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    History

    Wonders of the World

    In this podcast, we’ll visit 200 Wonders of the World, from the Pyramids to the Great Barrier Reef, to tell the story of our people, our civilization, and our planet. My name is Caroline Vahrenkamp, and I’m a travel junkie. The world is filled with amazing places that reflect the greatest achievements of human accomplishment. In these uncertain times, understanding our great shared history may help to bridge the divides between us. And if not, it will be a fun ride anyway! We’ll discuss the history of each place and the story of the men and women who lived there. We’ll cover travel notes, examine what else to see while you’re in the area, and dig into the local cuisine. Expect a new episode every two weeks. And thanks for listening!

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    Latest Episodes:
    054 - The Giant's Causeway and Early Medieval Ireland Apr 25, 2019
    Show notes

    On the coast of Northern Ireland lies a remarkable feature: a field of more than 40,000 interlocking hexagonal columns, leading down into the sea. To the ancient Irish, the basalt columns -- the result of a long ago volcanic eruption -- seemed like the foundations of a bridge made for giants. And so they are still called the Giant's Causeway to this day.

    On this abnormally long episode, we discuss the mythological origins of the causeway and the legendary Irish hero, Fionn Mac Cumhaill, a.k.a. Finn McCool. While the physical bridge to Scotland might be a myth, other connections in the early medieval period were very much evident.

    Dr. Lucy Barnhouse (@singingscholar), medieval historian and contributor to @historyfootnote, drops wisdom about Irish monasticism and its impact in Ireland and abroad. We discuss the beer-multiplying, chariot-riding St. Brigid, the hot-tempered St Columba, and the wandering St. Columbanus.

    In addition, listeners Jenn and Diarmuid talk about their experiences visiting the causeway and reflections on the North. We also discuss Game of Thrones locations, surfing off the Antrim Coast, and the joy of grabbing a pint in an Irish pub.

    There's Irish butter and soda bread and more Houses of the Holy references than are necessary. (That 1973 Led Zeppelin album features the Giant's Causeway on the cover).

    Sources:

    Bitel, Lisa M. "St. Brigit of Ireland: From Virgin Saint to Fertility Goddess"

    The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn mac Cumhaill

    Bunting, Eve. Finn McCool and the Great Fish

    Byrd, Robert. Finn MacCoul and His Fearless Wife: a Giant of a Tale from Ireland

    Byrne, Francis. Irish Kings and High-Kings

    Catholic Encyclopedia. "St. Columba"

    Cogitosus. The Life of St. Brigid

    The Colloquy of the Ancients

    De Hamel, Christopher. Scribes and Illuminators

    De Hamel, Christopher. A History of Illuminated Manuscripts

    Lord, Victoria. The Other Irish Saint: Brigid of Kildare

    Lonely Planet Guide to Ireland

    MacNab, P.A. Mull & Iona

    Marron, Emmet. "The Communities of St Columbanus: Irish Monasteries on the Continent?"

    McCaffrey, Carmel and Leo Eaton. In Search of Ancient Ireland: the Origins of the Irish from Neolithic Times to the Coming of the English

    McCullough, David Willis. Wars of the Irish Kings: a Thousand Years of Struggle from the Age of Myth Through the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I

    Meehan, Bernard. The Book of Kells

    O'Hanlon, John. Life of St. Brigid, Virgin: First Abbess of Kildare, Special Patroness of Kildare Diocese, and General Patroness of Ireland

    Ollivier, John J. Fun with Irish Myths: a Must for Every Irishman or Those Who Have to Live with One

    Rick Steves Guide to Ireland

    Suehle, Ruth. "The story of St. Columba: A modern copyright battle in sixth century Ireland"

    Photograph by wikipedia user Jal74

    Music by Aislinn


    053 - Borobudur and the Empires of Early Medieval Indonesia Mar 28, 2019
    Show notes

    While the Silk Road gets the fame, and the catchy nickname, the Indian Ocean maritime trade moved far more goods over a longer period of time. That trade, combined with its own unique products, made Indonesia and its first great kingdoms possible. The result were Indian-influenced trading empires and regional behemoths capable of creating the world's largest Buddhist monument on the island of Java.

    Anthony Frisina of the History of Indonesia podcast joins the show to discuss how these empires, the Srivijaya and Sailendra, came to be, how they built the great Borobudur, and why we don't know nearly as much about them as we'd like. We'll also discuss the interplay between Hinduism and Buddhism, which led to the creation of Prambanan, a massive Hindu temple just 44 km from Borobudur, that is a wonder in its own right.

    There's Chinese monks on pilgrimage, cloves a-plenty, and nasi goreng, a Javanese fried rice that hits all the right flavor notes.

    Sources:

    Cœdès, George. The Indianized States of South-East Asia

    Forman, Bedrich. Borobudur: the Buddhist Legend in Stone

    Guy, John. Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia

    Insight Guide to Indonesia

    Lonely Planet Guide to Indonesia

    Marks, Copeland. The Exotic Kitchens of Indonesia: Recipes from the Outer Islands

    Viegas, Jennifer. "Madagascar Founded By Women" on NBC News


    052 - The Kailashanatha Temple of Ellora and the Rashtrakutas Mar 14, 2019
    Show notes

    Early medieval India saw the rise of an empire based in the Deccan plateau: the Rashtrakutas. Despite their significant power and influence, their story is little-known and under-appreciated. From their most remarkable king, Amoghavarsha the author, to their architectural masterpiece at the caves of Ellora, we will remedy this shocking omission.

    The Kailashanatha Temple, carved from the Deccan rock, is a true wonder, and Anirudh Kanisetti, historian and host of the Echoes of India, brings its magic to life. We also talk about Indian math, Sanskrit poetry, and chicken kolhapuri, a spicy Deccan specialty.

    Sources:

    Keay, John. India: a History

    Lonely Planet Guide to India

    Mani, Chandra Mauli. A Journey through India's Past (Great Hindu Kings after Harshavardhana)

    Reu,Pandit Bisheshwar Nath. History Of The Rashtrakutas

    Rice, Edward P. A History of Kannada Literature

    Sample, Ian. "Asteroid that killed dinosaurs also intensified volcanic eruptions - study" in the Guardian

    Photo by Ms Sarah Welch in wikicommons


    051 - The Stelae of Copán and Waxaklajuun Ubaad Kawiil Feb 28, 2019
    Show notes

    We return to the land of the Maya, to visit their most stunning artistic achievement. The stelae of Copán, many constructed to honor Waxaklajuun Ubaad Kawiil, 13th king of the city, are remarkably intricate, humanist yet fantastic. His reign marked the highest point and also the lowest, as within decades of his untimely death, Copán and the other Classic Mayan cities would be abandoned. Or were they?

    Listener Richard Dennis describes his impressions of visiting Copán and traditional Honduran cuisine: beans and tortillas, culminating in the baleada. And we can't talk about Honduras without discussing the Football War.

    Sources:

    Bunce, Steve. "How a World Cup qualifier and the suicide of a young girl launched the bloody 100 Hour Football War" in the Independent.

    Earley, Caitlin C. "The Mesoamerican Ballgame" at Metropolitan Museum of Art's Timeline of Art History.

    Footprint Handbook: Honduras

    Martin, Simon and Nikolai Grube. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya

    Moon Handbook to Honduras and the Bay Islands

    Schele, Linda and Peter Mathews. The Code of Kings : the Language of Seven Sacred Maya Temples and Tombs

    Webster, David L. The Fall of the Ancient Maya: Solving the Mystery of the Maya Collapse

    Photo by Dennis Jarvis on wikicommons


    050 - The Umayyad Mosque of Damascus and the Umayyad Caliphate Feb 14, 2019
    Show notes

    After the Muslims exploded onto the scene in the 7th century, they learned that anyone can take a empire, but holding an empire is another matter entirely. We go to Syria, where Damascus served as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Umayyads were the family who eventually took control following the turmoil of finding successors to Muhammad.

    Ali A Olomi, historian and host of Head on History, rejoins us to take us into the next phase of Muslim history, in which the rich and connected Banu Umayya demonstrate the durability of hegemony: after every revolution, the elite and connected always come back in the end.

    The Umayyads may get a bad rap in places, but they left an enduring empire in their wake, best shown in the remarkable mosque in their capital.

    While we discuss the splendor and tragedy of Damascus, try some tabbouleh, my all-time favorite salad.

    Sources:

    Armstrong, Karen. Islam: a Short History.

    Donner, Fred McGraw. Muhammad and the Believers: at the Origin of Islam

    Ingraham, Christopher. "How rising inequality hurts everyone, even the rich" in Washington Post

    Keenan, Brigid. Damascus: Hidden Treasures of the Old City

    Kennedy, Hugh. Caliphate: the History of an Idea

    Bradt guide to Syria

    Footprint Syria handbook

    Photograph by wikipedia user Aladdin


    049 - The Giant Buddha of Leshan and Empress Wu Zetian Jan 24, 2019
    Show notes

    We return to China, where the Tang Dynasty has embarked on a golden age of culture and cosmopolitanism. In the valleys of Sichuan, a monk begins to carve the largest statue built in pre-industrial history. And in Chang'an, the world's largest and most international city, a young girl begins the path which would take her to the throne. And in Beijing, a half-Sogdian will launch the revolt that will bring everything crashing down.

    Katy and Nathan from the Queens podcast drop by to talk about Wu Zetian, the only ruling Empress in China's long history. The chroniclers reviled her as a monster, but we take a closer look at this woman who dominated her country for 50 years.

    Listener Jake volunteers to talk about his time in Sichuan, visiting the Giant Buddha, and eating Sichuan's famously delectable cuisine, fueled by tongue-tingling sichuan peppercorns.

    Speaking of cuisine, we dig into Gong Bao Chicken, the real thing, with all its sweet, spicy, crunchy goodness.

    Sources:

    Clements, Jonathan. Wu: The Chinese Empress Who Schemed, Seduced and Murdered Her Way to Become a Living God

    Keay, John. China: a History

    Lewis, Mark Edward. China's Cosmopolitan Empire: the Tang Dynasty

    Rough Guide to China

    Photo by Ariel Steiner


    Bonus - The Murals of Panjakent Dec 20, 2018
    Show notes

    It's our holiday bonus episode! This time, we're going to Tajikistan, to visit the intriguing murals of the Sogdians, a civilization wedged between Persians, Arabs, Turks, and Chinese, yet rich and remarkable on their own. In Panjakent, we have wall paintings of regular people, preserved for centuries. What they tell us helps explain the links between these great 7th and 8th century civilizations.

    Nadeem Ahmad, of living history group Eran ud Turan, drops by to discuss Sogdian society, food, and the challenges of bringing ancient Central Asian and Iranian culture to life.

    Plus, medieval Persian poetry and palav, the national dish of Tajikistan, made of rice, fried veggies, spices and sometimes lamb, although every family had their own recipe.

    Follow Nadeem: @eranudturan on Twitter eranudturan on Facebook eruanudturan on Patreon

    Sources:

    Azarpay, Guitty. Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art

    British Library, "Eighth and ninth century versions of the Rustam cycle"

    BBC, "Is Oshi Palav the King of Meals?"

    Grenet, Frantz and Etienne de la Vaissière. "The last days of Panjikent" in Silk Road Art and Archaeology

    Lonely Planet Guide to Central Asia

    Marshak, Boris. Legends, Tales, and Fables in the Art of Sogdiana

    Middleton, Robert and Huw Thomas. Tajikistan and the High Pamirs

    Yabukovich, Ilya, "Mugh 1.I. Revisited"


    048 - The Temples of Tikal and Nuun Ujol Chaak and Jasaw Chan Kawi'il Dec 13, 2018
    Show notes

    The Maya return as we visit Tikal, nestled in the jungles of northern Guatemala, and pick up the story of Nuun Ujol Chaak, after he left Palenque.

    Nuun Ujol Chaak was a rebel, facing unfathomable odds against an evil empire. And even if he might fall in the end, his son Jasaw Chan Kawi'il would take up the mantle and restore Tikal to greatness. It's his pyramids that tower above the treeline, representing the greatest architectural achievement of the Classic Maya.

    Nitin Sil from the Flash Point History podcast, appears to talk about his travels to Tikal, from climbing pyramids to avoiding monkeys.

    Guatemala is much more than Tikal, and its history as a "Banana Republic" gets a closer look. Its food, with its roots in centuries of Maya culture, merits a taste as well, especially pipian, a pumpkin-seed based sauce that works splendidly with chicken.

    Sources:

    Brown, Chip. "El Mirador: the Lost City of the Maya" in Smithsonian Magazine

    Harrison, Peter D. The Lords of Tikal: Rulers of an Ancient Maya City

    Insight Guides: Guatemala, Belize & the Yucatán

    Lonely Planet Guatemala

    Martin, Simon and Nikolai Grube. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya

    Montgomery, John. Tikal: an Illustrated History of the Ancient Maya Capital

    Schele, Linda and Peter Mathews. The Code of Kings : the Language of Seven Sacred Maya Temples and Tombs

    Photo by user chensiyuan on wikicommons


    047 - The Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque and King Pakal Nov 22, 2018
    Show notes

    Back to Mesoamerica, only this time, we introduce the Maya. At the edge of the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, sits the city of Lakam Ha, today called Palenque. Among its magnificent ruins is the Temple of the Inscriptions, the tomb of king Pakal. His rule was one of the longest in human history; yet how much of his success came from the strong women around him?

    We talk about the Mayan calendar, 2012, Pakal's magnificent tomb, and his sarcophagus which was NOT made by aliens.

    There's more to see in Chiapas as well, like colonial San Cristóbal, indigenous villages, waterfalls, and Mayan ruins Bonmapak and Yaxchilán. But for food, we head to next door Oaxaca to talk mole and mezcal margaritas.

    Sources:

    Deane, Zain. Mexico's Aztec and Maya Empires: an Explorer's Guide Lonely Planet Mexico Martin, Simon and Nikolai Grube. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya

    National Geographic Society. "Exclusive: Laser Scans Reveal Maya 'Megalopolis' Below Guatemalan Jungle." 2/1/18.

    Pillsbury, Joanne. "The Red Queen and Her Sisters: Women of Power in Golden Kingdoms"

    Schele, Linda and Peter Mathews. The Code of Kings : the Language of Seven Sacred Maya Temples and Tombs

    Photo by Jan Harenburg Music by the Orchestra Marimba de Chiapas


    Crater Lake and Oregon: 2nd Anniversary Bonus Episode Nov 10, 2018
    Show notes

    It's our SECOND ANNIVERSARY. Two years of history, travel, food, and such. What a ride. To celebrate, let's visit Oregon, a weird, magical place I love. I lived there for three years in the early 2010's and in this episode, I give the 30 things I love most about one of America's least understood states, including its real wonder, a volcanic caldera turned perfectly blue body of water: the imaginatively named Crater Lake. There's more to Oregon than meets the eye, and I hope you enjoy this little trip down the rabbit hole. Portlandia is reality television, by the way.

    Photo by Zainubrazvi on wikicommons.


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