DISCARDED: Tales From the Threat Research Trenches

Latest Episodes:

Guarding the Vote: Unmasking Cyber Threats in Election Season Sep 17, 2024

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Hello to all our cyber citizens! Join host Selena Larson and today’s co-host, Tim Kromphardt, as they chat with Joshua Miller, Senior Threat Researcher and Rob Kinner, Senior Threat Analyst both from Proofpoint.
With election season on the horizon, cyber attackers are sharpening their tactics—impersonating government agencies, emailing journalists, and crafting sophisticated phishing schemes. But how real is the threat? And what can be done to protect our democracy from the digital shadows? Today, we pull back the curtain on the unseen battles being fought in cyberspace and what it means for voters, journalists, and defenders alike.
The discussion covers a range of election threats, from malicious domains, impersonation, and typo-squatting to sophisticated credential phishing campaigns that exploit government and election-related themes.
Also discussed:

how state-sponsored actors from DPRK, Russia, and China are interested in espionage around election related topics
the impersonation of various government entities for phishing purposes, revealing the creativity and resourcefulness of threat actors
while cyber threats are pervasive, the integrity of the voting process remains strong, backed by robust defenses and ongoing efforts by dedicated professionals

Resources mentioned:
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/best-laid-plans-ta453-targets-religious-figure-fake-podcast-invite-delivering
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-disrupts-covert-russian-government-sponsored-foreign-malign-influence
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/above-fold-and-your-inbox-tracing-state-aligned-activity-targeting-journalists
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/media-coverage-doesnt-deter-actor-threatening-democratic-voters
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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Very Mindful, Very APT: Inside the Activity of Current Espionage Actors Sep 04, 2024

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Hello to all our mindful and demure cyber sleuths! Join host Selena Larson and today’s co-host, Sarah Sabotka as they chat with Joshua Miller and Greg Lesnewich, Threat Researchers at Proofpoint about the ever-evolving world of advanced persistent threats (APTs).
The team unravels the latest espionage tactics of threat actors from Iran, North Korea, and Russia, exploring everything from Iran’s sophisticated social engineering campaigns to North Korea’s customized Mac malware.
They also highlight the increasing interest in MacOS malware in the cybercrime landscape and examine examine the threat posed by a group targeting AI researchers with unique malware like "SugarGh0st RAT."
Also discussed:

the quirky and often amusing names given to malware campaigns in the cybersecurity world.
unexpected connections between cybersecurity and pop culture, featuring a discussion on how celebrities like Taylor Swift handle digital security.
what recent activity suggests about the actors’ changing tactics.

Resources mentioned:
SleuthCon Talk: Presenter, Selena Larson
Rivers of Phish from CitizenLab
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/best-laid-plans-ta453-targets-religious-figure-fake-podcast-invite-delivering
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/security-brief-ta450-uses-embedded-links-pdf-attachments-latest-campaign
https://www.elastic.co/security-labs/elastic-catches-dprk-passing-out-kandykorn
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta444-apt-startup-aimed-at-your-funds
https://www.theguardian.com/music/shortcuts/2019/jan/29/digital-security-taylor-swift-facetime-privacy-bug-breaches
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHmTjFW-nY
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta422s-dedicated-exploitation-loop-same-week-after-week
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/security-brief-artificial-sweetener-sugargh0st-rat-used-target-american
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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Rebel Security Training: Cyber Lessons from A Galaxy Far, Far Away Aug 20, 2024

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Hello, cyber rebels! Ever wondered what lightsabers, the Force, and intergalactic battles have in common with the world of cybersecurity? Welcome to a special episode of the Discarded Podcast. Join host Selena and co-host Greg Lesnewich, Senior Threat Researcher at Proofpoint, along with our guest, Eric Geller, cybersecurity reporter and host of the Hoth Takes Star Wars podcast, as they dive into the fascinating intersection of Star Wars and cybersecurity. He reveals how the tactics and strategies from a galaxy far, far away can be applied to modern-day digital defense.
Greg and Eric share their love for Star Wars while drawing parallels between iconic moments from the saga and modern cybersecurity practices. Ever wondered how the Rebels' infiltration of the Death Star reflects real-world hacking techniques? Or how the Empire's security flaws could be lessons for today's digital defenses? We've got you covered. They highlight how living off the land techniques, identity protection failures, and internal security oversights in the Star Wars universe can teach us valuable lessons for defending against cyber threats.
From red teaming with Han and Chewbacca to intelligence analysis with Princess Leia, and even hardware hacking with Babu Frik, we cover a broad spectrum of cyber roles through the lens of Star Wars. We also delve into who would make the best CISO in the Star Wars universe, with some surprising nominations and entertaining analogies.
Whether you're a Star Wars enthusiast or a cybersecurity professional, this episode provides a unique and entertaining perspective on the skills and strategies essential for both realms. Tune in for a fun and insightful conversation that bridges the gap between fiction and reality in the most engaging way possible.
Resources mentioned:
Hoth Takes (podcast)
NIST Framework
https://www.wired.com/author/eric-geller/
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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The Art of Frustrating Hackers: Diving Into the DEaTH Cycle with Randy Pargman Aug 06, 2024

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Hello, Cyber Stars! In today's episode of the Discarded Podcast, hosts Selena Larson and Sarah Sabotka are joined by Randy Pargman, Director of Threat Detection at Proofpoint. Randy shares his extensive experience in cybersecurity, from working at the FBI and understanding law enforcement’s role in cyber defense, to endpoint detection and response, to his current role at Proofpoint.
We explore the relentless cat-and-mouse game between cyber defenders and threat actors. Randy discusses the importance of Detection Engineering and Threat Hunting (DEATH) and how these disciplines work together to outsmart cybercriminals. He also highlights the significance of log data retention and how investing in longer retention periods can drastically improve the efficacy of detection measures.
Randy touches on the upcoming DEATHCon, a must-attend event for cybersecurity professionals. He shares fascinating stories and analogies, making complex cybersecurity concepts accessible and engaging.
We also talk about:

the concept of the "pyramid of pain" and how spending too much time on IOCs can be a losing battle against agile threat actors
the value of empathy and collaboration among security teams
practical steps for building shared lab environments

Resources mentioned:
DeathCON
Operation Endgame
Clipboard to Compromise Blog: https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/clipboard-compromise-powershell-self-pwn
DFIR Report Labs: https://thedfirreport.com/services/dfir-labs/
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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The Hunt for Cyber Criminals: A Deep Dive with Wired's Andy Greenberg Jul 24, 2024

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Hello, Cyber Stars! In today's episode of the Discarded Podcast, hosts Selena Larson and Pim Trouerbach are joined by Andy Greenberg, Senior Writer at WIRED. Known for his deep dives into the world of hacking, cybersecurity, and surveillance, Andy shares his journey of uncovering and telling compelling stories about the digital underworld.
The conversation kicks off with Andy detailing his extensive experience in cybersecurity journalism and his knack for long-form storytelling. He shares insights into his acclaimed Wired article on the Mirai botnet hackers and discusses his latest book, Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency.
We also talk about:

the intricate world of cryptocurrency and its unintended consequence of fueling ransomware attacks
the rise of pig butchering scams, now dwarfing ransomware in financial impact
the ethical dilemmas and real-world consequences of cybercrime

Resources mentioned:
Sandworm: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin's Most Dangerous Hackers by Andy Greenberg
Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency by Andy Greenberg
https://www.wired.com/story/mirai-untold-story-three-young-hackers-web-killing-monster/
https://www.wired.com/story/crypto-home-invasion-crime-ring/
https://www.wired.com/story/tigran-gambaryan-us-congress-resolution-hostage-nigeria/
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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Have you heard: Only Malware in the Building? Jul 15, 2024

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Check out new episodes of Only Malware in the Building wherever you listen to podcasts:
https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/only-malware-in-the-building

Malware Evasion Uncovered: The Battle Against Evolving Malware Techniques Jul 09, 2024

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Hello, Cyber Pirates! In today's episode of the Discarded Podcast, hosts Selena Larson and Tim Kromphardt are joined by Kyle Cucci, Staff Threat Researcher at Proofpoint. Dive with us into the world of cyber attacks as Kyle breaks down the intricacies of evasion techniques used by threat actors. From defense evasion to anti-sandboxing and anti-reversing methods, Kyle sheds light on how modern malware ensures its survival. Discover the evolution and increasing sophistication of these techniques, and learn about specific malware families like WikiLoader, Remcos, and the notorious Loki Bot.
We then move into how teams of threat hunters, intelligence analysts, and malware reversers work closely to identify new malware techniques and develop robust defenses within sandbox environments. Kyle shares insights into the constant feedback loop between intelligence and detection teams, highlighting how they stay ahead of evolving threats.
We also talk about:

evasion strategies, including temperature checks, geofencing, and human detection mechanisms
the use of publicly available tools by malware authors
the future of AI and large language models (LLMs) in both aiding and combating cyber threats

Resources mentioned:

Evasive Malware by Kyle Cucci
SentinelOne Research: https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/blackmamba-chatgpt-polymorphic-malware-a-case-of-scareware-or-a-wake-up-call-for-cyber-security/

For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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Checkmate: Breaking Down Operation Endgame Jun 25, 2024

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Hello, cyber sleuths! In today's exciting episode of the Discarded Podcast, hosts Selena Larson and Sarah Sabotka are joined by the brilliant Pim Trouerbach, Senior Reverse Engineer at Proofpoint. Pim gives us the lowdown on this massive law enforcement operation targeting multiple high-profile botnets across the globe, called Operation Endgame, and how this coordinated takedown affects the cybercrime landscape and the significance of arresting the individuals behind these operations.
He also breaks down the different malware impacted including SystemBC, IcedID, Pikabot, Bumblebee, and more.
We also talk about:

the rise and fall of Bumblebee, comparing it to its predecessor, Baza Loader, and contemplating why it didn't quite live up to its anticipated potential despite its advanced features
the collaborative efforts between law enforcement and private sector partners, emphasizing the effectiveness of these joint operations in curbing cyber threats
the high-quality, cinematic videos released as part of Operation Endgame

Resources mentioned:
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/major-botnets-disrupted-global-law-enforcement-takedown
https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/systembc-christmas-july-socks5-malware-and-exploit-kits
https://operation-endgame.com/
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/911-s5-botnet-dismantled-and-its-administrator-arrested-coordinated-international-operation
https://x.com/Shadowserver/status/1797945864004210843
For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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Hacking the Human Mind: How Cyber Attackers Exploit Our Brains Jun 11, 2024

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Hello to all our cyber squirrels! Joining our series host, Selena Larson, is our co-host today, Tim Kromphardt. Together they welcome our special guest–Dr. Bob Hausmann, Proofpoint's Manager of Learning Architecture and Assessments and a seasoned psychologist.
Our conversation explores how cyber threat actors exploit the different systems of thought in our brains and how attackers leverage our rapid, emotionally-driven responses (system one thinking) to bypass our more deliberate, rational processes (system two thinking).
Dr. Bob introduces us to the concept of cognitive biases, particularly normalcy bias, and how these mental shortcuts can shape our cyber defense strategies. He explains how organizations often fall into the trap of thinking "it won't happen to us," leading to underinvestment in critical security measures. Drawing parallels to historical events like the sinking of the Titanic and the COVID-19 pandemic, he underscores the importance of overcoming these biases to enhance preparedness.
We also talk about:

Real-world implications and examples of social engineering attacks.
The impact of urgency and stress on decision-making in cybersecurity.
The alarming rise and mechanics of pig butchering scams.
The role of AI in scams and cybersecurity
Empathetic approaches to helping scam victims

Resources mentioned:

Book: "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman

Book: "The Art of Deception" by Kevin Mitnick

Previous Discarded Episode on Pig Butchering

Have I Been Pwned

PhishMe

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)

SANS Institute

https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/broken-dreams-and-piggy-banks-pig-butchering-crypto-fraud-growing-online

https://therecord.media/southeast-asian-scam-syndicates-stealing-billions-annually

https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/how-myanmar-became-global-center-cyber-scams

https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/dont-answer-russia-aligned-ta499-beleaguers-targets-video-call-requests

For more information about Proofpoint, check out our websit

Decrypting Cyber Threats: Tactics, Takedowns, and Resilience May 29, 2024

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Hello to all our cyber pals! Joining our series host, Selena Larson, is our co-host today, Tim Kromphardt. Together they welcome our special guest–Daniel Blackford, the Director of Threat Research at Proofpoint. The conversation dives into the intricate world of cyber threats and the impact of law enforcement disruptions on malware, botnets, and ransomware actors.
We'll explore how threat actors react when their preferred infrastructures or ransomware-as-a-service systems get taken down, offering insights into their various responses—from rebuilding and rebranding to the emergence of new power players in the cybercriminal ecosystem.
We also talk about:

Analysis of the Hive ransomware takedown and the massive Qbot operation, including the technical and human aspects of these disruptions
How other groups rise to prominence despite disruptions
Differences between malware disruptions and business email compromise (BEC) or fraud-focused disruptions
The evolution of threat actor techniques, such as, legitimate remote management tools and living off the land techniques

For more information about Proofpoint, check out our website.
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