JCM, looking at organism-specific bloodstream infection prevalence rates and their individual mortality risks relative to patients with either negative blood cultures and in those for whom blood cultures were not ordered.

Guests: - Dr. Nick Daneman - senior author on the manuscript, is a Clinical Scientists in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre at the University of Toronto, and a Adjunct Physician at Public Health Ontario. - Dr. Kevin Brown is a Scientist at Public Health Ontario and Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://asm.org/jcm. Follow EIC Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at https://twitter.com/ellitheelphd.

Links Prevalence and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Organisms: a Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study. https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/jcm.02429-21

Consensus on B-lactamases (AAC ed.) Apr 05, 2022

This episode is dedicated to the memory of the late George A. Jacoby, who was a pillar in the B-lactamase research community and a leader in the field of antimicrobial resistance. Assigning names to b-lactamase variants has been inconsistent and has led to confusion in the published literature. The common availability of whole genome sequencing has resulted in an exponential growth in the number of new b-lactamase genes. In November 2021 an international group of b-lactamase experts met virtually to develop a consensus for the way naturally-occurring b-lactamase genes should be named.

Topics discussed:

The inconsistencies in B-lactamase nomenclature
Guidelines for publication of new alleles and newly discovered B-lactamases
Future needs of consensus among the b-lactamase community

Guests:

Patricia Bradford PhD., Antimicrobial Development Specialists LLC
Karen Bush PhD, Professor of Practice, Biotechnology and Interim Director, Biotechnology Program, Indiana University.
Robert Bonomo MD, Professor Case Western Reserve University, Director VA CARES Research Collaborative

Links:

Consensus on β-Lactamase Nomenclature https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.00333-22

Visit journals.asm.org/journal/aac to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Multiplex PCR for Predicting Antibiotic Susceptibility (JCM ed.) Mar 19, 2022

Antibiotic susceptibility testing is too slow. Faster identification of microorganisms is now common, as many laboratories use MALDI-TOF or molecular technologies for quick and definitive identification of bacteria. Improvements in susceptibility testing have lagged, as we continue to use tests that take a day for results, and which have not significantly changed in decades. Rapid phenotypic testing has can only be done on limited sample types, using a dedicated platform, and it has not been widely adopted. Tests for rapid genotypic testing usually include only a few genes and require confirmation by phenotypic testing. What are the prospects for fast susceptibility testing?

Guests: Dr. Trish Simner. Trish, Associate Professor of Pathology at Johns Hopkins Medicine, where she is also Director of the Medical Bacteriology and Infectious Disease Sequencing.

Dr. Dan Rhoads. Dan is the Section Head of Microbiology at the Cleveland Clinic, where he holds The Belinda Yen-Lieberman, PhD, and James M. Lieberman, MD, Endowed Chair in Clinical Microbiology.

Trish and Dan are first and last authors on a paper in press at JCM. The title is “Multicenter Evaluation of the Acuitas AMR Gene Panel for Detection of an Extended Panel of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes among Bacterial Isolates.”

Topics of Discussion • Scope of the AST problem • Conventional AST – how long does it take? • General approaches to reducing the time for AST – targeted genotypic (PCR), whole genome sequencing, and faster phenotypic methods. What do you see as potential for each? • What is the Acuitas AMR Gene Panel and how does it work? • Study design • Summary of results • Discrepant results • Workflow • Where do you see this fitting into current laboratory testing

Links • Multicenter Evaluation of the Acuitas AMR Gene Panel for Detection of an Extended Panel of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes among Bacterial Isolates. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.02098-21

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://asm.org/jcm. Follow EIC Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at https://twitter.com/ellitheelphd.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Phages as Therapeutic Tools Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria (AAC ed.) Mar 05, 2022

Bacteriophages are interesting viruses that target bacteria and have been used for therapeutic purposes. Recently, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has spurred a renewed interest in using these viruses or their products as therapeutic tools against recalcitrant human pathogens. AAC has also published a recent manuscript from ARLG to guide the use of phages in clinical practice. We will discuss with experts in the field the state-of-the-art in phage therapy.

Objectives:

• Understand the use of bacteriophages and their products for therapeutic purposes • Discuss the clinical applications of phages • Debate the barriers for developing of phages as therapeutic tools to treat multidrug-resistant infections

Guests:

• Vincent A. Fischetti, Ph.D, Professor and Director, Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. • Saima Aslam, MBBS, Professor of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA. • Anthony Maresso, PhD. Professor and Founder of TAILOR Labs, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://asm.org/aac. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis - The Other CAPA (JCM ed.) Feb 18, 2022

When most of us hear the word ‘CAPA’, these days we more than likely immediately start thinking about SARS-CoV-2 variants, trying to remember how important this particular one was in the grand scheme of the COVID-19 pandemic. But, that is not the ‘kappa’ we will be talking about today. Instead, we’ll be discussing the other CAPA, or COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, and we will cover a few areas on this topic, including:

- Defining what CAPA is and how prevalent it is among ICU patients with COVID-19 - Discuss why identification of invasive aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19 differs compared to other at-risk patients - Review two recent publication in JCM that discuss specific assays and diagnostic approaches for optimal detection of invasive aspergillosis in patients with COVID-19.

Guests:

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org. Follow EIC Alex McAdam on twitter for JCM updates via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and co-host, Elli Theel at https://twitter.com/ellitheelphd.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

WHO Critical Review of the Antibacterial Pipeline (AAC ed.) Jan 28, 2022

AAC just published a review from the WHO advisory panel on the antibacterial pipeline analyzing ‘traditional’ and ‘non-traditional’ antibacterial agents and modulators in clinical development current on 30 June 2021 with activity against the WHO priority pathogens, mycobacteria and Clostridioides difficile. Today, we will dissect this important publication

Objectives:

• Understand the role of the WHO in antimicrobial resistance • Discuss the analysis of the antibacterial pipeline • Deliberate on important highlights from the review and the future of antibacterial research.

Guests: - Dr. Peter Beyer, Senior Advisor for the Antimicrobial Resistance Division at the World Health Organization. - Dr. Mark Butler, MSBChem Consulting, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia - Dr. Prabhavathi Fernandes. Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, GARDP, Geneva, Switzerlandand The National Biodefense Science 17Board, Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Journal and hosted by AAC Editor in Chief, Cesar Arias. AAC is available at https://aac.asm.org. Follow Cesar on twitter at https://twitter.com/SuperBugDoc for AAC updates.

Subscribe to the podcast at https://asm.org/eic

Testing for COVID-19 During the Age of Omicron (JCM ed.) Jan 21, 2022

In less than two months since it was discovered, the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has become the dominant variant of the virus, causing an unprecedented rise in the number of cases of COVID-19 in the U.S. and elsewhere. The emergence of this variant has quickly led to some surprising claims about diagnostic testing for omicron and a renewed appreciation of the importance of sequencing the viral genome for typing purposes. We will address several questions about testing for omicron, including:

• Are rapid antigen tests sensitive for detection of omicron? And should people swab their throats to increase the sensitivity of these tests?

• How does the emergence of omicron change our use of polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2?

• How can we definitively identify the omicron variant and do we have the needed capacity for this?

This episode of Editors in Conversation is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and hosted by JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam and Dr. Elli Theel. JCM is available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro.

Guests: Dr. S. Wesley Long, Dr. Melissa Miller

Links:

Discordant SARS-CoV-2 PCR and Rapid Antigen Test Results When Infectious: A December 2021 Occupational Case Series. Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.22268770v1

Assessment of the analytical sensitivity of ten lateral flow devices against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. In press at Journal of Clinical Microbiology. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jcm.02479-21

Best Clinical Microbiology Papers of 2021 (JCM ed.) Dec 28, 2021

As we round out yet another year of this pandemic, clinical microbiologists have not slowed down. We have not slowed down in our response to the pandemic or other day-to-day testing needs, despite the constant reagent backorders and personnel shortages, and equally as important, we have not slowed down in publishing high quality, informative and clinically relevant papers, which have really spanned the gamut of clinical microbiology - from antimicrobial susceptibility testing, to next generation sequencing assays and AI, to evaluation of new high throughput assays for a variety of pathogens, the field continues to expand at an impressive pace. Three Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM) editors discuss some of their favorite and most impactful papers published in the Journal in 2021.

Welcome to Editors in Conversation. This episode is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, available at https://jcm.asm.org and on https://twitter.com/JClinMicro and is supported by the American Society for Microbiology, which publishes JCM.

Treatment of Acinetobacter spp. Infections (AAC ed.) Dec 11, 2021

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. are considered an urgent public health problem. Antibiotic options are scarce but new drugs may be available in the near future. We discuss this important topic with experts in the field.

Topics discussed:

Acinetobacter as an opportunistic pathogen
Therapeutic approaches for Acinetobacter infections
The future approach for this MDR organisms.

Guests:

Dr. Yohei Doi, Professor and Director, Center for Innovative Antimicrobial Therapy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Joseph Patrick Hornak. Fellow, Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX

SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing for Clinical Care and Infection Control (JCM ed.) Nov 29, 2021

Is sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 genome useful for patient care? What about institutional infection control? And if clinical labs decide to perform SARS-CoV-2 sequencing, how should they do it? How should they report the results? And will they get paid?

Until recently, sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes has mainly been done in public health or research laboratories. Now, there is increasing interest in sequencing the viral genome in healthcare settings for uses in patient care and infection control. We’ll be talking about a new guideline that can help clinical labs and institutions decide whether to perform SARS-CoV-2 sequencing.

Guest:

Dr. Alex Greninger Dr. Francesca Lee

Links:

Clinical and Infection Prevention Applications of SARS-CoV-2 Genotyping: an IDSA/ASM Consensus Review Document https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.01659-21

Candida auris at the Intersection of the COVID-19 Pandemic (AAC ed.) Oct 29, 2021

Candida auris is an urgent and high-priority antimicrobial resistant organisms. COVID-19 appears to have increased the identification of this pathogen in vulnerable patients. We discuss with experts the emergence of Candida auris and its relationship with COVID-19.

Guests:

Dr. Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Director, Department of Medical Microbiology, Head of Mycology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
Dr. Bhavarth Shukla. Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Director of Stewardship, Jackson Memorial Health System. Miami, FL.
Dr. Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Robert C Hickey Chair in Clinical Care, Deputy Head, Division of Internal Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

COVID-19 Testing - Schools, False Positives, and In-Person Meetings (JCM ed.) Oct 22, 2021

Today we’re talking about testing in schools for COVID-19, and about recalls of SARS-CoV-2 tests due to false positive results, and, about whether we are ready to go to in-person scientific and medical meetings.

Joining me for this roundtable discussion are two frequent guests on the podcast, Dr. Melissa Miller, from UNC School of Medicine, and Dr. Elli Theel, from Mayo Clinic.

Links: School Testing for COVID-19. https://www.cp24.com/news/toronto-school-parents-set-up-diy-covid-19-surveillance-testing-program-1.5590772 and https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/19/health/coronavirus-school-quarantine-testing.html

False positive COVID-19 tests. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/view-hosts-say-they-had-false-positive-covid-tests-during-n1280183 and https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/05/health/at-home-covid-tests-recall.html

Return to In-Person Meetings? https://blogs.jwatch.org/hiv-id-observations/

Testing for COVID-19 Infectivity (JCM ed.) Aug 20, 2021

How can we determine whether someone who has COVID-19 can transmit the virus to other people? Tests in routine clinical use, such as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and antigen tests, are designed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is present or not, but many people have proposed that these tests be used to determine whether a patient is infectious. Furthermore, tests for SARS-CoV-2 that are not routinely used in clinical laboratories, such as viral culture and detection of sub-genomic viral RNAs, have also been discussed as indicators of infectivity. But how accurate are any of these tests for determining whether someone is infectious?

Guest:

Dr. Matthew Binnicker, Director of Clinical Virology and Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic. Twitter: @DrMattBinnicker

Links: Can Testing Predict SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity? The Potential for Certain Methods to be a Surrogate for Replication-Competent Virus https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/JCM.00469-21

Visit https://asm.org/jcm to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Follow JCM on Twitter via https://twitter.com/JClinMicro

Subscribe to ASM's YouTube channel at https://goo.gl/mOVHlK

Treatment of VRE Infections (AAC ed.) Jul 31, 2021

Enterococci, particularly vancomycin-resistant isolates tend to affect the most vulnerable and immunocompromised patients and are one of the most difficult bacteria to treat. In absence of robust clinical data, we will discuss therapeutic approaches for these recalcitrant organism.

Advances in Serologic Testing for COVID-19 (JCM ed.) Jul 23, 2021

Tests for antibodies, or serological testing, for SARS-CoV-2 have come a long way since the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are now several commercial tests available and some laboratories have developed tests for specific purposes. Tests can determine whether a person has had COVID-19 in the past, or whether someone has had an antibody response to vaccination or even whether someone has antibodies that can neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting host cells.

Guests: - Dr. Elitza Theel, Director of the Infectious Diseases Serology laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

- Dr. Alex Greninger, Assistant Director of the Clinical Virology Laboratory at the University of Washington Clinical Virology Laboratory, where he is also an Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine.

Visit asm.org/eic for links mentioned

Innovative Clinical Trials for COVID-19 (AAC ed.) Jul 02, 2021

During the pandemic, the need to develop therapeutic approaches became critical and so the need to study them in a structured way to critically evaluate their effectiveness. Innovative strategies to conduct clinical trials under difficult circumstances were required. We will discuss these strategies with some people who created them! Objectives: • Understand the main challenges to conduct clinical trials in the middle of a pandemic both in the developed and developing world • Discuss strategies for patient recruitment and evaluation.

• Deliberate on future strategies to study new therapies for emerging pathogens.

Guests: • David Boulware, MD MPH. Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota. • Eduardo López-Medina, MD. Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Universidad del Valle, and Director of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali Colombia.

Mythbusting in Susceptibility Testing (JCM ed.) Jun 25, 2021

Accurate antibiotic susceptibility testing, or AST, is a key tool in addressing the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. But AST is one of the most complicated and rapidly changing areas in the clinical microbiology, and the resulting confusion can make it difficult for clinical laboratories to keep up with best practices. Dr. Romney Humphries joins to talk about controversies and myths about AST.

This episode was recorded with a live, remote audience at the World Microbe Forum. It is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, available at jcm.asm.org and on twitter @JClinMicro.

Visit asm.org/eic for links.

Antimalarial Drug-Resistance (AAC ed.) Jun 04, 2021

Malaria continues to be a major “killer’ in the developing world affecting the most vulnerable populations with more than 500,000 deaths per year. Emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs is major public health issue. In this episode, we will discuss the latest information on this rapidly evolving field with one of the foremost experts in the field.

• Review the main factors leading to malaria resistance • Discuss the main genetic mechanism of resistance to antimalarials. • Elaborate on future approaches for the prevention of resistance in Plasmodium spp.

Guest: Professor Sir Nicholas White. Professor of Tropical Medicine at Oxford University and Mahidol University in Thailand.

Visit https://asm.org/eic for links and https://journals.asm.org/journal/aac to read the AAC Journal

Staphylococcus argenteus: another coagulase positive Staphylococcus (JCM ed.) May 28, 2021

In addition to Staphylococcus aureus, there are a small number of other coagulase-positive staphylococci. We have become increasingly aware of these due to improvements in identification methods used in clinical laboratories. Staphylococcus argenteus is a coagulase-positive Staphylococcus that, until now, had mainly been detected in Australia, the Pacific Islands and Thailand. It was thought that the species might be geographically restricted, however a paper in the June issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology describes a large number of isolates collected from patients in North America. We’ll be talking to two of the authors of this paper.

Guests: Dr. Julianne Kus, Dr. Audrey Schuetz

β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (AAC ed.) May 07, 2021

The development of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors seems to be expanding rapidly and promise to be the best short-term strategy against the most recalcitrant Gram-negative pathogens. In this podcast, we will discuss the current state of the art in this field. Objectives:

• Discuss how the discovery of β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors has evolved • Review the current state-of-the-art of developing of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors

• Analyze the current and future clinical applications of these drugs against major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

Guests:

Robert Bonomo, MD. Professor and Associate Chief of Staff for Academic Affairs; Director Case-VA Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Case Western Research University, School of Medicine. Past Editor of AAC
Pranita Tamma, MD. MH.S. Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. Johns Hopkins University. Editor of AAC.

Visit https://aac.asm.org to read more

Reconciling Genotypic and Phenotypic Susceptibility Tests (JCM ed.) Apr 30, 2021

Our options for susceptibility testing have greatly increased in recent years. In addition to classical phenotypic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration, genotypic tests are increasingly available. Genotypic tests range from tests for a single organism and one resistance gene to tests for 20 or more organisms and multiple resistance genes. But what should the clinical microbiologist do when the results of phenotypic and genotypic are in conflict?

Welcome to Editors in Conversation. This episode is brought to you by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, available at jcm.asm.org and on twitter @JClinMicro. I'm JCM Editor in Chief, Alex McAdam. This podcast is supported by the American Society for Microbiology, which publishes JCM.

Guests: Dr. Patricia Simner, Dr. Jennifer Dien Bard

Visit https://jcm.asm.org to read more

Gaps in Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Diseases (JCM ed.) Apr 02, 2021

The incidence of fungal infections is rising in immunocompromised people, and the morbidity and mortality of these infections are high. Recent threats include multi-drug resistant Candida auris, however antifungal resistance is rising in other species as well, such as Aspergillus fumigatus. But have advances in diagnostic testing kept up with the accelerating threats of fungal infections?

Guests: Dr. Esther Babady, Dr. Sean Zhang, Dr. Shawn Lockhart

Visit https://jcm.asm.org to read more

Pandemic Built Environment (mSystems ed.) Mar 29, 2021

During the pandemic researchers who focus on the microbiology of built environments suddenly found themselves at the center of attention.

Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 may be spreading indoors became incredibly important to ensure we can operate indoors in a safe manner.

We now know that SARS-CoV-2 transmits through the air in droplets and as particles, and this information has helped us to provide comprehensive advice on how people should manage the indoor environment.

Last year my guests published a review in mSystems: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission. This is published with co-authors David A. Coil, Mark Fretz, and Jonathan A. Eisen. This paper was the most downloaded article for mSystems in 2020, and was in the top ten most downloaded articles across all ASM journals. This is maybe not surprising based on the topic covered.

Guests: Leslie Dietz, Patrick Horve, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg Links mentionoed:

Microbes and social equity working group

Visit msystems.asm.org to read articles and/or submit a manuscript.

Developing Non-Traditional Antibiotics (AAC ed.) Mar 19, 2021

Developing non-traditional antibiotics promises novel strategies to combat multidrug-resistant organisms but would they work? Are they feasible to develop?

Topics discussed:   • The notion of non-traditional antibiotics as potential therapeutics against MDR organisms   • Increasing our understanding on the clinical efficacy of non-traditional antibiotics   • Regulatory pathways for approval of such compounds 

Guest: Dr. John Rex, Chief Medical Officer, F2G Ltd. | Editor-in-Chief, AMR.solutions

Visit https://aac.asm.org to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript.

Fermentative Food Microbiome (mSystems ed.) Mar 13, 2021

Fermentation is a wonderful thing! Thanks to new technologies and cheaper sequencing we are now able to dig deep into the microbial friends that supply fermentation for so many wonderful foods and drinks.

Topics discussed:

Why cheese?
Other fermented foods that can help shed light on microbial dynamics.
Employing metabolomics to explore fermented food
mSystems papers that focuses on fermented foods
What are the gaps in understanding and what kind of technologies could help to further understanding?
Pushing the frontiers of the field.
Consequences of a better understanding of fermented food microbiology.

Links mentioned:

https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/6/e00522-20

https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/2/e00901-19

https://msystems.asm.org/content/1/5/e00052-16

https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/1/e00501-19

https://msystems.asm.org/content/4/6/e00680-19

Visit https://msystems.asm.org to read more.

Optimizing Blood Cultures with Dr. Eric Ransom and Dr. Valeria Fabre (JCM ed.) Mar 05, 2021

Blood cultures for bacteria and yeast are among the most clinically important and high-volume tests performed by clinical microbiology labs. Because these cultures are so important to clinical care, we want to make sure that blood cultures are performed as quickly and accurately as possible, and that they are ordered, collected and utilized appropriately. We are going talk about two recent papers. The first is about diagnostic stewardship for improving utilization of blood cultures and the second is about reporting blood culture results more quickly.

Guests: Maria Valeria Fabre, M.D., Eric Ransom, Ph.D.

Some of the questions we’ll discuss include:

• What steps can be taken to reduce the number of inappropriate blood cultures ordered in non-neutropenic adult patients?

• Can the final results of blood cultures be reported earlier than the canonical 5 days?

Links

A Diagnostic Stewardship Intervention To Improve Blood Culture Use among Adult Nonneutropenic Inpatients: the DISTRIBUTE Study at https://jcm.asm.org/content/58/10/e01053-20

Evaluation of Optimal Blood Culture Incubation Time To Maximize Clinically Relevant Results from a Contemporary Blood Culture Instrument and Media System at https://jcm.asm.org/content/59/3/e02459-20

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