CogNation

Latest Episodes:

Why do we dream? Nov 08, 2024

Show notes

Why do we dream, and what is the meaning of our dreams? Rolf and Joe talk about several ideas about dreaming, including a new theory by David Eagleman called the "defensive activation theory", which proposes that dreams are like a screen saver to keep the visual parts of the brain from being overtaken by other senses.

Eagleman, D. M., & Vaughn, D. A. (2020). The Defensive Activation theory: dreaming as a mechanism to prevent takeover of the visual cortex. bioRxiv, 2020-07.

Daniel Dennett: A Retrospective May 28, 2024

Show notes

Daniel Dennett, who passed away on April 19th at the age of 82, was one of the great philosophers of our time. Rolf and Joe discuss his ideas and his influence on the field of philosophy, including (especially) bringing consciousness back as a topic of serious study with his book "Consciousness Explained", as well as his work on free will, evolution, religion, and constructing a convincing argument.

AI and Cognition with Daniel Sternberg Mar 25, 2024

Show notes

What can neuroscience teach us about AI, and vice versa, what can AI teach us about our own intelligence?

Joe and Rolf talk to returning guest Daniel Sternberg about advances in AI over the past year. Topics include using the methods of cognitive psychology to understand AI; representation in artificial intelligence; what current large language models (LLMs) are good at and not good at; sentience in AI; the future of humanity; and other important stuff.

Natural and Artificial Intelligence: A brief introduction to the interplay between AI and neuroscience research (Macpherson, et al., 2021)

Can AI language models replace human participants? (Dillion, et al., 2023)

Language models show human-like content effects on reasoning (Dasgupta et al., 2022)

Autism with guest Matthew Goodwin Jan 25, 2024

Show notes

This episode is dedicated to the memory of colleague and friend Grace Baron.

Joe and Rolf talk to Dr. Matthew Goodwin, a professor at Northeastern University whose research focus is on autism. His most recent paper used biosensing (heart rate, skin conductance, etc.) to predict aggressive behavior in profound autistic individuals up to three minutes before the event.

Donald Hoffman's Case Against Reality Jan 08, 2024

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Joe and Rolf discuss the ideas of perceptual psychologist Donald Hoffman, who has argued that our perceptual systems have no access to reality, since evolution is driven by fitness functions, not objective truth. He has also argued that our perception is a user interface (like a desktop on a computer, or a VR headset), and that objects such as the moon don't exist when we are not apprehending them.

Hoffman, Donald. The case against reality: Why evolution hid the truth from our eyes. WW Norton & Company, 2019.

Bagwell, J. N. (2023). Debunking interface theory: why Hoffman’s skepticism (really) is self-defeating. Synthese, 201(1), 25.

Episode 53: Beckley Retreats CEO Neil Markey on guided psychedelic retreats Dec 22, 2023

Show notes

Neil Markey, a veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan, used meditation for years to deal with depression and PTSD. He is currently CEO of Beckley Retreats, a group that runs retreats to Jamaica and the Netherlands for guided psychedelic experiences. He talks about his path from the military to consulting to his work with Beckley, how guided psychedelic retreats are run (including work to prepare in advance, as well as to integrate after), and how he envisions the future of psychedelics for both treatment of disorders and for enhancing quality of life for those without disorders.

Special Guest: Neil Markey.

Episode 52: The IIT controversy with Felipe De Brigard Nov 29, 2023

Show notes

We discuss the recent controversy about Integrated Information Theory (IIT), a theory about the neural correlates of consciousness, with Felipe De Brigard, a philosophy and psychology professor at Duke University who signed a letter describing the theory as pseudoscience.

The letter: https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/zsr78/
The adversarial collaboration: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0268577
Description of IIT: https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011465

Episode 51: Robin Carhart-Harris: The promise of psychedelics Oct 16, 2023

Show notes

Joe and Rolf talk to psychedelic researcher Robin Carhart-Harris. Robin is at the cutting edge of research on the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics such as psilocybin (magic mushrooms), LSD, and DMT. He discusses psychotherapy and the unconscious mind, models of what psychedelics are doing in the brain, and many other topics. A really fascinating and in-depth conversation.

You can find links to his published research as well as a series of videos on harm reduction at the following link:

https://www.carhartharrislab.com/

Special Guest: Robin Carhart-Harris.

Episode 50: Neural Interfaces Sep 20, 2023

Show notes

Joe and Rolf discuss new work in neural interfaces that is helping paralyzed individuals communicate.

Based on the recent Nature article:

Metzger, S. L., Littlejohn, K. T., Silva, A. B., Moses, D. A., Seaton, M. P., Wang, R., ... & Chang, E. F. (2023). A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control. Nature, 1-10.

Episode 49: The Self: Bundle and Ego Theories Aug 16, 2023

Show notes

Rolf and Joe discuss two philosophical theories of the self, Bundle Theory and Ego Theory, based on a paper by Derek Parfit. They return to the topic of the teletransporter, and although Joe is happy to go through the teletransporter, Rolf is convinced it means certain death.

Parfit, D. (2016). Divided minds and the nature of persons. Science Fiction and Philosophy: From Time Travel to Superintelligence, 91-98.

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