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    Education

    The Fresh Perspective

    Come join the conversation about freethought, philosophy, politics, religion, atheism, science, logic, reason, rationality, social issues, morality, current events, and more!

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    Copyright: © Free Thought Initiative (c) 2019

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    Time Travel (Part 2) Back Through 13 Billion Years May 24, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 9

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    Did you get a chance to listen to our last episode about our journey back through 4 Billion years of earth’s history? If not, pause this episode and go check it out. I’ll be sure to leave a link below.

    https://youtu.be/7WMHfLL473E

    This episode is the second part in a series where we will be looking back through the past, a few billion years at a time. If you invented a time machine and began to travel backwards, what would you see? How far back could you go? In this episode, we will try to wrap our minds around some planetary science, astrophysics, and cosmology, as we rewind time at one billion years per minute, with the help of a little imagination.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org.

    (Crunching Noises)

    Mmmhmm, now that was a good lunch! I noticed you were looking out the window. Are you hoping to see something swimming out there? It’s unlikely, we have already traveled over 4 billion years into the past. As far as we know, our planet is now completely barren. True, there are organic molecules all over the earth, but they’re not quite yet alive.

    Did you hear that? It could be an earthquake or volcano. Most likely, the earth has been hit. You see, this far back in time, the space between the planets of the solar system wasn’t quite as empty like it is in our time. There is an awful lot of space junk up there being collected by gravity into anything big close by, like us.

    Our time machine is about to surface, and then we can continue our trip back to the beginning of time. To tell you the truth, we aren’t even half way there! Are you ready? Alright, I’ll re-set our speed to travel at about one billion years per minute, or at about 16 million years per second. Our computer will also let us know when we reach each billion-year milestone. Go ahead and pull that lever back!

    Our vehicle glows and twists space-time, hurdling us back into the past. We are in the Hadean Eon, looking down, as much of our oceans boil and rumble into clouds of steam. The clouds are reabsorbed into balls of rocky ice, comets, which fly off in all directions, leaving massive craters in the hellish landscape of our infant planet.

    We pass through the late heavy bombardment in which the Earth and moon is pelted, non-stop, by asteroids, meteorites, and all kinds of space debris. The moon flies past us, dangerously close to the surface of the earth, spiraling in until it dissolves into countless rocks and globs of earth. For a few seconds, our lava planet has no moon, but has at least a partial set of rings.

    At 30 seconds into our journey, the planet shakes and is almost broken in half! Its rings and vaporized-rock atmosphere re-form into its surface and a protoplanet, about the size of mars, which struck the earth! This protoplanet, named “Theia,” flies back into space, re-assuming its doomed spiral toward us.

    More evaporated water is pulled back onto the infant world, a red-hot ember of molten rock and radioactive elements. From here, you can almost see the light rocky elements of the crust falling and the heavy metal elements rising, mixing the world up into a liquefied mess as rocks from space continued to bombard it.

    We pull back to keep our distance in just enough time to see our world spin faster and faster, flinging its rock, metal, and water out into space. In no time at all, it’s gone. The earth is nothing but a massive cloud of light elements, a dust pile around a new star.

    I was so focused on our planet that I missed the formation of Mercury, Venus, Mars, or Jupiter. All the planets, moons, and objects in our solar system have now dissolved into a scattered and dusty gas cloud.

    Once we pass 40 seconds back, the light goes out. 99% of the mass of our solar system is no longer condensed by gravity enough for nuclear fusion. The matter around us is no longer compact enough to form a star. In a few more seconds, we drift in the darkness of space, unable to tell that we were once in a system of majestic planets.

    If you look down there, you can see the constellation Libra. Below that you can see the stars of the Southern Cross. Between those two is the Centaurus constellation. Do you see the brightest star in the centaur? That is where you can find the Alpha Centauri system of three stars and a planet. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to us, but at about 50 seconds we see it fly further away from us, and then shrink back into its own stellar nursery of gas clouds.

    Surrounded mostly by invisible hydrogen and helium in a molecular cloud, we see the stellar siblings of our sun grow closer to us, only to also be snuffed out in the rewinding of time.

    5 BILLION YEARS AGO

    At this speed you can see some of the constellations slowly contort and become unrecognizable. Some stars in other constellations go out while other remain unchanged. The expansion of the universe is stretching the space between the galaxies, but we are seeing this in reverse. In fact, distant stars and galaxies seem to be rushing closer. Don’t worry, we have plenty of time before they collide with us. They appear to be moving quickly now because we are in the Dark Energy Dominated Era. Pretty soon, the mysterious dark energy that accelerated this expansion will, for some reason, have a weaker effect.

    6 BILLION YEARS AGO

    From here, you can see the bright center of our galaxy. There is an ancient black hole there, and it usually takes our sun about 225 million years to circle it. At our speed of one-billion-years per minute, we will rotate around the center of the galaxy about every 14 seconds. Our Milky Way has about 100 billion stars, and there are about 125 billion galaxies in the universe, but that number is slowly dropping as we fly through history.

    As far as we know, we are the only living things that can see this view out the window. What is so special about the stars and galaxies out there? To be fair, it still looks a lot like something you’d see from the Hubble telescope. Well, we’ve made it half way. We have traveled through half of the age of the universe. In other words, we are half way to the Big Bang!

    7 BILLION YEARS AGO

    After seven minutes of travel, our milky way is starting to change its size and shape. Many of its stars, including our sun, have gone out, but long dead stars have reignited. Smaller galaxies slowly pull away from it and the Milky Way has begun to shrink. Some parts of our home galaxy house some of the oldest stars in the universe, so we shouldn’t expect it to vanish any time soon.

    8 BILLION YEARS AGO

    Superclusters begin to break apart into clusters, clusters into groups, and groups into lone galaxies. Neighboring galaxies in our local group are spinning and dissolving into smaller clusters of stars. For the next 6 minutes, you are going to see a lot of that. The universe is expanding in reverse for us, so as it slowly closes in, it is getting easier to spot other galaxies shrinking, splitting apart, and growing dimmer as fewer stars set them apart from the inky black cosmos.

    9 BILLION YEARS AGO

    The universe is only 4.8 billion years old now, and many of the elemental clouds that would give birth to future stars are collapsing into supernovae, blinding explosions that flash for the briefest instant, only to swell back into super massive stars where most of the heavy elements of the cosmos are cooked.

    10 BILLION YEARS AGO

    The edges of the universe have again begun to speed up toward us. The universe is only 3.8 billion years old now, and it is getting warmer. Gravity hasn’t had much time to clump all of the galaxies together, so the stars we see are far more spread out compared to what we are used to seeing. To us, our own Milky Way has become unrecognizable, but I am sure there are some experts that could point out some notable features even this far back.

    11 BILLION YEARS AGO

    Wait, have you been touching any of the controls to the time machine? I haven’t. It seems like we are getting faster. Does time itself warp more dramatically, the closer we get to the big bang? I don’t know, but it is a fascinating thing to consider.

    12 BILLION YEARS AGO

    It is really dark out there! There are a few stars near us, and there must be countless other stars, but most of them are just too far away for us to see. It was nice when there were bright galaxies, but I can’t even see any of them anymore.

    There are plenty of black holes out there. The truth is we could fall into one of the smaller ones at any moment, and we would never see it coming.

    Look! Even the oldest stars, quasars, and dwarf galaxies are going out! In a few seconds, we won’t see a thing…

    I don’t think I have ever seen anything so dark.

    13 BILLION YEARS AGO

    Our sensors are picking up a great deal of ultraviolet light. The space around us is quickly heating up into a kind of plasma. Blasts of light come from blinding hyper novae, the death of the very first stars. They were super massive Hydrogen giants. Now that they have reformed we have crossed into a universe ruled by energy, not matter.

    The Hydrogen giants weren’t formed by gravity collecting hydrogen gas alone. No, most of the stuff out our window is dark matter, as has always been the case, accelerating the collection of molecules together.

    At 13 minutes and 50 seconds into our voyage, even the first black holes are evaporating back into their stellar forms. Matter is spread fairly evenly across the cosmos. We are plunged in darkness yet again. This is fitting, because we have crossed into the Cosmic Dark Age.

    At our current speed, it’s not going to stay dark for long.

    White light floods our windows, like a searchlight, right into our eyes! No, that isn’t some explosion or star. That is a wave of photons released from the Recombination & Decoupling stage of our universe. The first neutral atoms had just formed, allowing tremendous amounts of energy to fly free in the now transparent cosmos. We can even see this energy back in our own time, as the cosmic microwave background radiation! Just as suddenly as the light arrived, it vanishes.

    This is the end of the line for us. I know we wanted to go further, but I have to insist. The universe is only 47,000 years old, but this is as far as we can go. It is getting so hot outside our time machine that atoms are no longer able to hold onto their electrons. In other words, our time machine will soon dissolve into a plasma itself! The universe is now dark and opaque, a dense foggy soup of plasma, like the inside of a star. If we travel much further, we will be ripped apart by antimatter and crushed by the pressure of the universe closing in around us.

    There is no time for a debate! Our craft can’t take this heat! Push that button to reverse our course – hurry!

    …

    Now that was an adventure.

    Now that we are safe back home, I really can’t wait to get my feet back on the ground. I hope you aren’t too disappointed that we couldn’t see the big bang. I suppose that no time-machine, probe, robot, or space craft can really go much further back in time than we did. However, if you would like to perform a thought experiment to see if we can go back to the big bang, and even before it, I do have an episode of this podcast called, “What Happened before the Big Bang?” Why don’t you give it a listen? I bet you’d get a kick out of it.

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    Time Travel (Part 1) Back Through 4 Billion Years May 22, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 8

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    When you were young, were you a fan of the magic school bus or Carl Sagan’s ship of the imagination? I’m still a fan, and today, we will be taking a journey on our own makeshift craft to explore the amazing discoveries of science.

    This episode is the first part in a series where we will be looking back through the past a few billion years at a time. If you invented a time machine and began to travel backwards, what would you see? How far back could you go? In this episode, we will try to wrap our minds around some paleontology, biology, and geology as we rewind time at one billion years per minute, with the help of a little imagination.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org.

    Picture, if you will, our time machine. It has taken years to design and construct with cutting-edge technology. If we sat inside and began to work the controls, what might we see?

    I hope you packed a lunch because we may be gone for a while. I’m powering up the machine now. Many physicists such as Stephen Hawking have deduced that backward time-travel is impossible, given how easy it is to create paradoxes that would prevent your travel in the first place, but we will table a discussion on the physics, mechanisms, and logistics of time travel for some other day. Today, we are going back in time!

    That is what you wanted to do today right? Go back as far as we can, maybe to the beginning of the universe? Let’s make it a quick ride, traveling at about 1 billion years a minute, or about 16 million years a second… I’ll program the computer to tell us once we hit each billion-year milestone. You know, at that speed, the techonomic plates below our feet will be moving at about 2,000 miles per hour. Usually, they only move at about 5 cm per year, but like I said, we are trying to make this trip quick. But to be on the safe side, let’s launch into the air to prevent whiplash. Alright, pull the lever to take us backwards. That one, there!

    With a stunning spiral of sparks and light, we are flung into history. Quickly, look out the window! We are travelling so fast through time that we can’t distinguish between day and night.

    If you blinked, then you just missed literally all of human history. I’m not just talking about World War II, the European Middle Ages, or even the construction of the Egyptian pyramids. Nope, in just one second we have gone back to before humans wrote anything down, before we settled down into farming villages, and even before our ancestors were walking on two legs.

    Trees quickly dominate where farms and cities once stood. In just one second into our journey, all humanity has been reduced to a tree-dwelling ancestor in Africa. The Homo genus has not even branched off yet from the tree of life.

    Lakes freeze back into massive glaciers and we careen past multiple ice-ages. We pass through the Neogene Period and the world is dominated by long-extinct mammals such as the early ancestors of woolly mammoths, giant sloths, and saber-tooth cats. Grassy fields disappear as the world grows more arid, mountainous, and desert-like.

    Two seconds into our journey lands us in the middle of the Paleogene Period. Dense and hot jungles cover the land. The large mammals we saw are shrinking in size, back to their shrew-like ancestors, ruled over by large crocodiles and snakes, and then by large flightless birds. The dominant sharks and whales in the oceans are replaced by unrecognizable monsters.

    Four seconds back and the earth is rocked by the K-T meteorite that killed the dinosaurs. For the next 11 seconds, we witness flowering plants vanish, and great herds of triceratops chased by the ancestors of modern birds, the theropods such as Tyrannosaurs, Allosaurus, and raptors. Duck-billed Hadrosaurs and the long-necked Sauropods take-over as the Earth’s continents continue to shift. The dinosaurs shrink in size, back into their reptilian ancestors and the continents of the world clump together into one landmass: Pangea.

    About 15 seconds into our journey and the air becomes thick with coal smoke from Siberian volcanic eruptions during what scientists call “The Great Dying.” Less than 5% of all life on earth survived this, including our reptilian-like synapsid ancestor that descended from the lumbering Dimetrodon, with the sail on its back.

    20 Seconds have passed and we are in the Carboniferous Period where the earth is a hot swamp planet with high levels of oxygen and massive insects! Dragon-flies the size of eagles and millipedes the size of alligators lurk below.

    22 seconds and we can see that fish-like creatures are starting to live on land, such as Tiktaalik! In the Devonian and Silurian Periods, the real party is in the ocean as the massive varieties of fish and arthropods like scorpions coagulate back into just a handful of ancestral species. We see the first land plants and fungi recede.

    Earth’s 2nd most devastating extinction event can be seen at 27 seconds, in which the earth enters a deep freeze. Before it, in the Ordovician Period, we see the first fish and cephalopods like squids evolve. We are now far enough back that Trilobites ruled the world!

    One half minute into our journey back in time plants us in the Cambrian period, in which the oceans saw an explosion of the first large animals in astonishing variety, each looking more alien than the next! For another second, sponges, mollusks, choral, worms, sea snails, arthropods, all devolve back into simpler colonies of cells.

    33 seconds back takes us into the Precambrian Neoproterozoic Era of the earth. Ediacarans are the first animals, swimming in a cooling and less oxygenated ocean as ice sheets spread over the earth. They were soft-bodied, and look more to me like a liver than an animal. The next few seconds take us to even earlier forms of life, but these have left almost no traces in our fossil record.

    1 BILLION YEARS AGO

    In just over a minute and we have covered more than 100 million years of earth history! We have reached the Mesoproterozoic Era, a time in which our oldest rock layers formed that still exist today. Life is almost entirely single-celled organisms, now playing with something that gives them a new evolutionary advantage: sexual reproduction.

    Now at 1 minute and 40 seconds, life has resorted back to asexual reproduction. In other words, if single-celled organisms want to reproduce, they just split and half to make two sister cells.

    We now slip into the longest geological age of the earth: The Paleoproterozoic Era. The earliest forms of our planet’s continents stabilize. The days are only 20 hours long, and the first Eukaryotic Cells have emerged. These microbes are your direct ancestors. Can you see the family resemblance? They may be humble, but these cells are survivors.

    2 BILLION YEARS AGO

    A massive increase in oxygen has killed off almost all life on earth. Only the single-celled organisms that can survive in this newly toxic atmosphere will be able to reproduce. Rolling time back allows us to see where all this oxygen came from. It was a byproduct of mostly cyanobacteria, capitalizing on a new invention: photosynthesis.

    3 BILLION YEARS AGO

    Our journey has brought us to the Archean Eon. The earth begins to get warmer, and the rock of the earth’s surface is destabilizing into lava and magma. The entire planet was three times warmer than it is today, but many rock formations from this age have actually survived to present times.

    At about three minutes and 45 seconds, we run into a humble cell floating in the ocean. She is something special compared to all of her doomed peers. We call her “LUCA” because she is the Last Universal Common Ancestor of all life on earth. You, your dog, the bacteria, bees, and flowers outside, all carry with them an evolved form of LUCA’s fortuitous collection of some 355 genes.

    4 BILLION YEARS AGO

    It is a good thing we are in a time machine, because you can’t breathe out there. Almost no oxygen exists in earth’s atmosphere. It is a red and black wasteland of volcanoes, lightning storms, and oceans. We are now at about four minutes into our trip. We’ll pause here.

    It’s time to take a closer look under that murky ocean. As we take a trip down into the archaic depths, we quickly find underwater volcanoes, spewing chemical rich gasses into the icy-cold depths. Our scanners are picking up something that just sent shivers down my back. Chemistry, just became biochemistry. The first forms of RNA have replicated themselves, which means that the electromagnetic interactions between atoms and molecules just handed the running of life over to the forces of natural selection.

    In other words, life as we know it has been on the earth for about four billion years!

    Deep in this dark ocean, this seems like a good place to take a break! Did you have a chance to grab a lunch? We’ll stop here between the Hadean Eon and the Archean Eon. In our next episode, we’ll see if we can go back a few more billion years, back to get beginning of the universe itself!

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    Are We a Church or a Religious Group? May 21, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 7

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    We just got back from the 1000 Lights Water Lantern Festival and were perplexed by one question that came up a few times. “Are you a church?” In this episode, I will answer that question so that all of you out there may have a better idea of the place the Free Thought Forum has in our society.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org.

    There is nothing like meeting people and answering questions at fairs and festivals. I was impressed, at this last event, with how many people really get it! They instantly understood how important our group was and the kind of positive impact we could have. At first, they’d casually ask who we were, and when we explained that we were a group that invites religious people, non-religious people, conservatives, liberals, college educated people, non-college educated people, and so forth, to talk about big ideas, their eyes lit up! They get it!

    We value every single person’s perspective and want to hear what they have to say. Our organization exists to give you the opportunity to really speak your mind.

    More than once, someone would ask whether or not our organization was a church.

    No, we are not a church.

    We are not a church, or any other kind of faith-based group, religion, or religious institution. We do strive to be a non-profit that can meet many social needs such as funeral and wedding officiation and the need for a supportive community. Yes, we do host community events and volunteer projects. It’s true that our groups meet once a week and that we can talk about philosophical things, morality, history, and even religion itself. But that is where our similarities with religious organizations begin to break down.

    Here is one way to think about it. For people with a faith-based religious group, our organization is supplemental to that group. For people who don’t have a faith-based religious group, our organization can stand in as a replacement for such a group. We are more of a “church alternative.” In many ways, we can even be considered to be the opposite of a church group.

    There is no real historical or academic definition of what is and is not a religion. In many ways, multi-level marketing groups, political parties, and even fan conferences and conventions can share many traits that we would usually call “religious.” But we strive to set ourselves apart from those organizational models because we feel that we can do more good if we fit a different niche in society. Here are five things that I hope will make that distinction more clear:

    1. WE DON’T CLAIM ANY DIVINE OR SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY

    I find it funny when religious leaders say things like “Well, I think you should be free to believe what you want, but I think God cares a lot more about that decision.” If you think that you have to make a choice between heaven and hell, then you don’t really have a choice, do you?

    What makes a preacher, bishop, imam, priest, guru, shaman, witch-doctor, or prophet different from any other person? Not much. But to many, their title denotes a certain authority. When a regular Joe stands up and says what he think people should do, that is just his opinion. But when religious leaders do the same, many people believe they represent something greater than a person’s perspective. Sometimes these leaders claim some hidden knowledge, that they better understand the will of god, or the gods, or that they are scholars of some holy scripture, and are poised to help others better understand the text. They present themselves as experts in things that no one can know for sure. Often, they assert that they were chosen or compelled by a greater power, and you will just have to take their word for it.

    The Free Thought Forum claims no such authority. Our leaders are regular people. Some of us are college educated, some are not. Some of us have professional titles, some do not. We do, however, strive to be open to see which arguments are better than others. We can read scientific journals and studies, but so can almost anyone else. In short, we don’t pretend to have any special training, talents, or insider knowledge. Rather, we offer our programs to our members and guests who we consider equals in the sincere search for truth.

    With that said, we do value logic, reason, science, and rationality as extremely valuable tools in this search. Their value is apparent given how reliable science is, and how fundamental it is to every part of our modern civilization. (In fact, I invite anyone to debate me on the validity of science if you think I’m wrong to give it such a distinction.) Wherever possible, we will ask our members to back up any claims they have to spiritual knowledge with logic, reason, evidence, experiment, and so forth.

    More to the point, we do not ask any of our members or guests to believe in any supernatural thing, whatsoever. That fact alone pulls us apart from most religious organizations.

    2. WE DON’T TELL PEOPLE WHAT THEY SHOULD OR SHOULDN’T BELIEVE

    Once when I was teaching 6th graders, I was asked “Do you believe in evolution?” I considered the tremendous impact of what my answer can have on the child. His parents were religious and would probably complain to the school if my answer was, “yes.” If I said “no,” then I could dramatically injure this child’s trust in science. I answered, “That is a good question, but what I believe doesn’t really matter. What matters is what is true. What matters is where the evidence leads.”

    There is an underlying problem with dogma. Put simply, dogma represents unjustified ideas that are established as something that must be believed, no matter what. Dogma is a cornerstone to most religious institutions. In them, you are asked to “just believe” or have faith. You are told that something is true, and that you are not supposed to question it.

    That approach is in stark contrast with our own. We encourage you to question, contemplate, test, and pick-apart the most important things you believe. If they are indeed accurate, then they will hold up to any kind of scrutiny or test, and will prove worthy of your belief. If they do not hold up, then you are now free to abandon false beliefs.

    What is true? For me, that is a question that deserves a lifetime of dedicated and sincere study, exploration, and a certain willingness to modify your findings in light of better information. In my opinion, it cheapens the truth if we try to stamp an easy answer on top of it. This organization does not claim to know the truth. Rather, we are here to walk by your side as we look for it together.

    Our group treats belief as a deeply personal matter. If you believe in god, gods, spirits, angels, demons, past lives, spiritual abilities, chi, the afterlife, and so on, then you are welcome to continue believing in those things. That is your personal choice, and we don’t see that it is our business to tell you want you can and can’t believe.

    Even when it comes to secular things such as scientific fact or history, we don’t require anyone to agree with any idea or argument. Rather, we encourage our members and guests to take an academic approach and at least be willing to consider the various ethical and scientific claims made in our presentations.

    Our focus is not on the conclusions, but rather, in the process. We want to discuss what is real, and how we can know it. We want to discuss what is moral, and how we can know that. The discussion is what is key. All in attendance are welcome to draw their own conclusions, week after week.

    3. WE DON’T DEMAND EXCLUSIVE DEVOTION, MEMBERSHIP, OR WORSHIP

    Many religious or political groups will discourage you from considering the other side of the argument. You may be seen as an outcast for trying out other groups. They may even call considering what other faiths have to say as a sin or shameful. They claim to know the one and only truth, and will do what they can to limit the exposure to every other approach.

    We encourage our members to be open minded and willing to see things from multiple angles. So if you would like to visit a forum and then visit your spiritual leader the next day, that poses no problem to us. If you are an atheist who belongs to ours and several other atheistic groups, then those groups are all the better to have you. We sincerely do hope to see all kinds of people from all kinds of backgrounds at our meetings, and invite you to come as often as you like. There is no cost to attend, and there is no penalty for leaving our groups. Put another way, if you visit three parties before ours, we don’t mind at all. We are just happy that you could make it to our party.

    The Free Thought Forum is a place where anyone can belong, and we mean it when we say “anyone.”

    4. THERE ARE NO OFF-LIMIT TOPICS, TABOO SUBJECTS, OR UNWELCOMED IDEAS.

    If you have ever been banned from a group, ex-communicated from a church, blocked on social media, or unjustly kicked-out of an organization, you know full well how painful it can be when you are not allowed to be yourself. Of course, in certain circles, it makes sense that your ability to express yourself is limited. For example, if you volunteer at a children’s hospital, it is completely reasonable that you refrain from expressing your opinions on abortion with the parents of sick children.

    But, as silly as that example might be, some of us find ourselves in a similar situation, no matter where we go. So what are we to do? Just not talk about important issues? Should we just keep our ideas to ourselves, indefinitely?

    No. The Free Thought Forum is here to give you that place where you can talk about literally anything without the fear of being silenced or kicked out. There are precious few opportunities where people can discuss complicated, serious, or important topics without fear of offending others or of severe judgement. We want to give you such an opportunity.

    We are not based on left-leaning politics or right-leaning politics. We are not anti-religious, anti-spirituality, or anti-atheist. As much as possible, we try not to be ideologically-tied to a “team” that limits our exploration of philosophy, history, science, health, or current events.

    Another major difference between our groups and religious or political groups, is that we have no “sacred cows.” We have no rules against “blasphemy” or “wrong think.” In other words, we are not offended if someone wants to share a perspective that is in conflict with the opinions of the majority of the group. Your perspective is valued. Plain and simple.

    You can, of course, be 100% wrong about something, but how would you know if you are never able to express the idea in the first place? This is part of why our group is both inclusive and supportive. Disagreement is encouraged, and if you are mistaken about something, it is your idea that is criticized, not you.

    As long as all participants in an open discussion follow our “Five Rules for Civil Discourse,” any question or comment is “fair game.” This approach is at the core of who we are and what we do. Do you disagree with what the group leader presents? Are you unconvinced that science really is the best tool for discovering the facts of reality? Do you disagree with us when it comes to first amendment rights or model citizenship? Speak your mind, and be ready to explain why you have that opinion.

    At the end of the day, as long as the shared goal is to follow what is actually real and what is actually right, no matter what, then any group of people can have a civil discussion on important ideas.

    5. WE ARE FREE TO ADMIT THAT WE ARE MISTAKEN ABOUT SOMETHING, AND ADJUST AS NEEDED.

    One major problem with religious and political groups is that they are often forced to conform to a certain narrative. Their “side” must always be right in the eyes of their own history. After all, if your group is being led by heaven, how can you justify getting something like fundamental physics wrong in your holy books? I hope I don’t have to explain that this can lead to all sorts of problems of bias, doctoring the facts, cover-ups, corrupting historical evidence, scandal, and so forth.

    The Free Thought Forum exists to help our members become better people while also improving our society. Our services are centered on public discussions. Our members and guests are not required to meet any kind of consensus or conclusion. It is the journey, not the destination, which matters most to us.

    Having been organized with those priorities, we are completely free to announce that we were wrong about some scientific fact, or feel that a certain moral principle we promoted in the past should be revised. We claim no special authority, so it follows that we accept our inevitable fallibility. This is part of the reason that we don’t feel compelled to demand that our proposed systems of healthy living or philosophy be followed with any kind of enforced fidelity.

    We are a philosophical discussion group, a volunteer group, a science advocacy group, and a friendly community. We may be many things, but the one thing we are not, is a church.

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    5 Habits for Health and Hygiene May 21, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 6

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    This episode is the second installment in series we call: “50 Habits for Maximizing Personal Health and Wellbeing.” In this series, we will get to the bottom of what experts actually recommend when it comes to those small-yet-impactful health choices we make, day to day. If you haven’t’ yet listened to our first podcast in this series, be sure to check it out! It includes an introduction to the 50-Healthy-Habits program as well as advice about sleeping habits, diet, and exercise! Today, we will continue discussing physical health with five more habits you’d do well to adopt.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org.

    Let’s continue right for where we left off! Again, if you would like an updated version of this list, or to dig even deeper into our referenced sources to the studies and articles on which this advice is based, visit: freethoughtforum.org/blog/50-habits.

    6. BRUSH YOUR TEETH TWICE A DAY AND FLOSS ONCE A DAY

    Oral hygiene is a significant contributor to one’s overall physical health. According to well-established studies, all adults should engage in tooth-brushing twice daily (soon after rising from bed or breakfast and soon after dinner) with fluoridated toothpaste. A toothbrush is the most effective tool in removing plaque from teeth, but that does not mean that flossing should be ignored. Daily brushing and flossing combat some major health conditions such as gingivitis, periodontal tissue attachment loss, and carious lesion development, even more than direct treatment of these conditions after the fact.

    7. BATHE ABOUT ONCE A DAY

    Your skin is your largest organ, and regular bathing is an essential part of skin care, infection prevention, waste removal, preventing the spread of pathogens, and overall societal standards of cleanliness and professionalism. However, it is possible to shower too often or too intensely. Excessive bathing can lead to rough, dry, and irritated skin. It can also compromise the naturally protective oils in the skin provide such as housing beneficial bacteria and providing a barrier against harmful chemicals. One’s natural scent can also be neutralized by excessive bathing, often noticeable by one’s intimate partner.

    Therefore, based upon your own activity levels, as well as your body’s chemistry, you should plan on showering about once per day (at least twice every three days and shortly after vigorous exercise). Remember to not use water that is too hot. Avoid showering for more than 30 minutes at a time. In order to prevent rough or dry skin, lotion and moisturizers can be used shortly after bathing.

    8. WASH HANDS AFTER RESTROOM USE, PRIOR TO PREPARING FOOD, EATING, AND AS NEEDED

    Hand washing is the single best way to stop the spread of pathogens and disease. Hand washing is even preferable to anti-bacterial alcohol-based disinfectant gels and similar products! It is a practice that is paramount to personal, interpersonal, and societal wellbeing. No other medical practice or hygienic act is as important and thus requires our constant adherence.

    Good handwashing practice includes hand soap, hot (but not scalding) water, and rubbing your hands together for several seconds. It is strongly recommended after any restroom use, before preparing food, before eating, after eating, and after touching objects that often come in contact with pathogens such as steering wheels, door knobs, used dishes, pets, and shoes. When asked about how often people wash their hands, they tend to exaggerate and assume that they are doing much better than they actually are. In reality, only about 40% of people wash their hands as recommended.

    9. USE MEDICATIONS ONLY AS PRESCRIBED

    Prescription drug abuse and over-the-counter drug abuse has risen dramatically in the United States in recent years, leading to a rise in addiction and a swarm of other health and societal issues. For example, deaths from opioid overdoses quadrupled between 1999 and 2010, exceeding deaths from cocaine and heroin combined. For teens especially, the abuse of over-the-counter drugs has reached epidemic levels.

    Parents are strongly encouraged to be aware of the drugs being purchased and used by their adolescent children. Even innocuous drugs such as cold and cough medicines may be abused.

    To prevent such addiction or abuse, it is reasonable to ask your doctor about non-drug treatments whenever possible. When drug treatment is prescribed, it is important to follow one’s medical prescription exactly as it is written. Likewise, when using an over-the-counter drug, the instructions for usage on a bottle’s label should be followed with strict fidelity. Be sure to ask questions about your medication until you fully understand how and how often it should be taken. Communicate any problems you are having with your medications with your doctor before adjusting your medication use in any way. If you suspect that the recommended dosage on the side of an over-the-counter drug will not meet your needs, communicate this with a pharmacist so that you can be sure to purchase the most effective drug for your condition.

    10. KEEP A HEALTH JOURNAL

    Medical professionals could use as much information about your health history as possible when making an appropriate diagnosis. Although there are efforts to record this information on a database that can be accessed by medical professionals from different organizations, the endeavor has been plagued by multiple logistical, political, and practical issues. While technical and elaborate answers may be more widely available in the future, simply keeping a written “personal health journal” can be a useful tool for this and other purposes.

    The Free Thought Initiative strongly recommends that each member keeps such a journal up to date and readily accessible at a moment’s notice. (To help keep your medical information private, it is recommended that you do not record this information digitally.) A personal health journal can be kept in a common notebook or sketchbook dedicated to this purpose. Even if the written information isn’t used for decades, the accumulated data can be indispensable in the future.

    What should be written in a health journal? You should update it with the date, time, and details of any change to your physical, cognitive, or emotional health such as:

    Whenever you dramatically change your diet, sleep patterns, or exercise routine

    Whenever your diet and sleep patterns change inexplicably

    Whenever you lose or gain a large amount of weight

    Whenever you experience any head trauma or bodily injury

    When you feel new pains or aches

    When you notice new bruising, burns, bites or other new marks on your skin

    When you feel dramatic changes in your mood or experience dramatic emotional events

    When you notice unusual things in the process or products of defecation or urination

    Whenever you drink more alcohol than usual

    Whenever you take prescribed or over-the-counter medication. (This can help to prevent accidental overdose.) It is also useful to describe in a small note the dosage taken, the effects that you feel from the medication, and how long it takes to feel the effects

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    What Happened Before the Big Bang? May 17, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 5

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    In this episode, we will go back in time, as far as physically possible, and perhaps, even further. What happened before the big bang, before the first moment of our universe as we know it? Strap in for a thought experiment built of cosmology, mind-bending physics, and imagination.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org.

    We are surrounded by stuff. Look around you. Consider for a moment that your books, car, the trees outside. Everything is mostly made of empty space. Everything around us, (at least everything that belongs to the same family of matter as we do) is made of atoms. There is mostly empty space between those atoms. Inside the atom is no different. If an atom was enlarged to the size of a football stadium, its electrons would be wiggling and buzzing around the top row of bleachers, while the nucleus would be about the size of a small marble on the 50-yard line.

    Now that is a lot of empty space! I like to imagine what the universe would be like without all that. What if you could take all the “empty space” out from between all objects and between all molecules in the universe? What if you continued on to remove the voids between the nuclei of atoms and their electrons? What would the ending result be if you took all the matter and energy left and collected it down into a single place?

    I think you already know the answer to that question. The answer lies in one of the most wild and counterintuitive theories in science: THE BIG BANG!

    13.8 billion years ago, EVERYTHING (All kinds of matter, all kinds of energy, all of the laws of nature) was once condensed into a single point smaller than an atom. This is known as the “Initial Singularity.” As far as we know, there was nothing outside it and nothing beside it.

    This is where we start.

    13.8 BILLION years ago, our universe began. But can we tick the seconds back even further to catch a glimpse of what started it all?

    Do you know the answer?

    There is fascinating research going into ideas like the multi-verse, multi-dimensional membranes, or of quantum fluctuations that could have spawned something out of what we call “nothing,” but these are hypotheses and theories outside of the big bang theory itself. People far smarter than me will have to tell you about all of those kinds of things.

    What happened at or before the big bang?

    The truth is that no one really knows. Our current theories, models, and even our current understanding of the laws of nature break down at this point. In fact, the term “Big Bang” is more of a placeholder for what happened before the INFLATION of the universe.

    Nevertheless, I will do my best to give an accurate answer based on the most well-established and widely accepted aspects of the big bang theory. Doing so will, with any luck, allow us to conceptualize this hypothetical time before time.

    For our purposes today, I am referring to the big bang as the initial instance when time equaled zero (T=0), or when, as far as we can tell, no time had yet passed.

    All of our best information of this snap-shot of history lives only in the minds of theoretical physicists. Yet what happened a split second AFTER this moment is actually pretty well understood. Physicists of many kinds can give us hard scientific answers based on empirical evidence and testing (some of which is done in the large hadron collider in Switzerland). They have a pretty good idea of what happened at 10-6 seconds after the big bang. In other words, if you want to know what happened 0.00001 seconds after the big bang – scientists can give you good answers!

    But for many science enthusiasts, what humanity knows is great, but it is nothing compared to what is just beyond that knowledge. When we reverse time back from when our universe was only 10-6 seconds old, theoretical physicists and cosmologists predict that so many weird things begin to happen.

    Things get insanely hot, particles lose their mass, the forces of nature such as gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak and strong nuclear forces all fuse together into some kind of super force. The universe shrinks to 10-78 TIMES its size leaving it only about the size of a soccer ball, to the size of an atom, to something even smaller still.

    And then, we stop.

    We are a microscopic singularity of intense heat, but it is dark. It is so dense that photons simply cannot escape from the insanely hot and dense contents of that singularity.

    When T=0, or at the exact moment when no time yet has passed, we hit a brick wall.

    As far as scientists can tell, time itself began to flow in tandem with the birth of our universe. In other words, there is no such thing as time before our universe. It is like flipping a book back to the cover, or rewinding a VHS tape until it stops. As far as we can tell, time didn’t even exist before the big bang!

    It isn’t like we can step outside of the universe to take a look at that small point that started it all. Our universe is everything, and you can’t step outside of everything. Thanks to Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, we now understand that time is a dimension in space. As “space-time,” the fabric of the cosmos existed at the big bang, but not necessarily before. Time emerged at that point, flowing in one direction: to the future.

    I would like to say that time for the universe started ticking at one second per second. But it doesn’t work that way. Massive objects that warp space, such as stars, black holes, and planets – also warp time. You may recall that time is relative, so even back at the beginning, we can’t say that it was flowing at some steady rate like how we experience it in day-to-day life.

    Based on what we know from the big bang theory, any attempt to discover a cause or catalyst for the birth of the universe is a nonsensical question, much like asking, “What is further North than the North Pole?” or “How long can a fish hold its breath?”

    What happened before the big bang? The answer, is that there was no “before the big bang.” Notwithstanding, it is sometimes fun to ask nonsensical questions. If, for no other reason, than to stretch our minds a little, and visit realms of thought far beyond what we otherwise would.

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    Meet us at these Festivals Spring 2019 May 14, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 4

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    Today, I have some news and announcements about the upload schedule for this podcast as well as some exciting events coming up for our Utah Valley group where you can meet us in person!

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org

    Our first announcement covers our updated upload schedule.

    Rather than uploading one episode per day, we will, starting tomorrow, bring you one episode of the Fresh Perspective Podcast every-other day, or 3-4 times a week, for the foreseeable future. We wanted to take some of our production time and dedicate more of it to research. Hopefully that will ensure that the information in our episodes can continue to meet a high standard.

    At this stage, our podcast, social media pages, and even our tabling at city festivals are all intended to let people know about our organization. Hopefully, soon, this will lead to our flagship group growing so large that it can split into other groups across the state of Utah. Wouldn’t it be awesome one day, to find a Free Thought forum in Salt Lake City, Denver, Phoenix, Seattle, and beyond? That is our long-term goal, and if you are listening to this podcast, you too are playing a role in that ambitious vision.

    Moving onto other news, I am excited to announce that our podcast is now on Apple News!

    For those who like getting awesome information on their iPhones, iPads, or other apple products, be sure to pay a visit to our news channel: the fresh perspective. A link to our apple news page can be found on our website. Simply visit freethoughtforum.org then click on the “blog” link at the top.

    For all of you who live in the Provo, Utah area, I have some exciting news from our Utah Valley group.

    The 1000 Lights Water Lantern Festival is coming to the shores of Utah Lake, and the Free Thought Forum will be there to invite the public to learn about our new group! Come pay our executive board a visit, enter to win thought-provoking-prizes, bring some cash for some of the other local vendors, and set your lantern adrift as part of a tradition from half a world away!

    The Water Festival will take place on Saturday, May 18th at 5:30 pm at the Lindon Marina in Vineyard Utah, near Orem. The official website for the event is www.1000lights.com/utahcounty, and here is a quote from there about what to expect:

    “At 1000 Lights Lantern Festival, we are about producing lasting memories and times for families, friends, and communities to connect. Bring your favorite lounging items, games, whatever you like! We will provide food trucks, live entertainment, games, and best of all, a magical array of sparkling lights.”

    Personally, I think setting hundreds of lanterns adrift can be an awesome spectacle and calls back to several traditions I know of in Hinduism and Buddhism. Except, this event seems to be completely secular, so that anyone can participate. And that is something I can really get behind.

    We have applied also to have a booth at Springville’s Art City Day’s festival in early June. If they approve our application, then we will definitely add more information about that event on the website.

    The Utah Valley Free Thought Forum has been invited to the Fire and Ice Festival at the Iceland Days event on June 21st and 22nd at the Spanish Fork City Park on Center Street and Main Street! Bring an appetite and some cash to support local vendors. We will still have plenty of prizes to give away, and will be happy to answer any questions you have about our vision, groups, plans for the future, and so forth.

    Here is information about the Fire and Ice Festival from their official Facebook event:

    “We are excited for Iceland Days 2019! It just gets bigger every year! Come learn about and celebrate Iceland and honor the Icelanders who settled in Spanish Fork, the oldest Icelandic settlement in North America. Whether you have Icelandic ancestry or are simply curious about the beautiful country of Iceland, this event is for you!”

    Those are all the announcements I have for you today. The best way to keep up to date on each group’s events is by checking their specific group page on our website. I hope we can see many of you at these festivals, and for those who are outside the Utah Valley area, I hope you will be seeing other Free Thought Forum group leaders with a booth at your festivals some day soon.


    5 Healthy Habits for Better Physical Health May 13, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 3

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    This episode is the first in series we call: “50 Habits For Maximizing Personal Health and Wellbeing.” In this series, we will get to the bottom of what experts actually recommend when it comes to those small-yet-impactful health choices we make, day to day. This advice will be for the average person, so those who want to become athletes or have serious health conditions will need to adjust their application of this list accordingly. Today, we will discuss the first five habits you can adopt for better physical health.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative.

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science, to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal religious belief, political leanings, etc.) to participate (in-person) in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a Free Thought Forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit freethoughtforum.org

    Why not start off with an introduction to the 50-Healthy-Habits program itself?

    Whether your goal is to become a better person, improve the world, or do something in between, a sound first step is to get your own personal health in order. Adopting healthy habits to improve your own personal wellbeing not only helps you avoid several forms of pain and suffering in the short term and in the long term, but it also frees you up to be a force for good in the lives of others.

    The real question is, where do we begin?

    We live in an age flooded with both good and bad advice. Sometimes, online health advice is sound, but it is not targeted toward the average person. Whether this advice comes from social media shares, self-appointed health gurus (peddling their own so-called “remedies,” to the gullible), or even articles with reputable sources, it is no wonder that the average person can feel a bit disoriented and overwhelmed. When considering the various health issues that plague our society, how can we afford this much confusion? How can someone sort the good advice from the bad?

    “Healthy Living” is one of the key values held and promoted by the Free Thought Initiative. It is a topic that deserves serious consideration, given that it addresses three of the six social issues each Free Thought Forum exists to combat: “Isolation & Depression,” “Misinformation & Anti-Intellectualism,” and “Overindulgence & Addiction.” To this end, the “50 Healthy Habits Program” was first launched in April of 2019. The objective of this program is to list simple and universally applicable personal habits that have been tested and supported by scientific evidence. These habits will be made available on our website (freethoughtforum.org) one section at a time and will be regularly updated as new and better information is brought to the attention of our executive board.

    As this program is developed, your feedback, suggestions, and links to relevant research articles all play an indispensable role. Thank you for your consideration of the following, and for your participation in this ambitious undertaking!

    If you would like an updated version of this list, or to dig even deeper into our referenced sources to the studies and articles on which this advice is based, visit: freethoughtforum.org/blog/50-habits

    And now, onto the first five habits!

    1. GET ABOUT 8 FULL HOURS OF SLEEP EACH NIGHT

    Eight hours of sleep each night is what is generally recommended for adults. However, everyone has slightly different needs depending on one’s age, body size, activity levels, diet, and so forth. Therefore, it is important to remember that your mind and body requires a certain amount of sleep, an amount that must be met regularly. Getting enough sleep has been shown to improve (among other things) one’s immune system, brain function, memory, mood, eating habits, and overall life expectancy. In fact, losing just a half hour of what is personally needed on a regular basis can have dramatic consequences. For those struggling to regularly get a full night’s sleep, here are a few suggestions that may help:

    Leave a fan on in your bedroom while you sleep. (This can promote air flow, cool the body, and produce calming white noise.)

    Ensure that all light sources are turned-off or covered.

    Refrain from looking at a phone, computer, or other bright screens before sleeping.

    Deeply stretch your muscles before climbing into bed.

    Set and strive to keep a regular sleeping schedule.

    Engage in meditative exercises in bed, such as counting your breaths.

    Allow your body about four hours to digest your last meal before sleeping.

    Make a to-do list of things to think about in the morning, allowing yourself to relax afterward.

    Ensure that your blankets, pillowcases, and sheets are laundered on at least a weekly basis.

    Consider bathing at the end of the day and allow time for your hair to dry before retiring for the night.

    Consider increasing your physical activity and/or reducing caloric intake in order to prevent surplus energy at the end of the day.

    2. DRINK ONE GLASS OF CLEAR WATER WITH EVERY MEAL

    To maintain healthy body function, the average adult needs to drink a minimum of about 6 cups of clear water directly, in addition to the water gained through food consumption. Recent studies suggest that a large portion of our population may be chronically dehydrated. To combat this, it is recommended that every adult should consume at least two cups (one glass) of plain drinking water three times a day. For those who drink coffee or alcohol, engage in vigorous physical activity, are exposed to sunlight, or are affected by other similar factors, increased water consumption is essential. In addition, replacing sweet drinks, sodas, juices, and other beverages with clear, clean, and unflavored drinking water has been proven to make a significant difference in overall caloric consumption. Therefore, filling one’s stomach in part with water (in place of other drinks) can be a powerful tool in fighting obesity.

    3. FILL ½ OF EACH MEAL WITH A VARIETY OF VEGETABLES

    Vegetables are some of the most nutrient-dense low-calorie foods we consume. In addition to the dietary fiber they provide (critical for our indispensable gut bacteria), vegetables have also been shown to reduce the risk for heart disease, stroke, and even several types of cancer! When replacing more energy-dense foods, vegetables can also positively influence healthy body weight. (In part, this is because we often feel “full” or satiated based upon the volume in our stomachs, rather than the energy levels of our food.)

    Despite all this, less than 14% of Americans include the recommended amount of vegetables in their diet! Federal Recommended vegetable consumption is about four cups per day, which can easily fill half of the volume of three average adult-sized meals. In fact, the National Institute of Health flat out recommends that “Half of your plate should contain green vegetables.”

    Given these governmental recommendations, the various nutrient benefits from vegetables, and their capacity to help us feel “full,” the Free Thought Initiative encourages all members to scale their meals according to their needs while also ensuring that 50% of their meals’ food consists of a variety of vegetables, especially raw vegetables, allium vegetables, carrots, green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and tomatoes.

    4. AVOID FOODS WITH ADDED SALT, SUGAR, AND/OR FAT

    Four of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States are associated with diets that are too high in sodium, calories, cholesterol, fat, and saturated fat. Eating these types of foods can lead to coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis and a number of other disorders and conditions. As a general rule, the less-processed a food is, the better. This is not to say that raw food is preferable to food with minimal cleaning and processing. Rather, it is important to remember that heavily processed foods tend to lose much of their nutrients and are often packaged with added salt, sugar, and/or fat. Therefore, it is recommended that one’s diet consists largely of minimally-processed foods, while the consumption of foods high in salt, sugar, and/or fat content is dramatically reduced or completely avoided.

    5. VIGOROUSLY EXERCISE FOR AT LEAST 30 MIN. DAILY

    Studies have shown that even a few minutes of exercise a day yield intense health benefits in men, women, children, and even in those with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Those who engage in vigorous leisure-time exercise (such as jogging, weight-lifting, or playing high-intensity sports) for at least 30 minutes, six days a week, (or at least 180 minutes of total exercise a week) have been shown to have an 18% reduced risk of all-cause mortality and had a 3 year longer life expectancy than those who do not engage in any such exercise. Despite the clear health advantages to regular intense physical activity, less than 10% of Americans meet the minimum recommended amount of exercise.

    The recommended 30 minutes a day does not include any warm-up, stretching, or cool-down time. Such additional activity is conventionally recommended, however scientific studies on the short-term benefits of warm-ups and cool-downs are inconclusive.

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I mistaken about some detail? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    What are you Worth? May 12, 2019
    Show notes

    The Fresh Perspective Podcast - Episode 2

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast.

    For today’s episode, I want to talk about an idea that I suspect will be an essential aspect to any universal secular moral philosophy. It has to do with how we regard any other person. Does a human being have inherent worth? If so, What Is the worth of a Human Being? We will explore those questions, in just a moment.

    This program is brought to you by the members of the Free Thought Initiative

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community by hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science to improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society.

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of personal Religious belief, political leanings, age, or sex) to participate in-person in these open and civil discussions.

    To find a free thought forum meeting near you, to start your own local group, or to become a member and support this program through monthly donations – please visit free thought forum .org

    What is the worth of a Human Being?

    When confronted by this question, I suppose the most common response is to flounder for a moment. After all, we haven’t been given much information. How can we judge the worth of someone without knowing their past choices, background, beliefs, attractiveness, wealth, popularity, intelligence, and so forth? In order to go about life, aren’t we are required - to some degree - to make small moment-to-moment judgements, based on as much information as we can?

    But the conversation today isn’t about seeing how any particular person ranks. Rather, I mean to explore worth in the broadest of terms. What is the worth of any Human Being, regardless of age, race, sex, or any other distinguishing feature? Put a different way, do each of us have an innate underlying value based solely on our humanity?

    If we look to our world’s religions for the answer to this question, we find both embellishing and disparaging answers. This should not be a surprise to us, given the diversity of belief. Is the person in question a member of the chosen people of the local deity? Then they are considered to be of great worth, perhaps obeying without hesitation the commandment to slaughter their neighbors who believe differently. It may be taught that another has infinite worth because they are merely a manifestation of the divine reality. Are they believed to have been reincarnated into a lowly caste? Then perhaps they are worth less because of their presumably poor choices in a previous life. If a neighbor was also made in the image of God, how much should that factor into our treatment of them?

    Ideally, we could all agree that a human being is of great worth. To perpetuate the opposite has obvious distasteful results. When a creature, a vehicle, or a book is considered to be of little worth or value, how kindly can the average person be expected to treat it? We judge tools and resources by their utility, and are happy to discard them when that utility dips below an acceptable level. Can it be considered anything but immoral to likewise judge people by their usefulness? Worse still is when some sum of money is believed to be of greater value than a human being. For most of human history, it was even commonplace to sell and trade people, as commodities, as property. How could this answer be acceptable when it offends our modern sensibilities so egregiously? Indeed if anything can be considered immoral, it is the devaluing of human life and human wellbeing.

    So is there anything beyond faith, social convention, or political theory that can justify an elevated esteem of a human being? Can we logically view others as more than potential allies, providers, buyers, mates, or simply as means to an end? I propose that there are five sound elements found in every person that can inform our honest proclamation of their inherent worth:

    1. THE RARENESS OF ONE’S UNIQUE CONSCIOUSNESS, PERSPECTIVE, AND IMAGINATION.

    Often, the value of something can be extrapolated from the apparent rareness of that thing. The chemical element rhenium, for example, is something like three times more valuable than gold, because of its scarcity. In an observable universe of some two-trillion galaxies, each with about 200 billion stars, how many planetary systems do we know of in which life can be found with self-awareness, consciousness, and the ability to contemplate this cosmic vastness? One. More incredible still, we each use our minds differently. We each experience consciousness in slightly different ways. No two people share the same imagination. Therefore, each thought process and perspective - each person - is inherently valuable.

    2. ONE’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE HUMAN FAMILY.

    Human beings are a social species with natural instincts that drive us to promote the overall wellbeing of our family group members. Our species did not survive on the grasslands of prehistory as lone wolves, but as clans. Natural selection has favored this group-oriented behavior. It seems most apparent when we consider child rearing. How else can we survive such a comparatively long infancy, necessary for our brain development outside of the womb? Even as adults, it is apparent that our mental and physical health is maximized only through sufficient social support. In other words, nature itself has established that we should be concerned with the wellbeing of our family members.

    This begs the question - who then, should be considered our family members? I’m reminded of the Lawyer’s question in the Christian parable of the good Samaritan: "Who is my neighbor?"

    Who belongs to our family? From what scientists have learned from the human genome, the answer is wide-sweeping. With a scientific perspective, we can apply these instincts to every single member of the human race. Whether through the evolutionary processes revealed through our biology, or a belief in divine creation, we can accurately state that every human being is a member of the same family. We are all related to every other person who has ever lived. That makes any other human being our literal relative, a member of our clan, a clan that encompasses the world itself.

    3. THE FACT THAT EACH PERSON IS A WORK IN PROGRESS, WITH UNTAPPED POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE SELF AND THE LIVES OF OTHERS.

    When we think of a person, we tend to think of them as a history of their previous appearances and their behaviors. But we are, quite literally, not who we were yesterday. Even in the field of neuroscience, it has been observed that the human brain is constantly re-arranging itself, changing what one understands and how one thinks. Thanks to each of our brains’ “plasticity” it is far more accurate to think of a person as a process, a work in progress, with tremendous potential.

    It is impossible to tell exactly how much of a positive impact a child will have on the future. The greatest scientists, leaders, explorers, philosophers, and inventors all started out as helpless infants. Each individual is budding with potential, potential that can be expanded through education, skill development, character building, and so forth. Even in the last moments of one’s life, the potential for impactful good remains. Of course, there exists the other side of that coin. Every person possesses the potential for untold horrors, something to be understood and respected just as seriously as their capacity for good.

    4. ONE’S CAPACITY FOR EMPATHY AND SYMPATHY.

    Today, an AI assistant can help us find a pre-programmed source of valuable information, but can it feel our pain? A tool may prove its utility in one task, but can we ask it to share in joyous celebration? A special characteristic in all human beings (admittedly, to various degrees) is their ability to sincerely visualize the thoughts, experiences, and feelings of someone else. In a way, we can step into the minds of another and imagine the world through their eyes. Doing so allows us to share the burdens of problem-solving, coping with extreme emotion, and even containing exuberant ecstasy. On even a selfish level, the innate capacity of another person to share our joys and pains is of great worth in its possible synergistic application.

    5. CURIOSITY, AND THE ADOPTION OF CAUSES GREATER THAN SURVIVAL.

    Is there a greater cause than one’s survival or the survival of one’s family or species? For most living things, 100% of their behaviors have evolved to perpetuate their existence. This is true for whales, eagles, angler fish, and bacteria. The average animal spends their days concerned with eating, avoiding being eaten, and reproducing. But we are different, aren’t we?

    A phenomenon found in even the earliest humans is the propensity to live for causes beyond such. This can be considered our “spark of divinity.” We imagine a higher form of living in which we serve ideas greater than ourselves. Consider the fact that all human beings believe that we are either the creations of gods, that we are gods, or that we have created gods. Think of the religious relics found in the archeological digs of ancient human civilizations. The search for truth, meaning, and higher purpose is one of the most human things about us. Where else can we find beings earnestly searching for truth for truth’s sake? Whether it manifest in the search for mathematical equations that help us predict the nature of dark matter or the philosophical debate on moral realism, human beings possess this valuable and magnificent characteristic.

    This is my argument. This is my answer to this fascinating question. What is the worth of a human being? Although it may not be quantifiable it should be apparent that the worth of any human being is inherent and great. In this respect, it doesn’t matter if you are a clergyman or criminal. Whether you are wealthy or homeless, these five elements, at least, set you apart as something truly special in our universe:

    The Rareness of your unique Consciousness, Perspective, and Imagination.

    Your membership in the Human Family.

    The fact that you are a Work in Progress, with untapped Potential to improve your life and the lives of others.

    Your capacity for Empathy and Sympathy.

    Your Curiosity, and the Adoption of Causes greater than Survival.

    That is all I have for you today, but the conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Am I in need of correction? How can I better elaborate on this topic in the future? Feel free to share your perspective!


    25 Common Misconceptions about Evolution May 12, 2019
    Show notes

    The Theory of evolution is a well-established, highly-tested, and reliable scientific fact. However, only about half of Americans believe that it is a viable scientific theory! In this presentation, we explore 25 common arguments and mistakes people make with regards to this, the bedrock of modern biology. Do anti-evolution activists have a point? Is this theory really as robust and well established as scientists claim? Dig deep into the evidence to find out!

    Below is a link to the presentation first used by the Utah Valley group on May 12th, 2019:

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/16JZTgX_ASUtRVIgLBvEBCE0qBm1-DJOIQBvngPYVvNI/edit?usp=sharing

    ___

    Written by Nicholas Burk, Executive Board Member © 2019 Free Thought Initiative


    Who We Are and What We Do May 11, 2019
    Show notes

    How’s it going everyone? I’m Nick and you are listening to the Fresh Perspective Podcast!

    In this, our first episode, I want to take a moment to explain who we are, what we do, and why you should subscribe to future episodes!

    This program is brought to you by the Free Thought Initiative

    We help those in need of an inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking community

    By hosting public discussions on moral philosophy, healthy living, and science

    To improve the cohesion, health, and scientific literacy of our society

    Everyone is welcome, (regardless of Religious belief, political leanings, age, or sex) to participate in weekly open and civil discussions!

    To find a free thought forum meeting near you, start your own local group, or become a supporting member through monthly contributions – please visit free thought forum .org

    This podcast has been created to spread the word about the free thought initiative, a not-for-profit program. I’m a member of the executive board of the free thought initiative and it will be my pleasure to bring you daily episodes, each filled with a thought-provoking message.

    These messages are meant to stimulate healthy conversations about important topics such as moral philosophy, religion, free-thinking, logic, reason, scientific literacy, current events, healthy habits, and practical life skills.

    This kind of conversation is central to our local in-person groups, each called a “free thought forum.” It is the kind of conversation that I think is desperately needed in our society. Being able to talk about important things allows you to deeply think about important things. Likewise, if we find that we can’t talk about something, this diminishes our ability to think deeply about it.

    With the advent of college safe-spaces and social media echo-chambers – our modern culture has evolved into one in which we can all get by without EVER being seriously challenged on anything we believe.

    And that is a problem.

    Challenge, criticism, critique, these are important tools everyone should use to test the mettle of their ideas, opinions, and beliefs.

    An intellectually honest and truth-seeking person welcomes this revelation. If they can be shown to be wrong about something, then they strive to course correct. Isn’t that the kind of person we should all strive to be?

    It seems to me that human nature pulls us in the opposite direction. When our ideas are challenged, we tend to react defensively, childishly, dig in our heals, and wave our ideological team’s flag ever more vigorously. It has become all too common that the conversation is silenced as we each try to erase the uncomfortable confrontation from our memory.

    I believe we can be better.

    Rather than fighting to defend our teams, our religions, political parties, or racial groups – we would do much better to be dedicated to what is true.

    This organization is not necessarily conservative or liberal. It isn’t necessarily religious or atheistic. Rather, our organization looks for the objective reality of each individual issue as much as possible.

    If you have stumbled onto this podcast hoping that all of your beliefs will be justified, then you may be disappointed. If you have stumbled onto this podcast in search for intellectual stimulation – then I hope you will be satisfied.

    Our organization has the ambitious vision to heal many of our society’s problems while also improving the character and lives of our individual members. We believe that this is best done by providing inclusive, supportive, and free-thinking local groups that promote a universal secular moral philosophy. At the core of this philosophy is devotion to what is real and what is right.

    In these videos, we will not shy away from discussing controversial issues. This isn’t because we are a podcast that enjoys provocation or controversy. Rather, it is because we believe that understanding the truth of each topic is important. What is true is what matters most.

    Therefore, I hope it goes without saying that if anything said in these videos is done so in error, we ask that you please let us know in each video’s comments or by using the contact page on our website. Doing so will allow us to reexamine our content and make improvements and corrections where necessary.

    A dedication to what is true should be one without presupposition. That is why literally everyone is welcome to analyze, discuss, criticize, test, and improve our philosophy. Believers from all faiths can engage in this undertaking side-by-side with atheists and agnostics. Left-wing and right-wing political activists can likewise both bring their passion to the discussion. We need all schools of thought and as many perspectives as possible.

    If you are listening to this, then I hope you have caught a glimpse of that vision. Please subscribe and share this video so that even more of us can enjoy a FRESH PERSPECTIVE…

    The conversation continues across social media and in the comment sections below. Do you agree with today’s message? Are we in need of correction? How could we better elaborate on this topic in the future? Thank you for sharing your perspective, and letting us know!


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