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    Natural Sciences

    The Amp Hour

    The Amp Hour is a weekly conversation about electronics and the people who design them.

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    Copyright: Copyright © The Amp Hour Electronics Podcast 2020

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    Latest Episodes:
    Generic Nodes with Orkhan Amiraslanov Sep 13, 2021
    Show notes Welcome, Orkhan Amiraslanov (@azerimaker) from The Things Industries!
    • LoRa
    • LoRaWAN
    • Class A, B, C Devices
    • Richard Ginus (TWTG) came on the show to discuss LoRa based products
      • ThingsUNO
      • ThingsNode
    • JP Norair also worked on LoRaWAN systems, but talked about some of the limitations.
    • The Things Stack
    • The Things Network
    • Orkhan is originally from Azerbijian and studied industrial automation and process control.
    • He went to a German research center for AI for graduate work
    • While there, his masters thesis involved large (64x64 cm display) Electroluminescent (EL) displays driven by an FPGA
    • Similar to how Ben Krasnow's EL displays work (but larger)
    • SAMR34
    • SX1276
    • Xplained board
    • Orkhan learned KiCad 2014
    • The radio module has a 0.5 mm pitch BGA, but he was able to get it fabbed by oshpark!
    • The form factor Orkhan uses most often is the (adafruit) Feather pinout.
    • Atmel software framework
    • Atmel Studio
    • Ported to PlatformIO
    • ElectronicCats
    • Putting device credentials onto device
    • Spreading factor
      • Orkhan said "kB" on the show, but later corrected. Here are the official number
      • 51 usable bytes for the slowest data rates, SF10, SF11 and SF12 on 125kHz
      • 115 bytes for SF9 on 125kHz
      • ~222 usable bytes for faster rates, SF7 and SF8 on 125kHz (and SF7 on 250kHz)
    • Andreas Spiess reached 149 kM with LoRa
    • A weather balloon got 750 kM
    • Fair use policy mandates no more than 1% transmitting time.
    • Common uses for LoRaWAN is Industry / Smart City
    • Reiner van der Lee made the Vinduino, who Chris met during early Supercon
    • Device Marketplace
    • Wienke is the CEO of The Things Industries called Orkhan to work on The Generic Node
    • STM32WL
      • Semtech licensed the SX1276, so the ST part is a SIP, not a SOC (chips connected by wires)
      • Two version: single/dual core
      • Dual Cortex M4 / M0+
      • Open source
    • Power on the Generic Node
      • 300 nA quiescent buck
      • Designed to be low power
      • 1.8 uA in sleep mode
      • Used the Otii to measure sleep/transmit power
    • CE testing output power
      • 100 mW / 14 dBm in the EU
      • US is 22 dBm (FCC testing)
      • Created multiple outputs to allow different channels
    • Generic Node Pricing:
      • Probably will be $70 for low volume
      • Hoping to get to $40 for future higher volume pricing
    • Fractus antenna
    • There will be a Virtual Conference about The Generic Node
    • The Things Conference in Amsterdam
    • Generic Node SDK
    • Clock sourcing with ST
    • TCXO was a problematic sourcing part
    • Find Orkhan online
      • @AzeriMaker
      • Makertronika Blog
      • Email: orkhanamiraslan@gmail.com
    Livestream available here:

    https://youtu.be/cvGaDz7wZag

    Firmware for Hardware Engineers with Phillip Johnston Sep 07, 2021
    Show notes

    Welcome Phillip Johnston of Embedded Artistry!

    • Phillip was on episode 290 of Embedded.fm
    • Phillip's firmware experience started at a military contractor. He also had a programming background from high school.
    • The minimum product is a bootloader and has remote firmware update capabilities
    • General guidelines and design methodologies for writing better firmware
      • Separation of concerns: break things down smaller
      • How to hide information
      • Loosely coupled to the hardware
    • "How can I make this smaller?"
    • "Can I test this without the hardware?"
    • Either James Grenning / Jacob Beningo talk about "There is no spoon" and hardware is just another dependency.
    • Flex paging system example
    • Recorded data over the radio
    • Continuous Integration (CI)/ Continuous Deployment (CD)
    • Test Driven Development (TDD) is a well known software engineering concept that James Grenning teaches for embedded development
      • Start sketching out on the computer first
      • What interfaces do I need to create
      • Interface with sensors using a direct interface from the desktop like the Aardvark
      • Isolating someone else's code into its own box
    • Writing it using x86 based GCC or CLang
    • Forces you to think about dependencies
    • Lager data episode with Akbar (hardware in the loop testing)
    • Setting up tests
    • E&O insurance
    • What does a test suite look like?
    • Phillip uses Jenkins for his build system, but there is also GitHub actions, circleCI, travis
    • Hardware in the loop test
    • When should people start CI?
    • Need to build from command line
    • Automated systems allows you to leverage yourself
    • Embedded Artistry has Courses that teach people how to build systems for their embedded systems
    • Design for Change is an upcoming course
    • Putting the pipeline in place
    • Start by checking code on the server
    • Having a shell on the device
    • What does 'best' look like?
    • Mixed metaphors in software
    • Dealing with multiple PCB builds
    • Dwigt
    • What happens when the complexity goes up (networking interface)?
    • Testing in more difficult environments
    • nRF5 SDK to Zephyr
    • Treat an RTOS like any other dependency
    • Zephyr
    • Low power seems to be lacking
    Links from Embedded Artistry that our listeners might find useful, not already linked above:
    • Embedded Artistry
      • Welcome - for people unfamiliar with us, this is a great place to start
      • For Beginners - mentioned in the podcast
      • Newsletter - we send out a monthly industry update along with other embedded-related emails
      • Course Library
      • Membership Information
    • Consulting
    Timing is Everything Aug 31, 2021
    Show notes

    Dave and Chris celebrate their 555th show by doing a live Q&A recording. There was also a video version:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GO0aY0c2_pA

    An Interview with Alan Wolke (Re-broadcast) Aug 24, 2021
    Show notes

    For the original show notes (and much more active comment section) check out the original page: https://theamphour.com/theamphour-117-undulating-utensil-utility/

    To listen to all episodes in your podcast listener back to episode one, use the LibSyn feed (our hosting platform): https://theamphour.libsyn.com/

    Interested in joining us on 8/26 (find your local time here) on the air? Submit requests to join and questions here: feedback@theamphour.com

    PLEASE be a die shrink Aug 16, 2021
    Show notes
    • After using it for his move, Chris realized he was co-dependent with label printer (QL-1050)
    • USB A (was wrong, Chris was actually talking about USB Type B recepticles)
    • Barnaclues broke off a USB connection and Dave cheered him on to try out soldering it back on
    • Chris has been trying out putting M.2 modules and connectors and posting about his learnings on Twitter. The discussion was inspired by work from @timonsku, who was a guest on The Contextual Electronics podcast.
    • Some companies like Blues Wireless and Sparkfun's MicroMod don't use the actual standard, they just use the low cost connector.
    • This is commonly done with re-using low cost cables (DB9, ethernet, etc)
    • Andy Weir has a new book out called Project Hail Mary
    • Firefox movie
    • M.2 on Wiki
    • PCIe is meant to be 85 ohm characteristic impedance. This is different than USB (90 ohms) and many ethernet connections (100 ohms)
    • Error rate
    • Dave showed that the BM786 multimeter can be factory reprogrammed and viewers got upset
    • Is 121GW is the most open DMM?
    • Humans are the problem
    • Past guest Nash Reilly wrote about why he might not be releasing a v2 of the bFunc. It's a good discussion of the economics of hardware (which Dave has made a video about in the past) and how the test equipment market has special considerations.
    • Saleae does a lot of value-add in terms of software. We had Mark and Joe on the show when they were moving towards the Logic Pro line.
    • Dave's 10 MHz DDS function generator
    • AD9837
    • Some test companies get better results by binning. There is a maker who measures LTZ1000 and bins/trims them as a business, selling the output.
    • Sometimes their competitive advantage is scale: buy more parts (especially fancy custom parts) and you can get more margin.
    • Vishay is removing the laser markings from precision resistors
    • Getting Product Change Notifications can be stressful. We find ourselves opening emails uttering, "PLEASE be a die shrink"
    • AOI - Automated Optical Inspection
    • ESP32-H2 will have support for 802.15.4, thread, ZigBee. The ESP32-C3 is out now and has a single core RISC V processor. Chris thinks this is the first RISC V many people will get.
    • Former guest Bil Herd released a book about his time at Commodore
    • Former guest Chris Denney does a podcast for Worthington Assembly (with Circuit Hub). They just did an episode about "Small PCB layout decisions that have a significant impact on assembly", which was really great!
    Thanks to Gene Han for the photo of the wafers
    Debunking with Shahriar Aug 10, 2021
    Show notes

    Welcome Back Shahriar! Other episodes here.

    • https://theamphour.com/228-an-interview-with-shahriar-from-the-signal-path-quisquous-quivering-quadripole/
    • https://theamphour.com/430-shahriar-discusses-5g/
    Show notes
    • 00:00 - Shahriar from The Signal Path
    • 16:05 - Using 6G technology to fuse radar mapping and data transfer
    • 18:45 - Product design in research
    • 20:45 - Angstrom level chip design & Moore's Law.
    • 23:54 - Silicon Germanium and Silicon on Sapphire technology
    • 26:58 - Gallium Nitride & Marketing BS
    • 30:05 - The Limits of Debunking
    • 32:20 - Scams you can't debunk. Flat earthers. And the erosion of confidence in science
    • 35:04 - From burning witches to burning rocket fuel
    • 35:51 - Youtube and Facebook algorithms. Publisher vs Platform
    • 39:12 - Should you even debunk?
    • 44:21 - Famous people who spak out & Cancel Culture
    • 47:51 - How to teach critical thinking
    • 51:00 - Credibility of sources
    • 53:54 - Energy Saver BS
    • 56:45 - Wifi protection BS
    • 58:34 - A well educated public
    • 1:03:14 - Authorities going bad
    • 1:07:32 - Teching kids critical thinking skills
    Video version:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj3lD8glbHM&t=4s

    Shouting at chips with Colin O'Flynn Aug 02, 2021
    Show notes

    Welcome back, Colin O’Flynn of NewAE Technology! He was last on the show for episode 239 in 2015, as he was releasing the Chip Whisperer

    We recorded this all on video as well:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRGPltf0KBg

    • Colin is an assistant professor at Dalhousie University, where he got his PhD. He is moving out of that role (and likely into a role as an Adjunct) as of 8/31. Private sector, FTW!
    • Side channel analysis
    • Colin has been testing the security of the doorlocks on his new building
    • Samy Kamkar was on episode 308, and is now working on a smart doorlock system.
    • Jon Beri (ep 526) also mentioned doorlock security and the vertical nature of the industry
    • The point of university
    • Colin is doing remote training for Black Hat this year.
    • Getting access to the pins on the Apple AirTag
    • "Wibbly wobbly, timey wimey, What's really inside Apple's U1 Chip"
    • Apple U1 Chip
    • advancedsecurity.training
    • Meetups
    • The new(er) Chip Shouter kit is for Fault Injection
    • Colin tried it on early Trezor wallets
    • It's surprising there isn't a stamp of approval like a UL certification for embedded device security.
    • How can you test your product for security issues?
    • The ARM PSA is a self checklist and certification program.
    • Colin has been working on The Hardware Hacking Handbook with Jasper van Woudenberg. The book is due out in November.
    • Smart Locks - Schlage
    • Starlink dish
    • Ransomware for IoT
    • Dumping firmware
    • Unlocking firmware
    • Sourcing woes
    • ChipWhisperer Husky is coming out soon, keep an eye on Crowd Supply for the latest news about the
    • Colin has been using his Desktop PNP less often
    • How should you get started? Try the ChipWhisperer Nano
    • Colin is taking Matt Venn's Zero to ASIC course
    Feed the Mouse Jul 26, 2021
    Show notes

    Want to WATCH this week’s episode?

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ai_U6cVa35A

    Subcribe to get future videos!

    • NTSC is dead
    • The Crown
    • Meeting nerds
    • Mains on breadboards
    • DC transient fundaments - Capacitors and inductors
    • PlasticARM
    • All my projects are on hold
    • Storage space
    • LUNA is currently crowdfunding
    • Michael Ossmann has been on The Amp Hour many times
    • The FPGA designer who didn't get the job
    • Repair
    • Test tools
    • Embedded Resume (a project site to help a young engineer get a job)
    • Bluetooth COVID test
    • Woz is behind Right To Repair
    • iFixit
    As always, you can check out /r/theamphour for any links we didn't talk about or to post links for us to talk about next time!

    Image thanks to @slworking on Flickr

    Finishing Prototypes with Zack Freedman Jul 19, 2021
    Show notes

    This is a crossover episode with The Contextual Electronics podcast (also made by Chris). There is a video version of this podcast available as well. Interested in keeping up with The CE Podcast? Search or subscribe on the iTunes page, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts

    • 0:00 Introduction
    • 2:05 What Zack is building (a computer)
    • 2:40 A water cooled oscilloscope
    • 3:40 How Zack got started
    • 4:40 Hackaday article
    • 5:20 Bluetooth heads up display
    • 5:40 Hoboken Hackerspace
    • 7:15 NYC electronics scene
    • 8:30 Working with artists
    • 10:00 Working on the set of Mr Robot
    • 11:05 Doing a first run prototype for a startup
    • 13:10 Building skills in high pressure environments and on consulting jobs
    • 17:45 Working on deadlines
    • 19:10 How many projects are in a single video?
    • 20:45 Building subassemblies
    • 21:30 Building projects "backwards" (outside in)
    • 23:00 Not thinking your idea is the last good idea you'll ever have
    • 24:15 The prototyping mindset
    • 27:00 Ranking risk in a project
    • 29:15 Usability in wearable projects
    • 31:30 "The role of most prototypes is to try to kill the idea"
    • 33:30 What makes people want to buy a prototype?
    • 35:45 Minimizing features in any one prototype / test
    • 36:30 Consumer products should be shown to thousands before going to market
    • 38:00 YouTubers' battle for attention (check out Voidstar Lab to see all of Zack's videos)
    • 41:00 YouTube theories
    • 44:45 Zack's persona
    • 47:00 Filming b-roll to keep things interesting
    • 51:00 YouTube comment positivity
    • 52:25 Maker Twitter
    • 54:00 Full time YouTube
    • 54:20 Changes in the hardware space since 2012
    • 56:40 Prototyping tools
    • 58:30 "The Maker Movement"
    • 59:25 Working for industrial clients
    • 1:01:40 Focusing on the technology vs the purpose of the technology
    • 1:03:30 Building a project because you want the thing (output)
    • 1:05:30 Technology being used to move the world forward
    • 1:07:15 What will Zack build in the future?
    • 1:09:40 The Cyberdeck
    • 1:12:15 Cyberdeck cafe Discord
    • 1:13:10 Building on a stream vs on a video (streams happen on Zack's Patreon every Monday and Friday)
    • 1:14:40 Previously wanting to go into game design
    • 1:16:30 Providing a representation of what people think the process is
    • 1:17:20 People think IronMan is reality
    • 1:18:20 Bringing people into the field
    • 1:20:25 "Finish more projects"
    • 1:23:30 Going beyond the getting started projects
    • 1:26:20 People genuinely interested in a topic will skip beginner classes
    • 1:27:35 Engineering is intrinsically solitary
    • 1:29:30 Trying to figure out gender discrepancies in making
    • 1:31:05 "What's it like to put yourself out there?"
    • 1:32:30 Putting yourself out there will help you find more positive feedback
    • 1:35:05 Building community
    • 1:37:00 Finding Zack's work and joining his community
      • Patreon
      • YouTube
      • Discord
      • Twitter
      • Instagram
    • 1:38:40 Conclusion
    Creative Engineering with Shrouk El-Attar Jul 12, 2021
    Show notes

    Welcome, Shrouk El-Attar!

    • After her own experiences as a refugee, Shrouk did a campaign for equal access to education for asylum seekers in the UK. There are now over 75 participating institutions.
    • Shrouk asked how The Amp Hour started, it was from a post on reddit!
    • University days and trying to do hands-on tinkering without much budget
    • Apprenticeship schemes
    • Shrouk interned at Intel and Fujitsu
    • She also worked on a device that helped train eye surgeons
    • Consumer class 2 Medical Devices
    • Elvie pump
    • Reading the docs is critical when doing certification for medical
    • Design for Test
    • Doing engineering every day, but not always design
    • Shrouk refers to the products at Elvie as "FemTech"
    • Chris has experience with Willow and Spectra breast pumps
    • The Elvie pump is piezoelectric
    • The Elvie Trainer is a pelvic floor trainer to help with incontinence, which 80M+ people suffer from.
    • Shrouk worked in conjunciton with the app team, who communicated with the trainer over bluetooth and developed games
    • FPGAs for industrial robotics
    • Shrouk's new series for RS Grassroots will help engineers understand how to outfit their bench and will be called "Trickytronics"
    • Chris always recommends the Analog Discovery 2 as a starting device. Former president of Digilent Clint Cole was on the show.
    • Shrouk is also an artist!
      • She's a belly dancer! She does performances as a drag king and posts about it on Instagram as @dancingqueerofficial
      • She can neither confirm nor deny she's working on a belly dancing robot.
      • Engineering in the art world
      • Shrouk is working on solo show
    • Shrouk also does podcasts!
      • An RS Grassroots series called Badass Engineers
      • A video series called El Kanaba, which focuses on LGBT+ issues and is presented in Arabic
    • The importance of representation and seeing different people working in engineering. Chris remembers the #BlackInSTEM hashtag highlighting Black scientists and engineers in different industries.
    • Consulting
    • The Shrouk El Attar trust (SEAT) helps support the LGBT+ community in Egypt and other surrounding nations.
    • At Helpful Engineering, Shrouk worked on the OpenVent project, which was done in KiCad and used Gowin FPGAs
    • They used an FPGA because they needed high throughput for sensors. They were also able to utlize the internal comparators.
    • Organizing volunteers for large projects
    • MHRA is the UK equivalent of the FDA (in the US)
    • Follow Shrouk online!
      • Website: shro.uk
      • Instagram: @DancingQueerOfficial
      • LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/shroukel-attar
      • Twitter: @ShroukELA
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