Bark n Wag 15 Minute Vet Talk

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Dr. Laura Brown discusses ticks and how to protect your dog. Jun 10, 2019

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TICKS

Ectoparasites are organisms that live on the outside of an animal. Ticks are fairly common ectoparasites of dogs (and cats). How often you see ticks on your dog and how severe a tick assault will be depends on the region of the country in which you live, the time of year (tick activity varies in warm and cool weather), the habits of your dog, and how and when you use tick control products. Some ticks can infest dogs that spend most of their time indoors, and even dogs that only spend brief periods of time outside can have ticks.

How will ticks affect my dog?

Ticks attach to your dog by inserting their mouthparts into your dog's skin. Many ticks also produce a sticky, gluelike substance that helps them to remain attached. After attaching to your dog, ticks begin feeding on your dog's blood. The places where ticks attach can become red and irritated.

Although rare, ticks can consume enough of your dog's blood to cause a deficiency called anemia. Certain female ticks can also cause a rare paralysis in dogs as a result of a toxin they produce while feeding. More important, ticks are capable of causing many diseases in your pet. The disease with which most people are familiar is called Lyme disease. Another is Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Lyme disease can cause arthritis and swelling of your dog's joints, resulting in painful lameness. Rocky Mountain spotted fever can cause fever, lameness, and other signs. There are also other diseases that ticks can transmit to your dog. Your veterinarian can answer questions about the diseases that are important where you live. View forecasts for Lyme Disease, Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis in your local area at https://petdiseasealerts.org.

How do I prevent my dog from getting ticks?

It is very difficult to prevent your dog's exposure to ticks. Ticks can attach to your dog when he or she goes with you on walks, hikes, or during any outdoor activities.

The best way to prevent ticks from attaching to your dog is by the regular use of tick control products. Your veterinarian can advise you about the best product for your dog and your situation. Your veterinarian is also aware of diseases that are common in your area and can pose a risk to your dog.

If you have a tick problem in your yard consider:

treating the outdoor environment (be sure to understand what products you are using and how they affect the environment)
making a landscape change to make the environment less tick friendly – this can be done by providing a 3 foot buffer between the lawn and any woods. Mulch, wood chips, or gravel work well, and help to decrease the migration of ticks into yards.
ridding your yard of wild animals

Often more ticks are present or they are more active at certain times of the year. Your veterinarian can tell you how to avoid locations where large numbers of ticks are found.

Can humans be harmed by ticks?

Ticks can attach to and feed on humans. The skin where ticks attach to humans can become red and irritated. Ticks that transmit diseases to your dog can also transmit many of the same diseases to people. It is important to realize that people do not get these diseases from their dogs. Both people and dogs get the diseases from ticks they come into contact with outdoors. Diseases, such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which have already been described in dogs, can also be very serious in humans.

If you have questions about human diseases that are transmitted by ticks and how you can protect yourself, you should consult a doctor.

For veterinary professionals, more detailed information on ticks can be found at https://www.capcvet.org/guidelines/ticks/.

Cristi Eckert, owner of Natural Pet Wellness, discusses Essential Oils for your pet May 28, 2019

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Essential oils are naturally occurring, volatile aromatic compounds that come from the seeds, bark, stems, flowers and roots of plants. If you've used them before, I'm sure you're already familiar with how incredibly potent, fragrant and beneficial they can be to your health, but have you ever tried essential oils for pets?

According to the American Kennel Club, "Preliminary research suggests that these potent oils may have some health benefits for dogs and humans, and many holistic veterinarians incorporate essential oils into their practices." Many pet owners today are turning to essential oils for a variety of health concerns in their pets, including flea and tick prevention, skin issues, and behavior problems like anxiety. (1)

While using essential oils for pets is known to have its benefits, it's vital to know which oils are safe to use, how to use them, and to remember that, like people, each animal is different and may react uniquely to a particular essential oil. Similar to the use of oils with children, it's absolutely crucial to remember that a little goes a long, long way with pets.

Are Essential Oils Safe for Pets?

If you're wondering about the safety of essential oils for pets, the answer is that some essential oils are considered OK for use with pets. There are a good amount of essential oils that have been deemed safe and, even better helpful, to pet health. However, there are also many essential oils toxic to dogs and cats (and animals in general), which I will talk about later in this article. But first, are you ready to learn all about the best essential oils for pets, specifically dogs and cats?

Essential Oils for Pets: 5 Best Oils + Uses for Dogs

What essential oils are OK for dogs? The following oils are not only OK for dogs, but they're also known to have some really impressive potential benefits!

Below is a short list of essential oils that experts say are safe to use on dogs:

1. Lavender Oil

Lavender oil is a popular choice among humans so maybe you already have this incredible essential oil on hand for your furry friend. If you're looking for essential oils for dog odor, lavender is a great scent that pet owners tend to love too. Plus, studies demonstrate lavender's amazing helpful effects on cases of PTSD as well as its anti-anxiety ability, so it will likely calm both you and your pet. (2, 3)

For pets like dogs, lavender essential oil's calming effects can be very helpful for anxiety (often induced by visits to the vet or car rides), car sickness or sleep troubles. A 2006 clinical trial looked at the effects of lavender essential oil on 32 dogs with a history of travel-induced excitement in their owners' cars. What did they find? The dogs exposed to the scent of lavender oil spent a significant amount more time resting and sitting and a lot less time moving around and vocalizing. Overall, the researchers conclude, "Traditional treatments for travel-induced excitement in dogs may be time-consuming, expensive, or associated with adverse effects. Aromatherapy in the form of diffused lavender odor may offer a practical alternative treatment for travel-induced excitement in this species." (4)

Lavender oil is a great topical remedy for canine skin concerns like allergies and burns. It's also a common choice of essential oils for dog wounds and essential oils for dogs itching. (5)

2. Peppermint Oil

You may already be familiar with this popular, refreshing essential oil. Will peppermint oil hurt dogs? Peppermint is one of the top recommended essential oils to get rid of fleas in dogs. You'll actually find peppermint as one of the more commonly used essential oils for dog flea repellent for sale in pet shops and online today.

According to Dr. Janet Roark, a veterinarian and the owner of Hill Country Mobile Veterinary Service in Austin, Texas, "Peppermint essential oil can be used to cool sore muscles, energize tired animals, and soothe upset stomachs. It refreshes the air when diffused and can freshen breath with taken internally. This oil can open the airways and promote a healthy respiratory tract, as well as soothe aching joints."

As an energizing oil, it can be a great mood booster for animals too. Roark, who is also known as the "Essential Oil Vet," instructs that peppermint oil is best used topically with dogs. (6)

The American Kennel Club has a great essential oil dog shampoo recipe that includes several recommendations for essential oils for dog fleas prevention, including peppermint. Check out it Flea-Repellent Dog Shampoo with Essential Oils, which includes simple ingredients you may likely have on hand already. Using a shampoo like this regularly is the perfect way to use essential oils to kill fleas on dogs.

3. Chamomile Oil

Roman chamomile oil is a well-known anti-inflammatory that is a great choice for both humans and dogs alike if the problem is a skin irritation, burns, wounds, ulcers or eczema. (7, 8) This is a very gentle essential oil that can also help calm a stressed-out dog. (9)

If you're looking for essential oils recipes for dogs using chamomile oil, check out this super easy Calming Spray Recipe that also includes lavender oil.

4. Frankincense Oil

Can you use frankincense oil for dogs? For most dogs, the answer is "yes!" In fact, Dr. Richard Palmquist, chief of integrative health services at Centinela Animal Hospital in Inglewood, Calif., says that using frankincense oil in some cases of cancer and tumors can be very helpful. (10) The use of frankincense oil in pet cancer isn't that surprising when you consider that research has shown the powerful potential for frankincense oil to help fight some forms of human cancer, including bladder cancer. (11)

Frankincense oil is known to have potent antimicrobial abilities, making it a great choice for germ fighting and immune boosting too. (12) Research using animal models (mice) also shows that this ancient oil has powerful anti-depressive effects. (13)

5. Cedarwood Oil

According to Dogs Naturally Magazine, cedarwood oil (Cedrus Atlantica or Cedrus deodara) is a terrific natural pest repellent. Cedarwood essential oil when used in dogs also can act as an antiseptic for the lungs, expectorant for coughs (like kennel cough), circulation stimulator (making it helpful for bodily pains and arthritis), hair growth booster and dandruff reducer, diuretic, and a general calming agent that can help with behavior concerns like shyness or nervous aggression. (14)

Canine Influenza and the new vaccination for your pet with Dr. Armstrong May 13, 2019

Show notes

Canine Influenza in Dogs

There are two strains of the virus that causes dog flu (Influenza Type A): H3N8 and H3N2. Both primarily infect the respiratory system and are extremely contagious. While some dogs become very ill with dog flu, others can be exposed to the virus and fight off infection without ever getting sick.

Symptoms and Types of Canine Influenza

Dogs that are infected with the canine influenza virus may develop two different syndromes:

Mild – These dogs will have a cough that is typically moist and can have nasal discharge. Occasionally, it will be more of a dry cough. In most cases, the symptoms will last 10 to 30 days and usually will go away on their own. It's similar to kennel cough but persists longer. These dogs may benefit from dog flu treatment to reduce the duration or severity of symptoms.
Severe – Generally, these dogs have a high fever (above 104 degrees Fahrenheit) and develop signs very quickly. Pneumonia can develop. The canine influenza virus affects the capillaries in the lungs, so the dog may cough up blood and have trouble breathing if there is bleeding into the air sacs. Patients may also develop secondary bacterial infections, including bacterial pneumonia, which can further complicate the situation.

General signs of these syndromes include:

Red eyes
Runny nose
Coughing
Sneezing
Anorexia
Fever
Malaise

In most cases, there is a history of contact with other dogs known to carry the virus.

Diagnosing the Dog Flu

If your dog develops the signs of dog flu described when there is an outbreak in your region, see your veterinarian as soon as possible. Often, local news will warn of an outbreak of the dog flu. However, if your dog travels or comes into contact with dogs who travel, call your veterinarian about your dog's symptoms in case your dog is the first locally to acquire canine influenza.

Besides a physical, your veterinarian will want to perform a complete blood count and clinical chemistry on the dog. Usually, increases are seen in the white blood cells, specifically the neutrophils, a white blood cell that is destructive to microorganisms. X-rays (radiographs) can be taken of the dog's lungs to characterize the type and extent of pneumonia.

Another diagnostic tool called a bronchoscope can be used to see the tracheaand larger bronchi. Cell samples can also be collected by conducting a bronchial wash or a bronchoalveolar lavage. These samples will typically have large amounts of neutrophils and may contain bacteria.

Detecting the virus itself is very difficult and is usually not required for treatment. There is a blood (serological) test that can support a canine influenza diagnosis. In most cases, a blood sample is taken after initial symptoms develop and then again two to three weeks later. Because of this, your dog will be treated based on the signs she is showing.

Treatment for Canine Influenza

The mild form of dog flu is usually treated with cough suppressants. Antibiotics may be used if there is a secondary bacterial infection. Rest and isolation from other dogs is very important.

The severe form of dog flu needs to be treated aggressively with a broad spectrum of dog antibiotics, fluids and supportive care. Hospitalization may be necessary until the dog is stable. For some dogs, canine influenza is deadly and should always be treated as a serious disease. Even after returning home, the dog should be isolated for several weeks until all canine influenza symptoms have fully resolved.

How to Prevent the Dog Flu

Canine influenza vaccines are currently available as separate vaccines for each of the two strains. The first time your dog is vaccinated, they will require a booster 2 to 4 weeks later. Thereafter, the canine influenza vaccine is administered annually. In addition, there are other respiratory conditions that can be vaccinated against, specifically Bordetella bronchiseptica, the bacteria responsible for what is commonly called "kennel cough."

Any dog that is suspected to have canine influenza should be isolated from other dogs. Those dogs with the mild form of the infection usually recover on their own. Canine influenza is not a contagion issue for humans or other species.

Infection may be able to be prevented by avoiding places where dogs congregate when the dog flu is active in your region.

Cristi Eckert, owner of Natural Pet Wellness, discusses Essential Oils May 06, 2019

Show notes

What Are Essential Oils?

Essential oils are compounds extracted from plants.

The oils capture the plant's scent and flavor, also called its "essence."

Unique aromatic compounds give each essential oil its characteristic essence.

Essential oils are obtained through distillation (via steam and/or water) or mechanical methods, such as cold pressing.

Once the aromatic chemicals have been extracted, they are combined with a carrier oil to create a product that's ready for use.

The way the oils are made is important, as essential oils obtained through chemical processes are not considered true essential oils.

Popular Types

There are more than 90 types of essential oils, each with its own unique smell and potential health benefits.

Here's a list of 10 popular essential oils and the health claims associated with them:

Peppermint: Used to boost energy and help with digestion.
Lavender: Used for stress relief.
Sandalwood: Used to calm nerves and help with focus.
Bergamot: Used to reduce stress and improve skin conditions like eczema.
Rose: Used to improve mood and reduce anxiety.
Chamomile: Used for improving mood and relaxation.
Ylang-Ylang: Used to treat headaches, nausea and skin conditions.
Tea Tree: Used to fight infections and boost immunity.
Jasmine: Used to help with depression, childbirth and libido.
Lemon: Used to aid digestion, mood, headaches and more.

BOTTOM LINE:There are over 90 commonly used essential oils, each associated with certain health claims. Popular oils include peppermint, lavender and sandalwood. Health Benefits of Essential Oils

Despite their widespread use, little is known about the effectiveness of essential oils in treating health conditions.

Here's a look at the evidence for some of the common health problems that essential oils and aromatherapy have been used to treat.

Stress, Anxiety and Depression

It has been estimated that 43% of people who have stress and anxiety use some form of alternative therapy to help with their condition (8).

Regarding aromatherapy, initial studies have been quite positive. Many have shown that the smell of some essential oils can work as a complementary therapy to treat anxiety and stress (9, 10, 11).

However, due to the scents of the compounds, it's hard to conduct blinded studies and rule out biases. Because of this, many reviews on the stress- and anxiety-relieving effects of essential oils have been inconclusive (12, 13).

Interestingly, using essential oils during a massage may help relieve stress, although the effects may only last while the massage is taking place (14).

A recent review of over 201 studies found that only 10 were robust enough to analyze. It also concluded that aromatherapy was ineffective at treating anxiety (15).

Headaches and Migraines

In the '90s, two small studies found that dabbing a peppermint oil and ethanol mixture on participants' foreheads and temples relieved headache pain (16, 17).

Recent studies have also found positive effects against headaches when applying peppermint and lavender oil to the skin (18, 19).

It has also been suggested that applying a mixture of chamomile and sesame oil to the temples may effectively treat headaches and migraines. This is a traditional Persian headache remedy (20).

However, more high-quality studies are needed on this.

Sleep and Insomnia

Smelling lavender oil has been shown to positively affect the sleep quality of women after childbirth, as well as patients with heart disease (21, 22).

One review examined 15 studies on essential oils and sleep. The majority of studies showed that smelling the oils (mostly lavender) had positive effects on sleeping habits (23).

Reducing Inflammation

It has been suggested that essential oils may help fight inflammatory conditions. Some test-tube studies show that they have anti-inflammatory effects (24, 25).

One mouse study found that ingesting a combination of thyme and oregano essential oils helped induce the remission of colitis. Two rat studies on caraway and rosemary oils found similar results (26, 27, 28).

However, very few human studies have examined the effects of these oils on inflammatory diseases. Their effectiveness and safety are unknown (29, 30).

Antibiotic and Antimicrobial

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has renewed interest in the search for other compounds that can fight bacterial infections.

Essential oils, such as peppermint and tea tree oil, have been investigated extensively in test tubes for their antimicrobial effects. In fact, they have shown some positive results (31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39).

However, while test-tube study results are interesting, they do not necessarily reflect what's happening within your body. They don't prove that a particular essential oil could effectively treat bacterial infections in humans.

BOTTOM LINE:Essential oils may have some interesting applications for health. However, more research is needed in humans. Other Uses

Essential oils have many uses outside of aromatherapy.

Many people use them to scent their homes or freshen up things like laundry.

They are also used as a natural scent in homemade cosmetics and high-quality natural products.

It has also been suggested that essential oils could provide a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to man-made mosquito repellents, such as DEET.

However, results of their effectiveness have been mixed.

Studies have shown that some oils, such as citronella, may effectively repel certain types of mosquitoes for around 2 hours. Protection time may be extended up to 3 hours when it is used in combination with vanillin.

Despite this, no oils have been as effective as DEET at preventing bites from all species of mosquito for long periods of time (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45).

The properties of essential oils also indicate that some of them could be used industrially for extending the shelf life of foods (39, 46, 47, 48).

BOTTOM LINE:Aromatherapy isn't the only use for essential oils. They can be used in and around the home, as a natural mosquito repellent or industrially to make cosmetics. How to Choose The Right Essential Oils

Many companies claim that their oils are "pure" or "medical grade." However, these terms aren't universally defined and therefore hold little weight.

Given that it is an unregulated industry, the quality and composition of essential oils can vary greatly (49).

Keep the following tips in mind in order to choose only high-quality oils:

Purity: Find an oil that contains only aromatic plant compounds, without additives or synthetic oils. Pure oils usually list the plant's botanical name (such as Lavandula officinalis), rather than terms like "essential oil of lavender."
Quality: True essential oils are the ones that have been changed the least by the extraction process. Choose a chemical-free essential oil that has been extracted through distillation or mechanical cold pressing.
Reputation: Purchase a brand with a reputation for producing high-quality products.

BOTTOM LINE:High-quality oils only use pure plant compounds extracted by distillation or cold pressing. Avoid oils that have been diluted with synthetic fragrances, chemicals or oils. Safety and Side Effects

Just because something is natural doesn't mean it's safe.

Plants and herbal products contain many bioactive compounds, which may be harmful to your health in some cases. Essential oils are no different.

However, when inhaled or combined with a base oil for use on your skin, most essential oils are considered safe.

Nevertheless, they may cause some side effects (50):

Rashes.
Asthma attacks.
Headaches.
Allergic reactions.

While the most common side effect is a rash, essential oils can cause more serious reactions, and they have been associated with one case of death (51).

The oils that have most commonly been associated with adverse reactions are lavender, peppermint, tea tree and ylang-ylang.

Oils that are high in phenols, such as cinnamon, can cause skin irritation and shouldn't be used on the skin without first being combined with a base oil.

Eating essential oils is not recommended, as it could potentially be harmful and in some doses fatal (52, 53).

Very few studies have examined the safety of these oils for pregnant or breastfeeding women, which are usually advised to avoid them (54, 55, 56, 57, 58).

BOTTOM LINE:Essential oils are generally considered safe. However, they may cause serious side effects for some people, especially if applied directly to the skin or ingested. Take Home Message

Essential oils are generally considered safe to inhale or apply to the skin, as long as they've been combined with a base oil. They should not be eaten.

However, the evidence for many of the health claims is lacking, and their effectiveness is often exaggerated.

For minor health problems, using essential oils as a complementary therapy is probably ok.

But if you have a serious health condition or are taking medication, you should discuss their use with your doctor.

What is kennel cough in dogs? Apr 27, 2019

Show notes

Kennel cough in dogs Kennel cough is a condition that affects the upper respiratory tract of dogs and is characterized by the inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.

While kennel cough may sound like a horrific condition, it's not actually as terrible as most dog owners assume. However, the effects of the condition can vary depending on each individual dog. For this reason, you may want to avoid your dog catching the illness if possible. To do this, you need to understand where the name comes from.

Why is it called kennel cough?

This condition is referred to as a kennel cough because, perhaps, unsurprisingly it is most commonly found and caught in kennels or anywhere that there are a lot of dogs in close proximity to one another. Kennels or shelters are the obvious risk zone, but training facilities and dog parks can be another place where dogs are likely to contract this illness. Ultimately kennel cough in dogs is very much like the typical human cold.

It's very common and will spread from dog to dog.

Kennel cough causes

Kennel cough does not have one individual cause. There are often multiple infectious agents that are working at the same time to infect your dog. Which is why it is also referred to as Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD) or Infectious Tracheobronchitis. Viral pathogens include canine distemper (CDV), canine parainfluenza (CPIV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine influenza (CIV), canine herpesvirus (CHV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), pantropic canine coronavirus, canine reovirus, and canine pneumovirus (CnPnV). Bacterial pathogens include Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma spp., and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

One of the most common causes is a bacteria known as Bordetella bronchiseptica. Due to this cause kennel cough may also be referred to as Bordetella. However, this bacteria may work with a virus such as canine distemper or canine parainfluenza. Both are problematic for your pet as they weaken the animal's immune system and affect both the dog's voice box and windpipe.

Dogs can contract a kennel cough in a variety of different ways. The most common way is to catch it from the air as it is spread by another dog. A dog with this infection may sneeze, bark or cough. Any one of these things can flood the air with thousands of organisms..

A dog may also get infected by using an item such as a toy or food dish that another dog with the infection has used. You should also know that bacteria can remain alive on a food bowl for up to forty-eight hours. This is another reason why you should be wary of kennels, particularly if there are signs that dogs at that kennel are infected.

The final way this disease can spread is through animal interactions. Whether your dog plays, sniffs or licks another dog, if it has the infection, it will almost certainly pass it on. So, while letting your dog play with another dog may seem fun you do have to be careful.

Signs of kennel cough

One of the challenges of keeping a dog with a kennel cough away from other dogs is that it's not always possible to tell that they have it. A dog can carry kennel cough and show no symptoms at all yet still pass on the infectious organisms to other dogs. As such, a dog might seem safe for your pet to interact with and still be carrying kennel cough. Not much you can do in that case.

Other dogs will present more symptoms. The most common symptom is a dry, hacking cough. This may be followed by gagging or retching. It will be irritating for your dog and may even hurt her throat. It can sound far worse than it is so try not to panic if your dog does start to show this symptom. In most cases, this cough is completely harmless and will go away within a couple of weeks. Still you should have your dog checked out by your veterinarian as there are other causes of coughing that are more serious. Make sure you call or otherwise notify them you are coming in so they can take precautions to prevent infection of other dogs in the hospital.

On rare occasions, this condition can lead to further complications. Some dogs may develop a fever and seem lethargic. However, you still don't have to worry too much about the impact of this condition. With treatment, a dog will still recover.

In extremely rare cases, this condition can lead to something far more sinister which is pneumonia. Pneumonia may develop due to your dog's weakened immune system. However, it is important to understand that this is incredibly rare. Even so, if you think your dog's condition is getting worse, you should always get them checked out by the vet.

Treatment for kennel cough

Many cases of a kennel cough may not require any treatment. Although rest and isolation from other dogs will likely be recommended. In two weeks, a dog will usually fully recover and be back to its old self. If the condition is more severe, they may be provided antibiotics to help fight the infection and/or a cough suppressant by a vet. In some cases tests (such as chest x-rays) and more aggressive treatment may be necessary. Pet medical insurance typically applies to these tests.

The condition is likely to be more severe and potentially dangerous in older dogs, young puppies and any dog with a severely weakened immune system. If your dog fits into any of these categories, you should go and see your vet as soon as possible. They will determine whether further treatment is necessary. With treatment, most dogs will recover fully in roughly two weeks. On occasion, however, some dogs may have a longer course of 2-6 weeks..

Preventing kennel cough

As with other conditions, the best way to approach a kennel cough is to prevent it from developing. There are several ways to do this including checking out the dogs your pooch is playing with. Ask the owner whether they are up to date on their vaccinations. There is a vaccination for Bordetella, and if you visit your vet, they can provide you information on this.

If you are using kennels or a doggy daycare check them out thoroughly, ensuring they are clean and sanitized. Kennel cough is just one of the nasty illnesses your dog can pick up at kennels which aren't being properly cleaned and maintained.

Cindy Myers, Animal Intuitive, discusses a few clients that were out of the ordinary Apr 22, 2019

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https://www.beananimallistener.com/

Reach out to Cindy for a reading on your pet.

Office Hours:

Monday - Wednesday: 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Tuesday - Thursday : 12:00 PM - 8:00 PM Friday: 10:00 AM - 3:00 PM

Please call my office at 541-658-5062. If it is during business hours, I might be working with a client and am not accepting calls. I will return your call during my next open spot.

If you call after hours, please feel free to leave me a message and be sure to leave your Name, Best Number to reach you back on, and your time zone so I know when is appropriate to call you back. I will return their call during my regular business hours.

Why are your pets taken to the back room during a routine visit with Dr. Millie Armstrong Apr 14, 2019

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When you head to the veterinarian, you and your pet are likely both a little nervous. Whether it's for yearly vaccinations or to figure out why your furry best friend has been scratching or vomiting, you have to bring them in — and no one likes to be poked and prodded. By the time your vet appears in the exam room, you've both had time to worry about it and the doctor picks up on your combined nerves.

That's one of the reasons so many veterinarians will do an initial exam in the room while you're there, but will whisk your pet "to the back" for vaccinations, bloodwork and other procedures.

"Some pets are actually calmer when they are away from their owners, which makes it easier to perform exams or draw blood or administer a treatment," writes veterinarian Dr. Joanne Intile in PetMD. "This allows the veterinarian to accomplish tasks more efficiently and safely, reducing stress for the pets."

Veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker agrees. "Your pet may actually be much more difficult (or even dangerous) to handle in your presence, either because he's trying to protect you or is sensing your concern for him. For many pets, getting away from Mom or Dad and being handled by a confident, experienced, animal-loving veterinary technician means getting the procedure done faster and with less stress for everyone."

Especially if you happen to get a little queasy when it comes to medical procedures. If you get lightheaded while your pet is getting vaccinated or having blood drawn, no doubt he will pick up on that. And do you really want to see them getting a fecal sample or drawing a lot of blood (which they usually get from your dog's jugular)?

More room to work

In most veterinary clinics, "the back" refers to a large open area with access to surgical lights, equipment and more space to move around. It's a comfortable room where it's easy for vets and techs to work with your pet with all the tools they need close at hand.

"Exam rooms are generally smaller, with less room to maneuver, especially with the pet owner (or two, and sometimes children as well) taking up room without knowing the best place to stand or how to help — or even if (and when) staying out of the way is better," says Becker.

Often there are other staff members in the back who can offer an extra set of hands to help with restraining or calming your pet or getting equipment, medications or anything else that's needed.

In exam rooms, owners often insist on restraining pets themselves, but they aren't necessarily all that good at it. Owners have been bitten by their own dogs in exam rooms.

"Because veterinarians are liable for anything that happens to owners in the exam room, it's quite normal for them to discourage you from restraining your pooch when they have staff who are professionally trained to perform safe restraining techniques," writes behavior consultant and former animal hospital assistant Adrienne Janet Farricelli.

"Many years ago, I took my dog to the vet to have a painful wound cleaned. At first, I tried to help, but the vet said to me, 'Let me have my professionally-trained staff hold your dog for this procedure. We don't want him to associate this not-so-pleasant experience with you.'"

Less stress ... or not?

Does your presence comfort your pet or make her feel more anxious? (Photo: Gumpanat/Shutterstock)

Although many vets will insist that pets pick up on their owners' stress, not all experts are convinced that dogs and cats are less likely to be anxious when we're with them.

Faricelli reflects on her own days working at an animal hospital. "The dog who I thought appeared to be 'calmer' when brought to the back room may have likely been frozen in fear instead," she writes. "Some dogs who initially tried to resist, and then appeared calmer afterwards, may have been a victim of 'learned helplessness.' This means that they simply gave up. Their behavior might be mistaken for 'behaving,' but, in reality, they are in a subdued state of stress and fear."

In the 2017 study, researchers in France assessed the behavioral and physiological responses in dogs while being examined by a vet. They found that signs of stress in dogs — which include an increased heart rate and lip licking — decreased when the owners stayed in the room, petting and talking to the dog during the exam. They also were less likely to try to jump off the exam table when the owner was comforting them.

The researchers concluded, "This study demonstrates that owner-dog interactions improve the well-being of dogs during a veterinary examination. Future research may assist in further understanding the mechanisms associated with reducing stress in dogs in similar settings.

If your vet takes your pet to the back and you aren't happy about it, talk about it. Your vet should be open to a discussion and should be able to give you a tour of the back so you can see what goes on back there. Either way, you'll get to stay in the room with your pet or you'll be more knowledgeable about where he goes when he's out of your sight.

Mary Jo DiLonardo writes about everything from health to parenting — and anything that helps explain why her dog does what he does.

Cindy Myers, Animal Intuitive, discusses her animal webinars available to listeners during the month of April Mar 29, 2019

Show notes

Upcoming Events with Cindy

April 3rd, 2019 at 6 pm PST

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November 9, 2019 at The Ridge Hotel

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April 13th & 14th, 2019

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How to work with an aggressive dog using leadership training Mar 25, 2019

Show notes

Dog Behavior and Training - Dominance, Alpha, and Pack Leadership - What Does It Really Mean?

By Debra Horwitz, DVM, DACVB & Gary Landsberg, DVM, DACVB, DECAWBM

Behavior

Despite the fact that recent studies have reevaluated hierarchy models and have modified our understanding of behavior in the wild wolf, the concept of a hierarchal relationship among dogs and humans continues to be perpetuated. To ensure a well functioning family group, a family needs to know more about canine behavior than outdated strategies focusing on pack structure. In fact recent research has clearly indicated that the longstanding theory which maintained that alpha wolves control through aggression and relentless management is more myth than fact. These theories have been refuted by wolf biologists and if this theory is no longer considered true for wolves, then how can it be considered true for our dogs? New research on canine learning patterns indicates dogs understand us far better than we understand them.

How do wolves behave in the packs? Aren't dogs just like wolves?

Decades of observation by wildlife biologists of free-ranging wolf packs have revealed startling insight into the lives of these majestic canids. For instance, seasoned leaders of wolf packs actually survey from near the back of the pack when traveling, rather than taking the lead position. Also, in times of scarcity, the leaders allow the young to eat first, rather than feeding themselves first. Wolf behavior experts, such as L. David Mech, have dedicated their lives to observing wolves in their natural state. Some interesting observations include: There is an absence of reports of wolves seeking high positions over the pack, there are no signs of a leader rousting a subordinate from a desired resting place, and an alpha wolf rarely initiates pinning (a dominance behavior). These experts who study wolf behavior describe the role of the wolf leaders as parents— guiding, teaching, and caring for their pack members. When the wolf offspring mature, they do not compete to overthrow the pack leader; instead, they leave the pack, find a mate, and start a family of their own. A parent-family model better describes wolf-wolf relationships than a competitive hierarchy model.

Aren't dogs just trying to be in charge?

Dominance hierarchy based training methods assume dogs are committed to a battle of supremacy and constant challenge with family members. This premise is incorrect and not supported by scientific study. Trainers advising families to take charge of the pack by eating first, walking through doors first, occupying a higher position and worst of all, pinning the dogs into submission are ignoring the current scientific research and subjecting the dog to unnecessary and sometimes cruel training methods. In reality, dogs have an intra-species relationship and a pattern of behaviors with their human family members that are driven by a variety of motivations, including: genetics, socialization, available resources, fear, conflicts, learning, behavioral pathology and disease. Furthermore, application of scientifically based principles of positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, classical conditioning, desensitization and counter-conditioning programs have been shown to successfully teach dogs desirable behaviors and prevent behavior problems while enhancing the human-pet bond.

Pack Leadership Rules: myth or fact?

1. Myth: Don't let your dog walk ahead of you. If he is ahead of you on a walk, he will walk all over you in all other areas of your relationship!

Fact: Dogs may pull when walking on a leash for a variety of reasons. They may have the desire to play, explore, investigate or be social. This can become a learned behavior that is self rewarding; the reward being successful attempts to experience a new area's odors, other dogs, and people. In other cases, dogs pull to get out of a fearful situation!

The second part of this myth is actually more damaging: how a dog walks on a leash does not reflect your relationship, it simply means you haven't taught your dog to walk on a leash. Teaching a dog to walk nicely on a leash will not improve separation anxiety, aggression or phobias. However, this should not be confused with the fact that dogs that show excitable or aggressive meetings and greetings on walks may need to learn to walk calmly by the owner's side as part of the behavior management program. Mostly walking nicely on a leash is about manners, training and enjoying something you should do with your dog frequently.

2. Myth: A Tired Dog is a Good Dog

Fact: It is essential to meet the exercise and behavioral needs of your dog (and breed) by providing a variety of forms of enrichment. However, exceeding the exercise needs of your dog may actually be unhealthy especially for dogs with health concerns such as heart, respiratory or joint diseases. The fact is that exercise needs will vary according to breed, age, health and individual personality. In addition there are many ways in addition to exercise to enrich the lives of our pets including social, exploratory and mental stimulation (see Working for Food and Enrichment, Predictability, and Scheduling). A 2-mile run, a swim, and a chance to play with another dog may be ideal for some Labrador retrievers, while a bichon's needs may be met by a short walk to the coffee shop and doing tricks for the other patrons. However, fulfillment of basic exercise needs alone does not prevent problems of boredom or unruly problems. Exercise does not prevent aggression, separation anxiety, phobias, or compulsive disorders. There are many athletically fit dogs that demonstrate aggression!

3. Myth: Your dog should wait while you pass through doorways before your dog.

Fact: Dogs should be taught nice manners at doorways: go out when told, wait when asked to and don't knock people over. Doorways are man-made structures that have little significance to a dog. Most wolves have a narrow inconspicuous opening to their den and wolf biologists do not observe confrontations regarding the order wolves utilize a den entrance. This is relevant for manners and safety – your dog should not knock you over as you pass through a doorway and he should not escape past you. In addition, if your dog tends to pull excessively or show aggression when meeting or greeting new people and pets, he should be trained to follow you out the door. However, adherence to these guidelines does not signify your dog's respect, admiration or allegiance. In fact, a dog that is punished may learn not to go through a doorway when a specific person is around because he has learned from past experience punishment occurs; this is fear, not respect.

4. Myth: Eat before your dog; this shows him you are his alpha leader.

Fact: Dogs naturally associate food rewards as an indication the immediately preceding behavior was appropriate.

Dogs are scavengers by nature and while he may longingly desire what you are eating, he is not reflecting on his place in the pack while he watches you eat. Simply put, because we provide the food, our dogs cannot eat unless we give them the food regardless if we eat first or second. Dogs learn best by operant conditioning and food rewards facilitate that learning process much like a wolf would learn how to hunt a prey. A successful hunt means that a wolf will likely try that strategy again. By the way, wolves in packs do not display a meal time hierarchy: in times of plenty; everyone eats together and in times of scarcity the parent wolves make certain their offspring are fed first.

5. Myth: Don't allow your dog on the furniture or on your bed. If you allow your dog to be on the same level as you, you are elevating his status and lowering yours.

Fact: Neither dogs nor wolves use elevated positions to infer social meaning. Wildlife biologists who have spent their lives observing natural wolf pack behavior do not observe acquisition of higher places to be associated with confrontation or challenge among wolves. Dogs or wolves may choose to occupy a comfortable location. They may select a location to observe prey or approaching enemies.

The pertinent questions become: Do you want your dog on the bed, couch or chair? Is it safe to have your dog in those places with you? Do you enjoy that interaction with your pet or would you rather not have dog hair in your bed? This is a personal decision based on how you enjoy interacting with your pet and if it is safe. This matter only becomes relevant for behavior issues if a dog is aggressive to people while in these vulnerable positions. So, cuddling in bed with a dog that may wake up suddenly and react by startled aggression is a bad idea because it puts people at risk for an aggressive episode not because the dog infers some hierarchal privilege by being in the bed.

6. Myth: If you establish eye contact with the dog, the dog must avert his gaze first.

Fact: Teach your dog to watch your face on cue; then you have his attention and if your dog is watching you instead of something else many problems can be avoided. Dogs do display submission or appeasement by diverting their eyes. It can also mean fear, conflict or anxiety (see Canine Communication – Interpreting Dog Language). New research suggests that dogs have the innate ability to observe and learn from human gestures and eye gaze. Curiously wolves did not display this ability. Dogs can also be taught to watch a person's face on cue and this can be very helpful in the prevention and treatment of behavior problems. For example, if a dog doesn't like other dogs then while passing other dogs he can be given a "watch" cue and rewarded for watching his owner

Aren't behavior problems resolved by pack leadership and obedience training?

Dogs are simply not trying to take over the pack or be in charge. Dogs are learning how to interact by assessing what works and what doesn't with each interaction. Dogs are great students of human behavior and draw conclusions based on your actions. Punishment, deference and fear as training methods do not foster a mentally, emotionally and behaviorally sound dog. A mentally and emotionally healthy dog is not necessarily achieved with obedience training. Families that focus on socialization, positive reinforcement, avoidance punishment based strategies and clear and predictable interactions will be rewarded by a dog that is an enjoyable member of the family.

Additional reading:

Visit the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior website www.avsabonline.org and read each of the position statements but particularly those on dominance and punishment.
"The Wolf: Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species" David Mech

"Dominance Fact or Fiction" Barry Eaton

Family Dog Project Ádám Miklósi http://familydogproject.elte.hu/index.html

Dr. Armstrong discussed vitamin supplements for your older dog. Mar 10, 2019

Show notes

3 Vet-Recommended Supplements For Senior Dogs by Dina Fantegrossi

Although dietary supplements can be beneficial at any stage of life, many people don't start thinking about giving them to their pets until they reach their senior years. This is the time when we are reminded of their mortality as we notice signs of arthritis and that telltale gray muzzle. With so many products on the market making different promises, it's hard to know which ones are safe, let alone helpful for your senior pooch.

Dr. Marty Becker has been a practicing veterinarian for more than 20 years. He has contributed to Good Morning America and The Dr. Oz Show, written 25 books, and sits on the Board of Directors for The Grey Muzzle Organization, a non-profit group devoted to helping senior dogs. When it comes to his aging canine patients, there are three major supplements he recommends.

1. Essential Fatty Acids (EFA's)

Omega-3 and Omega-6 essential fatty acids are best known for doing wonders for a dog's skin and coat. While a shiny pooch is certainly an added bonus, EFA's are thought to aid in critical brain function, as well as boost the immune system – two very important benefits for senior dogs! For those experiencing arthritis or the general aches and pains of aging, EFA's are also known to have anti-inflammatory properties.

Learn More or Shop EFA Supplements

2. Glucosamine with Chondroitin Sulfate

Glucosamine and chondroitin are compounds found in healthy cartilage. Aging dogs experience joint pain when cartilage naturally breaks down and joint fluid is lost. The anti-inflammatory properties in glucosamine help to reduce that pain and aid in cartilage regeneration, while the water-retaining properties of chondroitin sulfate aid in joint lubrication. This type of supplement works well when paired with essential fatty acids.

Learn More or Shop Joint Supplements

3. Probiotics

Probiotics are designed to replace the healthy bacteria in the gut that can be killed off due to illness, stress, medications, and a variety of other causes. When the healthy bacteria levels drop too low, the bad bacteria in the gut take over, wreaking havoc on the digestive system, which contains up to 80% of a dog's immune defenses. Probiotics keep the flora levels balanced, providing important benefits for an aging dog beyond digestive health. There is evidence that probiotics boost the immune system, strengthening your senior dog's defenses against infections and auto-immune diseases.

Learn More or Shop Probiotics

Remember that frequent exams, a high quality diet, and maintaining a healthy weight are important for all dogs, but especially seniors! Consult with your vet to determine an overall wellness strategy and which supplements are right for your pooch. The goal is to keep your best friend healthy, comfortable, and most importantly, by your side as long as possible!

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