Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Bava Batra 89 - September 22, 19 Elul Sep 22, 2024

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Eleven braitot are quoted that discuss the importance of honesty in business dealings (weights and measures) and keeping in line with the local customs. What are the measurements for building a balance beam? The measurements depend on what type of item one is measuring. A city needs to set up inspectors for checking that people have accurate weights but there is a debate about whether or not one needs inspectors for controlling prices. One needs to avoid actions with weights and measurements that could lead others to be suspicious of trickery.

Bava Batra 88 - Shabbat September 21, 18 Elul Sep 20, 2024

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Today's daf is sponsored by Judi Felber in honor of the 7th yahrzeit of her father, Hershel Tzvi Shlomo Chaim ben Pesach and Dina Sara.

The Gemara brings two more possibilities of how to understand the Mishna and concludes that the last one is correct - the case is where the store owner used the father's flask for measuring for others and he became a borrower who borrows without asking permission from the owner. The debate in the Mishna is - do we view this kind of borrower as a borrower (who does not assume responsibility once the item is returned to the place it was borrowed from) or like a thief who is responsible until the item is returned to the original owner (or to a safe place).

The Gemara explains more in detail Shmuel's ruling that one who picks up an item to purchase is responsible for accidental damages.

How often does a seller need to clean out the measuring cups? It depends if the seller is the wholesaler, a homeowner, or a storekeeper. There is a law based on a verse from the Torah that when a seller weighs an item to sell, the seller needs to weigh it down a bit to favor the buyer. How much does one need to add? How much does it depend on the prevalent custom in that area? There is a discussion on the seriousness of the laws of weights and measurements and it is compared to illicit relations.

Bava Batra 87 - September 20, 17 Elul Sep 20, 2024

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Another source is brought to raise a difficulty with Rav and Shmuel's ruling about acquiring items partway through the measuring if the wording of the sale was "separated it into parts. But this difficulty is resolved.

The Mishna discusses three different halachot. At what point of measuring is neither side allowed to change their mind? If an agent sells someone else's produce to the buyer, is the agent responsible if the vessel breaks and the merchandise is lost? What is the status of drops left in the jug after the liquid is measured out and poured into the buyer's utensils? Details of these cases are discussed in the Gemara.

The Mishna brings a scenario where a father sends a son to the store to buy oil and the utensil breaks, the oil is lost, as is the change that the son received for buying the oil. There is a debate about who is responsible. The Gemara brings several explanations to understand what exactly is the case in the Mishna and the source of the debate.

Bava Batra 86 - September 19, 16 Elul Sep 19, 2024

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Today's daf is sponsored by Penina Lipskier in honor of her son's wedding, Daniel to Ella and in loving memory of his friends, Yakir Hexter and David Schwartz HY"D who were killed during the war. "May we only know smachot!"

Today's daf is sponsored by Beth Kissileff Perlman in honor of the occasion of their daughter Yael Perlman and her new husband Matt Shapiro making aliyah to Jerusalem on Sunday! "We are so proud of their decision and look forward to sharing their experiences of their new life in our holy land!"

Ravina suggests to Rav Ashi a fourth response to Rav Sheshet's question, can an item can be acquired by the buyer when it is placed in the buyer's vessels on the property of the seller? However, this too is rejected and the question is left unanswered.

The Mishna in Kiddushin Chapter 1, Mishna 5 established that moveable items can be acquired by pulling. However, it is limited by either Rav Chisda, Rav Kahana, or Rava to a case where the item cannot be lifted. When Abaye taught this qualification of the Mishna, Rav Ada bar Matna raised a difficulty against it from a tannaitic source. Three other sources are also brought to question this limitation, but all the difficulties are resolved.

Rav and Shmuel differentiate between a case where the seller says, "I am selling you a kor (30 se'ah) of wheat for 30 sela" and one where the seller says, "I am selling you a kor for 30 sela, each se'ah for a zuz." In the former, the sale is final only when the measuring is complete, in the latter, the sale is final for each se'ah as it goes into the measuring cup. A difficulty is raised against the first case from a braita quoted previously where the sale is final even before filling up the cup, provided the cup used was the buyer's. This difficulty is resolved by assuming the braita refers to a case more similar to the latter case of Rav and Shmuel.

Bava Batra 85 - September 18, 15 Elul Sep 18, 2024

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Today's daf is sponsored by Tina Lamm. "With hakarat hatov to HKB"H for the zechut of celebrating the 100th birthday of my wonderful father, Mr. Mike Senders of Boca Raton, FL. May he go m'chayil el chayil and continue to enjoy nachat from his children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren, ad me'ah v'esrim shana!"

If an item is placed in the buyer's vessel, it is acquired by the buyer as a kinyan chatzer (courtyard). But does this depend on whether the vessel was in a private domain or is it effective also in a public domain? Rav and Shmuel hold that is not acquired in the public domain, while Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish hold that it is. However, Rav Pappa says that they do not disagree, as Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish refer to an alleyway and not an actual public domain. A proof is brought from the statement of Rabbi Yochanan. Then the Gemara brings a tannaitic source to suggest that perhaps they could mean a public domain, like the tana in the braita, but that source is explained also to be referring to an alleyway.

Rav Sheshet asks Rav Huna if an item can be acquired by the buyer if it is placed in the buyer's vessels in the property of the seller? Rav Huna brings three sources to answer the question, but his suggestions are rejected.

Bava Batra 84 - September 17, 14 Elul Sep 17, 2024

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Today's daf is sponsored by the Billets and Cohns for the refuah shleima for Dr. David Harari, David Yonatan Ben Reizel.

Rav Chisda explains that if there was a sale with ona'ah (over or undercharging) in which case the sale can be canceled, and then the price changed after the sale benefitting the one who over/undercharged, they cannot renege as the ability to cancel the agreement is only on the one who was cheated. Rav Chisda supported his statement from the Mishna. Why was his statement necessary if it could have been easily derived from the Mishna?

The Mishna described a sale where one ordered darker/reddish wheat and received white wheat or the reverse. The term used for the reddish wheat is shechamtit, from the root chama, sun. This word leads Rav Pappa to explain that the sun is red, as can be seen at sunrise and sunset, and only appears white during the day because of our limited vision. A difficulty is raised against Rav Pappa's assertion but is rejected.

There is a debate between Rebbi and the Rabbis in laws of teruma about whether wine and vinegar are considered two different types or the same type of item. If they are considered the same type, if one separates teruma from vinegar to wine, it is effective (even though it is prohibited) but not if they are considered two types. Our Mishna implies that wine and vinegar are two separate types of items for laws of sales - if one bought wine but received vinegar, either side can renege as they are two totally different items. Does this mean that our Mishna does not hold the opinion of the rabbis in teruma that they are the same type?

How does one acquire fruits? The Mishna discusses which methods are/are not effective. Rabbi Asi and Rabbi Zeira disagree about Rabbi Yochanan's position regarding one who measured and put the items in a side area off the main thoroughfare. Does the buyer acquire it if it is placed there or is it effective only if it is placed in the vessels of the buyer? A braita and our Mishna are brought to try to resolve this issue (did Rabbi Zeira accept Rabbi Asi's interpretation of Rabbi Yochanan's position) but both sources are rejected as inconclusive regarding this issue.

Bava Batra 83 - September 16, 13 Elul Sep 16, 2024

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This week's learning is sponsored by an anonymous donor for the safety of our chayalim, the recovery of those wounded and for the safe and speedy return of the hostages.

If one purchases three trees, what is the minimum and maximum space needed between the trees to enable the purchaser to acquire the land in between as well? Rav Nachman holds 8-16 cubits and Rav Yosef holds 4-6 cubits. After Abaye questions Rav Yosef from a Mishna that clearly supports Rav Nachman, Rav Yosef supports his position based on a ruling of Rav Yehuda in a particular case. A Mishna is brought in support of Rav Yosef, as well, but Rav Nachman's position is stronger as the Mishna in support of his position had a situation where they ruled like his position. However, Rava explained that the halakha is from 4-16 cubits and a braita is brought in support of this position.

Rabbi Yirmiya asks whether we measure from the lower wider part of the trunk or the higher narrower part. He also asks if three branches grew from one tree and were subsequently covered up and then sold, if there was the minimum distance required between the growths, would the buyer acquire the land as well? Rav Geviha answers both questions. Several questions were asked about situations where the three trees had two different owners or two in the field and one on the border (which was higher or lower than the field), or what if some large object was in the middle of the three trees like a water channel, public domain, etc.? All of these questions remain unanswered. However, if a cedar tree was between the three trees, it would not block the buyer from acquiring the land and the buyer even acquires the cedar tree.

Rav and Shmuel disagree about whether the three trees are in a straight line or a triangular formation.

The Mishna explains that if one sells the head, legs, liver, or windpipe (with the lungs) of a large animal, the sale includes only the item mentioned. But in a small animal, the sale of the head would include the legs and the sale of the windpipe would include the liver, but not the reverse.

The Mishna lists four types of sales and explains in each case whether or not the buyer or the seller or both can renege on the agreement.

Bava Batra 82 - September 15, 12 Elul Sep 15, 2024

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This week's learning is sponsored by Medinah Korn in loving memory of her mother, Rosalie Katchen, Shoshana Raizl bat Avraham Yehoshua ve-Baila Toibe, z"l, on her 24th yahrzeit. "She had a "נותן בעין יפה" approach to her interactions with everyone she encountered. She was generous of heart, of mind and of spirit, and we miss her. Yehi zichra baruch."

Today's daf is sponsored by David and Mitzi Geffen in loving memory of David's mother, Ethel Petegorsky Geffen, Adina bat Aryeh Leib, on her 20th yahrzeit. "She was devoted to her husband, family, and the Beth El Synagogue community in New Rochelle, NY. Her two sons made Aliyah and her daughter has lived a professional life of service to the American Jewish community."

Today's daf is sponsored by Ayala Ginat in loving memory of Barak ben Lipa and Shulamit.

How does one determine if the branches grew out of the trunk or the ground to determine whether the growths belong to the owner of the tree or the owner of the land?

Rav Nachman rules that a palm tree does not have laws of geza, the trunk. Rav Zevid and Rav Papa each understand this statement differently.

If one purchases three trees, one acquires land with the trees. How much land does one acquire? Rabbi Yochanan rules that they acquire the land beneath each tree, between each tree, and, in addition, the amount of space needed for a fig gatherer to walk around with a basket. Rabbi Elazar raises a question about the space for the fig gatherer - if one does not get an access route, as per the rabbis' position that a seller sells sparingly (ayin ra'ah), how does the buyer get space for collecting?

The land underneath and in between the trees can be used by the tree's owner for planting, but who has the right to plant in the area around the trees for the fig gatherer and basket?

How much space can/should there be between the trees to consider them a field so that the purchaser will acquire the land? Rav Yosef and Rava disagree. Abaye raises a difficulty from a Mishna against Rav Yosef's position.

Bava Batra 81 - Shabbat September 14, 11 Elul Sep 13, 2024

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If one purchases two trees, does the buyer acquire the land directly surrounding those trees? Rabbi Meir and the rabbis disagree. What are the ramifications of this debate? Does one bring the first fruits of a tree like this? According to the Mishna in Bikurim, Rabbi Meir and the rabbis also debate this point and according to the rabbis, one would bring the first fruits to the Temple but not say the recitation, as the obligation to bring bikurim is dependent on owning the land. Shmuel derives from the Mishna in Bikurim that Rabbi Meir would also obligate one to bring bikurim from fruit bought in the market. He derives this from the fact that there was no reason to mention Rabbi Meir's disagreement in the Mishna in Bikurim as it could have been easily derived from his opinion on our Mishna and must therefore be coming to teach something additional. However, this suggestion is rejected. Rabbi Shimon ben Elyakim asks why in the case above (one tree according to Rabbi Meir and two according to the rabbis), is obligated to bring the first fruits but not say the recitation - one should either be obligated and then should do both, or not obligated and do neither! Rabba answers that we do it because of a doubt - the rabbis are unclear whether or not one acquires the land. Four difficulties are brought against Rabba's answer and are all resolved, but each resolution leads to a modification of how the bikurim are brought to the Temple in this situation.

Bava Batra 80 - September 13, 10 Elul Sep 13, 2024

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If one buys the produce of a dovecote, a beehive, a honeycomb, or a tree for its wood, the buyer is entitled to the produce but must leave a certain amount for the seller to ensure continued growth. The Mishna and Gemara discuss the amounts for each item. Rav Kahana explained that honey while still in the honeycomb is considered food and is susceptible to impurity, even if the bees are eating it. However, in a braita, the opposite ruling is brought. Abaye and Rava resolve the contradiction each differently and the Gemara raises two difficulties against Rava's ruling. A braita is brought in support of Rav Kahan's ruling. A braita expands on the law in the Mishna regarding trees sold for their wood and distinguishes between different trees and the amounts that need to be left to ensure regrowth. Some sources are brought that contradict some laws in the braita but are resolved.

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