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    Christianity

    Thinking Fellows

    The Thinking Fellows is a 45-minute podcast about theology, philosophy, Christian history, and apologetics. It is hosted by Scott Keith, Caleb Keith, Adam Francisco, and Bruce Hilman. The Thinking Fellows bring high-level subject matters to fun and insightful lay-level conversations each week.

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    Copyright: © 2023

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    Latest Episodes:
    Can We Trust Luther? Jul 17, 2026
    Show notes

    In this episode of Thinking Fellows, Adam, Bruce, and Caleb explore whether Martin Luther can be trusted, responding to modern critiques that question his character, motives, and mental state as a way of dismissing the Reformation. They argue that while Luther was at times emotional, outspoken, and flawed, his theology should be judged by how faithfully it interprets Scripture rather than by speculative psychological diagnoses or personal attacks. Along the way, they discuss how Luther's humanity, historical context, and extensive writings have fueled both serious scholarship and polemical caricatures, encouraging listeners to evaluate his teaching on its biblical merits.

    More from 1517:

    • Support the work at 1517

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco

    • Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

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    The Turk at the Door Jul 09, 2026
    Show notes

    In this episode of Thinking Fellows, Adam Francisco discusses his new book The Turk at the Door, exploring how Martin Luther understood Islam, the Ottoman Empire, and the challenges facing Christendom during the Reformation. The conversation examines Luther's distinction between just war and holy war, his study of the Quran, and why Christians should understand Islam without confusing political conflict with the proclamation of the Gospel. They discuss why this overlooked chapter of Reformation history still matters today as Christians engage thoughtfully and faithfully with their Muslim neighbors.

    More from 1517:

    • Support the work at 1517

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco

    • Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

    Are Young Men Coming Back To Church? Jul 01, 2026
    Show notes

    Caleb, Scott, and Bruce discuss the claim that young men are making a dramatic return to regular church attendance. They examine the data and the growing implications of the widening differences between young men and young women in their dispositions toward Christianity. Ultimately, the fellows urge caution and patience, warning against adopting a new "seeker-sensitive" approach to church in an attempt to capitalize on these trends.

    More from 1517:

    • Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser!

    • Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

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    Lutheranism in Finland w/ Toni Kokkonen Jun 17, 2026
    Show notes

    In this episode of Thinking Fellows, Dr. Scott Keith and Caleb Keith discuss the state of Christianity in Finland with pastor and youth director Toni Kokkonen. The conversations examines how Lutheranism shaped Finnish culture and identity, the challenges posed by secularization and debates within the Finnish state church, and the role of confessional renewal movements seeking to remain faithful to Scripture. Despite cultural and ecclesial challenges, the episode highlights encouraging signs among younger generations who are deeply engaged with theology, worship, and the future of Lutheran Christianity in Finland.

    More from 1517:

    • Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser!

    • Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    Jesus vs. Paul? The Myth of a Divided New Testament Jun 12, 2026
    Show notes

    Did the Apostle Paul invent Christianity? Did his teachings contradict the message of Jesus? These claims have become increasingly common in popular books, documentaries, podcasts, and online discussions. The Fellows refute this idea and present compelling reasons to see and believe that the New Testament speaks with one voice.

    More from 1517:

    • Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser!

    • Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

    Follow 1517:

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    Certainty and Assurance Jun 05, 2026
    Show notes

    The Thinking Fellows discuss proclimation, apologetics, and epistemology. What does it mean that the Christian faith is certain? How does certainty of God's word differ from analytic certainty like mathmatics? The certainty of the Christian faith comes from a divine word of promise that points us to the death and ressurection of Christ for both knowledge and faith.

    More from 1517:

    • Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser!

    • Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    New Books from 1517 Publishing:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

    Follow 1517:

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    What Is the Athanasian Creed, and Why Does It Matter? May 30, 2026
    Show notes

    Caleb Keith and John Hoyum discuss the content and purpose of the Athanasian Creed. What is this third ecumenical creed, and why do Lutherans still confess it today?

    More from 1517:

    • Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser!

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    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

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    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    How American Christianity Lost Baptism May 25, 2026
    Show notes

    "America was designed to destroy baptism" is a famous quote from Dr. Steven Paulson and his appearance on the Thinking Fellows live show in 2017. Caleb and Scott are joined by Dan van Voorhis to examine the truth behind Dr. Paulson's statement. Together, they explore the rejection of infant baptism in American Protestantism and how this shift has often turned faith and knowledge into meritorious works within Protestant theology.

    Show Notes:

    • Support 1517 Podcast Network

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    What's New from 1517:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

    What Do Christians Have to Say About Hell? May 15, 2026
    Show notes

    The Thinking Fellows examine one of Christianity's most difficult and avoided topics: hell. In a world where many people either explain hell away or imagine it through the lens of Dante and Milton rather than Scripture, the Fellows discuss what Christians can seriously and straightforwardly confess about eternal judgment. Looking especially to the teaching and ministry of Jesus Christ, the conversation explores how Christians can speak honestly about hell without falling into speculation, sensationalism, or silence.

    Show Notes:

    • Support 1517 Podcast Network

    • Taking Hell Seriously

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    What's New from 1517:

    • By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

    Does God Have a Plan for Your Life? May 05, 2026
    Show notes

    The Thinking Fellows examine a common question about the Christian life and God's power and plans.

    What are common mistakes made when talking about God ordaining or planning the events and conditions in our lives? In what ways is it true that God has a plan for you? The conversation leads people toward the finished work of Christ and God's means of communication to his people.

    Show Notes:

    • Support 1517 Podcast Network

    • 1517 Podcasts

    • 1517 on Youtube

    • 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts

    • 1517 Events Schedule

    • 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education

    What's New from 1517:

    • 1517 Youtube: How God Still Speaks Today

    • Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith

    • A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco

    • Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann

    • The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation

    • Philip Melanchthon's Commentary on Ecclesiastes, Translated by Dr. Derek Cooper

    More from the hosts:

    • Caleb Keith

    • Scott Keith

    • Adam Francisco

    • Bruce Hilman

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