Universe Today Podcast

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Episode 556: A Tour Of The Lagrange Points. Part 2 - Space Telescopes At L2 And Nothing At L3 Sep 03, 2019

Show notes

Lagrange Points. Stable spots in space that you just can’t stop thinking about. What spacecraft work best in which places? What are some amazing ideas that could utilize these regions across the Solar System?

In the last episode, I gave an overview of the Lagrange points, and then went into the details of spacecraft missions sent to L1, the perfect place to constantly observe the Sun, the Earth, or to block radiation coming from the Sun. The best place for a lunar elevator, or a spot to put a space station at the Moon.

This week, we’re going to talk about L2 and L3, the other meta-unstable spots that you can park a spacecraft at.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
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https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN7lS9bpB4
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/mission/observatory_l2.html
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00568378/document
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/main/index.html
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/news/entire-sun.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=598UtgxFd1E
https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/
https://wind.nasa.gov/
http://sci.esa.int/herschel/
https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Herschel/The_largest_infrared_space_telescope
https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck
http://sci.esa.int/gaia/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxgdcG_NQyA
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spektr_rg.html
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49504866
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/07/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-northrop-grumman-cost/566186/
https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
http://sci.esa.int/euclid/
https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/wfirst-wide-field-infrared-survey-telescope
http://sci.esa.int/plato/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCTGIxmM-e4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0SMNucXwgo
http://sci.esa.int/athena/
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1211/1211.3462.pdf
https://www.universetoday.com/142896/the-lunar-gateway-will-be-in-a-near-rectilinear-halo-orbit/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2c7nZB-040

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Episode 554: Q&A 97: By Request, Here's Our Dog. And Then Some Actual Questions... Aug 31, 2019

Show notes

In this week's questions show, I introduce Ona, by request. I explain why I don't think going to space is going to fix the big challenges that humanity faces, and how do astronomers figure out how big a planet is?

Talking about existential threats with Phil Torres
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKYTrKapyrs

00:00 Meet Ona
02:00 Will going to space fix our evil humanness?
04:40 Sparks under the space shuttle main engine
05:27 How do we know how big a planet is?
07:23 Can we push the Earth outward?
10:03 Why make so many telescopes?
11:50 Will we see less of the Universe in the future?
13:16 Will we have space colonies in my lifetime?
15:50 Is life beyond the scope of our ability to observe?
17:56 What about planets with long orbital periods?
19:57 What would happen if magnetars collided?
21:44 What will the CMB look like in billions of years?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Episode 555: A Tour Of The Lagrange Points. Part 1 - Past And Future Missions To L1 Aug 31, 2019

Show notes

Thanks to gravity, there are places across the Solar System which are nicely balanced. They’re called Lagrange Points and they give us the perfect vantage points for a range of spacecraft missions, from observing the Sun to studying asteroids, and more.

Various spacecraft have already visited Lagrange Points, used them for some or all of their missions, and there are fascinating plans in the works that could put new missions and even space colonies into these balanced places in the Solar System.

Let’s explore the Lagrange Points.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/754/what-is-a-lagrange-point/
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/02070836-isee-3.html
http://sci.esa.int/lisa-pathfinder/47363-fact-sheet/
https://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/page/Orbit
https://www.pnas.org/content/103/46/17184.full#sec-7
https://phys.org/news/2017-03-nasa-magnetic-shield-mars-atmosphere.html
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268569275_Terraforming_Venus_A_Challenging_Project_for_Future_Colonization
https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/604657main_4-%20GER%20Stakeholders%20Workshop%20Earth-Moon%20L1_L2%20Bobskill.pdf
http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/fellows/mar05/1032Pearson.pdf

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Episode 553: Bringing Mars To Earth. The Plans For a Mars Sample Return Mission Aug 28, 2019

Show notes

One of the great accomplishments of the Apollo missions was to bring home hundreds of kilograms of lunar rock. Suddenly, geologists had a lifetime’s worth of lunar samples captured from several different spots across the Moon. These rocks and dust have been under continuous analysis since the Apollo 11 astronauts came home over 50 years ago.

And they’re still making discoveries.

Scientists have samples of the Sun’s solar wind, particles from a comet’s tail, a few grams from an asteroid, with more coming shortly.

But there’s one world, the focus of so much scientific study, which has never had a sample returned: Mars.

NASA and the European Space Agency have been making plans to bring a sample home from Mars for decades, and now, missions could fly in the next few years, finally bringing a chunk of the Red Planet home to Earth for us to study directly.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/mission/quick-facts/#targetText=MISSION&targetText=Total%20distance%20traveled%3A%20At%20Cassini's,trajectory%20from%20Earth%20to%20Saturn.
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-16/in-depth/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/
https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/
https://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/E2E-iSAG_FINAL_REPORT.pdf
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2001/pdf/5452.pdf
https://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/ssbsite/documents/webpage/ssb_059308.pdf
https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back
https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back
https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/ninthmars2019/pdf/6369.pdf
https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Europe_to_Mars_and_back

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Episode 552: A Spacecraft Is Going To Build Its Own Solar Panels In Space: Archinaut One Aug 23, 2019

Show notes

As I’ve mentioned in several episodes now, humanity is in a bit of a transition period, a time when it makes sense to launch material up and out of Earth’s gravity well into orbit, and beyond. But it’s really expensive, costing up to $10,000 per pound you want in orbit, and 10 times if you want it on the Moon.

But over the coming decades, more and more of our space-based infrastructure will be built in space, manufactured out of materials that were mined in space.

The only thing that’ll actually need to leave the Earth’s clingy gravity well will be us, the humans, the tourists, wanting to visit all that space infrastructure.

Of course, in order to achieve that space future, engineers and mission planners will need to design and construct the technology that will make this possible.

That means testing out new prototypes, technologies and methodologies for mining and space-based manufacturing.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/07/nasas-technology-program-funds-ambitious-in-space-manufacturing-mission/
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-funds-demo-of-3d-printed-spacecraft-parts-made-assembled-in-orbit
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4818
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-to-develop-space-exploration-technologies
https://madeinspace.us/press-releases/made-in-space-inc-completes-successful-ground-based-manufacturing-assembly-testing-for-archinaut-program/
https://www.space.com/40516-made-in-space-vulcan-nasa-contract.html
https://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/vulcan/
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/upward3_3_book_v4_web.pdf
https://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/plastic-recycler/

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Episode 551: Q&A 96: Why Are Astronomers Finding Such Bizarre Exoplanets? And More... Aug 22, 2019

Show notes

In this week's questions show, I explain why all the planets astronomers have found are so bizarre. Couldn't we use laser highways to go faster? Is the lunar gateway really a lunar tollbooth?

00:14 Why do planets orbit so quickly?
02:33 What about laser highways?
03:57 Is the Lunar Gateway a Lunar Tollbooth?
07:15 How much artificial gravity is needed for human health?
08:43 Will Titan turn into Earth as the Sun expands?
10:14 Could Mars colonists work at night?
11:41 How do we know the temperatures of exoplanets?
13:00 Does the Moon affect satellite orbits?
14:50 Where will we find life first?
16:24 What's happening in real time?
17:57 Could we predict when something will crash into Sgr A*

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Episode 550: Exploring The Icy Moons of Jupiter. NASA's Europa Clipper and ESA's JUICE Aug 20, 2019

Show notes

Mars is the place that most of our spacecraft, landers and rovers are studying, searching for any evidence that life ever existed somewhere else in the Solar System.

But talk to planetary scientists, and they’re just as excited about the ocean worlds of the Solar System; the moons, asteroids, dwarf planets and Kuiper Belt objects where there could be vast oceans of liquid water under thick shells of ice.

The perfect environment for life to thrive.

We’ve only had tantalizing hints that these oceans are there, but NASA is building a spacecraft that will study one of these worlds in detail: the Europa Clipper. And they’re not the only ones. The European Space Agency is building their own mission, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://europa.nasa.gov/about-europa/ocean/
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/overview/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6772
https://europa.nasa.gov/about-clipper/instruments/
https://spacenews.com/europa-or-enceladus-if-nasa-switches-from-sls-to-falcon-heavy-it-wont-have-to-choose/
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7122
https://docs.house.gov/meetings/AP/AP00/20190522/109552/HMKP-116-AP00-20190522-SD002.pdf
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/05/without-champion-europa-lander-falls-nasa-s-back-burner
https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/10/18075556/jupiter-moon-europa-lander-nasa-john-culberson-midterms-life
https://newatlas.com/europa-giant-ice-spikes/56704/
http://sci.esa.int/juice/49837-juice-assessment-study-report-yellow-book/#
http://sci.esa.int/juice/50068-science-objectives/
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/jupiter-moons/ganymede/in-depth/
http://sci.esa.int/juice/61415-arianespace-and-esa-announce-jupiter-icy-moons-explorer-launch-contract/

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Episode 549: Why Build Big Rockets At All? It’s Time For Orbital Refueling Aug 16, 2019

Show notes

On Tuesday, July 30th, NASA announced 19 different partnerships with 13 different companies to use their expertise to help them develop space technologies, from advanced communications systems to new methods of entry, descent and landing.

Instead of contracting out specific projects, NASA will make its employees, facilities, hardware and software available to these companies, for free.

One of the most notable of these partnerships will be with SpaceX and NASA’s Glenn and Marshall Centers to help advance the technology of transferring propellant in orbit.

In other words, NASA is going to help SpaceX figure out how to refuel a spacecraft while it’s in space. And if they can figure this out, it could completely change the way missions are launched and flown.

Everyday Astronaut - Raptor Engine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbH1ZDImaI8

Article from Ars Technica about the ACES Program
https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-us-industry-partnerships-to-advance-moon-mars-technology
https://www.spacex.com/mars
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000121212.pdf
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/progress_about.html
https://sspd.gsfc.nasa.gov/robotic_refueling_mission.html
https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/exploration/evolving-to-a-depot-based-space-transportation-architecture.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu72H3jMpuY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbZKfno1KNc
https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/08/rocket-scientist-says-that-boeing-squelched-work-on-propellant-depots/

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Episode 548: Q&A 95: Is Techno-Optimism Blinding Us To The Challenges of Space Exploration? And More... Aug 16, 2019

Show notes

In this week's questions show, I answer if techno optimism is blinding us to the challenges of spaceflight, why there aren't spacecraft at all the planets right now, could the Great Attractor be dark matter? And more...

Links to various raw images
Cassini - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/raw-images/raw-image-viewer/?order=earth_date+desc&per_page=50&page=0
Curiosity - https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/raw/#/?slide=2496
Dawn - https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/galleries/images/?page=0&per_page=25&order=created_at+desc&search=&tags=dawn&condition_1=1%3Ais_in_resource_list&category=51

00:33 Is techno-optimism blinding us to challenges of spaceflight
04:17 Why aren't there spacecraft at all the planets right now?
06:22 What if the Universe wraps?
08:39 Could the Great Attractor be dark matter?
10:21 What's the biggest telescope that could be built on the Moon?
11:50 Open your mind to crop circles
13:59 How do you steer a solar sail?
16:25 Twin planets in L3 Lagrange Points?
18:23 Shouldn't the frost line move outward?
19:59 Can a red giant support life?
22:07 What if astronauts get sick?
24:07 How does the radial velocity method detect multiple planets?

Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week, and answer them here.

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

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Episode 547: Spacecraft Gyroscopes And Reaction Wheels. You Can Never Have Enough Aug 13, 2019

Show notes

It’s amazing to think there are telescopes up in space, right now, directing their gaze at distant objects for hours, days and even weeks. Providing a point of view so stable and accurate that we can learn details about galaxies, exoplanets and more.

And then, when the time is up, the spacecraft can shift its gaze in another direction. All without the use of fuel.

It’s all thanks to the technology of reaction wheels and gyroscopes. Let’s talk about how they work, how they’re different, and how their failure has ended missions in the past.

06:49 Scientists May Have Figure Out Why So Many Spacecraft Were Failing - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUU

Our Book is out!
https://www.amazon.com/Universe-Today-Ultimate-Viewing-Cosmos/dp/1624145442/

Audio Podcast version:
ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2
RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio

What Fraser's Watching Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G

Weekly email newsletter:
https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter

Weekly Space Hangout:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0-KklSGlCiJDwOPdR2EUcg/

Astronomy Cast:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHI67dh9jEO2rvK--MdCSg

Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com
Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

References:
https://www.nature.com/news/the-wheels-come-off-kepler-1.13032
http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-successful-flight-by-light.html
https://astrobites.org/2013/05/21/kepler-reaction-wheel-failure-cripples-spacecraft-but-mission-thrives/
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/news/dawn20120418.html
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/blog/2016/1/dawns-sunny-side-views-of-dwarf-planet-ceres/#RWAs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KibT-PEMHUU
https://www.spacetelescope.org/announcements/ann1818/
https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/forScientists/faqScientists.html#wheels
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFmOr1vMOT4

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