The Burn Bag Podcast

U.S. Strikes on Iran: Israel’s War, Iran’s Nuclear Sites, and the Fragile Ceasefire with fmr. NSC Senior Director Javed Ali Jun 25, 2025

On this episode of The Burn Bag, we unpack the U.S. airstrikes on Iran’s nuclear sites—marking a sharp escalation in the Israel-Iran conflict and raising fears of a wider regional war. National security expert Javed Ali joins us to trace the timeline from the October 7 Hamas attack on Israel to the Israeli strikes deep inside Iran and the decision that brought U.S. forces directly into the fight. We discuss the key turning points that drove the escalation, the role of Iran’s nuclear program in the conflict, and the potential for asymmetric retaliation from Iran’s extensive proxy network. Javed also offers insight into the precarious ceasefire announced by President Trump, what it might take to hold it, and the critical signals to watch in the weeks ahead.

Ret. General Stanley McChrystal on Character, Fear, Leadership, Polarization, and More Jun 09, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre speaks with retired four-star General Stanley McChrystal, former commander of Joint Special Operations Command and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. Widely recognized for revolutionizing modern counterinsurgency strategy and interagency counterterrorism operations, McChrystal reflects on a lifetime of leadership, failure, resilience, and personal growth through the lens of his new book, On Character: Choices That Define a Life.

The conversation begins with McChrystal’s reflections on the defining moment of his resignation from the military and how it reshaped his understanding of identity, accountability, and integrity. He speaks candidly about navigating fear and how it presents itself in warfare and political polarization. General McChrystal also discusses leadership and accountability, drawing on the examples of prior military leaders such as General Dwight D. Eisenhower.

Topics covered include:

The personal reckoning after his resignation and how it redefined his understanding of character
Leading through fear, uncertainty, and moral complexity
How belief systems and perception shape conflict, politics, and leadership
Bridging division in a polarized society and restoring trust through integrity

You can purchase On Character here.

India and Pakistan on the Brink: Dr. Paul Staniland on Operation Sindoor, the Kashmir Terror Attack, and the Ceasefire’s Stability May 16, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre speaks with his old boss Dr. Paul Staniland, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and a leading authority on political violence and South Asian security, for an in-depth conversation on the recent confrontation between India and Pakistan.

Dr. Staniland analyzes the strategic logic behind India’s Operation Sindoor, launched in response to a deadly terrorist attack in Kashmir that killed 26 civilians. The conversation explores the evolving nature of India and Pakistan's disputes over Kashmir, the role of militant networks, and the risks of escalation in a nuclear-armed region shaped by domestic politics and great power rivalry.

Topics covered include:

The political and strategic rationale behind India’s cross-border strikes
Pakistan’s relationship with armed groups and its role in crisis escalation
Lessons from past India-Pakistan confrontations — and what may be different now
The role of the U.S., China, and backchannel diplomacy in managing the ceasefire
How domestic politics contributed to the confrontation

Dr. Staniland offers a uniquely grounded perspective on how South Asia’s most volatile rivalry is evolving — and what to watch for as both countries recalibrate their strategies under rising regional and global pressure.

Trump's Tariffs: Is Donald Trump Igniting a Trade War or Creating Leverage? with Mark Linscott, Fmr. Assistant U.S. Trade Representative Apr 25, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre speaks with Mark Linscott, former Assistant U.S. Trade Representative and one of Washington’s most experienced trade negotiators, for an in-depth discussion on the logic and implications of President Trump’s "reciprocal" tariffs.

With decades of experience leading U.S. trade policy across multilateral institutions and bilateral platforms, Linscott offers expert analysis on how tariffs are being used as both an economic and geopolitical tool. The conversation covers the legal basis for executive tariff authority, the mechanics behind President Trump's “reciprocal tariffs,” and how Trump administration’s actions will impact the global trade landscape.

Topics covered include:

• The fundamentals of tariff policy and the legal tools used to implement them

• The scope and possible strategy behind Trump’s April 2 “Liberation Day” tariffs

• Escalating U.S.-China trade tensions and the role of 145% tariffs

• Reactions from key partners such as India, and the broader global economic impact

• How tariffs are being increasingly intertwined with national security concerns

Mark Linscott brings a uniquely informed perspective on how current tariff policies may redefine America’s role in global trade — and what to watch as the economic and political consequences unfold.

Free Speech for Free Palestine? Dr. Yousef Munayyer on Campus Protests, Deportations, and a Shrinking Space for Dissent Apr 15, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre speaks with Dr. Yousef Munayyer, Senior Fellow at the Arab Center Washington DC, about recent U.S. policy developments affecting pro-Palestinian activism, including efforts by the Trump administration to deport foreign students and activists involved in campus protests.

The conversation explores how the war in Gaza is shaping political expression in the United States, particularly in the context of university activism, and examines broader questions around immigration policy, civic space, and public discourse. Dr. Munayyer also provides his view on U.S. support for Israel and how this is influencing domestic debates.

Topics covered include:

The current state of the conflict in Gaza and U.S. policy under both Biden and Trump
The status of the two-state solution and implications of regional diplomacy
Campus protests and public discourse surrounding Israel-Palestine
Recent deportation efforts impacting international students
The intersection of foreign policy, free expression, and immigration enforcement
Possible long-term impacts on U.S. civic space and international engagement

Dr. Munayyer authored a chapter Suppressing Dissent: Shrinking Civic Space, Transnational Repression, and Palestine-Israel, which you can find here.

Amb. John Bolton on Trump, Tariffs, China, Russia, NATO, and... Greenland? Apr 08, 2025

This week, A’ndre is joined by former National Security Advisor Ambassador John Bolton for a wide-ranging conversation on the return of Donald Trump to the White House — and how the second term is stacking up against the first.

Drawing from his front-row experience during Trump’s first administration, Bolton reflects on the decision-making process he witnessed firsthand: the role of personality, the unpredictability, and the often transactional approach to global affairs. We dig into what’s changed, what hasn’t, and what it all means for U.S. national security.

Topics include:

How Trump’s foreign policy in term two compares to term one
Who Trump listens to and who he does not, and how that shapes U.S. policy
The recent NSC firings and what it may signal about who has influence
Trump’s approach to China, NATO, and the war in Ukraine
What to make of Trump’s renewed talk of acquiring Greenland — and why Amb. Bolton believes there are real security interests behind the idea
How Bolton views Trump’s latest tariff decisions through the lens of his leadership style

Amb. Bolton brings his signature candor and deep institutional knowledge to the table as we explore whether the second Trump term is more strategic — or a continuation of its most unpredictable tendencies.

Don't Plan a War in the Group Chat: National Security Lawyer Mark Zaid on Signalgate, Classified Information, and the Limits of Executive Power Apr 02, 2025

This week on the podcast, A’ndre is joined by renowned national security attorney Mark Zaid to unpack the rapidly unfolding scandal now known as Signalgate — a controversy sparked when a The Atlantic's Jeffrey Goldberg was accidentally added to a Signal group chat among senior Trump officials. The chat revealed detailed U.S. military strike plans against Houthi targets in Yemen just hours before the operation, raising alarm bells across Washington about operational security, the handling of sensitive information, and basic judgment at the highest levels of government.

In this conversation, A'ndre asks:

What laws were likely broken — and do they apply to former Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, National Security Advisor Mike Waltz, and others in the chat?
Is the Trump administration’s defense that the info was “unclassified” legally sound — or dangerously misleading?
Could a journalist face legal exposure for publishing the leaked Signal thread?
What would’ve happened to a junior officer who made the same mistake?
Are we in uncharted territory, legally and institutionally, as executive power is increasingly stretched?

Plus, A'ndre and Mark dig into the broader crackdown on law firms and legal professionals seen as critical of the Trump administration, and what it means for checks and balances in the years ahead.

Mark brings his decades of experience — representing whistleblowers, intelligence officers, and journalists — to help us break down the legal implications, national security risks, and systemic dangers of a White House seemingly operating outside the lines.

What is National Security (Really)? Historian Peter Roady on FDR and the Struggle to Define the Most Powerful Phrase in U.S. Politics Mar 18, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre Gonawela sits down with historian and University of Utah professor Peter Roady to explore how the definition of national security has evolved over the 20th and 21st centuries. They examine how U.S. presidents have shaped national security priorities, focusing on Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s vision in the 1930s—one that included economic security as a core pillar. Roady unpacks the conservative opposition to FDR’s expansive view of national security and how this ideological struggle shaped modern policy debates. The conversation also considers how the concept of national security has expanded beyond military threats to include issues like gun violence, public health, climate change, and political extremism. Peter and A'ndre analyze whether we are seeing a return to a broader, more holistic understanding of security — similar to FDR’s vision — or if national security remains narrowly defined by foreign policy and defense concerns.

Biosecurity: Bird Flu, Bioweapons, Artificial Intelligence, and Other Bio-Risks with Dr. Jaime Yassif from the Nuclear Threat Initiative Mar 11, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre Gonawela sits down with Dr. Jaime Yassif, Vice President of Global Biological Policy and Programs at NTI | bio, to explore the evolving landscape of biosecurity and pandemic preparedness. They discuss key lessons from COVID-19, the ongoing Bird Flu, the growing threats posed by zoonotic spillover, bioweapons, and AI-driven bio-risks, as well as the urgent need for stronger governance frameworks. Dr. Yassif shares insights from her recent engagements at the Paris AI Action Summit and the Munich Security Conference, highlighting global efforts to regulate biotechnology and AI’s intersection with biosecurity. The conversation also examines historical lessons from the Asilomar Conference on bioscience, the balance between innovation and safety, and NTI’s work on preventing biological risks before they materialize.

The Trump-Zelensky Fallout: Fmr. U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Steven Pifer Reacts to the White House Debacle Mar 04, 2025

NOTE: This episode was recorded several hours before the announcement that President Trump was pausing all U.S. military aid to Ukraine.

In this episode, A’ndre Gonawela sits down with Ambassador Steven Pifer, former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine and a leading expert on U.S.-Russia relations, to dissect the fallout from President Zelenskyy’s recent visit to Washington and its impact on U.S.-Ukraine relations. They explore the broader geopolitical ramifications of Zelenskyy’s contentious meeting with President Trump, including Europe’s reaction and the shifting balance of U.S. global leadership. Ambassador Pifer provides insights into the current state of the Russia-Ukraine war, the feasibility of a ceasefire, and Ukraine’s urgent push for security guarantees. The discussion also delves into the historical context of U.S. policy on Ukraine, the evolution of military aid, and mistakes made by past administrations. Ambassador Pifer provides his candid criticisms of President Trump's approach towards Ukraine and Russia, ponders why President Trump is conciliatory towards Russia, and provides his perspective on why the U.S. should continue to aid Ukraine as it fends off the Russian invasion.

The World According to A'ndre: Trump’s Friday Night Massacre, the Art of the Mineral Deal, and Podcasters Take Over the FBI Feb 28, 2025

This week, A’ndre examines former President Trump’s decision to fire General CQ Brown as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, exploring the implications for U.S. military leadership, civil-military relations, and his potential replacement, LTG Dan Caine. He then turns to the U.S.-Ukraine critical minerals agreement, analyzing its potential to reshape the war effort while deepening U.S. strategic investment in the region. Lastly, he discusses the latest developments within the FBI under new Director Kash Patel and Deputy Director Dan Bongino, viewed as political loyalists who may upend dynamics within the bureau. Also covered: North Korea’s expanded troop deployment to Ukraine, Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan’s call for the PKK to disband, and Thailand's deportation of Uyghurs.

What in the World? South Korea: Martial Law, Impeachments, and a President Behind Bars feat. Alex Eid and Choong Hong Feb 24, 2025

In this week’s edition of What in the World?, A’ndre discusses the recent political turmoil in South Korea with his colleagues Alex Eid and Choong Hong, both experts on Korean affairs. Alex and Choong break down President Yoon Suk Yeol’s short-lived declaration of martial law in December, his subsequent impeachment, arrest, and ongoing criminal case. They also provide historical context on South Korea’s tumultuous political landscape, tracing the country’s transition to democracy since the Korean War and examining the controversies that have plagued multiple presidents.

The World According to A'ndre: Putin trumps Zelensky, DOGE Cuts Go Nuclear, the Tariff Sheriff, and Who Wants to Poison Lula? Feb 21, 2025

The Burn Bag is launching a new weekly series: "The World According to A'ndre." Every Friday, A'ndre will break down some of the biggest foreign policy stories he's been tracking, offering his insights and making them accessible to you, our audience.

This week, A'ndre unpacks the latest developments in U.S.-Russia negotiations and the rising tensions between President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy—highlighting why they mark a significant shift from U.S. policy since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. He also examines the impact of DOGE cuts on key federal agencies essential to national security and foreign policy, including those overseeing the U.S. nuclear stockpile, cybersecurity, and institutions like the CDC, NIH, and USAID.

Additionally, A'ndre breaks down President Trump’s latest tariff announcements since taking office on January 20 and delves into the indictment of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro over an alleged coup plot—along with shocking claims of a plot to poison incumbent President Lula.

Dr. Anthony Fauci on Pandemics, Public Health, and a Lifetime in Public Service Feb 17, 2025

In this episode, Dr. Anthony Fauci joins A'ndre for an in-depth conversation about his decades-long career in public health and his experiences leading the U.S. response to some of the world’s most pressing infectious disease challenges. Dr. Fauci reflects on his early work during the HIV/AIDS crisis, the evolution of treatments that saved millions of lives, and his role in launching PEPFAR, one of the most significant global health initiatives in history. He discusses his leadership at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), navigating crises such as Ebola, Zika, H1N1, anthrax, and COVID-19, while working alongside multiple U.S. presidents to shape national and global health policies.

Beyond his career in government, Dr. Fauci shares his thoughts on the intersection of public health and national security, the growing challenges of vaccine skepticism and misinformation, and the vital role of institutions like the NIH and CDC in protecting public health. He also highlights the major health threats that remain overlooked in mainstream discourse. Now a professor at Georgetown University, Dr. Fauci reflects on his transition to academia and the importance of training the next generation of medical leaders in an era of evolving global health challenges.

You can purchase his recent memoir, On Call, here.

U.S.-India Under Trump: Previewing the Relationship as Modi Heads to Washington with Dr. Tanvi Madan, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution Feb 10, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre chats with his old boss Dr. Tanvi Madan, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, to examine the evolving landscape of India’s foreign policy and its relationship with the United States under a second Trump administration. Dr. Madan unpacks how India balances strategic autonomy with deepening alignments, particularly within the Indo-Pacific and the Quad. She reflects on the historical trajectory of U.S.-India ties, from India’s independence to the Modi era, highlighting key shifts in security and economic cooperation. The discussion delves into trade tensions, dissecting Trump’s renewed criticism of Indian tariffs and whether they will become a key friction point over the next four years.

On the security front, Dr. Madan assesses the rapid growth of U.S.-India defense and technological collaboration while also addressing whether India’s longstanding relationship with Russia has hindered deeper engagement with Washington. The conversation further examines India’s recalibration of its approach to China, as New Delhi and Beijing take steps toward “normalization” following the 2020 border clashes. With Prime Minister Modi set to meet President Trump on February 13, Dr. Madan offers insights into what to expect from the summit and whether the second Trump administration is likely to deepen or complicate the U.S.-India partnership.

Is Russia Fascist? Putinism, the Russian Far-Right, and the Global Illiberal Trend with Professor Marlene Laruelle Feb 04, 2025

In this episode, A’ndre welcomes Professor Marlene Laruelle, a leading expert on Russian politics and nationalism, for a deep dive into the evolution of far-right politics in Russia. The discussion begins with a foundational exploration of fascism—how it is defined, how it differs from broader far-right politics, and whether Russia’s current trajectory aligns with historical fascist movements. Professor Laruelle traces the development of Russian far-right ideology from the Soviet collapse to the present day, analyzing its intersections with Soviet-era communism and Tsarist-era nationalism. She examines how elements of Stalinism persist in Putinism and how Russian nationalism has evolved under Putin’s leadership.

The conversation also expands beyond Russia, addressing Moscow’s role in exporting far-right ideology to Eastern Europe and the broader rise of far-right politics across the continent. Professor Laruelle considers whether these trends reflect a broader rejection of the global liberal order or if they are driven by country-specific dynamics. A’ndre and Professor Laruelle then discuss whether growing illiberalism in Europe could signal a deeper shift towards authoritarianism. Finally, they explore whether the rise of far-right politics in the United States mirrors trends in Europe and Russia, or if these movements are shaped by unique national contexts.

NOTE: This episode was recorded on December 17, 2024.

What in the World? The Los Angeles Fires: Does California’s Wildfire Prevention and Resilience Require an Operation Warp Speed? feat. Tahra Jirari Jan 30, 2025

On this week's What in the World, A’ndre chatted with Tahra Jirari, Director of Economic Analysis at the Chamber of Progress, on the devastating 2025 wildfires in Los Angeles and the urgent need for systemic reform. A'ndre and Tahra talked about the unprecedented scale of destruction caused by the wildfires, and why Tahra believes they have been exacerbated by regulatory hurdles, housing policies, and insufficient wildfire prevention efforts. Tahra explained how frameworks like the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and other regulations have inadvertently slowed crucial wildfire prevention projects, contributing to the crisis.

Tahra outlined some of her policy recommendations, emphasizing the need for reforms to CEQA, fire-resistant construction mandates, and proactive wildfire prevention programs to address the growing risks. She also explored why urban neighborhoods tend to be more fire-resistant than suburban areas, the role of housing policy in pushing development into high-risk zones, and the implications of Proposition 103 for California’s insurance market. Tahra advocated for an Operation Warp Speed-style initiative to tackle the wildfire crisis in Los Angeles, integrating innovative solutions and regulatory reforms to build long-term resilience.
You can read Tahra's Medium op-ed, where she outlines her recommendations, here.

Climate Migration: Why it's a National Security Issue and What We Can Do to Solve It with Erin Sikorsky, Director of The Center for Climate and Security Jan 28, 2025

This episode is the second in a two-parter in collaboration with the Climate Migration Council, to highlight the Council's recent position statement on the linkages between security, climate change, and human migration.
In December, A’ndre hosted Erin Sikorsky, Director of the Center for Climate and Security and a former Deputy Director on the National Intelligence Council, for a discussion on the national security implications of climate migration. The conversation centered on a new statement from the Climate Migration Council, co-authored by Sikorsky and prominent figures such as Leon Panetta, Michael Chertoff, Michael Morell, and Sharon Burke. The statement outlines urgent recommendations to address the security risks of climate change-driven displacement, including expanding the definition of security, investing in resilience, adopting anticipatory migration policies, and integrating climate migration into risk assessments.
You can listen to A'ndre's conversation last week with Secretary Michael Chertoff on climate migration here.

Fmr. Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff on the Los Angeles Fires, Climate Disasters, and Climate Migration Jan 22, 2025

This episode is the first in a two-parter in collaboration with the Climate Migration Council, to highlight the Council's recent position statement on the linkages between security, climate change, and human migration.
This week, A’ndre welcomed former Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff to discuss the intersection of climate change, human migration, and national security. Reflecting on his experiences during the federal response to the 2007 California wildfires, Secretary Chertoff compared them to the ongoing Los Angeles wildfires, highlighting surprises from the current crisis and offering insights on preventing similar disasters in the future. He also explored how human migration is manifesting in the context of the fires and could do so in similar scenarios. The conversation delved into the DHS’s role in managing natural disasters, immigration, and countering threats like arson and terrorism exacerbated by climate change. Secretary Chertoff emphasized the need for bipartisan support to address climate risks, enhance community resilience, and adopt a holistic approach to these interconnected challenges.
You can listen to A'ndre's 2023 conversation with Secretary Chertoff on climate migration here.

BEST OF: Is TikTok a Threat? Data Sovereignty, Algorithmic Influence, and the China Factor with Lindsay Gorman, Senior Fellow at GMF Tech Jan 19, 2025

RE-RELEASE: This episode was originally released in April 2024. The TikTok ban took effect late Saturday night, but may be revoked by President-elect Trump.
This week, A'ndre is joined by Lindsay Gorman, the Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund’s GMF Tech, to delve into the controversies surrounding TikTok and its implications for national security. Lindsay sheds light on ByteDance, the company behind TikTok, and discusses the concerns surrounding its data storage practices. A'ndre and Lindsay explore the concept of data sovereignty and discuss whether China can access ByteDance's data at will, and why it's different from how the U.S. Government engages with U.S.-based social media companies. Lindsay outlines the types of user data TikTok gathers, and touches upon how China can exploit this collected data. The conversation extends to China's history of leveraging social media platforms for targeting dissenters and the workings of TikTok's algorithms in content recommendation -- particularly with regards to misinformation and polarization. Lindsay offers insights into the likelihood of a TikTok divestiture (and why it's not a ban), legal challenges it might face, and the possibility of a U.S.-based firm acquiring TikTok. The discussion concludes with an examination of China's reaction to the scrutiny, and what Lindsay sees as the biggest myths surrounding TikTok.
CORRECTION: A'ndre referenced a dispute between the FBI and Apple, incorrectly attributing it to the Boston Bombing investigation, when in actuality it was the 2015 San Bernardino Terror Attack

President Jimmy Carter: What was his Foreign Policy Legacy? Featuring Presidential Historian Dr. Lindsay Chervinsky Jan 13, 2025

On Friday, A’ndre chatted with Dr. Lindsay Chervinsky, a presidential historian and Executive Director of the George Washington Presidential Library, to explore President Jimmy Carter’s presidential and post-presidential foreign policy legacy following his passing at age 100. The discussion began by addressing public reactions to Carter’s death and why the dichotomy of a “failed presidency but outstanding post-presidency” is misleading. Dr. Chervinsky highlighted Carter’s foreign policy achievements, including the Camp David Accords, normalization of relations with China, handling of the Cold War, and the Panama Canal Treaty, as well as Carter's difficulties in dealing with the Iranian Hostage Crisis and inflation.

They examined Carter’s presidency in the context of the geopolitical landscape of the late 1970s and his approach to diplomacy, contrasting his administration with the subsequent Reagan era. The conversation also touched on Carter’s post-presidential influence on foreign policy through the Carter Center and drew parallels between his legacy redefinition and that of John Quincy Adams.

Fmr. Secretary of Defense Mark Esper: A Cold Peace and Hot Wars — Threat Forecasting 2025 Jan 06, 2025

On January 2nd, A'ndre sat down with former U.S. Secretary of Defense Mark Esper (2019-2020) to discuss key security challenges facing the United States in 2025 and the Department of Defense's preparedness in addressing them. They began their conversation with a focus on the Middle East, analyzing the aftermath of Assad's ouster and the HTS takeover in Syria, exploring the potential regional consequences of these developments. Secretary Esper also shared his insights on the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict and explained why he believes Iran is weaker than previously thought.

The discussion then shifted to U.S.-China relations, with Secretary Esper offering his assessment on why the U.S. must do more to deter China in both security and economic spheres. A'ndre and Secretary Esper also delved into the state of innovation within the Department of Defense, examining the effectiveness of innovation initiatives in the U.S. Armed Forces. Secretary Esper reflected on his experience establishing Army Futures Command during his time as Secretary of the Army and discussed the challenges facing the U.S. defense industrial base, including potential munitions shortages related to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

The conversation concluded with A'ndre asking Secretary Esper about Ukraine's struggles on the battlefield against Russia, why a negotiated settlement appears increasingly likely, and some of the overlooked threats facing the incoming Trump administration.
You can find Secretary Esper's auto-biography, A Sacred Oath, here.

Fmr. CIA Director Gen. David Petraeus on the Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine and Gaza Oct 30, 2024

A'ndre sat down with former CIA Director General (Ret.) David Petraeus to discuss the evolution of warfare since 1945, covering conflicts from World War II to Vietnam and the current wars in Ukraine and the Middle East. General Petraeus examines how warfare considerations shifted after World War II and explores the "wars of decolonization" that followed. Drawing on his experience commanding U.S.-led coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, he reflects on what went right and wrong in those operations, disputing comparisons to the Vietnam War, which he describes as unsustainable. He also shares insights on why the War in Ukraine is unique, highlighting both its World War II-era tactics and the use of emerging technologies like unmanned vehicles. The conversation extends to the ongoing War in Gaza and the broader Middle East, where Petraeus offers his perspective on the nature of Israel's warfighting. A'ndre and General Petraeus conclude with a discussion on how he would advise the next President on national security, emphasizing the importance of the Indo-Pacific region.
You can purchase the newest edition of General Petraeus' book Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Gaza here.

Sinwar is Dead: Israel Kills Hamas Leader and What it Means for the War in Gaza, with former Counterterrorism Official Javed Ali Oct 17, 2024

On Thursday, Israel announced that it had killed Hamas' de facto leader Yahya Sinwar near Rafah, a significant development for the ongoing War in Gaza. A'ndre chatted with his old friend and mentor Javed Ali, former Senior Director for Counterterrorism on the U.S. National Security Council, about his reactions to the development and what it could mean for the broader crisis in the Middle East. Javed compares the killing of Sinwar to the elimination of Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah, contrasting what effect those leadership deaths could have on both organizations. A'ndre and Javed also discuss whether the outlook for the military campaign will change in the days ahead, and if there could be a spike in potential lone wolf terror attacks.

Best Of: George Will on What a Conservative Foreign Policy Means (Original Release: 10/4/2021) Oct 16, 2024

In this re-release of our popular episode from October 2021 (excuse the old theme music!), A'ndre and Ryan speak with George Will, Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist and author, on what it means to practice a 'conservative' foreign policy. Dr. Will, who has published a twice-weekly column in The Washington Post since 1974, provides his definition of what it means to be conservative, discussing the intellectual conservative movement that prospered in the post-war era. He then goes into his views on what a conservative foreign policy actually means, why Reagan and Eisenhower were exemplars of it, and why Donald Trump was not, in his view, conservative. Distinguishing between conservatism and neoconservatism, Dr. Will discusses why he believes liberal internationalism is 'armed humanitarianism', and the mistakes made in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the broader Middle East. Touching on recent events in the news, Dr. Will talks the U.S.-China rivalry, and his thoughts on the Intelligence Community and the equation of whether security trumps freedoms. We close out the conservation with a short conversation on Dr. Will's new book, American Happiness and Discontents: The Unruly Torrent, 2008-2020, and why Dr. Will abhors denim. Yes, denim.

The Episcopal Church's Presiding Bishop Michael Curry on Religion and Politics, Gaza, LGBTQ+ Rights, and Christian Nationalism Oct 09, 2024

This week, A'ndre welcomes a unique guest: The Most Rev. Michael Curry, Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church. Some of our audience may recall Bishop Curry's captivating sermon during the 2018 Royal Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. He has been an outspoken advocate on various social and political issues, discussing the Episcopal Church's role in policy advocacy amid rising toxicity in discussions about religion and politics.

Bishop Curry addresses the church's unique stance on LGBTQ+ rights and reflects on the divisions within the global Anglican communion, particularly regarding Uganda's severe penalties for LGBTQ+ individuals. He also shares his perspective on the ongoing conflict in Gaza and how he approaches conversations about it, given the region's significance to the three major Abrahamic religions.

A'ndre and the Bishop conclude the episode with a discussion on Christian Nationalism, where Bishop Curry offers strong critiques of the concept.

Hezbollah: Understanding the Lebanese Militant Group after Nasrallah's Death with Dr. Matthew Levitt Oct 02, 2024

Following Israel's targeted killing of Hezbollah Chief Hassan Nasrallah, the pager explosions, and the ongoing escalation in Southern Lebanon, A'ndre sat down with Dr. Matthew Levitt from the Washington Institute to discuss anything and everything relating to Hezbollah. Dr. Levitt, who wrote Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God, provides a brief history of the militant group's origins during the 1982 Lebanon War and its linkages to the Iranian regime. A'ndre and Dr. Levitt discuss what power Hezbollah wields in Lebanon as both a militant organization and a political entity, its relationship with the Lebanese government, and public perceptions of the group. The two also talk about the Hassan Nasrallah's death and the state of Hezbollah following the elimination of much of its command structure. Dr. Levitt provides his perspectives on Hezbollah's relationship with Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups, and breaks down the motivations behind Hezbollah’s military actions since October 7.

Why Israel Failed: Did a Security Lifestyle Lead to October 7th? Has Hamas Won the War in Gaza? with Professor Uri Bar-Joseph Sep 25, 2024

The Burn Bag will be covering the Israel-Gaza War over the course of several episodes, sourcing multiple perspectives on the conflict. The Burn Bag does not officially endorse any views expressed by our guests, but rather brings those perspectives to you, the audience, and will continue to provide a diverse array of voices on the program.
In this episode, A’ndre introduces Uri Bar-Joseph, professor emeritus at Haifa University and author of the new book Beyond the Iron Wall. Together, they delve into the security failures that led to the October 7th attacks, considering why Israel’s security apparatus was caught off guard and what lessons can be drawn from historical events like the Yom Kippur War. Uri argues that Israel does not have an overarching strategy in its War in Gaza nor with its actions in Lebanon. Uri discusses the complexities of Israel's "security lifestyle," his reactions to the recent pager attacks targeting Hezbollah, the Israeli government's perceptions of Hamas, and the broader political landscape. Uri also talks about why he believes the Israeli government is averse to political resolutions and the challenges posed by settlements in the West Bank, in addition to his criticisms of Benjamin Netanyahu's handling of the war and the broader Israeli-Palestinian relationship. This insightful conversation aims to unpack the reasons behind recent events and ponder the future of Israeli-Palestinian relations.

NOTE: This episode was recorded on September 19, several days before the escalation in Southern Lebanon.

What in the World? The Quad: The Indo-Pacific Partnership Between the United States, India, Japan, and Australia featuring Aman Thakker Sep 19, 2024

On Saturday, President Joe Biden will host the leaders of India, Japan, and Australia in Wilmington, Delaware, for his final Quad summit. What is the Quad? To explore this four-way partnership and preview the summit, A'ndre is joined by Aman Thakker, an Adjunct Fellow with the Chair in U.S.-India Policy Studies at CSIS.

They discuss the Quad's history, including its inception in 2004 after the Indian Ocean tsunami, its revitalization in 2017, and why it shouldn't be seen as an "Asian NATO." Aman contrasts the views of the Trump and Biden administrations on the Quad and provides insights into India's engagement in the partnership, highlighting its policy of "multi-alignment."

A'ndre and Aman conclude by previewing this Saturday's summit and discussing potential outcomes and announcements from the four leaders that they expect.
CORRECTION: A’ndre refers to the Quad as a security dialogue in his introduction. While some have referred to the group in this lens, none of the four member-states refer to the Quad as that, and it’s more accurate to refer to the partnership as a diplomatic grouping.

Foreign Agents: The U.S. Lawmakers, Experts, and Insiders Lobbying for Foreign Governments with Casey Michel, Author of "Foreign Agents" Sep 11, 2024

A powerful U.S. Senator. A leading aide to the New York Governor. A leading Korea expert. All prominent figures in the last several months who have been accused of being foreign agents, working on behalf of foreign governments to influence U.S. policy.

To make sense of this all, A'ndre chatted with Casey Michel, author of Foreign Agents and the Director of the Combating Kleptocracy Program at the Human Rights Foundation, to understand the history of foreign lobbying in the United States and to talk through some of the more high profile cases. Casey profiles Ivy Lee, the father of the modern PR industry, and how he helped fascist dictators like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini in the 1930s sell their ideologies to the broader public. The discussion also covered Paul Manafort, a convicted felon and former GOP strategist known for his work on the Donald Trump and Bob Dole presidential campaigns. A'ndre and Casey reviewed recent notable cases, including:

Senator Bob Menendez's recent conviction that he accepted gold bars to promote policy favored by the Egyptian government;
Former NSC official and think tank expert Sue Mi Terry's alleged advocacy of South Korean interests on behalf of her Korean government handlers;
New York Governor Kathy Hochul's aide Linda Sun's alleged engagement in political activities in China's interest within the governor's office;
and former Senator Bob Dole's advocacy on behalf of a Russian oligarch.

You can purchase Casey's new book, Foreign Agents, here.

We Are Bellingcat: Uncovering War Crimes, Investigating Autocrats, and Citizen Journalism's Future with Eliot Higgins, Founder of Bellingcat Sep 04, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with Eliot Higgins, an award-winning journalist who founded the citizen journalism outlet Bellingcat, a fact-checking platform utilizing open-source intelligence focusing on international affairs. Eliot talks about his initial work studying the Syrian Civil War and the conflict in Libya, and how he was able to identify key war crimes from analyzing open-source and publicly available data. He describes the thought process that led him to found Bellingcat and gives us a behind-the-scenes look at the platform's initial investigation into the shoot-down of Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 by Russian-backed militias. A'ndre and Eliot discuss how Bellingcat and citizen journalism at large have operated in the context of the ongoing wars in Gaza and Ukraine, in addition to talking about the challenges of disinformation in its work. Eliot gives his take on AI-generated images and videos and if he's worried about the proliferation of such content, and whether governments have pursued him as a result of his investigative work.

Punishing Putin: Assessing the Unprecedented Economic War on Russia with Bloomberg Reporter Stephanie Baker Aug 26, 2024

Vladimir Putin launched his invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Within hours, the U.S. and allies coordinated a shadow-war – using the tools of economic statecraft – to bring the heat down on Moscow. That shadow-war is the subject of this week's conversation featuring Stephanie Baker, veteran Bloomberg journalist and Russia expert, as she talks about this economic war, how it was coordinated, how it was executed, and how it has continually impacted the Russian economy and politics. Stephanie and A'ndre talk through what economic warfare actually is and how those tools were leveraged in the years preceding the War in Ukraine, and to what effect. Stephanie also provides a broad overview of what the state of the Russian economy is in 2024, and responds to criticisms that some have over sanctions. We close out the conversation with an outlook on what a potential Harris or second Trump administration may do.
You can pre-order Stephanie's new book, Punishing Putin, here: https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1668050587?tag=simonsayscom

Afghan Technologist Sara Wahedi: How her App Saved Lives and Reflections on Women's Rights since the Taliban Takeover Aug 19, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with Sara Wahedi, an award-winning Afghan technologist and humanitarian who created Ehtesab, a crisis notification app that has provided Kabul residents in Afghanistan with real-time emergency alerts. A'ndre and Sara chatted on the three year anniversary of the Taliban's takeover of the country, with Sara sharing her reflections on the plight of women since 2021. Sara shares the story of how she developed Ehtesab after surviving a suicide bombing in Kabul, and discusses some of the difficulties in navigating a range of socio-economic and political circumstances during the app's creation and operation. Reflecting on her Afghan identity, Sara discusses the resilience she's seen among the women of Afghanistan, and how so many were hopeful before 2021. A'ndre and Sara talk about the international community's engagement with Afghanistan and some of Sara's reactions to ongoing negotiations with the Taliban.
You can follow Sara and her incredible work on Twitter: @SaraWahedi

What In The World? Venezuela's 2024 Election Crisis and Maduro's Gambit to Stay in Power, featuring Gabriela Saade Aug 05, 2024

The Burn Bag returns after a brief hiatus, and we're bringing back "What in the World?" A series where A'ndre talks about ongoing current events with other youthful foreign policy professionals, experts, and geeks.
This week, A'ndre chats with his old UChicago classmate Gabriela Saade about the ongoing political crisis unfolding after Venezuela's recent elections. While incumbent President Nicolas Maduro has claimed victory, the opposition and multiple international organizations have argued that the election was rigged; protests have broken out, with multiple arrests taking place. Gabriela, who grew up in Venezuela, used to do research for National Assembly opposition politicians in the mid-2010s,and co-founded a non-profit In the country that aimed to provide humanitarian assistance to disaffected areas. During the conversation, Gabriela provides a rundown of the Venezuelan political landscape over the last decade under Maduro, outlining the key controversies surrounding the election, explaining the opposition's claims and purported evidence. A'ndre and Gabriela also discuss the crackdown on political expression in Venezuela and the ongoing economic crisis, with Gabriela sharing some of her on-the-ground experience from years past.

The Righteous Arrows: The Soviet-Afghan War and the Arming of the Mujahideen with Brian Morra, Retired Air Force Intelligence Oficer Jun 16, 2024

This week, A'ndre welcomed back to The Burn Bag Brian Morra, a retired Air Force Intelligence Officer and the author of The Righteous Arrows, a fictionalized account of U.S. proxy efforts during the Soviet-Afghan War. A'ndre and Brian discuss heightened tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the mid-1980s, outlining the motivations behind why the U.S. Government decided to arm the mujahideen 'resistance' against the Soviet military. Brian outlines why the U.S. Government's failure to ponder the 'day after' a Soviet defeat is an example of the law of unintended consequences -- given the rise of extremist Islamic militant groups in Afghanistan such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban. The two also chat about the lessons that the Soviet-Afghan War provide for the current day, especially with the ongoing War in Ukraine and crises in the Middle East.
You can listen to our first interview with Brian, on the 1983 Nuclear War Scare here: https://bit.ly/3JhunxK.
You can purchase Brian's new book The Righteous Arrows, which has already won several literature awards, here: https://www.amazon.com/Righteous-Arrows-Brian-J-Morra-ebook/dp/B0CW28XN1X

Counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan: New USIP Report on the Threat Matrix with Co-Chairs LTG (Ret.) Michael Nagata and Laurel Miller Jun 04, 2024

This week, A’ndre and Andrea speak with former SOF-CENTCOM commander LTG Michael Nagata and former senior State Department official Laurel Miller on a recent USIP report on counterterrorism in Afghanistan and Pakistan. LTG Nagata and Laurel discuss how the counterterrorism landscape has changed since 2021, outlining the different terror groups in the region, from al Qaeda and ISIS-K to anti-Pakistan and anti-India groups such as the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) group. The two guests share their thoughts on the Afghanistan withdrawal, and the faulty intertwining of counterterrorism and counter-insurgency, and also share thoughts on the growth of these terror groups amidst ongoing tensions in the broader Middle East and South Asia regions. LTG Nagata and Laurel also discuss U.S. cooperation with Pakistan and India on counterterrorism, and whether or not the U.S. should work with or pressure the Taliban in Afghanistan. A'ndre and Andrea close out the conversation with LTG Nagata and Laurel through a conversation on how counterterrorism can be tied to strategic competition priorities.
For more information, and to read the report, click on the link below:
https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/05/senior-study-group-counterterrorism-afghanistan-and-pakistan-final-report (https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/05/senior-study-group-counterterrorism-afghanistan-and-pakistan-final-report)

Creating intelligence: Open Source in Action with Arctic Competition Research featuring Eric and Greg Levesque, Co-Founders at Strider Technologies May 29, 2024

This week, Andrew interviews Eric and Greg Levesque, co-founders of Strider Technologies. Strider is a tech company that utilizes open-source data and AI methodologies to provide strategic intelligence to governments, corporations, and research institutions around the world to proactively identify and mitigate nation-state-directed IP theft, talent recruitment, and supply chain threats. Eric and Greg walk us through how open-source information capabilities have expanded dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic and the "industry battlespace" in the Great Power Competition landscape. The second half of the conversation is devoted to Strider's new report, Shifting Ice, which outlines how Russia has begun to utilize Chinese commercial capabilities in the Arctic. Andrew, Eric, and Greg, wrap up with an overview of what the Arctic security space may look like by 2030.

The NATO Youth Summit: Interviews with Key Leaders and Partners in Miami, FL May 21, 2024

Last week, co-hosts Andrea Ochoa and Christina Oh attended the 2024 NATO Youth Summit, which was a collaborative event hosted by NATO, The Aspen Institute, Aspen Institute Romania, the Swedish Defence University and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. The event focused on global security issues and enhancing youth understanding of the transatlantic alliance, including how the alliance can address current and future security challenges.
As part of the event, Burn Bag sat down with some of the following panelists and speakers:
• Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell, U.S. Department of State
• Vice Admiral Guy Robinson, Chief of Staff, NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT)
• Colonel Florian Lemoine, Scientific Advisor, NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT)
• Lauren Walsh, Professor and Director of the Gallatin Photojournalism Initiative, NYU
Topics included INDOPACOM U.S./NATO priorities, NATO multi-strategic operations, NATO emerging technologies and defense innovation, and more.
The 2024 NATO Youth Summit also featured the work and idea exchange of some of the Summit’s Youth Challenge Winners, who proposed a variety of ideas to help shape a more secure tomorrow. These challenge winners will be featured in our next episode as part of our 2-part series covering this event.

Genocide: Frameworks, Examples in Modern Warfare, and Reconciliation with Dr. Gregory Stanton, Founder of Genocide Watch May 02, 2024

This week, A'ndre and Andrew interview Dr. Gregory Stanton, founder of Genocide Watch on the process of genocide, genocide in modern warfare, and efforts towards reconciliation. Dr. Stanton has been a key figure in the genocide prevention movement for several decades, and walks the audience through his '10 Stages of Genocide' framework. Dr. Stanton outlines why he believes total war / 'carpet bombing' is an act of genocide, citing the firebombing of Dresden and Tokyo, in addition to the atomic bombings, as examples of this. Dr. Stanton provides his thoughts on why he believes a 'double genocide' has been attempted by both the Israeli Government and Hamas, and also provides his thoughts on accusations of genocide during the Sri Lankan Civil War. The hosts and Dr. Stanton talk about the practicalities of transitional justice and reconciliation, discussing examples in Rwanda. Dr. Stanton also provides his perspectives on discussing genocide during the reconciliation process, since it is the 'ultimate accusation'.

Former DNI Jim Clapper on the War in Gaza, Israel-Iran, and the Crisis in the Middle East Apr 29, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with former Director of National Intelligence Jim Clapper on the recent strikes exchanged between Israel and Iran, Israel's conduct in Gaza, and the broader regional dynamics at play. Director Clapper, who served as DNI between 2010-2017, discusses his initial reactions to the October 7th Attacks, recalling his own visit to the Gaza border in 2014 and talking about why the Israeli Government may have viewed Hamas as a 'benign' threat. Director Clapper outlines his perceptions on Prime Minister Netanyahu's maneuvering, and his concerns on why Israel's conduct in the war will only breed more terrorists that will join Hamas, rather than eliminate the organization. Director Clapper provides his view on President Biden's handling of the war, and why he believes there should be conditions attached to U.S. weapon aid to Israel. A'ndre and Director Clapper then move into a broader conversation on the ongoing tensions and potential for conflict between Israel and Iran, with Director Clapper asserting that the two countries had crossed a 'Rubicon' with the exchange of direct strikes over the last several weeks. The two discuss whether the Israel-Iran conflict will intensify, Iran's hardline leadership, relations between Iran and proxy groups, and the Director's forecast on the regional crisis in general.

The CIA's Master of Disguise: Jonna Mendez Talks the Art of Deception and Illusion During the Cold War Apr 22, 2024

In this episode, A'ndre and Andrea welcome Jonna Mendez, a distinguished former Chief of Disguise in the CIA's Office of Technical Service, for an intriguing discussion on espionage, disguise, and Jonna's groundbreaking career. Known for her role that is sometimes akin to "Q" from the James Bond series, Jonna sheds light on her 27-year tenure at the CIA, where she specialized in clandestine photography and innovative disguise tactics in some of the most hostile theaters of the Cold War. The conversation explores the art of disguise, examining what makes a good disguise, the contingency plans for disguise failures, and how these tactics differed from those of adversaries. Jonna also shares her perspective on how technological advancements impact modern clandestine operations. Jonna also discusses the challenges of proving herself in a male-dominated field and the significance of mentorship in her success.
You can check out Jonna's book, In True Face, here.

Is TikTok a Threat? Data Sovereignty, Algorithmic Influence, and the China Factor with Lindsay Gorman, Senior Fellow at GMF Tech Apr 15, 2024

This week, A'ndre is joined by Lindsay Gorman, the Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund’s GMF Tech, to delve into the controversies surrounding TikTok and its implications for national security. Lindsay sheds light on ByteDance, the company behind TikTok, and discusses the concerns surrounding its data storage practices. A'ndre and Lindsay explore the concept of data sovereignty and discuss whether China can access ByteDance's data at will, and why it's different from how the U.S. Government engages with U.S.-based social media companies. Lindsay outlines the types of user data TikTok gathers, and touches upon how China can exploit this collected data. The conversation extends to China's history of leveraging social media platforms for targeting dissenters and the workings of TikTok's algorithms in content recommendation -- particularly with regards to misinformation and polarization. Lindsay offers insights into the likelihood of a TikTok divestiture (and why it's not a ban), legal challenges it might face, and the possibility of a U.S.-based firm acquiring TikTok. The discussion concludes with an examination of China's reaction to the scrutiny, and what Lindsay sees as the biggest myths surrounding TikTok.
CORRECTION: A'ndre referenced a dispute between the FBI and Apple, incorrectly attributing it to the Boston Bombing investigation, when in actuality it was the 2015 San Bernardino Terror Attack

Crisis in Haiti: A Primer on the Country's Violent Flashpoint with Sophie Rutenbar, Visiting Fellow at Brookings Mar 31, 2024

This week, Christina interviews Sophie Rutenbar (she/her), a visiting fellow in the Brookings Strobe Talbott Center and a Visiting Scholar at New York University's Center on International Cooperation, on the current crisis in Haiti and the emergence of gangs as leading political voices. With experience as the Planning Officer for the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH), based in Port-au-Prince, Sophie has extensive experience on the ground in the first African Republic. Acknowledging the renewed wave of gang violence and the recent resignation of its prime minister Ariel Henry, Christina and Sophie discuss the many factors that have lead to this flashpoint in Haiti, and the unique political landscape of the country.

ISIS Attacks Russia: Dissecting the Terror Attack at a Moscow Concert Hall with fmr. Counterterrorism Official Javed Ali Mar 23, 2024

This week, A'ndre is joined by Javed Ali, a former counterterrorism official who served as Senior Director of Counterterrorism on the National Security Council, to discuss Friday's horrific ISIS terror attacks at the Crocus City Hall in Moscow, Russia. Javed and A'ndre discuss what ISIS-K is, and how the Afghan-based group is different from the 'core' ISIS that has operated in Iraq and Syria. Javed outlines how ISIS-K has grown in recent years and their abilities to plot attacks outside of their locality, citing the recent ISIS-K suicide bombings in Iran and foiled plots in Europe. A'ndre and Javed also chat about how U.S. Intelligence warned both Russia and Iran in the days preceding the respective ISIS-K attacks and how the Afghanistan withdrawal has affected intelligence gathering. Javed provides his take on the profiles of those who have conducted ISIS-K's attacks, and whether the tactics taken in Moscow bear parallels to the 2015 Paris Attacks or 2008's 26/11 attacks in Mumbai.

Former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta on Israel-Gaza, Russia-Ukraine, China, and the 2024 Presidential Election Mar 14, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with former Secretary of Defense (and CIA Director, and Chief of Staff, and Congressman!) Leon Panetta on a litany of key national security and foreign policy topics relating to the Israel-Gaza War, Russia-Ukraine, the U.S.-China relationship, and the 2024 Presidential Election. A'ndre and Secretary Panetta spent a good chunk of the interview discussing the ongoing War in Gaza, his views on a ceasefire, Benjamin Netanyahu, criticism of the Biden Administration, and why the U.S. needs to take a more proactive role on a two-state solution. Secretary Panetta also provides his take on the potential conditioning of U.S. military aid to Israel, particularly if the IDF enters Rafah and civilian casualties continue to mount. Secretary Panetta reacts to the death of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny and answers if he is more pessimistic about the War in Ukraine today than he was a year ago. The former CIA Director also provides strong criticisms of congressional inaction on continued funding for Ukraine, and why polarization will damage U.S. credibility. A'ndre and Secretary Panetta close out with a brief conversation on China, and the Secretary 's thoughts on the intersections of foreign policy and the 2024 Presidential Election.

The Israel-Gaza War: Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy on a Path to Peace Mar 11, 2024

The Burn Bag will be covering the Israel-Gaza War over the course of several episodes, sourcing multiple perspectives on the conflict. The Burn Bag does not officially endorse any views expressed by our guests, but rather bring those perspectives to you, the audience.
Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy returns to The Burn Bag to discuss his views and reactions to the ongoing War in Gaza, a potential ceasefire, a two-state solution, and Egypt's role in the conflict. A'ndre and Mr. Fahmy discuss Egypt's relationship with Israel and what Egypt's policy on Gaza has been since 2006, including the rationale behind Egypt's support for Israel's blockade on Gaza. Mr. Fahmy reacts to the news that the Biden Administration aims to build a port in Gaza for humanitarian aid, in addition to outlining why Egypt will not open its border near Rafah to Gazans. The two delve into Egypt's role in negotiating a ceasefire, the political goals of Hamas, and what political entity should represent the Palestinians given their fractured political landscape. Mr. Fahmy responds to suggestions that Arab Governments should 'govern' Gaza after the war, and also shares his view on media echo chambers.

Pakistan's Elections: Imran Khan, the Military, and a Game of Thrones with Uzair Younus, Principal at The Asia Group Mar 04, 2024

NOTE: Shebhaz Sharif, brother of Nawaz Sharif, was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3/4. This episode was recorded several days before, on 2/29.
This week, A'ndre chatted with Uzair Younus, Principal at The Asia Group and host of Pakistonomy, about Pakistan's recent elections involving jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan, recently-unexiled former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, and the military actors who may ultimately call the political shots. Uzair provides a general history of Pakistan's politics, giving context around each of the major players and dissecting the claim that 'the military' is in charge of Pakistan, and why 'the military's' preferred Prime Minister has changed over the years. A'ndre and Uzair also chat about who exactly 'the military' is, and why it should not be considered a single entity but rather as several key actors in the security and defense apparatus. Uzair provides key political profiles on Imran Khan and Nawaz Sharif, and outlines why it appears neither of them will be named Prime Minister after a chaotic election cycle. The two discuss why Pakistan's elections are so significant, and conclude with a conversation on what the implications for U.S.-Pakistan relations are.

The Current and Future State of Geospatial Intelligence with Dave Sterling, CEO of Royce Geo Feb 25, 2024

This week, Andrew is joined by Dave Sterling, CEO of Royce Geo. Royce Geo, based in Arlington, Virginia, supports mission partners in the Department of Defense and Intelligence Community with geospatial analytics and training platforms. Andrew and Dave discuss the usefulness of geospatial information in decision-making, the growth of the commercial industry supporting GEOINT capabilities, and what the future looks like in the geospatial analysis field.

Bonnie Glaser on Taiwan: Why is it a Flashpoint in U.S.-China Relations? Feb 20, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with Bonnie Glaser, one of the country's premier Taiwan experts and the Managing Director of the German Marshall Fund's Indo-Pacific program, on all things related to Taiwan. Bonnie provides a quick overview of Taiwan's contemporary history, outlining how the U.S. and China have engaged with Taiwan's Government, the U.S. policy of strategic ambiguity, and why China aims to claim Taiwan as its own. Bonnie discusses why she believes that China will NOT invade Taiwan in the near-future, and also what the recent Taiwanese Presidential Elections mean for Cross-Strait relations. A'ndre and Bonnie also chat about the significance of Taiwan's economy to global supply chains (particularly in the technology domain), and why any conflict over island would likely upend the global economy.
You can check out Bonnie's book (co-authored with Brookings' Ryan Hass and Dr. Richard Bush), U.S.-Taiwan Relations: Will China's Challenge Lead to a Crisis?here.

"God, Guns, and Sedition:" Looking at Far-Right Terrorism in America with Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Ware Feb 13, 2024

This week, Andrea and Andrew sit down with Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Ware to discuss their new book God, Guns, and Sedition. Hoffman and Ware are both fellows at the Council on Foreign Relations specializing in counterterrorism and share their insights regarding the evolution of domestic terrorism in the United States, motivations behind acts of terrorism, organizational tactics, and how to combat disinformation. Check out God, Guns, and Sedition: Far-Right Terrorism in America here.

Biology and Security? Biological Threats, BIOINT, and the Future with Matthew McKnight, General Biosecurity Manager at Ginkgo Bioworks Feb 05, 2024

This week, Andrea speaks with Matthew McKnight, General Biosecurity Manager at Ginkgo Bioworks. Matthew and Andrea discuss the multitude of opportunities available for developments in biotechnology and mitigating national security threats through biological innovation. A new form of intelligence collection, BIOINT, is threaded into the conversation and posits a new way of identifying biological threats. Learn about all of this, including government and private sector biological security threat mitigation, in this episode.
Check out additional links to supplement our conversation here:

Ian Bremmer on 2024's Top Risks: America vs. Itself, Middle East Tinderbox, Ukraine Partitioned, and Ungoverned AI Jan 28, 2024

Ian Bremmer, President of the Eurasia Group, returns to The Burn Bag for a chat with A'ndre on his Top Risks 2024 report -- Eurasia Group's annual forecast of the top geopolitical risks most likely to play out over the coming year. A'ndre and Ian started the conversation with the #1 Risk, the "United States vs. Itself," as Ian outlines why the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election will test American democracy to a point unseen since the Civil War. The Middle East Tinderbox, in the wake of the Israel-Gaza War, defines Risk #2 as Ian explains why the risk of a regional war breaking out is so high given the many actors involved in the conflict. The two then discuss why Ukraine is likely to be de facto partitioned, and why Ukraine can 'lose' the war but Russia can't 'win'. Ian talks at length about the risks around 'ungoverned AI', discussing why governments are unable to keep up with rapid developments in artificial intelligence. A'ndre and Ian discuss other risks during the episode, such as the Axis of Rogues (Russian, Iranian, and North Korean alignment) and some Red Herrings, including why the U.S.-China relationship isn't a top risk this year.

AUKUS and Defense Investment: How this Trilateral Partnership aims to Advance Critical Technologies with AUKUS DIN Co-Chairs Heather Richman, Adrian Jones, and Jamie Watson Jan 22, 2024

Over the holidays, A'ndre chatted with AUKUS Defense Investor Network Co-Chairs Heather Richman (U.S.), Adrian Jones (U.K.), and Jamie Watson (Australia) about how AUKUS, the trilateral security partnership between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, aims to fill key gaps in critical technologies. We talk about what AUKUS is, how it works, and why it is unique as a defense technology sharing agreement. The three co-chairs summarize the differences between Pillar I and Pillar II (why AUKUS isn't just about submarines, but way more!), highlighting some of the key tech focus areas in Pillar II. They also share insights into how their respective countries view AUKUS and defense innovation, and discuss why they co-founded the AUKUS Defense Investors Network.

The Houthis in Yemen: Who Are They and Why Are They (Really) Attacking Ships in the Red Sea? With Dr. Michael Knights, The Washington Institute Jan 17, 2024

In light of the recent U.S./U.K. air strikes on the Houthis in Yemen, A'ndre chatted with Dr. Michael Knights (The Washington Institute) about the Yemeni militant group that has been launching attacks at ships in the Red Sea since the advent of the Israel-Gaza War. Dr. Knights, a long-time expert on Middle East militia groups, breaks down who the Houthis are, discusses their supremacist ideology, their history, and what their popular support has generally looked like. A'ndre and Dr. Knights steep the conversation in the context of the Yemeni Revolution and Civil War, working to explain how the Houthis' rise to power was exacerbated by those significant developments. Dr. Knights also discusses how the Houthis aim to enmesh themselves in Iran's 'Axis of Resistance', and why he believes that the attacks on commercial shipping and U.S. military vessels in the Red Sea aren't necessarily to express solidarity with Gaza, but rather to showcase alignment with Iran, who has provided mentorship and weaponry to the militant group. A'ndre and Dr. Knights wrap the conversation with some points on the on/off designation of the Houthis as a terrorist organization, and whether U.S. conflict with the Houthis will increase in the days ahead.
NOTE: This episode was recorded on January 15th. The Biden Administration re-designated the Houthis as a terrorist organization on January 17th.

Hybrid Warfare: Russia's Military Strategy and the War in Ukraine with Curtis Fox Jan 15, 2024

This week, Curtis Fox speaks to Christina about his new book, Hybrid Warfare: The Russian Approach to Strategic Competition and Conventional Military Conflict. As an expert on Russia and military strategy, Curtis is able to give us insight into the workings of the Russian military, how its longstanding corruption helps Putin maintain power, and the successes of the Kremlin's propaganda campaigns around the world. Fox also provides a somewhat pessimistic outlook on the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, reflecting on the the rest of the Western world's reliance on American dollars to fund their defense capabilities. Check out Hybrid Warfare here: https://www.hybridwarfare.info/

The 'LikeWar': Gaza, Ukraine, and the Social Media Battlefield with Peter Singer, Useful Fiction and New America Jan 08, 2024

This week, A'ndre chatted with Peter Singer, Senior Fellow at New America and Founder of Useful Fiction, about the social media coverage and the 'digital battlefield' that has surrounded the Israel-Gaza War and Ukraine, and what it means for future conflict. Peter provides his take on why the Israel-Gaza War has captured the attention of so many on social media, in addition to outlining what type of social media coverage occurred during the advent of the Russo-Ukraine War. Peter defines what the 'LikeWar' is, talking about how social media's 'digital battlefield' has evolved over the years, particularly focusing on why anger has the tendency to go viral, dominating newsfeeds. A'ndre and Peter talk about the power of narrative, and how governments, non-governmental groups, militants, and more have aimed to weaponize information, imagery, and other content (sometimes laden with misinformation, sometimes not).
Peter's recent Foreign Affairs article on the social media in the Israel-Gaza War can be found here.

The Great Lakes: What's That Got To Do With National Security? with John Schmidt, Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors & Premiers Jan 02, 2024

Over the holiday season, A'ndre caught up with his old friend John Schmidt to discuss John's work on governance issues around the Great Lakes, some of the largest bodies of freshwater in the world shared between the United States and Canada. John, who's a Program Manager with Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors & Premiers, provides his take on the national security implications that Great Lakes policy has, and how he coordinates among the many state governors and provincial premiers on water security issues. For example, A'ndre and John discuss a Department of Homeland Security report on the necessity of the Soo Locks, a piece of maritime infrastructure enabling vessel movement between the Great Lakes, and why DHS saw a potential domino-effect security threat if the Locks weren't bolstered and transportation subsequently shut down. A'ndre and John also chat about key issues in innovation on green and autonomous shipping, and the potential for threats from invasive species.

Will Venezuela Invade Guyana? The Essequibo Dispute, Oil, and Madura's Saber Rattling with Mariano de Alba, The Crisis Group Dec 13, 2023

We're releasing this episode a few days early, given the fast moving nature of the dispute between Venezuela and Guyana.
This week, A'ndre chatted with The Crisis Group's Mariano de Alba on the recent tensions between Venezuela and Guyana over the resource-rich Essequibo region. Mariano, a Venezuela expert, discusses whether the concerns over a potential Venezuelan invasion of Guyana are real, and provides a history of the long-running dispute between the two countries over Essequibo -- a region that makes up more than 2/3's of Guyana's territory. The recent discovery of oil in 2015 reignited tensions over the territory, and Mariano provides his take on whether the conflict is truly about oil, or whether it's more about Maduro's election-related fears for 2024. Mariano also discusses the legitimacy of Venezuela's recent referendum to annex Essequibo, and what international involvement could look like in the event of an actual invasion.

Faith in Action: Exploring The Intersections of Religious Advocacy and Foreign Policy with Rebecca Linder Blachly Dec 11, 2023

In this episode, Andrew is joined by Rebecca Linder Blachly, director of the Office of Government Relations for the Episcopal Church, to talk about the role of faith advocacy in shaping American foreign policy decisions. An anonymous colleague of Kissinger remarked in late November that instead of dehumanization, "Imagine a chessboard in which each piece was actually a king or queen, or the pawns were children, and every time you sacrificed a pawn, a child was killed. You might play chess differently." Rebecca is one of those in the Beltway who aims to humanize the international relations chessboard and shape the conversation around morality in the field. The mission of the Office of Government Relations (OGR) is to “represent the policy priorities of The Episcopal Church to the U.S. government in Washington, D.C. and help shape the discussion of political issues throughout the Church. It aims to influence policy and legislation on critical issues, highlighting the voices and experiences of Episcopalians and Anglicans globally.” Andrew and Rebecca discuss her prior role as a senior policy advisor for Africa in the U.S. Department of State's Office of Religion and Global Affairs, what day-to-day faith advocacy looks like in Washington, what some of the current policy objectives are for the Episcopal Church, and how interfaith networks support grassroots understandings of national security issues.

The Israel-Gaza War: October 7th, the Israeli Government, and the War's Conduct with Carmiel Arbit, The Atlantic Council Nov 28, 2023

The Burn Bag will be covering the Israel-Gaza War over the course of several episodes, sourcing multiple perspectives on the conflict. The Burn Bag does not officially endorse any views expressed by our guests, but rather bring those perspectives to you, the audience.
This week, A'ndre chatted with Carmiel Arbit, a nonresident Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council, on a range of topics relating to the October 7th Attacks, the Israeli Government, and the conduct of the War in Gaza. Carmiel, who has spent a career focusing on Israeli politics, security, and relations, provides a brief definition of the term Zionism and talks about what she views as some of the biggest myths around Israel right now. We briefly cover why efforts towards a Two-State Solution have failed, and the reasons as to why Hamas launched the attacks on October 7th. Carmiel talks about the significant controversies around why the Israeli Government was caught off guard by the attacks, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's unpopularity, and how both the Israeli public and the broader Jewish community have viewed the attacks and the war. Carmiel also provides perspectives on the Israeli Government's conduct of the war, the significant civilian casualties in Gaza, and the practicalities of a long-term ceasefire. We close out the conversation by briefly discussing the future of U.S.-Israeli relations, and how the war may erode Israel's standing.

The Israel-Gaza War: Palestinian Politics and the Realities of Statehood with Zaha Hassan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Nov 19, 2023

The Burn Bag will be covering the Israel-Gaza War over the course of several episodes, sourcing multiple perspectives on the conflict. The Burn Bag does not officially endorse any views expressed by our guests, but rather bring those perspectives to you, the audience.
This week, A'ndre spoke with Zaha Hassan, a Fellow with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, on Palestinian politics, human rights challenges, and goals around statehood. Zaha, who advised Palestinian negotiating teams during the early 2010s, outlines her views on why prior peace negotiations had failed, and what the key blockers to the Two-State Solution are. Zaha provides insights into how the Palestinian Authority functions and defining what Palestinians mean when they refer to Israeli 'Occupation'. Zaha also discusses Hamas' control of Gaza, how they factor into discussions on statehood, possible motivations for the October 7th Attacks, and what the 'day after' may look like in Gaza. We get Zaha's take on what a potential ceasefire would mean for broader opportunities for peace, U.S. engagement in the conflict, and key humanitarian challenges in the present and aftermath of the War.

Genocide in Artsakh: History of the Nagorno-Karabakh Region with Elisa von Joeden-Forgey, PhD Nov 12, 2023

[ORIGINALLY RECORDED ON 10/5] This week, Christina interviews Dr. Elisa von Joeden-Forgey, a leading expert on Gender and Genocidal Violence, on the renewed violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh region and what looks like an end to the decades-long struggle. Christina and Dr. von Joeden-Forgey discuss the language of genocide, the media's role in the conflict, and what the political landscape of the world looks like moving forward.

The Lumumba Plot: The CIA-Backed Assassination of the DRC's First Democratically Elected Leader, with Stuart Reid, Executive Editor of Foreign Affairs Nov 06, 2023

This week, A'ndre and Andrea spoke with Stuart Reid, Executive Editor of Foreign Affairs, on his new book The Lumumba Plot, which investigates the CIA's role in the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the first democratically-elected leader of the DRC in 1961. We profile Lumumba with Stuart, and describe the then-Republic of Congo's colonial history, discussing what the process of decolonization between Belgium and the Republic of Congo (chaotically) looked like. Stuart chats about Belgian involvement in post-colonial Congo, and why the CIA's paranoia of Soviet influence led to the sanctioning of a plot to assassinate Lumumba. We reflect on how the Lumumba assassination has reverberated throughout the DRC's history, and lessons to be learned for U.S. foreign policy.

Cyber Warfare, Resiliency, and Private-Public Collaboration: Roderick Jones and Vice Admiral LeFever (Concentric Advisors) talk Cyberdefense, National Strategy, and Risk Management Oct 23, 2023

This week, Burn Bag co-host Andrea Ochoa sits down with Roderick Jones and Vice Admiral (Ret.) Michael LeFever from Concentric Advisors, a risk management firm providing security services and intelligence solutions to clients worldwide. For Cybersecurity Awareness Month, Roderick and Vice Admiral LeFever bring years of experience to the table and discuss cyber across all fronts -- from its usage as an offensive weapon by adversaries and adversarial groups, to building cyber resiliency from both government and industry perspectives. The discussion reviews the evolution of cyber attacks and its applications in modern conflicts, as well as government response and reactive measures towards this type of warfare. Roderick and Vice Admiral LeFever touch upon public policy and our National Cybersecurity Strategy, which work to address threats and defense approaches in the cybersecurity realm. We wrap our discussion with an overview of Concentric Advisors and both guests' work in the security management space for clients worldwide.

Roderick and Vice Admiral LeFever have co-authored a book entitled 'End Game First: A Leadership Strategy for Navigating Crisis and Business,' which you can purchase here.

Great Power Cybersecurity: Cross-Domain Strategy, Deterrence, and Complexity with Professors Erik Gartzke and Jon Lindsay Oct 16, 2023

On this week's episode, Andrew sits down with Profs. Erik Gartzke and Jon Lindsay about the complexity, importance, and limitations of cybersecurity and cross-domain deterrence at the Great Power level. Profs. Gartzke and Lindsay are leaders in the academic The two trade stories about their experience making sense of the phenomena and their applicability in European deterrence, counterterrorism, and homeland security. Gartzke and Lindsay offer a deep dive into why "cyber" is so misunderstood by both decision-makers and the American public, and help shed some light on how we ought to view the evolving field in the decade to come.

Erik Gartzke is a Professor of Political Science from the University of California, San Diego and specializes in the impact of information on war. Jon Lindsay is an Associate Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and teaches cybersecurity and international relations. Together they have written numerous articles and recently co-edited the book “Cross-Domain Deterrence: Strategy in an Era of Complexity” which serves as one of the leading sources of modern cross-domain scholarship.

Best of – "The Hundred-Year Struggle": Israel, Palestine, and Improbable Peace with Professor Victor Lieberman Oct 12, 2023

In light of the recent Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel and subsequent Israeli military action in Gaza, The Burn Bag is re-releasing several episodes A'ndre and Ryan recorded during the 2021 Israeli-Palestinian crisis, aiming to assess the history of the broader Israeli-Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflicts, highlighting a multitude of perspectives. We hope that you listen to all of these re-releases, in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of this conflict.
In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan dissect the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with University of Michigan Professor Victor Lieberman. This episode provides a broad overview of the conflict itself, going back more than a 100 years and framing the conflict as not one between Muslims and Jews, but one between two rival nationalisms -- Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism. Professor Lieberman provides a timeline that goes back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and then into the British administered Mandatory Palestine, the demographic shifts that occurred in the region due to European anti-Semitism, and the political and armed conflicts leading up to creation of the State of Israel. Professor Lieberman digs into the wars between Israel and its Arab state neighbors, the nature of Palestinian political leadership, and the relationship between the goals of the Arab states and the goal of a Palestinian state. Land, borders, and failures in diplomacy form a large bulk of the discussion, and Professor Lieberman rounds out the conversation with why he is cautiously pessimistic about any potential resolution to the conflict. The conversation aims to effectively and objectively cover the hundred year conflict in one hour, providing a primer that will help our audience formulate opinions on their own, given the issue's sensitive nature.
Professor Victor Lieberman teaches a popular course on the Arab-Israeli conflict at the University of Michigan, where he serves as the Raoul Wallenberg Distinguished University Professor of History and Professor of Asian and Comparative History. His effective and objective teaching style was rewarded with the Golden Apple Award in 2014 -- given to a professor for outstanding teaching, by the students.
NOTE: In A’ndre’s introduction, he mentioned that Professor Rashid Khalidi was a negotiator for the PLO. The correct statement is that he was an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington Arab-Israeli peace negotiations from October 1991 until June 1993.

Best of – The Jewish People and the State of Israel with Yossi Klein Halevi Oct 12, 2023

In light of the recent Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel and subsequent Israeli military action in Gaza, The Burn Bag is re-releasing several episodes A'ndre and Ryan recorded during the 2021 Israeli-Palestinian crisis, aiming to assess the history of the broader Israeli-Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflicts, highlighting a multitude of perspectives. We hope that you listen to all of these re-releases, in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of this conflict.
In the last episode of our miniseries on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we speak to Yossi Klein Halevi, famed Israeli author and journalist, on 'myths' and 'realities' around the Jewish people, the State of Israel, and Zionism. Yossi talks about the idea of Israel and 'historic' Israel before the founding of the modern day state, and what Israel means to Jewish people -- drawing on the intersection of history, religion, and culture. Discussing the expulsion of Jews around the world before, during, and after the creation of the State of Israel, Yossi discusses how Israel is perceived as more than just a country, providing his take on what Zionism means, in his perspective. Yossi dispels critiques that Israel is a 'white' state and talks about the diversity present within Israel's population, and then dives into relations between the Israelis and Palestinians. Yossi, the author of Letters to my Palestinian Neighbor, acknowledges and refutes criticisms of Israel, delineating between 'legitimate' criticisms of recent actions around Sheikh Jarrah and more 'existential' criticisms around overarching anti-Zionism -- providing his rationale on why he believes those existential criticisms are anti-Semitic.
NOTE: In A’ndre’s introduction, he mentioned that Professor Rashid Khalidi was a negotiator for the PLO. The correct statement is that he was an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington Arab-Israeli peace negotiations from October 1991 until June 1993.

Best of – The History of the Palestinian People with Professor Rashid Khalidi Oct 11, 2023

In light of the recent Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel and subsequent Israeli military action in Gaza, The Burn Bag is re-releasing several episodes A'ndre and Ryan recorded during the 2021 Israeli-Palestinian crisis, aiming to assess the history of the broader Israeli-Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflicts, highlighting a multitude of perspectives. We hope that you listen to all of these re-releases, in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of this conflict.
[Originally released 6/19/21] In the latest episode of our miniseries focusing in on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we speak to Dr. Rashid Khalidi, a Palestinian American historian who currently is the Edward Said Professor of Modern Arab Studies at Columbia University, on the history of the Palestinian people and Palestinian nationalism. Dr. Khalidi, the author of The Hundred Years' War on Palestine (2020) and Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (1997), discusses the origins of Palestinian Nationalism and provides a primer on the development of the Palestinian identity, dispelling the myths and talking the realities of Palestinian Nationalism in both the Mandate and Pre-Mandate period (the 'Mandate' referring to British governance of the Palestinian region in the years preceding 1948). Dr. Khalidi discusses why early attempts at creating a Palestinian state failed, and what agency the Palestinians actually had in their own fate amidst the involvement of regional and foreign powers. Dr. Khalidi goes on to talk about the Palestinians as a political entity, with the rise of the PLO, and gives his take on why the Oslo Peace Process failed -- drawing on his own personal experience as an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington peace negotiations between 1991 and 1993.

NOTE: In A’ndre’s introduction, he mentioned that Professor Rashid Khalidi was a negotiator for the PLO. The correct statement is that he was an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington Arab-Israeli peace negotiations from October 1991 until June 1993.

Best of – The Scars of War: Post-Conflict Trauma and Global Health in Gaza and Other Conflict Zones with Dr. Jess Ghannam Oct 11, 2023

In light of the recent Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel and subsequent Israeli military action in Gaza, The Burn Bag is re-releasing several episodes A'ndre and Ryan recorded during the 2021 Israeli-Palestinian crisis, aiming to assess the history of the broader Israeli-Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflicts, highlighting a multitude of perspectives. We hope that you listen to all of these re-releases, in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of this conflict.
[Originally released 5/29/21] In this special release, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Dr. Jess Ghannam, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Global Health Sciences at the UCSF School of Medicine, about post-conflict trauma and the importance of incorporating this trauma into larger conversations about national security. Dr. Ghannam, who is Palestinian-American and hails from Detroit, speaks on how "the juxtaposition of pain and curiosity" motivated him to learn about and work on the impact of trauma, in order to address health inequalities at home and abroad. Dr. Ghannam recounts his on-the-ground experience in working in creating medical clinics in Gaza and the public health crises he observed there as a starting point to contextualize the broader conversation from a global standpoint. We have a conversation on the different types of trauma that children and adolescents experience, how mental health gives way to physical and other symptoms, and why Western ways of thinking about PTSD may not be adequate in describing the heavy trauma that civilians in conflict zones face. We discuss how a focus on chronic illnesses (non-communicable) and mental illnesses, such as depression, do present a security risk for the United States and the global community, and the interventions that the public health sector is engaging in to address these huge health issues.

NOTE: In A’ndre’s introduction, he mentioned that Professor Rashid Khalidi was a negotiator for the PLO. The correct statement is that he was an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington Arab-Israeli peace negotiations from October 1991 until June 1993.

Best of: Brokering Peace – Egypt's Role in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict with former Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmi Oct 11, 2023

In light of the recent Hamas terrorist attacks in Israel and subsequent Israeli military action in Gaza, The Burn Bag is re-releasing several episodes A'ndre and Ryan recorded during the 2021 Israeli-Palestinian crisis, aiming to assess the history of the broader Israeli-Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflicts, highlighting a multitude of perspectives. We hope that you listen to all of these re-releases, in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of this conflict.

[Originally Released on 6/3/2021] In this special episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Nabil Fahmy, Founding Dean of the American University in Cairo's School of Global Affairs and Public Policy and former Egyptian Foreign Minister. Dean Fahmy shares his perspective on the recent Gaza War and Egypt's historical role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Dean Fahmy digs into Egypt's relationship with Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Hamas, while giving his prognosis on the path ahead in the more than seventy year conflict. He also discusses Egypt's unique geopolitical position as an African and Asian power, and how this informs its foreign policy and relationship with regional and international actors, such as the United States. The conversation concludes with a discussion on Egypt's future and how the younger generation can bring positive change.

NOTE: In A’ndre’s introduction, he mentioned that Professor Rashid Khalidi was a negotiator for the PLO. The correct statement is that he was an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington Arab-Israeli peace negotiations from October 1991 until June 1993.

India-Canada Tensions: Blowback After the Assassination of a Sikh Separatist Leader, with Michael Kugelman Oct 01, 2023

This week, A'ndre chats with Michael Kugelman, the Director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Center, on the recent diplomatic tensions between India and Canada over the assassination (on Canadian soil) of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Sikh separatist leader. We dive into Canada's allegations against India, as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has accused the Indian Government of being involved in the assassination -- which the Indian Government has since denied. India has in turn accused Canada of harboring extremists supporting Khalistan separatist movement, dedicated to the creation of a separate Sikh homeland in Punjab, which turned violent in the 1970s and 1980s before being quelled by the Indian Government. Michael and A'ndre take a deep dive on that separatist movement, and why Canada has been accused of being a "safe haven for terrorists" by India. We then take a step back to assess India-Canada relations under Narendra Modi and Justin Trudeau, in addition to evaluating whether the diplomatic row will hamper U.S.-India relations -- particularly in light of reports that the United States may have provided Canada with valuable intelligence on India's alleged involvement in the Nijjar assassination.

Joseph Nye on Neoliberalism, Soft Power, and a Moral Foreign Policy Sep 25, 2023

Professor Joseph S. Nye Jr., one of the most influential international relations thinkers of our time, sits down with A'ndre Gonawela and Andrew Wilson to discuss the applicability of his theories around neoliberalism in a Great Power competition framework, his assessments of executive foreign policy in past administrations, and where academia can inform the public as the international landscape continues to change. Professor Nye, who co-founded the neoliberalist school of thought, provides his take on what people get wrong about it. The hosts and Professor Nye discuss what 'soft power' is, in addition to recent concepts around 'smart power' and 'sharp power'. A'ndre and Andrew also question Professor Nye about his views on what constitutes a 'moral' foreign policy, as Nye provides his rankings on U.S. Presidents and their own moral foreign policies.

Water and National Security: Water Insecurity, Conflict, and the Mekong River Dispute with Courtney Weatherby Sep 18, 2023

This week, A'ndre spoke with Courtney Weatherby, the Deputy Director of the Stimson Center’s Southeast Asia Program and a Research Analyst with the Energy, Water, & Sustainability program, on the intersection of water insecurity and conflict, with a particular focus on the Mekong River Dispute. Courtney discusses the connection between water and national security, and how water insecurity, while not often a direct driver of war, can be a tension point underlying a broader conflict. We briefly discuss how countries approach the sharing of water resources, and why energy security and food security are vitally linked to water security. We then focus on the Mekong River Dispute, talking about how China's actions in building dams on the river have affected countries downstream, leading to significant tensions.

The Race for Critical Minerals: A Primer on Renewable Energy and Foreign Relations with Anne Clawson Sep 11, 2023

This week, Christina interviews Anne Clawson, Principal and Head of Policy & Government Affairs Practice at Cascade Strategies. With an extensive portfolio in the manufacturing, natural resources, and clean energy space, Anne gives an extensive background on the state of critical minerals today. She discusses the race for critical minerals, rising tensions with adversaries and allies alike, and predicts what the future will look like for the United States in a setting where they are not the only dominating power. Anne gives insight into the complexities of critical minerals, from China's overwhelming refining capabilities, to developing nations' desire to capitalize on their raw resources.

Democracy, Migration, and Climate Change: An Assessment of the Intersectional Crisis in Latin America with Rebecca Bill Chavez, President and CEO of the Inter-American Dialogue Sep 04, 2023

The Burn Bag is collaborating with the Climate Migration Council to conduct several episodes on the security risks surrounding climate change, amidst severe heat and climate-related crises that are gripping the country and the world.
This week, A'ndre spoke with Rebecca Bill Chavez, the President and CEO of the Inter-American Dialogue, on the migration crisis in Latin America -- discussing why democratic decay across the region has factored in, and how the effects of climate change intersect. Rebecca, who worked on Latin American issues at the Department of Defense during the Obama Administration, talks about the key drivers of migration in Latin America and the internal dynamics of countries that are both the sources and receivers of migrants. We discuss why anti-democratic political cultures have exacerbated migration, and touch on how governments (across the right and left) have leveraged militarized law enforcement arms. Rebecca then outlines how climate change has intensified these relevant challenges, but provides some examples of hope on international cooperation, particularly highlighting how local and municipal leaders (such as Mayors) across Latin America are aiming to collaborate via dialogue in engaging with climate change and climate-driven migration.

Former Colombian President Iván Duque on Climate Change, The War on Drugs, and the Latin American Migration Crisis Aug 28, 2023

The Burn Bag is collaborating with the Climate Migration Council to conduct several episodes on the security risks surrounding climate change, amidst severe heat and climate-related crises that are gripping the country and the world.
This week, A'ndre spoke with Iván Duque, who served as President of Colombia from 2018 to 2022, on a range of topics related to climate change, the Latin American Migration Crisis, and the War on Drugs -- and how all three issues intersect with each other. President Duque outlines the key challenges he faced during his tenure and the specific actions his government took on environmental policy, energy consumption, and deforestation. The former President also provides his view on the environmental impacts of drug trafficking, highlighting the ecological cost of cocaine production, while also responding to claims that his government didn't do enough to stop the killings of land defenders and environmental activists. A'ndre and President Duque then open up a lengthy conversation on the Latin American Migration Crisis -- specifically discussing migration from Venezuela, and President Duque's actions to take in 2.5 million refugees from the country into Colombia. The President provides his view on whether the United States and Colombia should engage with Venezuelan President Maduro, and whether the world is doing their 'fair share' on engaging with the Latin American Migration Crisis. We close out the conversation with President Duque's takes on why migrants are traveling to the Southern Border of the United States via the Darien Gap, and his prognosis on the severity of climate-driven migration in the coming years and decades.

Ecosphere Security: Unsustainable Natural Resources and how Human and Food Insecurity Drive Climate Migration with Sharon Burke, President of Ecospherics Aug 21, 2023

The Burn Bag is collaborating with the Climate Migration Council to conduct several episodes on the security risks surrounding climate change, amidst severe heat and climate-related crises that are gripping the country and the world.
This week, A'ndre chatted with Sharon Burke, President of Ecospherics and a former senior Defense official who specialized in energy security issues, on a range of topics relevant to ecosphere security -- and how it can impact climate migration and other security risks. Sharon shared her insights on how DoD viewed climate change, and what her role as Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy entailed. We then outline what exactly ecosphere security is, and how factors like energy insecurity, water stress, biodiversity loss, and mineral exploitation can contribute to exacerbated food and human insecurity. We discussed her views on climate migration, highlighting the necessity to work towards solutions inside many of the countries who are the source of migrants fleeing climate-related crises. We close out the conversation by talking about how the U.S. Government can prioritize innovation around climate solutions.

Can (or Should) the Military Address Climate Change? Former PACFLT Commander Admiral Scott Swift, USN (Ret.) on Climate Change and Climate Migration as a National Defense Issue Aug 10, 2023

The Burn Bag is collaborating with the Climate Migration Council to conduct several episodes on the security risks surrounding climate change, amidst severe heat and climate-related crises that are gripping the country and the world.
This week, A'ndre spoke with former PACFLT Commander Admiral Scott Swift, USN (Ret.) on how we can view climate change and climate-driven migration through an operational defense lens. Admiral Swift provides his takes on why climate change is a national security issue, but explains why he doesn't believe it's not simply a defense issue. We discuss the Admiral's experience as PACFLT Commander and how climate issues intersected with his own military service, and open up a conversation on whether climate change impacts force posture and defense readiness. Admiral Swift talks about how we can apply a war-footing mentality to the fight against climate change, and why some governments have not yet taken effective action. We talk about the importance of climate-driven migration and the Admiral shares why he thinks the displacement of populations can de-stabilize countries around the world, and why the Admiral fears a 'Pearl Harbor' moment may be what forces ultimate action on this issue.

Former Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff: Climate Change as a Security Risk and Why Climate-Driven Migration Matters Jul 31, 2023

The Burn Bag is collaborating with the Climate Migration Council to conduct several episodes on the security risks surrounding climate change, amidst severe heat that is gripping the country.
This week, A'ndre spoke with former Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff on climate-driven migration and the national security threats spawned by climate change. The Secretary provides his perspectives on how marginalized communities are most at risk from the effects of climate change, and how climate change has driven recent migration crises around the world. The Secretary highlights how climate change has contributed to political turmoil in Latin America and Africa, and the conversation even touches on how extremism and public health risks can be driven by the impacts of climate change. A'ndre and Secretary Chertoff also discuss how we navigate the partisan nature of climate change conversations, and why U.S. action on the issue is imperative in the context of great power competition from adversarial nations such as China and Russia. Secretary Chertoff also highlights some of the work that the Climate Migration Council is doing, and why the private sector needs to engage with these challenges.

Former CIA Director John Brennan on Presidents, Classified Documents, Leaks, and the Future of Intelligence Jul 24, 2023

This week, A'ndre spoke with former CIA Director John Brennan on a range of topics pertaining to some of the recent controversies that relate to the intersection of politics and the Intelligence Community. Director Brennan discusses controversies behind President Trump's handling of classified documents, and provides an overview of how Presidents typically receive classified information while in office. A'ndre and the former CIA Director also discuss concerns on whether more partisan members of the U.S. Congress may use classified information for political gain, and the Director's thoughts on the recent 'top secret' leaks by a member of the Air National Guard. We round out the conversation with Director Brennan's takes on the future of the Intelligence Community, including his thoughts on how artificial intelligence may impact espionage operations, and how his definition of the term national security has changed since his entry into the CIA in 1980.

Prigozhin’s Covert Success: An Analysis of the Wagner Group’s Leader and the Situation in Ukraine with Verkhovna Rada Chief of Staff Andrii Bondarenko Jul 18, 2023

This week, The Burn Bag's new co-host Christina Oh interviews Andrii Bondarenko, Chief of Staff for Oleksiy Goncharenko in the Ukrainian Parliament. Andrii discusses his unique views on Prigozhin’s short-lived uprising as a covert success and his maintained influence and popularity in Russian social media channels. We also discuss President Zelenskyy’s continued aspirations to join NATO’s ranks, and the stark reality of these ambitions following the conclusion of the war. Andrii provides further insight into the Ukrainian populace’s rising negative sentiments regarding China and Iran, and the nation’s increasing regard for democratic values globally.

Can We Play Tough With China? Leveraging Diplomacy and Information Tactics to Our Advantage with Ret. General David Stilwell Jul 09, 2023

This week, A'ndre chats with retired Air Force Brigadier General David Stilwell, who most recently served as the Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs during the Trump Administration, to get his views on the current state of U.S.-China diplomacy. General Stilwell has extensive experience on East Asian affairs (having also served as Asia Advisor to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Director of the China Strategic Focus Group at U.S. Indo-Pacific Command), and provides his perspective on why the United States needs to come at the relationship with China from a "position of strength". The retired General and diplomat provides some interesting commentary on how the U.S. Government can leverage better messaging and information tactics to gain the upper hand, emphasizing a more psychological approach to the relationship. We also discuss the state of China's military, and why General Stilwell believes a Chinese invasion of Taiwan is NOT imminent.

Former CIA Director General David Petraeus on the Iraq War at 20, Ukraine, and Lessons for the Future Jun 26, 2023

This week, A'ndre hosts former CIA Director and retired General David Petraeus for a conversation on the 20th Anniversary of the Iraq War, the War in Ukraine, and the U.S. Defense Department's preparedness for the next great power conflict. General Petraeus reflects on the run-up to the Invasion of Iraq, and outlines where he believes mistakes were made in the war's onset. The General also discusses the strategy, planning, and execution of 'The Surge' in 2007 which he commanded — controversial at the time, but since described as a success. We then chat about the General's recent visit to Ukraine — what he did there and what he learned. General Petraeus shares his initial reactions to Ukraine's counteroffensive, and discusses why the current conflict is not necessarily indicative of the future of warfare, as others have asserted. We close out the conversation with the General's thoughts on DoD preparedness, particularly with his views on the greatest threats in the logistics space, in a day and age with a multitude of new threats, and a looming munitions crisis.
General Petraeus is co-authoring a book with Andrew Roberts, entitled Conflict: The Evolution of Warfare from 1945 to Ukraine, which you can preorder here.

Putin Under the Microscope: How the International Criminal Court May Hold Him Accountable with Professor Mark Schrad Jun 18, 2023

This week, David and Andrea chat with Professor Mark Lawrence Schrad. A Professor of Political Science and the Director of Russian area studies at Villanova University, along with authoring several books and being a regular contributor to Foreign Policy, Mark brings a wealth of experience in international law and Russian politics. Specifically, David and Andrea chat with Mark on the history of international law, its weight in global politics, its successes and failures, and, most relevant to today, how the International Criminal Court’s recent ruling against President Putin should be interpreted. In this discussion, Mark advocates for a less cynical view on international law, and stipulates that despite some of its shortcomings, we can look to it as a model of success and cooperation.

U.S.-India Relations: A Primer in Advance of Modi's State Visit to the United States with Basant Sanghera, Principal at The Asia Group Jun 13, 2023

This week, A'ndre spoke with Basant Sanghera, Principal at The Asia Group and former NSC Director for India and the Indian Ocean, on the state of U.S.-India relations in advance of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's official state visit this month. We dissect how bilateral relations between the United States and India have evolved since the latter's independence in 1947, and assess whether India's foreign policy truly follows a stance of 'non-alignment'. Basant shares his views on India's tense relationship with China, three years removed from the Ladakh skirmish (a tense situation in which both Indian and Chinese troops were killed), and whether India portends to figure prominently into the U.S. strategy on China. We also chat briefly about India's perceived positive relationship with Russia, particularly in the context of the Russo-Ukraine War, in addition to how India plays 'big brother' to some of its smaller neighbors in the Indian Ocean region. Finally, we discuss what economic relations look like between the United States and India, paying particular focus to India's fast growth in the tech sector, while also touching a bit on issues pertaining to human rights.

Best of: The Psychology of Putin with Former State Department Psychiatrist Dr. Ken Dekleva Jun 05, 2023

RE-RELEASE: This episode was originally recorded in March 2022, at the onset of the Russo-Ukrainian War
In this episode, Dr. Ken Dekleva returns for a conversation on Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Ken, who served as a Regional Medical Officer/Psychiatrist with the State Department, dissects Vladimir Putin's formative experiences and core characteristics, as well as Putin's inner circle. Dr. Dekleva digs into what he sees as happening with Putin’s leadership during the Ukraine-Russia War, and provides his input on why he doesn’t think Putin “has lost it”. He also discusses his assessment of other world leaders involved with the conflict, including Ukrainian President Zelenskyy.
You can listen to Dr. Dekleva’s prior episode on leadership profiles here.

Space, Satellites, and Start-Ups: True Anomaly CEO Even Rogers speaks on Space Force, Space Defense, and Readiness May 30, 2023

This week, A'ndre chatted with Even Rogers, CEO and Co-Founder of space defense start-up True Anomaly, on a range of topics pertaining to space defense, the efficacy of the Space Force, and how his company is aiming to fill in key technology gaps the military is experiencing. Even, who formerly served at U.S. Space Command, discusses why he believes the Space Force is critical to national security and corrects some of the misperceptions the general public has about the newest branch of the Armed Forces. He discusses how the Space Force has fared since its founding, and why the new military branch promotes U.S. interests in the Indo-Pacific, in addition to addressing threats in space from China and Russia. Even then outlines key readiness challenges the Department of Defense is facing in the space domain, and gives his take on the DoD acquisitions process and how venture capital can play a key role bolstering the commercial world to take on space defense. We then discuss True Anomaly, the company's new technologies, and some of the coverage around the company's much publicized 'hunter satellites'.
Some of the resources that Even referenced during the episode are provided here:

Air National Guard Director Lt. Gen. Michael Loh on the National Defense Strategy, Joint Force, and Integrated Deterrence May 22, 2023

This week, A'ndre caught up with Lt. Gen. Michael Loh, the Director of the Air National Guard (ANG), to talk about how the reserve force fits into the new National Defense Strategy, how it factors into the Joint Force's strategy, and how it promotes the goal of integrated deterrence. Lt. Gen. Loh shares out areas of the National Defense Strategy that are priorities for the ANG, and the outlines the unique dual state and federal roles that the ANG fulfills. We discuss how the ANG supports the U.S. Air Force and what mobilization of the ANG's resources in the Indo-Pacific may look like in the event of conflict. Lt. Gen. Loh also highlights the biggest challenges he sees facing the ANG, particularly in the realm of modernization and innovation. We also talk about how unmanned capabilities and foreign allies have factored into the ANG's overall performance and capabilities.

China: Challenges, Competition, and Conflict? On China's Foreign Policy Going Forward with Ryan Hass, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution May 15, 2023

This week, Burn Bag hosts A'ndre and David chat with Ryan Hass, senior fellow and the Michael H. Armacost Chair in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings, on China's foreign policy decision-making and strategy, from the 1970s through to the present. We discuss how China's sphere of influence, global standing, and relations with the United States have changed over the decades. Ryan provides an overview of China's foreign policy goals under Xi, and whether they're unique when compared to those of his predecessors. We probe whether China's foreign policy approach is sustainable, and evaluate its relations with India, smaller states, and countries in the Middle East, before dissecting China's approach to Russia amidst the War in Ukraine. We then shift to a broader conversation on China's aggression towards Taiwan, and whether a conflict is inevitable.
Ryan's new book (co-authored with Dr. Richard Bush and Bonnie Glaser, “U.S.-Taiwan Relations: Will China’s Challenge Lead to a Crisis?”, is out right now.

Age of Danger: Reimagining the National Security Machine Amidst Threats from Superpowers, Germs, Digits, Drones, and Storms with Andrew Hoehn and Thom Shanker May 08, 2023

This week, A'ndre interviewed Andrew Hoehn (Senior Director of Research at RAND) and Thom Shanker (Director of Project for Media and National Security) on their new book Age of Danger, which aims to reassess and redefine how the United States approaches national security, amidst a range of new and emerging threats. Andrew and Thom talk about why the U.S. Government focused too much on the threat of terrorism for twenty years, while missing the mark on the rise of China and Russia. We also discuss the country's long-time focus on hard power (military might, weapons, and more) and why there needs to be a shift to emphasizing soft power (diplomacy, economics, and influence). We call out the emerging threats of pandemics, cyber, autonomous technologies, and climate change, and both Andrew and Thom discuss how they'd retool the $1.25 trillion national security machine to be better able at addressing those threats.
Age of Danger: Keeping America Safe in an Era of New Superpowers, New Weapons, and New Threats is out on May 9th, and you can purchase the book here.

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: Economic Influence, Vitality, and its National Security Scope with Dr. Betsey Stevenson May 03, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.
As a professor at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy and former chief economist of the U.S Department of Labor, Dr. Stevenson was able to speak to Andrea and Aurelia Van der Wilde about the role of economic influence and national security interests at both macro and micro levels. We explore how countries wield economic influence abroad, how we define economic vitality at home, and how having a secure economy is of importance to national security interests.
We later delve a bit more into Dr. Stevenson's work researching labor market experiences and unpaid labor. Are public policy solutions plausible? Tune in to this episode as we discuss!

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: Private Sector Partnerships in National Security with Ellen Chang Apr 26, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.
This week, Andrea and Sravya Kotamraju speak with Ellen Chang, Vice President Ventures and head of H4X Labs at BMNT, about the breadth of opportunities available in private sector national security work. Ellen touches on her work and prior experience as a former U.S Navy Intelligence Officer and defense industry expert to provide a thorough break down of the dynamics of government and private sector collaboration, international cooperation in advancing technologies, and innovation in this space.
Our hosts learn more about the future of private-public sector partnerships and how younger generations can be involved. Tune in as we expand more upon the various stakeholders involved in our country’s security.

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: Farah Pandith on Global Influence and National Security Apr 20, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.
Farah Pandith, a pioneer in the field of countering violent extremism, joins The Burn Bag's Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellow Sydney Zulich for a conversation on the role of 'influence' in shaping national security and international policy. Farah discusses what American influence means, and how our country competes for influence with other nations. Farah outlines how powerful democratic values can be powerful in shaping influence, and how globalization may affect America's own position.
Our hosts and Farah also chat about how diplomacy can shape influence, and reflect on how Farah's own former position as Special Representative to Muslim Communities was an example of this. They close out the conversation by talking about misinformation, and the role technology plays in exacerbating key risks.

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: Why Climate Security Should be at the Forefront of Security Risk Assessments with Erin Sikorsky Apr 13, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.

Our understanding of climate security has been limited, at most, to our understanding of climate change and its impacts. Climate security risks have only recently been easing into mainstream national security dialogue, with the most recent National Security Strategy (NSS) elevating the issue’s position among other security risks. But what does climate security look like?

Join Andrea Ochoa and Amulya Panakam in a discussion with Erin Sikorsky as they break down climate security essentials and what our country should be mindful of looking ahead to future security strategy. Learn more about the domestic and international implications of climate security threats and what a more secure future entails.

Autonomy, AI, and Defense: Challenges for the Department of Defense in Leveraging Autonomous Systems and Software Solutions with Colin Carroll, the Head of Applied Intuition's Government Relations Apr 09, 2023

This week, A'ndre chats with Colin Carroll, the Head of Applied Intuition's Government Relations team, and a vocal expert on leveraging autonomous systems in defense. We break down Colin's perspectives on how the Defense Department has leveraged autonomous systems in the past and present, and Colin outlines what he sees as the biggest blockers for rapid and efficient development in and out of the Department. Colin discusses his early career experience at the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center and Project Maven, his thoughts on whether autonomy development is siloed across the branches of the Armed Forces, and if autonomy, artificial intelligence, and machine learning tools are shaping operations/strategy in Ukraine and the Indo-Pacific. Colin provides his commentary on how the Defense Department can better leverage the private sector, and also plugs Applied Intuition's upcoming event, Nexus 23.

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: Michèle Flournoy and Sue Gordon on Refocusing Defense Amidst Ever-Changing National Security Priorities Apr 05, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.

Burn Bag Podcast co-host Andrea and Girl Security Fellows Amanda Hart and Emilie Reitinger join Former Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Michèle Flournoy and Former Deputy Director of National Intelligence Susan Gordon in a discussion on Refocusing Defense. We talk more in depth about the changing nature of national security priorities in the 21st century, and segue into stakeholder engagement within the national security apparatus.

Ultimately, how can we rethink our national security approach while maintaining a strong defense? Join us as we delve into these issues and more as both Michèle and Susan bring their wealth of knowledge to the table.

The Burn Bag & Girl Security: The Power of Mentorship and Workforce Development within the Space and Reframing the National Security Discussion with Lauren Buitta and Gina Bennett Mar 28, 2023

Welcome to the Burn Bag's collaboration with Girl Security, a workforce mentorship program designed to help young women pursue careers in National Security. This series focuses on how we can reframe our thinking on National Security — what is pertinent to national security in the 21st century? Who, or what, is missing from the national security discussion? Join us as we explore topics within each episode alongside experts in the realm of national security, hosted by Andrea Ochoa and Girl Security Fellows.

For our introductory episode, we are joined by Lauren Buitta and Gina Bennett, CEO and Strategic Advisor of Girl Security, respectively. We will go more in depth into the work Girl Security is doing to make the national security field more inclusive, as well as how we can rethink national security to understand the true scope of national security threats. We will introduce our series, and talk a little bit more about Gina’s Hunter-Gatherer National Security as well. We look forward to having you listen as we speak with more guests throughout the series!

Risky Business: Due Diligence – Private Investigations of Public Importance with Dan Nardello of Nardello & Co. Mar 22, 2023

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
For episode 6 of Risky Business, The Burn Bag's A'ndre Gonawela and Trenchcoat's Bill Priestap are joined by Dan Nardello, Founder of Nardello and Co. (a private investigations firm), who discusses the intersections of his firm's work, business, and national security. Dan talks about how he factors national security issues into his work, and how he leverages the information and intelligence collected through investigations in addressing these issues when they collide. Dan provides an overview of how the global investigative field has changed over the last two decades, in addition to commenting on how his business works in enabling risk mitigation. We also get Dan's take on what the biggest threats are to business leaders, and what has genuinely surprised him about the field in recent years.

1983: A Nuclear Near Miss -- The Most Dangerous Year in History and how the U.S. and Soviets almost got into a Nuclear War with Brian J. Morra, former Air Force Intelligence Officer Mar 15, 2023

Are we living in the most dangerous year in history? Or was that 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis? According to former Air Force Intelligence Officer Brian J. Morra, the answer is neither -- rather, it was 1983. Brian makes this case, outlining how the United States and the Soviet Union narrowly avoided nuclear catastrophe, after months of tensions, tough rhetoric, and a tragic shoot-down of a Korean civilian airliner. Burn Bag host A'ndre chats with Brian about these events, dramatized in his new book, The Able Archers, based on Brian's own experiences working on intelligence issues during this time period. Brian shares why the Soviets believed that the United States was willing to launch a first strike under the Presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose tough rhetoric against the Kremlin led to heightened paranoia in the mind of dying Soviet Leader Yuri Andropov. This paranoia came to a head in September, when a lone Soviet officer prevented a nuclear war scare after a series of false alarms, and in November, when a NATO exercise caused the Soviets to bolster their nuclear posturing in fears that the United States was actually about to launch a first strike. Many of these events came to light decades after 1983, but Brian shares these stories and more in this fascinating episode.
You can purchase Brian's book,The Able Archers,here.

Risky Business: Private Sector Intelligence -- Earning the Trust of Governments, Research Institutions, and Fortune 500s with Greg and Eric Levesque from Strider Technologies Mar 08, 2023

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
In episode 5 of Risky Business, The Burn Bag's A'ndre Gonawela and Trenchcoat's Bill Priest chat with the co-founders of private intelligence firm Strider Technologies, Greg and Eric Levesque, on open source intelligence and the private sector intelligence community. Greg and Eric talk about what information their company gathers on behalf of clients, how they define 'open source intelligence', and how they analyze their data. We get their view on what the private sector intelligence community is and what it can be, as companies and other organizations continue to desire information that has traditionally been collected and assessed by governments. Greg and Eric discuss how Strider fills some of these needs, how their work is both similar and dissimilar from what the government's intelligence community does, and what national security issues their clients are most concerned about. They also discuss their partnerships with some government entities, and how they view future trends.

Bringing Americans Home: The Past, Present, and Future of U.S. Hostage Policy with Cynthia Loertscher of the James W. Foley Legacy Foundation Mar 01, 2023

This week, David and Anna talk with Cynthia Loertscher of the James W. Foley Legacy Foundation, a non-governmental organization dedicated to advocating for all Americans held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad. The interview surveys recent developments in U.S. policy before diving into how government agencies can support hostages and their loved ones before and after their return home. Tune in for a fascinating conversation on the state of hostage affairs, family advocacy, and ways to bring more Americans home.

Trump's Last Secretary: Former Acting Secretary of Defense Chris Miller on January 6th, Troop Drawdowns, The Defense Department, Donald Trump, and More Feb 24, 2023

This week, A'ndre speaks with Chris Miller, former Acting Secretary of Defense during the last 73 days of the Trump Administration, on a range of topics pertaining to his controversial, short, and significant tenure. We discuss Chris's service in Special Forces, which includes time spent in the early days of the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars, and how that service shaped his worldview. We also highlight some of Chris's work at the National Security Council on counterterrorism, including the efforts against ISIS and the operation that killed ISIS Leader Baghdadi. Chris discusses his view on the ending of the Afghanistan War, and A'ndre probes Chris on whether the end-result would've been the same under a second Trump Administration as it was under the Biden Administration. A'ndre presses Chris on his (and the DoD's) response to the January 6th attacks, whether Chris believes it was an insurrection, and his views on the culpability of President Trump. Chris does outline how he became Acting Secretary, and why his 'neo-isolationist' ideology aligns with President Trump's America First ideology -- and how that factored into the decision to draw down troops in Somalia, and Chris's own belief that the DoD budget needs to be halved.
Chris Miller's book, Soldier Secretary, is out now.

Risky Business: The Business of Peace – Peacebuilding, Human Rights, and National Security with David L. Phillips Feb 20, 2023

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
This week, The Burn Bag's A'ndre Gonawela and Trenchcoat's Holden Triplett chat with David L. Phillips, Director of Columbia University's Program on Peace-building and Rights and a former Senior Advisor to the U.S. State Department and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, on the intersection of business and peace-building. We discuss why the commercial world needs to be engaged in the work that goes on in peace-building and conflict zones, and how David's own work on peace-building has differed between his time inside and outside government. David provides his view on how much economics intersected with his work, and what he means when he defines economic security. We also go into why businesses need to care about the human rights situations in other countries, and David's prognosis on what this intersection will look like in the future.

Modi's India: A BBC Documentary, Modi's (Old) U.S. Visa Ban, Adani's Crony Capitalism, and More Feb 15, 2023

This week, A'ndre talks to Dr. Joyojeet Pal, an Indian politics expert and an Associate Professor of Information at the University of Michigan's School of Information, on all things Narendra Modi. They discuss Modi's unconventional rise to power and the controversies surrounding the BBC's documentary, which implicated Modi in the 2002 Gujarat Riots, which result in the deaths of 1,000, predominantly Muslim, civilians. Dr. Pal also highlights unclassified State Department documents, painting a picture of the U.S. Government's evolution in its stance on Modi -- from a Visa ban in the 2000s to the revocation of that ban before he became prime minister -- and the role that relevant U.S. political/policy figures and Indian Diaspora groups played in that timeline. They also discuss recent scandals involving Asia's once-richest-man, Gautam Adani, whose Adani Group recorded $120b in market value loss after the Hindenburg Group, an investment research firm, released a damning report alleging stock manipulation and fraud, amongst other allegations. Dr. Pal provides his prognosis on Indian politics, including how Rahul Gandhi, heir to the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty and current opposition leader, is attempting a political rebrand after two landslide losses to Modi in 2014 and 2019.

Risky Business: The New National Security Economy – Globalization, Competition, and Risk Feb 08, 2023

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
In episode three, The Burn Bag's A'ndre Gonawela and Trenchcoat's Holden Triplett speak to David S. Lee about what he terms "the new national security economy." David discusses the framework he outlines in his recent Harvard Business Review article, and how companies are already affected by the 'national security economy' -- where certain dependencies (such as foreign production) can be a national security risk. David also talks about how U.S.-China competition has driven national security concerns further, and commentates on whether companies are willful participants or victims of these circumstances. We discuss how companies are responding, whether through the creation of risk intelligence units or through having Chief National Security Officers as part of their senior leadership team.
David S. Lee is an award-winning teacher that is active broadly in the areas of ethics, fintech, leadership, law, and corporate governance. He teaches in the undergraduate, executive education, MBA, and other taught postgraduate degree programs, including the IMBA with Fudan University, and the Executive MBA-Global Asia offered with Columbia Business School and London Business School. David is a co-author of the first Asia focused business ethics textbook, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, An Asia Edition (Cengage Learning Asia, 2019). His forthcomiong book is entitled A Perilous Moment: Navigating the New National Security Economy.

Top Risks 2023: Ian Bremmer, President of the Eurasia Group, Forecasts New Year's Geopolitical Outlook Jan 31, 2023

For the third year in a row, The Burn Bag hosted Eurasia Group President Ian Bremmer (@ianbremmer) to discuss his Top Risks 2023 Report -- a forecast of the top geopolitical risks most likely to play out over the coming year. A'ndre Gonawela spoke with Ian at length about the report's #1 risk, "Rogue Russia", and why Ian believes that it is the most dangerous risk he has forecast ever in his time doing the Top Risk reports. Ian also provides his thoughts on why his #2 risk, China's Xi Jinping, was able to resist the blowback of his Zero-COVID policies and emerge as the strongest Chinese leader since Mao Zedong. We dip into some conversation on artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, which the report terms as 'weapons of mass disruption,' and how they might impact democracy detrimentally. Next, Ian discusses his optimism that inflation may be easing, while giving a foreboding prediction that inevitable fuel price surges will significantly impact the developing world's economic burdens. We also talk about why U.S. political dysfunction is ranked lower on this year's list as opposed to the high rankings afforded in 2021 and 2022, why Generation Z is the #9 risk, and what Ian means when he asserts that 'Water Stress' is the tenth highest risk.

Winning at Any Cost: Clean Competition, Soft Power through Sports, and the Russian Doping Scandal with Travis Tygart, CEO of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency Jan 25, 2023

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Travis Tygart, CEO of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), about maintaining the integrity of international sports. Travis, who has spent two decades at the USADA, traces the history of doping in sports and how the rules for clean competition have developed over time. Having oversaw the investigation into Lance Armstrong, Travis break down why anti-doping regulations are so important and why holding athletes, teams, and countries accountable advances the rule of law. We then delve into the Russian doping scandal and the close relationship between sports and politics. Despite international agreements banning doping, countries such as Russia seek to win at any cost. The conversation concludes with Travis's persecutive on the future and how high-level athletes are using their platforms to advance anti-doping and anti-corruption efforts.

What in the World?: Classified Documents, Davos Conspiracies, and Wrestling with a Potential Saudi WWE Purchase (01/19/23) Jan 19, 2023

In this week's episode, A'ndre, Ryan and David dive into some of the biggest stories of 2023. With President Biden's classified documents scandal heating up, they discuss the political and legal impact, as well as larger issues related to classification. The conversation then turns to the shocking resignation announcement by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. A'ndre continues with an overview of the controversies surrounding a potential Saudi Arabia acquisition of WWE. The episode closes out with an update on the War in Ukraine and why the World Economic Forum is mired by conspiracies.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

Risky Business: Web3 – Rogue States, Regulation, and Risk with Ari Redbord, Head of Legal and Government Affairs at TRM Labs Jan 11, 2023

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
In episode two, the Burn Bag's Ryan Rosenthal and Trenchcoat's Holden Triplett speak with Ari Redbord about the Web3 domain of risk. Ari helps us understand what the blockchain is and the various use cases for the private and public sectors. The conversation then moves to whether digital currencies are national security threats and how governments around the world have responded. Ari outlines the regulatory approaches (or lack thereof), and how existing laws and regulations are being used to combat financial crime. We also discuss how state and non-state actors use and abuse cryptocurrencies and the blockchain, including North Korea and hacking groups, and whether sanctions are effective against on-chain transactions. The episode rounds out with Ari's advice on how to stay safe, noting the benefits of a public ledger that can be used by law enforcement and the private sector to investigate malign actors and enforce compliance.
Ari is a Head of Legal and Government Affairs at TRM Labs. Prior to joining TRM, he was the Senior Advisor to the Deputy Secretary and the Undersecretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence at the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

The Defense Innovation Unit: Former DIU Director Mike Brown on Leveraging Commercial Enterprise for National Security Jan 04, 2023

This week, A'ndre talks to Mike Brown, who recently served as Director of the Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) between 2018 and 2022, on what DIU is and why the organization is unique within the Department of Defense, his time as Director, and the challenges facing the defense innovation space in the 2020s. We begin the podcast with a conversation on the term innovation itself, before moving into how DIU works with commercial enterprise to dramatically accelerate timelines of acquisition. Mike reflects on his own leading the organization, discussing how he made decisions of prioritization and lessons learned for others evaluating innovation. Mike also provides his take on the biggest challenges facing commercial enterprise in partnering with DoD, and what can be done within procurement to enable access to longer-term contracts for smaller businesses and start-ups. He addresses perceived accessibility issues and concerns around classification that may give business leaders pause when partnering with DoD, and whether DIU is being adequately supported by current DoD funding and if the organization has the roots to keep going as the defense innovation space matures. We round out the conversation by getting Mike's reflections on the state of defense innovation today, and his thoughts on the advent of the many new national security centric tech companies that are out there.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

Risky Business: Data – The New Oil or the New Nuclear Competition? with Jessie Liu, fmr. U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia Dec 28, 2022

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!
In episode one, the Burn Bag's A'ndre Gonawela and Trenchcoat's Bill Priestap speak with Jessie Liu about her career in national security and the business risks surrounding data. Jesse takes us through a conversation focusing on how the U.S. Government thinks about data regulations, in addition to data protections for U.S. persons and businesses, including the role CFIUS (The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States) has to play. We also discuss public-private partnerships, how the private sector works with government on data protection, and whether the Department of Justice and FBI are more reactive than proactive on this issue. The conversation concludes with Jesse's perspective on how her private practice role is contributing to the national security mission.
Jessie is a partner in the Washington, D.C. office of Skadden, Arps, Slate Meagher & Flom LLP. From 2017-20, Jessie served as the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia. Prior to joining the U.S. attorney’s office, Jessie was deputy general counsel for the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

Inside the CFIUS Black Box: Foreign Investment and National Security with Tom Feddo, Fmr. Asst. Secretary of the Treasury Dec 21, 2022

In this episode, Ryan talks to Tom Feddo, former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Investment Security, about the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). Tom, who led the interagency body from 2018-2021, discusses the history of CFIUS and its power to review foreign investments. With increasing scrutiny on cross-border transactions, Tom sheds light on the CFIUS review process, shares his perspective on the TikTok case and, assesses whether Twitter may be subject to the body's jurisdiction. The conversation concludes with an overview of the proposed outbound review legislation in Congress and what the future may hold for U.S. investment screening.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

Live from RNDF22: Bucky Butow, Defense Innovation Unit Space Portfolio Director Dec 15, 2022

On December 3rd, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal was in Simi Valley, CA covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.
Bucky Butow talks to Ryan about the ability of the DoD to rapidly and effectively innovate, collaborating with the private sector to develop new technologies, and the emerging areas that DIU views as particularly important.

Risky Business: When Business and National Security Collide with Bill Priestap and Holden Triplett, Founders of Trenchcoat Advisors Dec 14, 2022

Welcome to Risky Business, a limited series in partnership with Trenchcoat Advisors, a risk advisory firm. In an unpredictable, complex, and chaotic world, the business risks are ever-present. To help navigate the challenges ahead, this series delves into the intersection of business and national security — from influence operations and sabotage to hostage diplomacy and investment security, we’re bringing exclusive conversations with leading experts to better understand and anticipate risk!

In this introductory episode, A’ndre and Ryan are joined by Trenchcoat Founders Bill Priestap and Holden Triplett to discuss their perspectives on the collision of business and national security and learn what’s in store for our Risky Business series.
Stay tuned for Episode One!

Live from RNDF22: Christine Wormuth, Secretary of the Army Dec 09, 2022

On December 3rd, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.
Secretary Wormuth talks to Ryan about what lessons the Army can take away from Russia's war in Ukraine, whether she is concerned about Congressional support for Ukraine, and her plan to address the Army's recruiting challenges.

Live from RNDF22: Alan Estevez, Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Dec 09, 2022

On December 3rd, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.
Under Secretary Extetvez talks to Ryan about the China semiconductor rules, effectiveness of exports controls, and how the U.S. is working with allies and partners.

Burning at Europe's Borders: Human Stories from Africa's Migrant Crisis with Dr. Isabella Alexander-Nathani Dec 07, 2022

This week, A’ndre and Anna (one of our new co-hosts!) talk to writer, filmmaker, and activist Dr. Isabella Alexander-Nathani about the African Migration Crisis, discussing what she saw, heard, and experienced at Europe’s Southernmost border in Morocco and other parts of North Africa. Isabella profiles some of the young migrants at the Moroccan-Spanish border in her book, Burning at Europe’s Borders, and her upcoming documentary, The Burning, and discusses the difficulties and brutalities they endured in the face of stark and rarely reported human rights abuses at the hands of the authorities. Importantly, Isabella highlights the determination of several of these young migrants, outlining why they felt compelled to undertake this dangerous journey – viewing it as a necessity for their family’s survival. We also discuss the politicization of the terms ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’, the EU’s ignorance in the face of flagrant human rights abuses, Isabella’s views on her own identity’s role in her own anthropological storytelling, and broad implications for U.S. border issues.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

Live from RNDF22: Doug Philippone, Palantir Global Defense Lead Dec 04, 2022

This week, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.
Doug Philippone, Global Defense Lead of Palantir Technologies, talks Palantir's mission, the utility of 'big data' through the case of Army Vantage, and potential areas for data-driven solutions in the near future.
Stay tuned for more from the 2022 Reagan National Defense Forum!

Live from RNDF22: Joe Laurienti, Founder and CEO of Ursa Major Dec 04, 2022

This week, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.
Joe Laurienti, Founder and CEO of Ursa Major, talks to Ryan about the history of commercial propulsion, how Ursa Major fills a gap for hypersonic engines, and provides his perspective on industry's importance in U.S.-China competition for hypersonic supremacy.
Stay tuned for more from the 2022 Reagan National Defense Forum!

Live from RNDF22: Rep. Adam Smith, Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee Dec 04, 2022

This week, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.

In this mini-episode, Rep. Adam Smith, Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, talks to Ryan about the United States' role in the world, the importance of supporting Ukraine, and why demonstrating the strength of US democracy combats autocracy.
Stay tuned for more from the 2022 Reagan National Defense Forum!

Live from RNDF22: Trae Stephens, Co-Founder of Anduril Industries Dec 03, 2022

This week, Burn Bag co-host Ryan Rosenthal comes to us from Simi Valley, CA, covering the 2022 edition of the Reagan National Defense Forum, one of the nation's largest gatherings of the defense community.

In this mini-episode, Trae Stephens, Co-Founder of Anduril Industries, talks to Ryan about venture-backed defense innovation, startups in defense technology, and Anduril's recently announced SeriesE funding round.
Stay tuned for more from the 2022 Reagan National Defense Forum!

Best of: General Stanley McChrystal Applies the Risk Guidebook to Afghanistan Nov 30, 2022

In this "Best of" episode from November 2021, A'ndre and Ryan speak to retired Four Star General Stanley McChrystal about his new book Risk: A User's Guide, applying the principles of risk management to the War in Afghanistan -- a situation the General is very familiar with. We ask General McChrystal to discuss what he defines as the 'Risk Immune System', and to explain the 'Risk Control Factors' that he outlines in the book. General McChrystal, famed for creating a comprehensive counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan, applies those Risk Control Factors to the situation in Afghanistan, talking about how factors such as narrative, bias, leadership, why we shouldn't fall for the 'Myth of Helplessness' in assessing our performance and failures in Afghanistan. General McChrystal also touches on the issue of diversity -- not necessarily simply diversity in identity, but rather diversity of thought, experience, perspectives, skillsets, and expertise -- and why the U.S. Government and U.S. military were not using diversity on the battlefield. The retired General is also candid about his own successes and failures during his service in Afghanistan, while also offering thoughts on solutions for better risk management -- and whether it was ever too late to apply these solutions to Afghanistan.
You can check out General McChrystal's new book Risk: A User's Guide here.

What in the World?: Israel Moves Right, Iran's Soccer Team Supports Protesters, and TikTok is on the Chopping Block (11/26/22) Nov 26, 2022

In this week's episode, the team talks about Israel's new right-wing government led by Benjamin Netanyahu, the Iranian Soccer Team's protest at the World Cup, and the prospects and implications of a U.S. ban on TikTok. We also cover the tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and *high*-light a recent Zoom mishap involving a Colombian judge.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

FIFA's Pay-to-Play: Inside the Corruption of the World Cup with Ken Bensinger Nov 23, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to NYT reporter and author Ken Bensinger about FIFA and the corruption surrounding the World Cup. Ken's 2018 book, Red Card, explores the U.S.-led corruption case into FIFA that upended the world of international football. The conversation begins with Ken explaining the significance of football and the power of FIFA. We then dig into the rise of former FIFA President Sepp Blatter and how commercial success led to the growth of corruption. The episode concludes with Ken's perspective on the 2022 World Cup in Qatar and why FIFA's efforts to increase transparency and accountability are just window dressing.
To learn more, check out Red Card: How the U.S. Blew the Whistle on the World's Biggest Sports Scandal and the Netflix docuseries FIFA Uncovered.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

What in the World?: Biden and Xi at the G20, a Missile Hits Poland, and Death Sentences in Iran (11/18/22) Nov 18, 2022

In this week's episode, the team talks about the 2022 G20 summit in Indonesia. President Biden met with President Xi, world leaders condemned Russia, and PM Trudeau received a stern talking-to. We also cover the alleged Ukrainian missile that landed in Poland, the leaked intelligence report about UAE influence operations in the U.S., and how social media spread misinformation about Iran.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

"Strongmen": The Authoritarian Past and Present with Professor Ruth Ben-Ghiat Nov 16, 2022

In this episode, Ryan talks to Professor Ruth Ben-Ghiat about her book, Strongmen: From Mussolini to the Present, and the contemporary history of authoritarianism. Ruth begins by defining authoritarianism and the subset known as "strongman" rule. She then tracks the emergence of this phenomenon, beginning with Italian Dictator Benito Mussolini, noting the ways in which these leaders come to power. The conversation proceeds with the tools of strongman rule and how modern authoritarians, such as Viktor Orban and Vladimir Putin, remain in power. The episode concludes with the ways in which authoritarians fall and Ruth's perspective on the future.
To learn more, check out Ruth's website and subscribe to her substack.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

What in the World?: Burn Bag 2.0, the Twitter Hellscape, and Russia in Retreat (11/12/22) Nov 11, 2022

We're back! The Burn Bag is kicking off its re-launch with What in the World?
In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by the new team and discuss Burn Bag 2.0. It also wouldn't be a What in the World? without talking about what in the world happened this week. Elon Musk has turned Twitter upside down and Russia retreated from southern Ukraine. We also discuss the UK's latest Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu's return, and what appears to be an end to the years-long civil war in Ethiopia.
Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this episode are those of the hosts. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of any host’s employer.

The Killing Fields: The Legacy of the Cambodian Genocide and the Fight for Justice with Professor John Ciorciari Oct 05, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by University of Michigan Professor John Ciorciari to discuss the Cambodian Genocide and decades-long fight for justice. The conversation begins with how the Khmer Rouge rose to power and the ideological underpinnings of its movement. John also provides a background of the authoritarian leader, Pol Pot, and how he rose to power in relative obscurity. With Pol Pots rise also came horrific violence agains the Cambodian people, rising to what the International community has deems a genocide. John helps us dissect how and why the Khmer Rouge regime perpetrated this genocide and the how it finally concluded in the late 1970s. With the recent conclusion of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, John details the fight for justice, highlighting both the positive and negative implications of the tribunal's work. The episode concludes with a discussion of Cambodia today and the legacy of Cambodian Genocide.
To learn more about, please check out these resources recommended by Professor Ciorciari:
The Killing Fields, The Diplomat, Hun Sen's Cambodia, and The Pol Pot Regime.

The CIA Enters Afghanistan: Former Alpha Team Leader J.R. Seeger on the CIA's 2001 Entry into Afghanistan and Paramilitary Ops Against the Taliban Sep 28, 2022

In this episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre talks with former CIA Paramilitary officer and Alpha Team Leader J.R. Seeger on the CIA's 2001 insertion into Afghanistan in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and the early days of the Afghanistan War. Seeger, who's had a 27 year career in federal service, led Alpha Team, one of the first CIA paramilitary teams to be dropped behind enemy lines in Afghanistan, and provides us with an oral history of the pre-war intelligence operations and CIA's efforts to consolidate the Afghan Resistance's efforts against the Taliban. Seeger, who can't necessarily discuss some of the specifics of his role on the ground in Afghanistan, nevertheless guides us through the history of the operations, including a discussion on the uprising at Qala-i-Jangi compound near Mazar-i-Sharif that resulted in the death of his team mate Mike Spann -- America's first casualty in the twenty year Afghanistan War.
Since retiring from federal service, J.R. Seeger has written a litany of thriller novels, which include the MIKE4 series, which focuses on a family of special operations officers spanning between World War II and the present day.
J.R.'s story and that of Team Alpha is also covered in Toby Harnden's book First Casualty. We interviewed Toby several months ago on their story, which you can listen to here.

"Turkey Under Erdogan": History, Authoritarianism, and Global Politics with Dr. Dimitar Bechev Sep 19, 2022

In this episode, Ryan talks to Dr. Dimitar Bechev about his recent book, "Turkey Under Erdogan: How a Country Turned from Democracy and the West". Dr. Bechev begins by contextualizing how Erdogan came to power, noting the liberalization of the 80s. He then discuses the political landscape in Turkey and critical power centers. The conversation then moves to how Turkey's democracy has been undermined by authoritarianism and whether there is reason for optimism in the upcoming election. The episode concludes with a discussion of Turkey's foreign policy, relationship with the West, and what the future may hold.

Lasting Legacies?: Remembering Mikhail Gorbachev and Queen Elizabeth II Sep 12, 2022

In this special episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the legacies of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and Queen Elizabeth II. Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, is admired in the West but was a political persona non-grata in his own country. We dissect Gorbachev’s leadership, his relationship with Ronald Reagan and their drive for nuclear disarmament, his controversial relations with the rest of Eastern Europe, and how perestroika and glasnost contributed to the Soviet Union’s collapse. They spend the second half of the episode discussing Queen Elizabeth II’s legacy, her symbolic and cultural power even though her official role was that of figurehead, and how public memory around Her Majesty’s rule has changed and evolved, both accommodating and leaving out certain legacies, controversial and otherwise. A’ndre’s and Ryan’s conversation attempt to put a more objective, grey lens on the two leaders, assessing the good and the bad in a more critical manner.

"The Negotiator's Cross": Former State Department Psychiatrist Dr. Ken Dekleva on his new Mystery Novel Sep 06, 2022

This week, Dr. Ken Dekleva, former State Department Psychiatrist, returns to The Burn Bag Podcast for the third time to discuss his brand new book, The Negotiator's Cross, a thrilling mystery novel following Father Ishmael, a Catholic Priest turned hostage negotiator, through a series of perilous situations. Dr. Dekleva pens Father Ishmael's journey across a series of locations that have figured into the author's own career, and Dr. Dekleva shares a bit about how his own experience in psychiatry and in leadership profiling informed his creation of the novel's set of intriguing characters. The novel itself tracks Father Ishmael's story after one of his parishioners had disappeared, believing the disappearance to be a cartel kidnapping, and Father Ishmael finds himself involved in a tale of "diplomacy, espionage, kidnap, genocide, and murder."
You can buy Dr. Dekleva's book on Amazon here.

One Year On: The War in Afghanistan, Refugees, and Supporting Veterans with Kyle Bibby Aug 29, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Kyle Bibby, Deputy Political Director for Common Defense and Marine Corps veteran. Kyle reflects on the War in Afghanistan following the one-year anniversary of the U.S withdrawal. Having served in Afghanistan, Kyle discusses what it was like on the ground, noting the challenges of the U.S. mission in particular. He also highlights his personal experiences with Afghans to emphasize the strong relationship between U.S. troops and their Afghan counterparts, especially given the difficulty many Afghans have faced since the Taliban retook power. The conversation concludes with a discussion of the Afghan Adjustment Act and the Black Veterans Project.

CHIPS for America: Martijn Rasser talks the Chips and Science Act, Semiconductors, and Tech Supply Chains Aug 23, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and guest co-host Drisya Antose talk to Center for a New American Security's Martijn Rasser, Director of the Center's Technology and National Security program, about the recently signed CHIPS and Science ACT, dissecting what's in the bill and how it aims to bolster technological productivity in the United States. Martijn discusses the state of the semiconductor industry, and how U.S.-China tensions over Taiwan could threaten vital supply chains if semiconductor manufacturing is not significantly localized in the United States. We discuss broader technological supply chains and the R&D funding aspects of the CHIPS Act, in addition to how the legislation strengthens the tech ecosystem of Silicon Valley and beyond. We also take a peep at what our adversaries and allies are doing on this front as well.

Trump Fought the Law, But Will the Law Win?: The Mar-a-Lago Search with Kel McClanahan Aug 15, 2022

In this episode, Ryan is joined by Kel McClanahan, Executive Director of National Security Counselors and Adjunct Professor at GW Law. Kel, who is national security law expert, helps breakdown the FBI's Mar-a-Lago search and the types of documents and records they were seeking to recover. He also outlines the various statutes the Mr. Trump may have violated. Kel highlights he important distinction between classified documents and national defense information, which is why is does not necessary matter if they were declassified, as well as why then-Present Trump cannot issue a blanket declassification without proper procedures. The episode concludes with Kel's perspective on prosecution and why safeguarding national security information is so important.

Kleptocracy: Fighting Corruption at Home and Abroad with Paul Massaro Aug 08, 2022

In this episode, Ryan is joined by Paul Massaro, Senior Policy Advisor for the U.S. Helsinki Commission, to discuss kleptocracy, anti-corruption efforts, and Russia's War against Ukraine. They define corruption, why it impacts everyone, and how the West has been supporting corrupt autocrats for decades. Paul also outlines key legislation to fight corruption and how the U.S. and other countries can put forward stronger laws. The conversation concludes with Paul's assessment of the Russo-Ukrainian War and why it has ignited a new push to fight corruption.
To learn more about the topics discussed in this episode, check out these books recommend by Paul: The Dictator's Handbook: Why Bad Behavior is Almost Always Good Politics; Moneyland: The Inside Story of the Crooks and Kleptocrats Who Rule the World; Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice; and, American Kleptocracy: How the U.S. Created the World's Greatest Money Laundering Scheme in History.

Paul Massaro serves on the staff of the U.S. Helsinki commission. The views expressed here are his own and do not represent an official position of the U.S. government.

U.S. Strike Kills al Qaeda Leader in Afghanistan: Breaking Down the Operation and its Implications with Javed Ali, Fmr. NSC Senior Director for Counterterrorism Aug 02, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali to discuss the recent U.S. strike that killed AQ leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. Javed provides a background on Zawahiri and how he came to lead al Qaeda. The conversation then turns to the operation itself, noting the significance of Zawahiri being in Kabul, Afghanistan. Javed assesses the significance this strike may have on the terrorist organization and US-Taliban relations, as well as broader takeaways for US counterterrorism operations.

Sri Lanka's New President Ranil Wickremesinghe: The Burn Bag Looks Back on Our August 2021 Interview Jul 24, 2022

On July 21st, Ranil Wickremesinghe was sworn in as Sri Lanka's new president after the crisis-laden country's parliament elected him to finish up ousted Gotabaya Rajapaksa's term. A'ndre and Ryan look back at The Burn Bag's August 2021 interview with President Wickremesinghe, when he was the lone MP representing his political party, a year after his prior tenure as Prime Minister had ended. We profile the controversial new President, discussing the wily politician's lingering presence on Sri Lanka's political stage and a career filled with many highs and lows, highlighting attention to how Wickremesinghe managed to clinch the presidency despite being significantly unpopular with the Sri Lankan public and having no popular mandate.
The hosts then throw the program to Wickremesinghe's August 2021 interview, which took place during Sri Lanka's COVID lockdown last year. We believe that reflecting on the interview from nearly a year ago is invaluable in assessing how Sri Lanka's new president evaluates Sri Lanka's own political history. Key points that we recommend our audience pay attention to include Wickremesinghe's view on Sri Lanka's debt crisis, U.S.-China relations, and Sri Lanka's past civil conflict. Additionally, Wickremesinghe discusses the relationship between Sri Lanka's president and prime minister -- a relationship he often found himself at the losing end of in the past. Given Wickremesinghe's new executive powers and the protest movement's calls for significant political reform, it will be interesting for watchers to observe if Wickremesinghe's positioning changes.
You can listen to our miniseries, Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy here:
Episode 1: Journalist Uditha Jayasinghe on the State of Sri Lanka's Political and Economic Landscape
Episode 2: Former Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe on U.S.-China, Domestic Governance, and Political Turmoil
Episode 3: Tamil National Alliance MP Shanakiyan Rasamanickam on Post-War Reconciliation and Political Enfranchisement
Episode 4: State Minister of Regional Cooperation Tharaka Balasuriya on Economic Diplomacy, U.S.-China, and the UNHRC
Episode 5: Trade Expert Subhashini Abeysinghe on Sri Lanka's Debt Crisis and Economic Ties with China and the United States
Episode 6: (then)-U.S. Ambassador Alaina B. Teplitz on U.S.-Sri Lanka Relations
Additionally, you can listen to Dr. Sanjana Hattutowa's April 2022 assessment of Sri Lanka's political crisis and the #GoHomeGota protests here.

Inside Iran: Politics, Power, and People with Dr. Sanam Vakil Jul 18, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Dr. Sanam Vakil about Iran's history, politics, and regional security. Dr. Vakil, a Chatham House scholar, begins with an overview of Iran pre-Revolution and how the transition to an Islamic Republic has shaped the country since 1979. She also discusses the domestic politics and institutional structure of the country, noting critical centers of power, the ideological landscape, and potential successors to the Ayatollah. Dr. Vakil then delves into Iran's security services and how the country maintains regime stability at home and abroad. With President Biden's trip to the region, Dr. Vakil also provides her perspective on the nuclear talks with the United States before concluding with a frank analysis of how Iran's laws and policies, as well as international pressure against the regime, impact women in the country.
To learn more about Dr. Vakil and her work, please click here.

What in the World?: The Assassination of Shinzo Abe, Sri Lanka in Crisis, and Biden's Middle East Trip (07/14/22) Jul 14, 2022

We're back! In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan go around the world to catch-up on recent developments. They start with the political chaos in Sri Lanka and then move to the UK where the Conservative Party is holding elections for Boris Johnson's successor. Ryan and A'ndre also discuss last week's shocking assassination of former Japanese PM Shinzo Abe, noting his legacy both in Japan and throughout the international community. The episode concludes with an overview of President Biden's trip to the Middle East and an update on Russia's war against Ukraine.

Caught in a Cyber-War: Fmr. FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe on Bolstering Cyber-Resilience for Businesses and the Private Sector Jul 11, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe to discuss cyber vulnerabilities and solutions. As a cyber expert, Andrew helps us understand why state and non-state actors target the private sector and what the threat landscape looks like today. Andrew also discusses what businesses and individuals can do to better prepare for and defend against malign cyber action. In woking with companies to become more resilient, Andrew has adapted an intelligence community problem-solving model for the private sector and walks through each step. The conversation concludes with Andrew's assessment of how government and the private sector can work with one another to improve cybersecurity and ensure the American people are better protected.

Israel's Government Collapses: Crises, Coalitions, and Yet Another Election with Neri Zilber Jul 04, 2022

This week, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Israeli journalist Neri Zilber about why Israel is now facing its fifth general election in less than four years, as the coalition government led by unusual allies Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid collapsed amidst Benjamin Netanyahu's maneuvering to reclaim his old job as long-time prime minister. Neri takes us through the current underpinnings of Israel's political landscape, explaining how Bennett's right-wing party and Lapid's center-left party (in addition to several other parties) came to create a coalition in order to drive Netanyahu from power last year. Neri does discuss the other political and geopolitical issues that have dominated the coalition, including what Israeli-U.S. relations have looked over the past year with the Biden Administration.

The End of the World: Geopolitical Strategist Peter Zeihan on America's Retreat, China's Fall, and the Collapse of Globalization Jun 27, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to geopolitical strategist Peter Zeihan about the looming collapse of the world as we know it. With the United States backing away from its post-WWII role, Peter helps break down why the globalized world is on the precipice of rapid change. From demographic decline to the unviability of current economic models, Peter argues that supply chains will shorten, manufacturing hubs will shift, and disorder will prevail.
This conversation is based off of Peter's new book, The End of the World Is Just the Beginning: Mapping the Collapse of Globalization.

Who is Russia?: Identity, Nationalism, and Autocracy with Professor Yoshiko Herrera Jun 21, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre speaks to Professor Yoshiko Herrera about the Russian state, its people, and autocratic leader, Vladimir Putin. Professor Herrera begins by breaking down how she understands Russia and why it is not a democracy and how the turbulence of the 1990s helped cement Putin's power. She also addresses whether or not the Russian people prefer "strongman" leaders and how glimmers of democracy exist, particularly online. The conversation then moves to Russian identity and history, noting how Putin's revisionism has been used to justify authoritarianism at home and invasion abroad. The episode concludes with the Professor's analysis fo Russia's war against Ukraine, its costs, and what a post-Putin Russia may look like.

When the Revolving Door Hits: Fmr. FBI Senior Official Holden Triplett on Foreign Agents and Counterintelligence Jun 13, 2022

In this episode, Holden Triplett returns to talk to A'ndre and Ryan about foreign agents and counterintelligence. In the wake of the FBI and DoJ investigation into Brookings Institution President GEN (ret.) John Allen's alleged illegal lobbying for Qatar, Holden, who served in the FBI for over a decade, helps us break down the facts. GEN Allen's actions likely implicate the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) and, since violations of FARA have led to the prosecutions of high level political figures and business executives, Holden explains how the law works and how the FBI approaches investigations. Holden also discusses why governments target former senior US officials and how it implicates Corporate America. The conversation concludes with a run through of other pressing counterintelligence threats and how it impacts everyone, not just those working in and around government.

To the Seventh Floor: Fmr. CIA Director John Brennan on Counterterrorism, Innovation in Intelligence, and a Changing CIA Jun 06, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with John Brennan, the 5th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, about the national security landscape. The conversation begins with Director Brennan's story of joining the CIA in 1980, his expertise in counterterrorism, and what the CT threat matrix looks like today. They also discuss how the US pullback from the Middle East impacts operations in the region, as well as the Agency's reorientation towards nation-state threats. Director Brennan's tenure at CIA experienced the development and use of technological innovations, such as drones, and he breaks down how and why the United States deploys them. The episode concludes with a frank conversation about diversity and recruitment at the CIA, as well as what issue area should receive greater attention by the intelligence community.

The Law Enforcement Response to Uvalde May 30, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali, a former FBI and DHS senior official to discuss the mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas last week. The conversation begins with an overview of what occurred and the lapse in response. Javed then discusses how the U.S. government has worked with state and local officials since Columbine to improve training, resources, and coordination for such mass casualty events. They conclude with potential solutions and what options federal authorities have.

Afghanistan's Last Finance Minister: Khalid Payenda Reflects on Afghanistan's Fall, the Economy, and Taliban Rule May 23, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Khalid Payenda, the former Finance Minister of Afghanistan. Mr. Payenda, who served as Minister from January-August 2021, discusses his life, work in the Finance Ministry, and state of Afghanistan. Having fled to Pakistan as a child to flee civil war, Mr. Payenda recounts his experiences and his dedication to serving his country. The conversation then moves to his experiences with and perspectives on the U.S. intervention and difficulties of nation-building. Mr. Payenda also delves into Afghanistan's economy, noting the reliance on foreign aid. The conversation concludes with a frank discussion on life under Taliban rule and whether there should be any hope for the future.
For more information on Mr. Payenda and Afghanistan, please check out this story.

Standing with Ukraine: Polish Embassy DCM Adam Krzywosądzki on the Russo-Ukrainian War, European Security, and the Path Forward May 16, 2022

In this episode, Ryan talks with Adam Krzywosądzki, the Deputy Chief of Mission of the Embassy of Poland to the United States. They discuss the Polish perspective on Russia's war against Ukraine and why Poland has been such a steadfast supporter of Ukrainian sovereignty. Adam delves into the ways in which Poland and other NATO and EU countries are pushing back against Russian aggression, but also notes what else can be done. The conversation then turns to Ukraine's humanitarian crisis and how Poland has taken in and provided support to millions of refugees. While there does not seem to be an end in sight now, Adam points out what the international community can do to assist Ukraine, as well as how institutions such as NATO and the EU can play a decisive role.
To learn more about how to help Ukrainian refugees in Poland, please click here.

The Price of Dissent: Gulalai Ismail on Pakistan's Military Establishment, Women's Empowerment, and her Exile May 09, 2022

This week, A'ndre speaks with noted Pakistani human rights activist Gulalai Ismail on Pakistan's security forces and military power, her work on women's empowerment, and her exile from Pakistan. Gulalai, who managed to escape to the United States in 2019 after being placed on a "kill list", discusses her story, from founding Aware Girls at the age of 16 (an organization that trained thousands of young women including Malala Yousafzai) to speaking out against the military for crimes committed against the Pashtun people. Gulalai discusses the dominance of the Pakistani military, including how the military is the true holder of political power irregardless of which party or prime minister holds office, and she shares her thoughts on the recent ousting of former Prime Minister Imran Khan. Gulalai does also discuss her work on women's empowerment, discussing how so many young women in Pakistan have inspired her for fighting for peace and against forced marriages, honor killings, and other patriarchal constructs.

Special Release: Reporting on the President with AP Reporter and Former WHCA President Zeke Miller May 02, 2022

To celebrate the 2022 White House Correspondents' Dinner, we're re-releasing our conversation with Zeke Miller, AP reporter and former White House Correspondents' Association President. At this year's dinner, Zeke and his colleague Mike Balsamo won the Award for Excellence in Presidential News Coverage Under Deadline Pressure - Print for their story on the CDC mask order.
Here is the original description for this episode:
"On this special Presidents’ Day episode, A’ndre and Ryan talk with Zeke Miller, AP White House Reporter and White House Correspondents’ Assoc. President, about presidential reporting. They discuss the history of White House correspondents and the relationship between the President and the press. Zeke also discusses sourcing and the role of leaks. He shares his views on the public’s relationship with the press and how social media has impacted his job, in addition to providing some insights on how Presidents Obama, Trump, and Biden have interacted with the press."

What in the World?: Elon's Twitter Deal, the Russo-Ukrainian War, and Biden's "Ministry of Truth" Apr 30, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Elon Musk taking Twitter private and the potential implications at home and abroad. They also consider Musk's ties to China and whether concerns raised by some regarding possible Chinese Communist Party influence is valid. The conversation then moves to the controversy surrounding the new Disinformation Governance Board within DHS, which is being compared to 1984's "Ministry of Truth" by conservatives. The wrap with an update on the Russo-Ukrainian war and the challenges of the UN system.

India's 'Deep State': Investigative Journalist Josy Joseph on Illiberal Democracy and Corruption in India Apr 24, 2022

This week, A'ndre and Ryan speak with renowned investigative journalist Josy Joseph, founder of Confluence Media, on the state of India's democracy in a conversation covering corruption and India's security apparatus. The first leg of the interview draws on Josy's book Feast of Vultures, as he discusses 'middle-men' -- those who manipulate government decision-making and manage access to decision-makers -- at the center of corruption that has led to the success of big businesses and the criminal enterprise. The second leg of the interview touches on Josy's most recent book, The Silent Coup: A History of India's Deep State, as Josy outlines why India's non-military security apparatus (encompassing police and intelligence services) constitute the 'deep state', and have significantly threatened democracy as they operate under the willpower of 'political masters'. We close out the interview by comparing India's democratic status to two other 'illiberal' democracies in South Asia: Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

What in the World?: Ukraine's Eastern Flank, France Goes to the Polls, and Tensions Rise in Israel (04/23/22) Apr 23, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan began with an update on the Russo-Ukrainian War, the U.S. military assistance package and how India is playing both sides. They also discuss the French Presidential election and crisis in Sri Lanka. The conversation concludes with a brief conversation about the latest spike in Israeli-Palestinian tensions.

#GoHomeGota: Sri Lanka's Historic Mass Protests and a Ruling Family on the Brink with Dr. Sanjana Hattotuwa Apr 17, 2022

This week, A'ndre speaks with Dr. Sanjana Hattotuwa, a leading Sri Lankan researcher and citizens journalist, on the recent mass protests that have taken ahold across the island nation against the ruling Rajapaksa Family. Sanjana, who was the Founding Editor of Sri Lanka's first and only award winning citizens journalism website Groundviews, discusses why protests against the strongman President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and brother Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa have been mobilized amidst Sri Lanka' worst economic crisis. Sanjana digs into the atmosphere of fear that the Rajapaksa brothers had created throughout the country, and why the protests are truly unprecedented in their dismissal of that fear in addition to their wide-ranging, island -wide, cross-cutting demography. Sanjana, who is seen by many as the pre-eminent expert on social media's intersection with Sri Lankan politics, also provides his analysis on how social media has powered the protests, in addition to talking on why Sri Lanka has seen many of the negative repercussions of social media well before the United States had -- and why many in the West need to pay heed to these experiences.

Cyber-Threats at Home and Abroad: Russia's Cyber-Offensive, Disinformation, and Fighting Back with fmr. NSA General Counsel Glenn Gerstell Apr 11, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to former NSA General Counsel Glenn Gerstell about the cyber aspects of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The conversation begins with an overview of Russia's use of cyber against Ukraine and the likely ramp-up of cyber capabilities as the conflict continues. Glenn also discusses his assessment of potential cyberattacks against the U.S. and how the Biden Administration would respond. The conversation then delves into disinformation, why Glenn views it as the foremost national security threat, and how governments and the private sector can fight back.

Russia in Retreat?: Former DNI Jim Clapper on the Russo-Ukrainian War, Putin, and the U.S. Response Apr 04, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with LTG (ret.) Jim Clapper, former Director of National Intelligence (2010-2017). Director Clapper discusses his assessment of Russia's war against Ukraine, as well as how well the Biden Administration has responded. Director Clapper, a retired Air Force General, breaks down the Russian offensive and failure to gain air superiority. He also responds to the controversial U.S. intelligence disclosures and whether or not they have been effective. The conversation also covers Director Clapper's analysis of Putin, the possibility of a coup in Russia, and why this conflict is different than the one he dealt with in the Obama Administration in 2014.

"Slava Ukraini": Ukrainian Student Sofia Polishchuk on the Ukrainian Perspective Mar 30, 2022

In this special episode, A'ndre talks to Ukrainian student and Director of the Children of Ukraine Foundation, Sofia Polishchuk. Sofia shares her perspective and insights about Russia's war against Ukraine. The conversation discusses the situation on the ground, the diplomatic meetings in Istanbul, Ukraine's unlikely and incredible defense, and Russian propaganda.
To support the Ukrainian people, please check out the Children of Ukraine Foundation.

Fact or Fiction?: Former CIA Officer Jim Lawler on Nonproliferation, Chemical Weapons, and Counterintelligence Mar 28, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Jim Lawler, who served for 25 years as a CIA operations officer. The conversation begins with Jim's story of joining the CIA and how he found himself working on nonproliferation issues. Jim details how he and his team disrupted the A.Q. Khan network and the threats of state and non state actors. They also discuss Jim's novels, Living Lies and In the Twinkling of an Eye, as well as his forthcoming novel The Traitor’s Tale.

"First Casualty": The CIA's Secret Mission in Afghanistan After 9/11 with Author Toby Harnden Mar 21, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Toby Harnden about his new book, First Casualty: The Untold Story of the CIA Mission to Avenge 9/11. The conversation begins with Toby's inspiration to write about this incredible story, including his interactions with the former CIA officers on Team Alpha. They then discuss how the eight CIA officers on Team Alpha were dropped into the mountains of northern Afghanistan on October 17, 2001 to take down Al-Qaeda. Team Alpha, an eclectic band of linguists, tribal experts, and elite warriors, are the first Americans to operate inside Taliban territory and this episode digs into their backgrounds and experiences in Afghanistan, as well as looking at the Afghan leaders they interacted with on the ground.

The Psychology of Putin: A Conversation with Leadership Expert and former State Dept. Psychiatrist Dr. Ken Dekleva Mar 14, 2022

In this episode, Dr. Ken Dekleva returns for a conversation on Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Ken, who served as a Regional Medical Officer/Psychiatrist with the State Department, dissects Vladimir Putin's formative experiences and core characteristics, as well as Putin's inner circle. Dr. Dekleva digs into what he sees as happening with Putin’s leadership during the Ukraine-Russia War, and provides his input on why he doesn’t think Putin “has lost it”. He also discusses his assessment of other world leaders involved with the conflict, including Ukrainian President Zelenskyy.
You can listen to Dr. Dekleva’s episode on leadership profiles here.

The United States of Anonymous: Professor Jeff Kosseff on the First Amendment, Social Media, and the Future of Online Speech Mar 07, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre talks to Jeff Kosseff, Associate Professor of Cybersecurity Law at the US Naval Academy, about his forthcoming book, The United States of Anonymous: How the First Amendment Shaped Online Speech.Professor Kosseff discusses how the right to anonymity has shaped American values, politics, business, security, and discourse, particularly as technology has enabled people to separate their identities from their communications.

Ukraine Under Attack: Fmr. NSA Director/CYBERCOM Commander Admiral Mike Rogers on the Cyber Front Feb 28, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Admiral (Ret.) Mike Rogers about the cyber aspects of Russia's war against Ukraine. Admiral Rogers, who served as NSA Director and CYBERCOM Commander (2014-2018), breaks down Russia's cyber capabilities, how Ukraine can defend itself, and the potential implications of NATO involvement in cyberspace. Admiral Rogers points to Russia's NotPetya cyberattack that crippled Ukraine in 2017 as a baseline to understand what we may see. He also discusses vulnerabilities both within Ukraine and the United States and delves into the importance of information operations during the present conflict.

What in the World?: Ukraine Under Attack (02/25/22) Feb 25, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss Russia's invasion of Ukraine. They breakdown where analysts (and Ryan) went wrong, how the offensive has unfolded, and what the next days and weeks may look like.
Please check out these Twitter accounts to stay up-to-date on the war:
Rob Lee
Micheal Kofman
Christopher Miller
Illia Ponomarenko
Neil Hauer

Inside the IC: Classification, Whistleblowing, and Oversight with Former ODNI General Counsel Jason Klitenic Feb 21, 2022

In this episode, Ryan is joined by former ODNI General Counsel Jason Klitenic. Jason begins by providing an overview of his career, noting why he joined the US government and what is was like working to stand up DHS after 9/11. He then discusses the structure of the ODNI and how the interagency process works in practice. Jason, who served as a senior official and counsel to the DNI, talks about what it was like to work as the top lawyer for the IC as well as the classification and declassification processes, clearances, and oversight. The conversation concludes with Jason's thoughts about intelligence sharing, civil liberties, and emerging threats.

2022 Olympics Special: The War on the Uyghurs with Professor Sean Roberts Feb 14, 2022

With all eyes on China for the 2022 Beijing Olympics, we decided to rerelease our conversation with Professor Sean Roberts on the Uyghur cultural genocide. This episode, originally published in November 2020, discusses the history of the Uyghurs, how China came to view them as a threat, and what the international community can do to stop this cultural genocide. Our conversation is based on Professor Roberts' book, The War on the Uyghurs: China's Internal Campaign against a Muslim Minority.

What in the World?: US Intel Says Russia Will Invade, Biden Releases Afghanistan Aid, and a Hijab Ban in India (02/11/22) Feb 11, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan react to reports that US intelligence belie Putin has decided to invade Ukraine. They also discuss the use of seized Afghan Central Bank funds for humanitarian aid and a 9/11 victim fund, the banning of the hijab in an Indian state, and the Canadian trucker protest.

Not a Failure of Imagination: COVID-19's Lessons Learned with Johns Hopkins Professor Gigi Gronvall Feb 07, 2022

This week, we speak with Johns Hopkins Professor Gigi Gronvall, a leading biosecurity expert who has tracked and monitored the scientific response to COVID-19, in addition to having served on and led varying government sponsored committees/groups advising the Defense Department on varying global health issues. Professor Gronvall discusses the response to COVID-19, asserting that the now years-long crisis isn't a failure of the imagination -- but rather a problem of attention and funding. Professor Gronvall compares the U.S. response to the pandemic to that of other countries, while also dispelling common myths about the virus. Professor Gronvall provides her take on the misinformation that has circulated around the pandemic, talks about the pandemic's uncertain origins, and what future concerns for further mutations currently look like. We also evaluate China's Zero-COVID policy, in addition to framing COVID-19 as a national security issue, applying some of the lessons learned to future preparation for both pandemics and purposeful biowarfare.
Here is Professor Gronvall's paper on the origin of SARS-CoV-2.

What in the World?: US-led Operation Kills ISIS Leader, Russian Tactics Unveiled, and Xi Jinping's Olympics (02/04/22) Feb 04, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan breakdown the US-led operation in Syria that killed the leader of ISIS with Javed Ali. They also discuss how the US release of a Russian false flag plans impacts the current crisis and delegitimizes any Russian claims of defense. The conversation ends with an update on British PM Johnson and the kickoff of the Beijing Olympics.

The Edge of War: Will Russia Invade Ukraine (Again) with Former Ambassador Ian Kelly Jan 31, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with former U.S. Ambassador to OSCE Ian Kelly on the question of whether Russia will invade Ukraine. Ambassador Kelly, who also served as chief diplomat to Georgia, discusses the 2008 Russo-Georgian War and Russia's perspective on NATO expansion. Ambassador Kelly also covers the War in Ukraine's Donbas and speaks on the Russian-backed separatists there, and discusses the OSCE process (the OSCE being the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, an intergovernmental body) with Ukraine. The Ambassador provides his perspective on the question of whether Russia will invade, and gives his take on if the Biden Administration's response has been satisfactory.

Snap Podcast: Dissecting the Russia/Ukraine Crisis Jan 26, 2022

In our very first snap podcast, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by special guests Tyler Breeden and Theodore Tymowski. They begin by providing an update on the current situation and a brief overview. The conversation then delves into why Russia is so fixated on Ukraine, what the force posture looks like, and if an invasion is imminent. The group outlines individual projections on if and how an invasion could unfold before discussing deterrent mechanisms.
To learn more, check out these sources:
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/us-seeks-protect-europes-energy-supplies-if-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-01-25/
https://www.wsj.com/articles/pentagon-places-hundreds-of-troops-on-standby-for-deployment-to-eastern-europe-in-standoff-with-russia-11643051349

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/24/ukraine-eu-us-embassy-russia/

https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/01/21/russia-sanctions-stop-putin-energy-markets-us-invasion-527524

https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/01/moscows-compellence-strategy/

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2021-12-28/what-putin-really-wants-ukraine

https://warsawinstitute.org/occupied-donbas-stronghold-russian-military/

https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1498.html

"Damascus Station": Former CIA Analyst David McCloskey on his Spy Novel set in Syria's Civil War Jan 24, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan sit down with former CIA Analyst David McCloskey to talk about his new spy thriller novel, Damascus Station. Set in the backdrop of the early years of the Syrian Civil War, Damascus Station depicts the conflict through the eyes of CIA Case Officer Sam Joseph and Syrian Palace Official Mariam Haddad. Sam recruits Mariam for CIA, but the two fall in love, complicating matters as the U.S. Governments tries to find answers about the whereabouts of a missing CIA agent, believed to be held captive by the Syrian Government. David discusses his writing style and why he chose to depict the Syrian Civil War through a work of fiction, in addition to talking about his portrayal of characters within both the U.S. and Syrian Governments. David also provides us with a broad overview of the Syrian conflict and the incumbent Assad regime, contextualizing the story in his book.

What in the World?: Biden's Ukraine Flub, an Interim Havana Syndrome Report, and the Houthis Attack Abu Dhabi (01/21/22) Jan 21, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan provide an update on the Russia/Ukraine crisis, predict Boris Johnson's fate, and dig into the CIA's interim Havana Syndrome report. They also discuss the tragic volcano eruption in Tonga, North Korea's renewed antics, and the likely designation of the Houthis as a terrorist organization.

Top Risks 2022: Ian Bremmer, President of the Eurasia Group, Forecasts New Year's Biggest Political Risks Jan 17, 2022

In this week's episode, we speak with Eurasia Group President Ian Bremmer about 2022's top political risks, in a conversation based off the Eurasia Group's latest annual report. Ian starts off with why he believes fatal flaws in China's 'Zero-COVID' policy are the #1 risk, as Xi Jinping will find it next to impossible to reverse course and global economic disruptions and subsequent political turmoil will ensue. We also discuss risks oriented around the lack of global leadership both in the digital space and in physical conflict zones throughout the world, as neither the United States nor China appear to be willing to engage. Ian spends some time discussing why he believes the U.S. Midterm Elections present themselves as the third biggest risk, while also covering why the often under-appreciated political situation in Erdogan's Turkey can lead to regional instability. Ian also expresses optimism on the global push to combat climate change, and does talk about the threat of a Russian invasion of Ukraine.

What in the World?: Ain't No Party like a Boris Johnson Party, US-Russia Talks Disappoint, and North Korea's Missile Launch (01/14/22) Jan 14, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the political implications of two crises in the UK. Boris Johnson is in hot water for throwing a party amidst strict public health orders and Prince Andrew has been stripped of his Royal titles as the sex abuse case against him continues in the US. They also discuss recent developments (or lack thereof) in US-Russia talks over Ukraine and the situation in Kazakhstan following the Russia-led stability operation.

Terrorism at Home and Abroad: Former NSC Senior Director Javed Ali on the Counterterrorism Landscape Jan 10, 2022

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Javed Ali about the counterterrorism landscape for 2022. Javed, who spent his career in a variety of US government agencies working on counterterrorism, outlines the differences between domestic and international terrorism, and the difficulty of legislating the former. Javed served as Senior Director of Counterterrorism on the National Security Council between 2017 and 2018, discusses the U.S. Government's approach towards the issue and how even as we focus on domestic terrorism, we shouldn't lose sight of the threats of international terrorism and jihadist movements.
You find more of Javed's work here: https://fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/javed-ali

What in the World?: The One-Year Anniversary of January 6, an Uprising in Kazakhstan, and Novak Djokovic's Visa Problem Jan 07, 2022

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the January 6 insurrection on the one-year anniversary. They also talk about the Kazakh government calling in foreign military assistance, China's COVID lockdown, and Australian restrictions that are impacting the Australian Open.

Best of 2021: Former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta Jan 03, 2022

What a year 2021 has been both for the world and the Burn Bag Podcast! We're re-upping one of our favorite episodes to usher in 2022. Check out A'ndre and Ryan's conversation with former SECDEF Leon Panetta from June.
"In this special episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we speak to former U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta (2011-2013) about a range of national security 'flashpoints' that stand to affect the United States and the Biden Administration in the coming years. Secretary Panetta, who oversaw the Bin Laden Raid as CIA Director, reacts to President Biden's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan, while also discussing a potentially new Iran Nuclear Deal. The Secretary also discusses his view on the threats facing NATO and why President Biden needs to draw 'clear lines' when dealing with Putin's Russia.
We revisit Secretary Panetta's service in the Obama Administration in contextualizing the current state of Chinese assertion in the Indo-Pacific, and Secretary Panetta recounts his meeting with Xi Jinping almost a decade ago. Secretary Panetta uses that story to outline how the United States needs to engage multilaterally while also bolstering its military capabilities to meet the challenge of China. Secretary Panetta also discusses the emergent, if not current, threat posed by cyber-warfare, and how the U.S. military needs to adapt to meet the dangers posed by the newest domain of warfare. We close out the conversation with a brief discussion on the defense budget -- a topic Secretary Panetta is intimately familiar with, not only because of his time as Secretary of Defense, but also due to his former position as Director of the OMB and as Chairman of the House Budget Committee.
Secretary Panetta co-founded the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, and is the author of Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace, his New York Times best-selling auto-biography."

Will There Be War?: Former US Ambassador to Ukraine Steve Pifer on Russia's Troop Buildup, Vladimir Putin, and How the West Can Respond Dec 27, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Steven Pifer, former US Amb. to Ukraine and a career foreign service officer. Steve begins by contextualizing the current Russian esclaation, providing a brief history of Ukraine. He highlights the centrality of Kyiv to Russia's identity and what the Ukraine-Russia relationship has looked like over time. The conversation then turns to Russia's foreign policy and why Putin is particularly fixated on Ukraine. Steve provides his assessment of whether a Russian invasion is imminent and outlines a variety of tools the US and its allies can use to deter the Kremlin.
To learn more about Ukraine and Amb. Pifer's experiences, check out his book, The Eagle and the Trident: U.S.-Ukraine Relations in Turbulent Times.

What in the World?: Putin's Christmas List, Omicron Update, and Only Good Book Reviews for Xi (12/24/21) Dec 24, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Russian demands for security guarantees and Putin's politicization of Orthodoxy. They also discuss Chinese arms cooperation with Saudi Arabia, Israel-US talks about Iran, and Trump's Bibi betrayal.

Stories of Spycraft: Former CIA Chief of Station John Sipher on Russia, Clandestine Services, and the Silver Screen Dec 20, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with John Sipher, who served in the CIA's Clandestine Service for over 28 years (retiring in 2014) and did multiple overseas tours as Chief of Station and Deputy Chief of Station. John discusses the myth and realities of what the Chief of Station role is actually like, and why it's not as secretive as one would anticipate. We spend a bulk of the interview focusing in on the Russia-Ukraine situation, getting John's views on whether a Russia invasion is likely and what Vladimir Putin's end goals actually are. John highlights why Ukraine's security is vital to the United States, and provides some ideas on what the United States can do to ward off Russia from Ukraine. John, who is the co-founder of Spycraft Entertainment, also talks about translating stories of espionage onto the silver screen, and shares some information on upcoming projects.

What in the World?: Russia's Big Ask, Troubles for Boris, and Some Not So Foreign Policy Issues (12/17/21) Dec 17, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Russian demands for NATO security assurances and Boris Johnson's political challenges. They also discuss issues such as the Democrat Party's communications failures and unpaid internships in DC.

'The Recruiter': Life as an Operations Officer and How the Global War on Terror Changed the CIA with Douglas London Dec 13, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by former CIA Senior Operations Officer Douglas London. Doug, who spent much of his career recruiting assets abroad, discusses the nature of the job and its difficulties. He then describes the CIA's transition from a primarily foreign intelligence-gathering service to counterterrorism operations after 9/11, in addition to the politicization of intelligence. Doug shares his criticisms of this shift but also commends recent actions by the CIA to manage the threats of China, technology, and climate change. Doug also offers his view on the importance of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and how the CIA has prioritized this in recent years.
Today's conversation was based on Doug's recent book, The Recruiter: Spying and the Lost Art of American Intelligence.

What in the World?: All Eyes on Ukraine, Olympic Boycotts, and a Tribute to Bob Dole (12/10/21) Dec 10, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about a potential Russian invasion of Ukraine, Biden's democracy summit, and increasing diplomatic boycotts of the Winter Olympics. They also discuss nuclear negotiations with Iran and are joined by Ronald Marks, former CIA official and Congressional staffer, who discusses his personal and work relationships with the late Bob Dole.

Postlude to Afghanistan: Former Biden Deputy Homeland Security Advisor Russ Travers on Counterterrorism, SIVs, and Future Threats Dec 06, 2021

This week, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Russ Travers, former Deputy Homeland Security Advisor to President Biden, about the Afghanistan withdrawal, the Special Immigrant Visa program, and future counterterrorism challenges. Russ, who also served as Acting Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, provides his take on the nature of the terror threat today, and how we have to think through the evolution of terrorism today. We also discuss the national security community's "whole of government deficit" -- highlighting how we can address emerging threats that transcend responsibilities of multiple agencies within the government. We then turn to Afghanistan, where Russ responds to criticisms levied against the Biden Administration's handling of the situation, stating that there "were no good options," and why even though he initially supported staying in he acknowledges the dangers of a maintained troop presence there. We spend time discussing the Special Immigrant Visa program with Russ, a program he oversaw as it pertained to the Afghan evacuation, and how resettlement has proceeded. The conversation closes out with Russ' thoughts on greatest future threats -- particularly threats from within.

What in the World?: Omicron Variant, China's Repression of a Tennis Star, and Sanctions Hit Belarus(12/03/21) Dec 03, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Omicron COVID variant and Germany's restrictions, INTERPOL's new head, and situation in Belarus. They also talk about an op-ed written by the Russian and Chinese Ambassadors to the US, China's political repressions, and Representative Boebert's comments about Representative Omar.
BBC interview with Bealrus's Lukashenka.

Losing Our Edge? Michèle Flournoy Talks U.S.-China, Taiwan, and Efficient Defense Nov 29, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Michèle Flournoy, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy during the Obama Administration, on U.S.-China strategic competition, the Taiwan question, and enhancing defense capabilities without a budget increase. We get Michèle's take on the state of the Biden Administration's defense policy, asking her whether the Afghanistan withdrawal and the AUKUS submarine deal has dented U.S. credibility at a perilous time in great power competition. Michèle then discusses U.S.-China competition, assessing Indo-Pacific strategy, the Quad, and Xi Jinping's own leadership style. We spend a great deal of the conversation focusing in on Taiwan -- the realities of China's approach towards Taiwan, whether strategic ambiguity is ending, the state of U.S. military support for Taiwan, and why the U.S. risks losing its edge to China in tech capabilities. Michèle, who co-founded WestExec Advisors and the Center for a New American Security, closes out the conversation with a discussion on defense innovation and fostering technological advances in our security capabilities -- and why we can do that without another defense budget increase.

What in the World? Biden's Summit of Democracy, Ethiopia's War on Tigray, and the Fate of Ukraine (11/26/21) Nov 26, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Biden Administration's Summit of Democracy, German Chancellor-designate Olaf Scholz and what changes may be afoot, and the tapping of strategic oil reserves. They also talk about the increasing threat of a Russian invasion of Ukraine's and the civil conflict in Ethiopia.

Risk: General Stanley McChrystal Applies the Guidebook to Afghanistan Nov 22, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak to retired Four Star General Stanley McChrystal about his new book Risk: A User's Guide, applying the principles of risk management to the War in Afghanistan -- a situation the General is very familiar with. We ask General McChrystal to discuss what he defines as the 'Risk Immune System', and to explain the 'Risk Control Factors' that he outlines in the book. General McChrystal, famed for creating a comprehensive counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan, applies those Risk Control Factors to the situation in Afghanistan, talking about how factors such as narrative, bias, leadership, why we shouldn't fall for the 'Myth of Helplessness' in assessing our performance and failures in Afghanistan. General McChrystal also touches on the issue of diversity -- not necessarily simply diversity in identity, but rather diversity of thought, experience, perspectives, skillsets, and expertise -- and why the U.S. Government and U.S. military were not using diversity on the battlefield. The retired General is also candid about his own successes and failures during his service in Afghanistan, while also offering thoughts on solutions for better risk management -- and whether it was ever too late to apply these solutions to Afghanistan.
You can check out General McChrystal's new book Risk: A User's Guide here.

What in the World?: China's Secret Port, Putin and Lukashenka Create a Border Crisis, and a Cover Up Comes to Light (11/20/21) Nov 20, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Biden-Xi meeting, the construction of China's secret port in the UAE, and Indian President Modi's decision to repeal the farm laws. They also talk about the " migrant crisis" at the Poland-Belarus and a recently uncovered U.S. strike in Syria.

Winning the Ideological War: Farah Pandith, Former Special Rep. to Muslim Communities, on Countering Violent Extremism Nov 15, 2021

This week, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Farah Pandith, the first-ever Special Representative to Muslim Communities for the State Department, on countering violent extremism. Farah, who has served under three U.S. Presidents, discusses her engagement with Muslim communities around the world during her time at both the National Security Council and the State Department. She emphasizes the importance of soft power in thwarting the incubation of ideological extremism and terrorism, and identifies her approach with Muslim communities in Western Europe during the early-to-mid 2000s in the aftermath of the Danish Cartoon Scandal. Farah outlines why questions around "identity" were so important in understanding how Muslims were perceiving themselves in their countries, and is candid about how she saw and currently sees the U.S. Government's outreach to the global Muslim community since 9/11. Lastly, Farah offers her honest thoughts on how she sees diversity in U.S. national security circles, reflecting on issues she faced throughout her career, and stating that the U.S. has a long way to go.
Farah is the author of How We Win: How Cutting-Edge Entrepreneurs, Political Visionaries, Enlightened Business Leaders, and Social Media Mavens Can Defeat the Extremist Threat.

What in the World?: Bolsonaro is a "Liberal", Russian Provocations, and Iraq's PM Survives an Assassination Attempt Nov 12, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Russian troop movements on the Ukraine border, the civil conflict in Ethiopia, and the assassination attempt against the Iraqi PM. They also discuss COVID waves, COP26, and Xi Jinping's cementing of power.

Former CIA Director General David Petraeus on the Fall of Afghanistan Nov 08, 2021

This week, A'ndre and Ryan speak with former CIA Director General (Ret.) David Petraeus about his thoughts on the Fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban, as the retired general reflects on the mistakes made during the withdrawal and throughout the broader 20 year war. General Petraeus, who famously served as Commander of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan, outlines why Afghanistan is and will become a 'humanitarian catastrophe' under Taliban rule. Criticizing the idea that the Afghan Army was not 'willing' to fight, Petraeus asserts that the pull-out of contractors, reliance on U.S.-based materials and equipment, and the simultaneous Taliban attacks country-wide led to a psychological collapse of the Afghan Army. Petraeus, who served as CIA Director in the early 2010s, discusses how the U.S. 'overbuilt' Afghan security forces, and whether the U.S. Armed Forces were attuned with the cultural and societal intricacies of Afghanistan. We close out the conversation with the General's thoughts on public opinion towards the Afghanistan War, ending 'endless' wars, and how we can help the Afghans who helped us.
Check out No One Left Behind and their important work here: https://nooneleft.org/

She Warned Us: Intelligence Analyst Gina Bennett on her 1993 bin Laden Report and the Rise of Al Qaeda and Jihadi Terrorism Nov 01, 2021

In this week's episode, we interview Gina Bennett, a senior intelligence analyst who has spent her career focusing on counterterrorism with the CIA's Senior Analytic Service, and is most well known for authoring the 1993 report that warned about the growing danger of Osama bin Laden and his jihadi movement. Gina discusses the warning signs she saw in her analysis that pointed to the growing prominence of bin Laden in the 1990s in the immediate post-Soviet era, and outlines why those warnings were largely neglected. Gina, who was at CIA HQ on 9/11, reflects on the days leading up to the attacks, and provides her take on bin Laden's leadership style and why al Qaeda has been so adaptable. She also outlines why the 'root causes' of terrorism are what sustain terrorism, despite whatever leadership may exist, and how al Qaeda was able to spread its ideology so easily. We close out the conversation with a discussion on diversity in the CIA and the broader Intelligence Community. Gina, who authored the book National Security Mom and is involved with the organization Girl Security, talks about how her skillsets as a mother and as a woman have colored her analysis, and why empowering different types of thinking is crucial to national security, but not present in current policy and political circles.

What in the World?: China's New Weapon, Sudan's Coup, and Erdogan's Diplomatic Debacle (11/29/21) Oct 29, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss China's testing of hypersonic missiles, IC officials testifying on the Hill, and India's acquisition of a Russian missile. defense system. They also talk about the coup in Sudan, President Erdogan's threats to foreign diplomats, and Russia's struggle to manage COVID.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? U.S. Ambassador Alaina B. Teplitz on U.S.-Sri Lanka Relations Oct 24, 2021

In the sixth and final episode of our miniseries Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy, A'ndre interviews outgoing U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka Alaina B. Teplitz to get her perspective on the state of U.S.-Sri Lanka relations in the midst of Sri Lanka's tightening relationship with China. Ambassador Teplitz, who is wrapping up her time in Sri Lanka after serving since 2018, speaks frankly on the 'issues' that both countries need to work through, the 'ups' and 'downs' since the end of the Civil War in 2009, and relations with the Governments led by Mahinda and Gotabaya Rajapaksa. The Ambassador refutes certain claims about the Millennium Challenge Corporation agreement (MCC) that the incumbent Sri Lankan Government declined, stating that even the prior Rajapaksa Government had sought out grants associated with the MCC -- calling the failure of the most recent agreement "very disappointing". Ambassador Teplitz also discusses the difference between U.S. and Chinese aid, why U.S. aid isn't "conditions-based", and why some Chinese investments do give the U.S. Government pause over Sri Lanka's sovereignty. A'ndre closes out the conversation with questions on the U.S. promotion of accountability for controversies around Sri Lanka's Civil War, Sri Lanka's economy and potential IMF intervention, and COVID-aid.

What in the World?: Smackdown in Saudi Arabia and Russia Says Nyet to NATO (10/22/21) Oct 22, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the migrant crisis at the southern border, the murder of British MP David Amess, and Saif Gaddafi's potential power play in Libya. They also break down the looming closure of Russia's mission to NATO and trouble at home for Jair Bolsonaro.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? Trade Expert Subhashini Abeysinghe on Sri Lanka's Debt Crisis and Economic Ties with China and the United States Oct 18, 2021

In the latest episode of Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? A'ndre speaks with Subhashini Abeysinghe, a prominent Sri Lankan economist who works on international trade issues with Verité Research, about the state of Sri Lanka's economy and the nature of its debt crisis. Subhashini has been working on a data-driven analysis of China's economic engagement in Sri Lanka, and in this episode provides a more objective and nuanced take on Sri Lanka-China relations in contrast to some of the more political voices we've heard over the course of this miniseries. Subhashini takes the time to distinguish between Chinese loans and Chinese investments, and talks about how each form of engagement has presented itself in Sri Lanka's economy. She takes us through some of the economic projects that have made the news recently, such as Hambantota Port and the Colombo Port City, and also credits the current debt crisis to mismanagement by successive governments in Sri Lanka. We also dig into U.S. economic engagement in Sri Lanka, and what that has looked like as well.

What in the World?: Demand without Supply (Chain) and Peanut Butter Espionage (10/14/21) Oct 15, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss global supply chain challenges and how its impacting vaccination distribution. They also cover the violence in Lebanon, parliamentary elections in Iraq, and U.S. military advisors in Taiwan.

After the Pivot: Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Mick Mulroy on U.S. Middle East Policy Oct 11, 2021

A'ndre and Ryan interview Mick Mulroy, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East (2017-2019), to get his take on U.S. Middle East policy in the aftermath of Afghanistan. Mick, whose time as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense required that he oversee Middle Eastern policy for the Defense Department, discusses why he was in favor of maintaining a residual force in Afghanistan and elaborates on the consequences for U.S. security policy in the broader region and for counterterrorism purposes. Mick does outline why he is confident in the United States' ability to manage Middle Eastern policy in light of the 'Pivot to Asia', and digs into his views on the Yemen Civil War and Saudi involvement with it. We also dive a bit into Mick's service as a CIA Paramilitary Operations Officer and what that work in conflict zones entailed, and we highlight Mick's current work with the Lobo Institute and his advocacy on the issue of ending child soldiering.

What in the World?: Biden’s Honeymoon is Over, Missing Xboxes and Waffles, and Pandora Paper Secrets (10/08/21) Oct 08, 2021

In this week’s episode, A’ndre and Ryan do a deep dive on President Biden’s sinking approval rating, tying in several foreign policy crises that have contributed to the President’s diminished stature. They also talk about the massive backlog in shipments to the United States as hundreds of thousands of shipping containers wait weeks to enter the Port of Los Angeles resulting in high prices and retail shortages. Our hosts do discuss the Pandora Papers, speculate about why some American conservatives love democratic backsliders in Europe, and the recent news that the CIA is losing foreign agents.

The Opening of the American Mind: Dr. George Will on a Conservative Foreign Policy Oct 04, 2021

In the second installment of The Opening of the American Mind, A'ndre and Ryan speak with George Will, Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist and author, on what it means to practice a 'conservative' foreign policy. Dr. Will, who has published a twice-weekly column in The Washington Post since 1974, provides his definition of what it means to be conservative, discussing the intellectual conservative movement that prospered in the post-war era. He then goes into his views on what a conservative foreign policy actually means, why Reagan and Eisenhower were exemplars of it, and why Donald Trump was not, in his view, conservative. Distinguishing between conservatism and neoconservatism, Dr. Will discusses why he believes liberal internationalism is 'armed humanitarianism', and the mistakes made in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the broader Middle East. Touching on recent events in the news, Dr. Will talks the U.S.-China rivalry, and his thoughts on the Intelligence Community and the equation of whether security trumps freedoms. We close out the conservation with a short conversation on Dr. Will's new book, American Happiness and Discontents: The Unruly Torrent, 2008-2020, and why Dr. Will abhors denim. Yes, denim.

What in the World?: The Generals Take the Hill, Germany Looks Left, and Pompeo's Assange Plot (10/01/21) Oct 01, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the Afghanistan hearing on Capitol Hill and Senator Blumenthal's deep interest in "finstas". They also discuss the outcome of Germany's parliamentary elections and the likely coalition to follow, as well as then-CIA Director Mike Pompeo's plot against Julian Assange.

The Opening of the American Mind: Professor Robert Pape on Political Violence and Radicalization Sep 27, 2021

A'ndre and Ryan speak with University of Chicago Professor Robert Pape on political violence and radicalization, in the first episode of a new special series, The Opening of the American Mind, where The Burn Bag will interview leading scholars and thinkers on the the deep-rooted trends underlying contemporary foreign policy and national security issues, in an accessible, intellectual conversation. Professor Pape discusses radicalization in the context of foreign terror groups, drawing on pioneering work that has centered around suicide terrorism. Professor Pape disputes the idea that religion is the prime motivator for suicide terrorism -- rather, these roots are in nationalism and a response to foreign 'occupation'. Professor Pape, who recently published significant findings with UChicago's CPOST on 'who' the January 6th insurrectionists are, discusses why many of those who participated in the Capitol Riots came from Biden counties, and why their motivation may be rooted in the 'great replacement' theory.
Professor Pape's recent article in The Conversation can be found here.

What in the World?: Fun at the UN, the Quad Takes DC, and Too Many Elections to Cover (09/24/21) Sep 24, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan breakdown the major UN General Assembly speeches, assess the British PM's meeting with Biden, and foreshadow the Quad meeting in Washington, DC. They also discuss the outcome of the Canadian snap and Russian parliamentary elections, and give a final rundown before Germans head to polls to decide who will succeed Angela Merkel.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? State Minister of Regional Cooperation Tharaka Balasuriya on Economic Diplomacy, U.S.-China, and the UNHRC Sep 21, 2021

In the fourth installment of our miniseries "Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy?", we interview incumbent State Minister of Regional Cooperation Tharaka Balasuriya to get the Government's take on economic diplomacy, U.S.-China, and the response to the United Nations Human Rights Council initiatives against Sri Lanka. Mr. Balasuriya, whose role is new and similar to that of a Deputy Foreign Minister with a regional focus, gives his take on the state of Sri Lankan foreign policy under the Rajapaksa Government, first discussing Sri Lanka's regional relations, highlighting ties with India. The State Minister disputes the notion that the Rajapaksa Government is 'pro-China', blames the previous government for the 99-year lease on the Hambantota Port, but does assert that China has been helpful to Sri Lanka's economic priorities. Balasuriya outlines why the Sri Lankan Government rejected the U.S. Millennium Challenge Compact (a proposed deal which was the subject of a visit to Sri Lanka by former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo a week before the 2020 Presidential Election), while asserting that U.S.-Sri Lankan relations are good, and asserting that Sri Lanka wants to maintain geopolitical neutrality. The State Minister rounds out the conversation with his response to initiatives by the United Nations Human Rights Council that have sought to bring about accountability with regards to the controversial ending of the Sri Lankan Civil War -- initiatives which were rejected on the day of our interview by Sri Lankan Foreign Minister G. L. Peiris, Mr. Balasuriya's immediate superior.
While Mr. Balasuriya provides the Government's perspective on these key foreign policy issues, you can hear from other voices in the miniseries (and also hear A'ndre and Ryan's reactions to the interviews) via the links below:
Episode 1: Journalist Uditha Jayasinghe on the State of Sri Lanka's Political and Economic Landscape
Episode 2: Former Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe on U.S.-China, Domestic Governance, and Political Turmoil
Episode 3: Tamil National Alliance MP Shanakiyan Rasamanickam on Post-War Reconciliation and Political Enfranchisement
Episode 4: State Minister of Regional Cooperation Tharaka Balasuriya on Economic Diplomacy, U.S.-China, and the UNHRC

"Clarity in the Shadows": Former CIA Officer Marc Polymeropoulos on Afghanistan, Havana Syndrome, and "Clarity in Crisis" Sep 20, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with retired CIA Officer Marc Polymeropoulos on the Afghanistan withdrawal, his personal experience with the mysterious Havana Syndrome, and his new book Clarity in Crisis. Marc, who served as the Head of Clandestine Operations in Europe and Eurasia, discusses the need for the United States to get its local allies out of Afghanistan and the future of counterterrorism strategy without certain intelligence capabilities on the ground. Marc criticizes both the Trump and Biden Administration for their actions in the waning days of the Afghanistan War and outlines what they could've done differently. Marc goes on to discuss a bit about his career in the CIA, and details his painful experience with the Havana Syndrome, which he contracted in Moscow, Russia, and that ultimately led to his retirement from the CIA. Lastly, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Marc about his new book, Clarity in Crisis: Leadership Lessons from the CIA, sketching out a unique leadership style honed from principles garnered through his service in the CIA.

What in the World?: Nicki v. Boris, Scandal at the World Bank, and Australia Goes Nuclear (09/17/21) Sep 17, 2021

In this week’s episode of What in the World, A’ndre and Ryan dissect the biggest global news story of the week: Nicki Minaj and the controversy around her cousin’s friend, a story that’s elicited reactions from the White House and UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
All kidding aside, A’ndre and Ryan react to the announcement that the U.S. will provide Australia with nuclear powered submarines, a decision which has upset France. They also provide the latest news from Afghanistan, France’s killing of a prominent Sahara ISIS leader, and a scandal around a new World Bank report. The two also assess the recent revelations about General Mark Milley and former President Trump, as reported by Bob Woodward and Robert Costa.

9/11, Twenty Years On: A'ndre, Ryan, and Javed Reflect Sep 13, 2021

In this week's episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre, Ryan, and Javed Ali (former NSC Senior Director of Counterterrorism) reflect on the twentieth anniversary of the September 11th Attacks. Javed recounts his experience of being in Washington D.C. on the day of the attacks, having driven past the Pentagon shortly before it was hit, and shares how those tragic events shaped his own career in national security and counterterrorism. A'ndre and Ryan both share their own perspectives on how the the tragic events of that day shaped their own lives -- especially since both Burn Bag co-hosts were just toddlers in 2001, and have never known a pre-9/11 world.

What in the World?: The Taliban's Interim Government, a Coup in Guinea, and Merkel's Likely Successor (09/10/21) Sep 10, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre recounts a strange dream he had that involved former President Richard M. Nixon. A’ndre and Ryan then go through the latest news from across the world, starting with an overview of the Taliban’s new government in Afghanistan — which includes someone with a multi-million dollar FBI bounty on their head. They also discuss the latest in Germany’s upcoming elections, some tension between the Biden Administration and Israel, and a little bit about the successful coup in Guinea.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? Tamil National Alliance MP Shanakiyan Rasamanickam on Post-War Reconciliation and Political Enfranchisement Sep 05, 2021

In the third installment of our miniseries "Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy?", we speak with Tamil National Alliance MP Shanakiyan Rasamanickam about the state of Sri Lanka's minority heavy North and East regions, areas facing the lingering effects of Sri Lanka's Civil War that ended in 2009. Rasamanickam asserts that the Tamil people have been left in a 'much worse' position since the war than they were at Sri Lanka's independence in 1948, and that the Tamil-majority areas have seen virtually no progress with regards to political rights. Rasamanickam, one of Sri Lanka's youngest members of Parliament, discusses his disappointment with a lack of sustainable development (which he distinguishes from 'basic infrastructure') in Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka, criticizing Chinese-linked 'vanity' projects and questioning China's desire for certain pieces of land. Considered a rising star within the Tamil National Alliance, Rasamanickam states that he and many of his constituents do desire that the United States does emphasize human rights in its approach to Sri Lanka, as he continues to advocate for a federal approach to governance domestically. We close out the conversation with an in-depth discussion of Sri Lanka's economic crises, and Rasamanickam's take on the state of Sri Lanka's fragmented political opposition to the Rajapaksa Government.

What in the World?: The Last US Troops Leave Afghanistan, India Cuts Internet Access in Kashmir, and Merkel's Exit (09/02/21) Sep 03, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the final days of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan and what the future may hold. They also discuss President Biden's meetings with Israeli PM Bennett and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, India's undemocratic actions in Kashmir, and the humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? Former Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe on U.S.-China, Domestic Governance, and Political Turmoil Sep 02, 2021

In the second installment of our miniseries "Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy?", we interview former Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe about political and foreign policy developments that occurred during his tenures as premier (1993-1994, 2001-2004, 2015-2018, 2018-2019) and that are occurring under the present government. The former Prime Minister, who was the subject of a 2018 constitutional crisis, discusses Sri Lanka's governance structure while also responding to queries about the ISIS-linked Easter Sunday Bombings in 2019, which occurred towards the tail-end of his premiership. The bulk of the interview then focuses on Sri Lanka's place amidst U.S.-China competition, as Mr. Wickremesinghe gives his take on whether Sri Lanka is in a Chinese 'debt trap', and whether recent Chinese-led developments around the Hambantota Port and the Port City in Colombo are violations of sovereignty. The former Prime Minister, who has been seen by some as pro-West, outlines Sri Lanka's relationship with the United States, highlighting what it looked like under his premiership, while laying out criticisms of the current Rajapaksa-led government's approach to foreign policy. The interview concludes with a discussion on the severe economic crisis plaguing Sri Lanka and the implications of the COVID pandemic.
NOTE: The former Prime Minister at times refers to the “19th Amendment”. The 19th Amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution was passed during his tenure in 2015, and sought to reduce the powers of the Executive Presidency, transferring some of those powers to the Prime Minister. The 20th Amendment, passed under President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in 2020, reversed course and essentially restored those powers to the President.

Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy? Journalist Uditha Jayasinghe on the State of Sri Lanka's Political and Economic Landscape Aug 30, 2021

The Burn Bag Podcast is launching a limited miniseries entitled "Sri Lanka: Debt, Development, and Democracy?" The series will explore Sri Lanka's geopolitical position and developmental goals, in order to showcase how smaller countries can highlight U.S. foreign policy lapses amidst heightened U.S.-China competition, and will feature interviews with several key players from the Sri Lankan political landscape and Sri Lankan-based experts who will contextualize the country's story for us.
In our first installment, A'ndre speaks with Uditha Jayasinghe, a veteran journalist who most recently worked as Deputy Editor of the Daily Financial Times, to provide an overview of Sri Lanka's political and economic landscape since the end of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009. Uditha delivers a background on some of the key players in Sri Lanka's political landscape, which includes profiles on the two brothers who currently govern the country, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, among others. We then contextualize Sri Lanka's developmental goals since the end of Civil War in 2009 and how the Sri Lanka-China relationship has unfolded over the past decade, including Sri Lanka's strategic importance for China's Belt and Road Initiative. Uditha provides her take on why China has succeeded in pulling Sri Lanka closer to its sphere, and answers questions on the state of Sri Lanka's debt to China, and how it relates to the debt it owes to other foreign entities.

Inside the Beltway: Congressional Oversight of the Intelligence Community with Ronald Marks Aug 23, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Ronald Marks about the Congress-Intelligence Community relationship. Ron, who is a 38-year veteran of the IC, served as CIA Senate Liaison and Intelligence Counsel on Capitol Hill, among other positions. This conversation dives into the interests and perspectives of each institution, as well as Ron's experiences on both sides. Ron also provides his assessment of the success of Congressional oversight and the changes oversight committees should consider.

Ron is currently a Visiting Professor at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government.

What in the World?: The Fall of Afghanistan and What the Future Holds (08/20/21) Aug 20, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali to discuss the fall of the Afghan government. Javed talks about the deterioration of political, economic, and social rights, the threat of international terrorism, and regional geopolitics.

'Proof of Life': Vanishing into the Middle Eastern Underworld with Daniel Levin Aug 16, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Daniel Levin about his new book, Proof of Life: Twenty Days on the Hunt for Missing Person in the Middle East. Daniel recounts the thrilling, brutal, and real-life story of how he was tasked with finding a Westerner who had gone missing in Syria, navigating the Middle Eastern underworld to find this man whose story had largely been ignored by governments and those in power. The backdrop of hostage executions by ISIS in Syria and Iraq looms large over the story, but Daniel's journey to find this man takes him to meetings with sheikhs, drug dealers, and other powerful and seedy individuals, while encountering others who are of noble and honorable spirit and victims of circumstance, juxtaposing the significant dynamics that present itself in a region racked by conflict. Daniel, who is an armed-conflicts negotiator, gives us a deep insight into the war economy that has come to dominate parts of the Middle East, with a unique, on-the-ground perspective that is at times tragic but hopeful.

What in the World?: The Taliban Sweep Across Afghanistan (08/14/21) Aug 14, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the situation in Afghanistan, noting the Taliban's recent advances and the increasing concern regarding the security of U.S. personnel in country. They also talk about the consequences for the Afghan people, the mounting migration crisis, and responses from countries in the region.

Equipping Ourselves for the Future: Accelerating Defense Innovation with Col. (Ret.) Pete Newell Aug 09, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Col. (ret.) Peter Newell, founder and CEO of BMNT, an organization seeking to drive competition within both the government and the private sector. Pete discusses his experience leading the U.S. Army Rapid Equipping Force, talking sourcing, acquisition, and personnel, and how his experiences there have translated into lessons on defense innovation. Peter also provides six take-aways from his military career that can be applicable to startups -- including how to address an adversary that may be "shrewder and faster" and how to get the right people in the same room.

What in the World?: COVID, Geopolitics at the Olympics, and the Looming Fall of Afghanistan (08/07/21) Aug 07, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre begins by detailing his on-the-ground experience in Sri Lanka which is at the forefront of China's vaccine diplomacy. The conversation then moves to the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan and the U.S. Senate's bill to repeal the AUMF. A'ndre and Ryan then talk about the Olympics, where a Belarusian athlete who has sought refuge in Poland after the regime ordered her home.

'The Democratization of Radicalization': A Conversation with Andrew McCabe, former FBI Acting Director Aug 02, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Andrew McCabe, former Acting and Deputy FBI Director. McCabe served as the FB's acting director following the firing of then-FBI Director James Comey and, during his tenure, oversaw the Russia investigation. This conversation delves into the the before, during, and after of the Russia inquiry. McCabe not only dispels myths surrounding the investigation, but also discuses the difficulties of investigation a sitting president. The conversation then turns to McCabe's FBI career, particularly focusing on thee post-9/11 era. He further provides his insights on the terrorism landscape today, noting the recent prevalence of domestic terrorism versus International terrorism. The episode concludes with McCabe's perspective why the American people should trust the FBI and the difficulty of navigating partisanship as a career professional.
Today's conversation was based off of Andrew's 2019 book, The Threat: How the FBI Protects America in the Age of Terror and Trump.

What in the World? Another Middle Eastern Coup, A Third Empire in Afghanistan, and January 6th Hearings (07/30/21) Jul 30, 2021

A'ndre and Ryan discuss the political turmoil engulfing Tunisia, China's increasing involvement in Afghanistan, a possible Iran-linked attack on an Israeli oil tanker, trouble with a new Iranian Nuclear Deal, the January 6th hearings in the House of Representatives, and Philippines' President Duterte's unorthodox and concerning approach to dealing with the unvaccinated.
Plus, an update on our favorite shipping vessel, the Ever Given!

Anniversary Special: A'ndre and Ryan on the Burn Bag's First Year Jul 26, 2021

In this special episode, A'ndre and Ryan celebrate and reflect on The Burn Bag Podcast's first year. The two co-hosts recount how they started the podcast in July 2020 in the depths of the pandemic, and discuss their favorite episodes and highlights from the past year. A'ndre and Ryan also talk upcoming changes and a future revamping of the podcast!

What in the World?: Pegasus Spyware, Belarusian Opposition Leader Visits DC, and Bezos Goes to Space (07/23/21) Jul 23, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Pegasus spyware that has reportedly targeted world leaders, the DC visit of Belarusian opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikanouskaya, and calls by some Florida politicians to send WiFi balloons to Cuba. They also discuss the Blue Origin space flight, flooding around the world, and the human impact of innovation.

Haiti in Crisis: The Aftermath of President Jovenel Moïse's Assassination with Ambassador (Ret.) Susan Page Jul 22, 2021

In this special release, we speak with Ambassador (ret.) Susan Page about the political turmoil engulfing Haiti in the aftermath of the assassination of Haitian President Jovenel Moïse. Ambassador Page, who served as Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations in Haiti, in addition to a range of other diplomatic postings with the United States, discusses Haiti's history post-independence, and frames the current struggles the country faces in the context of its long history -- much of which has been affected by foreign intervention. Ambassador Page provides her perspectives on what the international community should and should not do, while emphasizing her view that the Haitian people should have agency over their own political decisions in the long road ahead.
Ambassador Page currently teaches at the Ford School of Public Policy, at the University of Michigan.

"Blood and Oil": The Rise of Mohammed bin Salman with Justin Scheck Jul 19, 2021

In our latest episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Justin Scheck, the co-author of Blood and Oil: Mohammed Bin Salman's Ruthless Quest for Power, about the Saudi Crown Prince whose ambitious and swift rise portends significant developments for the Middle East. Justin discusses how MBS, initially thought to be a reformer, has courted many prominent leaders in the United States and elsewhere, highlighting the importance of financial power coupled with political power in Saudi Royal politics. He then talks about bin Salman's brutal tactics in consolidating power and the type of political repression that MBS employs -- touching on the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Justin provides an analysis on the relationship between MBS and President Donald Trump, in the context of a broader assessment on U.S.-Saudi relations in the past and looking to the future -- especially as we grapple with questions on the state of bin Salman's true power.

What in the World?: Protests in Cuba and Who Trump Doesn't Want to Lead A Coup (07/16/21) Jul 16, 2021

In this week's episode, A’ndre and Ryan breakdown the recent anti-government protests in Cuba, new developments in the assassination of Haiti's president, and advancements made by the Taliban. They also discuss the riots in South Africa and reported concerns within the U.S. military that Donald Trump may attempt a coup in the last days of his presidency.

"This Brave New World": The Rise of India and China and What it Means for the United States with Anja Manuel Jul 12, 2021

This week, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Anja Manuel, former diplomat and advisor on emerging markets, about the rise of India and China in a conversation largely based on her critically acclaimed 2016 book, This Brave New World: India, China, and the United States. Anja contextualizes the conversation by discussing how India and China's 'glorious distant past' coupled with a more recent history of foreign exploitation has shaped each country's self-perception in the 21st century. Anja provides an updated assessment on whether an optimistic path for cooperation between the United States and China exists, and whether the U.S. is underestimating India. We then dig into the key challenges facing each country, while providing a template for how and why the U.S. might want to involve itself in issues such as income disparities, corruption, demographic shifts, climate change, and anti-democratic trends. Anja also talks China's Belt and Road Initiative and whether India has a comprehensive global economic strategy. We conclude the wide-ranging conversation with a key question: does the international order and the global rules have to be changed to accommodate India and China's rise?
Anja currently serves as a principal of Rice, Hadley, Gates & Manuel LLC, a strategic consulting firm that helps US companies navigate international markets, which she co-founded with former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, former National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley and former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates.

What in the World?: Haiti's President Assassinated, Leaving Afghanistan, and Kim Jong Un's Weight Loss (07/09/21) Jul 09, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan breakdown the assassination of Haiti's President Jovenel Moisi, new developments in the U.S. withdrawal of Afghanistan, and the causes of Kim Jung Un's significant weight loss. They also discuss COVID, regional insecurity in the Middle East, and Russia's latest aggressive move in the Baltics.

Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Jewish People and the State of Israel with Yossi Klein Halevi Jul 08, 2021

In the last episode of our miniseries on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we speak to Yossi Klein Halevi, famed Israeli author and journalist, on 'myths' and 'realities' around the Jewish people, the State of Israel, and Zionism. Yossi talks about the idea of Israel and 'historic' Israel before the founding of the modern day state, and what Israel means to Jewish people -- drawing on the intersection of history, religion, and culture. Discussing the expulsion of Jews around the world before, during, and after the creation of the State of Israel, Yossi discusses how Israel is perceived as more than just a country, providing his take on what Zionism means, in his perspective. Yossi dispels critiques that Israel is a 'white' state and talks about the diversity present within Israel's population, and then dives into relations between the Israelis and Palestinians. Yossi, the author of Letters to my Palestinian Neighbor, acknowledges and refutes criticisms of Israel, delineating between 'legitimate' criticisms of recent actions around Sheikh Jarrah and more 'existential' criticisms around overarching anti-Zionism -- providing his rationale on why he believes those existential criticisms are anti-Semitic.

The New Far Right: January 6 and the Rise of the Proud Boys with Will Carless Jul 05, 2021

In this episode, A’ndre and Ryan talk with Will Carless about the Proud Boys and the January 6th attack on the US Capitol. Will, who is a USA Today national correspondant covering extremism and emerging issues in the United States, has gained unprecendented access to former Proud Boys who detail the recruitment and self-perpetuating extremism tactics. This illuminating episode delves into the ideologies, development and activities of the Proud Boys, as well as broader trends within the far right. Will also highlights his experiences on January 6th, where he witnessed the hysteria that led to one of the darkest days in American history. The conversation concludes with Will’s perspective on the future of the Proud Boys as an organization given de-platforming and prosecutions.

This conversation was based on Will’s recent article in USA Today.

Putin: Tsar or Commissar? A Conversation with Dr. Fiona Hill Jun 28, 2021

In this special conversation with Fiona Hill, Brookings Institution Senior Fellow and former senior director for European and Russian affairs on the National Security Council from 2017 to 2019, we dive into Russia and its modern day leader Vladimir Putin. Fiona, who served as deputy assistant to President Trump and was present at the notorious Helsinki Summit between Presidents Trump and Putin provides her reaction to President Biden's meeting with President Putin in Geneva, and her observations on Putin's relationships with past U.S. Presidents. The conversation then digs deep into Fiona's views on Vladimir Putin and his leadership style, drawing comparisons and contrasts between Putin and the Tsars of Russia and the leaders of the Soviet Union. Fiona, who was a co-author of the seminal Putin biography Mr. Putin, does suggest that there are certainly weaknesses in Putin's armor, and details why Putin may have reason to fear opposition figures like Alexei Navalny. We also dig into Russia's foreign policy -- especially regarding its position given its prominent neighbor to the south, China.

What in the World? (06/25/21) Jun 25, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss Biden's plan to grant visa's to Afghan interpreters and recent developments in the U.S. Afghanistan withdrawal. They also talk about the discovery of mass graves of indigenous children in Canada, the UK-Russia spat off the coast of Crimea, and the border crisis.

Defense Hacks: National Security Innovation and Creating a Civil-Military Alliance with Steve Blank Jun 21, 2021

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Steve Blank, serial entrepreneur (often referred to as the 'Father of Modern Entrepreneurship') and Silicon Valley guru, about his thinking on defense innovation and how a civil-military alliance can help the U.S. maintain its technological edge. Steve, who spearheaded the creation of the 'Hacking 4 Defense' class at Stanford which soon became sponsored by the Department of Defense, provides us with examples for how business and government have worked together in the past to drive defense innovation, and how organizational structures in start-ups can and cannot work with the public sector. Steve also provides his thoughts on the security of Research & Development and corporate espionage, and how the U.S. Government needs to adapt to address new and emerging threats from the rise of technologies.

Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The History of the Palestinian People with Professor Rashid Khalidi Jun 19, 2021

In the latest episode of our miniseries focusing in on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we speak to Dr. Rashid Khalidi, a Palestinian American historian who currently is the Edward Said Professor of Modern Arab Studies at Columbia University, on the history of the Palestinian people and Palestinian nationalism. Dr. Khalidi, the author of The Hundred Years' War on Palestine (2020) and Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (1997), discusses the origins of Palestinian Nationalism and provides a primer on the development of the Palestinian identity, dispelling the myths and talking the realities of Palestinian Nationalism in both the Mandate and Pre-Mandate period (the 'Mandate' referring to British governance of the Palestinian region in the years preceding 1948). Dr. Khalidi discusses why early attempts at creating a Palestinian state failed, and what agency the Palestinians actually had in their own fate amidst the involvement of regional and foreign powers. Dr. Khalidi goes on to talk about the Palestinians as a political entity, with the rise of the PLO, and gives his take on why the Oslo Peace Process failed -- drawing on his own personal experience as an advisor to the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid and Washington peace negotiations between 1991 and 1993.

What in the World?: Biden Meets Putin, Unveiling the Domestic Terrorism Strategy, and New Escalations in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Jun 18, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali to discuss the Biden-Putin Summit, the White House's National Domestic Terrorism Strategy, and the House vote to repeal the 2002 Iraq War AUMF. An'dre and Ryan also discuss the state of Israel's new coalition and the resumption of hostilities between Israeli forces and Hamas. The episode concludes with an overview of Iran's Presidential election set for Friday.
Check out Javed's recent op-ed in Defense One on the National Domestic Terrorism Strategy!

The Alliance of Democracies: Reimagining International Institutions with Ash Jain and Ambassador (ret.) Daniel Fried Jun 14, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Ash Jain and Ambassador (ret.) Daniel Fried about the importance of democratic multilateralism. Ash and Amb. Fried advocate for expanding the G-7 into a D-10, which would be a broader forum for the world's leading democratic countries. They also discuss whether the world is currently defined by the divide between democracy versus autocracy, and how the United States can spearhead the advancement of liberal values on the world stage. The conversation concludes by emphasizing the importance of democracy both in the United States and around the world.
To learn more about the proposed D-10, check out Ash's recent report with Matthew Kroenig, as well as our 100 Days episode featuring Ash's idea of creating a D-10 Steering Committee.

What in the World? (06/11/21) Jun 11, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss President Biden's trip to Europe where he will participate in the G7 before heading off to Geneva to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin. They also breakdown President Biden's democracy-centric foreign policy and how the "Macron Slap" is a symptom of populism and the growth of the far-right. The conversation touches on Myanmar before concluding with an update on Israel's domestic politics and the effort to oust PM Netanyahu.

Flashpoints: A Conversation with Former Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta Jun 07, 2021

In this special episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we speak to former U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta (2011-2013) about a range of national security 'flashpoints' that stand to affect the United States and the Biden Administration in the coming years. Secretary Panetta, who oversaw the Bin Laden Raid as CIA Director, reacts to President Biden's decision to withdraw from Afghanistan, while also discussing a potentially new Iran Nuclear Deal. The Secretary also discusses his view on the threats facing NATO and why President Biden needs to draw 'clear lines' when dealing with Putin's Russia.
We revisit Secretary Panetta's service in the Obama Administration in contextualizing the current state of Chinese assertion in the Indo-Pacific, and Secretary Panetta recounts his meeting with Xi Jinping almost a decade ago. Secretary Panetta uses that story to outline how the United States needs to engage multilaterally while also bolstering its military capabilities to meet the challenge of China. Secretary Panetta also discusses the emergent, if not current, threat posed by cyber-warfare, and how the U.S. military needs to adapt to meet the dangers posed by the newest domain of warfare. We close out the conversation with a brief discussion on the defense budget -- a topic Secretary Panetta is intimately familiar with, not only because of his time as Secretary of Defense, but also due to his former position as Director of the OMB and as Chairman of the House Budget Committee.
Secretary Panetta co-founded the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, and is the author of Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace, his New York Times best-selling auto-biography.

What in the World?: Another Cyberattack and the Fight to Oust Netanyahu (06/04/21) Jun 04, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali to discuss the recent ransomware attack against JBS, the largest meat processing company in the world. They also discuss the broader implications of cyber crimes and how the Biden Administration is responding. A'ndre and Ryan then discuss the Israeli opposition coalition that is set to oust PM Netanyahu. The episode concludes by highlighting developments in Sri Lanka, Iran, Belarus, and Ethiopia.

Brokering Peace: Egypt's Role in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict with former Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy Jun 03, 2021

In this special episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Nabil Fahmy, Founding Dean of the American University in Cairo's School of Global Affairs and Public Policy and former Egyptian Foreign Minister. Dean Fahmy shares his perspective on the recent Gaza War and Egypt's historical role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Dean Fahmy digs into Egypt's relationship with Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Hamas, while giving his prognosis on the path ahead in the more than seventy year conflict. He also discusses Egypt's unique geopolitical position as an African and Asian power, and how this informs its foreign policy and relationship with regional and international actors, such as the United States. The conversation concludes with a discussion on Egypt's future and how the younger generation can bring positive change.

Inside the Hermit Kingdom: What North Korea Wants, with Dr. Sue Mi Terry May 31, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan speak with leading North Korea expert Dr. Sue Mi Terry about the "Hermit Kingdom". Dr. Terry, who served as a CIA analyst, Deputy National Intelligence Officer, and NSC Director, provides her assessment of the Trump-Kim Summits and how the Biden Administration will approach the Kim regime. She also breaks-down the vertical of power in North Korea and outlines why Kim Jong Un and his family have maintained power since the country's inception. Dr. Terry also recounts her conversations with defectors to illustrate the extent of North Korea's repressive system and how this prevents the North Korean people from altering their political situation. The conversation concludes with an analysis of the North Korean nuclear threat and the potential for meaningful denuclearization.

The Scars of War: Post-Conflict Trauma and Global Health as a National Security Risk with Dr. Jess Ghannam May 29, 2021

In this special release, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Dr. Jess Ghannam, Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Global Health Sciences at the UCSF School of Medicine, about post-conflict trauma and the importance of incorporating this trauma into larger conversations about national security. Dr. Ghannam, who is Palestinian-American and hails from Detroit, speaks on how "the juxtaposition of pain and curiosity" motivated him to learn about and work on the impact of trauma, in order to address health inequalities at home and abroad. Dr. Ghannam recounts his on-the-ground experience in working in creating medical clinics in Gaza and the public health crises he observed there as a starting point to contextualize the broader conversation from a global standpoint. We have a conversation on the different types of trauma that children and adolescents experience, how mental health gives way to physical and other symptoms, and why Western ways of thinking about PTSD may not be adequate in describing the heavy trauma that civilians in conflict zones face. We discuss how a focus on chronic illnesses (non-communicable) and mental illnesses, such as depression, do present a security risk for the United States and the global community, and the interventions that the public health sector is engaging in to address these huge health issues.

What in the World?: Biden's COVID Investigation, Israel-Hamas Ceasefire, and the Belarus Bomb Threat (05/28/21) May 28, 2021

In this week’s episode, A’ndre and Ryan discuss President Biden’s investigation into the origins of COVID-19, the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, and the shocking air piracy by Belarus. They also discuss the crisis in Ethiopia and recent US ambassador nominations. .

The State of U.S. Counterterrorism: Defeating ISIS and the Global War on Terror with Amb. Nathan Sales, former Coordinator for Counterterrorism May 24, 2021

This week, A’ndre and Ryan speak with Ambassador Nathan A. Sales, former State Department Coordinator for Counterterrorism (2017-2021) and former Special Presidential Envoy to the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS. Ambassador Sales also served as Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights (acting). Ambassador Sales opens the episode by providing a general overview of the state of U.S. Counterterrorism efforts, which is especially insightful given he left office just this past January. Ambassador Sales then spends the majority of the episode discussing the fight against ISIS, outlining how the U.S. and Coalition forces have been successful in recent years against the terror group. Digging deep into how ISIS managed to become so formidable, filling a power vacuum in Iraq and Syria in the early 2010s, Ambassador Sales details the power structure and leadership of ISIS, and how they operated on the ground, before going into how U.S. military strategies were adapted and why they worked to significantly reduce the ground held by ISIS in recent years.

What in the World? (05/21/21) May 21, 2021

[NOTE: This episode was recorded on Thursday afternoon, just before the ceasefire was announcement, and before President Biden's speech] In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan provide an update on the recent escalation in Israeli-Palestinian conflict. They also discuss the migrant crisis on the Morocco-Spain border, movement in Iran nuclear negotiations, and Havana syndrome hitting the homeland.
You can also find this episode on YouTube!

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: Assessing the Biden Administration's Foreign Policy with Barry Pavel and Matthew Kroenig May 20, 2021

In the final installment of The Burn Bag Podcast’s miniseries with the Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Center, A’ndre and Ryan have Barry Pavel and Matthew Kroenig, the Center’s Director and Deputy Director, on to reflect on the Biden Administration’s performance in the actual first 100 days with respect to security policy. We discuss how the first 100 days might indicate future trends in policymaking, such as with alliance building and the swift toughness the Biden Administration has shown on China and Russia. Both Barry and Matt provide their praise and criticism of some decisions, praising the quickness with which President Biden has addressed some issues such as cyber, while expressing concern over a lack of policy on North Korea and an underestimation in terms of the “need for speed” with regards to China’s developments. We spend the rest of the interview going over some overarching themes and trends within the first 100 Days, and the challenges that lie ahead for President Biden.

America's Afghanistan Withdrawal: The Road to Ending an "Endless War" with former U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Ronald Neumann May 17, 2021

This week, A’ndre and Ryan speak with Ambassador Ronald Neumann, former U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan, Algeria, and Bahrain about the recently announced U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, scheduled to take place by September 11th, 2021. Ambassador Neumann provides a contextual background on Afghanistan pre-2001, focusing on the repercussions of the Soviet Invasion in the 1980s, the U.S. aid to the Mujahideen, and the linkages between the Mujahideen and Al Qaeda. We then dig into the Taliban — providing a brief overview of their governing style, their power in the country, their actual beliefs, and their relationship to Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda during, before, and after the 9/11 attacks. The second half of the interview sees Ambassador Neumann criticizing the Biden Administration’s decision for a non-conditional withdrawal, citing the relinquishment of a range of secondary goals, the likely subjugation of women, children, and other U.S.-favored Afghans, and a spate of violence that has already struck parts of the country. Ambassador Neumann expresses pessimism about the future of Afghanistan post-withdrawal, and voices concern for Afghans who had strongly believed in U.S.-based values.

Ambassador Neumann currently serves as the President of the American Academy of Diplomacy, and you can find out more about his work there, here.

What in the World? (05/14/21) May 14, 2021

In this week's episode, Javed Ali joins A'ndre and Ryan to discuss the ransomware attack against the Colonial Pipeline and the Biden Administration's domestic terrorism measures. They also address the recent escalation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Be sure to check out Javed's new op-ed on combating domestic terrorism.

"The Hundred-Year Struggle": Israel, Palestine, and Improbable Peace with Professor Victor Lieberman May 10, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan dissect the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with University of Michigan Professor Victor Lieberman. This episode provides a broad overview of the conflict itself, going back more than a 100 years and framing the conflict as not one between Muslims and Jews, but one between two rival nationalisms -- Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism. Professor Lieberman provides a timeline that goes back to the days of the Ottoman Empire and then into the British administered Mandatory Palestine, the demographic shifts that occurred in the region due to European anti-Semitism, and the political and armed conflicts leading up to creation of the State of Israel. Professor Lieberman digs into the wars between Israel and its Arab state neighbors, the nature of Palestinian political leadership, and the relationship between the goals of the Arab states and the goal of a Palestinian state. Land, borders, and failures in diplomacy form a large bulk of the discussion, and Professor Lieberman rounds out the conversation with why he is cautiously pessimistic about any potential resolution to the conflict. The conversation aims to effectively and objectively cover the hundred year conflict in one hour, providing a primer that will help our audience formulate opinions on their own, given the issue's sensitive nature.
Professor Victor Lieberman teaches a popular course on the Arab-Israeli conflict at the University of Michigan, where he serves as the Raoul Wallenberg Distinguished University Professor of History and Professor of Asian and Comparative History. His effective and objective teaching style was rewarded with the Golden Apple Award in 2014 -- given to a professor for outstanding teaching, by the students.

What in the World? (05/07/21) May 07, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan provide an update on the COVID crisis in India, breakdown the protests in Colombia, and dig into the political situations in the United Kingdom and Israel. They also discuss Facebook's Oversight Board and whether dogecoin is going to the moon.

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: Adding a Deputy DNI for Domestic Coordination and Multilateral Security in the Indo-Pacific May 04, 2021

Welcome to the fifth installment of The Burn Bag Podcast's special collaboration with The Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Security and Strategy, where we highlight contributions to the Scowcroft Center's "100 Ideas for the First 100 Days" project. The fifth episode in the series delves into two big ideas by Stephen Shapiro, and Lt. Col. Matthew Crouch and Clementine Starling. Stephen talks about why the U.S. Government's domestic intelligence operations need significant reform, and proposes the idea that there be a Deputy Director of National Intelligence who'd lead domestic coordination amongst the varying intelligence agencies. In the second idea, Lt. Col. Crouch and Clementine dig into why the U.S. needs to spearhead a multilateral security architecture in the Indo-Pacific, given the rise and bellicosity of China.

America and the World: Primacy, Alliances, and the Post-COVID Order with Professor Stephen Walt May 03, 2021

In this week's episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre and Ryan speak to Professor Stephen Walt, a distinguished thinker in international relations who currently teaches at Harvard University. Professor Walt, a leading scholar and subscriber to the school of realism in international relations, spoke to us about the state of U.S. power in the world today, and on the idea of primacy (the U.S. being the 'first among equals') and why/how the U.S. can maintain it. This leads to a broader conversation on U.S. grand strategy and the viability of 'offshore balancing' versus hegemony. A discussion on U.S. alliances and the threats from China and Russia follows, wrapping with Professor Walt's thoughts on the post-COVID world order.
Professor Walt is a regular contributor to Foreign Policy, and you can check out the litany of books and other publications he has here.

What in the World? (04/30/21) Apr 30, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan breakdown President Biden's address to Congress, noting in particular the focus on China and strengthening democracy. They also discuss the status of Alexei Navalny and India's COVID crisis.

String of Pearls: Naval Power and Geopolitics in the Indian Ocean with Nilanthi Samaranayake Apr 26, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk with Nilanthi Samaranayake, director of the Strategy and Policy Analysis Program at the Center for Naval Analyses. Nilanthi provides an overview of the Indian Ocean region, its strategic importance, and geopolitics. They also discuss the role of China in the region and how India and the United States can work to push back against Chinese influence. The conversation concludes with a broader discussion of U.S. strategy and then future of bilateral and multilateral relations with Indian Ocean powers.
Click here to learn more about Nilanthi and her work.

What in the World? (04/23/21) Apr 23, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan provide an update on opposition politician Alexei Navalny and discuss the domestic political situation in Russia. They also talk about the implications of the U.S. withdrawal of Afghanistan, President Biden's coming recognition of the Armenian Genocide, and potential progress in nuclear negotiations with Iran.
UPDATE: Alexei Navalny ended his hunger strike and has received medical attention.

When Governance Fails: Sovereignty Sharing in Fragile States with Professor John Ciorciari Apr 19, 2021

In this week's episode, we speak with Dr. John Ciorciari about his new book, “Sovereignty Sharing in Fragile States.” Dr. Ciorciari discusses what sovereignty sharing is, defining it as "consent-based agreements between a national government and international actors to share domestic authority," and he goes on to outline the governance challenges around the world that motivated him to write the book. Dr. Ciorciari explains the common denominators underlying state 'fragility', and why he chose to focus on the 'rule of law' in contextualizing his analysis in the book, and why 'rule of law' reform is very difficult in the international setting -- especially in establishing governmental institutions. Dr. Ciorciari describes incentives and downsides of sovereignty sharing for both host and donor country, whether U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan were sovereignty sharing situations, and how corruption and foreign policy have shaped sovereignty sharing.

What in the World?: Afghanistan Withdrawal, Russia Sanctions, Iran Attack, and the China Threat (04/16/21) Apr 16, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan are joined by Javed Ali, Executive Producer and former NSC Senior Director for Counterterrorism. They discuss President Biden's decision to withdraw all U.S. troops from Afghanistan, new sanctions on Russia, the attack on Iran's nuclear facility, and competition with China.

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: Establishing a D-10 and Denuclearization Apr 15, 2021

Welcome to the fourth installment of The Burn Bag Podcast's special collaboration with The Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Security and Strategy, where we highlight contributions to the Scowcroft Center's "100 Ideas for the First 100 Days" project. The fourth episode in the series delves into two big ideas with Ash Jain and Ambassador Alexander Vershbow. First, Ash Jain speaks on why the United States needs to establish a D-10 — a group of democracies that would work together as a steering committee to address global challenges. Second, Ambassador Vershbow discusses how the United States may want to think about denuclearizing North Korea through a “parallel track” approach.

The World's Most Dangerous Technology: Nuclear Weapons with Dr. Kennette Benedict Apr 12, 2021

On this episode of the Burn Bag, we speak with Dr. Kennette Benedict, current Senior Advisor and former Executive Director and Publisher of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, about nuclear weapons and the geopolitical policy challenges surrounding the "world's most dangerous technology." Dr. Benedict begins the conversation by giving us an overview of the origins of the atomic bomb, its usage against Japan, and how it affected war-fighting strategy and whether leaders ever actively thought about deploying the bomb after World War II. We then discuss what exactly a nuclear weapon is, and what U.S. nuclear capabilities look like in the present day. Dr. Benedict also provides us with her take on the how real the threat of nuclear war is today, and why substantial denuclearization is possible.
You can check out more of Dr. Benedict's work here.

What in the World? (04/09/21) Apr 09, 2021

In this week’s episode, A’ndre and Ryan talk about the Pape Report on January 6, violence in Northern Ireland, and the Ukraine/Russia situation. They also discuss Jordan’s monarchical infighting and political uncertainty in Singapore.

The Tech Threat Matrix: Disinformation, Cybersecurity, and Geopolitics with Glenn Gerstell, former NSA General Counsel Apr 05, 2021

In the latest episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we interview Glenn Gerstell, who as General Counsel, was the top lawyer at the National Security Agency between 2015 and 2020. We begin the conversation by getting Glenn's thoughts on why he believes that online disinformation is a national security threat, why cyber-propelled disinformation is very different from the spread of 'old-fashioned' propaganda, and whether the 2020 Election's disinformation was primarily bolstered by Russia or domestic actors. Glenn outlines approaches that we can take to address disinformation, and provides his own views on Section 230. We then move on into the SolarWinds hack and broader issues around cyber-espionage, and what the state of U.S. cyber-security is. We close out the conversation on the topic of grappling with privacy amidst concerns about domestic terror threats, and the clear lines that are drawn with regards to how the NSA conducts surveillance abroad. Glenn ends by talking about why the Intelligence Community needs to adapt, and how we can rethink our idea of what 'national security' is.
You can check out more of Glenn's work here.

What in the World? (04/02/21) Apr 02, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Alexei Navalny's hunger strike, Israeli politics, and the South China Sea. They also discuss the rise of ISIS in Mozambique, a growing spat between Egypt and Ethiopia over water, and Russia's aggressive moves on the Ukraine border.

"No Easy Answer": Counterintelligence at Home and Abroad with former FBI Officials Bill Priestap and Holden Triplett Mar 29, 2021

On this week’s episode of The Burn Bag, we talk counterintelligence with Bill Priestap, former Head of Counterintelligence at the FBI, and Holden Triplett, former Director of Counterintelligence on the National Security Council. Priestap and Triplett give an overview on counterintelligence, highlighting how it has changed over the past 20 years, and what types of operations the FBI has worked to respond to. They discuss the FBI’s role in thwarting espionage along with outlining what coordination looks like between the FBI and other agencies, such as the CIA in addressing these foreign threats. Priestap and Triplett highlight how extensive efforts are by foreign adversaries to recruit Americans to spy on their own country, and what the general threat of this has and does look like. Both dive into some modern day challenges, giving us a look at corporate espionage, the controversy behind Confucius Institutes, and developments around cyber-espionage. We wrap the episode with a discussion how we can address domestic threats, as evident in the January 6th insurrection and similar threats.

What in the World? (03/26/21) Mar 26, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the cargo ship stuck in the Suez Canal, North Korea's missile tests, and Taiwan's looming China threat. They also discuss Israel's political deadlock, the economic crisis in Turkey, and Biden's border problem.

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: AI, Cyber Alliances, and Health Security Mar 25, 2021

Welcome to the third installment of The Burn Bag Podcast's special collaboration with The Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Security and Strategy, where we highlight contributions to the Scowcroft Center's "100 Ideas for the First 100 Days" project. The third episode in the series delves into three big ideas with Robert Manning, Safa Shahwan Edwards, and James Danoy. First, Robert Manning speaks on why we need to harness artificial intelligence for cooperation, in order to create a regulatory regime for the rapidly proliferating technology. Second, Safa Shahwan Edwards discusses why a cybersecurity alliance is necessary given the rise of digital governance and disruptive technologies. Lastly, James Danoy highlights why new perspectives on national security require that the Health and Human Services Department be made a permanent member of the intelligence community.

"In True Face": A Conversation with Jonna Mendez, former CIA Chief of Disguise Mar 22, 2021

On this week’s episode of the Burn Bag, we talk to Jonna Mendez, former CIA Chief of Disguise, about her work in the CIA. Mendez discusses her reasons for joining the agency, her time as an intelligence officer, and the history behind the Office of Technical Service (OTS). She analyzes the successes and failures of the products that the OTS produced and delves into the measures she and others had to take to thwart intelligence services in Russia, Cuba, and other areas where CIA assets were active. Jonna highlights the importance of human intelligence, revealing to us what the relationship was like between officer and agent, and speculates on how this form of intelligence may have changed given technological advances. We also chat to Jonna about the intricacies of the disguises she made, and why the "Tom Cruise peel" from Mission Impossible should be the "Jonna Mendez peel" -- as she details a famous meeting she had with President George H.W. Bush in which she demonstrated the efficacy of facial masks. We close the conversation with a discussion about the true story behind Academy Award winning movie Argo -- as Jonna talks about her late husband Tony Mendez (played by Ben Affleck in Argo) and his role in the Canadian Caper operation during the Iranian Hostage Crisis in 1980.
Jonna will be releasing a new book, "In True Face", in the near future, and you can check out more of her work and her writing here.

What in the World? (03/19/21) Mar 19, 2021

In this week’s episode, A’ndre and Ryan recap the Quad meeting, discuss the Biden-Putin drama, and dissect the uptick in migrants at the US southern border. They also talk about the recently released National Intelligence Council report on foreign threats to the 2020 election.

The People v. Hate: A Conversation with D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine Mar 18, 2021

On this week’s episode of the Burn Bag, co-hosts Ryan and A’ndre speak with the D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine about the January 6th Insurrection, how to address issues in policing, and solutions to resolving the larger issues around hate in America. AG Racine outlines how his office is addressing the January 6th Insurrection at the Capitol Building, what jurisdiction he has in terms of prosecutions, and the active investigation of former and current political leaders, that include President Donald J. Trump. AG Racine talks about how our country needs to address hate groups, and why we need to get 'hate' off of social media platforms -- that's contributed to many of the security risks the United States faces domestically. We wrap by discussing issues around policing in America, and how we can advance American values against the prevalence of hate.

Profiles in Discord: Leadership Analysis with Dr. Ken Dekleva Mar 15, 2021

In this week’s episode, co-hosts A’ndre and Ryan speak to Dr. Kenneth Dekleva about his work in leadership analysis and what exactly that is. Dr. Dekleva discusses how leadership profiles are created, and how different agencies like the CIA and the State Department have used them in the past to advance U.S. foreign policy goals. We then dig into three unique leadership profiles in particular: China's Xi Jinping, North Korea's Kim Jong Un, and Russia's Vladimir Putin. Dr. Dekleva reveals what the U.S. got wrong about Putin and how the Russian leader has maintained his political resilience. We then discuss how Kim Jong Un's leadership style and personality reflects his grandfather Kim Il Sung, and how his childhood may have contributed to his dictatorial tendencies. Dr. Dekleva reveals why he believes Xi Jinping is one of the world's most formidable leaders today, and how Xi has managed to weave his personal and political narrative together to wield power. We conclude by talking about potential future adversarial leaders, and what makes these leaders 'good' at being dictators.
You can check out Dr. Dekleva's work here and here.

What in the World? (03/12/21) Mar 12, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the Quad — an informal set of security meetings between the United States, India, Australia, and Japan — given President Biden’s virtual meeting with the other three leaders of the Quad today. They discuss what exactly the Quad is, and give you a preview of what you might expect from these meetings, and whether the Quad is truly meant to counter China. After digging into the Quad, they discuss Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin’s visit to South Korea, Japan, and India, and what it might mean for U.S. security policy in the Indo-Pacific region with regards to China. Ryan then gives us an update on the civil crisis in Ethiopia, the big tech space in Russia, a Saudi-imposed blockade in Yemen that might lead to a famine, and the Israeli political gridlock.

The National Security Democrat: Beyond Party Politics with Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin (D-MI) Mar 08, 2021

On this week’s episode, co-hosts A’ndre and Ryan speak about the events at the Capitol on January 6th with Congresswoman Elissa Slotkin. As the representative from Michigan’s 8th District, Congresswoman Slotkin discusses her role in working with the Biden administration to combat and deal with domestic terrorism and violence. During this episode, she addresses various topics such as Iran, the Department of Defense, and the 1st Amendment in relation to domestic threats. Congresswoman Slotkin then delves into the future of the Democratic Party's foreign policy platform.

What in the World? (03/05/21) Mar 05, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about last week's U.S. air strikes against Syria and delve into the Biden Administration's Interim National Security Strategic Guidance. They talk about how the document signals an emphasis on multilateralism, a pivot to Asia, rebuilding America's soft power, and strengthening democracy at home and abroad. A'ndre and Ryan also make sure to cover recent developments in Israel, Russia, Myanmar, Ethiopia, and Yemen, and how U.S. relations and posturing towards situations in those countries has proceeded.

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: America's Allies, the State Department, and North Korea Mar 04, 2021

Welcome to the second installment of The Burn Bag Podcast's special collaboration with The Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Security and Strategy, where we highlight contributions to the Scowcroft Center's "100 Ideas for the First 100 Days" project. The second episode in the series delves into three big ideas with Dr. Harlan Ullman, Evan Cooper, and Markus Garlauskas. First, Dr. Ullman speaks on why we need to upgrade American alliances, in order to address the unexpected and large scale security threats facing the U.S., that include pandemics, climate change, cyber-issues, and more. The second idea, by Evan Cooper, goes into why expanding and strengthening the State Department is crucial to addressing the country's biggest foreign policy and security challenges, at this moment. The third and last idea digs into how the Biden Administration can pro-actively delay, prevent, or limit North Korean missile testing -- Markus Garlauskas details how exactly this can happen.

The Future of Warfare: Naval Power, Cyber Force, and the Next World War with Admiral (Ret.) James Stavridis Mar 01, 2021

On this week’s episode of the Burn Bag, co-hosts A’ndre and Ryan speak with Admiral (ret.) James Stavridis about his new book 2034: A Novel of the Next World War. Admiral Stavridis, who served as former Supreme Allied Commander of NATO and former Commander of U.S. Southern Command, discusses the importance of cyber warfare and why we must rethink the idea of the typical U.S. soldier. During the episode, he delves into the SolarWinds hack and cyber espionage, along with Naval Warfare—specifically the influence of maritime powers. Admiral Stavridis ends by discussing the U.S.’s position regarding the South China Sea and the mission of NATO.
To learn more about the Admiral and his work check out his website.

What in the World? (02/26/21) Feb 26, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about the alleged coup attempt in Armenia, political instability in Georgia, and U.S. report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. They also discuss Australia's new media law and the likely prosecution of Sri Lanka's former president.

100 Ideas for the First 100 Days: Endless Wars and Putin's Russia Feb 25, 2021

The Burn Bag Podcast is excited to launch a special collaboration with The Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Security and Strategy, where we highlight the contributions to the Scowcroft Center's "100 Ideas for the First 100 Days" project. This inaugural episode in this new mini-series features an introductory conversation with the Center's Director Barry Pavel, where we discuss the Center's mission and the inspiration for this project. We then dive into the first two contributions in the mini-series, as we hear thinking on some of the biggest challenges facing the Biden Administration from General David Petraeus and Ambassador Daniel Fried. General Petraeus discusses his idea, "Scope US Forces’ Involvement in ‘Endless’ Mideast Wars" while Ambassador Fried talks about why the U.S. needs to "Push Back On Putin’s Aggression; Cooperate If We Can".
You can read more about the project here: "100 Ideas for the First Hundred Days of the Biden Administration"

The COVID Economy: Markets, Crypto, and Recovery with Michael Barr, Dean of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy Feb 22, 2021

In this week’s episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, co-hosts A’ndre and Ryan speak to Michael Barr, Dean of the Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan and former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions. A’ndre, Ryan and Dean Barr discuss the challenges of rebuilding the global economy post-COVID-19, attracting foreign direct investment to the United States, the Robinhood debacle and securities regulation, repeating mistakes from the 2007/08 financial crisis, the risks of cryptocurrency, and economic sanctions as part of U.S. foreign policy.

What in the World? (02/19/21) Feb 19, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the aftermath of impeachment, the latest on the Navalny case in Russia, India’s domestic and foreign difficulties, the latest developments in Myanmar, and the Biden Administration’s outlook for the Middle East, among other topics.

The Fourth Estate: Presidential Reporting with Zeke Miller, President of the White House Correspondents' Association Feb 15, 2021

On this special Presidents’ Day episode, A’ndre and Ryan talk with Zeke Miller, AP White House Reporter and White House Correspondents’ Assoc. President, about presidential reporting. They discuss the history of White House correspondents and the relationship between the President and the press. Zeke also discusses sourcing and the role of leaks. He shares his views on the public’s relationship with the press and how social media has impacted his job, in addition to providing some insights on how Presidents Obama, Trump, and Biden have interacted with the press.

What in the World? (02/12/21) Feb 12, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Senate trial of former President Donald Trump and the threat of far right domestic terrorism. They also talk about the easing of India/China tensions, Big Tech, and President Biden's phone call with China's Xi Jinping.

"The Unexpected Spy": Life in the CIA and FBI with Tracy Walder Feb 11, 2021

In this episode, A’ndre and Ryan talk with Tracy Walder, a former CIA staff operations officer and FBI special agent, about her life navigating both of these agencies. They discuss why Tracy joined the CIA, and how she, as a 22 year old, was at the forefront of intelligence analysis in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, interacting with officials at the highest levels of government, including President Bush and CIA Director George Tenet. Tracy lifts the veil on the impact that working in the CIA and FBI has on daily life, which includes a candid discussion on how she overcame varying personal challenges throughout her career. Tracy talks about some of her field experiences, ranging from interviewing terrorists with the CIA's Counterterrorism Center to working with the FBI on Chinese counterintelligence in Los Angeles. The conversation ends with Tracy’s perspective on diversity in the IC and how more women can pursue such careers.
This episode was based on Tracy’s fascinating and captivating book, “The Unexpected Spy: From the CIA to the FBI, My Secret Life Taking Down Some of the World's Most Notorious Terrorists“.

"The World": A Conversation with Dr. Richard Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations Feb 08, 2021

In this week’s episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, co-hosts A’ndre Gonawela and Ryan Rosenthal speak with Dr. Richard Haass, a veteran diplomat and president of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). A’ndre and Ryan discuss Dr. Haass’ new book The World: A Brief Introduction, American policy towards Mainland China and Taiwan, COVID-19’s strengthening of European institutions, popular protests in Russia, defining challenges of the 21st century and multilateralism.

What in the World? (02/05/21) Feb 05, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss U.S. foreign policy decisions by the Biden Administration and the coup in Myanmar (Burma). They also talk about the fate of Alexey Navalny and provide an update on the farmer protests in India.

Reopening the World: A Conversation with GEN (Ret.) John Allen, Brookings Institution President Feb 01, 2021

In this week’s episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, co-hosts A’ndre and Ryan speak to retired Four Star General and current Brookings Institution President John Allen about how we 'reopen' both the United States and the world, in a conversation oriented around Brookings' 'Reopening' project. General Allen discusses why a global approach to addressing the pandemic is necessary and why U.S. leadership is unique in its capability to build a global coalition to combat the crisis. We dig into what the General and the Brookings Institution mean when they refer to 'reopening' as opposed to mere 'recovery', why an 'America First' foreign policy hindered our response to the pandemic over the past year, and the opportunities the Biden Administration has in broader diplomacy in addressing the pandemic in a multilateral fashion. A'ndre and Ryan talked about several other issues with General Allen, including the future of the U.S.-China relationship, and why General Allen doesn't believe the recent tensions are necessarily indicative of a new Cold War. General Allen, the co-author of Turning Point: Policymaking in the Era of Artificial Intelligence, also discusses artificial intelligence as a new medium through which war-fighting will take place, providing an insightful take on another huge challenge that will only rise in prominence in the years to come.

What in the World (01/29/21) Jan 29, 2021

In this week's episode, Ryan and A'ndre discuss the threat of domestic terrorism and challenges posed by the intersection of social media and politics. They also talk about the arrest of Russian opposition politician Aleksey Navalny and a recent ISIS bombing in Iraq.

Lessons in Leadership: A Conversation with GEN (Ret.) Stanley McChrystal Jan 25, 2021

In this week's episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, co-hosts A'ndre and Ryan speak to retired Four Star General Stanley McChrystal about his views on leadership. We discuss the topic with the General by drawing on lessons in leadership from his own career, looking at how General McChrystal spearheaded the transformation of JSOC, or the Joint Special Operations Command, to effectively adjust to new battlefields and circumstances that insurgencies wrought. Under his leadership, JSOC went from conducting 4 raids a month to 300 raids a month, and captured Iraqi Leader Saddam Hussein and killed Al Qaeda in Iraq Leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. General McChrystal gives us his take on the leadership qualities that made both of these men so lethal and deadly to American forces, and digs into how al-Zarqawi's leadership in particular transcended his practical duties and made him in some ways more dangerous than Osama bin Laden -- even after death. We then bring the conversation to contemporary issues, getting the General's take on how COVID-19 and the fight against terrorism are similar, and how common failures have exacerbated the challenges associated with each. Lastly, General McChrystal outlines how the military needs to rethink what the 'traditional' soldier is in light of new challenges across a range of domains, that include cyberspace, and how his work now with the McChrystal Group is furthering the 'battlefield to the boardroom' mentality.

Big Tech, Populism, and Fake News: Social Media and Politics with Dr. Joyojeet Pal Jan 22, 2021

In this special episode of The Burn Bag, Dr. Joyojeet Pal speaks to us about the intersection of social media and politics, especially in light of the spread of #FakeNews and the recent banning of President Donald Trump from Twitter. An Associate Professor at the University of Michigan’s School of Information, Dr. Pal starts out by giving us a primer on how politicians like Barack Obama first used social media, before digging deep into populist messaging on Twitter and other platforms by leaders like Donald Trump and Narendra Modi. Our conversation further dives into how #FakeNews and other extreme speech spreads so quickly, and why it’s so effective at infiltrating the minds of so many, giving us some key examples of how this has worked. We then evaluate whether social media companies can actually fight the spread of misinformation, what the implications of the Trump social media ban are, and how Big Tech and Governments are not seeing eye to eye, and perhaps even may not see eye to eye in the future, given the interests of the tech companies.

Defining 'Resilience': A Conversation with Dr. Julia Nesheiwat, former Homeland Security Advisor Jan 21, 2021

In this special episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we speak with Dr. Julia Nesheiwat, former Homeland Security Advisor (official title: Deputy Assistant to the President for Homeland Security & Resilience) to President Donald J. Trump. Julia discusses the Administration's response to COVID-19 with respects to the domain of homeland security, in addition to discussing her prior experience in working on resilience, especially with regards to climate change. Having served as the Chief Resilience Office of Florida, Julia had a unique insight on responses to the unique challenges posed by climate change. We draw on Julia's expertise in her current position in getting her take on what the top threats to the United States are, and then we touch a bit on one of Julia's past lives, when she was a key official involved in hostage negotiation. Lastly, Julia gives us her take on whether the Trump Administration achieved the goals it outlined for itself in the 2017 National Security Strategy.

Inside the Far Right: Dissecting the Assault on the Capitol and Domestic Terror Threats with NYT Magazine Contributor Janet Reitman Jan 18, 2021

The January 6th assault on the U.S. Capitol Building by a mob of far right extremists looking to overturn the results of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election was shocking to many, but not necessarily unexpected to some. A’ndre and Ryan speak to Janet Reitman, New York Times Magazine contributor, who is engaged in research on extremism, the far right, and domestic terrorism, to better understand why the events of the 6th happened, and why it’s *not* merely a one-off blip or a culmination of trends, but rather a new marker in the intensity of this threat. Janet provides her perspectives on what the ‘Far Right’ is, why it’s a threat (relative to the Far Left), and the complications in dealing with these domestic threats. Janet also discusses the lack of effort by the U.S. Government to adequately identify the radicalization of far right actors, but warns against “another War on Terror,” instead calling for a national conversation on this complicated topic to understand what is going on, and how we can halt radicalization.
Link to Janet’s 2018 article is here.

What in the World? (01/15/21) Jan 15, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the siege of the Capitol, more Biden Administration nominations, and some political crises in Europe. They also breakdown their recent op-ed in The Hill which advocates for a rethinking of U.S. cyber strategy.

From the Director's Chair: Javed Ali in Conversation with LTG (Ret.) James Clapper, former Director of National Intelligence Jan 14, 2021

In the latest edition of this mini-series, From the Director's Chair, Javed Ali (former NSC Senior Director of Counterterrorism) speaks with his old boss and mentor LTG James Clapper, who served as the Director of National Intelligence between 2010 and 2017, in addition to prior stints as Director of both the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency. LTG Clapper discusses his long career in the military and in the intelligence community, providing his perspectives on the big changes in the intelligence community from Vietnam through the Gulf War through today, using his career as the lens with which to view these from. LTG Clapper also discusses the creation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the subsequent integration of the IC, and how the prior arrangement that required the Director of Central Intelligence to both oversee the CIA and other agencies was fundamentally difficult.

Top Risks 2021 with Ian Bremmer, Eurasia Group President and Founder Jan 11, 2021

In this very special episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre and Ryan speak with Ian Bremmer, President and Founder of the Eurasia Group, who is widely seen as bringing the trade of political risk to prominence as an academic discipline and to practical usage in financial markets, in addition to introducing a range of other concepts that are widely applied in geopolitical conversations today. Bremmer speaks with The Burn Bag about the Eurasia Group's newest annual forecast of the top political risks that may affect the world in 2021. In this conversation, Ian digs into what he sees as Risk #1: #46, U.S. President Joe Biden, and how the trends leading to the recent assault on the U.S. Capitol Building may complicate Biden's Presidency and the broader U.S. political situation. Ian also discusses the other major risks, including COVID, climate change, the U.S.-China relationship, technology, and the future of the European Union. You can find the link to the full "Top Risks 2021" report here.
Additionally, subscribe to our brand new newsletter, here.

What in the World: Assault on the Capitol (01/07/21) Jan 08, 2021

In this week's episode, A'ndre, Ryan, and Javed discuss the siege of the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, January 6th. They breakdown the root causes, explanations for how such an event could have occurred, and what it means for the United States domestically and on the world stage. Finally, they explore the implications of resignations and whether action may be taken to remove President Trump from office.

From the Director's Chair: Javed Ali in Conversation with Chris Costa, former NSC Senior Director Jan 07, 2021

In the first episode of this new mini-series, From the Director’s Chair, our Executive Producer Javed Ali, who served as the former Senior Director of Counterterrorism on the NSC, interviews his former colleague Chris Costa, who currently serves as the Executive Director of the International Spy Museum. Costa served 34 years in government, with 25 of those years being for the U.S. Army, retiring as a colonel, and then holding a series of civil service positions in the government’s special operations community, wrapping it up with a year-long stint as Special Assistant to the President for Combating Terrorism, beginning in early 2017. Javed discusses this career at length with Chris — a career that Javed got to experience first hand, as the two men were colleagues and worked together on these issues of counterterrorism. We also get Chris’ insights on the state of U.S. counterterrorism policy, and what we might expect in the Biden Administration.

Diplomacy, Transitions, and the New Year: A Conversation with Ambassador Tom Shannon, former Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Jan 04, 2021

In The Burn Bag's first episode of 2021, A'ndre and Ryan chat with Ambassador Thomas Shannon, the former Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (the third highest ranking position at the State Department), who held the position of Career Ambassador and was the highest ranking member of the U.S. Foreign Service, and also served briefly as Acting Secretary of State in-between the tenures of John Kerry and Rex Tillerson. Ambassador Shannon tells us about that Obama-Trump White House transition, the flight of senior State Department officials at the time, and how he 'formally dissented' with a Trump Administration immigration policy at the tail-end of his service at State. Ambassador Shannon goes on to provide us with his take on what the incoming Biden Administration's foreign policy may likely look like, and how President-Elect Biden would need to build a bipartisan foreign policy while rebuilding confidence and engagement with U.S. allies. We then dig into some of the biggest geopolitical challenges that the Biden Administration will face: COVID-19, climate change, state threats, migration, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic -- and even space. The Ambassador also provides with his some perspectives on his own career, and his words of wisdom on the importance of these challenges to the vitality of the 'American Project'.

Sources and Methods: Recruiting Spies and Staying Left of Boom with Former CIA Operations Officer Daniel Hoffman Dec 28, 2020

In the latest installment of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre and Ryan sit down with former CIA Senior Clandestine Services Officer Daniel Hoffman for a wide-ranging discussion drawing upon his experience and expertise as an operations officer and a CIA Chief of Station. Hoffman digs into what it means to hire spies and covers why human intelligence is still vitally important and reliable to the United States, and how that information is processed. Hoffman, widely considered to be a leading Russia expert, gives us his take on Putin's Russia, discussing the recent revelations on the poisoning of a leading Russian opposition leader and how Putin aims to undermine the United States. Hoffman also talks about the importance of counterintelligence, and reacts to the recent news of a Chinese spy infiltrating certain political circles in the United States, that included the targeting of U.S. Congressman Eric Swalwell, a member of the House Intelligence Committee.

What in the World? (12/25/20) Dec 25, 2020

In this week's episode, A’ndre and Ryan dig into Russia's SolarWinds hacking with Javed Ali. They discuss what happened, the implications, and potential responses by the United States. The conversation concludes with Javed's take on the "dual-hatted" leadership of CYBERCOM and the NSA and why it may be beneficial to split the two.
Today's conversation is based on Javed's recent op-ed in Defense One and quotes from Mother Jones, WaPo, and ABC news.

"Intelligence is Weird": Strategic Innovation in the Community with Former PDDNI Sue Gordon Dec 21, 2020

In this episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, A'ndre and Ryan interview former Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence Sue Gordon, about her long and distinguished career in the CIA and as a leader in the Intelligence Community, and her perspectives on a range of issues. As PDDNI, Gordon was essentially the second-highest official leading the Intelligence Community, and she gives us her outlook on the IC's relationship with the President of the United States -- drawing directly from her own experiences in briefing five of our last six presidents. Gordon also discusses her views on innovation in the IC, detailing her role in the establishment of In-Q-Tel and the development of technology in the CIA. We also spoke to Sue about her departure from public service last year, whether she'd return to public service in the future, and her thoughts on diversity in the IC. Lastly, Gordon talks a bit about counterintelligence, and the threats posed in that realm by China and Russia, especially given recent circumstances.

What in the World? (12/18/20) Dec 18, 2020

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk about Russia's hacking of the U.S. government and the kidnapping of Nigerian schoolboys by Boko Haram. They also provide an update on the poisoning of Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny and discuss U.S. recognition of Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara.

All Hail the King? Thai Protests and Police Action with Professor Allen Hicken Dec 14, 2020

In this episode, we spoke with Professor Allen Hicken, professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan, about the protests in Thailand. Professor Hicken discusses the deep polarization of Thailand due, in part, to the ongoing protests of the past decade, the demands for reform of the Thai monarchy, and the dissolution of the Future Forward Party (FFP). Lastly, we speak about the future of Thailand, the influence of technology on the movement, and Professor Hicken’s prediction on how the Thai government and monarchy will respond to the youth’s demands.

What in the World? (12/11/20) Dec 11, 2020

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss President-elect Biden's announcement of General (Ret.) Lloyd Austin as SecDef nominee, US arms sales to the UAE, and the mass protests in India. They also talk to Javed Ali about Iran's potential responses to the killing of its lead nuclear scientist and what this may mean for the US and its allies.
Our conversation with Javed is based on his recent op-ed in The Hill.

Crisis in Ethiopia: The Conflict in Tigray with Professor Terrence Lyons Dec 08, 2020

In this special episode, we spoke with Terrence Lyons, Associate Professor of Conflict Resolution at George Mason University, about the ongoing conflict in Ethiopia. Professor Lyons discusses how the remnants of the Ethiopian Civil War led to political reforms initiated in 2018 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, creating an opening for peace, but also an opportunity for divisive ethnic politics to re-emerge. Professor Lyons also discusses the humanitarian crisis and the international community's response to Addis Ababa's crackdown. We close the conversation by looking to the future of Ethiopia and how individuals can keep up with the unfolding conflict.
For more information on the conflict, check out this article: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/15/world/africa/ethiopia-abiy-tigray.html

Oslo to Abraham: The United States and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Brookings Senior Fellow Bruce Riedel Dec 07, 2020

We talk with Bruce Riedel, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, about the Israel- Palestine conflict and broader geopolitics within the Middle East. Riedel draws on his experience as part of President Clinton's peace process team, and specifically talks about what he saw at the 2000 Camp David Summit, and why he did not have confidence in the summit's proceedings, which ultimately failed. Riedel also provides his outlook on the nature of the conflict overall, in addition to his take on the recent normalization agreements between Israel and the UAE, Sudan, and whether an Israel-Saudi Arabia normalization is on the horizon. Lastly, we get some insights on what the Biden Administration portends for these conflicts and situations.

What in the World? (12/04/20) Dec 04, 2020

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss potential Biden Administration nominees, tensions between China and Australia, and the death of Iran's top nuclear scientist. They also cover Israel's political turmoil and provide an update on the situation in Ethiopia.

The War on the Uyghurs: China's Cultural Genocide with Professor Sean Roberts Nov 30, 2020

In this episode, we talk with Professor Sean Roberts about the Uyghur people and their relations with China. Professor Roberts discusses the history of the Uyghurs, how China came to view them as a threat, and what the international community can do to stop this cultural genocide. Our conversation is based on Professor Roberts' new book,The War on the Uyghurs: China's Internal Campaign against a Muslim Minority.

What in the World? (11/27/20) Nov 27, 2020

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the current nominees for the Biden Cabinet, provide an update on what’s occurring in Ethiopia, and assess the recent developments between Israel and the Gulf States, the recent death of a CIA employee in Somalia, and offer their predictions on the possibility of an Edward Snowden pardon. The episode caps off with a very special interview with Dave Levy, Federal VP of Amazon Web Services.

Thinker, Teacher, Soldier, Spy: A Conversation with GEN (Ret.) David Petraeus Nov 23, 2020

In this very special episode of The Burn Bag, hosts A’ndre Gonawela and Ryan Rosenthal talk to former CIA Director GEN (Ret.) David Petraeus about a range of topics. General Petraeus gives us his take on current and future U.S. defense policy in the Middle East, and provides an insight into his own time as CENTCOM Commander in the 2000s dealing with 'nation-building' in Iraq and Afghanistan. We also talk to General Petraeus about his strategy in dealing with counterinsurgency in Iraq -- drawing on the General's own acclaimed 'Field Manual'. General Petraeus also addresses the challenges posed by regional powers and great powers, such as Iran, Russia, and even China on U.S. interests in the Middle East, and how other countries such as Pakistan have interfered in past U.S. efforts to ensure domestic stability in Afghanistan. General Petraeus does indeed also touch on the recent Defense Department shuffle by President Trump, and provides his thoughts on the current transition period and the national security implications of the ongoing non-cooperation by the Trump Administration.

What in the World? (11/20/20) Nov 20, 2020

In this week's episode, A'ndre and Ryan discuss the Pentagon's planned withdrawal from Iraq and Afghanistan, the humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia, and the political upheaval in Peru. We also cover Biden transition updates, the EU Budget veto, and Secretary Pompeo's Israel trip.

The State of the Intelligence Community: A Conversation with former NGA Director Robert Cardillo Nov 19, 2020

In this special episode of The Burn Bag, hosts A’ndre Gonawela and Ryan Rosenthal talk to Robert Cardillo, former Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) on a variety of important topics pertaining to the state of the intelligence community. We discuss the relationship between the intelligence community and policymakers, NGA monitoring our adversaries, the future of intelligence in the Biden administration, and the importance of intelligence in a world that is increasingly becoming more connected. Robert provides us with key insights on how the NGA works together with the other intelligence agencies and the strides the intelligence community made in integrating the community, highlighting their cooperation during the Ghouta Chemical Attack in the Summer of 2013. We cap off the interview with Director Cardillo’s thoughts on returning to government and the ‘remarkable’ talent of the Biden team.

Persistent Excellence: A Conversation with CENTCOM Commander Gen. Frank McKenzie Nov 16, 2020

In this special installment of The Burn Bag, our executive producer Javed Ali (former NSC Senior Director of Counterterrorism) had the opportunity to have a conversation with sitting CENTCOM Commander General Frank McKenzie. GEN McKenzie and Javed talk about the biggest issues and challenges facing the US Central Command in its Area of Responsibility, which stretches from the Middle East to parts of Central and South Asia. The General candidly discusses Iran (and issues a warning for the Iranian Government), the current situation in Iraq, and his assessment of the challenges facing the ongoing negotiations for the Afghan Peace Process. The General also discusses Russia's presence in the region, and the ongoing fight against ISIS in Syria.

What in the World? (11/13/20) Nov 13, 2020

In our inaugural "What in the World?" episode, A'ndre and Ryan cover the week's top national security and foreign policy stories. They breakdown the shakeup at the Pentagon, the ceasefire between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and President-elect Biden's potential cabinet picks.

Eye in the Sky: Dual-Use Drones with MODUS Founder LCDR (Ret.) Dan Hubert Nov 09, 2020

In this episode, A'ndre and Ryan talk to Dan Hubert, former LCDR in the US Navy and the founder of MODUS, about surveillance drones, drones in the private sector, his 'battlefield to the boardroom' story, and the broader defense industry in the private sector. Dan provides us with a keen insight on the history of surveillance drones in the US military, and how they have been employed -- drawing on his own personal experience as a Unit Officer-in-Charge of UAVs in Iraq. We talk about how drones have contributed to the collection of geospatial intelligence, and the nature of network-centric and information warfare. Dan then takes us into the defense industry in the private sector, where we discuss corporate espionage, the prevalence of geopolitics in commercial usage of drones, and how data privacy can portend to be a significant security risk to the average everyday citizen. If you're interested in hearing more about Dan's work with MODUS, you can visit their website here: https://www.modus-ai.com/about/

Hemispheric Pressure: Crises and Competition in Latin America with Fmr. NSC Senior Director Juan Cruz Nov 02, 2020

In this latest installment of The Burn Bag, hosts A'ndre Gonawela and Ryan Rosenthal have a lively discussion on US interests in Latin America with Juan Cruz, who served on the National Security Council between 2017 and 2019 as the Senior Director for Western Hemisphere affairs and as a Senior Assistant to the President. Juan has had a deep role in shaping the Trump Administration's approach to Latin America, and in this episode Juan discusses the political crisis in Venezuela, the ongoing terse relations between the United States and Cuba, and the current state of Colombia in the years following the peace agreement that was signed between the Government and FARC. Juan also provides some insights on broader US grand strategy for the region, in addition to where a potential Biden Administration or continued Trump Administration will take the United States policy-wise with regards to Latin America.

Defending the Homeland: Crises, Controversies, and Successes at the Department of Homeland Security with Former Senior Official Tom Warrick Oct 26, 2020

In this hard-hitting episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we talk to Tom Warrick, the former DHS Deputy Assistant Secretary for Counterterrorism Policy, on a variety of important and controversial topics that have pertained to the Department of Homeland Security since its founding in 2001. We dig deep into how successful DHS has been in the years since 9/11 in thwarting terrorist acts and whether the stringent safety measures that have been taken are actually necessary. Building on that, we ask Tom about allegations of 'racial profiling' and 'surveillance' of Muslims and other minorities in counterterrorism procedures, in addition to the 'intel mindset' of screening. We then also talk about the Trump Administration's border security policies, what real security threats actually exist at the US-Mexico border, and the controversies on issues such as child-separations, the 'Muslim Ban', and ICE. We cap off the interview with a brief conversation on election security, as we soon approach November 3rd and the presidential election. We hope you enjoy this wide-ranging and in-depth interview.

Views from the Hill: A Conversation with US Senator Maggie Hassan Oct 22, 2020

In this special episode, we chatted with Senator Maggie Hassan (D-NH) about the Trump Administration's response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Senator's legislative work on cyber-security, and the debate around federal funding for law enforcement. Senator Hassan, a member of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, also discusses her view on the recent actions by DHS and other federal agencies that sought to quell the civil unrest seen in Portland and other cities. We also dig deep into the Senator's work on addressing the opioid crisis, an issue that has rippled through her home state New Hampshire and the country overall.

"Howdy, Modi": US-India Relations and the China Threat with Former Indian Ambassador to the US Arun Singh Oct 18, 2020

In this episode, we talk with former Indian Ambassador Arun Singh to dissect the current US-India relationship. We assess the relationship under the Trump Administration and the Modi Government, and what the relationship may look like if a Biden Administration is inaugurated in January. We also cover the deepening rift between India and China in the aftermath of the skirmishes at the border Sino-Indian border at Ladakh, how India may try to counter China's growing sphere of influence in South and Southeast Asia, and whether the rift means a closer US-India relationship. We also touch briefly on how Pakistan fits into the bilateral relationship, and whether any diplomatic complications may arise due to events in Kashmir.

Out of this World: US Space Policy with Brookings Senior Fellow Frank Rose Oct 12, 2020

In this episode, we talked with Frank Rose, Brookings Senior Fellow and co-director of the Security and Strategy team, about US space operations and the establishment of the Space Force. We dove into the thinking of space as a military domain, existing international frameworks regulating (or not regulating) the use of space and space weaponry, and how space will factor into great power competition between the United States, and Russia and China. We also dig into the commercial space race, and how public-private partnerships may be an avenue for future space operations as the US Government continues to advance its interests in space, parallel to the success of companies such as SpaceX. Before working at Brookings, Frank Rose previously served as Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance, and prior to that was the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Space and Defense Policy.

War in the Caucasus: The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict with Former Ambassador to the OSCE Ian Kelly Oct 05, 2020

In this episode, we talked with former US Ambassador Ian Kelly about the history and current status of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Ambassador Kelly, who also served as US Co-Chair of the Minsk Group, discusses the significance of the contested region to Armenia and Azerbaijan, how regional players such as Turkey, Russia, and Iran are involved, and what international actors should do to bring about a ceasefire.

The State of National Security: Priorities and Challenges for the 2020s with Former NSC Senior Director Javed Ali Sep 28, 2020

In this episode, we spoke with former NSC Senior Director Javed Ali about the security implications of COVID-19, domestic terror threats, and election security. We also discussed the politicization of intelligence and controversial actions by the Department of Homeland Security.

Across the Pond: UK Foreign Policy in a Post-Brexit World with Former UK National Security Advisor Sir Mark Lyall Grant Sep 21, 2020

In this episode, we interviewed former UK National Security Advisor Sir Mark Lyall Grant about a range of topics seeking to understand Britain's position in the current geopolitical context, especially in the aftermath of Brexit. We dig deep into several issues affecting key regions, stretching from Europe into South and East Asia, including Britain's relationship with countries such as Russia and Pakistan, the Diego Garcia issue, and of course the special relationship between Britain and the United States, especially during the Trump Era. Moreover, we assess Sir Grant's take on the rise of China, having conversations on the recent unrest in Hong Kong, a growing Chinese presence in South Asia, and more. Lastly, we seek to understand the security implications of Brexit and the impact of COVID-19 on these issues.

Russian Roulette: Poisonings, Protests, and Policy with Fmr. US Ambassador to Russia John Beyrle Sep 14, 2020

In this episode, we talked with former U.S. Ambassador to Russia, John Beyrle, about Russia's domestic politics, foreign interventions, and relations with the United States. We touch on the recent poisoning of Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny, developments in Belarus, Russian goals in the Middle East, and the implications of New START expiring and the broader arms control landscape. Additionally, Ambassador Beyrle shares a fascinating personal story about his father, that helped shape his tenure as U.S. Ambassador to Russia from 2008 to 2012.

9/11: Tragedy, Heroism, and Nineteen Years of Reflection with Garrett Graff Sep 11, 2020

In this special episode, we reflect on the tragic events of 9/11 with journalist and author Garrett Graff. We framed the conversation around Garrett's bestselling book, The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11, which brings together transcripts, declassified documents, and first-hand perspectives to provide a minute-by-minute account of the September 11 attacks.

Defense Assessment: NATO and Nukes in the Trump Era with Dr. Michael O'Hanlon Sep 07, 2020

In this episode of The Burn Bag Podcast, we interviewed Dr. Michael O'Hanlon, Senior Fellow and Director of Research with the Foreign Policy team at the Brookings Institution, about NATO, defense spending, great power competition, and the nuclear playing field. Dr. O'Hanlon offers a 'grade' for the Trump Administration's foreign policy performance, the planned removal of US troops from Germany, and what shifts in foreign policy may or may not occur with a new Biden Administration or a second Trump Administration. Dr. O'Hanlon is the author of many books, including The Senkaku Paradox: Risking Great Power War Over Limited Stakes and Beyond NATO: A New Security Architecture for Eastern Europe.

The Spymaster: A Conversation with Former Acting CIA Director Michael Morell Aug 31, 2020

In this episode, we talk with former Acting CIA Director Michael Morell about his career in the agency, including being with President Bush on 9/11 and playing a leading role in the planning and execution of the bin Laden raid. We also discuss common myths about the agency and significant threats facing the United States.

The Surveillance State: Data Privacy, 5G, and China with Fmr. House Intelligence Chairman Mike Rogers Aug 24, 2020

In this episode, we talked with former Congressman Mike Rogers about data privacy, TikTok, the race for 5G supremacy, and the need for American innovation. We also discuss the relationship between Congress and the IC, the PATRIOT Act, and Congressional authority for warfare.

After bin Laden: Terror Threats at Home and Abroad with Peter Bergen Aug 17, 2020

In this episode we spoke with CNN national security analyst and New America VP Peter Bergen. Peter discusses the evolution of al-Qa'ida, his 1997 interview with Usama bin Laden, and the global jihadist threat today. He also provides insights about domestic terrorism in the United States.

Blips and Bytes: A Conversation with former NSA Director Mike Rogers Aug 13, 2020

In this special release, we talked with former NSA Director Admiral (Ret.) Mike Rogers about the intelligence community, cyberwarfare, and his service in the US Navy. Admiral Rogers discusses the evolution of intelligence gathering, the impact of rapidly changing technology, implications of the Edward Snowden affair, and whether the US needs a Cyber Force.

Prosecuting Hate: Confronting Domestic Terrorism with former US Attorney Barbara McQuade Aug 10, 2020

In this episode we spoke with former US Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan and current University of Michigan Law School professor Barbara McQuade. Professor McQuade shares her insights on legal approaches to prosecuting and preventing domestic terrorism, as well as highlights from her legal career.

War in the Shadows: The Changing Counterterrorism Landscape with LTG (Ret.) Michael Nagata Aug 03, 2020

In this episode, we talked with LTG (Ret.) Michael Nagata about counterterrorism, U.S. Special Operations, and national security decision-making. LTG Nagata covers his experience fighting ISIS, how military tactics have changed, and why he joined the Army.

PART II: A Delicate Peace in the World's Newest Country with fmr. Ambassador Susan D. Page Aug 03, 2020

In Part II, we talked with Ambassador Page about the South Sudanese Civil War, her experiences on the ground, and serving at the United Nations.
To learn more about the Ambassador, follow her on Twitter @susandpage.

PART I: A Delicate Peace in the World's Newest Country with fmr. Ambassador Susan D. Page Aug 03, 2020

In Part 1, we talked with former Ambassador Susan D. Page about U.S. foreign policy in Africa and the Sudanese Civil Wars.
To learn more about the Ambassador, follow her on Twitter @susandpage.

Election Security and Cyber-Warfare with Ellen Nakashima Jul 29, 2020

In this episode, we talked with Pulitzer Prize-winning Washington Post reporter Ellen Nakashima about her coverage of cyber issues. Ellen discusses Russia's 2016 election interference, the upcoming 2020 election, and how the U.S. approaches cyber-warfare.
Check out Ellen's reporting at The Washington Post and make sure to follow her on Twitter @nakashimae.

Breaking the Taliban Bounty Story with Eric Schmitt Jul 29, 2020

In our inaugural episode, we spoke with NYT journalist Eric Schmitt about his groundbreaking Taliban bounty story. Eric provides a detailed account of how Russia orchestrated a bounty program with the Taliban to target U.S. troops in Afghanistan. He also provides great insight into national security journalism and how his career has evolved.
Check out Eric's reporting at The New York Times and follow him on Twitter @ericschmittNYT.

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