Stuff You Missed in History Class - iHeartPodcasts

Latest Episodes:

SYMHC Live: Gin Cocktails and Jerry Thomas Nov 27, 2023

This episode was recorded (mostly) live at the AC Hotel Los Angeles South Bay, where we talked about Collinses, the Bees Knees, and a man who is iconic in bartending history.

Research:

Brown, Jared, and Anistatia Miller. “Is the Bee’s Knees Cocktail Making a Comeback?” Imbibe Live. Feb. 22, 2022. https://live.imbibe.com/en-gb/blog/spirits-and-cocktails/bees-knees-cocktail-comeback.html
“The Gourd Club.” New York Times. May 10, 1878. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/05/10/80682606.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Garrett, Dylan. “Tom Collins.” Liquor.com. Sept. 5, 2023. https://www.liquor.com/recipes/tom-collins-2/#:~:text=The%20Tom%20Collins%20is%20basically,essentially%20a%20gin%2Dsour%20spritz.
Grimes, William. “The Bartender Who Started It All.” New York Times. Oct. 31, 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/31/dining/31cock.html
Grimes, William. “CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; Shaken, Stirred or Mixed, The Gilded Age Lives Again.” March 26, 2003. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/26/dining/critic-s-notebook-shaken-stirred-or-mixed-the-gilded-age-lives-again.html
“In and About the City: A Noted Saloon Keeper Dead.” New York Times. December 16, 1885. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/12/16/103643963.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Kurash, Jody. “Cocktail of the Month: It’s the Bee’s Knees!” The Georgetowner. Sept. 14, 2022. https://georgetowner.com/articles/2022/09/14/cocktail-of-the-month-its-the-bees-knees/
Rothbaum, Noah. “Frank Meier, The Paris Ritz’s Mysterious Bartender Spy.” The Daily Beast. Aug. 2, 2015. https://www.thedailybeast.com/frank-meier-the-paris-ritzs-mysterious-bartender-spy
Sutcliffe, Theodora. “Jerry Thomas.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/2882/people/jerry-thomas
“Tom Collins.” Yorkville Enquirer. June 11, 1874. https://www.newspapers.com/image/339414525/?terms=%22Tom%20Collins%22%20&match=1
“Tom Collins in Town.” Carlisle Weekly Herald. July 9, 1874. https://www.newspapers.com/image/269986710/?terms=%22Tom%20Collins%22%20&match=1
Difford, Simon. “Collins Cocktails – recipes and history.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/490/cocktails/collins-cocktails-recipes-and-history
Mazzeo, Tilar J. “The Hotel on Place Vendome: Life, Death, and Betrayal at the Hotel Ritz in Paris.” Harper. 2014.
“Molly Brown Biography.” Biography.com. April 27, 2021. https://www.biography.com/activists/molly-brown
Seiter, Matt. “The Ricky and the Collins: Two Cocktail Classics.” Feast. Feb. 27, 2015. https://www.feastmagazine.com/recipes/the-rickey-and-the-collins-two-cocktail-classics/article_40844aa2-bdd7-11e4-9031-2f85f8e5854c.html
Thenon, Georges Gabriel. “Cocktails de Paris.” Editions Demangel. Paris. 1929. Accessed online: https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1929-Cocktails-de-Paris/72/
Wondrich, David. “Imbibe!” Penguin. 2015.

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SYMHC Classics: Mirabal Sisters Nov 25, 2023

This 2018 episode covers the four Mirabal sisters, who are national heroes in the Dominican Republic. But they weren't very well-known elsewhere until 20 or so years ago when they became the subject of a historical novel.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Bertillon and Rebecca Nov 24, 2023

Holly and Tracy discuss Bertillon's influence in the practice of people carrying ID cards. Tracy talks about how much she loves historical uprisings that include smashing things.

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The Rebecca Riots Nov 22, 2023

The Rebecca Riots took place in Wales in the 1830s and 1840s. While these events are often described as a protest against heavy road tolls, that was only a small part of the story.

Research:

Age of Revolution. “Rebecca and her daughters.” https://ageofrevolution.org/200-object/rebecca-and-her-daughters/
Age of Revolution. “Tollhouse designed by Thomas Telford.” https://ageofrevolution.org/200-object/tollhouse-designed-by-thomas-telford/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rebecca Riots". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Oct. 2010, https://www.britannica.com/event/Rebecca-Riots. Accessed 26 October 2023.
Evans, Henry Tobit. “Rebecca and her daughters, being a history of the agrarian disturbances in Wales known as The Rebecca Riots. Edited by G.T. Evans.” Cardiff Educational Pub. Co. 1910.
Evans, Neil. “The Rebecca Riots.” Wales History. https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/politics_rebecca_riots.shtml
Jones, David J. V. “Rebecca's children : a study of rural society, crime, and protest.” Oxford : Clarendon Press ; New York : Oxford University Press. 1989.
Jones, Rhian E. “Petticoat Heroes: Gender, Culture and Popular Protest in the Rebecca Riots.” University of Wales Press. 2015.
Loveluck-Edwards, Graham. “19th Century Welsh insurrection | The Merthyr Rising | The Rebecca Riots | The Chartists Revolt.” Via YouTube. 6/17/2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZRrPJ3eDKE
Rees, Lowri Anne. “Paternalism and rural protest: the Rebecca riots and the landed interest of south-west Wales.” The Agricultural History Review , 2011, Vol. 59, No. 1 (2011). http://www.jstor.com/stable/41330097
Rees, Lowri Anne. “The woman who dared to stand up to the Rebecca rioters.” Wales Online. 3/1/2017. https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/woman-who-dared-stand-up-12596830
Seal, Graham. “Tradition and Agrarian Protest in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales.” Folklore , 1988, Vol. 99, No. 2 (1988). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260453
The National Archives. “Rebecca riots.” https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/rebecca-riots/
Turner, Chris. “Revisiting Rebecca Riots.” Canolfan Garth Olwg. Via YouTube. 3/4/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0VemuEEyvI

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Alphonse Bertillon Nov 20, 2023

Bertillon developed a system of identification via body measurements that was designed to identify whether crime suspects had an existing criminal history. But his contributions to police work have been occluded by some terrible missteps.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alphonse Bertillon". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alphonse-Bertillon
“Identifying Prisoners.” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. December 16, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571277110/?terms=Alphonse%20Bertillion&match=1
Gates, Kelly. “Our Biometric Future: Facial Recognition Technology and the Culture of Surveillance.” NYU Press. 2011.
Fornabai, Nanette L. “Criminal Factors: ‘Fantômas’, Anthropometrics, and the Numerical Fictions of Modern Criminal Identity.” Yale French Studies, no. 108, 2005, pp. 60–73. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/4149298
Fosdick, Raymond B. “The Passing of the Bertillon System of Identification.” Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 6, no. 3, 1915, pp. 363–69. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1132744
Hoobler, Thomas and Dorothy. “The Crimes of Paris: A True Story of Murder, Theft, and Detection.” Little, Brown, and Co. 2009.
Levendowski, Amanda, “Face Surveillance Was Always Flawed.” Public Books. Nov. 30, 2021. https://www.publicbooks.org/face-surveillance-was-always-flawed/
Mouat, F. J. “Notes on M. Bertillon’s Discourse on the Anthropometric Measurement of Criminals.” The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 20, 1891, pp. 182–98. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2842237
Wang, Hansi Lo. “Meet Alphonse Bertillon, The Man Behind The Modern Mug Shot.” NPR. March 8, 2016. https://www.npr.org/2016/03/08/469174753/meet-alphonse-bertillon-the-man-behind-the-modern-mug-shot
Daniel V. The Social History of Disaster Victim Identification in the United States, 1865 to 1950. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2020 Mar;10(1):4-15. doi: 10.1177/1925362120941336
Helfand, Jessica. “Alphonse Bertillon and the Troubling Pursuit of Human Metrics.” The MIT Press Reader. May 5. 2021. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-troubling-pursuit-of-human-metrics/
“Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914).” National Library of Medicine. Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visibleproofs/galleries/biographies/bertillon.html
Farebrother, R. and Champkin, J. (2014), Alphonse Bertillon and the measure of man: More expert than Sherlock Holmes. Significance, 11: 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2014.00739.x
Guthrie, Glenice J., and Sharon Jenkins. “Bertillon Files: An Untapped Source of Nineteenth-Century Human Height Data.” Journal of Anthropological Research, vol. 61, no. 2, 2005, pp. 201–15. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3630855

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SYMHC Classics: Sarah Josepha Hale Nov 18, 2023

This 2019 episode covers Sarah Josepha Hale's well-known poetry, and her publication Godey's Lady's Book, the most popular magazine in the U.S. in the middle of the 19th century,

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mourning Dove in Context Nov 17, 2023

Tracy and Holly discuss elementary school experiences with Mourning Dove's work, and Tracy ponders whether her story intersected with other topics from the show.

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Mourning Dove, aka Christine Quintasket, Pt. 2 Nov 15, 2023

In 1916, Mourning Dove gave an interview that described the book she had written as soon to be published, but it turned out to still be years away. Part two covers the years it took to get that book published, and her life after it.

Research:

American Folklore Society. “Mourning Dove (Hum-ishu-ma / Christine Quintasket).” https://notablefolkloristsofcolor.org/portfolio/mourning-dove-hum-ishu-ma-christine-quintasket/
Arnold, Laurie. “More than Mourning Dove: Christine Quintasket—Activist, Leader, Public Intellectual.” Montana The Magazine of Western History, Spring 2017, Vol. 67, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322854
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “Mourning Dove's Voice in ‘Cogewea.’” Wicazo Sa Review , Autumn, 1988, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Autumn, 1988). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409273
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
Brown, Anna Kathleen. “Reviewed Work(s): Coyote Stories by Mourning Dove and Jay Miller; Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography by Jay Miller.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, Series 2, Vol. 3, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736517
Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. “Texts by and about Natives: Commentary. 9. Christine Quintasket (Mourning Dove or Humishuma).” University of Washington. https://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Reading%20the%20Region/Texts%20by%20and%20about%20Natives/Commentary/9.html
Johnson-Roehr, S.N. “Christine Quintasket.” JSTOR Daily. 10/10/2022. https://daily.jstor.org/christine-quintasket/
Karell, Linda K. “’This Story I Am Telling You Is True’: Collaboration and Literary Authority in Mourning Dove's ‘Cogewea.’” American Indian Quarterly , Autumn, 1995, Vol. 19, No. 4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1185559
Kennedy, Kara and Sarah Werner. “Cogewea’s Blog: An Analysis of One of North America’s First Novels Written by a Female Indigenous Author.” 7/31/2010. https://cogewea.wordpress.com/
Lamont, Victoria. “Native American Oral Practice and the Popular Novel; Or, Why Mourning Dove Wrote a Western.” Source: Western American Literature , Winter 2005, Vol. 39, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43022337
Miller, Jay. “Mourning Dove: Editing in All Directions to "Get Real".” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer 1995, Series 2, Vol. 7, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736849
Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame. “Michael Pablo 1844-1914, Charles A. Allard 1852-1896.” https://mtoutdoorhalloffame.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Charles-Allard.pdf
Mourning Dove. “Coyote Stories.” Edited and illustrated by Hester Dean Guie, with notes by L.V. McWhorter (Old Wolf) and a foreword by Chief Standing Bear.” University of Nebraska Press. 1934 (Reprinted 1990).
Mourning Dove. “Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography.” Edited by Jay Miller. University of Nebraska Press. 1990.
Nisbet, Jack and Claire. “Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) (ca. 1884-1936).” HistoryLink.org. 8/7/2010. https://www.historylink.org/File/9512
Spokane Spokesman-Review. “Colville Indian Girl Blazes Trail to New Conception of Redmen in Her Novel, ‘Cogewea,’ Soon to be Published.” 4/9/1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/566560963/
Strong, Robert. “5 – The Uncooperative Primary Source: Literary Recovery versus Historical Fact in the Strange Production of Cogewea”. Keshen, Jeff, and Sylvie Perrier. Building New Bridges - Bâtir de nouveaux ponts: Sources, Methods and Interdisciplinarity - Sources, méthodes et interdisciplinarité. Ottawa: Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa Press, 2005. (pp. 63-72) Web. http://books.openedition.org/uop/1064.
The Hill County Sunday Journal. “Kinnikinnick; What Was It? It Answered For Tobacco But Some Claim It Wasn’t. “ 9/25/1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/958129012
S. President. “Executive orders relating to Indian reservations : from May 14, 1855 to July 1, 1912.” Washington. 2012. https://archive.org/details/cu31924097621753/page/n206/mode/1up

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Mourning Dove, aka Christine Quintasket, Pt. 1 Nov 13, 2023

Mourning Dove was an activist, ethnographer and novelist, and one of the first, if not the first, Indigenous women in the U.S. to publish a novel. Part one covers the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation and her early career.

Research:

American Folklore Society. “Mourning Dove (Hum-ishu-ma / Christine Quintasket).” https://notablefolkloristsofcolor.org/portfolio/mourning-dove-hum-ishu-ma-christine-quintasket/
Arnold, Laurie. “More than Mourning Dove: Christine Quintasket—Activist, Leader, Public Intellectual.” Montana The Magazine of Western History, Spring 2017, Vol. 67, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26322854
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “Mourning Dove's Voice in ‘Cogewea.’” Wicazo Sa Review , Autumn, 1988, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Autumn, 1988). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409273
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
Brown, Alanna Kathleen. “The Evolution of Mourning Dove’s Coyote Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer/Fall 1992, Series 2, Vol. 4. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/20736610
Brown, Anna Kathleen. “Reviewed Work(s): Coyote Stories by Mourning Dove and Jay Miller; Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography by Jay Miller.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, Series 2, Vol. 3, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736517
Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. “Texts by and about Natives: Commentary. 9. Christine Quintasket (Mourning Dove or Humishuma).” University of Washington. https://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Reading%20the%20Region/Texts%20by%20and%20about%20Natives/Commentary/9.html
Johnson-Roehr, S.N. “Christine Quintasket.” JSTOR Daily. 10/10/2022. https://daily.jstor.org/christine-quintasket/
Karell, Linda K. “’This Story I Am Telling You Is True’: Collaboration and Literary Authority in Mourning Dove's ‘Cogewea.’” American Indian Quarterly , Autumn, 1995, Vol. 19, No. 4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1185559
Kennedy, Kara and Sarah Werner. “Cogewea’s Blog: An Analysis of One of North America’s First Novels Written by a Female Indigenous Author.” 7/31/2010. https://cogewea.wordpress.com/
Lamont, Victoria. “Native American Oral Practice and the Popular Novel; Or, Why Mourning Dove Wrote a Western.” Source: Western American Literature , Winter 2005, Vol. 39, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43022337
Miller, Jay. “Mourning Dove: Editing in All Directions to "Get Real".” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Summer 1995, Series 2, Vol. 7, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20736849
Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame. “Michael Pablo 1844-1914, Charles A. Allard 1852-1896.” https://mtoutdoorhalloffame.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Charles-Allard.pdf
Mourning Dove. “Coyote Stories.” Edited and illustrated by Hester Dean Guie, with notes by L.V. McWhorter (Old Wolf) and a foreword by Chief Standing Bear.” University of Nebraska Press. 1934 (Reprinted 1990).
Mourning Dove. “Mourning Dove: A Salishan Autobiography.” Edited by Jay Miller. University of Nebraska Press. 1990.
Nisbet, Jack and Claire. “Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) (ca. 1884-1936).” HistoryLink.org. 8/7/2010. https://www.historylink.org/File/9512
Spokane Spokesman-Review. “Colville Indian Girl Blazes Trail to New Conception of Redmen in Her Novel, ‘Cogewea,’ Soon to be Published.” 4/9/1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/566560963/
Strong, Robert. “5 – The Uncooperative Primary Source: Literary Recovery versus Historical Fact in the Strange Production of Cogewea”. Keshen, Jeff, and Sylvie Perrier. Building New Bridges - Bâtir de nouveaux ponts: Sources, Methods and Interdisciplinarity - Sources, méthodes et interdisciplinarité. Ottawa: Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa Press, 2005. (pp. 63-72) Web. http://books.openedition.org/uop/1064.
The Hill County Sunday Journal. “Kinnikinnick; What Was It? It Answered For Tobacco But Some Claim It Wasn’t. “ 9/25/1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/958129012
S. President. “Executive orders relating to Indian reservations : from May 14, 1855 to July 1, 1912.” Washington. 2012. https://archive.org/details/cu31924097621753/page/n206/mode/1up

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SYMHC Classics: Diving Technology Nov 11, 2023

This 2015 episode examines that humans have always longed to explore underwater, but need to breathe air. From as far back as the 4th century B.C.E., clever inventors have been designing technology to give us face time with the creatures of the sea.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: The Empress and the Queen Nov 10, 2023

Tracy shares her cat’s input on the Empress of Ireland outline. She and Holly also discuss the relatability of Mary Somerville’s writing.

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Mary Somerville Nov 08, 2023

Mary Somerville was dubbed the Queen of Science, a title earned through a lifetime of learning all she could about various math and science subjects and then parsing those concepts out in her writing for more general audiences.

Research:

Collins, Helen. “Mary Somerville: Her Legacy for Women in Science.” Oxford Scientist. Feb. 11, 2022. https://oxsci.org/mary-somerville-her-legacy-for-women-in-science/
Gregersen, Erik. "Mary Somerville". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Dec. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Somerville
Neeley, Kathryn A. “Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination, and the Female Mind.” Cambridge University Press. 2001.
Somerville, Mary. “On the magnetizing power of the more refrangible solar rays.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. December 31, 1833. Volume 2. Accessed online: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspl.1815.0282
Somerville, Mary. “Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville.” John Murray, London. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27747/pg27747-images.html
Somerville, Mary. “On Molecular and Microscopic Science.” John Murray. London. 1869. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/55886/pg55886-images.html
Uri, John. “175 Years Ago: Astronomers Discover Neptune, the Eighth Planet.” NASA. Sept. 21, 2021. https://www.nasa.gov/history/175-years-ago-astronomers-discover-neptune-the-eighth-planet/#:~:text=On%20the%20night%20of%20Sept,orbit%20of%20the%20planet%20Uranus.
Wills, Matthew. “Mary Somerville, Queen of 19th Century Science.” JSTOR Daily. March 2, 2016. https://daily.jstor.org/mary-somerville-queen-of-19th-century-science/
Lewis, Jone Johnson. "Biography of Mary Somerville, Mathematician, Scientist, and Writer." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/mary-somerville-biography-3530354.

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The Empress of Ireland Nov 06, 2023

The shipwreck of the Empress of Ireland happened just before the start of World War I and was the worst maritime disaster in Canadian history to happen during peacetime.

Research:

Blatchford, Andy. “Empress of Ireland, ‘Canada’s Titanic,’ finally getting its due after 100 years.” Globe and Mail. 5/23/2014. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/empress-of-ireland-canadas-titanic-finally-getting-its-due-after-100-years/article18819164/
Boyd, Ellsworth. “Empress of Ireland was ‘Canada’s Titanic.’” NUMA. 10/9/2017. https://numa.net/2017/10/empress-of-ireland-was-canadas-titanic/
Butler, Don. “Museum of Civilization finally acquires Empress of Ireland collection.” Ottawa Citizen. 10/27/2012. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/ottawa%20&%20area/museum-of-civilization-finally-acquires-empress-of-ireland-collection
Canadian Pacific Railway Company. “Atlantic Royal Mail Service – ‘The Empresses’.” 1906. https://archive.org/details/cihm_71926/
“Empress of Ireland.” From “Lost Liners” by Robert D. Ballard and Rick Archbold, Madison Press Books. Via PBS. https://www.pbs.org/lostliners/empress.html
Empress of Ireland Commemoration. “The Forgotten Tragedy.” Pointe-au-Pere Site Historique Maritime. http://www.empress2014.ca/seclangen/home.html
Fry, Krsiten. “Saving the Empress's treasures.” Beaver. Apr/May2008, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p10-11.
Hertz, Kayla. “On this day: The Empress of Ireland, 'Canada's Titanic,' sinks in 1914.” Irish Central. 5/29/2022. https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/empress-of-ireland-sinking
Marshall, Logan. “The tragic story of the Empress of Ireland; an authentic account of the most horrible disaster in Canadian history, constructed from the real facts obtained from those on board who survived and other great sea disasters, containing the statements of Captain Henry George Kendall, commanding the Empress of Ireland and Captain Thomas Andersen, commanding the Storstad.” Philadelphia Printed by John C. Winston. 1914. https://archive.org/details/tragicstoryofemp00marsuoft
Mersey, John C. Bigham (John Charles Bigham). “Report of Commission of Inquiry into the casualty to the British steamship 'Empress of Ireland,' which sunk after collision with the Norwegian steamer 'Storstad' in the River St. Lawrence, on 29th May 1914.” 1914. https://archive.org/details/op1256477-1001/mode/2up
National Museums of Liverpool. “Empress of Ireland Disaster.” https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime-museum/empress-of-ireland-disaster
“Report and Evidence of the Commission of Inquiry into the Loss of the British Steamship ‘Empress of Irelnad.’” From “Sessional papers of the Dominion of Canada 1915.” Canadian Parliament. 1914. https://archive.org/details/n16sessionalpaper50canauoft/

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SYMHC Classics: The King’s Evil Nov 04, 2023

This 2017 episode examines the practice of British and French monarchs laying on hands to cure sick people from the medieval period to the 18th century. One disease was so often "cured" it came to be known as the King's Evil.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Murder and Home Decor Nov 03, 2023

Holly discusses the strange reassurance she finds in examining historical crime stories. Tracy talks about the way Lenormand cartomancy decks differ from tarot.

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Marie Anne Adelaide Lenormand, The Empress’s Oracle Nov 01, 2023

Lenormand was a fortune-teller in France in the 19th century. She was hugely influential, because despite her work being illegal, very important and powerful people consulted her for cartomancy readings.

Research:

"Marie Anne Lenormand." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010818/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=13b27256. Accessed 5 Oct. 2023.
“Madmoiselle Lenormand.” Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts, Volume 3. W.R. Chambers. 1845. https://books.google.com/books?id=TodTAAAAYAAJ
Delistraty, Cody. “The Surprising Historical Significance of Fortune-Telling.” JSTOR Daily. 10/26/2016. https://daily.jstor.org/surprising-historical-significance-fortune-telling/
Goodrich, Frank Boott. “The court of Napoleon.” New York, Derby & Jackson. 1857. https://archive.org/details/courtofnapoleon00good
Greer, Mary K. “Mlle. Lenormand, the most famous card reader of all time.” Mary K. Greer's Tarot Blog. https://marykgreer.com/2008/02/12/madame-le-normand-the-most-famous-card-reader-of-all-time/
Gronow, Rees Howell. “Celebrities of London and Paris: Being a Third Series of Reminiscences and Anecdotes of the Camp the Court and the Clubs : Containing a Correct Account of the Coup D'état.” Smith, Elder & Company, 1865
Harvey, David Allen. “Beyond Enlightenment: Occultism, Politics, and Culture in France from the Old Regime to the Fin-de-Siècle.” The Historian , SPRING 2003, Vol. 65, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24452371
Howitt, William. “Mademoiselle le Normand, The Parisian Sibyl of the Revolution.” The Spiritual magazine. London, F. Pitman [etc.]. 1860.
Irving, Washington. “The journals of Washington Irving (hitherto unpublished).” Boston. Bibliophile Society. 1919. https://archive.org/details/journalsofwashin03irvi/
Jewett, J.P. “Remarkable Women of Different Nations and Ages.” 1858. https://archive.org/details/remarkablewomen00unkngoog/page/n220/
Le Normand, M. A. “The oracle of human destiny: or, the unerring foreteller of future events, and accurate interpreter of mystical signs and influences; through the medium of common cards.” London. C.S. Arnold. 1825. https://archive.org/details/b29337926/page/n24/mode/1up
Levi, Eliphas. “Dogma et Rituel de la Haute Magie.” Translated by A. E. Waite. Vol. 2. Originally published by Rider & Company, England, 1896.
O'Meara, Barry Edward. “Napoleon in Exile, Or, A Voice from St. Helena.” W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, 1822.
Rogers, Charles. “Memorials of the earl of Stirling and of the house of Alexander.” 1877. https://books.google.com/books?id=zXABAAAAQAAJ
Shelley, Lady Frances. “The diary of Frances, Lady Shelley.” Vol. 1. 1912. https://archive.org/details/diaryoffrancesla0001shel/
Sylverne, Stephanie. “Good Fortune: How Empress Bonaparte Popularized the Tarot Card Trend and Made Her Cartomancer a Household Name.” Mental Floss. 11/1/2017. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/509667/good-fortune-how-empress-bonaparte-popularized-tarot-card-trend-and-made-her-cartomancer-household
The National Magazine. “Mademoiselle le Normand.” 1853. https://archive.org/details/sim_national-magazine-devoted-to-literature-art-and-religion_1853-05_2_5

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The Murder of Pearl Bryan Oct 30, 2023

The story of what happened to Pearl Bryan is horrifying and frightening. The scandalous particulars of the events that led to her murder captivated the attention of the U.S. in the late 1800s, but Pearl gets sort of lost in the shuffle.

Research:

“An Awful Find.” Cincinnati Enquirer. Feb. 2, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/30900213/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
Associated Press. “Youth’s Depravity.” The Lexington Herald. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/680738959/?terms=%22ANOTHER%20CONFESSION%22%20&match=1
Associated Press. “The Decapitated Woman.” Los Angeles Herald. Feb. 6, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/80565627/?terms=%22pearl%20bryan%22&match=1
“Both Are Guilty!” Journal and Tribune. Feb. 8, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/584194865/?terms=decapitated&match=1
“Clues Were Misleading.” Green Bay Press-Gazette. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/186951911/?terms=%22ANOTHER%20CONFESSION%22%20&match=1
“Does Crime Cause Physical Degenration?” San Francisco Examiner. May 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457505640/?terms=kiffmeyer&match=1
“Drugged With Cocaine.” Chattanooga Daily Times. Feb. 13, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604389689/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
“Grades of Murder.” Indianapolis Journal. May 10, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/322021567/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20
“Jackson’s Trial.” Jackson County Banner. April 30, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/206893196/?terms=pearl%20bryan&match=1
“Murdered and Beheaded.” Philadelphia Times. Feb. 2, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/52374183/?terms=%22body%20found%22&match=1
“The Mysterious Murder of Pearl Bryan, or The Headless Horror.” Barclay and Co. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/29569/29569-h/29569-h.htm#history
“Newport’s Hanging.” Hamilton County Ledger. March 26, 1897. https://www.newspapers.com/image/353595219/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
“Pearl Bryan’s Story.” Chicago Chrinicle. May 10, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668071687/?terms=pearl%20bryan
“Pearl Bryan: Her Murderers Still Accusing Other of the Deed.” Topeka State Journal. Feb. 8, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/323039676/?terms=%22JACKSON%27S%20COAT%20FOUND%20IN%20A%20SEWER%22&match=1
Rolandelli, Frank, Jr. “Mystery in Pearl Bryan Murder Still Unsolved.” Indianapolis Sunday Star. March 7, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/105412793/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEwNTQxMjc5MywiaWF0IjoxNjk4MTAzODA0LCJleHAiOjE2OTgxOTAyMDR9.2bQOm9f88dN8unJ91gfkigYR6z0Z5yAmvxOQirxa2xw
“Scott Jackson the Murderer.” New York Times. May 15, 1896. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/05/15/105749337.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Searching the Sewers.” The Tennessean. Feb. 13, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/603549764/?terms=decapitation&match=1
“She Has a New Story.” Indianapolis Journal. Feb. 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/321981642/?terms=pearl%20bryan&match=1
“Under Arrest.” Chillicothe Gazette. Feb. 7, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/291122814/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
“Walling Testifies.” Jackson County Banner. June 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/206898137/?terms=%22alonzo%20walling%22%20&match=1
Young, Andrew. “Our Rich History: Shoe dealer solves ghastly murder of Pearl Bryan, found missing her head, in 1893.” Northern Kentucky Tribune. Aug. 17, 2020. https://nkytribune.com/2020/08/our-rich-history-shoe-dealer-solves-ghastly-murder-of-pearl-bryan-found-missing-her-head-in-1893/

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SYMHC Classics: Paris Catacombs Oct 28, 2023

This 2019 episode notes that the Catacombs contain the bones of an estimated 6 to 7 million people, and explains that their history is really two interconnected stories of mines and human remains.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Jack and Pearl and Patience Oct 27, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about pumpkin carving traditions and techniques. They also discuss Pearl Curran's life and the writing output of Patience.

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Patience Worth and Pearl Curran Oct 25, 2023

Patience Worth was a popular writer in the early 20th century. But she was a 17th-century ghost, using Pearl Curran as her conduit from spirit realm to printed page.

Research:

Braude, Stephen E. “Dissociation and Latent Abilities.” Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. June 2000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233449262_Dissociation_and_Latent_Abilities
Cory, Charles. “Patience Worth.” Psychological Review. 1919. pp. 397-407. https://archive.org/details/psychologicalre01pratgoog/page/396/mode/2up
Denny, Diana. “Written by Pearl Curran … Or Ouija Board?” Saturday Evening Post. Sept. 16, 2010. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2010/09/written-pearl-curranor-ouija-board/
Diliberto, Gioia. “Patience Worth: Author From the Great Beyond.” Smithsonian. Sept. 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/patience-worth-author-from-the-great-beyond-54333749/
Millard, Bailey. “Will she meet her astral guide?” Los Angeles Times. Jan. 16, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380740453/?terms=pearl%20curran&match=1
“Mrs. Pearl Curran, Known as ‘Patience Worth,” Dies.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Dec. 4, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/139329811/
Prince, Walter Franklin. “The Case of Patience Worth.” Boston Society for Psychic Research. https://books.google.com/books?id=KUvOAAAAMAAJ&dq=I+am+molten+silver,+running.+Let+man+catch+me+within+his+cup.+Let+him+proceed+upon+his+labor,+Smithing+upon+me.+Let+him+with+cunning+smite+my+substance.+Let+him+at+his+dream,+Lending+my+stuff+unto+its+creation.+It+shall+be+no+less+me.&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Ross, Isabel M. “Enduring Mystery of the Ouija Board reincarnation.” New York Tribune. November 23, 1919. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_davis_ver01/data/sn83030214/00206532452/1919112301/0761.pdf
Simon, Ed. “Ghostwriter and Ghost.” The Public Domain Review. Sept. 17, 2014. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/ghostwriter-and-ghost-the-strange-case-of-pearl-curran-patience-worth/
“The Women Helping to Boost.” Cherryvale Journal. January 28, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/418556008/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1
“State Aid By Women.” The St. Louis Star and Times. January 27, 1910. Https://www.newspapers.com/image/204738278/?terms=%22pearl%20curran%22&match=1
Yost, Casper S. “PATIENCE WORTH: A PSYCHIC MYSTERY.” New York. Henry Holt and Co. 1916. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50810/50810-h/50810-h.htm
Worth, Patience. “The Sorry Tale; a Story of the Time of Christ.” Henry Holt and Company. June 1917. https://archive.org/stream/sorrytaleastory01currgoog/sorrytaleastory01currgoog_djvu.txt
Simon, Ed. “Darkness Made Visible: Eamonn Peters on Imagined Literature.” The Anthology of Babel, edited by Ed Simon, Punctum Books, 2020, pp. 365–88. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.2353922.22

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Jack-o'-lanterns Oct 23, 2023

Jack-o’-lanterns have become one of the most iconic symbols of Halloween. Their origin story isn’t exactly well documented, so tracing their roots involves some folklore, some agriculture, and literary influence.

Research:

Bachelor, Blane. “ The twisted transatlantic tale of American jack-o’-lanterns.” National Geographic. Oct. 27, 2020. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/the-twisted-transatlantic-tale-of-american-jack-o-lanterns?rnd=1696858487928&loggedin=true
Ellis, Hurcules. “The Rhyme Book.” Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. 1851. https://books.google.com/books?id=1DxcAAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Fox, Frances. "Waialua Children Use Papaias for Pumkins to Scare on Hallowe'en." Honolulu Advertiser. Oct. 31, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258961518/?terms=jack%20o%27lantern&match=1
Christofi, N. “BIOASSAYS | Microbial Tests.” Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition). Elsevier. 2005. Pages 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369397-7/00044-3
“How did the squash get its name?” Library of Congress. Nov. 19, 2019. https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/agriculture/item/how-did-squash-get-its-name/
Lang, Cady. “What Is Samhain? What to Know About the Ancient Pagan Festival That Came Before Halloween.” TIME. Oct. 30, 2018. https://time.com/5434659/halloween-pagan-origins-in-samhain/
National Park Service. “The Three Sisters.” https://www.nps.gov/tont/learn/nature/the-three-sisters.htm
“London, Oct. 2.” The Bath Journal. October 4, 1779. https://www.newspapers.com/image/975623103/?terms=jack-o-lantern&match=1
“Paris, November 30.” The Freeman’s Journal or The North American Intelligencer. Feb. 15, 1792. https://www.newspapers.com/image/39395048/?terms=jack-o-lantern&match=1
“For This Gazette.” The Portland Gazette. Sept. 17, 1798. https://www.newspapers.com/image/904401967/?terms=jack-o-lantern
Gish, Hannah. “Stingy Jack: The Origin of the Jack-O-Lantern.” Carnegie Center for Art & History. https://carnegiecenter.org/stingy-jack-the-origin-of-the-jack-o-lantern/
Grannan, Cydney. "Why Do We Carve Pumpkins at Halloween?". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/story/why-do-we-carve-pumpkins-at-halloween
Oliveira, Rosane. “10 Things You Probably Didn’t Know About Pumpkins.” University of California. Oct. 25, 2018. https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-pumpkins#:~:text=Scientists%20believe%20that%20pumpkins%20originated,food%20staple%20among%20Native%20Americans.
“Will-o’-the Wisp: Monstrous Flame or Scientific Phenomenon.” Monstrum. PBS. October 5, 2021. https://www.pbs.org/video/will-o-the-wisp-monstrous-flame-or-scientific-phenomenon-dsugln/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Samhain". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Sep. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samhain
Irving, Washington. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.htm
Allen, Ida Bailey. “Try Jack-o’-Lantern Halloween Supper.” Quad-City Times. Oct. 31, 1952. https://www.newspapers.com/image/301873757/?terms=jack%20o%27lantern&match=1
Huntley, Andrew. “The Jack-o-Lantern’s Origins.” Carnegie Museum of Natural History. https://carnegiemnh.org/the-jack-o-lanterns-origins/
Ott, Cindy. “Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon.” University of Washington Press. 2013.
Traynor, Jessica. “The story of Jack-o’-lantern: ‘If you knew the sufferings of that forsaken craythur.’” Irish Times. Oct. 29, 2019. https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/abroad/the-story-of-jack-o-lantern-if-you-knew-the-sufferings-of-that-forsaken-craythur-1.4065773

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SYMHC Classics: Poveglia Oct 21, 2023

This 2018 episode covers an uninhabited Italian island that has come to be called all manner of scary things, including, "plague island," "island of ghosts," and "the Venetian island of no return."

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Fall Fun Oct 20, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about the bummer story that didn't make it into Unearthed!, kids who discover things, and Indiana Jones.

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Unearthed! in Autumn 2023, Part 2 Oct 18, 2023

Part two of our autumn 2023 edition of Unearthed! includes potpourri, repatriations, shipwrecks, art, and a few perfect October entries.

Research:

“Early humans deliberately made mysterious stone 'spheroids'.” PhysOrg. 9/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-early-humans-deliberately-mysterious-stone.html
Alutiiq Museum. “Archaeologists Recover 3,000-year-old Weavings from Ancestral Alutiiq Settlement.” Alaska Native News. 8/26/2023. https://alaska-native-news.com/archaeologists-recover-3000-year-old-weavings-from-ancestral-alutiiq-settlement/69558/
Australian National Maritime Museum. “Exploring South Australia's oldest shipwreck.” Phys.org. 8/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-exploring-south-australia-oldest-shipwreck.html
Barker, Christopher. “Stolen van Gogh Painting Worth Millions Returned in an Ikea Bag.” Smithsonian. 9/14/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-art-detective-recovers-a-van-gogh-stolen-in-2020-180982896/
BBC News. “Man finds 8,000-year-old dolphin bones in back garden.” 7/31/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-66361506
BBC News. “Tiny Roman dog remains found during Oxford archaeological dig.” 7/25/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-66294261
Beazley, Jordan. “ANU museum to hand back stolen 2,500-year-old vase to Italy.” The Guardian. 9/13/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/sep/14/anu-to-return-2500-year-old-vase-to-italy-after-link-to-art-trade-exposed
Bebber, Michelle R. et al. “Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity.” Scientific Reports. 8/16/2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40451-8
Beimfohr, Chelsea. “109-year-old survivor of Tulsa Race Massacre pens new book, speaks at King Center.” Atlanta News First. 9/26/2023. https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2023/09/27/109-year-old-survivor-tulsa-race-massacre-pens-new-book-speaks-king-center/
Ben Crump. “Ben Crump and Family of Henrietta Lacks Announce Settlement.” https://bencrump.com/press/family-of-henrietta-lacks-announce-settlement/
Binswanger, Julia. “Forgotten Winnie-the-Pooh Sketch Found Wrapped in an Old Tea Towel.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/winnie-the-pooh-sketch-wrapped-tea-towel-180982800/
Briseida MEMA. “Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village.” Phys.org. 8/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-archaeologists-uncover-europe-oldest-stilt.html
British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. “Showing Elizabeth I in a new light.” 7/15/2023. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2023/07/showing-elizabeth-i-in-a-new-light.html
British Library Press Office. “British Library researcher throws new light on Elizabeth I.” July 2023. https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2023/july/British-Library-researcher-throws-new-light-on-Elizabeth-I?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=press&utm_content=camdens_annals#:~:text=Helena%20Rutkowska%2C%20DPhil%20student%20at,to%20explore%20hundreds%20of%20previously
Cell Press. “Ancient metal cauldrons give us clues about what people ate in the Bronze Age.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-ancient-metal-cauldrons-clues-people.html
Chappell, Bill. “Iconic female artist's lost painting is found, hundreds of years after it was created.” NPR. 9/25/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/25/1201501653/artemisia-gentileschi-susanna-and-the-elders
Cin, Muharrem. “Makeup materials from Roman era unearthed in ancient city of Aizanoi in Türkiye.” Andalou Agency. 9/24/2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/makeup-materials-from-roman-era-unearthed-in-ancient-city-of-aizanoi-in-turkiye/2999909
Delgado, Maria Jesus. “Oldest hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, 9,500 years old, discovered in Cueva de los Murciélagos, Albuñol (Granada, Spain).” EurekAlert. 9/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1003066
Dowell, Stuart. “Ghoulish remains of ‘vampire child’ found in ‘grave of the damned’.” The First News. 8/7/2023. https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/ghoulish-remains-of-vampire-child-found-in-grave-of-the-damned-40397
Efford M, Taft S, Morin J, George M, George M, Cavers H, et al. (2023) Archaeology demonstrates sustainable ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289797
Flavell, Julie. “The Dog Who Served on Both Sides of the American Revolution.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dog-who-served-on-both-sides-of-the-american-revolution-180982781/
Gillett, Francesca. “Ancient 2,000-year-old Roman shipwreck found off coast of Italy.” BBC News. 7/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66337902
Gorski, “119-year overdue book returned by WVU Library.” 12WBOY. 7/27/2023. https://www.wboy.com/news/monongalia/west-virginia-university/library-book-returned-and-it-was-only-119-years-overdue/
Handwerk, Brian. “Famed 5,300-Year-Old Alps Iceman Was a Balding Middle-Aged Man With Dark Skin and Eyes.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/famed-5300-year-old-alps-iceman-was-a-balding-middle-aged-man-with-dark-skin-and-eyes-180982744/
Hanson’s. “Panko game made to aid suffragettes a century ago found during house clearance.” 7/18/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/panko-game-made-to-aid-suffragettes-a-century-ago-found-during-house-clearance/
Jarus, Owen. “2,200-year-old remains of sacrificed giant panda and tapir discovered near Chinese emperor's tomb.” LiveScience. 8/18/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2200-year-old-remains-of-sacrificed-giant-panda-and-tapir-discovered-near-chinese-emperors-tomb
Kent State University. “Atlatl weapon use by prehistoric females equalized the division of labor while hunting, experimental study shows.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-atlatl-weapon-prehistoric-females-equalized.html
Kindy, Dave. “Piece of wood found at garage sale was part of the sunken USS Maine.” Washington Post. 9/17/2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/09/17/uss-maine-mast-arlington-cemetery/
Kuta, Sarah. “‘Perfectly Preserved’ Glassware Recovered From 2,000-Year-Old Shipwreck.” Smithsonian. 7/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/glassware-2000-year-old-roman-shipwreck-180982615/
Kuta, Sarah. “See Underwater Wreckage From the Battle of Midway in Stunning Detail.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/battle-of-midway-shipwreck-photos-180982938/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Virginia Museum Repatriated a Nigerian Sculpture and Received a High-Tech Replica in Return. Could the Exchange Shape Future Restitutions?” ArtNet. 7/7/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/chrysler-museum-factum-foundation-high-tech-facsimile-restitution-2332938
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Woman Bought a $4 Painting at a Thrift Store for Its Frame. Now, It’s Been Revealed as an N.C. Wyeth, Worth as Much as $250,000.” ArtNet. 9/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/thrift-store-buy-nc-wyeth-2355493
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Two 10th-Century Stone Idols, Which Were Stolen From a Temple in India and Found in a Garden Shed in the U.K., Will Be Repatriated.” ArtNet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10th-century-idols-found-in-garden-shed-returned-to-india-2335670
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Ancient Amazonians intentionally created fertile 'dark earth.’” Science Daily. 9/20/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230920152306.htm
Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology. “The scent of the afterlife unbottled in new study of ancient Egyptian mummification balms.” Science Daily. 8/31/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230831121651.htm
Mayorquin, Orlando. “Overdue Book Is Returned to a Library After Nearly 120 Years.” New York Times. 7/9/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/massachusetts-overdue-book-119-years.html
net. “Strange burial of 9th-century teenager reveals tragic story.” https://www.medievalists.net/2023/08/strange-burial-of-9th-century-teenager-reveals-tragic-story/
Miller, Ken. “Researchers exhume seven sets of remains in search for Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” The Oklahoman. 10/2/2023. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2023/10/02/tulsa-race-massacre-oklahoma-seven-graves-exhumed/71036617007/
MOLA Headland. “An Unusual Burial and a Tragic Story from Early Medieval Cambridgeshire.” 8/14/2023. https://molaheadland.com/an-unusual-burial-and-a-tragic-story-from-early-medieval-cambridgeshire/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Historians Discover ‘Remarkably Intact’ Shipwreck, Undisturbed Beneath Lake Michigan for 142 Years.” Smithsonian. 9/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-an-almost-entirely-intact-142-year-old-shipwreck-in-lake-michigan-180982848/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “The Netherlands Repatriates Nearly 500 Looted Artifacts to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.” Smithsonian. 7/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/netherlands-repatriation-sri-lanka-indonesia-180982514/
Osborne, Margaret. “Archaeologists Uncover Oldest Evidence of ‘Curry’ Outside of India.” Smithsonian. 7/24/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-oldest-evidence-of-curry-outside-of-india-180982589/
Parker, Christopher. “4,000-Year-Old Cemetery Discovered Beneath Future Rocket Launch Pad in U.K.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-cemetery-rocket-launch-uk-180982633/
Parker, Christopher. “Divers Pull Wreckage of Tuskegee Airman’s Plane From the Depths of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 9/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-haul-engine-of-tuskegee-airmans-plane-from-lake-huron-180982845/
Parker, Christopher. “Manchester Museum Returns 174 Artifacts to Indigenous Australians.” Smithsonian. 9/7/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/manchester-museum-returns-174-artifacts-to-indigenous-austrailians-180982853/
Pendergraff, Gavin. “State archaeologist provides another update on excavation work in Tulsa.” KTUL. 9/14/2023. https://ktul.com/news/local/state-archaeologist-provides-another-update-on-excavation-work-in-tulsa
Pittalà, Maria Gaetana Giovanna et al. “Count Dracula Resurrected: Proteomic Analysis of Vlad III the Impaler’s Documents by EVA Technology and Mass Spectrometry.” Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 34, 12732–12744. Publication Date: August 8, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01461
Potter, Lisa. “Daughters breastfed longer, and women accumulated greater wealth in ancient California matriarchal society.” EurekAlert. 7/12/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995404
Public Library of Science. “Stone Age artists carved detailed human and animal tracks in rock art in Namibia.” 9/13/2023. PhysOrg. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-stone-age-artists-human-animal.html
Ritter, Moira. “Detailed mosaic floor — with Medusa’s face — unearthed in ancient Roman villa.” Miami Herald. 7/27/2023. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article277706663.html#storylink=cpy
Royal Collection Trust. “Lost Artemisia Gentileschi Painting Rediscovered in the Royal Collection.” 9/24/2023. https://www.rct.uk/about/press-office/press-releases/lost-artemisia-gentileschi-painting-rediscovered-in-the-royal#/
Schrader, Adam. “British Museum Director Hartwig Fischer Will Step Down, Leaving the Unresolved Parthenon Marbles Debate to His Successor.” ArtNews. 7/28/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-director-hartwig-fischer-step-down-next-year-2342951
Schuster, Ruth. “Synagogue From Late Second Temple Period Found by Black Sea in Russia.” Haaretz. 8/16/2023. https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-08-16/ty-article-magazine/synagogue-from-late-second-temple-period-found-by-black-sea-in-russia/00000189-fae4-d0b9-a5a9-ffef91b90000
Shaw, Garry. “‘Thunder floor’ found at ancient Andean site in Peru.” The Art Newspaper. 7/18/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/07/18/ancient-dance-floor-sounding-platform-andes-peru-archaeological-discovery
Solly, Meilan. “Hidden for 400 Years, Censored Pages Reveal New Insights Into Elizabeth I’s Reign.” Smithsonian. 7/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hidden-for-400-years-censored-pages-reveal-new-insights-on-elizabeth-is-reign-180982554/
Sullivan, Will. “Archaeologists Uncover Notched Logs That May Be the Oldest Known Wooden Structure.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-notched-logs-that-may-be-the-oldest-known-wooden-structure-180982942/
Sullivan, Will. “Henrietta Lacks’ Family Settles Lawsuit Over the Use of Her Cells Without Consent.” Smithsonian. 8/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/henrietta-lacks-family-settles-lawsuit-over-the-use-of-her-cells-without-consent-180982644/
The History Blog. “14th c. shipwreck cannon may be oldest in Europe.” 9/13/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68252
The History Blog. “2,000-year-old synagogue found in southern Russia.” 8/16/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68050
The History Blog. “8-year-old finds 1,800-year-old silver denarius in school sandbox.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68120
The History Blog. “Giant panda found in Western Han imperial tomb.” 8/6/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67972
University of Geneva. “New discoveries on the wreck of Antikythera.” 7/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-discoveries-antikythera.html
University of Gothenburg. “Shipboard cannon found off the Swedish coast may be the oldest in Europe.” EurekAlert. 9/13/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1001404
University of Montreal. “New evidence of plant food processing in Italy during Neanderthal-to-Homo sapiens period.” Phys.org. 6/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-06-evidence-food-italy-neanderthal-to-homo-sapiens.html
University of Southampton. “Archaeologists reveal largest palaeolithic cave art site in Eastern Iberia.” Science Daily. 9/11/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230911141015.htm
University of Valencia. “Pigment production adapted to cultural changes and availability of mineral resources 40,000 years ago in Ethiopia.” PhysOrg. 9/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-pigment-production-cultural-availability-mineral.html
Walls, Alex. “Salmon bones confirm sustainable chum fishery for 2,500 years under Tsleil-Waututh Nation.” PhysOrg. 8/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-salmon-bones-sustainable-chum-fishery.html
Watts, Rachel. “Divers find long-lost artifact from sunken Empress of Ireland in St. Lawrence River.” CBC. 9/9/2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/divers-find-long-lost-artifact-from-sunken-empress-of-ireland-quebec-compass-platform-1.6959176
Weiwei Wang et al. ,Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago.Sci. Adv.9,eadh5517(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh5517
Yirka, Bob. “Arrowhead housed at Bern History Museum found to be made from meteoritic iron.” Phys.org. 7/31/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-arrowhead-housed-bern-history-museum.html
Yirka, Bob. “Placement of ancient hidden lamps, skulls in cave in Israel suggests Roman-era practice of necromancy.” Phys.org. 7/14/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-placement-ancient-hidden-lamps-skulls.html

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Unearthed! in Autumn 2023, Part 1 Oct 16, 2023

In part one of our Autumn 2023 edition of Unearthed!, we have some oldest things, books and letters, projects specifically related to gender, edibles and potables, and animals.

Research:

“Early humans deliberately made mysterious stone 'spheroids'.” PhysOrg. 9/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-early-humans-deliberately-mysterious-stone.html
Alutiiq Museum. “Archaeologists Recover 3,000-year-old Weavings from Ancestral Alutiiq Settlement.” Alaska Native News. 8/26/2023. https://alaska-native-news.com/archaeologists-recover-3000-year-old-weavings-from-ancestral-alutiiq-settlement/69558/
Australian National Maritime Museum. “Exploring South Australia's oldest shipwreck.” Phys.org. 8/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-exploring-south-australia-oldest-shipwreck.html
Barker, Christopher. “Stolen van Gogh Painting Worth Millions Returned in an Ikea Bag.” Smithsonian. 9/14/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dutch-art-detective-recovers-a-van-gogh-stolen-in-2020-180982896/
BBC News. “Man finds 8,000-year-old dolphin bones in back garden.” 7/31/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-66361506
BBC News. “Tiny Roman dog remains found during Oxford archaeological dig.” 7/25/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-66294261
Beazley, Jordan. “ANU museum to hand back stolen 2,500-year-old vase to Italy.” The Guardian. 9/13/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/sep/14/anu-to-return-2500-year-old-vase-to-italy-after-link-to-art-trade-exposed
Bebber, Michelle R. et al. “Atlatl use equalizes female and male projectile weapon velocity.” Scientific Reports. 8/16/2023. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40451-8
Beimfohr, Chelsea. “109-year-old survivor of Tulsa Race Massacre pens new book, speaks at King Center.” Atlanta News First. 9/26/2023. https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2023/09/27/109-year-old-survivor-tulsa-race-massacre-pens-new-book-speaks-king-center/
Ben Crump. “Ben Crump and Family of Henrietta Lacks Announce Settlement.” https://bencrump.com/press/family-of-henrietta-lacks-announce-settlement/
Binswanger, Julia. “Forgotten Winnie-the-Pooh Sketch Found Wrapped in an Old Tea Towel.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/winnie-the-pooh-sketch-wrapped-tea-towel-180982800/
Briseida MEMA. “Archaeologists uncover Europe's oldest stilt village.” Phys.org. 8/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-archaeologists-uncover-europe-oldest-stilt.html
British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. “Showing Elizabeth I in a new light.” 7/15/2023. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2023/07/showing-elizabeth-i-in-a-new-light.html
British Library Press Office. “British Library researcher throws new light on Elizabeth I.” July 2023. https://www.bl.uk/press-releases/2023/july/British-Library-researcher-throws-new-light-on-Elizabeth-I?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=press&utm_content=camdens_annals#:~:text=Helena%20Rutkowska%2C%20DPhil%20student%20at,to%20explore%20hundreds%20of%20previously
Cell Press. “Ancient metal cauldrons give us clues about what people ate in the Bronze Age.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-ancient-metal-cauldrons-clues-people.html
Chappell, Bill. “Iconic female artist's lost painting is found, hundreds of years after it was created.” NPR. 9/25/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/25/1201501653/artemisia-gentileschi-susanna-and-the-elders
Cin, Muharrem. “Makeup materials from Roman era unearthed in ancient city of Aizanoi in Türkiye.” Andalou Agency. 9/24/2023. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/makeup-materials-from-roman-era-unearthed-in-ancient-city-of-aizanoi-in-turkiye/2999909
Delgado, Maria Jesus. “Oldest hunter-gatherer basketry in southern Europe, 9,500 years old, discovered in Cueva de los Murciélagos, Albuñol (Granada, Spain).” EurekAlert. 9/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1003066
Dowell, Stuart. “Ghoulish remains of ‘vampire child’ found in ‘grave of the damned’.” The First News. 8/7/2023. https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/ghoulish-remains-of-vampire-child-found-in-grave-of-the-damned-40397
Efford M, Taft S, Morin J, George M, George M, Cavers H, et al. (2023) Archaeology demonstrates sustainable ancestral Coast Salish salmon stewardship over thousands of years. PLoS ONE 18(8): e0289797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289797
Flavell, Julie. “The Dog Who Served on Both Sides of the American Revolution.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-dog-who-served-on-both-sides-of-the-american-revolution-180982781/
Gillett, Francesca. “Ancient 2,000-year-old Roman shipwreck found off coast of Italy.” BBC News. 7/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66337902
Gorski, “119-year overdue book returned by WVU Library.” 12WBOY. 7/27/2023. https://www.wboy.com/news/monongalia/west-virginia-university/library-book-returned-and-it-was-only-119-years-overdue/
Handwerk, Brian. “Famed 5,300-Year-Old Alps Iceman Was a Balding Middle-Aged Man With Dark Skin and Eyes.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/famed-5300-year-old-alps-iceman-was-a-balding-middle-aged-man-with-dark-skin-and-eyes-180982744/
Hanson’s. “Panko game made to aid suffragettes a century ago found during house clearance.” 7/18/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/panko-game-made-to-aid-suffragettes-a-century-ago-found-during-house-clearance/
Jarus, Owen. “2,200-year-old remains of sacrificed giant panda and tapir discovered near Chinese emperor's tomb.” LiveScience. 8/18/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2200-year-old-remains-of-sacrificed-giant-panda-and-tapir-discovered-near-chinese-emperors-tomb
Kent State University. “Atlatl weapon use by prehistoric females equalized the division of labor while hunting, experimental study shows.” 8/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-atlatl-weapon-prehistoric-females-equalized.html
Kindy, Dave. “Piece of wood found at garage sale was part of the sunken USS Maine.” Washington Post. 9/17/2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/09/17/uss-maine-mast-arlington-cemetery/
Kuta, Sarah. “‘Perfectly Preserved’ Glassware Recovered From 2,000-Year-Old Shipwreck.” Smithsonian. 7/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/glassware-2000-year-old-roman-shipwreck-180982615/
Kuta, Sarah. “See Underwater Wreckage From the Battle of Midway in Stunning Detail.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/battle-of-midway-shipwreck-photos-180982938/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Virginia Museum Repatriated a Nigerian Sculpture and Received a High-Tech Replica in Return. Could the Exchange Shape Future Restitutions?” ArtNet. 7/7/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/chrysler-museum-factum-foundation-high-tech-facsimile-restitution-2332938
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Woman Bought a $4 Painting at a Thrift Store for Its Frame. Now, It’s Been Revealed as an N.C. Wyeth, Worth as Much as $250,000.” ArtNet. 9/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/thrift-store-buy-nc-wyeth-2355493
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Two 10th-Century Stone Idols, Which Were Stolen From a Temple in India and Found in a Garden Shed in the U.K., Will Be Repatriated.” ArtNet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/10th-century-idols-found-in-garden-shed-returned-to-india-2335670
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Ancient Amazonians intentionally created fertile 'dark earth.’” Science Daily. 9/20/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230920152306.htm
Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology. “The scent of the afterlife unbottled in new study of ancient Egyptian mummification balms.” Science Daily. 8/31/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/08/230831121651.htm
Mayorquin, Orlando. “Overdue Book Is Returned to a Library After Nearly 120 Years.” New York Times. 7/9/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/massachusetts-overdue-book-119-years.html
net. “Strange burial of 9th-century teenager reveals tragic story.” https://www.medievalists.net/2023/08/strange-burial-of-9th-century-teenager-reveals-tragic-story/
Miller, Ken. “Researchers exhume seven sets of remains in search for Tulsa Race Massacre victims.” The Oklahoman. 10/2/2023. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2023/10/02/tulsa-race-massacre-oklahoma-seven-graves-exhumed/71036617007/
MOLA Headland. “An Unusual Burial and a Tragic Story from Early Medieval Cambridgeshire.” 8/14/2023. https://molaheadland.com/an-unusual-burial-and-a-tragic-story-from-early-medieval-cambridgeshire/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Historians Discover ‘Remarkably Intact’ Shipwreck, Undisturbed Beneath Lake Michigan for 142 Years.” Smithsonian. 9/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-an-almost-entirely-intact-142-year-old-shipwreck-in-lake-michigan-180982848/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “The Netherlands Repatriates Nearly 500 Looted Artifacts to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.” Smithsonian. 7/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/netherlands-repatriation-sri-lanka-indonesia-180982514/
Osborne, Margaret. “Archaeologists Uncover Oldest Evidence of ‘Curry’ Outside of India.” Smithsonian. 7/24/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-oldest-evidence-of-curry-outside-of-india-180982589/
Parker, Christopher. “4,000-Year-Old Cemetery Discovered Beneath Future Rocket Launch Pad in U.K.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-cemetery-rocket-launch-uk-180982633/
Parker, Christopher. “Divers Pull Wreckage of Tuskegee Airman’s Plane From the Depths of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 9/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/divers-haul-engine-of-tuskegee-airmans-plane-from-lake-huron-180982845/
Parker, Christopher. “Manchester Museum Returns 174 Artifacts to Indigenous Australians.” Smithsonian. 9/7/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/manchester-museum-returns-174-artifacts-to-indigenous-austrailians-180982853/
Pendergraff, Gavin. “State archaeologist provides another update on excavation work in Tulsa.” KTUL. 9/14/2023. https://ktul.com/news/local/state-archaeologist-provides-another-update-on-excavation-work-in-tulsa
Pittalà, Maria Gaetana Giovanna et al. “Count Dracula Resurrected: Proteomic Analysis of Vlad III the Impaler’s Documents by EVA Technology and Mass Spectrometry.” Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 34, 12732–12744. Publication Date: August 8, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01461
Potter, Lisa. “Daughters breastfed longer, and women accumulated greater wealth in ancient California matriarchal society.” EurekAlert. 7/12/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995404
Public Library of Science. “Stone Age artists carved detailed human and animal tracks in rock art in Namibia.” 9/13/2023. PhysOrg. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-stone-age-artists-human-animal.html
Ritter, Moira. “Detailed mosaic floor — with Medusa’s face — unearthed in ancient Roman villa.” Miami Herald. 7/27/2023. https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article277706663.html#storylink=cpy
Royal Collection Trust. “Lost Artemisia Gentileschi Painting Rediscovered in the Royal Collection.” 9/24/2023. https://www.rct.uk/about/press-office/press-releases/lost-artemisia-gentileschi-painting-rediscovered-in-the-royal#/
Schrader, Adam. “British Museum Director Hartwig Fischer Will Step Down, Leaving the Unresolved Parthenon Marbles Debate to His Successor.” ArtNews. 7/28/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-director-hartwig-fischer-step-down-next-year-2342951
Schuster, Ruth. “Synagogue From Late Second Temple Period Found by Black Sea in Russia.” Haaretz. 8/16/2023. https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-08-16/ty-article-magazine/synagogue-from-late-second-temple-period-found-by-black-sea-in-russia/00000189-fae4-d0b9-a5a9-ffef91b90000
Shaw, Garry. “‘Thunder floor’ found at ancient Andean site in Peru.” The Art Newspaper. 7/18/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/07/18/ancient-dance-floor-sounding-platform-andes-peru-archaeological-discovery
Solly, Meilan. “Hidden for 400 Years, Censored Pages Reveal New Insights Into Elizabeth I’s Reign.” Smithsonian. 7/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hidden-for-400-years-censored-pages-reveal-new-insights-on-elizabeth-is-reign-180982554/
Sullivan, Will. “Archaeologists Uncover Notched Logs That May Be the Oldest Known Wooden Structure.” Smithsonian. 9/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-notched-logs-that-may-be-the-oldest-known-wooden-structure-180982942/
Sullivan, Will. “Henrietta Lacks’ Family Settles Lawsuit Over the Use of Her Cells Without Consent.” Smithsonian. 8/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/henrietta-lacks-family-settles-lawsuit-over-the-use-of-her-cells-without-consent-180982644/
The History Blog. “14th c. shipwreck cannon may be oldest in Europe.” 9/13/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68252
The History Blog. “2,000-year-old synagogue found in southern Russia.” 8/16/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68050
The History Blog. “8-year-old finds 1,800-year-old silver denarius in school sandbox.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/68120
The History Blog. “Giant panda found in Western Han imperial tomb.” 8/6/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67972
University of Geneva. “New discoveries on the wreck of Antikythera.” 7/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-discoveries-antikythera.html
University of Gothenburg. “Shipboard cannon found off the Swedish coast may be the oldest in Europe.” EurekAlert. 9/13/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1001404
University of Montreal. “New evidence of plant food processing in Italy during Neanderthal-to-Homo sapiens period.” Phys.org. 6/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-06-evidence-food-italy-neanderthal-to-homo-sapiens.html
University of Southampton. “Archaeologists reveal largest palaeolithic cave art site in Eastern Iberia.” Science Daily. 9/11/2023. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/09/230911141015.htm
University of Valencia. “Pigment production adapted to cultural changes and availability of mineral resources 40,000 years ago in Ethiopia.” PhysOrg. 9/11/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-09-pigment-production-cultural-availability-mineral.html
Walls, Alex. “Salmon bones confirm sustainable chum fishery for 2,500 years under Tsleil-Waututh Nation.” PhysOrg. 8/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-salmon-bones-sustainable-chum-fishery.html
Watts, Rachel. “Divers find long-lost artifact from sunken Empress of Ireland in St. Lawrence River.” CBC. 9/9/2023. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/divers-find-long-lost-artifact-from-sunken-empress-of-ireland-quebec-compass-platform-1.6959176
Weiwei Wang et al. ,Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago.Sci. Adv.9,eadh5517(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh5517
Yirka, Bob. “Arrowhead housed at Bern History Museum found to be made from meteoritic iron.” Phys.org. 7/31/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-arrowhead-housed-bern-history-museum.html
Yirka, Bob. “Placement of ancient hidden lamps, skulls in cave in Israel suggests Roman-era practice of necromancy.” Phys.org. 7/14/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-07-placement-ancient-hidden-lamps-skulls.html

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SYMHC Classics: Crescent Hotel Oct 14, 2023

This 2016 episode covers the Crescent Hotel of Eureka Springs, Arkansas. A colorful part of the hotel's history involves a man who claimed that doctors couldn't be trusted, and that he had the cure for cancer.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Criminals and the Maco Light Oct 13, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about the sloppy nature of the William Weare murder. They also discuss ghost stories that may have inspired other media, and Tracy's childhood memories of the Maco light story.

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Six Impossible Episodes: Ghost Stories Oct 11, 2023

October seemed like a good time for an installment of Six Impossible Episodes all about ghosts and hauntings. A lot of these are very well-known in the places where they originated, but maybe not outside of those places.

Research:

Campbelltown Visitor Information Centre. “Frederick Fisher and the Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” https://indd.adobe.com/view/8e2d788d-56b7-43a7-bf4b-a5c3620ee345
Dictionary of Sydney staff writer, Fishers Ghost Creek, Dictionary of Sydney, 2008, http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/fishers_ghost_creek, viewed 04 Oct 2023
TBS News. “The ghost of little girls in Japanese schools.” https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/ghost-little-girls-japanese-schools-58747
Learn Japanese. “Hanako-San is Creepy, What's the Story?” https://www.jappleng.com/education/course/study/4/japanese-culture/lesson/320/japanese-legend-hanako-san-toire
Kishikawa, Molly. “The Real-Life Legend of Toilet-Bound Hanako (and Other Toilet Ghosts).” CBR. 9/27/2021. https://www.cbr.com/toilet-bound-hanako-japanese-toilet-ghosts/
Galvan, Jojo. “Resurrection Mary, The Hitchhiking Ghost of Archer Avenue.” Chicago History Museum. http://www.chicagohistory.org/resurrection-mary/
Windy City Ghosts. “The Legend of Resurrection Mary.” https://windycityghosts.com/the-legend-of-resurrection-mary/
Cosgrove, John, director. “Unsolved Mysteries.” Season 6, Episode 15. 1994.
Bielski, Ursula. “Resurrection Mary: the Queen of Chicago's Haunted Archer Avenue.” American Ghost Walks. https://www.americanghostwalks.com/articles/1-resurrection-mary-the-queen-of-chicago-s-haunted
Larnach Castle and Gardens. “1871 - 1898 "The Larnach Years".” https://www.larnachcastle.co.nz/Visitor-Information-for-Larnach-Castle/Visit-Larnach-Castle/Early-History
Neubauer, Ian. “Haunted Castle High on a Hill.” Stuff. 10/7/2014. https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/nz/61737273/haunted-castle-high-on-a-hill
Smith, Charmin. “Laying Larnach to rest.” Otago Daily Times. 7/8/2009. https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/laying-larnach-rest
Little House of Horrors. “Larnach Castle.” https://thelittlehouseofhorrors.com/larnach-castle/
R. J. Sinclair. 'Larnach, William James Mudie', Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, first published in 1993. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2l2/larnach-william-james-mudie (accessed 5 October 2023)
Steelman, Ben. “Do People Still See the Maco Light?” Star News Online. 10/31/2021. https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2021/10/31/maco-light-brunswick-has-been-seen-since-1880-s/8539263002/
Port City Paranormal. “The Maco Light.”
Barnes, Jay. “Brunswick County’s Maco Light Has Haunted Generations.” Our State. 9/29/2012. https://www.ourstate.com/maco-light/
Fonvielle, Chris E. Jr. “In Search of the Maco Light.” Salt Magazine. https://www.saltmagazinenc.com/in-search-of-the-maco-light/
Dugan, Nick. “Haunted Tri-Cities: Tales from Kingsport’s Rotherwood Mansion.” WJHL. 10/29/2021. https://www.wjhl.com/haunted-tri-cities/haunted-tri-cities-tales-from-kingsports-rotherwood-mansion/
Justus, Anthony. “Rotherwood: House of Hell.” The Haunted Spots Blog. https://hauntedspotslibrary.wordpress.com/2016/03/02/rotherwood-house-of-hell/
Leonard, Austin. “The Legends of Rotherwood Mansion.” The Kayseean. 3/11/2021. https://thekayseean.com/life-and-culture/the-legends-of-rotherwood-mansion/
Sergent, Joanna. “Rotherwood Mansion: Weird Appalachia Cases.” 12/26/2022. http://kytnliving.com/rotherwood-mansion-weird-appalachia-cases/
Ross, Frederick Augustus and Charles Coffin Ross. “The Story of Rotherwood from the Autobiography of Rev. Frederick A. Ross.” 1923. Bean, Warters & Company. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=YOwTAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-YOwTAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1
Garden Study Club of Tennessee. “History of Homes and Gardens in Tennessee.” 1936. Parthenon Press.

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The Murder of William Weare Oct 09, 2023

William Weare's murder was brutal, gruesome, and a source of complete fascination for the public, and it set the stage for illustrated crime reporting.

Research:

Cunningham, Alice. “Radlett: The horrifying 19th century murder that put Hertfordshire's most affluent town on the map.” Hertfordshire Mercury. 11/18/2020. https://www.hertfordshiremercury.co.uk/news/hertfordshire-news/radlett-horrifying-19th-century-murder-4708130
Smith, Daniel. “'Murder jug' from 19th Century sells for big money.” Leicester Mercury. 8/20/2022. https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/murder-jug-19th-century-sells-7487222
Muir, John. “Seven Men Sentenced to Die.” From Rare Books Collections, National Library of Scotland.” https://digital.nls.uk/broadsides/view/?id=14718
“A narrative of the mysterious and dreadful murder of Mr. W. Weare : containing the examination before the magistrates, the Coroner's Inquest, the confession of Hunt, and other particulars previous to the trial, collected from the best sources of intelligence, with anecdotes of Weare, Thurtell, Hunt, Probert, and others, and a full report of the trial, and subsequent execution at Hertford.” London. 1824. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Kq5XAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA1
“The horrid effects of gambling, exemplified in the atrocious murder of Mr. William Weare, who was first treacherously inveigled to and then cruelly butchered by his associates, in Gill's Lane, Herts : together with The remarkable trial and conviction of John Thurtell and Joseph Hunt, for the murder : including Thurtell's eloquent defence, his demeanor previous to and throughout the trial, and a particular account of his c.” Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.32830888
Fraser, Angus. "Thurtell, John (1794–1824), murderer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 23, 2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 11 Sep. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-27414
Wheeler, Susan. “Medicine in Art: The Lancett Club at a Thurtell Feast’, by Thomas Rowlandson.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. July 2002. Vol. 57, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24623701
Digby, Everard. “Somme Inns of Chancery.” From “The Commonwealth Law Review.” C. F. Maxwell. January 1906. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=pQBCAQAAMAAJ
Borowitz, Albert. “The Thurtell-Hunt Murder Case: Dark Mirror to Regency England.” Louisiana State University Press. 1987.
"Inns of Court." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 27 May. 1999. Accessed 13 Sep. 2023.
Rider, Clare. “The Inns Of Court And Inns Of Chancery And Their Records.” The Inner Temple. https://www.innertemple.org.uk/who-we-are/history/historical-articles/the-inns-of-court-and-inns-of-chancery-and-their-records/

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SYMHC Classics: Death of Poe Oct 07, 2023

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers the unusual circumstances surrounding Edgar Allan Poe's disappearance, reappearance, and death.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Gothic All Week Oct 06, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about college experiences with Gothic literature, and modern analysis of Ann Radcliffe's work.

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Ann Radcliffe, Gothic Great Enchantress, Part 2 Oct 04, 2023

Once Ann Radcliffe retired from publishing, all kinds of rumors started to spread about her, including some that distressed her greatly. After she died, there was even more speculation.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ann Radcliffe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ann-Radcliffe-English-author
Radcliffe, Ann. “The Romance of the Forest, interspersed with some pieces of poetry.” London. 1824. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64701/pg64701-images.html
Radcliffe, Ann. “Gaston de Blondeville: Or The Court of Henry III. Keeping Festival in Ardenne, a Romance. St. Alban's Abbey, a Metrical Tale: with Some Poetical Pieces, Volume 1.” H. Colburn. 1826. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdot=1
Radcliffe, Ann. “A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, With a Return Down the Rhine: To Which Are Added Observations During a Tour to the Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland and Cumberland, in Two Volumes.” G.G. and Robinson. London. 1795. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62795/pg62795-images.html
Facer, Ruth. “Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823).” Chawton House Library. 2012. http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ann-Radcliffe.pdf
Dugdale, John. “Happy 250th, Ann Radcliffe.” The Guardian. Oct. 31, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/31/ann-radcliffe-gothic-pioneer-snubbed-horace-walpole-the-castle-of-oronto-250-years-celebrations#:~:text=Another%20250th%20anniversary%2C%20of%20Ann,sent%20up%20in%20Northanger%20Abbey.
Flood, Allison. “Gothic fiction pioneer Ann Radcliffe may have been inspired by mother-in-law.” The Guardian. Jan. 30, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/30/ann-radcliffe-gothic-fiction-mother-in-law
McIntyre, Clara Frances. “Anne Radcliffe in Relation to her Time.” Yale University Press. 1920. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/annradcliffeinre00mcinuoft/page/n3/mode/2up
“Mr. Radcliffe … “ Sunday Dispatch/ London. October 30, 1825. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813446539/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
McKillop, Alan D. “Mrs. Radcliffe on the Supernatural in Poetry.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 31, no. 3, 1932, pp. 352–59. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27703650
Clarke, N. (2005). Anna Seward: Swan, Duckling or Goose?. In: Batchelor, J., Kaplan, C. (eds) British Women’s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595972_3
Norton, Rictor. “Mistress of Udolpho.” Leicester University Press. 1999.
Thomas, Donald. “Queen of Terrors.” The Guardian. July 10, 1964. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259612656/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
Townshend, D., & Wright, A. (2014). Gothic and Romantic engagements The critical reception of Ann Radcliffe, 1789–1850. In D. Townshend & A. Wright (Eds.), Ann Radcliffe, Romanticism and the Gothic (pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507448.003
Schwertfeger, S. 'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery. Palgrave Commun3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0018-z
Scott, Sir Walter. “The Lives of the Novelists.” London. 1906. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1

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Ann Radcliffe, Gothic Great Enchantress, Part 1 Oct 02, 2023

In the space of a decade, Ann Radcliffe married, started writing, and had an incredibly successful career as an author. But after her 1797 novel, she retired, much to the confusion of her readers.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ann Radcliffe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ann-Radcliffe-English-author
Radcliffe, Ann. “The Romance of the Forest, interspersed with some pieces of poetry.” London. 1824. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64701/pg64701-images.html
Radcliffe, Ann. “Gaston de Blondeville: Or The Court of Henry III. Keeping Festival in Ardenne, a Romance. St. Alban's Abbey, a Metrical Tale: with Some Poetical Pieces, Volume 1.” H. Colburn. 1826. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-vi03AAAAIAAJ&rdot=1
Radcliffe, Ann. “A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, With a Return Down the Rhine: To Which Are Added Observations During a Tour to the Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland and Cumberland, in Two Volumes.” G.G. and Robinson. London. 1795. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/62795/pg62795-images.html
Facer, Ruth. “Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823).” Chawton House Library. 2012. http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ann-Radcliffe.pdf
Dugdale, John. “Happy 250th, Ann Radcliffe.” The Guardian. Oct. 31, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/31/ann-radcliffe-gothic-pioneer-snubbed-horace-walpole-the-castle-of-oronto-250-years-celebrations#:~:text=Another%20250th%20anniversary%2C%20of%20Ann,sent%20up%20in%20Northanger%20Abbey.
Flood, Allison. “Gothic fiction pioneer Ann Radcliffe may have been inspired by mother-in-law.” The Guardian. Jan. 30, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/30/ann-radcliffe-gothic-fiction-mother-in-law
McIntyre, Clara Frances. “Anne Radcliffe in Relation to her Time.” Yale University Press. 1920. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/annradcliffeinre00mcinuoft/page/n3/mode/2up
“Mr. Radcliffe … “ Sunday Dispatch/ London. October 30, 1825. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813446539/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
McKillop, Alan D. “Mrs. Radcliffe on the Supernatural in Poetry.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 31, no. 3, 1932, pp. 352–59. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27703650
Clarke, N. (2005). Anna Seward: Swan, Duckling or Goose?. In: Batchelor, J., Kaplan, C. (eds) British Women’s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595972_3
Norton, Rictor. “Mistress of Udolpho.” Leicester University Press. 1999.
Thomas, Donald. “Queen of Terrors.” The Guardian. July 10, 1964. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259612656/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
Townshend, D., & Wright, A. (2014). Gothic and Romantic engagements The critical reception of Ann Radcliffe, 1789–1850. In D. Townshend & A. Wright (Eds.), Ann Radcliffe, Romanticism and the Gothic(pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507448.003
Schwertfeger, S. 'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery. Palgrave Commun3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0018-z
Scott, Sir Walter. “The Lives of the Novelists.” London. 1906. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1

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SYMHC Classics: Mother Shipton Sep 30, 2023

This 2020 episode covers Mother Shipton, who may or may not have been a real person. She's described as everything from an oracle to a witch to the daughter of the devil, depending on which of the many sources you’re reading.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Sad Clowns, Sad Trees Sep 29, 2023

Tracy talks about how Grimaldi's memoirs read more like a Dickens novel than a source of biographical information. Then, Holly and Tracy talk about plant diseases.

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Eponymous Foods – Autumn Apple Edition Sep 27, 2023

The eponymous Bramley and McIntosh apples are both lucky accidents, and both of them have stories which stretch from the early 19th century into present day.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ann Radcliffe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ann-Radcliffe-English-author
Radcliffe, Ann. “The Romance of the Forest, interspersed with some pieces of poetry.” London. 1824. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/64701/pg64701-images.html
Facer, Ruth. “Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823).” Chawton House Library. 2012. http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Ann-Radcliffe.pdf
Dugdale, John. “Happy 250th, Ann Radcliffe.” The Guardian. Oct. 31, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/oct/31/ann-radcliffe-gothic-pioneer-snubbed-horace-walpole-the-castle-of-oronto-250-years-celebrations#:~:text=Another%20250th%20anniversary%2C%20of%20Ann,sent%20up%20in%20Northanger%20Abbey.
Flood, Allison. “Gothic fiction pioneer Ann Radcliffe may have been inspired by mother-in-law.” The Guardian. Jan. 30, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/30/ann-radcliffe-gothic-fiction-mother-in-law
“Mr. Radcliffe … “ Sunday Dispatch/ London. October 30, 1825. https://www.newspapers.com/image/813446539/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
Clarke, N. (2005). Anna Seward: Swan, Duckling or Goose?. In: Batchelor, J., Kaplan, C. (eds) British Women’s Writing in the Long Eighteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595972_3
Norton, Rictor. “Mistress of Udolpho.” Leicester University Press. 1999.
Thomas, Donald. “Queen of Terrors.” The Guardian. July 10, 1964. https://www.newspapers.com/image/259612656/?terms=%22Ann%20Radcliffe%22&match=1
Townshend, D., & Wright, A. (2014). Gothic and Romantic engagements The critical reception of Ann Radcliffe, 1789–1850. In D. Townshend & A. Wright (Eds.), Ann Radcliffe, Romanticism and the Gothic(pp. 3-32). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139507448.003
Schwertfeger, S. 'No spoilers, please': the crux of illustrating the explained Gothic without explaining the mystery. Palgrave Commun3, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-017-0018-z
Scott, Sir Walter. “The Lives of the Novelists.” London. 1906. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-DXPPAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1

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Joseph Grimaldi, the First Modern Clown Sep 25, 2023

Joseph Grimaldi was one of England’s most famous Regency-era entertainers. Sometimes he’s described as the first modern clown, because he established a lot of the hallmarks of clowning that still exist today.

Research:

Boyle, Laura. “Joseph Grimaldi, King of Clowns.” Jane Austen Centre. 4/14/2014. https://janeausten.co.uk/blogs/uncategorized/joseph-grimaldi-king-clowns
Grimaldi, Joseph. “Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi.” Edited by Charles Dickens (“Boz”), illustrated by George Cruikshank. London, George Routledge and Sons. 1838.
Kaplan, Charles. “The Only Native British Art Form.” The Antioch Review , Summer, 1984, Vol. 42, No. 3, "Divine Goalie" Sport and Religion (Summer, 1984). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/461136
Moody, Jane. "Grimaldi, Joseph [Joe] (1778–1837), actor and pantomimist." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. May 29, 2014. Oxford University Press. Date of access 7 Sep. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-11630
Read, Leslie du S. "Grimaldi, Joseph [Giuseppe] (1709x16?–1788), dancer and dentist." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 23, 2004. Oxford University Press. Date of access 7 Sep. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-64341
Simon, Ed. “Here We Are Again!—How Joseph Grimaldi Invented the Creepy Clown.” JSTOR Daily. 5/4/2022. https://daily.jstor.org/here-we-are-again-how-joseph-grimaldi-invented-the-creepy-clown/
Stott, Andrew McConnell. “Clowns on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown: Dickens, Coulrophobia, and the Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi.” Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Fall 2012). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26899534
Stott, Andrew McConnell. “The Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi.” The Public Domain Review. 11/14/2011. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/the-memoirs-of-joseph-grimaldi/
Stott, Andrew McConnell. “The Pantomime Life of Joseph Grimaldi: Laughter, Madness and the Story of Britain’s Greatest Comedian.” Canongate. 2010.
Woods, Leigh. “The Curse of Performance: Inscripting the ‘Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi’ into the Life of Charles Dickens.” Biography , Spring 1991, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Spring 1991). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23539893

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SYMHC Classics: Frieda Belinfante Sep 23, 2023

This 2019 episode covers Frieda Belinfante who broke gender barriers in becoming a conductor. She was also a member of the Dutch resistance, who risked her life during WWII in defiance of the German occupation of the Netherlands.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Marketing and Activism Sep 22, 2023

Holly shares how Stewart appealed to women customers in his ads. Tracy shares some inconsistencies in the spelling of Isabel González's name in the official record.

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Isabel González and Gonzales v. Williams Sep 20, 2023

Gonzales v. Williams is one of the Insular Cases, and because it was about the citizenship status of Isabel González of Puerto Rico, it stands out from the many other Insular Cases that focus on goods and tariffs.

Research:

Burnett, Christina Duffy. "’They say I am not an American...’: The Noncitizen National and the Law of American Empire.” Virginia Journal of International Law. Vol. 48, No. 4. 2008.
Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court of the United States at October Term, 1903. “Gonzalez v. Williams.” No. 225.. Argued December 4, 7, 1903.-Decided January 4, 1904. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep192/usrep192001/usrep192001.pdf
Connecticut General Assembly Office of Legislative Research. “OLR Research Report.” 3/3/1997. https://www.cga.ct.gov/PS97/rpt/olr/htm/97-R-0359.htm
Erman, Sam. “Almost Citizens: Puerto Rico, the U.S. Constitution, and Empire (Studies in Legal History).” Cambridge University Press. 2018.
Erman, Sam. “Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905.” Journal of American Ethnic History. Summer 2008. Volume 27. Number 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27501851
Fifty-first Congress. “An act in amendment to the various acts relative to immigration and the importation of aliens under contract or agreement to perform labor.” chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://govtrackus.s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/26/STATUTE-26-Pg1084a.pdf
Halperin, Anna Danziger. “Isabel González and Puerto Rican Citizenship: A Q&A with Historian Sam Erman.” New York Historical Society Museum and Library. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/isabel-gonzalez-and-puerto-rican-citizenship-a-qa-with-historian-sam-erman
On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court Of Appeals For The Tenth Circuit. “Brief of the Descendants of Dred Scott and Isabel Gonzalez as Amici Curae in support of the Petitioners.” No. 21-1394 in the Supreme Court of the United States.
Silsby, Gilen. “The Legal Story Behind Puerto Rico’s Colonial Conundrum.” USC TrojanFamily. Spring 2019. https://news.usc.edu/trojan-family/sam-erman-usc-puerto-rican-citizenship/
Silsby, Gilen. “Who in the world was Isabel Gonzalez?” With Sam Erman. USC Gould School of Law. 10/17/2018. https://gould.usc.edu/about/news/?id=4489
Women and the American Story. “Puerto Rican Citizenship.” https://wams.nyhistory.org/industry-and-empire/expansion-and-empire/puerto-rican-citizenship/
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]), 25 Nov. 1906. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1906-11-25/ed-1/seq-13/

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Alexander Turney Stewart Sep 18, 2023

Alexander Turney Stewart is known as the creator of the department store. He make a fortune in business, but the most interesting parts of his life story come at the end – including after he died.

Research:

“Act of Congress Establishing the Treasury Department.” U.S. Department of the Treasury. https://home.treasury.gov/history/act-of-congress-establishing-the-treasury-department
“A.T. Stewart’s Body.” New York Daily News. Aug. 17, 1879. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329793880/?terms=%22Alexander%20T.%20Stewart%22&match=1
“Alexander T. Stewart.” New York Times. April 11, 1876. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1876/04/11/80328682.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Asbury, Herbert. “The Gangs of New York.” Wisehouse Classics. 2023 edition.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alexander Turney Stewart". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Turney-Stewart
Brockett, L. P. “Men of our day; or, Biographical sketches of patriots, orators, statesmen, generals, reformers, financiers and merch, including ants, now on the stage of action: including Those who in military, political, business, and social life are the prominent leaders of the time in this country.” Ziegler & McCurdy. Philadelphia. 1872.
DeRiggi, Mildred Murphy. “Alexander Turney Stewart.” Irish Lives in America. Royal Irish Academy. 2021.
“The Decision in the Stewart Will Case.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Dec. 28, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/50424282/?terms=%22Alexander%20T.%20Stewart%22&match=1
Fischler, Marcelle S. “An Immigrant's Vision Created Garden City.” New York Times. Nov. 15, 1998. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/15/nyregion/an-immigrant-s-vision-created-garden-city.html
Hubbard, Elbert. “Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Businessmen, Volume 11.” New York. 1916. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/23595/23595-h/23595-h.htm#A_T_STEWART
Lenoir, Andrew. “The Nearly Solved Mystery Behind the Missing Corpse of One of the Richest Men Ever.” Atlas Obscura. Oct. 27, 2016. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-nearlysolved-mystery-behind-the-missing-corpse-of-one-of-the-richest-men-ever
Resseguie, Harry E. “FEDERAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: THE A. T. STEWART CASE: A Century-Old Episode With Current Implications.” New York History, vol. 47, no. 3, 1966, pp. 271–301. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23162709
Resseguie, Harry E. “Alexander Turney Stewart and the Development of the Department Store, 1823-1876.” The Business History Review, vol. 39, no. 3, 1965, pp. 301–22. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3112143
“The Stewart Will Suit.” Boston Globe. June 26, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428231391/?terms=%22Alexander%20T.%20Stewart%22&match=1
“Stewart’s Body Sought.” New York Times. August 21, 1881. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/08/21/102756034.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Walling, George Washington. “Recollections of a New York Chief of Police.” Caxton Book Concern. New York. 1887. (Kindle edition)

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SYMHC Classics: Henry Every Sep 16, 2023

This 2018 episode covers Henry Every, who carried out what's been described as the most profitable and brutal pirate raid in history. It became a massive international incident.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Fascinating Dean Sep 15, 2023

Tracy talks about how she was particularly fascinated by Dean Mahomed's entrepreneurial efforts. She and Holly also marvel at the many career pivots Mahomed made.

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Dean Mahomed, Restaurateur and Shampooing Surgeon Sep 13, 2023

After Dean Mahomed sailed to Cork in January of 1784, he continued to work for Godfrey Evan Baker. But after Baker's death, Mahomed became an entrepreneur.

Research:

Bartlett, James. “Dean Mahomet: travel writer, curry entrepreneur and shampooer to the king.” History Ireland. Issue 5. September/October 2007. https://www.historyireland.com/dean-mahomet-travel-writer-curry-entrepreneur-and-shampooer-to-the-king/
Carpenter, Gerald. “The Travels of Dean Mahomet, The Travels of Dean Mahomet, a Native of Patna in Bengal, through Several Parts of India, while in the Service of the Honourable The East India Company. Written by Himself, in a Series of Letters to a Friend.” The Literature of Autobiographical Vol. 2. Diaries and Letters.
Dharwadker, Vinay. “English in India and Indian Literature in English: The Early History, 1579-1834.” Comparative Literature Studies , 2002, Vol. 39, No. 2 (2002). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40247335
Fisher, Michael H. "Mahomed, Deen [formerly Deen Mahomet] (1759–1851), shampooing surgeon and restaurateur." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 01, 2017. Oxford University Press. Date of access 22 Aug. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-53351
Fisher, Michael H. “From India to England and Back: Early Indian Travel Narratives for Indian Readers.” Huntington Library Quarterly , Vol. 70, No. 1 (March 2007). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/hlq.2007.70.1.153
Fisher, Michael H. “Representations of India, the English East India Company, and Self by an Eighteenth-Century Indian Emigrant to Britain.” Modern Asian Studies , Oct., 1998, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct., 1998). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/313054
Mahomet, Dean. “The Travels of Dean Mahomet: An Eighteenth-Century Journey through India.” Edited with an introduction and biographical essay by Michael H. Fisher. Berkeley: University of California Press, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft4h4nb20n/
Mahomet, Sake Deen. “Shampooing, or, Benefits resulting from the use of the Indian medicated vapour bath, as introduced into this country, by S.D. Mahomed, (a native of India) : containing a brief but comprehensive view of the effects produced by the use of the warm bath, in comparison with steam or vapour bathing : also a detailed account of the various cases to which this healing remedy may be applied, its general efficacy in peculiar diseases, and its success in innumerable instances, when all other remedies had been ineffectual : to which is subjoined an alphabetical list of names (many of the very first consequence,) subscribed in testimony of the important use & general approval of the Indian method of shampooing.” Brighton, Casey & Baker. 1826. https://archive.org/details/b22374632/
Mixed Museum. “Sake Dean Mahomed and Jane Daly.” https://mixedmuseum.org.uk/amri-exhibition/sake-dean-mahomed-and-jane-daly/
Narain, Mona. “Dean Mahomet’s Travels , Border Crossings, and the Narrative of Alterity.” SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Volume 49, Number 3, Summer 2009. https://doi.org/10.1353/sel.0.0070
O’Connell, Ronan. “Sake Dean Mahomed: the Muslim trailblazer who opened London's first curry house.” National News. 2/6/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/travel/destinations/2022/02/06/sake-dean-mahomet-the-muslim-trailblazer-who-opened-londons-first-curry-house/
Panigrahi, Tanutrushna. “Revisiting the Narrative Powers of the Global South through The Travels of Dean Mahomet.” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n3.25
Satapathy, Amrita. “The Idea of England in Eighteenth-Century Indian Travel Writing.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. Purdue University. Vol. 14, Issue 2, June 2012.
Singh, Amardeep. “A Closer Look at Dean Mahomet (1759-1850).” Lehigh University. 9/6/2006. https://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2006/09/closer-look-at-dean-mahomet-1759-1850.html
Wills, Matthew. “Dean Mahomet: Travel Writer, Border Crosser.” JSTOR Daily. 5/16/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/dean-mahomet-travel-writer-border-crosser/

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Dean Mahomed and the Bengal Army Sep 11, 2023

Dean Mahomed was in northeastern India in 1759, and he had a life of unique experiences, starting with becoming part of the entourage of Anglo-Irish soldier Godfrey Evan Baker.

Research:

Bartlett, James. “Dean Mahomet: travel writer, curry entrepreneur and shampooer to the king.” History Ireland. Issue 5. September/October 2007. https://www.historyireland.com/dean-mahomet-travel-writer-curry-entrepreneur-and-shampooer-to-the-king/
Carpenter, Gerald. “The Travels of Dean Mahomet, The Travels of Dean Mahomet, a Native of Patna in Bengal, through Several Parts of India, while in the Service of the Honourable The East India Company. Written by Himself, in a Series of Letters to a Friend.” The Literature of Autobiographical Vol. 2. Diaries and Letters.
Dharwadker, Vinay. “English in India and Indian Literature in English: The Early History, 1579-1834.” Comparative Literature Studies , 2002, Vol. 39, No. 2 (2002). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40247335
Fisher, Michael H. "Mahomed, Deen [formerly Deen Mahomet] (1759–1851), shampooing surgeon and restaurateur." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. September 01, 2017. Oxford University Press. Date of access 22 Aug. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-53351
Fisher, Michael H. “From India to England and Back: Early Indian Travel Narratives for Indian Readers.” Huntington Library Quarterly , Vol. 70, No. 1 (March 2007). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/hlq.2007.70.1.153
Fisher, Michael H. “Representations of India, the English East India Company, and Self by an Eighteenth-Century Indian Emigrant to Britain.” Modern Asian Studies , Oct., 1998, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct., 1998). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/313054
Mahomet, Dean. “The Travels of Dean Mahomet: An Eighteenth-Century Journey through India.” Edited with an introduction and biographical essay by Michael H. Fisher. Berkeley: University of California Press, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft4h4nb20n/
Mahomet, Sake Deen. “Shampooing, or, Benefits resulting from the use of the Indian medicated vapour bath, as introduced into this country, by S.D. Mahomed, (a native of India) : containing a brief but comprehensive view of the effects produced by the use of the warm bath, in comparison with steam or vapour bathing : also a detailed account of the various cases to which this healing remedy may be applied, its general efficacy in peculiar diseases, and its success in innumerable instances, when all other remedies had been ineffectual : to which is subjoined an alphabetical list of names (many of the very first consequence,) subscribed in testimony of the important use & general approval of the Indian method of shampooing.” Brighton, Casey & Baker. 1826. https://archive.org/details/b22374632/
Mixed Museum. “Sake Dean Mahomed and Jane Daly.” https://mixedmuseum.org.uk/amri-exhibition/sake-dean-mahomed-and-jane-daly/
Narain, Mona. “Dean Mahomet’s Travels , Border Crossings, and the Narrative of Alterity.” SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Volume 49, Number 3, Summer 2009. https://doi.org/10.1353/sel.0.0070
O’Connell, Ronan. “Sake Dean Mahomed: the Muslim trailblazer who opened London's first curry house.” National News. 2/6/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/travel/destinations/2022/02/06/sake-dean-mahomet-the-muslim-trailblazer-who-opened-londons-first-curry-house/
Panigrahi, Tanutrushna. “Revisiting the Narrative Powers of the Global South through The Travels of Dean Mahomet.” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. https://dx.doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v12n3.25
Satapathy, Amrita. “The Idea of England in Eighteenth-Century Indian Travel Writing.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. Purdue University. Vol. 14, Issue 2, June 2012.
Singh, Amardeep. “A Closer Look at Dean Mahomet (1759-1850).” Lehigh University. 9/6/2006. https://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2006/09/closer-look-at-dean-mahomet-1759-1850.html
Wills, Matthew. “Dean Mahomet: Travel Writer, Border Crosser.” JSTOR Daily. 5/16/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/dean-mahomet-travel-writer-border-crosser/

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SYMHC Classics: Mary, Queen of Scots Sep 09, 2023

This 2018 episode focuses on the adult life of Mary, Queen of Scots – especially the conspiracy that ultimately led to her execution in 1587.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mysteries of the Morgan Abduction Sep 08, 2023

Holly and Tracy discuss the appeal of secret societies and the unity that people sometimes find in vilifying an outcast.

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The Abduction of William Morgan, Part 2 Sep 06, 2023

When William Morgan's manuscript "Illustrations of Masonry" was finally published, it was really kind of boring. So why were people so eager to suppress it, and what truly happened to him after his abduction?

Research:

“An Old Story Revived.” New York Times. July 9, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20379152/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Another Morgan Story.” New York Times. July 22, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20381332/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Black Rock – Thursday Evening, October 5.” Black Rock Gazette. Oct. 5, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877445/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Captain Morgan.” The Evening Post. Nov. 14, 1862. https://www.newspapers.com/image/40603708/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Captain William Morgan.” Black Rock Gazette. Nov. 9, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877491/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“A Good Enough Morgan Again.” The Evening Gazette. June 24, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/10020603/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
Greene, Samuel D. “The Broken Seal: Or, Personal Reminiscenses of the Morgan Abduction and Murder.” Ezra A. Cook & Company. 1873. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=dw4AAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-dw4AAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1
Morgan, William. “Illustrations of Masonry.” Chicago. Ezra A. Cook Publications. 1827. (Digital copy.)
“The Morgan Monument.” New York Times. Sept. 15, 1882. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/09/15/102787325.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Pritchard, Samuel. “Masonry Dissected.” London. Charles Corbett. 1730. Digital copy: https://archive.org/details/MasonryDissected/page/n3/mode/2up
“Proclamation by DeWitt Clinton.” Black Rock Gazette. Nov. 16, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877503/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“The reported discovery of the remains of William Morgan … “ Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 27, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/50402459/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
Riley, Kathleen L. “Lockport: Historic Jewel of the Erie Canal.” Arcadia Publishing. 2005.
Ross, Peter. “A Standard History of Freemasonry in the State of New York: Including Lodge, Chapter, Council, Commandery and Scottish Rite Bodies, Volume 1.” Lewis Publishing Company. 1899. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-GciAAAAMAAJ
“To the Public.” Black Rock Gazette. Oct. 12, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877456/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“William Morgan’s Bones.” New York Times. June 22, 1881. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/06/22/98562253.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“The masonic fraternity and others … “ Poughkeepsie Journal. August 23, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/114416277/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1

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The Abduction of William Morgan, Part 1 Sep 04, 2023

In 1826, William Morgan, who lived in Batavia, New York, advertised that he was writing a book that would expose the secrets of the Freemasons. And then he vanished.

Research:

“An Old Story Revived.” New York Times. July 9, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20379152/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Another Morgan Story.” New York Times. July 22, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/20381332/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Black Rock – Thursday Evening, October 5.” Black Rock Gazette. Oct. 5, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877445/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Captain Morgan.” The Evening Post. Nov. 14, 1862. https://www.newspapers.com/image/40603708/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“Captain William Morgan.” Black Rock Gazette. Nov. 9, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877491/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“A Good Enough Morgan Again.” The Evening Gazette. June 24, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/10020603/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
Greene, Samuel D. “The Broken Seal: Or, Personal Reminiscenses of the Morgan Abduction and Murder.” Ezra A. Cook & Company. 1873. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=dw4AAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-dw4AAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1
Morgan, William. “Illustrations of Masonry.” Chicago. Ezra A. Cook Publications. 1827. (Digital copy.)
“The Morgan Monument.” New York Times. Sept. 15, 1882. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/09/15/102787325.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Pritchard, Samuel. “Masonry Dissected.” London. Charles Corbett. 1730. Digital copy: https://archive.org/details/MasonryDissected/page/n3/mode/2up
“Proclamation by DeWitt Clinton.” Black Rock Gazette. Nov. 16, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877503/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“The reported discovery of the remains of William Morgan … “ Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 27, 1881. https://www.newspapers.com/image/50402459/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
Riley, Kathleen L. “Lockport: Historic Jewel of the Erie Canal.” Arcadia Publishing. 2005.
Ross, Peter. “A Standard History of Freemasonry in the State of New York: Including Lodge, Chapter, Council, Commandery and Scottish Rite Bodies, Volume 1.” Lewis Publishing Company. 1899. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-GciAAAAMAAJ
“To the Public.” Black Rock Gazette. Oct. 12, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/254877456/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1
“William Morgan’s Bones.” New York Times. June 22, 1881. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/06/22/98562253.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“The masonic fraternity and others … “ Poughkeepsie Journal. August 23, 1826. https://www.newspapers.com/image/114416277/?terms=%22william%20morgan%22&match=1

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SYMHC Classics: Benjamin Lay Sep 02, 2023

This 2019 episode covers Benjamin Lay, a Quaker and a radical abolitionist who lived in the period between when the Religious Society of Friends began and when it started formally banning slave ownership among its members.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Licoricia and Glitter Sunscreen Sep 01, 2023

Tracy discusses her love of medieval history, and how much Licoricia's story surprised her. She and Holly then both discuss the importance of proper sunscreen application.

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History of Sunscreen Aug 30, 2023

People around the globe have protected their skin using a variety of substances throughout history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, deeper understanding of sunlight and the way it affects skin led to more protective sunscreen formulations.

Research:

Aldahan AS, Shah VV, Mlacker S, Nouri K. “The History of Sunscreen.” JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(12):1316. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.3011
Belmont, Trixie. “Suntans With Pay Off.” The Baltimore Sun. June 13, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/377122417/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22%20&match=1
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Johann Wilhelm Ritter". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wilhelm-Ritter
Diffey, B. “Has the sun protection factor had its day?.” BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 320,7228 (2000): 176-7. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7228.176
Greiter, F. and Gschnait, F. “EFFECT OF UV LIGHT ON HUMANS.” Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1984. 39: 869-873. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb08873.x
Hodgskiss, Tammy. “What the use of ochre tells us about the capabilities of our African ancestry.” The Conversation. Sept. 7, 2015. https://theconversation.com/what-the-use-of-ochre-tells-us-about-the-capabilities-of-our-african-ancestry-47081
“History of Hamilton.” https://www.hamiltonsunandskin.com.au/history-of-hamilton
Leach, Doreen, and Julie Beckwith. “The founders of dermatology: Robert WilIan and Thomas Bateman.” Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Vol. 33, No. 6. November/December 1999. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9665792/pdf/jrcollphyslond146949-0084.pdf
MacEACHERN W.N. and O.F. JILLSON. “A Practical Sunscreen— ‘Red Vet Pet.’” Arch Dermatol. 1964;89(1):147–150. doi:10.1001/archderm.1964.01590250153027
Rathish, Shruthi, and Sebastian Criton. “Robert Willan – A True Pioneer.” Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, April 22, 2019. https://jsstd.org/robert-willan-a-true-pioneer/
Rubin, Penny. “Only on Sun Days.” The Province. January 4, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501299818/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22&match=1
“The science of sunscreen.” Harvard Health Publishing. Feb 15, 2021. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-science-of-sunscreen
Skin Cancer Foundation. “Ask the Expert: Does a High SPF Protect My Skin Better?”May 1. 2023. https://www.skincancer.org/blog/ask-the-expert-does-a-high-spf-protect-my-skin-better/
“Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun.” FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun#spf
“SUNSCREEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT:The History of Sunscreen's Effect on Corals.” Smithsonian Institute Oceans. https://ocean.si.edu/ecosystems/coral-reefs/sunscreen-environment
“Sun Tan Free, by the Inch.” The San Francisco Examiner. June 18, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458648765/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22&match=1
Svarc, Federico. "A brief illustrated history on sunscreens and sun protection" Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 87, no. 9-10, 2015, pp. 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0303
Urbach, Frederick. “The historical aspects of sunscreens.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. Volume 64, Issues 2–3. 2001.Pages 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00202-0.
Urbach, F. “Franz Greiter – The Man and His Work.” Photobiology. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3732-8_82

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Licoricia of Winchester Aug 28, 2023

Licoricia of Winchester was a Jewish woman who was a major financier in medieval England. There were Jewish settlements in England for only a brief window during the Middle Ages, marked with anti-Semitic violence and hostility.

Research:

Abrams, Rebecca. “Licoricia of Winchester.” Jewish Heritage in Southern England. Jewish Renaissance. Via YouTube. 6/8/2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wC6hitEgiEc
Abrams, Rebecca. “Licoricia of Winchester: Power and Prejudice in Medieval England.” 2022.
Brown, Reva Berman and Sean McCartney. “David of Oxford and Licoricia of Winchester: glimpses into a Jewish family in thirteenth-century England.” Jewish Historical Studies , 2004, Vol. 39 (2004). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29780068
Butler, Sara M. “Who killed Licoricia of Winchester? A Medieval Murder Mystery.” Legal History Miscellany. 2/10/2023. https://legalhistorymiscellany.com/2023/02/10/who-killed-licoricia-of-winchester-a-medieval-murder-mystery/
Carver, William. “A 13thC Jewish woman: Licoricia of Winchester.” One Big History Department. 9/14/2022. https://onebighistorydepartment.com/2022/09/14/a-13thc-jewish-woman-licoricia-of-winchester/
Cohen, Sarah. “The Oxford Jewry in the Thirteenth Century.” Transactions (Jewish Historical Society of England) , 1932-1935, Vol. 13. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29777813
Goldy, Charlotte Newman. “Prosopography and Proximity.” Medieval Prosopography , 2018, Vol. 33. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26630013
Licoricia of Winchester Appeal. https://licoricia.org/
Lipman, Vivian D. “Jews and castles in medieval England.” Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England) , 1981-1982. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778916
Lubrich, Naomi. “The Wandering Hat: Iterations of the Medieval Jewish Pointed Cap.” Jewish History , December 2015, Vol. 29, No. 3/4 (December 2015). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24709777
Meyer, Hannah. "Licoricia of Winchester (d. 1277), financier." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. July 08, 2021. Oxford University Press. Date of access 16 Aug. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.369088
Meyer, Hannah. “Licoricia of Winchester.” Delivered at Winchester Open Days. 9/15/2018. https://licoricia.org/2018/09/18/hannah-meyers-talk-a-great-success/
Rokéaḥ, Zefira Entin. “Crime and Jews in Late Thirteenth-Century England: Some Cases and Comments.” Hebrew Union College Annual , 1984, Vol. 55 (1984). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23507612
Roth, Pinchas. “Jewish Courts in Medieval England.” Jewish History, December 2017, Vol. 31, No. 1/2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48698359
Snappy Dragon Studios. “This Jewish medieval woman just got a statue : Analyzing the Licoricia of Winchester statue’s clothes.” https://www.snappydragonstudios.com/blog/licoricia-statue
Stacey, Robert C. “Royal Taxation and the Social Structure of Medieval Anglo-Jewry: The Tallages of 1239-1242.” Hebrew Union College Annual, 1985, Vol. 56 (1985). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23507653
Stokes, Canon H.P. “A Jewish Family in Oxford in the 13th Century.” Transactions (Jewish Historical Society of England), Vol. 10 (1921-1923). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29777709
Tallan, Cheryl and Suzanne Bartlet. “Licoricia of Winchester.” The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/licoricia-of-winchester
Tallan, Cheryl. “Structures of Power Available to Two Jewish Women in Thirteenth-Century England.” Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies, 1997. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23535849
Uscinski, Kristin. “Who Murdered Licoricia of Winchester?” Footnoting History Podcast. 10/8/2022. https://www.footnotinghistory.com/home/who-murdered-licoricia-of-winchester
van Court, Elisa Narin. “Invisible in Oxford: Medieval Jewish History in Modern England.” Shofar , Spring 2008, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Spring 2008). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42944746
Waterman, Hillary. “Licoricia of Winchester, Jewish Widow and Medieval Financier.” JSTOR Daily. 10/28/2015. https://daily.jstor.org/licoricia-jewish-medieval-women-moneylenders/

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SYMHC Classics: Leicester Hemingway Aug 26, 2023

This 2020 episode about Leicester Hemingway reveals a life very much lived in the shadow of his famous brother. But after Ernest Hemingway’s death, Leicester made some bold and surprising moves.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Negligence and the Good Witch Aug 25, 2023

Tracy talks about how Muriel Rukeyser being the entry point for the Hawk's Tunnel Disaster episode. Holly talks about Billie Burke's writing about her husband, Flo Ziegfeld, Jr., and unfair comparisons to other performers.

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The Beguiling Billie Burke Aug 23, 2023

Billie Burke is known today for one iconic movie role, but in the early 20th century, she was incredibly successful and very famous. Her life and marriage are as fascinating and dramatic as any play or film she starred in.

Research:

“Billie Burke.” Playbill. https://www.playbill.com/person/billie-burke-vault-0000023585
“Billie Burke and Burkeley Crest.” Hastings Historical Society. Sept. 14, 2009. https://hastingshistoricalsociety.org/2009/09/14/billie-burke-and-burkeley-crest/
“Billie Burke Dead; Movie Comedienne.” New York Times. May 16, 1970. https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/16/archives/billie-burke-dead-movie-comedienne-billie-burke-film-comedienne-and.html
“Billie Burke Weds.” New York Times. April 13, 1914. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/04/13/101431271.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Burke, Billie. “With a Feather on My Nose.” Appleton-Century-Crofts. New York. 1949.
Burke, Billie. “With Powder o My Nose.” Coward-McCann. 1959. Kindle edition, 2016.
“Florenz Ziegfeld Dies in Hollywood After Long Illness.” New York Times. July 23, 1932. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/07/23/100837257.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“’The School Girl’ a Hit.” New York Times. May 10, 1903. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/05/10/105052764.pdf
Tatna, Meher. “Forgotten Hollywood: Billie Burke.” Golden Globe Awards. Dec. 18, 2020. https://www.goldenglobes.com/articles/forgotten-hollywood-billie-burke
Walford, Jonathan. “What is a Flapper?” The Fashion History Museum. Aug. 30, 2021. https://www.fashionhistorymuseum.com/post/what-is-a-flapper#:~:text=The%20real%20origin%20of%20the,to%20high%2Dspirited%20teenage%20girls.

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The Hawk’s Nest Tunnel Disaster Aug 21, 2023

The Hawk’s Nest Tunnel Disaster involved thousands of workers being exposed to silica dust, and many continued to get sick and die for years after the tunnel was finished. The project was run with total disregard for workers’ lives and safety.

Research:

Investigation Relating to Health Conditions of Workers Employed in the Construction and Maintenance of Public Utilities : hearings before the United States House Committee on Labor, Seventy-Fourth Congress, second session, on Jan. 16, 17, 20-22, 27-29, Feb. 4, 1936.” https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=OhHRhNWDGi4C&pg=GBS.PA1&hl=en
Cherniack, Martin G. "Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 14 March 2023. Web. 08 August 2023.
Cherniack, Martin. “The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster.” Yale University Press. 1986.
Crandall, William “Rick” and Richard E. Crandall. “Revisiting the Hawks Nest Tunnel Incident: Lessons Learned from an American Tragedy.” Journal of Appalachian Studies , Fall 2002, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall 2002). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41446542
Georgius Agricola “De re metallica.” Translated by Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover. The Mining Magazine. 1912. https://archive.org/details/georgiusagricola00agririch
Harrington, D. and Sara J. Davenport. “Review of the Literature on the Effects of Breathing Dusts, With Special Reference to Silicosis.” United States Bureau of Mines.
House of Representatives Subcommittee Report. “Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the Second Session of the
Jordan, Jennifer. “Hawks’ Nest.” From the West Virginia Historical Society Quarterly, 12:2(April 1998): 1-3. https://archive.wvculture.org/history/wvhs/wvhs122.html
Lancianese, Adelina. “Before Black Lung, The Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster Killed Hundreds.” Weekend Edition Sunday. NPR. 1/20/2019. https://www.npr.org/2019/01/20/685821214/before-black-lung-the-hawks-nest-tunnel-disaster-killed-hundreds
Marcus, Irwin M. “The Tragedy at Gauley Bridge.” Negro History Bulletin , April, 1976, Vol. 39, No. 4 (April, 1976). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44175749
Quail, M. Thomas. “Special Report.” Journal of Environmental Health , January/February 2017, Vol. 79, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26330599
Rosner D, Markowitz G. A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2020 May;110(5):622-628. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305581. Epub 2020 Mar 19. PMID: 32191514; PMCID: PMC7144431.
Rosner, David and Gerald Markowitz. “Workers, Industry, and the Control of Information: Silicosis and the Industrial Hygiene Foundation.” Journal of Public Health Policy. 16, No. 1 (Spring, 1995). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3342976
Rukeyser, Muriel. “The Book of the Dead.” With an introduction by Catherine Venable Moore. West Virginia University press. 2018.
Seventy- Fourth Congress of the United States of America. Vol. 80, pt. 5. Washington: GPO, 1936.” From West Virginia Archives and History. https://archive.wvculture.org/hiStory/disasters/hawksnesttunnel04.html
Spencer, Howard W. “The Historic & Cultural Importance of the Hawks Nest Disaster.” PSJ Professional Safety. February 2023. https://www.assp.org/docs/default-source/psj-articles/vpspencer_0223.pdf?sfvrsn=afa39647_0
Stafnaker, C. Keith. “Hawk’s Nest Tunnel: A Forgotten Tragedy in Safety’s History.” Professional Safety. October 2006.
Wills, Matthew. “Remembering the Disaster at Hawks Nest.” JSTOR Daily. 10/30/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/remembering-the-disaster-at-hawks-nest/

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SYMHC Classics: Endlings Aug 19, 2023

The 2018 episode covers the day the last known Carolina parakeet died at the Cincinnati Zoo, as well as the stories of two other endlings, to see how abundant species can quickly become extinct.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Long Articles and Bubbles Aug 18, 2023

Tracy talks about the lengthy articles in law review journals that she read regarding the Insular Cases. Holly discusses why there are flavored sparkling waters even though that seems counter to the definition.

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Johann Jacob Schweppe and the Rise of Carbonation Aug 16, 2023

The desire to replicate natural effervescence led a lot of people to try to figure out how to carbonate water. But Jacob Schweppe was able to achieve brand recognition and establish a company that has endured despite early setbacks.

Research:

Burros, Marian. “Carbonated Water: More Than a Matter of Taste.” New York Times. April 27, 1983. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/27/garden/carbonated-water-more-than-a-matter-of-taste.html
Donovan, Tristan. “Fizz: How Soda Shook Up the World.” Chicago Review Press. 2013.
Simmons, Douglas A. “Schweppes: The First 200 Years.” Acropolis Books. 1983.
“Joseph Priestley.” Science History Institute Museum and Library. https://www.chemheritage.org/education/scientific-biographies/joseph-priestley/
Laskow, Sarah. “The Great Soda-water Shake Up.” The Atlantic. Oct. 1, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/the-great-soda-water-shake-up/380932/
McCloughlin, Thomas. “Lost and Found: The Nooth Aparatus.” Volume 45, Issues 1–2. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100763
McEvoy, John G.. "Joseph Priestley". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Priestley
Priestley, Joseph. “Directions for impregnating water with fixed air : in order to communicate to it the peculiar spirit and virtues of Pyrmont water, and other mineral waters of a similar nature.” London : Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, in St. Paul's Church-Yard. 1772. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/b30364978/page/10/mode/2up
Schwarcz, Joe, PhD. “The Origins of Soda Water.” McGill Office for Science and Society. May 15, 2018. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/origins-soda-water
Sharp, Ari. “Schweppes Sold for $1.2 bn.” The Sydney Morning Herald. 26, 2008. https://www.smh.com.au/business/schweppes-sold-for-12bn-20081225-7558.html
Zuck, D.”Dr. Nooth and His Apparatus.” British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1978. Vol. 50. https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(17)45198-1/pdf

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The Insular Cases Aug 14, 2023

The Insular Cases are SCOTUS cases regarding rights of people in U.S. territories. They’re considered U.S. citizens from birth, but they don’t have the same constitutional rights or representation as citizens who live in one of the 50 states.

Research:

Armstrong v. United States, 182 U.S. 243 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/243/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sanford Ballard Dole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sanford-Ballard-Dole. Accessed 31 July 2023.
Carstensen, Vernon. “The Constitutional and Territorial Expansion.” https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND88053401/pdf
DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/1/
Dooley v. United States, 182 U.S. 222 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/222/
Dooley v. United States, 183 U.S. 151 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/183/151/
Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/244/
Erman, Sam. “Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905.” Journal of American Ethnic History Summer 2008 Volume 27, Number 4.
Fiol-Matta, Lía. “Future of the Insular Cases.” Latino Justice. https://www.latinojustice.org/en/latinojusticeopina/future-insular-cases
Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U.S. 176 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/183/176/
Gelpí, Gustavo A. “The Insular Cases: A Comparative Historical Study of Puerto Rico, Hawai‘i, and the Philippines.” The Federal Lawyer | March/April 2011.
Gershon, Livia. “The Myth of Manifest Destiny.” JSTOR Daily. 5/5/2021. https://daily.jstor.org/the-myth-of-manifest-destiny/
Goetze v. United States, 182 U.S. 221 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/221/
Howe, Amy. “Court declines to take up petition seeking to overturn Insular Cases.” SCOTUS Blog. 10/17/2022. https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/10/court-declines-to-take-up-petition-seeking-to-overturn-insular-cases/
Huus v. New York & Porto Rico Steamship Co., 182 U.S. 392 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/392/
National Archives. “Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803).” https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/louisiana-purchase-treaty#no-1
Perez, Lisa Maria. “Citizenship Denied: The ‘Insular Cases’ and the Fourteenth Amendment.” Virginia Law Review , Jun., 2008, Vol. 94, No. 4 (Jun., 2008). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25470577
Ponsa-Kraus, Christina. “The Insular Cases Run Amok: Against Constitutional Exceptionalism in the Territories.” Yale Law Journal. Vol. 131, No. 8. June 2022. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/the-insular-cases-run-amok
Sparrow, Bartholomew H. "Insular Cases." Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States, edited by David S. Tanenhaus, vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 476-481. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3241200487/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=91c70605. Accessed 25 July 2023.
Supreme Court of the United States. “UNITED STATES v. VAELLO MADERO.” Argued November 9, 2021—Decided April 21, 2022. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-303_6khn.pdf
Topol, Sarah A., and Glenna Gordon. "The America That Americans Forget." The New York Times Magazine, 9 July 2023, p. 22(L). Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A756508304/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9e9434c8. Accessed 25 July 2023.
Torruella, Juan R. “Ruling America's Colonies: The Insular Cases” Yale Law & Policy Review. 32:57. 2013.
Torruella, Juan R. “The Insular Cases: The Establishment of a Regime of Political Apartheid.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law. Winter 2007. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol29/iss2/1/
S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. “Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations.” https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes
S. State Department Office of the Historian. “Louisiana Purchase, 1803 .” https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/louisiana-purchase.
Wallach, Sherry Levin. “The Insular Cases Must Be Overturned.” Bloomberg Law. 8/3/2022. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/the-insular-cases-must-be-overturned
Yale Law School. “Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; February 2, 1848.” https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/guadhida.asp

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SYMHC Classics: Buddy Bolden and the Birth of Jazz Aug 12, 2023

This 2018 episode covers Buddy Bolden, often referred to as the first jazz performer. But his life story, cluttered by lack of documentation and misinformation, played out tragically after his ascension to the apex of the New Orleans music scene.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Clams and Consternation Aug 11, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about the furor over Ming the clam, and why it's irrational for most people. Tracy continues the discussion of the problems with the sourcing of Anna's story.

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Milk Sickness and the Mystery of Dr. Anna Aug 09, 2023

It took a while to figure out the cause of milk sickness. One woman often gets credit for solving the mystery, but does that story hold up?

Research:

Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois: The Legend of Dr. Anna Bigsby.” The Daily Register. Harrisburg, IL. 1957.
Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois.” Southern Illinois University. 1968.
“Disease in Ohio, Ascribed to Some Deleterious Quality in Milk of Cows.” The Medical Repository May-July 1811: Vol 3.
Daly, Walter J. “’The "Slows’: The Torment of Milk Sickness on the Midwest Frontier. Indiana Magazine of History , MARCH 2006, Vol. 102, No. 1 (MARCH 2006). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27792690
Furbee, Louanna and Dr. Wiliam D. Snively Jr. “Milk Sickness, 1811-1966: A Bibliography.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , July, 1968, Vol. 23, No. 3 (July, 1968). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24621944
Hall, Elihu N. “Anna’s War Against the River Pirates and Cave Bandits of John A. Murrell’s Northern Drive.” Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
Hardin County (Ill.). Historical Committee for the Centennial. “History of Hardin County, Illinois.” 1939. https://archive.org/details/historyofhardinc00hard
Jordan, Philip D. “The Death of Nancy Hanks Lincoln.” Indiana Magazine of History , JUNE, 1944, Vol. 40, No. 2 (JUNE, 1944). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27787425.
Letter, W. D. Snively Jr. to Lowell Dearinger, with correspondence by Norman Ferrell, June 12, 1967. John W. Allen Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
“Lowell A. Dearinger.” https://www.choisser.org/illinois/lowell.html
McCarthy, Will. “How an 1800s Midwife Solved a Poisonous Mystery.” Smithsonian. July/August 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-1800s-midwife-solved-poisionous-mystery-180982343/
Rodman, Adam. “Episode 67: Fever on the Frontier.” Bedside Rounds. Podcast. 3/20/2022. http://bedside-rounds.org/episode-67-fever-on-the-frontier/
A.W. “Reviewed Work: Ballads from the Bluffs by Elihu Nicholas Hall.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984), Vol. 42, No. 1 (Mar., 1949). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188361.
Scientific American. “Milk Sickness—Its Cause and Cure.” 4/17/1858. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/milk-sicknessits-cause-and-cure/
Shawnee Tribe. “History of the People.” https://www.shawnee-nsn.gov/history
Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. “Shawnee Nation Case Study.” https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-six-nations/shawnee/treaty.cshtml
Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Discoverer of the Cause of Milk Sickness.” JAMA. June 20, 1966.
Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Researching a Historical Book.” JAMA. April 7, 1969.
Waggoner, F.R. “Milk Sickness: Its Etiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.” Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal. March 1859.
Walker, J.W. “Milk-Sickness.” Science, Vol. 8, No. 199 (Nov. 26, 1886). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1760447
William I. Christensen. “Milk Sickness: A Review of the Literature.” Economic Botany, vol. 19, no. 3, 1965, pp. 293–300. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4252612. Accessed 19 July 2023.
Wood, Curtis W. “Milk Sickness.” NCPedia. 2006. https://www.ncpedia.org/milk-sickness

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Very Old Animals Aug 07, 2023

These animals have been marking time largely unaware of all the ups and downs and intrigues of humanity. And stories about them often have more to do with the way people perceive them than the animals themselves.

Research:

Butler, Paul G. et al. “Variability of marine climate on the North Icelandic Shelf in a 1357-year proxy archive based on growth increments in the bivalve Arctica islandica.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Volume 373, 2013. Pages 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.016.
Barber, Elizabeth. “Scientists discover world's oldest clam, killing it in the process.” Christian Science Monitor. Nov. 15, 2013. https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/1115/Scientists-discover-world-s-oldest-clam-killing-it-in-the-process
Binns, Daniel. “Blungling Scientists Kill World’s Oldest Creature – a Clam – After 507 Years in Sea.” Metro UK. Nov. 13, 2013. https://metro.co.uk/2013/11/13/bungling-scientists-kill-worlds-oldest-creature-a-clam-after-507-years-in-sea-4185580/
Brix, Lise. “New record: World’s oldest animal is 507 years old.” Science Nordic. Nov. 6, 2013. https://sciencenordic.com/ageing-denmark-geochemistry/new-record-worlds-oldest-animal-is-507-years-old/1392743
Free, Cathy. “The world’s oldest living land animal? At age 190, it’s Jonathan the tortoise.” The Washington Post. January 30, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/01/31/oldest-animal-tortoise-jonathan-/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/01/31/oldest-animal-tortoise-jonathan-/
“Daughter Scotches Churchill Parrot Claim.” BBC. Jan. 21, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/3417353.stm
Elliot, Danielle. “Ming the Clam, World’s Oldest Animal, Was Actually 507 Years Old.” CBS News. Nov. 14, 2013. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ming-the-clam-worlds-oldest-animal-was-actually-507-years-old/
Farrar, Steve. “Ming the Mollusk Holds Secret to Long Life.” The Times. October 28, 2007. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ming-the-mollusc-holds-secret-to-long-life-mfcvbtxl6gr
Gamillo, Elizabeth. “At 190, Jonathan the Tortoise Is the World’s Oldest. Smithsonian. Feb. 4, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/at-190-jonathan-the-tortoise-is-the-worlds-oldest-living-land-animal-180979514/
Holmes, Anna. “Meet Ming the Clam – the Oldest Animal in the World!” Amgueddfa Blog. Feb. 11, 2020. https://museum.wales/blog/2122/Meet-Ming-the-clam---the-oldest-animal-in-the-world/#:~:text=At%20507%20years%20the%20Ocean,together%20as%20a%20collective%20form.· “In A Flap Over 'Churchill's' Old Bird.” SkyNews. Jan. 20, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20091204165346/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641119993
Kolirin, Lianne. “Meet 190-year-old Jonathan, the world’s oldest-ever tortoise.” CNN. Jan. 26, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/oldest-tortoise-jonathan-scli-intl-scn/index.html
“Historic Tortoise.” The Jersey Journal. June 28, 1968. https://www.newspapers.com/image/908625184/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1
“How are seashells made?” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/did-you-know/how-are-seashells-made
“Jonathan at 140 Looks to the Future.” The Kansas City Times. Aug. 20, 1969. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675666450/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1
Lyall, Sarah. “Reigate Journal; Parrot May Have Been Churchill's, but She's Not Saying.” New York Times. March 9, 2004. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/09/world/reigate-journal-parrot-may-have-been-churchill-s-but-she-s-not-saying.html
Madden, Chris. “Having a chat with Churchill's parrot and - at 114-years-old - one of Reigate's oldest residents.” Surrey Live. Aug. 26, 2014. https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/local-news/having-chat-churchills-parrot-114-13642592
Triesman, Rachel. “Jonathan, the world’s oldest tortoise, marks his 190th with fanfare and salad cake.” NPR. Dec. 7, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141180557/jonathan-tortoise-birthday-190
“Unique Distinction.” The Daily Times. Nov. 18, 1947. https://www.newspapers.com/image/303381370/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1
“Jonathan’s 190th” St. Helena Tourism. https://www.sthelenatourism.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jonathan-turns-190.pdf
Larson, Samantha. “Oldest Clam Consternation Overblown.” National Geographic. Nov. 17, 2013. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/131116-oldest-clam-dead-ming-science-ocean-507?loggedin=true&rnd=1690833236811
“Ming the clam is oldest mollusc.” BBC. Oct. 28, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7066389.stm
Morelle, Rebecca. “Clam-gate: The Epic Saga of Ming.” BBC. Nov. 14, 2013. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24946983
Wallenfeldt, Jeff. “History of Saint Helena.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Helena-island-South-Atlantic-Ocean/History
“RIP Ming the Clam.” The Daily Telegraph.” October 29, 2007. https://www.newspapers.com/image/753409282/?terms=ming%20quahog&match=1
Roach, John. “405-year-old Clam Called Longest-lived Animal.” National Geographic. October 29, 2007. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/405-year-old-clam-called-longest-lived-animal
“Winston’s Obscene Parrot Lives On.” BBC. Jan. 19, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3410893.stm

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SYMHC Classics: Transatlantic Telegraph Cable Aug 05, 2023

This 2016 episode touches on the establishment of a submarine telegraph cable to connect North America and Europe. It took ingenuity, but more than anything else, it required tenacity.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Running and Sargents Aug 04, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about how the 1904 marathoners were abused by race organizers, and discuss lighter stories related to one of the runners. Tracy discusses John Singer Sargent's childhood drawings.

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Two Sargents: Judith and Emily Aug 02, 2023

This episode is about two women related to John Singer Sargent: Judith Sargent Murray was a writer and an advocate for women’s rights. Emily Sargent was a prolific artist whose work was largely thought to be lost.

Research:

Cape Ann Slavery & Abolition. “Enslaved persons of record on Cape Ann.” https://capeannslavery.org/enslaved-persons-of-record-on-cape-ann/#
Cascone, Sarah. “Emily Sargent, Not Just a Sister to John, Was a Serious Painter in Her Own Right. Her Watercolor Landscapes are Finally Entering Museums—and the Spotlight.” Artnet. 2/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/emily-sargent-2215370
Charteris, Evan. “John Sargent.” New York : C. Scribner's sons. 1927.
Colby, Vineta. “Vernon Lee: A Literary Biography.” University of Virginia Press. 2003.
Harris, Sharon M. “Judith Sargent Murray (1751–1820).” Legacy , 1994, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1994). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25679133
Laidler, John. “It’s Emily Sargent’s time for a showcase.” Boston Globe. 5/12/2022. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/05/12/metro/its-emily-sargents-time-showcase/
McCarthy, Gail. “Sargent watercolors coming to Gloucester.” Gloucester Daily Times. 5/6/2022. https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/sargent-watercolors-coming-to-gloucester/article_2dd8d922-cc8e-11ec-8187-e763043a7f1f.html
Michals, Debra. “Judith Sargent Murray.” National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/judith-sargent-murray
"Murray, Judith Sargent." Shaping of America, 1783-1815 Reference Library, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, et al., vol. 3: Biographies Volume 2, UXL, 2006, pp. 393-400. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3450900081/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c058aad0. Accessed 10 July 2023.
Murray, Judith Sargent. “On the Equality of Sexes (Part 1). ” The Massachusetts Magazine, Or, Monthly Museum 1790-03: Vol 2, Issue 3.
Murray, Judith Sargent. “On the Equality of Sexes (Part 2). ” The Massachusetts Magazine, Or, Monthly Museum 1790-03: Vol 2, Issue 4.
New England Historical Society. “Judith Sargent Murray, The Forgotten Revolutionary.” https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/judith-sargent-murray-2/
Public Domain Review. “Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes (1790).” https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/equality-of-the-sexes
Ruiz, Paloma. “Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes (1790).” Public Domain Review. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/equality-of-the-sexes
Skemp, Sheila L. “First Lady of Letters: Judith Sargent Murray and the Struggle for Female Independence.” University of Pennsylvania Press. 2009.
Skemp, Sheila L. “Judith Sargent Murray : a brief biography with documents.” Boston : Bedford Books. 1998.
Skemp, Sheila L. “The Pioneer in Women's Rights Who Was on the Wrong Side of History.” History News Network. http://hnn.us/articles/86355.html
“A Will of Their Own: Judith Sargent Murray and Women of Achievement in the Early Republic.” https://npg.si.edu/exhibit/murray/#1

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1904 Olympic Marathon Jul 31, 2023

In 1904, the U.S. hosted its first Olympics. It had a host of problems. But the event that was the most dangerous for athletes was the marathon.

Research:

Abbott, Karen. “The 1904 Olympic Marathon May Have Been the Strangest Ever.” Smithsonian. Aug. 7, 2012. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-1904-olympic-marathon-may-have-been-the-strangest-ever-14910747/
“Amateur Athletic Union Suspends Member for Life.” The Brunswick News. Sept. 4, 1904. https://www.newspapers.com/image/897913415/?terms=%22fred%20lorz%22%20&match=1
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Russo-Japanese War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Japanese-War
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/St-Louis-1904-Olympic-Games
“Cuban Marathon Runner Carvajal Comes to Life.” The Evening World. April 11, 1907. https://www.newspapers.com/image/85305956/
“Felix Carvajal.” Olympics.com. https://olympics.com/en/athletes/felix-carvajal
Lawrence, Andrew. “Think the Tokyo Olympics are a bad idea? St Louis 1904 set the bar high.” The Guardian. July 13, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/13/st-louis-olympics-1904-tokyo-flawed-games
Longman, Jerry. “The Marathon’s Random Route to Its Length.” New York Times. April 20, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/21/sports/the-marathons-accidental-route-to-26-miles-385-yards.html?_r=0
Lucas, Charles J. P. “The Olympic Games 1904.” Woodward & Tiernan. 1905. Accessed online: https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/29697/the-olympic-games-1904-by-charles-j-p-lucas?_lg=en-GB
“Olympic Games at St. Louis.” Weekly Democrat-News. Feb. 28, 1903. https://www.newspapers.com/image/954304418/?terms=olympic&match=1
Rodrigues, Ashwin. “The Unbelievable True Story of the Craziest Olympic Marathon.” Runners World. Aug. 6, 2021. https://www.runnersworld.com/runners-stories/a37039437/1904-olympic-marathon/
“William Garcia.” Olympics.com. https://olympics.com/en/athletes/william-garcia

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SYMHC Classics: Annette Kellerman Jul 29, 2023

This 2017 episode covers Annette Kellerman, who gets a lot of the credit for developing the women's one-piece bathing suit. But she was also a competitive swimmer, as well as a vaudeville and film star who designed her own mermaid costumes.

Annette Kellerman collection at the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences https://collection.maas.museum/search?q=Annette_Kellerman+Costume

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Money, Power and Staying Positive Jul 28, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about how depressing it can be to look into the history of money and politics, but how important it is to know how it all works.

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Campaign Finance in U.S. History, Part 2 Jul 26, 2023

The second part of our campaign finance history starts with both a scandal and reform linked to Theodore Roosevelt, and carries through to more recent Supreme Court rulings.

Research:

Bedard, Paul. “George Washington Plied Voters with Booze.” USNews and World Report. Nov. 8, 2011. https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2011/11/08/george-washington-plied-voters-with-booze
Blakemore, Erin. “Elections in Colonial America Were Huge, Booze-Fueled Parties.” History.com. Nov. 25, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/colonial-america-election-day-parties
R. Brunson, “Swartwout, Samuel,” Texas State Historical Association. Handbook of Texas Online. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/swartwout-samuel.
“Buckley v. Valeo.” Federal Election Commission. https://www.fec.gov/legal-resources/court-cases/buckley-v-valeo
“Court Decision Stirs Up Fuss.” The Spokesman Review. April 4, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/569336879/?terms=Lonnie%20E.%20Smith%20&match=1
“Did You Know... Samuel Swartwout Skimmed Staggering Sums?” U.S. Customs and Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/about/history/did-you-know/samuel-swartwout
Dunbar, John. “A Modern history of campaign finance: from Watergate to ‘Citizens United.’” The Center for Public Integrity. Nov. 15, 2017. https://publicintegrity.org/politics/a-modern-history-of-campaign-finance-from-watergate-to-citizens-united/
“Appendix 4 -- The Federal Election Campaign Laws:A Short History.” FEC. https://transition.fec.gov/info/appfour.htm#anchor616480
Encyclopedia of Detroit. “NEWBERRY, TRUMAN HANDY.” https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/newberry-truman-handy
Fair Political Practices Commission. “Use of Campaign Funds.” Campaign Manual. June 2020. https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Campaign%20Manuals/Manual_4/Manual_4_Ch_7_Use_of_Campaign_Funds.pdf
Fuller, Jame. “From George Washington to Shaun McCutcheon: A brief-ish history of campaign finance reform.” The Washington Post. April 3, 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/04/03/a-history-of-campaign-finance-reform-from-george-washington-to-shaun-mccutcheon/
Supreme Court of the United States. “Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.” October 2009. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4163268-Citizens-United-v-FEC-Decision.html
“Washington City, May 19, 1840.” The Baltimore Sun. May 21, 1840. https://www.newspapers.com/image/364961740/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
Grizzard, Frank E. “George Washington: A Biographical Companion.” ABC-CLIO 2022.
Hinnershitz, Stephanie, PhD. “The Smith–Connally Act and Labor Battles on the Home Front.” The National WWII Museum. June 22, 2023. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/smith-connally-act-and-labor-battles-home-front
“House of Burgesses.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/house-of-burgesses/
Lau, Tim. “Citizens United Explained.” Brennan Center for Justice. Dec. 12, 2019. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/citizens-united-explained
“McConnell v. FEC.” Federal Election Commission United States of America. https://www.fec.gov/legal-resources/court-cases/mcconnell-v-fec/
“Mark Hanna and the 1896 Election.” United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Hanna_1896Election.htm#:~:text=At%20age%2015%20he%20moved,coal%2C%20iron%2C%20and%20steel.
“Money-in-politics Timeline.” Open Secrets. https://www.opensecrets.org/resources/learn/timeline
“Mr. Crittenden’s Speech.” Hartfor Courant. Feb. 14, 1839. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369520711/?terms=%22crittenden%22&match=1
Mutch, R. (2002). “The First Federal Campaign Finance Bills.” Journal of Policy History,14(1), 30-48. doi:10.1353/jph.2002.0004
Lewis, Charles. “Was campaign finance an issue in George Washington’s day?” Investigative Reporting Workshop. Sept. 27, 2021. https://investigativereportingworkshop.org/news/was-campaign-finance-an-issue-in-george-washingtons-day/
“Louisville.” The Courier-Journal. Feb. 4, 1837. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118738402/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
“Mr. Bell’s Bill … “ The Natchez Weekly Courier. June 10, 1840. https://www.newspapers.com/image/248855111/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
“Naval Appropriation Bill.” The Buffalo Commercial. April 14, 1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/282153733/?terms=%22Naval%20Appropriations%20Bill%22%20&match=1
"NEWBERRY, Truman Handy." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000062
“Pendleton Act (1883).” National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/pendleton-act#:~:text=The%20Pendleton%20Act%20provided%20that,were%20covered%20by%20the%20law.
Perlstein, Rick. "Watergate scandal". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
Roosevelt, Franklin D. “Veto of the Smith-Connally Bill.” June 25, 1943. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/veto-the-smith-connally-bill
Roosevelt, Theodore. “December 5, 1905: Fifth Annual Message.” UVA – Miller Center. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-5-1905-fifth-annual-message
Scott, Kyle, and Matthew A. Kern. “Buckley v. Valeo (1976).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/126/buckley-v-valeo
“The Election Case of Truman H. Newberry of Michigan (1922).” United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/electing-appointing-senators/contested-senate-elections/102Ford_Newberry.htm
“Naval Appropriation Bill.” The Philadelphia Inquirer. April 14, 1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/168100996/?terms=%22Naval%20Appropriations%20Bill%22%20&match=1
Terry, Stephen C. “Major Election Reform Legislation Quietly Approved by Senate.” The Times Argus. March 24, 1976. https://www.newspapers.com/image/657291645/?terms=buckley%20valeo&match=1
“Tursts for Roosevelt.” Freeport Bulletin. Oct. 20, 1904. https://www.newspapers.com/image/762693183/?terms=insurance%20roosevelt&match=1
Thompson, Mary V. “Beer.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/beer/#note3
United States. “Defalcations. Reports of majority and minority ... Report of the Committee of Investigation on the subject of the defalcations of Samuel Swartwout and others : ... also the report of the minority of the Committee.” Thomas Allen. 1839. Accessed online: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007704602
United States Senate. “Presidential Election Campaign Fund of 1966.” https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/SPrt301.pdf
Victor, Jennifer Nicoll, Phd. “History of Financing of Federal Campaigns in the US.” Wondrium Daily. July 25, 2021. https://www.wondriumdaily.com/history-of-financing-of-federal-campaigns-in-the-us/
Woodward, Bob and Brian Duffy. “Chinese Embassy Role in Contributions Probed.” Washington Post. Feb. 13, 1997. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm

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Campaign Finance in U.S. History, Part 1 Jul 24, 2023

Part one of our discussion of U.S. campaign financing starts before the colonies had gained their independence and covers some of the earliest ways that money was collected for political parties.

That book title we were after during the episode was "A Children's Illustrated History of Presidential Assassination," by Bryan Young.

Research:

Bedard, Paul. “George Washington Plied Voters with Booze.” USNews and World Report. Nov. 8, 2011. https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2011/11/08/george-washington-plied-voters-with-booze
Blakemore, Erin. “Elections in Colonial America Were Huge, Booze-Fueled Parties.” History.com. Nov. 25, 2019. https://www.history.com/news/colonial-america-election-day-parties
R. Brunson, “Swartwout, Samuel,” Texas State Historical Association. Handbook of Texas Online. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/swartwout-samuel.
“Buckley v. Valeo.” Federal Election Commission. https://www.fec.gov/legal-resources/court-cases/buckley-v-valeo
“Court Decision Stirs Up Fuss.” The Spokesman Review. April 4, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/569336879/?terms=Lonnie%20E.%20Smith%20&match=1
“Did You Know... Samuel Swartwout Skimmed Staggering Sums?” U.S. Customs and Border Protection. https://www.cbp.gov/about/history/did-you-know/samuel-swartwout
Dunbar, John. “A Modern history of campaign finance: from Watergate to ‘Citizens United.’” The Center for Public Integrity. Nov. 15, 2017. https://publicintegrity.org/politics/a-modern-history-of-campaign-finance-from-watergate-to-citizens-united/
“Appendix 4 -- The Federal Election Campaign Laws:A Short History.” FEC. https://transition.fec.gov/info/appfour.htm#anchor616480
Encyclopedia of Detroit. “NEWBERRY, TRUMAN HANDY.” https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/newberry-truman-handy
Fair Political Practices Commission. “Use of Campaign Funds.” Campaign Manual. June 2020. https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Campaign%20Manuals/Manual_4/Manual_4_Ch_7_Use_of_Campaign_Funds.pdf
Fuller, Jame. “From George Washington to Shaun McCutcheon: A brief-ish history of campaign finance reform.” The Washington Post. April 3, 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/04/03/a-history-of-campaign-finance-reform-from-george-washington-to-shaun-mccutcheon/
Supreme Court of the United States. “Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.” October 2009. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4163268-Citizens-United-v-FEC-Decision.html
“Washington City, May 19, 1840.” The Baltimore Sun. May 21, 1840. https://www.newspapers.com/image/364961740/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
Grizzard, Frank E. “George Washington: A Biographical Companion.” ABC-CLIO 2022.
Hinnershitz, Stephanie, PhD. “The Smith–Connally Act and Labor Battles on the Home Front.” The National WWII Museum. June 22, 2023. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/smith-connally-act-and-labor-battles-home-front
“House of Burgesses.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/house-of-burgesses/
Lau, Tim. “Citizens United Explained.” Brennan Center for Justice. Dec. 12, 2019. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/citizens-united-explained
“McConnell v. FEC.” Federal Election Commission United States of America. https://www.fec.gov/legal-resources/court-cases/mcconnell-v-fec/
“Mark Hanna and the 1896 Election.” United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Hanna_1896Election.htm#:~:text=At%20age%2015%20he%20moved,coal%2C%20iron%2C%20and%20steel.
“Money-in-politics Timeline.” Open Secrets. https://www.opensecrets.org/resources/learn/timeline
“Mr. Crittenden’s Speech.” Hartfor Courant. Feb. 14, 1839. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369520711/?terms=%22crittenden%22&match=1
Mutch, R. (2002). “The First Federal Campaign Finance Bills.” Journal of Policy History,14(1), 30-48. doi:10.1353/jph.2002.0004
Lewis, Charles. “Was campaign finance an issue in George Washington’s day?” Investigative Reporting Workshop. Sept. 27, 2021. https://investigativereportingworkshop.org/news/was-campaign-finance-an-issue-in-george-washingtons-day/
“Louisville.” The Courier-Journal. Feb. 4, 1837. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118738402/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
“Mr. Bell’s Bill … “ The Natchez Weekly Courier. June 10, 1840. https://www.newspapers.com/image/248855111/?terms=%22bill%20to%20secure%20the%20freedom%20of%20elections%22&match=1
“Naval Appropriation Bill.” The Buffalo Commercial. April 14, 1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/282153733/?terms=%22Naval%20Appropriations%20Bill%22%20&match=1
"NEWBERRY, Truman Handy." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000062
“Pendleton Act (1883).” National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/pendleton-act#:~:text=The%20Pendleton%20Act%20provided%20that,were%20covered%20by%20the%20law.
Perlstein, Rick. "Watergate scandal". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
Roosevelt, Franklin D. “Veto of the Smith-Connally Bill.” June 25, 1943. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/veto-the-smith-connally-bill
Roosevelt, Theodore. “December 5, 1905: Fifth Annual Message.” UVA – Miller Center. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/december-5-1905-fifth-annual-message
Scott, Kyle, and Matthew A. Kern. “Buckley v. Valeo (1976).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/126/buckley-v-valeo
“The Election Case of Truman H. Newberry of Michigan (1922).” United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/about/origins-foundations/electing-appointing-senators/contested-senate-elections/102Ford_Newberry.htm
“Naval Appropriation Bill.” The Philadelphia Inquirer. April 14, 1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/168100996/?terms=%22Naval%20Appropriations%20Bill%22%20&match=1
Terry, Stephen C. “Major Election Reform Legislation Quietly Approved by Senate.” The Times Argus. March 24, 1976. https://www.newspapers.com/image/657291645/?terms=buckley%20valeo&match=1
“Tursts for Roosevelt.” Freeport Bulletin. Oct. 20, 1904. https://www.newspapers.com/image/762693183/?terms=insurance%20roosevelt&match=1
Thompson, Mary V. “Beer.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/beer/#note3
United States. “Defalcations. Reports of majority and minority ... Report of the Committee of Investigation on the subject of the defalcations of Samuel Swartwout and others : ... also the report of the minority of the Committee.” Thomas Allen. 1839. Accessed online: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007704602
United States Senate. “Presidential Election Campaign Fund of 1966.” https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/SPrt301.pdf
Victor, Jennifer Nicoll, Phd. “History of Financing of Federal Campaigns in the US.” Wondrium Daily. July 25, 2021. https://www.wondriumdaily.com/history-of-financing-of-federal-campaigns-in-the-us/
Woodward, Bob and Brian Duffy. “Chinese Embassy Role in Contributions Probed.” Washington Post. Feb. 13, 1997. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/china1.htm

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SYMHC Classics: The Wreck of the Batavia Jul 22, 2023

This 2014 episode - originally a two-parter - covers a perfect storm of nautical carnage: There's a shipwreck, a mutiny and a massacre.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: So Much Roman Stuff Jul 21, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about when children find historically significant items. Tracy also reads the long list of Roman items that came up in preparation for this edition of Unearthed!

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Unearthed! Summer 2023, Part 2 Jul 19, 2023

Part two of the summer 2023 unearthed finds includes the potpourri/hodgepodge category, as well as medical stuff, climate, repatriations, books and letters, religious artwork, weapons and tools, and birds.

Research:

“Archaeologists unearth 4,000-year-old ‘Stonehenge of the Netherlands’.” The Guardian. 6/21/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/21/archaeologists-unearth-stonehenge-netherlands
Alberge, Dalya. “’ Startling’ new evidence reveals gladiators fought in Roman Britain.” The Guardian. 3/4/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/04/evidence-reveals-gladiators-fought-in-roman-britain
Anderson, Abigail et al. “The Myth of Man the Hunter: Women’s contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts.” PLOS One. 6/28/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287101
“Norse Greenlanders found to have imported timber from North America.” Phys.org. 4/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-norse-greenlanders-imported-timber-north.html
“Olmec Sculpture Will Return to Mexico.” 4/4/2023. https://www.archaeology.org/news/11325-230404-mexico-repatriation-olmec
ArtNet News. “A Roman-Era Vase, Once Considered a Cremation Vessel, Turns Out to Be an Early Form of Sports Memorabilia for a Gladiator Fan.” 4/13/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/colchester-vase-sports-memorabilia-2270088
Artnet News. “A Woman Bought Four Ceramic Plates at a Salvation Army for $8. They Turned Out to Be Original Picassos and Worth Over $40,000.” 5/17/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/salvation-army-picasso-plates-2303661
Associated Press. “A Hebrew Bible that is 1,100 years old sells for $38 million at an auction.” 5/18/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/05/18/1176805209/a-hebrew-bible-that-is-1-100-years-old-sells-for-38-million-at-an-auction
Associated Press. “Italy returns ancient stele, illegally exported, to Turkey.” 4/28/2023. https://apnews.com/article/italy-turkey-archaeology-stele-ancient-greece-6fd526892963aa5b0e240289c4d222f7
Benzine, Vittoria. “An 8-Year-Old Schoolgirl Found a Rare Stone-Age Dagger on a Playground in Norway.” Artnet. 5/17/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/an-8-year-old-schoolgirl-found-a-rare-stone-age-dagger-on-a-playground-in-norway-2302958
Blondel, Francois et al. “Mummy Labels: A Witness to the Use and Processing of Wood in Roman Egypt.” International Journal of Wood Culture. https://brill.com/view/journals/ijwc/3/1-3/article-p192_10.xml
Borreggine, Marisa, Sea-level rise in Southwest Greenland as a contributor to Viking abandonment, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2023). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209615120.
Brockell, Gillian. “MLK’s Famous Criticism of Malcolm X was a ‘Fraud’, Author Finds.” 5/10/2023. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/05/10/mlk-malcolm-x-playboy-alex-haley/
Chow, Vivienne. “Nigeria Has Transferred Ownership of the Benin Bronzes to Its Royal Leader, Creating a ‘Better Environment’ for Future Restitution.” Artnet. 4/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/benin-bronze-oba-ownership-2291586
Chun, Alex. “Bought for $6,000, Grime-Covered Windows Are Actually Tiffany—and Worth Up to $250,000 Each.” Smithsonian. 5/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tiffany-glass-windows-philadelphia-180982193/
Dafoe, Taylor. “An Ancient Roman Bust Purchased for $35 at a Texas Thrift Store Is Now Being Repatriated to Germany.” Artnet. 4/18/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-roman-bust-texas-goodwill-repatriation-germany-2287242
Dafoe, Taylor. “Austria Will Return Two Small Parthenon Marbles to Greece. Officials Hope the Move Will Encourage Britain to Follow Suit.” Artnet. 5/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/austria-reptriates-two-small-parthenon-marbles-to-greece-2294596
Dafoe, Taylor. “Japan Has Repatriated a Nazi-Looted Baroque Painting to Poland After Authorities Yanked It From a Tokyo Auction Block.” 6/2/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/japan-repatriated-looted-baroque-painting-poland-2313856
Dafoe, Taylor. “Stolen Ancient Tomb Carvings Sat in Storage at the Met Museum for Decades. Now, They’ve Been Returned to China.” Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-ancient-tomb-carvings-storage-met-repatriated-2299182
Dzirutwe, Macdonald. “Return of Benin Bronzes delayed after Nigerian president's decree.” Reuters. 5/10/2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/return-benin-bronzes-delayed-after-nigerian-presidents-decree-2023-05-10/
Fine Books & Collections. “Thomas Cromwell’s Holbein Portrait Book of Hours Discovered.” 6/8/2023. https://www.finebooksmagazine.com/fine-books-news/thomas-cromwells-holbein-portrait-book-hours-discovered
Foody, Kathleen. “Michigan researchers find 1914 shipwrecks in Lake Superior.” Associated Press. 4/12/2023. https://apnews.com/article/lake-superior-shipwrecks-1914-2e0b4a2a8b5c2ebae589c964cadfe7c9
Global Times. “2,000-year-old traditional rice dumpling Zongzi unearthed in C.China’s Henan, being oldest excavated.” 6/24/2023. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202306/1293063.shtml
“Medieval cannon turns up in garden rockery – and it could blow up bidding at auction.” 6/13/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/medieval-cannon-turns-up-in-garden-rockery-and-it-could-blow-up-bidding-at-auction/
Heritage Daily. “Etruscan Tomb Discovered in Ruins of Ancient Vulci.” https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/04/etruscan-tomb-discovered-in-ruins-of-ancient-vulci/146815
Higgins, Charlotte. “Lavish ancient Roman winery found at ruins of Villa of the Quintilii near Rome.” The Guardian. 4/17/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/ancient-roman-winery-found-ruins-villa-of-quintilii-rome
Hokkaido University. “Chicken breeding in Japan dates back to fourth century BCE.” Phys.org. 4/20/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-chicken-japan-dates-fourth-century.html
Jarus, Owen. “1st-century Buddha statue from ancient Egypt indicates Buddhists lived there in Roman times.” Live Science. 5/2/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-egyptians/1st-century-buddha-statue-from-ancient-egypt-indicates-buddhists-lived-there-in-roman-times
Kent State University. “Despite the dangers, early humans risked life-threatening flintknapping injuries.” Phys.org. 5/25/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-dangers-early-humans-life-threatening-flintknapping.html
Killgrove, Kristina. “Ancient 'urine flasks' for smelling (and tasting) pee uncovered in trash dump at Caesar's forum in Rome.” LiveScience. 5/1/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/ancient-urine-flasks-for-smelling-and-tasting-pee-uncovered-in-trash-dump-at-caesars-forum-in-rome
Kuta, Sarah. “Ancient DNA Reveals Who Wore This 20,000-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian Magazine. 5/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-pendant-new-research-180982129/
Kuta, Sarah. “Divers Are About to Pull a 3,000-Year-Old Shipwreck From the Depths.” 6/16/2013. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/handsewn-shipwreck-recovered-180982389/
Kuta, Sarah. “Lost for 50 Years, Mysterious Australian Shipwreck Has Finally Been Found.” Smithsonian. 5/31/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blythe-star-shipwreck-found-180982269/
Kuta, Sarah. “Searchers Find WWII Ship That Sank With More Than 1,000 Allied POWs Aboard.” Smithsonian. 4/26/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/searchers-find-ss-montevideo-maru-180982053/
Langley, Michelle. “Who owned this Stone Age jewellery? New forensic tools offer an unprecedented answer.” Phys.org. 5/6/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-stone-age-jewellery-forensic-tools.html
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A BBC True Crime Podcast Is Asking Museums for Help Locating a Murder Victim’s Remains to Solve a Cold Case.” Artnet. 5/4/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/true-crime-podcasters-invite-museums-solve-cold-case-2295029
Luzer, Daniel. “German researchers figure out how lager first developed in Bavaria.” EurekAlert. 4/27/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987496
Manhattan District Attorney. “D.A. Bragg Announces Three Antiquities Repatriated to Yemen.” 4/28/2023. https://manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-announces-three-antiquities-repatriated-to-yemen/
Martin, Samantha. “New insight into the mystery of ancient Gaza wine.”EurekAlert. 4/26/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987388
McCaffrey, Kate. “A Book Fit for Two Queens.” The Morgan Library & Musuem. 5/28/2021. https://www.themorgan.org/blog/book-fit-two-queens
Metcalfe, Tom. “1,000-year-old wall in Peru was built to protect against El Niño floods, research suggests.” LiveScience. 6/26/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1000-year-old-wall-in-peru-was-built-to-protect-against-el-nino-floods-research-suggests
Metcalfe, Tom. “2,300-year-old Buddhist elephant statue from India is one of the oldest known.” LiveScience. 6/6/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2300-year-old-buddhist-elephant-statue-from-india-is-one-of-the-oldest-known
Metcalfe, Tom. “Ancient Romans sacrificed birds to the goddess Isis, burnt bones in Pompeii reveal.” LiveScience. 5/16/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/ancient-romans-sacrificed-birds-to-the-goddess-isis-burnt-bones-in-pompeii-reveal
Metcalfe, Tom. “Top-secret special-ops submarine from World War II discovered after 20-year search.” LiveScience. 6/13/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/top-secret-special-ops-submarine-from-world-war-ii-discovered-after-20-year-search
Mexico News Daily. “Rare statue of Mayan god K’awiil discovered on Maya Train route.” 4/28/2023. https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/rare-statue-mayan-god-kawiil-found-maya-train/
Moon, Katherine L. et al. “Comparative genomics of Balto, a famous historic dog, captures lost diversity of 1920s sled dogs.” Science. 4/28/2023. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn5887?adobe_mc=MCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1682688995
Nalewicki, Jennifer. “12,000-year-old flutes carved of bone are some of the oldest in the world and sound like birds of prey.” Live Science. June 9, 2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/12000-year-old-flutes-carved-of-bone-are-some-of-the-oldest-in-the-world-and-sound-like-birds-of-prey
National Park Service. “National Park archeologists find remains of an underwater hospital and cemetery at Dry Tortugas.” 5/1/2023. https://www.nps.gov/drto/learn/news/underwater-hospital-and-cemetery.htm
Niazi, Asaad and Guillaume Decamme. “Iraq's ancient treasures sand-blasted by climate change.” 4/16/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-iraq-ancient-treasures-sand-blasted-climate.html
Niccum, Jon. “Puzzling rings may be finger loops from prehistoric weapon systems, research finds.” Phys.org. 5/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-puzzling-finger-loops-prehistoric-weapon.html
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Archaeologists Find 3,000-Year-Old Sword So Well Preserved It ‘Almost Still Shines’.” Smithsonian. 6/21/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-sword-germany-180982399/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Germany Returns Sacred Wooden Masks to Colombia.” 6/23/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/germany-sacred-masks-colombia-180982419/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Small Dog Wearing Red Bow Found Hidden in Picasso Painting.” Smithsonian. 5/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/picasso-small-dog-discovered-180982198/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Van Gogh Painting Gets a New Name Thanks to an Eagle-Eyed Chef.” Smithsonian. 5/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/van-gogh-red-cabbages-onions-garlic-180982155/
Parker, Christopher. “Buckingham Palace Refuses to Repatriate Remains of Ethiopian Prince.” Smithsonian. 5/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/prince-dejatch-alemayehu-ethiopia-england-repatriation-180982239/
Parker, Christopher. “Eight-Year-Old Norwegian Girl Discovers Neolithic Dagger at School Playground.” Smithsonian. 5/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-schoolgirl-in-norway-found-a-3700-year-old-dagger-buried-at-her-schoo-180982163/
Paterson, Alistair et al. “The Unlucky Voyage: Batavia’s (1629) Landscape of Survival on the Houtman Abrolhos Islands in Western Australia.” Historical Archaeology. 5/4/2023. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41636-023-00396-1
Platt, Tevah. “Digesta: An overlooked source of Ice Age carbs.” University of Michigan. 4/24/2023. https://news.umich.edu/digesta-an-overlooked-source-of-ice-age-carbs/
Py-Lieberman, Beth. “The Smithsonian’s Historic Carousel Undergoes Restoration.” Smithsonian. 5/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/smithsonian-historic-carousel-undergoes-restoration-14274606/
“Spain to begin exhumation of 128 Civil War victims from burial complex, el Pais reports.” 6/11/2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spain-begin-exhumation-128-civil-war-victims-burial-complex-media-2023-06-11/
Shahar, Noga. “Genetic link between two modern varieties of red and white grapes and grape varieties cultivated over 1100 years ago.” EurekAlert. 5/3/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/988090
Skowronek, Tobias B. et al. “German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade.” PLOS One. 4/5/2013. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415
Solon, Zach. “Ancient Native American canoe brought to surface from beneath Lake Waccamaw.” WECT. 4/12/2023. https://www.wect.com/2023/04/12/ancient-native-american-canoe-brought-surface-beneath-lake-waccamaw/?fbclid=IwAR0dMNcSQQPDCdKMbM-VHU6HIxEraYZLX0yqGkWHeOlEhvtz0Bpq4DwYnl0
Sullivan, Will. “Humans May Have Eaten Giant Snails 170,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 4/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/humans-may-have-eaten-giant-snails-170000-years-ago-180981929/
Swiss National Science Foundation. “Mummies provide the key to reconstruct the climate of the ancient Mediterranean.” Phys.org. 4/4/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-mummies-key-reconstruct-climate-ancient.html
Szotek, Andrzej. “New discoveries in Old Dongola. Protection for Tungul: new, unique wall paintings discovered in Old Dongola, Sudan.” University of Warsaw. 4/5/2023. https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/2023/04/05/new-discoveries-in-old-dongola-protection-for-tungul-new-unique-wall-paintings-discovered-in-old-dongola-sudan/
The History Blog. “1,000-year-old Native American canoe raised.” 4/19/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67045
The History Blog. “1st c. surgeon buried with his tools found in Hungary.” 4/27/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67108
The History Blog. “Intact Etruscan tomb with last meal found in Vulci.” 4/8/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66946
The History Blog. “Ming Dynasty shipwrecks laden with porcelain, wood found in South China Sea.” 5/24/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67334
The History Blog. “Neolithic ritual axe with tiger engraving found in China.” Via JSTOR. 4/5/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66918
“The National Museum of Denmark to Donate Rare Feather Cape to Brazil.” 6/27/2023. https://via.ritzau.dk/pressemeddelelse/the-national-museum-of-denmark-to-donate-rare-feather-cape-to-brazil?publisherId=13560791&releaseId=13700505&lang=en
University of Cambridge. “Unique 'bawdy bard' act discovered, revealing 15th-century roots of British comedy.” Phys.org. 5/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-unique-bawdy-bard-revealing-15th-century.html
Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists Digging in the Deserts of Oman Have Discovered a Mysterious Monument They’re Calling ‘Arabian Stonehenge’.” Artnet. 5/5/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-digging-in-the-deserts-of-oman-have-discovered-a-mysterious-monument-theyre-calling-arabian-stonehenge-2291997
Zdziebłowski, Szymon. “Armenia/ Large amounts of flour residue discovered in 3,000 years old building.” Science in Poland. 5/21/2023. https://scienceinpoland.pl/en/news/news%2C96541%2Carmenia-large-amounts-flour-residue-discovered-3000-years-old-building.html

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Unearthed! Summer 2023, Part 1 Jul 17, 2023

This installation of literally and figuratively unearthed items includes updates to previous podcast topics, edibles and potables, shipwrecks, and some surprises -- including items that turned out to be surprisingly valuable.

Research:

“Archaeologists unearth 4,000-year-old ‘Stonehenge of the Netherlands’.” The Guardian. 6/21/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/21/archaeologists-unearth-stonehenge-netherlands
Alberge, Dalya. “’ Startling’ new evidence reveals gladiators fought in Roman Britain.” The Guardian. 3/4/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/04/evidence-reveals-gladiators-fought-in-roman-britain
Anderson, Abigail et al. “The Myth of Man the Hunter: Women’s contribution to the hunt across ethnographic contexts.” PLOS One. 6/28/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287101
“Norse Greenlanders found to have imported timber from North America.” Phys.org. 4/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-norse-greenlanders-imported-timber-north.html
“Olmec Sculpture Will Return to Mexico.” 4/4/2023. https://www.archaeology.org/news/11325-230404-mexico-repatriation-olmec
ArtNet News. “A Roman-Era Vase, Once Considered a Cremation Vessel, Turns Out to Be an Early Form of Sports Memorabilia for a Gladiator Fan.” 4/13/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/colchester-vase-sports-memorabilia-2270088
Artnet News. “A Woman Bought Four Ceramic Plates at a Salvation Army for $8. They Turned Out to Be Original Picassos and Worth Over $40,000.” 5/17/2023. https://news.artnet.com/market/salvation-army-picasso-plates-2303661
Associated Press. “A Hebrew Bible that is 1,100 years old sells for $38 million at an auction.” 5/18/2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/05/18/1176805209/a-hebrew-bible-that-is-1-100-years-old-sells-for-38-million-at-an-auction
Associated Press. “Italy returns ancient stele, illegally exported, to Turkey.” 4/28/2023. https://apnews.com/article/italy-turkey-archaeology-stele-ancient-greece-6fd526892963aa5b0e240289c4d222f7
Benzine, Vittoria. “An 8-Year-Old Schoolgirl Found a Rare Stone-Age Dagger on a Playground in Norway.” Artnet. 5/17/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/an-8-year-old-schoolgirl-found-a-rare-stone-age-dagger-on-a-playground-in-norway-2302958
Blondel, Francois et al. “Mummy Labels: A Witness to the Use and Processing of Wood in Roman Egypt.” International Journal of Wood Culture. https://brill.com/view/journals/ijwc/3/1-3/article-p192_10.xml
Borreggine, Marisa, Sea-level rise in Southwest Greenland as a contributor to Viking abandonment, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2023). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209615120.
Brockell, Gillian. “MLK’s Famous Criticism of Malcolm X was a ‘Fraud’, Author Finds.” 5/10/2023. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/05/10/mlk-malcolm-x-playboy-alex-haley/
Chow, Vivienne. “Nigeria Has Transferred Ownership of the Benin Bronzes to Its Royal Leader, Creating a ‘Better Environment’ for Future Restitution.” Artnet. 4/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/benin-bronze-oba-ownership-2291586
Chun, Alex. “Bought for $6,000, Grime-Covered Windows Are Actually Tiffany—and Worth Up to $250,000 Each.” Smithsonian. 5/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tiffany-glass-windows-philadelphia-180982193/
Dafoe, Taylor. “An Ancient Roman Bust Purchased for $35 at a Texas Thrift Store Is Now Being Repatriated to Germany.” Artnet. 4/18/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-roman-bust-texas-goodwill-repatriation-germany-2287242
Dafoe, Taylor. “Austria Will Return Two Small Parthenon Marbles to Greece. Officials Hope the Move Will Encourage Britain to Follow Suit.” Artnet. 5/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/austria-reptriates-two-small-parthenon-marbles-to-greece-2294596
Dafoe, Taylor. “Japan Has Repatriated a Nazi-Looted Baroque Painting to Poland After Authorities Yanked It From a Tokyo Auction Block.” 6/2/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/japan-repatriated-looted-baroque-painting-poland-2313856
Dafoe, Taylor. “Stolen Ancient Tomb Carvings Sat in Storage at the Met Museum for Decades. Now, They’ve Been Returned to China.” Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-ancient-tomb-carvings-storage-met-repatriated-2299182
Dzirutwe, Macdonald. “Return of Benin Bronzes delayed after Nigerian president's decree.” Reuters. 5/10/2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/return-benin-bronzes-delayed-after-nigerian-presidents-decree-2023-05-10/
Fine Books & Collections. “Thomas Cromwell’s Holbein Portrait Book of Hours Discovered.” 6/8/2023. https://www.finebooksmagazine.com/fine-books-news/thomas-cromwells-holbein-portrait-book-hours-discovered
Foody, Kathleen. “Michigan researchers find 1914 shipwrecks in Lake Superior.” Associated Press. 4/12/2023. https://apnews.com/article/lake-superior-shipwrecks-1914-2e0b4a2a8b5c2ebae589c964cadfe7c9
Global Times. “2,000-year-old traditional rice dumpling Zongzi unearthed in C.China’s Henan, being oldest excavated.” 6/24/2023. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202306/1293063.shtml
“Medieval cannon turns up in garden rockery – and it could blow up bidding at auction.” 6/13/2023. https://hansonsauctioneers.co.uk/medieval-cannon-turns-up-in-garden-rockery-and-it-could-blow-up-bidding-at-auction/
Heritage Daily. “Etruscan Tomb Discovered in Ruins of Ancient Vulci.” https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/04/etruscan-tomb-discovered-in-ruins-of-ancient-vulci/146815
Higgins, Charlotte. “Lavish ancient Roman winery found at ruins of Villa of the Quintilii near Rome.” The Guardian. 4/17/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/17/ancient-roman-winery-found-ruins-villa-of-quintilii-rome
Hokkaido University. “Chicken breeding in Japan dates back to fourth century BCE.” Phys.org. 4/20/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-chicken-japan-dates-fourth-century.html
Jarus, Owen. “1st-century Buddha statue from ancient Egypt indicates Buddhists lived there in Roman times.” Live Science. 5/2/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/ancient-egyptians/1st-century-buddha-statue-from-ancient-egypt-indicates-buddhists-lived-there-in-roman-times
Kent State University. “Despite the dangers, early humans risked life-threatening flintknapping injuries.” Phys.org. 5/25/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-dangers-early-humans-life-threatening-flintknapping.html
Killgrove, Kristina. “Ancient 'urine flasks' for smelling (and tasting) pee uncovered in trash dump at Caesar's forum in Rome.” LiveScience. 5/1/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/ancient-urine-flasks-for-smelling-and-tasting-pee-uncovered-in-trash-dump-at-caesars-forum-in-rome
Kuta, Sarah. “Ancient DNA Reveals Who Wore This 20,000-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian Magazine. 5/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-pendant-new-research-180982129/
Kuta, Sarah. “Divers Are About to Pull a 3,000-Year-Old Shipwreck From the Depths.” 6/16/2013. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/handsewn-shipwreck-recovered-180982389/
Kuta, Sarah. “Lost for 50 Years, Mysterious Australian Shipwreck Has Finally Been Found.” Smithsonian. 5/31/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blythe-star-shipwreck-found-180982269/
Kuta, Sarah. “Searchers Find WWII Ship That Sank With More Than 1,000 Allied POWs Aboard.” Smithsonian. 4/26/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/searchers-find-ss-montevideo-maru-180982053/
Langley, Michelle. “Who owned this Stone Age jewellery? New forensic tools offer an unprecedented answer.” Phys.org. 5/6/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-stone-age-jewellery-forensic-tools.html
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A BBC True Crime Podcast Is Asking Museums for Help Locating a Murder Victim’s Remains to Solve a Cold Case.” Artnet. 5/4/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/true-crime-podcasters-invite-museums-solve-cold-case-2295029
Luzer, Daniel. “German researchers figure out how lager first developed in Bavaria.” EurekAlert. 4/27/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987496
Manhattan District Attorney. “D.A. Bragg Announces Three Antiquities Repatriated to Yemen.” 4/28/2023. https://manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-announces-three-antiquities-repatriated-to-yemen/
Martin, Samantha. “New insight into the mystery of ancient Gaza wine.”EurekAlert. 4/26/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987388
McCaffrey, Kate. “A Book Fit for Two Queens.” The Morgan Library & Musuem. 5/28/2021. https://www.themorgan.org/blog/book-fit-two-queens
Metcalfe, Tom. “1,000-year-old wall in Peru was built to protect against El Niño floods, research suggests.” LiveScience. 6/26/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1000-year-old-wall-in-peru-was-built-to-protect-against-el-nino-floods-research-suggests
Metcalfe, Tom. “2,300-year-old Buddhist elephant statue from India is one of the oldest known.” LiveScience. 6/6/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/2300-year-old-buddhist-elephant-statue-from-india-is-one-of-the-oldest-known
Metcalfe, Tom. “Ancient Romans sacrificed birds to the goddess Isis, burnt bones in Pompeii reveal.” LiveScience. 5/16/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/romans/ancient-romans-sacrificed-birds-to-the-goddess-isis-burnt-bones-in-pompeii-reveal
Metcalfe, Tom. “Top-secret special-ops submarine from World War II discovered after 20-year search.” LiveScience. 6/13/2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/top-secret-special-ops-submarine-from-world-war-ii-discovered-after-20-year-search
Mexico News Daily. “Rare statue of Mayan god K’awiil discovered on Maya Train route.” 4/28/2023. https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/rare-statue-mayan-god-kawiil-found-maya-train/
Moon, Katherine L. et al. “Comparative genomics of Balto, a famous historic dog, captures lost diversity of 1920s sled dogs.” Science. 4/28/2023. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn5887?adobe_mc=MCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1682688995
Nalewicki, Jennifer. “12,000-year-old flutes carved of bone are some of the oldest in the world and sound like birds of prey.” Live Science. June 9, 2023. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/12000-year-old-flutes-carved-of-bone-are-some-of-the-oldest-in-the-world-and-sound-like-birds-of-prey
National Park Service. “National Park archeologists find remains of an underwater hospital and cemetery at Dry Tortugas.” 5/1/2023. https://www.nps.gov/drto/learn/news/underwater-hospital-and-cemetery.htm
Niazi, Asaad and Guillaume Decamme. “Iraq's ancient treasures sand-blasted by climate change.” 4/16/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-iraq-ancient-treasures-sand-blasted-climate.html
Niccum, Jon. “Puzzling rings may be finger loops from prehistoric weapon systems, research finds.” Phys.org. 5/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-puzzling-finger-loops-prehistoric-weapon.html
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Archaeologists Find 3,000-Year-Old Sword So Well Preserved It ‘Almost Still Shines’.” Smithsonian. 6/21/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bronze-age-sword-germany-180982399/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Germany Returns Sacred Wooden Masks to Colombia.” 6/23/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/germany-sacred-masks-colombia-180982419/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Small Dog Wearing Red Bow Found Hidden in Picasso Painting.” Smithsonian. 5/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/picasso-small-dog-discovered-180982198/
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Van Gogh Painting Gets a New Name Thanks to an Eagle-Eyed Chef.” Smithsonian. 5/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/van-gogh-red-cabbages-onions-garlic-180982155/
Parker, Christopher. “Buckingham Palace Refuses to Repatriate Remains of Ethiopian Prince.” Smithsonian. 5/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/prince-dejatch-alemayehu-ethiopia-england-repatriation-180982239/
Parker, Christopher. “Eight-Year-Old Norwegian Girl Discovers Neolithic Dagger at School Playground.” Smithsonian. 5/11/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-schoolgirl-in-norway-found-a-3700-year-old-dagger-buried-at-her-schoo-180982163/
Paterson, Alistair et al. “The Unlucky Voyage: Batavia’s (1629) Landscape of Survival on the Houtman Abrolhos Islands in Western Australia.” Historical Archaeology. 5/4/2023. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41636-023-00396-1
Platt, Tevah. “Digesta: An overlooked source of Ice Age carbs.” University of Michigan. 4/24/2023. https://news.umich.edu/digesta-an-overlooked-source-of-ice-age-carbs/
Py-Lieberman, Beth. “The Smithsonian’s Historic Carousel Undergoes Restoration.” Smithsonian. 5/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/smithsonian-historic-carousel-undergoes-restoration-14274606/
“Spain to begin exhumation of 128 Civil War victims from burial complex, el Pais reports.” 6/11/2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spain-begin-exhumation-128-civil-war-victims-burial-complex-media-2023-06-11/
Shahar, Noga. “Genetic link between two modern varieties of red and white grapes and grape varieties cultivated over 1100 years ago.” EurekAlert. 5/3/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/988090
Skowronek, Tobias B. et al. “German brass for Benin Bronzes: Geochemical analysis insights into the early Atlantic trade.” PLOS One. 4/5/2013. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415
Solon, Zach. “Ancient Native American canoe brought to surface from beneath Lake Waccamaw.” WECT. 4/12/2023. https://www.wect.com/2023/04/12/ancient-native-american-canoe-brought-surface-beneath-lake-waccamaw/?fbclid=IwAR0dMNcSQQPDCdKMbM-VHU6HIxEraYZLX0yqGkWHeOlEhvtz0Bpq4DwYnl0
Sullivan, Will. “Humans May Have Eaten Giant Snails 170,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 4/5/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/humans-may-have-eaten-giant-snails-170000-years-ago-180981929/
Swiss National Science Foundation. “Mummies provide the key to reconstruct the climate of the ancient Mediterranean.” Phys.org. 4/4/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-04-mummies-key-reconstruct-climate-ancient.html
Szotek, Andrzej. “New discoveries in Old Dongola. Protection for Tungul: new, unique wall paintings discovered in Old Dongola, Sudan.” University of Warsaw. 4/5/2023. https://pcma.uw.edu.pl/en/2023/04/05/new-discoveries-in-old-dongola-protection-for-tungul-new-unique-wall-paintings-discovered-in-old-dongola-sudan/
The History Blog. “1,000-year-old Native American canoe raised.” 4/19/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67045
The History Blog. “1st c. surgeon buried with his tools found in Hungary.” 4/27/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67108
The History Blog. “Intact Etruscan tomb with last meal found in Vulci.” 4/8/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66946
The History Blog. “Ming Dynasty shipwrecks laden with porcelain, wood found in South China Sea.” 5/24/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/67334
The History Blog. “Neolithic ritual axe with tiger engraving found in China.” Via JSTOR. 4/5/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66918
“The National Museum of Denmark to Donate Rare Feather Cape to Brazil.” 6/27/2023. https://via.ritzau.dk/pressemeddelelse/the-national-museum-of-denmark-to-donate-rare-feather-cape-to-brazil?publisherId=13560791&releaseId=13700505&lang=en
University of Cambridge. “Unique 'bawdy bard' act discovered, revealing 15th-century roots of British comedy.” Phys.org. 5/30/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-05-unique-bawdy-bard-revealing-15th-century.html
Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists Digging in the Deserts of Oman Have Discovered a Mysterious Monument They’re Calling ‘Arabian Stonehenge’.” Artnet. 5/5/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-digging-in-the-deserts-of-oman-have-discovered-a-mysterious-monument-theyre-calling-arabian-stonehenge-2291997
Zdziebłowski, Szymon. “Armenia/ Large amounts of flour residue discovered in 3,000 years old building.” Science in Poland. 5/21/2023. https://scienceinpoland.pl/en/news/news%2C96541%2Carmenia-large-amounts-flour-residue-discovered-3000-years-old-building.html

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SYMHC Classics: Auguste Escoffier Jul 15, 2023

This 2018 episode covers chef Auguste Escoffier. This one man revolutionized food preparation and restaurant dining in ways that are still part of almost any meal you may be served today.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Frank, Lizzie, and Noodles Jul 14, 2023

Holly and Tracy discuss a collaboration between Frank Duveneck and his friend William Merritt Chase. They also talk about home made versus pre-packaged meals, and sugar cereals.

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Eponymous Foods: Oops All Noodles Jul 12, 2023

This edition of eponymous food stories involves two noodle dishes, and both of them are classic comfort foods that you can easily find in pre-made frozen versions in most grocery stores. But both of them started out as entrées for fancy people.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Stroganov Family". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stroganov-family
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Luisa Tetrazzini". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luisa-Tetrazzini
“Chicken Tetrazzini.” Daily News Republican. Oct. 30, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/582035221/?terms=%22chicken%20Tetrazzini%22%20&match=1
Eremeeva, Jennifer. “The Definitive Beef Stroganoff.” The Moscow Times. Nov. 6, 2020. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/02/20/the-definitive-beef-stroganov-a64566
Gattey, Charles Nelson. “Luisa Tetrazzini: the Florentine Nightingale.” Amadeus Press. 1995. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/luisatetrazzinif0000gatt/page/144/mode/2up
Lew, Mike. “Beef Stroganoff Is Named for Who Exactly?” Bon Appetit. Jan. 16, 2014. https://www.bonappetit.com/entertaining-style/trends-news/article/origin-of-beef-stroganoff
Goldstein, Darra. “A Taste of Russia.” Russian Information Service. 1999.
Hillibish, Jim. “Tetrazzini Leftover Will Leave Them Singing.” The State Journal-Register. Nov. 22, 2022. https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/2012/11/23/tetrazzini-leftover-will-leave-them/45812546007/
Kurlansky, Mark. “Salt: A World History.” Thorndike Press. 2002.
“Luisa Tetrazzini, Diva, Dies in ” New York Times. April 29, 1940. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/04/29/92957232.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
McNamee, Gregory Lewis. "beef Stroganoff". Encyclopedia Britannica, 31 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/beef-Stroganoff
Peters, Erica J. “San Francisco: A Food Biography.” Rowman & Littlefield. 2013.
Price, Mary and Vincent. “A Treasury of Great Recipes.” Ampersand Press, 1965.
Rattray, Diana. “Chicken Tetrazzini Casserole.” The Spruce Eats. Nov. 11, 2021. https://www.thespruceeats.com/chicken-tetrazzini-3053005
Sifton, Sam. “Chicken Tetrazzini, the Casserole Even Snobs Love.” New York Times Magazine. Sept 29, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/magazine/chicken-tetrazzini-the-casserole-even-snobs-love.html
Snow, Glenna H. “Peasants of Russia Thrive on Monotonous, Though Well Balanced Diet, Says Editor.” The Akron Beacon Journal. May 14, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/228861067/?terms=%22beef%20stroganoff%22%20&match=1
Syutkin, Pavel and Olga. “The History and Mystery of Beef Stroganoff.” Moscow Times. Dec. 3, 2022. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/12/03/the-history-and-mystery-of-beef-stroganoff-a79582
“Tetrazzini Here, Meets With Injunction.” New York Times. Nov. 25, 1910. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/11/25/102052010.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Tetrazzini, Luisa. “My Life of Song.” Arno Press. 1977. (Reprint edition.) https://archive.org/details/mylifeofsong0000tetr/page/68/mode/2up
“To San Franciscans, I Am Luisa,” Declares Mme. Tetrazzini.” The San Francisco Chronicle. March 12, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457433091/?terms=Luisa%20Tetrazzini&match=2
“Turkey Tetrazzini.” Saveur. https://www.saveur.com/article/Recipes/Turkey-Tetrazzini/
Webster, Jessica. “Chicken Tetrazzini, or how I stopped worrying and learned to love the mess.” The Ann Arbor News. May 12, 2010. https://www.annarbor.com/entertainment/food-drink/giadas-chicken-tetrazzini/
Welch, Douglas. “Squirrel Cage.” The Tribune. May 17, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/321669094/?terms=Luisa%20Tetrazzini&match=1
“Who Are the Indigenous Peoples of Russia?” Cultural Survival. Feb. 20, 2014. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/who-are-indigenous-peoples-russia#:~:text=The%20smallest%20of%20these%20Indigenous,live%20beyond%20the%20Arctic%20Circle.

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Frank Duveneck and Elizabeth Boott Jul 10, 2023

Frank Duveneck was lauded as a genius artist in his youth, and when he started teaching, he met Elizabeth Boott. Though their marriage was short, she had a significant impact on his work.

Research:

F.P.V. “Frank Duveneck.” Boston Evening Transcript. August 10, 1875. https://www.newspapers.com/image/735164156/?terms=frank%20duveneck&match=1
“How a Cincinnati Artist Stands in Boston.” The Cincinnati Enquirer. April 30, 1875. https://www.newspapers.com/image/30481304/?terms=frank%20duveneck&match=1
Findsen, Owen. “More Than a Painter’s Place.” The Cincinnati Enquirer. Aug. 29, 1999. https://www.newspapers.com/image/103110515/?terms=frank%20duveneck
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Frank Duveneck". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frank-Duveneck
Young, Mahonri Sharp. “The Two Worlds of Frank Duveneck.” American Art Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 1969, pp. 92–103. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1593857
“William Morris Hunt.” Smithsonian American Art Museum. https://americanart.si.edu/artist/william-morris-hunt-2359
Osborne, Carol M. “Frank Duveneck & Elizabeth Boott Duveneck: An American Romance.” Traditional Fine Arts Organization. https://www.tfaoi.org/aa/2aa/2aa572.htm
“ELIZABETH BOOTT DUVENECK.” Mary Ran Gallery. https://maryrangallery.com/elizabeth-boott-duveneck
Duveneck, Frank. “Tomb Effigy of Elizabeth Boott Duveneck.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/10807
“Frank Duveneck.” National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1258.html
“Frank Duveneck: Father of American Art.” Cincinnati Art Museum. Jan. 28, 2021. https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/about/blog/frank-duveneck-father-of-american-art/
Martin, McKenzie. “Frank Duveneck.” Kentucky History. https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/354
Quick, Michael. “American Painter Abroad: Frank Duveneck's European Years.” Cicinnati Art Museum. 1987.
“Frank Duveneck lecture.” Cincinnati Art Museum. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_odizZFhxg

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SYMHC Classics: Great Vowel Shift Jul 08, 2023

This 2016 episode covers the living and evolving nature of language. It shifts and changes; pronunciations and spellings morph throughout time. English is no exception.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Conjecture and Child Actors Jul 07, 2023

Holly talks about the conjecture about the cause of the Mattoon gas scare. Tracy talks about the arduous nature of picking through the court complaint in the Clifton Star Chamber case.

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The Clifton Star Chamber Case and Kidnapped Child Actors Jul 05, 2023

In Early Modern England, there was a rash of abductions of boys, who were being forced to work as actors. Then a child was taken whose father was in a position to actually do something about it.

Research:

Soth, Amelia. “Her Majesty’s Kidnappers.” JSTOR Daily. 12/17/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/kidnapping-for-the-queens-choir/
Early Modern London Theaters. “Viewing Event Record: Star Chamber, Clifton v Robinson et al: Clifton States His Case.” https://emlot.library.utoronto.ca/db/record/event/93/
Reynolds, Patricia. “Kidnapped to order: child actors in Shakespeare’s day.” The National Archives. 5/12/2016. https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/kidnapped-order-child-actors-shakespeares-day/
Map of Early London. “Blackfriars Theatre.” https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/BLAC6.htm
Shapiro, Michael. “Children of the Revels: The Boy Companies of Shakespeare’s Time and Their Plays.” New York: Columbia University Press. 1977.
Fleay, Frederick Gard. “A Chronicle History of the London Stage 1559-1642.” New York. G.E. Stechert & Co. 1909.
Benet, William Rose. "Blackfriars." Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia, 3rd ed., Harper & Row, 1987, p. 103. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A18034327/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fefb4932. Accessed 21 June 2023.
Munro, Lucy. "Living by Others' Pleasure: Marston, The Dutch Courtesan, and Theatrical Profit." Early Theatre, vol. 23, no. 1, June 2020, pp. 109+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A638900245/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=ce5c9645. Accessed 21 June 2023.
Dutton, Richard. “The Revels Office and the Boy Companies, 1600-1613: New Perspectives.” English Literary Renaissance , SPRING 2002, Vol. 32, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43447637
Wridgway, Neville. "Giles, Nathaniel (c. 1558–1634), choirmaster and composer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 22 Jun. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-10724
Barrie, Robert. “Elizabethan Play-Boys in the Adult London Companies.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 , Spring, 2008, Vol. 48, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40071333
Mamujee, Shehzana. “'To serve us in that behalf when our pleasure is to call for them': performing boys in Renaissance England.” Renaissance Studies , NOVEMBER 2014, Vol. 28, No. 5. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24423452
Jones, Roger T. “The Role of the Junior English Schools in the Development of the Drama.” A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Loyola University September, 1944.
Bradbrook, M.C. “’Silk? Satin? Kersey? Rags?’ The Choristers' Theater under Elizabeth and James.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 , Spring, 1961. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/449339

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The Mad Gasser of Mattoon Jul 03, 2023

In 1944, a small town in Illinois was gripped with fear that someone was spraying a toxic gas into their homes as they slept. And while there have been several explanations, there isn’t any one that’s recognized or accepted as the truth.

Research:

“‘Anesthetic Prowler’ Covers City.” Journal Gazette. Sept. 5, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/93681179/?terms=%22Urban%20Raef%22%20&match=1
“‘Anesthetic Prowler’ on Loose.” Journal Gazette. Sept. 2, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/93681104/?terms=%22%27Anesthetic%20Prowler%27%20%22%20%20Loose.%22&match=1
“At Night in Mattoon.” Time. Sept. 18, 1944. https://web.archive.org/web/20080306220348/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,796678,00.html
“Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning.” Centers for Disease Control. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/carbon_tetrachloride/docs/Carbon_Tetra_Patient_Ed_Sheet-508.pdf
Chaplin, James Patrick. “Rumor, Fear, and the Madness of Crowds.” Ballantine Books. New York. 1959. Accessed onling: https://archive.org/details/rumorfearmadness00chap/page/10/mode/2up
Fopay, Dave. “’Mad Gasser’ Author Points Finger at ‘Brilliant’ Chemistry Student.” Journal Gazette. June 30, 2003. https://www.newspapers.com/image/84792181/?terms=%22Farley%20Llewellyn%22%20&match=1
“History of Coles County.” Coles County, Illinois Homepage. https://www.co.coles.il.us/genInfo.html#:~:text=Mattoon%20was%20founded%20as%20a,Stephen%20Doles%20and%20Ebenezer%20Noyes.
“’Hysterical Mistake,’ Police Say of Mattoon’s Gas-Spraying.” Sun-Telegram (Richmond, Indiana). Sept. 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/253218677/?terms=%22Atlas%20Imperial%20Diesel%22%20Engine&match=1
“Intensify Hunt For Paralysis Gas Prowler” Mattoon Orders Police on 24 Hour Watch.” Chicago Tribune. Sept. 7, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/370374182/?terms=%22anesthetic%20prowler%22%20&match=1
“Is ‘Madman od Mattoon,’ Who Gasses Victims, Real or Result of Comic Book Imagination?” Press and Sun Bulletin. Sept. 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/260955754/?terms=Beulah%20Cordes&match=1
Johnson, Brooke. “Author Claims to have solved ‘Mad Gasser.’” Journal Gazette. March 22, 2003. https://www.newspapers.com/image/84639401/
“Mad Anesthetist Keeps Town Awake.” Independent. Sept 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/718770228/?terms=Beulah%20Cordes&match=1
“Madman of Mattoon: 2 More are Victims of Phantom Prowler.” The Times Herald. Sept. 9, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/209765891/?terms=%22%27Anesthetic%20Prowler%27%20%22%20%20Loose.%22&match=1
Maruna, Scott. “ The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Dispelling the Hysteria.” Swamp Gas Book Company. 2003.
Hereford, Robert A. “Mattoon Argues Over Denial That Prowler Exists.” St. Louis Star and Times. Sept. 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/205455415/?terms=%22Atlas%20Imperial%20Diesel%22%20Engine&match=1
“Police Get Two False Alarms During Night.” Journal Gazette. Sept 13, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/93681538/?terms=%22Police%20get%20two%20false%20alarms%20during%20night%22&match=1
“Prowler Sprays Fumes Which Cause Paralysis.” Times-Tribune. Sept. 7, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/534404923/?terms=%22anesthetic%20prowler%22%20&match=1
“Some Say ‘Madman of Mattoon’ Is Hoax.” The Dispatch. Sept 8, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/340095570/?terms=Beulah%20Cordes&match=1
Waters, Dustin. “The mystery of the ‘Mad Gasser of Mattoon’ who terrorized an Illinois town.” Washington Post. Oct. 30, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/10/30/mad-gasser-mattoon-illinois-mystery/
“Wave of Hysteria Hits Mattoon; Police Watch Amateur Chemist.” The Palladium-Item. Sept. 12, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/253218459/?terms=%22Aline%20Kearney%22%20&match=1
“We face the future knowing we have won … Staunch Friends.” Journal Gazette. Sept 26, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/93682148/?terms=atlas%20diesel&match=1

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SYMHC Classics: W.C. Minor Jul 01, 2023

This two-parter from 2012 covers William Chester Minor, whose life was tumultuous. Medical school, mental health issues, and murder are all part of the story of this prolific contributor to the Oxford English Dictionary.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: War of the Words Jun 30, 2023

Tracy and Holly discuss the high volume of work produced by both Webster and Worcester, the inconsistencies in Webster's work, and learning languages.

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Webster, Worcester and the Dictionary Wars, Part 2 Jun 28, 2023

Noah Webster Jr. and Joseph Emerson Worcester were both born in New England, both went to Yale, and both compiled multiple dictionaries during their lifetimes. But they were very different men, and those differences led to a lot of conflict.

Research:

"Joseph Emerson Worcester." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310000221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=28ed0fad. Accessed 13 June 2023.
"Joseph Emerson Worcester." Oxford Reference. . . Date of access 13 Jun. 2023, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803124726182
Amherst College Library. “An Exhibit Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of Noah Webster’s Birth October 16, 1758.” Archives and Special Collections Department. https://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/exhibitions/webster
Bartels, Paul S. "Webster, Noah." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 291-293. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100736/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3724fc61. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Emerson Worcester". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Emerson-Worcester. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Cassedy, Tim. “’A Dictionary Which We Do Not Want’: Defining America against Noah Webster, 1783–1810.” The William and Mary Quarterly , Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.71.2.0229
Cmiel, Kenneth. "Dictionaries." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 22-23. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401801214/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b1842afb. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Dobbs, Christopher. “Noah Webster and the Dream of a Common Language.” Connecticut History. 5/28/2021. https://connecticuthistory.org/noah-webster-and-the-dream-of-a-common-language/
Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part I." National Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 6 Feb. 2023, p. 50. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A734881576/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=705eb3a3. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part II." National Review, vol. 75, no. 4, 6 Mar. 2023, p. 46. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A737639557/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=59f8ff8f. Accessed 13 June 2023.
McDavid, Raven I.. "Noah Webster". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer. Accessed 14 June 2023.
McHugh, Jess. “The Nationalist Roots of Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary.” The Paris Review. 3/30/2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/03/30/noah-websters-american-english/
Merriam-Webster. “Noah Webster and America's First Dictionary.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/about-us/americas-first-dictionary
Micklethwait, David. “Ghost-hunting?: The Search for Henry Bohn's First Worcester Dictionary.” Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, Volume 38, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2017.0001
Noah Webster House and West Hartford Historical Society. “Noah Webster History.” https://noahwebsterhouse.org/noahwebsterhistory/
Skinner, David. “Noah Webster, Chronicler of Disease.” HUMANITIES, Spring 2021, Volume 42, Number 2. https://www.neh.gov/article/noah-webster-chronicler-disease
Yazawa, Melvin. “Webster, Noah.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/68670

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Webster, Worcester and the Dictionary Wars, Part 1 Jun 26, 2023

The conflict between Noah Webster and Joseph Emerson Worcester, and their dictionaries came to be known as the Dictionary Wars. To set the scene, part one covers the biographies of the two men.

Research:

"Joseph Emerson Worcester." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310000221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=28ed0fad. Accessed 13 June 2023.
"Joseph Emerson Worcester." Oxford Reference. . . Date of access 13 Jun. 2023, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803124726182
Amherst College Library. “An Exhibit Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of Noah Webster’s Birth October 16, 1758.” Archives and Special Collections Department. https://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/exhibitions/webster
Bartels, Paul S. "Webster, Noah." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 291-293. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100736/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3724fc61. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Emerson Worcester". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Emerson-Worcester. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Cassedy, Tim. “’A Dictionary Which We Do Not Want’: Defining America against Noah Webster, 1783–1810.” The William and Mary Quarterly , Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.71.2.0229
Cmiel, Kenneth. "Dictionaries." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 22-23. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401801214/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b1842afb. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Dobbs, Christopher. “Noah Webster and the Dream of a Common Language.” Connecticut History. 5/28/2021. https://connecticuthistory.org/noah-webster-and-the-dream-of-a-common-language/
Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part I." National Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 6 Feb. 2023, p. 50. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A734881576/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=705eb3a3. Accessed 13 June 2023.
Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part II." National Review, vol. 75, no. 4, 6 Mar. 2023, p. 46. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A737639557/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=59f8ff8f. Accessed 13 June 2023.
McDavid, Raven I.. "Noah Webster". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer. Accessed 14 June 2023.
McHugh, Jess. “The Nationalist Roots of Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary.” The Paris Review. 3/30/2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/03/30/noah-websters-american-english/
Merriam-Webster. “Noah Webster and America's First Dictionary.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/about-us/americas-first-dictionary
Micklethwait, David. “Ghost-hunting?: The Search for Henry Bohn's First Worcester Dictionary.” Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, Volume 38, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2017.0001
Noah Webster House and West Hartford Historical Society. “Noah Webster History.” https://noahwebsterhouse.org/noahwebsterhistory/
Skinner, David. “Noah Webster, Chronicler of Disease.” HUMANITIES, Spring 2021, Volume 42, Number 2. https://www.neh.gov/article/noah-webster-chronicler-disease
Yazawa, Melvin. “Webster, Noah.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/68670

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SYMHC Classics: Julian Eltinge Jun 24, 2023

This 2018 episode features Julian Eltinge, one of the highest-paid and most famous actors of the early 20th century. He acted alongside Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford and Rudolph Valentino, and became. famous as a female impersonator.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Square Dancing on a Wire Jun 23, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about Barbette's identity and speculation about his life. They also share stories of square dancing in school as kids.

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Square Dancing Jun 21, 2023

Square dancing has very old roots and has endured as a pastime to present day. Its history, though, comes with some thorns, and scholars don’t even agree on its exact origin.

Research:

Anderson, Virginia C. “It All Began Anew: The Revival of Folk Dancing.” Western Folklore , Apr., 1948, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1948). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1497379
Blakemore, Erin. “The Slave Roots of Square Dancing.” JSTOR Daily. 6/16/2017. https://daily.jstor.org/the-slave-roots-of-square-dancing/
Burger, Hans, complier. “History and Heritage of Modern American Square Dancing.” Phantom Promenaders Munich. European Association of American Square Dance. Via archive.org. https://web.archive.org/web/20040409113940/http://eaasdc.de/history/shehisto.pdf
Dallal, Jenine Abboushi. "French Cultural Imperialism and the Aesthetics of Extinction." The Yale Journal of Criticism, vol. 13 no. 2, 2000, p. 229-265. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/yale.2000.0016.
Damon, S. Foster. “History of Square Dancing.” Barre, Mass. 1957.
Gifford, Paul M. “Henry Ford’s Dance Revival and Fiddle Contests: Myth and Reality.” Journal of the Society for American Music (2010) Volume 4, Number 3, pp. 307–338.
Hunt, Tracie. “Birdie in the Cage.” Produced by Annie McEwen, Tracie Hunte, and Matt Kielty. Radiolab. 10/23/2019. https://radiolab.org/podcast/birdie-cage
Jamison, Philip A. “Square Dance Calling: The African-American Connection.” Journal of Appalachian Studies , Fall 2003, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Fall 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41446577
Lovett, Benjamin B. and Henry Ford. “’Good Morning’: After a Sleep of Twenty-five Years, Old-fashioned Dancing is Being Revived by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ford.” Dearborn Publishing Company. January 1926.
Mangin, Julianne. “The State Folk Dance Conspiracy: Fabricating a National Folk Dance.” Originally published in the Old-Time Herald, v.4(7) p.9-12, Spring 1995. http://juliannemangin.com/the-state-folk-dance-conspiracy/
MasterClass. “All About Square Dance: A Brief History of Square Dance.” https://www.masterclass.com/articles/square-dance-explained
Miller, Rebecca S. "Creolizing Contradance in the Caribbean." American Music, vol. 28, no. 4, winter 2010, pp. 501+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A401215265/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5ce2f07f. Accessed 1 June 2023.
Nelson, Kevin. "Square Dancing." Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America, edited by Gary S. Cross, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, pp. 305-307. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3434800241/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=eed3a8c4. Accessed 1 June 2023.
Optimist Daily. “The history of square dancing in America—part I of True American.” 8/12/2022. https://www.optimistdaily.com/2022/08/the-history-of-square-dancing-in-america-part-i-of-true-american/
Optimist Daily. “The square dancers of today—part II of True American, a mini-series.” 8/19/2022. https://www.optimistdaily.com/2022/08/the-square-dancers-of-today-part-ii-of-true-american-a-mini-series/
Quigley, Colin. “Reflections on the Hearing to "Designate the Square Dance as the American Folk Dance of the United States": Cultural Politics and an American Vernacular Dance Form.” Yearbook for Traditional Music , 2001, Vol. 33 (2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1519639
Sabatella, Matthew. “Southern Appalachian Square Dance: A Brief History.” Ballad of America. https://balladofamerica.org/southern-square-dance/
Szwed, John F. and Morton Marks. “The Afro-American Transformation of European Set Dances and Dance Suites.” Dance Research Journal , Summer, 1988, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Summer, 1988). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1478814
U.S. House of Representatives. “Can I have This Dance?” Whereas: Stories from the People’s House. 4/29/2020. https://history.house.gov/Blog/2020/April/4-29-squaredance/
Warnock, Emery C. “The Anti-Semitic Origins of Henry Ford's Arts Education Patronage.” Journal of Historical Research in Music Education , Apr., 2009, Vol. 30, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40215355

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Vander Clyde Broadway, aka Barbette Jun 19, 2023

Vander Clyde Broadway went by a few different names in his life, but Barbette is the one he got famous with. He was a female impersonator from Texas who became the toast of Paris in the 1920s.

Research:

Ninesling, Rosie. “Meet Barbette, Round Rock’s Cross-Dressing Performer From the 1920s.” Austin Monthly. December 2021. https://www.austinmonthly.com/meet-barbette-round-rocks-cross-dressing-performer-from-the-1920s/
Kendall Curlee, “Broadway, Vander Clyde [Barbette],” Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/broadway-vander-clyde-barbette
Steegmuller, Francis. “An Angel, a Flower, a Bird.” The New Yorker. Sept. 27, 1969. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1969/09/27/an-angel-a-flower-a-bird
Pryor, Thomas M. “Hollywood Arena: ‘Big Circus’ Troupe Works to Equal Big Top’s Authenticity and Color.” New York Times. January 11, 1959. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/01/11/83434437.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Gils, Bieke. “Flying, Flirting, and Flexing: Charmion’s Trapeze Act, Sexuality, and Physical Culture at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” Journal of Sport History, vol. 41, no. 2, 2014, pp. 251–68. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.251
Dimock, Chase. “ “THE SURREAL SEX OF BEAUTY: JEAN COCTEAU AND MAN RAY’S ‘LE NUMÉRO BARBETTE.’” As It Ought to Be. June 2, 2011. https://asitoughttobemagazine.com/2011/06/02/the-surreal-sex-of-beauty-jean-cocteau-and-man-rays-le-numero-barbette/
“Barbette in Amazing Feats at the Palace.” New York Times. Feb. 8, 1927. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/02/08/110039993.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Gallico, Paul. “Thinking Aloud: give a Cheer for an Artist.” The San Francisco Examiner. April 28, 1948. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458500827/?terms=vander%20barbette&match=1
Cole Brothers Circus Is Rehearsing in Louisville This Year for the Last Time.” The Courier-Journal. April 10, 1949. https://www.newspapers.com/image/110868149/?terms=vander%20barbette&match=1
“150 From Circus Recover After Food Poisoning.” Evening Star. June 19, 1943. https://www.newspapers.com/image/868025427/?terms=vander%20barbette&match=1
“New Cole Brothers Circus Puts Emphasis on Beauty.” Globe-Gazette. July 8, 1949. https://www.newspapers.com/image/724153/?terms=vander%20barbette&match=1
Atkinson, J. Brooks. “Songs, Dances and Costumes.” New York Times. Feb, 13, 1927. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/02/13/98532388.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“From Round Rock to the Moulin Rouge: The Story of Barbette.” Round Rock ISD. https://history.roundrockisd.org/from-round-rock-to-the-moulin-rouge-the-story-of-barbette/
“Vander Barbette Is Dead at 68; Trapeze Artist in the Twenties.” New York Times. Aug. 10, 1973. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/08/10/148684612.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Estrada, John-Carlos. “#TBT: From Round Rock to the Moulin Rouge, meet aerialist and drag performer Barbette.” CBS Austin. Aug. 19, 2022. https://cbsaustin.com/newsletter-daily/tbt-from-round-rock-to-the-moulin-rouge-meet-aerialist-and-drag-performer-barbette-vander-clyde-broadway-female-impersonator-french-poet-jean-cocteau-paris-alfaretta-sisters-world-famous-aerial-queens-1969-new-yorker-article-strange-beauty-wire-walker

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SYMHC Classics: George Sand Jun 17, 2023

This 2020 episode covers George Sand, an incredibly famous writer of incredible output. Her behavior and personal style were almost as talked about as her novels, and these factors combined made her into a polarizing figure.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Music and Tomatoes Jun 16, 2023

Holly mentions the legal protections for artists that were catalyzed by Coleridge-Taylor's death. Tracy shares stories of unique court cases.

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Nix v. Hedden and Tomatoes as Vegetables Jun 14, 2023

Nix v. Hedden was the U.S. supreme court decision that made tomatoes a vegetable, at least for tariff purposes. This case involved a lot of dictionaries being read aloud.

Research:

Baron, Dennis. “Look It Up in Your Funk & Wagnalls : How Courts Define the Words of the Law.” Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, Volume 43, Issue 2, 2022, pp. 95-144 (Article). https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2022.0015
Dewey, Caitlin. “The obscure Supreme Court case that decided tomatoes are vegetables.” Washington Post. 10/18/2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/10/18/the-obscure-supreme-court-case-that-decided-tomatoes-are-vegetables/
Hendrickson, Scott and Jason M. Roberts. “Short-Term Goals and Long-Term Effects: The Mongrel Tariff and the Creation of the Special Rule in the U.S. House.” Journal of Policy History. Vol. 28, No. 2. 2016. doi:10.1017/S0898030616000087
Hollender v. Magone, 149 U.S. 586 (1893). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/149/586/
New York Times. “100TH YEAR MARKED BY PRODUCE HOUSE.” 2/22/1939. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1939/02/22/96020572.html?pageNumber=40
Nix, John W. “1795-1895. One hundred years of American commerce ... history of American commerce by one hundred Americans, with a chronological table of the important events of American commerce and invention within the past one hundred years.” Chauncey Mitchell Depew, editor. New York, D.O. Haynes, 1895. https://archive.org/details/17951895onehundr02depeuoft/page/n377/
ROBERTS, JASON M. “The Development of Special Orders and Special Rules in the U.S. House, 1881–1937.” Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 3, 2010, pp. 307–36. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25750388. Accessed 31 May 2023.
Schafer, Matthew. “The Curious Case of the Green Tomato and the Tax Collector.” Medium. 9/1/2020. https://matthewschafer.medium.com/the-curious-case-of-the-green-tomato-and-the-tax-collector-56ff0a72dc74
Smith, Andrew F. "Tomato." Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, edited by Solomon H. Katz, vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 402-407. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3403400575/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6909ec78. Accessed 25 May 2023.
Supreme Court of the United States. Nix v. Hedden, 149 U.S. 304 (1893). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/149/304/
"Tomato." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 29 Jul. 2018. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Ftomato%2F72825&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 25 May. 2023.
United States Congress. “An act to reduce internal-revenue taxation, and for other purposes.” March 3, 1883.
United States v. Petix. https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-petix-1
“Virginia Truck Farms.” From the Portsmouth Star. Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. Volume 56. https://books.google.com/books?id=xtlKAQAAMAAJ
"Yates v. United States." Oyez, www.oyez.org/cases/2014/13-7451. Accessed 25 May. 2023.

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Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Jun 12, 2023

British composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a standout both for his talent, and also because he was a Black artist who moved in almost entirely white circles. His most famous work is a cantata he composed in his early 20s.

Research:

“Obituary.” British Medical Journal. October 22, 1904. Accessed online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2355705/pdf/brmedj08192-0072c.pdf
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Coleridge-Taylor
Green, Jeffrey. “Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: The Early Years.” Black Music Research Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, 2001, pp. 133–58. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3181600
Predota, Georg. “Samuel Coleridge-Taylor and Jessie Sarah Fleetwood Walmisley
‘Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen.’” Interlude. August 15, 2020. https://interlude.hk/samuel-coleridge-taylor-and-jessie-sarah-fleetwood-walmisley-nobody-knows-the-trouble-ive-seen/
Kuryla, Peter. "Pan-Africanism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Africanism
Wariboko, Waibinte E. “I REALLY CANNOT MAKE AFRICA MY HOME: WEST INDIAN MISSIONARIES AS ‘OUTSIDERS’ IN THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY C I V I L I Z I N G M I S S I O N T O S O U T H E R N N I G E R I A, 1898–1925.” Journal of African History. 45/2004. Cambridge University Press. Accessed online: https://openlab.bmcc.cuny.edu/african-history/wp-content/uploads/sites/208/2020/03/Wariboko-I-Really-Cannot-make-Africa-my-Home.pdf
“A Strange Conference.” Boston Evening Transcript. August 8, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/735394695/?terms=First%20Pan-African%20Conference&match=1
“The Pan-African Movement.” American Historical Association. https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/through-the-lens-of-history-biafra-nigeria-the-west-and-the-world/the-colonial-and-pre-colonial-eras-in-nigeria/the-pan-african-movement#:~:text=Pan%2DAfricanism%20was%20the%20attempt,the%20world%20of%20African%20colonies
Rognoni, Gabriele and Anna Maria Barry. Samuel Coleridge-Taylor and the Musical Fight for Civil Rights.” Royal College of Music and Google Arts and Culture. https://artsandculture.google.com/story/9gXhtwiLW6SGIw Civil Rights
Longfellow Chorus. “Samuel Coleridge-Taylor and His Music in America, 1900-1912.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HebDy-sLdCs&t=2s
Coleridge-Taylor, Avril. “The Heritage of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.” Dobson. 1979.
“Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, 1875-1912.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200038837/
Phillips, Mike. “Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (1875-1912).” The British Library Board. https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/blackeuro/pdf/coleridge.pdf
“New Music.” Birmingham Daily Gazette. Nov. 22, 1898. https://www.newspapers.com/image/821403324/?terms=%22Hiawatha%27s%20Wedding%20Feast%22&match=1

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SYMHC Classics: Frederick Douglass Jun 10, 2023

This 2017 episode covers orator, writer, statesman and social reformer Frederick Douglass. His early life shaped the advocate he became, and informed the two primary causes he campaigned for - the abolition of slavery and women's suffrage.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Lucy and Ruth Jun 09, 2023

Holly talks about some of the details about Lucy Stone's life and husband that didn't make it into the episode. Tracy tells a story about first hearing of Ruth Benedict in an episode of "Designing Women."

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Ruth Benedict Jun 07, 2023

Ruth Fulton Benedict was one of the first women to become really prominent in the field of anthropology. She had a huge impact, but she’s often overshadowed by some of her students, including Zora Neale Hurston and Margaret Mead.

Research:

Banner, Lois W. “Intertwined Lives: Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Their Circle.” New York. Alfred A. Knopf. 2003.
Banner, Lois W. “Mannish Women, Passive Men, and Constitutional Types: Margaret Mead's Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies as a Response to Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture.” Signs. Vol. 28, No. 3, Gender and Science: New Issues (Spring 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/345325
Benedict, Ruth, 1887-1948, and Gene Weltfish. The Races of Mankind. New York: Public Affairs Committee, 1943.
Borovoy, Amy. “Ruth Benedict and the Study of Japanese Culture.” UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy. 8/26/2020. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfZYIGltfsE
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ruth Benedict". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ruth-Benedict. Accessed 17 May 2023.
Burns, J. Conor. "Anthropology." History of Modern Science and Mathematics, edited by Brian S. Baigrie, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2640700006/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4a63896c. Accessed 22 May 2023.
Kent, Pauline. “Japanese Perceptions of ‘The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.’” Dialectical Anthropology, June 1999, Vol. 24, No. 2 (June 1999). https://www.jstor.org/stable/29790600
Lie, John. “Ruth Benedict's Legacy of Shame: Orientalism and Occidentalism in the Study of Japan.” Asian Journal of Social Science , 2001, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23653936
Mead, Margaret and Ruth Benedict. “An Anthropologist At Work Writings Of Ruth Benedict.” Secker & Warburg. 1959.
"Patterns of Culture." American Decades Primary Sources, edited by Cynthia Rose, vol. 4: 1930-1939, Gale, 2004, pp. 645-647. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3490200798/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fa7f9002. Accessed 17 May 2023.
"Ruth Fulton Benedict." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310017919/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=0181011f. Accessed 17 May 2023.
"Ruth Fulton Benedict." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2641500229/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4fba0976. Accessed 17 May 2023.
Salamone, Frank A., 2018. “Life‑affirming versus Life‑denying Cultures : Ruth Benedict and Social Synergy”, in BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology, Paris. https://www.berose.fr/article1333.html?lang=en
Schachter, Judith . "Ruth Benedict". In obo in Anthropology. 18 May. 2023. <https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0204.xml>.
Vassar Encyclopedia. “Ruth Benedict ’1909.” 2009. https://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/distinguished-alumni/ruth-benedict/
Yong, Daniel. “Ruth Benedict: Strength in Disability.” University of Chicago. 12/13/2020. https://womanisrational.uchicago.edu/2020/12/13/ruth-benedict-strength-in-disability/
Young, Virginia Heyer. “Ruth Benedict: Beyond Relativity, Beyond Pattern.” Critical Studies in the History of Anthropology. Series editors Regna Darnell and Stephen O. Murray. University of Nebraska Press. 2005.

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Lucy Stone Jun 05, 2023

Lucy Stone is sometimes written about as the person who should be mentioned alongside Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony. She lived an incredibly unique life for a woman of her time and station.

Research:

Michals, Debra “Lucy Stone.” National Women’s History Museum. 2017. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/lucy-stone
Million, Joelle. “Woman’s Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Woman's Rights Movement.” Praeger. 2003.
Kerr, Andrea Moore. “Lucy Stone: Speaking Out for Equality.” Rutgers University Press. 1992. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780813518602/page/n323/mode/2up
Blackwell, Henry B. “What the South can do. How the Southern states can make themselves masters of the situation. To the legislatures of the Southern states.” New York. Robert J. Johnston, printer. January 15, 1867. Library of Congress: https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/rbc/rbpe/rbpe12/rbpe127/12701100/12701100.pdf
Tucker, Neely. “Stone/Blackwell Marriage: To Love And Honor, But Not ‘Obey.’” Library of Congress Blog. May 5, 2020. https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2020/05/stone-blackwell-marriage-to-love-and-honor-but-not-obey/
com Editors. “Lucy Stone.” Biography. Com. Nov. 23, 2021. https://www.biography.com/activists/lucy-stone
Smith, Bonnie Hurd. “Lucy Stone.” Boston Women’s Heritage Trail. https://bwht.org/lucy-stone/
“Lucy Stone.” National Women’s Hall of Fame. https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/lucy-stone/
“Garrisonians.” Vermont Christian Messenger. Jan. 30, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/490750662/?terms=%22Lucy%20Stone%22&match=1
Hays, Elinor. “Morning Star.” New York. Harcourt, Brace & World. 1961. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/morningstar00hays/page/n7/mode/2up
Lang, Allison. “The 14th and 15th Amendments.” National Women’s History Museum. Fall 2015. https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/14-15-amendments/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lucy Stone". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucy-Stone
Wheeler, Marjoeiw Spruill. “New Women of the New South: The Leaders of the Woman Suffrage Movement in the Southern States.” Oxford University Press. 1993.
McMillen, Sally Gregory. “Lucy Stone: An Unapologetic Life.” Oxford University Press. 2015.
“Love and Protest in a Marriage.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/exhibitions/women-fight-for-the-vote/about-this-exhibition/seneca-falls-and-building-a-movement-1776-1890/family-friends-and-the-personal-side-of-the-movement/love-and-protest-in-a-suffrage-marriage/

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SYMHC Classics: Zoot Suit Riots Jun 03, 2023

This 2018 episode covers a conflict that wasn't really a riot, and wasn't really about the zoot suits -- although they had come to symbolize A LOT in Los Angeles when this happened.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Pants and Randolph's Activism Jun 02, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about a critical letter that Mrs. Pat once received from a fan. Then Tracy mentions the way that Randolph's work is sometimes eclipsed by other Civil Rights events.

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A. Philip Randolph May 31, 2023

A. Philip Randolph was a key figure in the history of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. But that was just one effort in a lifetime of activism for racial equality.

Research:

"A. Philip Randolph." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631005446/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a02165a4. Accessed 10 May 2023.
AFL-CIO. “A. Philip Randolph.” https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-people/asa-philip-randolph
American Experience. “A. Philip Randolph.” From Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/garvey-philip-randolph/
American Friends Service Committee. “Honoring A. Philip Randolph, a leader in the March on Washington.” 9/3/2020. https://afsc.org/news/honoring-philip-randolph-leader-march-washington
Bishop, M. (2017, June 11). Lucille Campbell Green Randolph (1883-1963). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/randolph-lucille-campbell-green-1883-1963/
Bracey, John H. Jr. and “August Meier. “Allies or Adversaries?: The NAACP, A. Philip Randolph and the 1941 March on Washington.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly , Spring 1991, Vol. 75, No. 1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40582270
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "A. Philip Randolph". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-Philip-Randolph. Accessed 12 May 2023.
Bynum, Cornelius. “A Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civil Rights.” University of Illinois Press. 2010.
Green, James R. “A. Philip Randolph and Boston's African-American Railroad Worker.” Trotter Review. Vol. 6, Issue 2. 9/21/1992. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/trotter_review
Hill, Norman. "A. Philip Randolph. (Labor)." Social Policy, vol. 32, no. 4, summer 2002, pp. 9+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A90747203/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f45caf0e. Accessed 10 May 2023.
Marable, Manning. “A. Philip Randolph and the Foundations of Black American Socialism.” From Workers' Struggles, Past and Present, edited by James Green. Temple University Press.
Prescod, Paul. “You Should Know More About A. Philip Randolph, One of America’s Greatest Socialists.” Jacobin. 5/23/2020. https://jacobin.com/2020/05/a-philip-randolph-socialist-civil-rights-march-bscp
"Randolph, A. Philip." Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library, edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, UXL, 2006, pp. 182-192. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3442000053/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=643ce2c8. Accessed 10 May 2023.
Randolph, A. Philip, "Letter from A. Philip Randolph, International President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters to Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City," 5 June 1941. Courtesy of National Archives. https://iowaculture.gov/history/education/educator-resources/primary-source-sets/protest-america/letter-philip-randolph-to

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Mrs. Patrick Campbell May 29, 2023

Mrs. Patrick Campbell was a hugely famous actress in the early 20th century, though she hasn’t really retained her iconic status. She quickly had a reputation as a stage diva with a sharp tongue, and originated one of the most beloved characters of the stage and screen.

Research:

Campbell, Mrs. Patrick. “My Life and Some Letters.” New York. Dodd, Mead. 1922. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/mylifesomeletter00camp
Sudermann, Hermann. “Magda.” Lamson, Wolffe and Company. New York. 1895. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/34184/pg34184-images.html
Woods, Leigh. “’The Golden Calf’: Noted English Actresses in American Vaudeville, 1904-1916.” Journal of American Culture. 1992. https://www.academia.edu/47469417/The_Golden_Calf_Noted_English_Actresses_in_American_Vaudeville_1904_1916
Aston, Elaine. “Campbell [née Tanner], Beatrice Stella [performing name Mrs Patrick Campbell].” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Jan. 3, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/32261
Whitaker, Alma. “Personal Reminiscences of Mrs. Patrick Campbell.” Los Angeles Sunday Times. Nov. 3, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/380204798/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1
Peters, Margot. “Mrs. Pat: The Life of Mrs. Patrick Campbell.” Bodley Head. 1984.
“Famous Actress at Death’s Door.” Salt Lake Tribune. Sept. 19, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/76001747/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1
“Mrs. Patrick Campbell Ill.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Sept. 20, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/54225938/?terms=Mrs.%20Patrick%20Campbell&match=1
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "problem play". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/problem-play
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mrs. Patrick Campbell". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mrs-Patrick-Campbell
“Mrs. Campbell, 75, Famous Actress.” New York Times. April 11, 1940. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/04/11/92937919.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Shaw, George Bernard. “Pygmalion.” 1912. Digitized March 1, 2003. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3825/3825-h/3825-h.htm
Atkinson, J. Brooks. “Mrs. Campbell Returns.” New York Times. Feb. 8, 1927. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/02/08/110039988.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

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SYMHC Classics: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters May 27, 2023

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters became the first African-American labor union to be recognized by the American Federation of Labor. This 2014 episode covers how the group became an important force for social change.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Ruby and Japan May 26, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about Ruby Payne-Scott's progressive marriage. They also cover Japan's global connectivity earlier than people may realize.

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Hasekura Tsunenaga May 24, 2023

Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga was a samurai who led a diplomatic delegation to New Spain, Spain and Rome in the 17th century. But many of the Japanese records about their mission were lost or destroyed after they returned.

Research:

Carl, Katy. “Aiming for Japan and Getting Heaven Thrown In.” Genealogies of Modernity. 12/2/2020. https://genealogiesofmodernity.org/journal/2020/11/25/scales-of-value-shusaku-endos-the-samurai
Christensen, Thomas. “1616: The World in Motion.” Counterpoint. 2012. https://archive.org/details/1616worldinmotio0000chri/
Corradini, Piero. “Some Problems concerning Hasekura Tsunenaga’s Embassy to the Pope." From Rethinking Japan Vol. 2. Routledge. 1995.
Frederic, Louis. “Japan Encyclopedia.” Translated by Käthe Roth. 2002. https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/mode/1up
Fujikawa, Mayu. “Pope Paul V’s global design.” Renaissance Studies, APRIL 2016, Vol. 30, No. 2 (APRIL 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26618847
Gessel, Van C. “Historical Background.” From The Samurai by Shusaku Endo.
Gutierrez, Ed. “Samurai in Spain.” Japan Quarterly, Jan. 1, 2000.
Jones, Josh. “The 17th Century Japanese Samurai Who Sailed to Europe, Met the Pope & Became a Roman Citizen.” Open Culture. 11/29/2021. https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/the-17th-century-japanese-samurai-who-sailed-to-europe-met-the-pope-became-a-roman-citizen.html
Kamens, Edward. “’The Tale of Genji’ and ‘Yashima’ Screens in Local and Global Contexts.” Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin , 2007, Japanese Art at Yale (2007). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40514681
KCP International. “Hasekura Tsunenaga and his Travels.” KCP International Japanese Language School. 9/6/2017. https://www.kcpinternational.com/2017/09/hasekura-tsunenaga-and-his-travels/
Lee, Christina H. “The Perception of the Japanese in Early Modern Spain: Not Quite ‘The Best People Yet Discovered’.” eHumanista: Volume 11, 2008.
Massarella, Derek. “The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590).” The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590). February 2013. https://www.hakluyt.com/downloadable_files/Journal/Massarella.pdf
Mathes, W. Michael. “A Quarter Century of Trans-Pacific Diplomacy: New Spain and Japan, 1592-1617.” Journal of Asian History , 1990, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1990). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41925377
Musillo, Marco. “The Borghese papacy's reception of a samurai delegation and its fresco image at Palazzo del Quirinale, Rome.” From Western visions of the Far East in a transpacific age, 1522-1657. Ashgate, 2012.
Pasciuto, Greg. “Hasekura Tsunenaga: The Adventures of a Christian Samurai.” The Collector. 12/7/2022. https://www.thecollector.com/hasekura-tsunenaga-christian-samurai/
Sanabrais, Sofia. “’Spaniards of Asia’: The Japanese Presence in Colonial Mexico.” Bulletin of Portuguese Japanese Studies. 2009, 18/19. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/361/36129851009.pdf
Shigemi, Inaga. “Japanese Encounters with Latin America and Iberian Catholicism (1549–1973): Some Thoughts on Language, Imperialism, Identity Formation, and Comparative Research.” The Comparatist, Vol. 32 (MAY 2008). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26237176
Strusiewicz, Cezary Jan. “The Samurai Who Met the Pope.” Tokyo Weekender. 4/26/2021. https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/japanese-culture/the-samurai-who-met-the-pope/
Theroux, Marcel. “The samurai who charmed the courts of Europe.” The Guardian. 6/7/2020. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/jun/07/hasekura-rokuemon-tsunenaga-japan-samurai-charmed-courts-europe
Tucci, Giuseppe. “Japanese Ambassadors as Roman Patricians.” East and West , JULY 1951, Vol. 2, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757935

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Ruby Payne-Scott May 22, 2023

Ruby Payne-Scott is often called a pioneer in radio astronomy, but she was also a pioneer in advocating for women’s rights. She was clearly brilliant, but her work was cut short by her desire to have a spouse and a family.

Erickson, Dorothy. “Payne-Scott, Ruby Violet (1912 - 1981).” THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OFWOMEN & LEADERSHIP IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY AUSTRALIA. https://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0692b.htm
M. Goss and Claire Hooker. “Payne-Scott, Ruby Violet (1912–1981).” Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/payne-scott-ruby-violet-15036/text26233
Halleck, Rebecca. “Overlooked No More: Ruby Payne-Scott, Who Explored Space With Radio Waves.” New York Times. August 29, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/obituaries/ruby-payne-scott-overlooked.html
“What is an Interferometer?” LIGO Caltech. https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/what-is-interferometer#:~:text=Interferometers%20are%20investigative%20tools%20used,%2Dmeter'%2C%20or%20interferometer.
Marr, Jonathan M. et al. “Demonstrating the Principles of Aperture Synthesis with the Very Small Radio Telescope.” Bridgewater State University, Virtual Commons. Physics Faculty Publications. 2011. https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=physics_fac#:~:text=In%20aperture%20synthesis%20a%20number,signals%20can%20also%20be%20added
Robertson, Peter. “Pawsey, Joseph Lade (Joe) (1908–1962).” Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pawsey-joseph-lade-joe-11353/text2027
“Our History.” AWA Technology Services. http://www.awa.com.au/about-us/our-history/
“Hall (nee Payne Scott), Ruby Violet.” The Sydney Morning Herald. Obituaries. May 30, 1981. https://www.newspapers.com/image/122698551/?terms=Ruby%20Payne-Scott&match=1
Ward, Colin. “Ruby Payne-Scott [1912-1981].” CSIROpedia. March 23, 2011. https://csiropedia.csiro.au/payne-scott-ruby/
“Magnetism and Life.” For Worth Start Telegraph. March 29, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/635960090/?terms=Ruby%20Payne%20Scott&match=1
Freeman, Joan. “A Passion for Physics: The Story of a Woman Physicist.” CRC Press. 1991.
“Our History.” CSIRO. https://www.csiro.au/en/about/achievements/our-history
Goss, W. M. and Richard McGee. “Under the Radar: The First The First Woman in Radio Astronomy: Ruby Payne-Scott.” Springer Science & Business Media. 2009.
Goss, W. M. “Making Waves: The Story of Ruby Payne-Scott: Australian Pioneer Radio Astronomer.” Springer. 2013.

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SYMHC Classics: Levi Strauss May 20, 2023

This 2018 episode covers Levi Strauss, whose life story touches on a lot of important moments in U.S. history. His business was tied to the California Gold Rush, the U.S. Civil War and American clothing culture.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Goose and Chicken May 19, 2023

Tracy talks about the likely wrap up of the Mother Goose series. Holly shares a story about growing up with chickens.

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The Chicken of Tomorrow May 17, 2023

In the 1940s the U.S. Department of Agriculture and A&P supermarkets teamed up to hold a contest to see who could breed the meatiest, most efficient, most visually appealing chicken.

Research:

Audio Productions inc. “The Chicken of Tomorrow.” Documentary. (1948).
Boyd, William. “Making Meat: Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production.” Technology and Culture , Oct., 2001, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Oct., 2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25147798
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Robert Bakewell". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Bakewell. Accessed 21 April 2023.
Bugos, Glenn E. “Intellectual Property Protection in the American Chicken-Breeding Industry.” The Business History Review , Spring, 1992, Vol. 66, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3117055
Cook, Robert E. et al. “How Chicken on a Sunday Became an Anyday Treat.” USDA. 1975. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/CAIN769013731
Cornell University. “Backyard Revival: American Heritage Poultry.” https://exhibits.library.cornell.edu/backyard-revival-american-heritage-poultry
Elfick, Dominic. “A Brief History of Broiler Selection: How Chicken Became a Global Food Phenomenon in 50 Years.” Aviagen. http://en.aviagen.com/assets/Sustainability/50-Years-of-Selection-Article-final.pdf
Horowitz, Roger. “Making the Chicken of Tomorrow: Reworking Poultry as Commodities and as Creatures, 1945-1990.” From “Industrializing Organisms.” Susan R. Schrepfer and Philip Scranton, editors. Routledge. 2003.
Killgrove, Kristina. “Ancient DNA Explains How Chickens Got To The Americas.” Forbes. 11/23/2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2017/11/23/ancient-dna-explains-how-chickens-got-to-the-americas/
Laatsch, David R. “The ‘Chicken of Tomorrow.’” University of Wisconsin-Madison. Livestock Division of Extension. https://livestock.extension.wisc.edu/articles/the-chicken-of-tomorrow/
Long, Tom. “Henry Saglio; his breeding knowhow changed poultry industry.” Boston.com. 12/26/2003. http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2003/12/16/henry_saglio_his_breeding_knowhow_changed_poultry_industry/
McKenna, Maryn. “The Surprising Origin of Chicken as a Dietary Staple.” National Geographic. 5/1/2018. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/poultry-food-production-agriculture-mckenna
Peters, Joris et al. “The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens.” PNAS. Vol. 119, No. 24. June 2022. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2121978119
Short, Michael. “Delmarva’s $4.8 Billion Chicken Industry Was Accidentally Hatched 100 Years Ago.” Lancaster Farming. 2/19/2023. https://www.lancasterfarming.com/farming-news/poultry/delmarva-s-4-8-billion-chicken-industry-was-accidentally-hatched-100-years-ago/article_36af9702-f119-51d1-a122-aee4b78955ce.html
Shrader H.L. “The Chicken-of-Tomorrow Program; Its Influence on ‘Meat-Type’ Poultry Production.” Poultry Science. Volume 31, Issue 1, 1 January 1952, Pages 3-10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119513013
Wiehoff, Dale. “How the Chicken of Tomorrow became the Chicken of the World.” Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. 3/26/2013. https://www.iatp.org/blog/201303/how-the-chicken-of-tomorrow-became-the-chicken-of-the-world

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Six Impossible Episodes: Mother Goose 3 May 15, 2023

It's our third installment of shows about the origins of Mother Goose nursery rhymes. Spoiler alert: Many of the real stories are hard to pin down.

Research:

Cheadle, Roberta Eaton. “Dark Origins – Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush.” Writing To Be Read. https://writingtoberead.com/2021/06/30/dark-origins-here-we-go-round-the-mulberry-bush/
Historic UK. “More Nursery Rhymes.” 4/15/2015. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/More-Nursery-Rhymes/
Halliwell-Phillipps, J. O. “Popular rhymes and nursery tales : a sequel to the Nursery rhymes of England .” London : John Russell Smith. 1849.
Howard, Jennifer. “The Realities Behind the Rhymes.” Washington Post. 6/11/1997. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/1997/06/11/the-realities-behind-the-rhymes/9fbd7d36-4bb9-4fc0-af38-58fbe3fb7e43/
Ker, John Bellenden. “An essay on the archaiology [sic] of popular English phrases and nursery rhymes.” London. Whittaker. 1834. https://archive.org/details/b29309670/
Littlechild, Chris. “The Egg-Citing Truth Behind Humpty Dumpty.” Ripley’s. 7/4/2019. https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/humpty-dumpty/
Opie, Iona Archibald and Peter Opie. “The Singing Game.” Oxford University Press. 1998.
Opie, Iona and Peter. “The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes.” Oxford University Press. 1997.
Overstreet, Mikkaka. “10 Disturbing Nursery Rhyme Origin Stories to Celebrate Nursery Rhyme Week.” Book Riot. 11/4/2021. https://bookriot.com/nursery-rhyme-origin-stories/
Seaver, Carl. “The Strange Historical Origins of the Humpty Dumpty Nursery Rhyme.” History Defined. 1/24/2023. https://www.historydefined.net/humpty-dumpty-history/
Tearle, Oliver. “A Short Analysis of the ‘Hickory Dickory Dock’ Nursery Rhyme.” Interesting Literature. 9/2018. https://interestingliterature.com/2018/09/a-short-analysis-of-the-hickory-dickory-dock-nursery-rhyme-history-origins/
Tearle, Oliver. “A Short Analysis of the ‘Sing a Song of Sixpence’ Nursery Rhyme.” Interesting Literature. https://interestingliterature.com/2018/10/a-short-analysis-of-the-sing-a-song-of-sixpence-nursery-rhyme-origins-history/
Thomas, Katherine Elwes. “The Real Personages Of Mother Goose.” Lothrop, Lee & Shepard. 1930.
Wood, Jennifer M. “The Dark and Mysterious Origins of 10 Classic Nursery Rhymes.” Mental Floss. 10/28/2015. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/55035/dark-origins-11-classic-nursery-rhymes

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SYMHC Classics: Julian of Norwich May 13, 2023

This 2019 episode covers Julian of Norwich, a medieval mystic who wrote down her visions, which she called showings. In this episode, we talk about her life in context of mysticism and how it fit into the context of Christianity in medieval Europe.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Birth Year and Buildings May 12, 2023

Tracy talks through the many paths she went down trying to track down Wautier's birth year. The hosts also discuss Louis Sullivan's incredibly quotable autobiography.

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Louis Henry Sullivan May 10, 2023

Louis Sullivan was an architect working in Chicago at the dawn of the skyscraper. He sought to define a new, bold style of design in the U.S., and was deeply frustrated when his peers didn’t do the same.

Research:

Sullivan, Louis. “An Autobiography of an Idea.” Dover Architecture. 2012. Kindle Edition.
“Louis Sullivan.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/louis-sullivan/
“Auditorium Building.” Chicago Architecture Center. https://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/buildings-of-chicago/building/auditorium-building/
Smith, Mark Richard. “Louis Sullivan – The Struggle for American Architecture.” Whitecap Films. 2010.
“Charnley-Persky House Museum.” https://www.sah.org/about-sah/charnley-persky-house
Glancey, Jonathan. “The city that changed architecture forever.” BBC Culture. October 5, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20150930-chicago-birthplace-of-the-skyscraper
“Auditorium Theater.” https://auditoriumtheatre.org/
Chewning, John Andrew. “William Robert Ware and the beginnings of architectural education in the United States, 1861-1881.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1986. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/14983
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Dankmar Adler". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dankmar-Adler
Koeper, H.F.. "Louis Sullivan". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Sullivan
Lowe, David Garrard. “Architecture: The First Chicago School.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/62.html
“World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.” American Experience. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/chicago-worlds-columbian-exposition-1893/
Crook, David H. “Louis Sullivan and the Golden Doorway.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, vol. 26, no. 4, 1967, pp. 250–58. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/988451
Mumford, Mark. “Form Follows Nature: The Origins of American Organic Architecture.” Journal of Architectural Education (1984-), vol. 42, no. 3, 1989, pp. 26–37. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1425061
Gary C. Meyer. “Louis Sullivan’s Columbus Jewel Box.” The Wisconsin Magazine of History, vol. 88, no. 3, 2005, pp. 2–17. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4637133
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "William Le Baron Jenney". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Le-Baron-Jenney

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Michaelina Wautier, Flemish Baroque Master May 08, 2023

Flemish painter Michaelina Wautier’s style was realistic and detailed, with a dark, almost somber color palette. And for a long time, she remained an unknown, even among art historians.

Research:

Atkins, Christopher D.M. and Jeffrey Muller, editors. “Michaelina Wautier and The Five Senses: Innovation in 17th-Century Flemish Painting.” CNA Studies. December 2022. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 2022.
Atkins, Christopher and Alyssa Trejo. Email correspondence. Center for Netherlandish Art, Museum of Fine Arts Boston. 4/12/2023.
“Six Paintings by 17th-Century Artist Michaelina Wautier Sought by Rubens House.” 4/26/2017. https://www.codart.nl/art-works/six-paintings-17th-century-artist-michaelina-wautier-sought-rubens-house/
Dill, Vithória Konzen. “5 Things You Should Know About Michaelina Wautier.” Daily Art Magazine. 1/8/2023. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/michaelina-wautier/
Esterow, Milton. “For Centuries, Her Art Was Forgotten, or Credited to Men. No More.” New York Times. 12/5/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/arts/design/michaelina-wautier-artist-boston.html
Kairis, Pierre-Yves. “Interview with Pierre-Yves Kairis.” MAS. https://mas.be/en/page/interview-pierre-yves-kairis
Kimball, Jill. “Student-curated MFA Boston exhibition spotlights long-forgotten female Flemish painter.” Brown University. 12/7/2022. https://www.brown.edu/news/2022-12-07/wautier
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. “Looking at the Overlooked: A live conversation on the life and work of Michaelina Woutier.” Via YouTube. 12/9/2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJArJm9kR7Q
“Michaelina Baroque’s Leading Lady.” Exhibition pamphlet. 2018.
McCouat, Philip. “Forgotten Women Artists #4: Michaelina Wautier: Entering the Limelight After 300 Years.” Journal of Art in Society. 2019. https://www.artinsociety.com/forgotten-women-artists-4-michaelina-wautier-entering-the-limelight-after-300-years.html
Museum of Fine Arts Boston. “Michaelina Wautier and ‘The Five Senses’.” https://www.mfa.org/gallery/michaelina-wautier-and-the-five-senses
Needleman, Sam. “Michaelina’s Boys.” The New York Review. 3/12/2023. https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/03/12/michaelinas-boys/
Nordenfalk, Carl. “The Five Senses in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes , 1985, Vol. 48 (1985). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/751209
Van der Stighelen, Katlijne. “CHAPTER 6 Anna Francisca de Bruyns (1604/5–1656), Artist, Wife and Mother: a Contextual Approach to Her Forgotten Artistic Career.” Women and Gender in the Early Modern Low Countries, 2019. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctvrxk3hp.12
Van der Stighelen, Katlijne. “‘Doing justice to an artist no one knows is quite an undertaking’.” Apollo Magazine. 7/2/2018. https://www.apollo-magazine.com/doing-justice-to-an-artist-no-one-knows-is-quite-an-undertaking/
Van der Stighelen, Katlijne. “Michaelina Wautier 1604-1689: Glorifying a Forgotten Talent.” Rubenshuis and BAI Publishers. Translated. 2018.

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SYMHC Classics: Artemisia Gentileschi May 06, 2023

This 2015 episode covers Artemisia Gentileschi, often called the greatest female painter of the Baroque period. Her work is extraordinary, and reflects the influences of her father Orazio Gentileschi and Caravaggio.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Very Theatrical May 05, 2023

Holly and Tracy discuss the commercial nature of Canaletto's work. They also talk about how Lully managed to achieve his many ambitions.

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Jean-Baptiste Lully May 03, 2023

Jean-Baptistle Lully is perhaps best known for the unusual circumstances of his death. But he lived a fascinating life that would rival any fictional rags-to-riches story.

Research:

James R. Anthony. “Lully’s Airs. French or Italian?” The Musical Times, vol. 128, no. 1729, 1987, pp. 126–29. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/964491
Brett, Philip. “Issues in Music and Sexuality in the Long Eighteenth Century.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, vol. 33, no. 1, 2007, pp. 69–77. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41299400
Fairleigh, James P. “Lully as ‘Secrétaire Du Roi.’” Bach, vol. 15, no. 4, 1984, pp. 16–22. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41640222
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Baroque music". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/art/Baroque-music.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "the Fronde". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Feb. 2014, https://www.britannica.com/event/The-Fronde
Anthony, James R. “The New Grove French Baroque Masters: Lully, Charpentier, Lalande, Couperin, Rameau.” New York. Norton. 1986. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/newgrovefrenchba00anth/page/30/mode/2up?view=theater
“The Sun King’s Musician, 1632-1687.” Chateau de Versailles. https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/great-characters/lully
“Jean Baptiste Lully.” New World Encyclopedia. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jean_Baptiste_Lully

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Canaletto May 01, 2023

Canaletto rose to fame painting remarkable views of Venice. He became especially popular with wealthy tourists, who commissioned his paintings as souvenirs of their travels.

Research:

Constable, William G.. "Canaletto". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Canaletto
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "War of the Austrian Succession". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-the-Austrian-Succession
Binion, A., & Barton, L. Canaletto. Grove Art Online.Retrieved 17 Apr. 2023, from https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000013627
“The Stonemason’s Yard.” The National Gallery. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/canaletto-the-stonemasons-yard
“London: Interior of the Rotunda at Ranelagh.” The National Gallery. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/canaletto-london-interior-of-the-rotunda-at-ranelagh
“Canaletto’s Drawings.” Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-in-venice/the-queens-gallery-palace-of-holyroodhouse/canalettos-drawings
Baetjer, Katherine and J.G. Links. “Canaletto.” Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1989. Accessed through The Met: Watson Library Digital Collections. https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/49280
“Imaginary View of Venice.” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/335287#:~:text=It%20was%20in%20these%20years,representing%20actual%20sites%2C%20others%20imaginary.
Erkelens, C. J. (2020). Perspective on Canaletto’s Paintings of Piazza San Marco in Venice, Art & Perception, 8(1), 49-67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134913-20191131
“Canaletto.” The Art Story. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/canaletto/
“Canaletto.” National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1080.html?artistId=1080&pageNumber=1
“Piazzo San Marco.” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/435839
“Architectural Capriccio.” https://www.themorgan.org/collection/drawings/141078
“Owen McSwiney.” The Fitzwilliam Museum. https://fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/objects-and-artworks/highlights/context/patrons-donors-collectors/owen-mcswiny

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SYMHC Classics: Great Zimbabwe Apr 29, 2023

This 2017 episode covers Great Zimbabwe, a massive stone city in southeastern Africa that was a thriving trade center from the 11th to 15th centuries. When Europeans learned of it in the 16th century, they were certain it wasn't African at all.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Head Canon Intrigues Apr 28, 2023

Tracy and Holly discuss the ways they speculate about the backstories of the many finds that appear on Unearthed!

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Unearthed! in Spring 2023, Part 2 Apr 26, 2023

To wrap up Unearthed! for spring 2023, we've got potpourri, jewelry and adornments, edibles and potables, mistaken identity stories, repatriations, and the always popular shipwrecks.

Research:

Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater
Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible’ Roman bathers’ gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian’s Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall
Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516
Amundsen, Bard. “World’s oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science Norway. 1/17/2023. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-language-runes/worlds-oldest-rune-stone-found-in-norway-archaeologists-believe/2141404
1/12/2023. “Archaeology: 4,500-year-old ostrich eggs found in Israel.” https://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/culture/2023/01/12/archaeology-4500-year-old-ostrich-eggs-found-in-israel_899fa202-941d-4520-8be4-28397c1d89fc.html
ArtNet News. “Art Industry News: The Met Will Repatriate 15 Sculptures Linked to Disgraced Dealer Subhash Kapoor + Other Stories.” 3/31/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-industry-news-march-31-2023-2278598
ArtNet News. “Researchers in Vietnam Discovered That Two Deer Antlers Languishing in Museum Storage Are Actually 2,000-Year-Old Musical Instruments.” 2/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/deer-antler-long-an-museum-storage-earliest-known-stringed-instruments-2261298
Bacon, B., Khatiri, A., Palmer, J., Freeth, T., Pettitt, P., & Kentridge, R. (2023). An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000415
BBC News. “Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery.” 1/5/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64162799
BBC News. “Oldest tartan found to date back to 16th Century.” 3/26/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-65081312
“Comb made from human skull found among A14 artefacts.” 2/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-64797376
“Mary Queen of Scots: Secret letters written during imprisonment decoded.” 2/8/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-64568222
Begg, Tristin James Alexander et al. “Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven.” Current Biology. 3/22/2023. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)00181-1
Berger, Michele W. “At a southern Iraq site, unearthing the archaeological passing of time.” Penn Today. 1/23/2023. https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/lagash-southern-iraq-site-unearthing-archaeological-passing-time
Bernardi, Dan. “In “an international act of diplomacy,” Syracuse University alumnus Brennen Ferguson ’19 helps repatriate ceremonial Native American items from a museum in Geneva, Switzerland..” Syracuse 3/10/2023. https://thecollege.syr.edu/news-all/news-2023/sacred-indigenous-objects-find-their-way-home/
Brooks, James. “Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure.” Associated Press. 3/8/2023. https://apnews.com/article/gold-god-odin-norse-denmark-buried-ca2959e460f7af301a19083b6eec7df4
Burakoff, Maddie. “What made Beethoven sick? DNA from his hair offers clues.” Associated Press. 3/22/2023. https://apnews.com/article/beethoven-dna-hair-deaf-liver-d2d8c50fdd951eb5f5b9fdae00f795a3
Cascone, Sarah. “Ancient Stone Tools Once Thought to be Made by Humans Were Actually Crafted by Monkeys, Say Archaeologists.” ArtNet. 1/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-tools-monkeys-2237820
CBS Baltimore Staff. “Maryland archaeologists find West African spirit cache at Harriet Tubman's birthplace.” 2/14/2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/harriet-tubman-west-african-spirit-cache-found-dorchester-county-maryland/
Correa-Lau J, Agüero C, Splitstoser J, Echenique E, Martens T, Santoro CM (2023) Inka Unku: Imperial or provincial? State-local relations. PLoS ONE 18(2): e0280511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280511
Davies, Caroline. “‘Remarkable’: Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship.” The Guardian. 1/27/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/27/remarkable-eastbourne-shipwreck-identified-as-17th-century-dutch-warship
De Cupere, Bea. “Newly discovered crocodile mummies of variable quality from an undisturbed tomb at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt).” PLOS One. 1/18/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279137#sec024
Dedovic, Yaz. “Mysterious new behavior seen in whales may be recorded in ancient manuscripts.” EurekAlert. 2/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980816
Devlin, Hannah. “Discovery of 3m-year-old stone tools sparks prehistoric whodunnit.” The Guardian. 2/9/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/09/discovery-ancient-stone-tools-prehistoric-mystery-whodunnit
Dijkstra, Mischa. “‘Golden boy’ mummy was protected by 49 precious amulets, CT scans reveal.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977129
Duncan-Pitt, Lindsey. “It’s not a Roman dildo, it’s a drop spindle.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/26/its-not-a-roman-dildo-its-a-drop-spindle
El-Aref , Nevine. “Ancient Egypt’s Ramses II temple reveals animal mummy menagerie.” AhramOnline. 3/25/2023. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/492386.aspx
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 2,000-Year-Old Gemstones in Drain Beneath a Roman Bathhouse.” Smithsonian. 2/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-gems-over-2000-years-old-found-in-roman-baths-180981566/
Feldman, Ella. “French Museum Will Return ‘Talking Drum’ to Ivory Coast.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/french-museum-returns-talking-drum-to-ivory-coast-180981577/
Field Museum. “Authentic 3,000-Year-Old Bronze Age sword put on display at Field Museum.” 1/16/2023. https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/press/authentic-3-000-year-old-bronze-age-sword-put-on-display-at-field-museum
Gammelby, Peter. “New research uncovers the "water" mystery of the first large city in southern Africa.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977674
Handwerk, Brian. “This Man Underwent Brain Surgery 3,500 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/in-roughly-1500-bce-this-middle-eastern-man-underwent-brain-surgery-180981679/
Henton, Lesley. “Texas A&M-led research team identifies oldest bone spear point In the Americas.” Texas A&M University via EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978632
Hirsch, Arthur. “How the $75,000 Whaling Museum thefts went down.” New Bedford Light. 2/21/2023. https://newbedfordlight.org/how-the-75000-whaling-museum-thefts-went-down/
Kuta, Sarah. “5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq.” Smithsonian. 1/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/5000-year-old-tavern-discovered-in-iraq-180981564/
Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth 3,000-Year-Old Wishing Well in Germany.” Smithsonian. 1/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-3000-year-old-wishing-well-in-germany-180981428/
Kuta, Sarah. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html
Kuta, Sarah. “Is This Wooden Artifact an Ancient Roman Phallus?” Smithsonian. 2/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-was-this-2000-year-old-phallus-used-for-180981693/
Kuta, Sarah. “Neanderthals Hunted and Butchered Massive Elephants 125,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-hunted-and-butchered-massive-elephants-125000-years-ago-180981578/
Kuta, Sarah. “Neutron Imaging Reveals Tiny Bones Inside 800-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian. 1/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neutrons-help-scientists-see-inside-800-year-old-pendant-and-find-tiny-bones-180981444/
Larson, Shannon. “‘It gives me chills’: Messages found in bottle on Cape Cod may have been left by World War II POWs.” Boston Globe. 2/1/2023. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/02/01/nation/it-gives-me-chills-messages-found-bottle-cape-cod-may-have-been-world-war-ii-pows/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Dispelling Rumors, Greece Has Rejected the British Museum’s Offer to Return the Parthenon Marbles as a Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 1/11/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/greece-rejects-british-museum-loan-deal-parthenon-marbles-2241261
net. “Heart-shaped pendant discovered in England.” 2/2023. https://www.medievalists.net/2023/02/heart-shaped-pendant-discovered-in-england/
Metcalfe, Tom. “Bronze Age ice skates with bone blades discovered in China.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/bronze-age-ice-skates-with-bone-blades-discovered-in-china
Metcalfe, Tom. “Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did.” LiveScience. 2/25/2023. https://www.livescience.com/painful-cross-shaped-incision-in-medieval-womans-skull-didnt-kill-her-but-second-surgery-did
“Milk residue found at ancient site on Tibetan Plateau.” China Daily. 2/14/2023. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/14/WS63eade74a31057c47ebae956.html
Morris, Steven. “‘3D medieval puzzle’: Newport ship to be reassembled from 2,500 pieces of timber.” The Guardian. 1/19/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/19/3d-medieval-puzzle-newport-ship-reassembled-2500-pieces-timber
Niazi, Asaad and Tony Gamal-Gabriel. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Neanderthals Dined on Crab 90,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-dined-on-crab-90000-years-ago-180981604/
Oltermann, Philip. “‘Blind chance’ or plot? Exhumation may help solve puzzle of 1933 Reichstag blaze.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/26/blind-chance-or-plot-exhumation-may-help-solve-puzzle-of-1933-reichstag-blaze
Orie, Amarachi. “World's oldest dated runestone discovered in Norway -- with a mysterious inscription.” CNN. 1/18/2023. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/worlds-oldest-runestone-norway-intl-scli-scn/index.html
Osborne, Margaret. “Ancient DNA Confirms the Origin Story of the Swahili People.” Smithsonian. 3/31/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-confirms-the-origin-story-of-the-swahili-people-180981909/
Parker, Christopher. “129-Year-Old Vessel Still Tethered to Lifeboat Found on Floor of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 3/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ironton-shipwreck-lake-huron-180981741/
“Looted ancient sarcophagus returned to Egypt from US.” 1/2/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-looted-ancient-sarcophagus-egypt.html
Public Library of Science. “Mummified crocodiles provide insights into mummy-making over time.” Phys.org. 1/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-mummified-crocodiles-insights-mummy-making.html
Schmall, Emily. “Stripping Confederate Ties, the U.S. Navy Renames Two Vessels.” New York Times. 3/11/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/us/navy-ship-confederate-robert-smalls.html
Shaw, Garry. “'Where the swords met bone': Archaeological evidence found of Ancient Egyptian rebellion mentioned on the Rosetta Stone.” The Art Newspaper. 1/27/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/01/27/where-the-swords-met-bone-archaeological-evidence-found-of-ancient-egyptian-rebellion-mentioned-on-the-rosetta-stone
Sherburne, Morgan. “Yak milk consumption among Mongol Empire elites.” Michigan News. 3/31/2023. https://news.umich.edu/yak-milk-consumption-among-mongol-empire-elites/
Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy. “Luxury fabrics from 1,300 years ago apparently from China, India and Sudan found in Arava.” The Jerusalem Post via MSN. 1/18/2023. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/luxury-fabrics-from-1300-years-ago-apparently-from-china-india-and-sudan-found-in-arava/ar-AA16uFqX
Sivaraman, R. “New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art to return 15 sculptures to India.” The Hindu. 3/31/2023. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/us-museum-to-return-15-antique-sculptures-linked-to-subash-kapoor/article66683728.ece
“National Museum of Asian Art Announces Historic Partnership With Republic of Yemen Government as U.S. Government Repatriates 77 Cultural Objects to Yemen.” 2/21/2023. https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/national-museum-asian-art-announces-historic-partnership-republic-yemen-government
The History Blog. “Medieval chess set DNA tested.” 3/26/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66860
The History Blog. “Replica” sword is authentic Bronze Age artifact.” 1/21/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66223
The History Blog. “Scotland’s oldest tartan found in Highlands bog.” 3/31/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66890
“The King's Mirror - Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61264/61264-h/61264-h.htm
Topping, Alexandra. “‘He did not want this’: one man’s two-decade quest to let the ‘Irish Giant’ rest in peace.” The Guardian. 1/14/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/14/he-did-not-want-this-one-mans-two-decade-quest-to-let-the-irish-giant-rest-in-peace
University at Albany. “New poem by famed early American poet Phillis Wheatley discovered.” Phys.org. 1/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-poem-famed-early-american-poet.html
University of South Florida. “A researcher's life's work uncovers first ancient DNA from Swahili civilization.” PhysOrg. 3/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-03-life-uncovers-ancient-dna-swahili.html
University of York. "Neolithic ceramics reveal dairy processing from milk of multiple species." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 March 2023. sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230314205400.htm
Voigt, Kathrin. “Neanderthals hunted elephants: Earliest evidence found of humans killing elephants for food.” EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978530
“1,300-year-old rice residue found at Tibetan ancient site.” 3/14/2023. https://english.news.cn/20230314/e547b3ff93c5458b8e9413ee389f3ac8/c.html
Yirka, Bob. “Trove of spices from around the world found on sunken fifteenth-century Norse ship.” Phys.org. 2/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-trove-spices-world-sunken-fifteenth-century.html

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Unearthed! in Spring 2023, Part 1 Apr 24, 2023

The first part of our spring 2023 edition of Unearthed! features updates, books and letters, fabric, mummies, and a whole bunch of stuff involving skulls or bones.

Research:

Agence France-Presse. “New Easter Island moai statue discovered in volcano crater.” The Guardian. 1/3/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/02/new-easter-island-moai-statue-discovered-in-volcano-crater
Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredible’ Roman bathers’ gems lost 2,000 years ago found near Hadrian’s Wall.” The Observer. 1/28/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jan/28/roman-bathers-gems-carved-stones-archaeologists-hadrians-wall
Amador, Marisela. “Swiss museum returns two artifacts to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy.” The Canadian Press. Town and Country Today. 2/22/2023. https://www.townandcountrytoday.com/beyond-local/swiss-museum-returns-two-artifacts-to-the-haudenosaunee-iroquois-confederacy-6589516
Amundsen, Bard. “World’s oldest rune stone found in Norway, archaeologists believe.” Science Norway. 1/17/2023. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-language-runes/worlds-oldest-rune-stone-found-in-norway-archaeologists-believe/2141404
1/12/2023. “Archaeology: 4,500-year-old ostrich eggs found in Israel.” https://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/culture/2023/01/12/archaeology-4500-year-old-ostrich-eggs-found-in-israel_899fa202-941d-4520-8be4-28397c1d89fc.html
ArtNet News. “Art Industry News: The Met Will Repatriate 15 Sculptures Linked to Disgraced Dealer Subhash Kapoor + Other Stories.” 3/31/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-industry-news-march-31-2023-2278598
ArtNet News. “Researchers in Vietnam Discovered That Two Deer Antlers Languishing in Museum Storage Are Actually 2,000-Year-Old Musical Instruments.” 2/27/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/deer-antler-long-an-museum-storage-earliest-known-stringed-instruments-2261298
Bacon, B., Khatiri, A., Palmer, J., Freeth, T., Pettitt, P., & Kentridge, R. (2023). An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S0959774322000415
BBC News. “Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery.” 1/5/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64162799
BBC News. “Oldest tartan found to date back to 16th Century.” 3/26/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-65081312
“Comb made from human skull found among A14 artefacts.” 2/28/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-64797376
“Mary Queen of Scots: Secret letters written during imprisonment decoded.” 2/8/2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-64568222
Begg, Tristin James Alexander et al. “Genomic analyses of hair from Ludwig van Beethoven.” Current Biology. 3/22/2023. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)00181-1
Berger, Michele W. “At a southern Iraq site, unearthing the archaeological passing of time.” Penn Today. 1/23/2023. https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/lagash-southern-iraq-site-unearthing-archaeological-passing-time
Bernardi, Dan. “In “an international act of diplomacy,” Syracuse University alumnus Brennen Ferguson ’19 helps repatriate ceremonial Native American items from a museum in Geneva, Switzerland..” Syracuse 3/10/2023. https://thecollege.syr.edu/news-all/news-2023/sacred-indigenous-objects-find-their-way-home/
Brooks, James. “Oldest reference to Norse god Odin found in Danish treasure.” Associated Press. 3/8/2023. https://apnews.com/article/gold-god-odin-norse-denmark-buried-ca2959e460f7af301a19083b6eec7df4
Burakoff, Maddie. “What made Beethoven sick? DNA from his hair offers clues.” Associated Press. 3/22/2023. https://apnews.com/article/beethoven-dna-hair-deaf-liver-d2d8c50fdd951eb5f5b9fdae00f795a3
Cascone, Sarah. “Ancient Stone Tools Once Thought to be Made by Humans Were Actually Crafted by Monkeys, Say Archaeologists.” ArtNet. 1/3/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-tools-monkeys-2237820
CBS Baltimore Staff. “Maryland archaeologists find West African spirit cache at Harriet Tubman's birthplace.” 2/14/2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/harriet-tubman-west-african-spirit-cache-found-dorchester-county-maryland/
Correa-Lau J, Agüero C, Splitstoser J, Echenique E, Martens T, Santoro CM (2023) Inka Unku: Imperial or provincial? State-local relations. PLoS ONE 18(2): e0280511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280511
Davies, Caroline. “‘Remarkable’: Eastbourne shipwreck identified as 17th-century Dutch warship.” The Guardian. 1/27/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/27/remarkable-eastbourne-shipwreck-identified-as-17th-century-dutch-warship
De Cupere, Bea. “Newly discovered crocodile mummies of variable quality from an undisturbed tomb at Qubbat al-Hawā (Aswan, Egypt).” PLOS One. 1/18/2023. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0279137#sec024
Dedovic, Yaz. “Mysterious new behavior seen in whales may be recorded in ancient manuscripts.” EurekAlert. 2/28/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980816
Devlin, Hannah. “Discovery of 3m-year-old stone tools sparks prehistoric whodunnit.” The Guardian. 2/9/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/09/discovery-ancient-stone-tools-prehistoric-mystery-whodunnit
Dijkstra, Mischa. “‘Golden boy’ mummy was protected by 49 precious amulets, CT scans reveal.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977129
Duncan-Pitt, Lindsey. “It’s not a Roman dildo, it’s a drop spindle.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/26/its-not-a-roman-dildo-its-a-drop-spindle
El-Aref , Nevine. “Ancient Egypt’s Ramses II temple reveals animal mummy menagerie.” AhramOnline. 3/25/2023. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/492386.aspx
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 2,000-Year-Old Gemstones in Drain Beneath a Roman Bathhouse.” Smithsonian. 2/2/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-gems-over-2000-years-old-found-in-roman-baths-180981566/
Feldman, Ella. “French Museum Will Return ‘Talking Drum’ to Ivory Coast.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/french-museum-returns-talking-drum-to-ivory-coast-180981577/
Field Museum. “Authentic 3,000-Year-Old Bronze Age sword put on display at Field Museum.” 1/16/2023. https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/press/authentic-3-000-year-old-bronze-age-sword-put-on-display-at-field-museum
Gammelby, Peter. “New research uncovers the "water" mystery of the first large city in southern Africa.” EurekAlert. 1/24/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/977674
Handwerk, Brian. “This Man Underwent Brain Surgery 3,500 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/22/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/in-roughly-1500-bce-this-middle-eastern-man-underwent-brain-surgery-180981679/
Henton, Lesley. “Texas A&M-led research team identifies oldest bone spear point In the Americas.” Texas A&M University via EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978632
Hirsch, Arthur. “How the $75,000 Whaling Museum thefts went down.” New Bedford Light. 2/21/2023. https://newbedfordlight.org/how-the-75000-whaling-museum-thefts-went-down/
Kuta, Sarah. “5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq.” Smithsonian. 1/1/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/5000-year-old-tavern-discovered-in-iraq-180981564/
Kuta, Sarah. “Archaeologists Unearth 3,000-Year-Old Wishing Well in Germany.” Smithsonian. 1/18/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-3000-year-old-wishing-well-in-germany-180981428/
Kuta, Sarah. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html
Kuta, Sarah. “Is This Wooden Artifact an Ancient Roman Phallus?” Smithsonian. 2/27/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-was-this-2000-year-old-phallus-used-for-180981693/
Kuta, Sarah. “Neanderthals Hunted and Butchered Massive Elephants 125,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-hunted-and-butchered-massive-elephants-125000-years-ago-180981578/
Kuta, Sarah. “Neutron Imaging Reveals Tiny Bones Inside 800-Year-Old Pendant.” Smithsonian. 1/17/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neutrons-help-scientists-see-inside-800-year-old-pendant-and-find-tiny-bones-180981444/
Larson, Shannon. “‘It gives me chills’: Messages found in bottle on Cape Cod may have been left by World War II POWs.” Boston Globe. 2/1/2023. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/02/01/nation/it-gives-me-chills-messages-found-bottle-cape-cod-may-have-been-world-war-ii-pows/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Dispelling Rumors, Greece Has Rejected the British Museum’s Offer to Return the Parthenon Marbles as a Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 1/11/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/greece-rejects-british-museum-loan-deal-parthenon-marbles-2241261
net. “Heart-shaped pendant discovered in England.” 2/2023. https://www.medievalists.net/2023/02/heart-shaped-pendant-discovered-in-england/
Metcalfe, Tom. “Bronze Age ice skates with bone blades discovered in China.” LiveScience. https://www.livescience.com/bronze-age-ice-skates-with-bone-blades-discovered-in-china
Metcalfe, Tom. “Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did.” LiveScience. 2/25/2023. https://www.livescience.com/painful-cross-shaped-incision-in-medieval-womans-skull-didnt-kill-her-but-second-surgery-did
“Milk residue found at ancient site on Tibetan Plateau.” China Daily. 2/14/2023. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202302/14/WS63eade74a31057c47ebae956.html
Morris, Steven. “‘3D medieval puzzle’: Newport ship to be reassembled from 2,500 pieces of timber.” The Guardian. 1/19/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/19/3d-medieval-puzzle-newport-ship-reassembled-2500-pieces-timber
Niazi, Asaad and Tony Gamal-Gabriel. “Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant.” Phys.org. 2/15/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-iraq-uncovers-year-pub-restaurant.html
Nowakowski, Teresa. “Neanderthals Dined on Crab 90,000 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 2/8/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-dined-on-crab-90000-years-ago-180981604/
Oltermann, Philip. “‘Blind chance’ or plot? Exhumation may help solve puzzle of 1933 Reichstag blaze.” The Guardian. 2/26/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/26/blind-chance-or-plot-exhumation-may-help-solve-puzzle-of-1933-reichstag-blaze
Orie, Amarachi. “World's oldest dated runestone discovered in Norway -- with a mysterious inscription.” CNN. 1/18/2023. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/worlds-oldest-runestone-norway-intl-scli-scn/index.html
Osborne, Margaret. “Ancient DNA Confirms the Origin Story of the Swahili People.” Smithsonian. 3/31/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-confirms-the-origin-story-of-the-swahili-people-180981909/
Parker, Christopher. “129-Year-Old Vessel Still Tethered to Lifeboat Found on Floor of Lake Huron.” Smithsonian. 3/3/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ironton-shipwreck-lake-huron-180981741/
“Looted ancient sarcophagus returned to Egypt from US.” 1/2/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-looted-ancient-sarcophagus-egypt.html
Public Library of Science. “Mummified crocodiles provide insights into mummy-making over time.” Phys.org. 1/18/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-mummified-crocodiles-insights-mummy-making.html
Schmall, Emily. “Stripping Confederate Ties, the U.S. Navy Renames Two Vessels.” New York Times. 3/11/2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/11/us/navy-ship-confederate-robert-smalls.html
Shaw, Garry. “'Where the swords met bone': Archaeological evidence found of Ancient Egyptian rebellion mentioned on the Rosetta Stone.” The Art Newspaper. 1/27/2023. https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/01/27/where-the-swords-met-bone-archaeological-evidence-found-of-ancient-egyptian-rebellion-mentioned-on-the-rosetta-stone
Sherburne, Morgan. “Yak milk consumption among Mongol Empire elites.” Michigan News. 3/31/2023. https://news.umich.edu/yak-milk-consumption-among-mongol-empire-elites/
Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy. “Luxury fabrics from 1,300 years ago apparently from China, India and Sudan found in Arava.” The Jerusalem Post via MSN. 1/18/2023. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/luxury-fabrics-from-1300-years-ago-apparently-from-china-india-and-sudan-found-in-arava/ar-AA16uFqX
Sivaraman, R. “New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art to return 15 sculptures to India.” The Hindu. 3/31/2023. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/us-museum-to-return-15-antique-sculptures-linked-to-subash-kapoor/article66683728.ece
“National Museum of Asian Art Announces Historic Partnership With Republic of Yemen Government as U.S. Government Repatriates 77 Cultural Objects to Yemen.” 2/21/2023. https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/national-museum-asian-art-announces-historic-partnership-republic-yemen-government
The History Blog. “Medieval chess set DNA tested.” 3/26/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66860
The History Blog. “Replica” sword is authentic Bronze Age artifact.” 1/21/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66223
The History Blog. “Scotland’s oldest tartan found in Highlands bog.” 3/31/2023. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/66890
“The King's Mirror - Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá.” https://www.gutenberg.org/files/61264/61264-h/61264-h.htm
Topping, Alexandra. “‘He did not want this’: one man’s two-decade quest to let the ‘Irish Giant’ rest in peace.” The Guardian. 1/14/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/jan/14/he-did-not-want-this-one-mans-two-decade-quest-to-let-the-irish-giant-rest-in-peace
University at Albany. “New poem by famed early American poet Phillis Wheatley discovered.” Phys.org. 1/24/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-01-poem-famed-early-american-poet.html
University of South Florida. “A researcher's life's work uncovers first ancient DNA from Swahili civilization.” PhysOrg. 3/29/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-03-life-uncovers-ancient-dna-swahili.html
University of York. "Neolithic ceramics reveal dairy processing from milk of multiple species." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 March 2023. sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230314205400.htm
Voigt, Kathrin. “Neanderthals hunted elephants: Earliest evidence found of humans killing elephants for food.” EurekAlert. 2/2/2023. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978530
“1,300-year-old rice residue found at Tibetan ancient site.” 3/14/2023. https://english.news.cn/20230314/e547b3ff93c5458b8e9413ee389f3ac8/c.html
Yirka, Bob. “Trove of spices from around the world found on sunken fifteenth-century Norse ship.” Phys.org. 2/10/2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-02-trove-spices-world-sunken-fifteenth-century.html

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SYMHC Classics: Air Conditioning Apr 22, 2023

This 2018 episode covers the many ways people have dealt with heat and humidity in history. As mechanical cooling became more ubiquitous, some of the cultural practices for keeping cool were made obsolete.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Drinks and Dyer Apr 21, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about their relationships with Shirley Temples and Negronis. Tracy then shares her attempt to chase down the location of Mary Dyer's execution.

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Mary Dyer and the Boston Martyrs Apr 19, 2023

Mary Dyer endured religious persecution and personal tragedy. Then, she was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for her religious activities.

Research:

Bremer, Francis J. "Dissenting Puritans: Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer." Historical Journal of Massachusetts, vol. 46, no. 1, winter 2018, pp. 22+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A530009148/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fe325ce2. Accessed 4 Apr. 2023.
Burns, Jesse. “The Antinomian Disputations.” Lutheran Reformation.org. 10/23/2017. https://lutheranreformation.org/history/the-antinomian-disputations/
Burrough, Edward and Royster, Paul , editor, "A Declaration of the Sad and Great Persecution and Martyrdom of the People of God, called Quakers, in New-England, for the Worshipping of God (1661)" (1661). Electronic Texts in American Studies. 23. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/etas/23
Canavan, Michael J. “Where Were The Quakers Hanged in Boston? A Paper Read Before the Bostonian Society, May 17, 1910.” Boston. Reprinted from the Proceedings. 1911. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044086361060
"Dyer, Mary." Colonial America Reference Library, edited by Peggy Saari and Julie L. Carnagie, vol. 3: Biographies: Volume 1, UXL, 2000, pp. 88-93. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3425300060/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d1836273. Accessed 4 Apr. 2023.
Gill, Catie. "Dyer [née Barrett], Mary (d. 1660), Quaker martyr in America." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 7 Apr. 2023, https://proxy.bostonathenaeum.org:2261/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-69098
Myles, Anne G. “From Monster to Martyr: Re-Presenting Mary Dyer.” Early American Literature , 2001, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057215
Pestana, Carla Gardina. “The Quaker Executions as Myth and History.” The Journal of American History , Sep., 1993, Vol. 80, No. 2 (Sep., 1993), pp.441-469. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2079866
Sconyers, Jake. Twitter conversation 4/8/2023. https://twitter.com/HUBhistory/status/1644847372285931532
Winsser, Johan. “Mary Dyer and the ‘Monster’ Story.” Quaker History , Spring 1990, Vol. 79, No. 1 (Spring 1990). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41947156
Winsser, Johan. “Quieting Mary Dyer: Edward Burrough and Dyer's Letter to the Massachusetts General Court, 26 October 1659.” Quaker History , Spring 2016, Vol. 105, No. 1 (Spring 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24896279

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Eponymous Drinks Apr 17, 2023

This edition of eponymous consumables features a drink named after a child star, a cocktail with a much-debated origin, and a brand of soda that may or may not have been named for a doctor.

Research:

“Dr. Pepper Drug Store to Close.” The Daily News Leader. April 7, 1994. https://www.newspapers.com/image/288796641/?clipping_id=57950269&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjI4ODc5NjY0MSwiaWF0IjoxNjc5OTY3NDc0LCJleHAiOjE2ODAwNTM4NzR9.EEq4KJ9NnYjObwXi-4eD3uuO8u4EcTnL7rphr6CvtKo
Davis, Bob. “Bob Davis Recalls.” Spokane Chronicle. June 25, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/562197576/?terms=negroni&match=1
Picchi, Luca. “Negroni Cocktail. An Italian Legend.” Giunti. 2015. Kindle edition.
Regan, Gary. “The Negroni.” Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed. 2015.
Boylan, Jennifer Finney. “The Negroni Is 100 Years Old — and the Perfect Cocktail for 2019.” New York Times. June 12, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/opinion/negroni-2019.html
Bishop, Katherine. “THE LAW; Shirley Temple: Celebrity or Generic Term?” New York Times. October 28, 1988. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/28/us/the-law-shirley-temple-celebrity-or-generic-term.html
Sutcliffe, Theodora. “Fosco Scarselli.” Difford’s Guuide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/encyclopedia/2873/people/fosco-scarselli
Bates, Kames. “Shirley Teed.” Los Angeles Times. Sept. 27, 1988. https://www.newspapers.com/image/405034465/?terms=shirley%20temple&match=1
Associated Press. “Shirley Temple Black Angry Over ‘Shirley T’ Soft Drink.” Sept. 16, 1988. https://apnews.com/article/319cc7747919df46564f875e041e4447
“Shirley Temple Wins Round.” Los Angeles Times. Oct. 31, 1988. https://www.newspapers.com/image/404972201/?terms=%22soda%20pop%20kids%22&match=1
Rothman, Lily, “Inside the Shirley Temple: How Did the Mocktail Get Its Name?” Time. Feb. 11, 2014. https://time.com/6659/shirley-temple-drink/
“Shirley Temple.” Biography. April 20, 2021. https://www.biography.com/actors/shirley-temple
Wondrich, David. “Imbibe!” Penguin, 2007.
Dart, Bob. “Dr. Pepper’s Drugstore Keeps His Secrets.” Detroit Free Press. April 17, 1994. https://www.newspapers.com/image/97516191/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjk3NTE2MTkxLCJpYXQiOjE2Nzk5Njc0NjIsImV4cCI6MTY4MDA1Mzg2Mn0.3vHBeoCmdb1ZIYZPIJK636tYWfr2k0xNjtRK6KdirFc
Reed, David. “Virginia Town Says It’s a Pepper, Too.” The Times Leader. March 15, 1992. https://www.newspapers.com/image/416033562/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjQxNjAzMzU2MiwiaWF0IjoxNjc5OTY3NDU5LCJleHAiOjE2ODAwNTM4NTl9.eKRjapmbt8ACx88O9EG2JhxQYEa-5jR2d28Oxhr6Kbs&clipping_id=57978378
“Negroni Cocktail.” Difford’s Guide. https://www.diffordsguide.com/g/1078/negroni-cocktail/negroni-story
Bellis, Mary. "The Early History of Dr Pepper." ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-dr-pepper-4070939.
Bellis, Mary. "The Early History of Dr Pepper." ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-dr-pepper-4070939.
Pepper Museum. “History.” https://drpeppermuseum.com/history/
Hawthorne, Rusty. "New Evidence Negroni was Invented in Africa – Sorry Italy." Drinking Cup. https://web.archive.org/web/20190722110015/http://www.drinkingcup.net/negroni-invented-africa-sorry-italy/

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SYMHC Classics: Crash at Crush Apr 15, 2023

This 2017 episode covers a window from the late 1800s to the early 1900s, people in the United States were watching train wrecks for fun. These staged spectacles would draw thousands and thousands of paying onlookers, but why exactly were they so popular?

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Joplin and Ockham Apr 14, 2023

Tracy talks about how long she's wanted to cover Scott Joplin, and the way his cause of death is often omitted from accounts. Holly then mentions the long reaching tendrils of the papacy in 14th century politics.

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William of Ockham Apr 12, 2023

William of Ockham is best known today for the model of problem solving known as Ockham’s (or Occam’s) Razor. But the event that defined his life was an argument with Pope John XXII.

Research:

Lieberich, Heinz. "Louis IV". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor
Kilcullen, John. “Ockham’s Political Writings.” “The Cambridge Companion to Ockham. Cambridge University Press. 1999. Republished online: http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/dialogus/polth.html
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Peter Lombard". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Aug. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Lombard
Gál, Gedeon, O.F.M. "William of Ockham Died "impenitent" in April 1347." Franciscan Studies, vol. 42, 1982, p. 90-95. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/frc.1982.0011
Lambert, M. D. “THE FRANCISCAN CRISIS UNDER JOHN XXII.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 32, 1972, pp. 123–43. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44000287
Donovan, Stephen M. “Bonagratia of Bergamo.” Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/bonagratia-of-bergamo
Nold, Patrick. “Pope John XXII’s Annotations on the Franciscan Rule: Content and Contexts.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 65, 2007, pp. 295–324. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975430
Knysh, George. “BIOGRAPHICAL RECTIFICATIONS CONCERNING OCKHAM’S AVIGNON PERIOD.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 46, 1986, pp. 61–91. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975065
Spade, Paul Vincent. “William of Ockham.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. March 5, 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/
Vignaux, Paul D.. "William of Ockham". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-of-Ockham

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Scott Joplin Apr 10, 2023

During his life, Scott Joplin said that people would not appreciate his music until 50 years after his death. And he wasn’t wrong, though now he’s often called the king of ragtime writers.

Research:

"Man causes tens of thousands of dollars in damage to Scott Joplin House." St. Louis Post-Dispatch [St. Louis, MO], 4 Oct. 2022, p. A1. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A721049996/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a37ef18c. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
"Scott Joplin." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631003443/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e60386d7. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
"Scott Joplin." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000255/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4d8ac701. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
"Scott Joplin." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2419200616/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4e235f3d. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023.
Albrecht, Theodore. “Joplin, Scott,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed March 22, 2023, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/joplin-scott.
Ames, Eric. “Scott Joplin’s “Great Crush Collision March” and the Memorialization of a Marketing Spectacle.” The Baylor Digital Collections Blog. 4/19/2012. https://blogs.baylor.edu/digitalcollections/2012/04/19/scott-joplin%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cgreat-crush-collision-march-and-the-memorialization-of-a-marketing-spectacle/
Baumann, Timothy et al. “Interpreting Uncomfortable History at the Scott Joplin House State Historic Site in St. Louis, Missouri.” The Public Historian , Vol. 33, No. 2 (Spring 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/tph.2011.33.2.37
Berlin, Ed. “Scott Joplin - the man and his music.” The Scott Joplin Ragtime Festival. https://www.scottjoplin.org/joplin-biography.html
Berlin, Edward A. “King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era.” 2nd Oxford University press. 2016.
Clark, Philip. “Scott Joplin's ragtime gets its dues.” The Guardian. 1/22/2014. https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/jan/22/scott-joplin-ragtime-josh-rifkin-the-sting
Gross, Klaus-Dieter. “The Politics of Scott Joplin's ‘Treemonisha.’” Amerikastudien / American Studies , 2000, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2000). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41157951
Kjemtrup, Inge. “Scott Joplin and the history of ragtime.” Pianist. 10/8/2020. https://www.pianistmagazine.com/blogs/scott-joplin-and-the-history-of-ragtime/

Vadukul, Alex. “The Forgotten Entertainer Rag.” New York Times. 5/24/2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/nyregion/remembering-scott-joplin.html

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SYMHC Classics: Magnus Hirschfeld Apr 08, 2023

This 2018 episode covers Magnus Hirschfeld, a groundbreaking researcher into gender and sexuality in Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work was dedicated to scientific study with the hope of dispelling stigma around homosexuality.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Caroline’s Trials Apr 07, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about theories regarding Caroline and Lord Melbourne and whether they had a romantic relationship. They also discuss how little recourse a woman in Caroline’s situation had in the 19th century.

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Caroline Sheridan Norton, Part 2 Apr 05, 2023

After Caroline Sheridan Norton’s husband once again tried to destroy her life, she lobbied for another change in English law. This time, she worked to gain equal legal treatment for women in divorces.

Research:

Reynolds, K. D. "Norton [née Sheridan], Caroline Elizabeth Sarah [other married name Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Stirling Maxwell, Lady Stirling Maxwell] (1808–1877), author and law reform campaigner." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 25. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Mar. 2023, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-20339
Oliphant, Margaret, et al. “Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's Reign - A Book of Appreciations.” Ballantyne. 1897. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/36641/pg36641.txt
Norton, Caroline. “A LETTER TO THE QUEEN ON LORD CHANCELLOR CRANWORTH'S MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE BILL.” Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. London. 1855. Accessed oline: https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/alttq/alttq.html
“NORTON, CAROLINE (1808–1877).” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/caroline-norton/
Holmes, Ann Sumner. “The Double Standard in the English Divorce Laws, 1857–1923.” Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, 1995, pp. 601–620., doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb01071.x.
Langley, Samuel. “The Laureateship.” Daily News. May 15, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/390815598/?terms=%22Caroline%20Norton%22&match=1
Abramowicz, Sarah. “English Child Custody Law, 1660-1839: The Origins of Judicial Intervention in Paternal Custody.” Columbia Law Review, vol. 99, no. 5, 1999, pp. 1344–92. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1123459
Diane, Atkinson. “The Criminal Conversation of Mrs. Norton.” London. Preface Publishing. 2012.
Norton, Caroline Sheridan. “A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor on the Infant Custody Bill.” London. 1839. Accessed online through Indiana University: https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7126&chunk.id=d1e495&toc.id=&brand=vwwp;query=#docView
Tomalin, Claire. “Several Strangers: Writing from Three Decades.” Viking. 1999.
Forster, Margaret. “Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism, 1839-1939.” Vintage Books. 2004.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Caroline Norton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Norton
Norton, C.N. “ENGLISH LAWS FOR WOMEN IN The Nineteenth Century.” London. 1854. Accessed online through University of Pennsylvania: http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/elfw/elfw.html

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Caroline Sheridan Norton, Part 1 Apr 03, 2023

Caroline Sheridan Norton’s left an abusive marriage in 1835. She then turned her skill as a writer into a lobby for legislation that would enable mothers in England to get custody of their young children.

Research:

Reynolds, K. D. "Norton [née Sheridan], Caroline Elizabeth Sarah [other married name Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Stirling Maxwell, Lady Stirling Maxwell] (1808–1877), author and law reform campaigner." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 25. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Mar. 2023, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-20339
Oliphant, Margaret, et al. “Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's Reign - A Book of Appreciations.” Ballantyne. 1897. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/36641/pg36641.txt
Norton, Caroline. “A LETTER TO THE QUEEN ON LORD CHANCELLOR CRANWORTH'S MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE BILL.” Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. London. 1855. Accessed oline: https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/alttq/alttq.html
“NORTON, CAROLINE (1808–1877).” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/caroline-norton/
Holmes, Ann Sumner. “The Double Standard in the English Divorce Laws, 1857–1923.” Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, 1995, pp. 601–620., doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb01071.x.
Langley, Samuel. “The Laureateship.” Daily News. May 15, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/390815598/?terms=%22Caroline%20Norton%22&match=1
Abramowicz, Sarah. “English Child Custody Law, 1660-1839: The Origins of Judicial Intervention in Paternal Custody.” Columbia Law Review, vol. 99, no. 5, 1999, pp. 1344–92. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1123459
Diane, Atkinson. “The Criminal Conversation of Mrs. Norton.” London. Preface Publishing. 2012.
Norton, Caroline Sheridan. “A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor on the Infant Custody Bill.” London. 1839. Accessed online through Indiana University: https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7126&chunk.id=d1e495&toc.id=&brand=vwwp;query=#docView
Tomalin, Claire. “Several Strangers: Writing from Three Decades.” Viking. 1999.
Forster, Margaret. “Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism, 1839-1939.” Vintage Books. 2004.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Caroline Norton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Norton
Norton, C.N. “ENGLISH LAWS FOR WOMEN IN The Nineteenth Century.” London. 1854. Accessed online through University of Pennsylvania: http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/elfw/elfw.html

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SYMHC Classics: Tiara of Saitafernes Apr 01, 2023

This 2019 episode the tale of an elaborate hoax. It starts with the Scythians and how their artifacts became highly prized in 19th century Europe, and ends with an artist who came into fame as a result of his part in a forgery.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Trees and Jennie June Mar 31, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about their relationship to trees, and how humankind's understanding of climate science has changed over the years. They also talk about the continuing relevance of Jennie June's life story.

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The Autobiographies of Earl Lind - Ralph Werther - Jennie June Mar 29, 2023

Earl Lind, Ralph Werther, and Jennie June were all pseudonyms of the same person, who wrote what are sometimes described as the first autobiographies of a transgender person ever published in the West.

Research:

“Lost transgender memoir from 1921 discovered by Drexel researcher” (2010, October 13) retrieved 13 March 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2010-10-lost-transgendermemoir-1921-drexel.html
Book Notes. “The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Apr., 1919).” https://www.jstor.org/stable/1414118
Ellis, Havelock. “Eonism and other supplementary studies.” F.A. Davis. 1928.
Gearhardt, Nan. “Rethinking Trans History and Gay History in Early Twentieth-Century New York.” QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking , Vol. 6, No. 1 (Spring 2019). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/qed.6.1.0026
Joseph, Channing Gerard. “Who Was Jennie June?” OutHistory. 10/10/2022. https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/wwjj/wwjj2
Lind, Earl. “Autobiography of an Androgyne.” Edited by Alfred W. Herzog. The Medico-Legal Journal. 1918. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/67711/pg67711-images.html
Meyerowitz, Joanne. “Thinking Sex with an Androgyne.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 17, Number 1, 2011. Via Project Muse. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/409154
Peterson, Jules-Gill. “Histories of the Transgender Child.” University of Minnesota Press. 2018.
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “Boy – But Never Man.” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Volume 15. No. 3. March 1919. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1519unse/
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “Protest from an Androgyne.” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Volume 15. No. 7. July 1919. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1519unse/
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “The Fairie Boy (An Autobiographical Sketch).” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Vol. 14. No. 10. October 1918. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1419unse
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “The Female Impersonator.” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Volume 15. No. 6. June 1919. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1519unse/
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “The Girl-boy’s Suicide.” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Vol. 14. No. 11. November 1918. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1419unse/
Ralph Werther - Jennie June. “The Sorrows of Jennie June.” The American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Volume 15. No. 4. April 1919. https://archive.org/details/americanjournalo1519unse/
Schroth, Peter W. et al. “Perspectives on Law and Medicine Relating to Transgender People in the United States.” The American Journal of Comparative Law, 2018, Vol. 66. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26497456
Shaheen, Aaron. “Strolling through the Slums of the Past: Ralph Werther's Love Affair with Victorian Womanhood in ‘Autobiography of an Androgyne.’” PMLA , October 2013, Vol. 128, No. 4 (October 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23489164
Werther, Ralph. “The female-impersonators.” Edited by Alfred W. Herzog. The Medico-Legal Journal. 1922. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/70019/pg70019-images.html
Werther, Ralph. “The Riddle of the Underworld.” Via OutHistory. https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earllind23/manuscript

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Author Interview: John Perlin 'A Forest Journey' Mar 27, 2023

Holly is joined by John Perlin, author of "A Forest Journey: The Role of Trees in the Fate of Civilization,” to talk about the ways that human development and survival depends on the health of the planet’s forests.

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SYMHC Classics: Year Without a Summer Mar 25, 2023

The 2015 episode covers a volcano eruption in Sumbawa, Indonesia in 1816, that combined with several other factors to create an unusual -- and catastrophic -- series of weather events.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Theater and Thrill Rides Mar 24, 2023

Holly and Tracy dig into the role of Augustin Daly's brother in his life, including a legal battle over Augustin's will. Then they talk about roller coaster experiences and the idea of fear as entertainment.

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Roller Coasters Mar 22, 2023

The French word for “roller coaster” is “montagnes russes” or “Russian mountains.” Since the origin of roller coasters, inventors have been improving the early designs that came from Russia to create astonishing amusement park thrill rides.

Research:

“Coaster History” by Gil Chandler, from Roller Coasters. Text copyright © 1995 by Capstone Press. Reprinted by permission of Capstone Press. Photograph copyright © 1987 by Tom Maglione. Reprinted by permission of Tom Maglione. https://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/pdf/2010/177365.pdf
National Roller Coaster Museum and Archives. “History of the Roller Coaster.” 2013. https://rollercoastermuseum.org//wp-content/uploads/2017/11/History_Timeline.pdf
American Experience. “A Century of Screams: The History of the Roller Coaster.” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/coney-century-screams/
Pescovitz, David. "roller coaster". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Feb. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/roller-coaster. Accessed 8 March 2023.
Levine, Arthur. “Ups and downs: The history of roller coasters.” USA Today. 7/28/2017. https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/experience/america/theme-parks/2017/07/28/history-roller-coasters/518356001/
Lallensack, Rachel. “14 Fun Facts About Roller Coasters.” Smithsonian. 8/16/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/14-fun-facts-about-roller-coasters-180972920/
Meares, Joel. “Catherine the Great Put Rollers on the World's First Coaster.” Wired. 12/27/2011. https://www.wired.com/2011/12/pl-prototyperollercoaster/
Liebrenz-Himes, Marilyn. “The American Amusement Park: Its Inspiration and Evolution.” Vol. 11 (2003): The Romance of Marketing History. https://ojs.library.carleton.ca/index.php/pcharm/article/view/1684
Pursell, Carroll. “Fun Factories: Inventing American Amusement Parks.” Icon , 2013, Vol. 19, Special Issue Playing with Technology: Sports and Leisure (2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23788121
Mohun, Arwen P. “Amusement Parks for the World: The Export of American Technology and Know-How, 1900-1939.” , 2013, Vol. 19, Special Issue Playing with Technology: Sports and Leisure (2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23788122
Haynes, Christine. “The Battle of the Mountains.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques, Winter 2018, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Winter 2018). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48581519
Yoon, Richard. “The rise and fall and rise of the amusement park.” International Theme & Amusement Park Journal Vol. 2. No. 4. (2021).
Mental Floss. “The Roller Coaster's Thrilling History.” 12/16/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHUAlzwG0r4
Canfield, Victor. “Roller Coaster History Deduced from U.S. Patents.” 1/26/2012. http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/v/a/vac3/history.html
Princeton Graphic Arts Collection. “First Roller Coaster.” https://graphicarts.princeton.edu/2018/05/18/first-roller-coaster/
King, John Glen. “A Letter to the Bishop of Durham, containing some Observations on the Climate of Russia, and the Northern Countries, with a View of the Flying Mountains at Zarsko Sello, near St. Petersburg.” 1780. https://books.google.com/books?id=SB2OxgEACAAJ
Louis Post Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri · Saturday, September 29, 1883 https://www.newspapers.com/image/137793104
“Roller Coasting.” Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois · Sunday, September 30, 1883 https://www.newspapers.com/image/349812486

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Augustin Daly Mar 20, 2023

Augustin Daly is often described as a foundational figure of the U.S. theater. He wrote, adapted, and produced dozens of plays in the 19th century, and he created a theater company that produced many stars of the New York stage.

Research:

“Augustin Daly Enjoins Dixey.” New York Times. March 22, 1896. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/22/105744198.html?pageNumber=3
“Augustin Daly Recovers From Illness.” New Yor Times. June 6, 1899. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/06/06/118938057.html?pageNumber=7
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Augustin Daly". Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Augustin-Daly
Powell, Wiliam S., ed. “Dictionary of North Carolina Biography.” North Carolina Press. 1979-1996.
“Dramatic Copyright.” New York Times. Dec, 18, 1868. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1868/12/18/issue.html
“Augustin Daly’s Victory.” New York Times. July 11, 1885. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/07/11/103630354.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Daly, Augustin. “Divorce: A Play of the Period in Five Acts.” ACTED AT THE FIFTH AVENUE THEATRE FOR THE FIRST TIME, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1871. NEW YORK: PRINTED AS MANUSCRIPT ONLY, FOR THE AUTHOR. 1884. https://archive.org/stream/divorceplayofper00daly/divorceplayofper00daly_djvu.txt
Brown, Thomas Alston. “A History of the New York Stage From the First Performance in 1732 to 1901.” (Reprint) Legare Street Press. 2022.
“Mr. Daly’s Opening Play.” New York Times. October 5, 1888. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1888/10/05/106197330.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Mr. Daly’s New Drama.” New York Times. Oct. 25, 1888. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1888/10/25/106200311.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Funeral of Augustin Daly.” New York Times. June 19, 1899. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/06/19/100446037.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Dithmar, Edward A. “The Career of Augustin Daly.” June 18, 1899. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/06/18/117925544.html?pageNumber=30
“Intimate Glimpses of Augustin Daly.” New York Times. October 7, 1917. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/10/07/96274408.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Jaworowski, Ken. “Review: ‘Leah, the Forsaken’ is an 1862 Drama With Modern Resonance.” New York Times. Feb. 21, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/21/theater/leah-the-forsaken-review.html
Eytinge, Rose. “The Memories of Rose Eytinge: Being Recollections & Observations of Men, Women, and Events, during Half a Century.” New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1905.
Daly, Joseph Francis. “Life of Augustin Daly.” Macmillan. 1927.
“Augustin Daly.” New York Times. June 9, 1899. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/06/09/101231584.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

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SYMHC Classics: U.S.S. Akron Mar 18, 2023

This 2017 episode covers the loss of the U.S.S. Akron -- the biggest single tragedy in aviation history at the time that it happened. But unless you're an aviation or U.S. Navy history buff, you may not know much about this airborne aircraft carrier.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Murder and Vivisection Mar 17, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about some of the odd details in the Alma Petty Gatlin trial and difficulty finding the right language to discuss alcohol misuse. Then discussion turns to vivisection and the hosts' experiences with dissection in school.

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The Brown Dog Affair Mar 15, 2023

The Brown Dog Affair was a series of demonstrations and riots surrounding a statue that had been erected in the Battersea area of London, commemorating dogs who had been killed due to vivisection.

Research:

"Ethical Treatment of Animals." The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology, edited by Jacqueline L. Longe, 3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2016, pp. 376-380. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3631000262/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c1943190. Accessed 2 Mar. 2023.
"How the cruel death of a little stray dog led to riots in 1900s Britain; Novelist campaigns for statue of terrier experimented on by scientists to regain its place in a London park." Guardian [London, England], 12 Sept. 2021, p. NA. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A676433834/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=87481e5c. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
"London by numbers: The brown dog riots; Source: `The Brown Dog Affair' by Peter Mason, Two Sevens Publishing." Independent on Sunday [London, England], 26 Oct. 2003, p. 7. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A109233128/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=bf321fb5. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
"Students looked as its throat was cut. Then it was taken away to be killed: But the brown dog couldn't rest in peace. Barry Hugill recalls the first animal rights riots." Observer [London, England], 30 Mar. 1997, p. 18. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A76406108/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3162fdcd. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“Final report of the Royal Commission on Vivisection.” London. His Majesty’s Stationery Office. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112089397381
Bates, A.W.H. “Anti-Vivisection and the Profession of Medicine in Britain: A Social History.” Te Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series. 2017.
Bates, A.W.H. “Boycotted Hospital: The National Anti-Vivisection Hospital, London, 1903–1935.” Journal of Animal Ethics 6 (2): 177–187. 2016.
Boston, Richard. "The Brown Dog Affair." New Statesman, vol. 126, no. 4339, 20 June 1997, p. 48. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20534445/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=dc5e8d6f. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
Cruelty to Animals Act. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1876/77/pdfs/ukpga_18760077_en.pdf
Effron, Jack Edward. “The battle of the vivisected dog.” Hekoten International: A Journal of Medical Humanities. Volume 10, Issue 4– Fall 2018. https://hekint.org/2018/03/21/battle-vivisected-dog/
Ford, Edward K. (1908) The Brown Dog and His Memorial (London: Euston Grove Press), 56 pages. 2013 complete facsimile of 1908 pamphlet. https://profjoecain.net/eyewitness-brown-dog-affair-edward-ford/
Galloway, John. “Dogged by Controversy.” Nature. Vol. 394. August 1998.
Galmark, Lisa. “Women antivivisectionists - the story of Lizzy Lind af Hageby and Leisa Schartau.” Animal Issues, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2000.
Kean, Hilda. “An Exploration of the Sculptures of Greyfriars Bobby, Edinburgh, Scotland, and the Brown Dog, Battersea, South London, England.” Society & Animals 11:4. 2003.
Lansbury, Coral. “The Old Brown Dog: Women, Workers and Vivisection in Edwardian England.” The University of Wisconsin Press.
Nina. “The Brown Dog Affair (1903 - 1910).” The Medicine Chest. University of Cape Town. https://ibali.uct.ac.za/s/LBNNIN001-medicinechest/item/19397
Lind-af-Hagby, L. and L.K. Schartau. “The shambles of science: extracts from the diary of two students of physiology.” 1904. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27101200M/The_shambles_of_science
Stourton, Edward. "When the fate of a dog tore a nation in two; A famous case of animal cruelty sets Edward Stourton and Kudu on a missio." Daily Telegraph [London, England], 3 Apr. 2010, p. 30. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A222925631/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=0f1914aa. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
Thornton, Alicia. “Portrait of a Man and His Dog: The Brown Dog Affair.” 10/22/2012. UCL Research in Museums. https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/researchers-in-museums/2012/10/22/portrait-of-a-man-and-his-dog-the-brown-dog-affair/

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Alma Petty Gatlin’s Trial Mar 13, 2023

In 1928, a young woman from North Carolina named Alma Petty Gatlin went on trial for the murder of her father. A preacher Alma had confessed to informed authorities, setting off a sensational case that examined confessional privilege.

Research:

“Girl Sobs as Jury Grants Her Liberty.” The Charlotte Observer. Feb. 23, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616612305/?terms=%22Smith%20T.%20Petty%22&match=1
“Woman on Trial for Patricide.” Gettysburg Times. Feb. 14, 1928. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2202&dat=19280214&id=_ZwlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gfYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=956,5137180
“Little Progress Made in Petty Probe.” The Charlotte Observer. Sept. 6, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616813195/?terms=alma%20petty&match=1
“Reidsville Girl Arrested for Murder of Father!” The Bee. Sept. 3, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/46801069/
“Bride Accused of Slaying Father.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 2, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/140410715/?terms=alma%20petty&match=1
“Confident Whole Truth Not told.” Statesville Record and Landmark. Sept. 12, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/11242337/?terms=alma%20petty&match=1
Price, Enoch. “Defense Will Wage Its Fight on Evangelist-confessor Principal State’s Witness.” The News and Observer. Jan. 22, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/651049861/?terms=alma%20petty&match=1
Link, Phil. “Murder for Breakfast.” Down Hom Press. North Carolina. 2002.
“What Was Justice.” Daily News. March 25, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/431281638/
“Considering Ethics.” The Tampa Times. Feb. 15, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/332744236/?terms=%22Alma%20Petty%20gatlin%22&match=1
“Mrs. Gatlin Now Mourning Death o Pet ‘Lovebird.’” The Bee. Sept. 15, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/46801533/?terms=%22Mrs.%20Gatlin%20is%20Cheerful%22&match=1
“Mrs. Gatlin Faces New Trial Ordeal.” The Atlanta Constitution. Feb, 20, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/398191524/

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SYMHC Classics: Jimmy Doolittle and the Doolittle Raid Mar 11, 2023

This 2016 episode discusses the Doolittle Raid, an attack on Japan launched by the U.S. in retaliation for Pearl Harbor. But the leader of the mission was a legend long before his daring efforts in WWII.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Balloons and the Mixed Bag Mar 10, 2023

Tracy shares how the recent wave of spy balloon news inspired this week's episode, and the hosts talk about the technology of war balloons. They also talk about G.K. Chesterton, his anti-eugenics writing, and his anti-Semitism.

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G. K. Chesterton’s Fight Against Eugenics Mar 08, 2023

G.K. Chesterton was a prolific writer across many genres, including fiction, poetry, journalism, literary criticism, biography, social criticism, theology, and Christian apologetics. He was also a vocal critic of eugenics.

Research:

"Chesterton, G.K." Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, Merriam-Webster, 1995. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/RN1480001897/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d75f28d6. Accessed 21 Feb. 2023.
Schwartz, Adam. "Conceiving a culture of life in a century of bones: G. K. Chesterton and Malcolm Muggeridge as social critics." Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture, vol. 11, no. 2, spring 2008, pp. 50+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A370214476/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f9d4a07a. Accessed 21 Feb. 2023.
Eden, Dawn. "Thursday's Father; The cosmos in the mind of G.K. Chesterton." The Weekly Standard, vol. 15, no. 47, 30 Aug. 2010. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A236124464/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9747e015. Accessed 21 Feb. 2023.
Douglas, J.D. “G.K. Chesterton, the Eccentric Prince of Paradox.” Christianity Today. 5/24/1974, republished 8/1/2001. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2001/augustweb-only/8-27-52.0.html?paging=off#bmb=1
"The Inklings." Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, edited by Kathy D. Darrow, vol. 258, Gale, 2012. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/GEDIQJ153565504/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=52d0152e. Accessed 22 Feb. 2023.
Bergonzi, Bernard. "Chesterton, Gilbert Keith [G. K. C.] (1874–1936), writer." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 22 Feb. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/32392
McDonagh, Melanie. "No saint: G.K. Chesterton was a great journalist, not an angel." Spectator, vol. 322, no. 9652, 24 Aug. 2013, pp. 22+. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A340576384/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=2c4fc00f. Accessed 22 Feb. 2023.
"G(ilbert) K(eith) Chesterton." Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors, Gale, 2004. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000017634/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=6ef03f18. Accessed 22 Feb. 2023.
Douglas, James. “Personality in Literature.” The Bookman. July 1903.
Kenney, W. P. "G(ilbert) K(eith) Chesterton." Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century British Literary Biographers, edited by Steven Serafin, Gale, 1995. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 149. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1200006044/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=8bdae33c. Accessed 22 Feb. 2023.
Leitch, Thomas M. "G(ilbert) K(eith) Chesterton." British Mystery Writers, 1860-1919, edited by Bernard Benstock and Thomas F. Staley, Gale, 1988. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 70. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1200002585/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=5e778e84. Accessed 22 Feb. 2023.
Schwartz, Adam. “G.K. Chesterton’s Jewish Problem.” VII: Journal of the Marion E. Wade Center , 2017, Vol. 34 (2017). : https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48600516
Fraga, Brian. “Group promoting author GK Chesterton faces turmoil over right-wing connections.” National Catholic Reporter. 2/20/2023. https://www.ncronline.org/news/group-promoting-author-gk-chesterton-faces-turmoil-over-right-wing-connections
Kimball, Roger. “G. K. Chesterton: master of rejuvenation.” The New Criterion September 2011.
Chesterton, G.K. “Eugenics and Other Evils.” Cassell and Company, Limited London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne 1922.
Sparkes, Russell. “The Enemy of Eugenics.” https://archive.secondspring.co.uk/articles/sparkes.htm

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Balloons of World War II Mar 06, 2023

We’ve gotten requests to talk about the balloon bombs that Japan used to target North America during World War II. But these were not the only balloons in use during the war, or the first balloons used for military purposes.

Research:

Barnett, Glenn. “Another Way to Bomb Germany.” Warfare History Network. June 2021. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/another-way-to-bomb-germany/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "airship". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/technology/airship. Accessed 15 February 2023.
Czekanski, Tom. “Museum Acquires Item Related to the First African American Unit in Normandy.” National World War II Museum. 2/1/2020. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/museum-acquires-item-related-first-african-american-unit-normandy
Drapeau, Raoul E. “Operation Outward: Britain’s World War II offensive balloons.” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine. September/October 2011. https://site.ieee.org/ny-monitor/files/2011/09/OPERATION-OUTWARD.pdf
Juillerat, Lee. “Balloon Bombs.” Oregon Encyclopedia. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/balloon_bombs/#.Y-6VRHbMJPa
Knight, Judson. "Balloon Reconnaissance, History." Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, vol. 1, Gale, 2004, pp. 91-94. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3403300069/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3191fc84. Accessed 15 Feb. 2023.
Lienhard, John H. “No. 2192: Franklin and Balloons.” Engines Of Our Ingenuity. https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2192.htm
Maskel, Rebecca. “Why Was the Discovery of the Jet Stream Mostly Ignored?” Smithsonian. 4/2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/as-next-may-unbelievablebuttrue-180968355/
Mikesh, Robert C. “Japan's World War II Balloon Bomb Attacks on North America.” Smithsonian Annals of Flight. No. 9. 1973. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/18679/SAoF-0009-Lo_res.pdf
National Archives. “Barrage Balloons - the nation's defender.” https://www.findmypast.com/1939register/barrage-balloons
“The First Air Raid Happened When Austria Dropped Bombs on Venice from Pilotless Hot-Air Balloons (1849).” 9/7/2021. https://www.openculture.com/2021/09/the-first-air-raid-in-history.html
Paone, Thomas. “Protecting the Beaches with Balloons: D-Day and the 320th Barrage Balloon Battalion.” National Air and Space Museum. 6/4/2019. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/protecting-beaches-balloons-d-day-and-320th-barrage-balloon-battalion
Paone, Thomas. “The Most Fashionable Balloon of the Civil War.” Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 11/5/2013. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/most-fashionable-balloon-civil-war
Rogers, J. David. “How Geologists Unraveled the Mystery of Japanese Vengeance Balloon Bombs in World War II.” https://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/forensic_geology/Japenese%20vengenance%20bombs%20new.htm
Royal Air Forces Association. “Barrage Balloons in the Second World War.” 10/13/2020. https://rafa.org.uk/blog/2020/10/13/barrage-balloons-in-the-second-world-war/
Royal Meteorological Society. “Jetstreams.” 8/22/2013. https://www.rmets.org/metmatters/jetstreams
Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. “Presidential Writings Reveal Early Interest in Ballooning.” 2/15/2016. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/presidential-writings-reveal-early-interest-ballooning
Uenuma, Francine. “In 1945, a Japanese Balloon Bomb Killed Six Americans, Five of Them Children, in Oregon.” Smithsonian. 5/22/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/1945-japanese-balloon-bomb-killed-six-americansfive-them-children-oregon-180972259/
Ziegler, Charles A. “Weapons Development in Context: The Case of the World War I Balloon Bomber.” Technology and Culture , Oct., 1994, Vol. 35, No. 4 (Oct., 1994). http://www.jstor.com/stable/3106505.

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SYMHC Classics: The Kallikaks and the Eugenicists Mar 04, 2023

In 2017, the show covered the fears, prejudices and societal issues that drove the eugenics movement in the U.S., which focused on identifying, sequestering and even sterilizing people who were deemed to be "unfit."

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Ellen and Eliza Mar 03, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about the way that the eugenics movement pops up almost any time there's research into late 19th and early 20th century figures. They also discuss the nature of chicken and dumplings in their experience.

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The Case of Eliza Fenning Mar 01, 2023

Eliza Fenning worked as a cook in a London household until she found herself in the middle of a poisoning accusation. Her controversial trial brought the bias of the 19th-century British criminal justice system into focus.

Research:

“Circumstantial Evidence.” The Abilene Gazette. June 23, 1876. https://www.newspapers.com/image/367010505/?terms=eliza%20fenning&match=1
Hempel, Sarah. “The Inheritor’s Powder.” W. W. Norton & Company. 2013.
Hempel, Sarah. “Eliza Fenning: the case of the poisoned dumplings.” The Telegraph. June 17, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130620172222/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/10117903/Eliza-Fenning-the-case-of-the-poisoned-dumplings.html
Clarke, Kate. “Trial of Eliza Fenning.” Mango Books. May 2021.
“Circumstantial evidence : The extraordinary case of Eliza Fenning, who was executed in 1815, for attempting to poison the family of Orlibar Turner, by mixing arsenic in yeast dumplings. With a statement of facts, since developed tending to prove her innocence of the crime.” https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/pdf/b21051732
Watkins, John. “The important results of an elaborate investigation into the mysterious case of Elizabeth Fenning: being a detail of extraordinary facts discovered since her execution, including the official report of her singular trial, now first published, and copious notes thereon.” London. William Hone. 1815. Accessed online: https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/pdf/b2840807x
MARSHALL, TIM. “Not Forgotten: Eliza Fenning, ‘Frankenstein’, and Victorian Chivalry.” Critical Survey, vol. 13, no. 2, 2001, pp. 98–114. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41557107
“The Story of Eliza Fenning.” The Wells Journal. August 8, 1857. https://www.newspapers.com/image/812381127/?terms=eliza%20fenning&match=1

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Ellen Swallow Richards Feb 27, 2023

Ellen Swallow Richards was a big part of the establishment of home economics as a field. But well before that, she broke a lot of ground and was often way ahead of her time.

Research:

Bettex, Morgan. “A life filled with firsts.” MIT News. 1/26/2011. https://news.mit.edu/2011/timeline-richards-0126
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Ellen Swallow Richards". Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Nov. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ellen-Swallow-Richards. Accessed 8 February 2023.
Chapman, Sasha. “The Woman Who Gave Us the Science of Normal Life.” Nautilus. 3/28/2017. https://nautil.us/the-woman-who-gave-us-the-science-of-normal-life-236534/
Daniels, Elizabeth A. “The Disappointing First Thrust of Euthenics.” Vassar Encyclopedia. https://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/interviews-and-reflections/the-disappointing-first-thrust-of-euthenics/
Durant, Elizabeth. “Ellencyclopedia.” MIT Technology Review. 8/15/2007. https://www.technologyreview.com/2007/08/15/36578/ellencyclopedia/
Dyball, Robert and Liesel Carlsson. Human Ecology Review, Vol. 23, No. 2, Special Issue: Human Ecology—A Gathering of Perspectives: Portraits from the Past—Prospects for the Future (2017). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26367977
Egan, Kristen R. “Conservation and Cleanliness: Racial and Environmental Purity in Ellen Richards and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.” Women's Studies Quarterly , FALL/WINTER 2011, Vol. 39, No. 3/4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41308345
Hunt, Caroline Lousia. “The life of Ellen H. Richards, 1842-1911.” Boston: Whitcomb & Barrows. 1918. https://archive.org/details/lifeofellenhrich1918hunt
Kwallek, Nancy. "Ellen Swallow Richards: visionary on home and sustainability." Phi Kappa Phi Forum, vol. 92, no. 2, summer 2012, pp. 8+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A291498991/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=7050163b. Accessed 6 Feb. 2023.
McNeill, Leila. “The First Female Student at MIT Started an All-Women Chemistry Lab and Fought for Food Safety.” Smithsonian. 12/18/2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/first-female-student-mit-started-women-chemistry-lab-food-safety-180971056/
Richardson, Barbara. “Ellen Swallow Richards: Advocate for ‘Oecology,’ Euthenics and Women’s Leadership in Using Science to Control the Environment.” Michigan Sociological Review , Fall 2000, Vol. 14 (Fall 2000). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40969050
Smith, Coleen. "The William Barton Rogers Building - The Door Opens." Clio: Your Guide to History. October 24, 2022. Accessed February 8, 2023. https://theclio.com/entry/147331
Smith, Nancy DuVergne. “Scene at MIT: Ellen Swallow Richards leads the Women's Laboratory.” MIT News. 3/21/2017. https://news.mit.edu/2017/scene-at-mit-ellen-swallow-richards-womens-laboratory-0321
Talbot, H.P. “Ellen Swallow Richards.” Technology Review, volume 13, pp. 365-373. https://wayback.archive-it.org/7963/20190702115713/https://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/esr/esr-biography.html
Vassar Encyclopedia. “Ellen Swallow Richards ’1870.” https://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/distinguished-alumni/ellen-swallow-richards/

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SYMHC Classics: Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation Feb 25, 2023

In 2016, Secretary of Education Dr. John B. King Jr. joined Tracy to discuss the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which gave rebelling states 100 days to return to the Union or have their enslaved population freed during the U.S. Civil War.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Susie and Rip Feb 24, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about the ways enslaved people found to push back against their enslavement. They then examine the animal welfare aspect of Old Rip’s story.

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Old Rip, Famous Texas Horned Lizard Feb 22, 2023

Old Rip was a reptile with quite a legend. Some people believed that he survived a 31-year entombment in a courthouse cornerstone, and he became celebrity, even gaining an audience with President Calvin Coolidge. But was it all a hoax?

Research:

“Toad Alive After 31 Years Sealed in Texas Cornerstone.” New York Times. Feb, 20, 1928. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/02/20/91477181.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Coolidge Sees Famous Horned Toad of Texas.” The Greenville News. May 4, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/188233123/?terms=toad&match=1
“Texas Horned Frog Upsets Scientists.” Times Record News. Feb. 21, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/774886762/
“Horned Lizard Facts.” Texas Parks and Wildlife. https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/wildlife_diversity/texas_nature_trackers/horned_lizard/facts/#:~:text=Its%20horny%20appearance%20and%20coloration,(actually%2C%20its%20eyelid).
“RipFest.” https://www.eastlandchamber.com/ripfest/
“Texas Court Frees Entombed Toad.” New York Times. May 14, 1928. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/05/15/91511824.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Experts Are Skeptical About Horned Frog.” Fort Worth Record-Telegram. Feb 21, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/634555101/?terms=Eastland%2C%20Texas&match=1
“Old Frog Leaps Back Into Case.” Austin American-Statesman. September 29, 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/357861533/
House, Boyce. “Amazing Story of Rip Is Told in Its Entirety.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Feb, 13, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/636009835/
“Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum).” Texas Parks and Wildlife. https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/thlizard/
“Eastland Asks Old Rip’s Return.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram. April 18, 1972. https://www.newspapers.com/image/644137888/?terms=old%20rip&match=1
“Three-corner Fight Rages for Possession of Eastland’s Reptile.” The Amarillo Globe-Timed. Feb. 27, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/29483459/?terms=will%20m.%20wood&match=1
“Famous New York Scientist Tells Whopper Frog Tale as Illustration That He Believes Texas Toad Story.” Wichita Falls Times. Feb. 21, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/773773857/
“’Rip,’ Famous Sleeping Horned Toad, Here but Still Drowsy.” Indianapolis Star. May 1, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/104983172
“Tulsa Barber Aided in Placing Famous ‘Rip’ Frog in Stone.” The Tulsa Tribune. Feb. 21, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/884100535/?terms=Eastland%2C%20Texas
“The Spirit of Old Rip to Be Revived.” The Odessa American. Sept. 11, 1977. https://www.newspapers.com/image/301920827/?
Donnelly, Claire.” How Curious: What Happened To All Of The ‘Horny Toads’?” KGOU. https://www.kgou.org/oklahoma-news/2019-09-10/how-curious-what-happened-to-all-of-the-horny-toads
“Frog Question Acute and Threatens to Become National.” Wichita Daily Times. Feb. 26, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/773773951/
“Doubts Horned Toad Tale.” New York Times. February 21, 1928. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1928/02/21/109853229.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Dabney, James. “Letter Reawakens ‘Rip’ Toad Legend.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Sept. 10, 1976. https://www.newspapers.com/image/633757078/

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Susie King Taylor, Civil War Teacher and Nurse Feb 20, 2023

As a child, Susie King Taylor forged passes so her grandmother could go places in Savanna she otherwise couldn’t. As an adult, she penned the only Civil War memoir known to have been written by a Black woman who was actively involved in the military.

Research:

Hancock, Kelly. “Lunch & Learn Talk by Kelly Hancock: Susie King Taylor’s Civil War.” The American Civil War Museum. 11/15/2016. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=613s3tg_Zlk
"Susie King Taylor." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 13, Gale, 1996. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606001325/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=0670abcd. Accessed 31 Jan. 2023.
"Susie King Taylor." Notable Black American Women, Gale, 1992. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1623000434/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=62d16da2. Accessed 31 Jan. 2023.
McCurry, Stephanie. "'In the company' with Susie King Taylor." America's Civil War, vol. 27, no. 2, May 2014, pp. 26+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A360610510/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=04a62ac5. Accessed 31 Jan. 2023.
Chittenden, Karen and Micah Messenheimer. “Susie King Taylor: An African American Nurse and Teacher in the Civil War.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=5be2377c246c4b5483e32ddd51d32dc0&bookmark=Early%20Years
Butchart, Ronald. "Susie King Taylor." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 09 December 2003, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/susie-king-taylor-1848-1912/.
Syed, Camille. “Group wants square renamed after Susie King Taylor.” WTOC. 12/2/2022. https://www.wtoc.com/2022/12/02/group-wants-square-renamed-after-susie-king-taylor/
Glass-Hill, Hermina. “Susie King Taylor: Civil War nurse and early social justice activist.” Saporta Report. 3/21/2016. https://saportareport.com/susie-king-taylor-civil-war-nurse-early-social-justice-activist/archived-columnists/jamils-georgia/nge/
Taylor, Susie King. “Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops Late 1st S. C. Volunteers.” Boston. Published by the author. 1902.
Prologue Magazine. “The Freedman's Savings and Trust Company and African American Genealogical Research.” Summer 1997, Vol. 29, No. 2. https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1997/summer/freedmans-savings-and-trust.html
Boisseau, Tracey Jean. “Travelling with Susie King Taylor.” Thirdspace: A Journal of Feminist Theory and Culture. Volume 7, Issue 2 (Winter 2008). https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/thirdspace/article/view/boisseau/3214

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Introducing: The Last Soviet Feb 19, 2023

Hey, Stuff You Missed In History Class listeners! The newest hit docuseries of another star-studded podcast, The Last Soviet is live. Go check out the beginning of this thrilling journey with Lance Bass, NSync Superstar, and Russian-trained astronaut!”

About The Last Soviet: Lance Bass, NSync Superstar, and Russian-trained astronaut takes you on a wild ride into space. He tells the story of the last Soviet cosmonaut who is trapped on the world’s only space station, as the country he knows and loves collapses beneath him. On this journey through Earth’s atmosphere in the form of a podcast, Lance introduces you to the woman who won a reality show cosmonaut contest, a ham radio operator in Australia who became a lifeline for the Soviet Space Station, a hustler from Chicago who tried to sell coca-cola to the Russians and the editor of Playboy who took part in a revolution.

It’s one man’s dream to go to space, his dedication to the country he thought he knew and 313 days spent orbiting the Earth. 313 days that changed our world.

Plus, Lance’s own dream to go to space and the lengths he went to make it a reality.

Listen to The Last Soviet on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts!

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SYMHC Classics: U.S. Contraband Camps Feb 18, 2023

This 2016 episode covers when three escapees from enslavement showed up at a Union position during the U.S. Civil War. The decision of how to handle the situation fell to Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler, and his actions led to a situation for which the government was simply not prepared.

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SYMHC Classics: The Eruption at Heimaey Feb 11, 2023

This 2016 episode covers the aftermath of after a series of earthquakes on the eastern side of the Icelandic island of Heimaey in 1973. As the eruption developed over time, it became more dangerous, and a variety of measures were undertaken to stop the flow of lava.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Chocolate and Rabbits Feb 10, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about Tootsie Rolls used in the military, and Holly's German chocolate cake obsession. They also discuss their relationships with the book "The Velveteen Rabbit" and their childhood fears.

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Scarlet Fever Feb 08, 2023

Scarlet fever is treatable with antibiotics, but in the middle of the 19th century, it was the leading cause of death in children in some parts of the world. Today, there are several ongoing mysteries about the disease.

Research:

Branswell, Helen. “Scarlet fever, a disease of yore, is making a comeback in parts of the world.” 11/27/2017. https://www.statnews.com/2017/11/27/scarlet-fever-cases/
Lamagni, Theresa et al. “Resurgence of scarlet fever in England, 2014–16: a population-based surveillance study.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Vol. 18, Issue 2. February 2018. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(17)30693-X/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr
Ferretti, Joseph and Werner Köhler. “History of Streptococcal Research.” From “Streptococcus pyogenes : Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations.” Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK333430/
Doherty Institute. “Scarlet fever is on the rise, after being almost eradicated by the 1940s.” 10/6/2020. https://www.doherty.edu.au/news-events/news/scarlet-fever-is-on-the-rise-after-being-almost-eradicated-by-the-1940s
Potter, Christina. “Scarlet Fever Makes a Comeback.” Outbreak Observatory. Johns Hopkins. 12/12/2019. https://www.outbreakobservatory.org/outbreakthursday-1/12/12/2019/scarlet-fever-makes-a-comeback
Lynskey, Nicola N. et al. “Emergence of dominant toxigenic M1T1 Streptococcus pyogenes clone during increased scarlet fever activity in England: a population-based molecular epidemiological study.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases. Vol. 19, Issue 11. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(19)30446-3/fulltext
Tatiana Ninkov and Mike Cadogan, "Second disease," In: LITFL - Life in the FastLane, Accessed on January 25, 2023, https://litfl.com/second-disease/.
Bright, Richard. "Dr. Bright on Renal Disease.” From Guy's Hospital reports. ser.1 v.1 1836. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858046169490&view=1up&seq=392&skin=2021
Ledford, Heidi. “Why is strep A surging — and how worried are scientists?” 12/9/2022. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04403-y
Thomas Sydenham, ""On Scarlet Fever" [Excerpt]," in Children and Youth in History, Item #156, https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/156 (accessed August 10, 2021). Annotated by Lynda Payne
Klein, E. “The Etiology of Scarlet Fever.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of LondonVolume 42, Issue 251-257. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rspl.1887.0030
Duncan CJ, Duncan SR, Scott S. The dynamics of scarlet fever epidemics in England and Wales in the 19th century. Epidemiol Infect. 1996 Dec;117(3):493-9. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800059161. PMID: 8972674; PMCID: PMC2271647.
Klass, Perri. “Fever Dreams.” Harvard Medicine. Autumn 2022. https://hms.harvard.edu/magazine/handed-down/fever-dreams
Davenport, Romola J. “Urbanization and mortality in Britain, c. 1800–50.” Economic History Review. 2/21/2020. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ehr.12964
Thomson, Arthur S. et al. “History of the First Epidemic of Scarlet Fever which Prevailed in Auckland, New Zealand, During the Year 1848.” The Lancet. Vol. 55, Issue 1376. January 12, 1850. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)88319-2/fulltext
Kaiser, Albert D. “Scarlet Fever.” The American Journal of Nursing , Jun., 1915, Vol. 15, No. 9 (Jun., 1915). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3404148
Eyler, John M. “The Epidemiology of Milk-borne Scarlet Fever: The Case of Edwardian Brighton.” American Journal of Public Health. May 1986, Vol. 76, No. 5.
Wilson, Leonard G. “The Historical Riddle of Milk-borne Scarlet Fever.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Fall 1986. Vol. 60, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44442285
Scamman, Clarence L. “Milk-Borne Septic Sore Throat and Scarlet Fever.” American Journal of Public Health. December 1929. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1581415/
Lee, Charles A. “Notes on the History and Pathology of Scarlatina.” Boston Medical Journal. 7/22/1835.
Dick, George F. and Gladys R. Dick. “Immune Reactions in Scarlet Fever.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Aug., 1916).” Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30080317
Radikas, Regina and Cindy Connolly. “Young Patients in a Young Nation; Scarlet Fever in Early Nineteenth Century Rural New England.” Pediatric Nursing. January-February 2007.
Rolleston, J.D. “The History of Scarlet Fever.” The British Medical Journal. 11/24/1928.

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Eponymous Foods: All Chocolate Feb 06, 2023

Both of these eponymous foods feature chocolate, but they also both feature some issues with timelines and attribution that need to be unraveled.

Research:

Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell. “The Baker Chocolate Company: A Sweet History.” History Press. Charleston, S.C. 2009. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/bakerchocolateco00samm/page/80/mode/2up
“Celebrating Not-So-German Chocolate Cake.” NPR. All Things Considered. June 23, 2007. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11331541
Asher Edwards advertisement. Goldsboro Messenger. Nov. 18, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62317791/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Pat’s Steak House advertisement. The Welsh Citizen. October 12, 1951. https://www.newspapers.com/image/855431677/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“This is the Youngland Look for Fall.” Lincoln Journal Star. July 19, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/312770953/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“A Tested Recipe.” Star Tribune. Dec. 2, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/180802997/?terms=%22German%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“Miss Florence Davis Charms Family With German Chocolate Cake Recipe.” Denton Record-Chronicle. January 27, 1952. https://www.newspapers.com/image/36794004/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“German Sweet Chocolate Cake.” The Guthrie Daily Leader. Feb. 3, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/image/591933621/?clipping_id=79147909&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjU5MTkzMzYyMSwiaWF0IjoxNjczNjYzMDYxLCJleHAiOjE2NzM3NDk0NjF9.1-IZfz1ipCaYbFDzYrvI4l8vbgh-yruhCMNpjLUZVe4
“County Cook’s Corner.” Taylor Daily Press. July 24, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/52547082/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Bode, Mary Jane. “Anything, Just So Long As It Is With Chocolate.” Austin American-Statesman. Sept 4, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/356073125/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Lundeen, Kay. “Buttermilk Mystery Solved.” The Eugene Guard. August 21, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/140086242/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“German Chocolate Cake.” Chickasha Daily Express. April 28, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/image/591919201/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Garrison, Eudora. “Here’s That Chocolate Cake Again.” The Charlotte Observer. Oct. 10, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/619939965/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“Curried Chicken Asparagus Salad.” Cookin’ With Daisy. Irving News Record. May 10, 1956. https://www.newspapers.com/image/44445870/?terms=%22Summer%20German%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
United States Copyright Office. “Works Not Protected by Copyright.” Circular 33. March 2021. https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ33.pdf
“History of Pecans.” Texas A&M. https://pecankernel.tamu.edu/history-of-pecans/
Dysard, Virginia. “German’s Cake Sweeps Country.” Sept 1, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/398144745/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
“German Sweet Chocolate Cake.” The Llano News. June 6, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/image/11305935/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Lacy, Mary. “Favorite Recipes – Jefferson County Variety.” Waurika News-Democrat. January 31, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/image/590019658/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Treaster, Hazel Hogan. “Home Tested Recipes.” Oklahoma City Advertiser. January 11, 1957. https://www.newspapers.com/image/594427114/?terms=%22German%27s%20Chocolate%20Cake%22&match=1
Byrn, Anne. “American Cake.” Rodale. 2016.
Eschner, Kat. “Tootsie Rolls Were WWII Energy Bars.” Smithsonian. Feb. 23, 2017.
Hirschfeld, Leo. “Process of making candy.” 1907. https://patents.google.com/patent/US903088
“Kills Himself in Hotel.” New York Times. January 14, 1922. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/01/14/109830963.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Kawash, Samira. “Tootsie Roll Tragedy: The Real Leo Hirschfeld Story.” CandyProfessor. Jan. 4, 2014. Accessed on Wayback Machine: https://web.archive.org/web/20160319022205/http://candyprofessor.com/2014/01/04/tootsie-roll-tragedy-the-real-leo-hirschfeld-story/
Kawash, Samira. “Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure.” Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2013.
Tootsie Roll Industries. “Company Timeline.” https://tootsie.com/interactive-timeline/

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SYMHC Classics: Constance Markievicz Feb 04, 2023

This 2018 episode covers Constance Markievicz, who came from a wealthy Protestant family before making a somewhat surprising transition to become a leader in the Irish Nationalist movement.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Colette, a Mixed Bag Feb 03, 2023

Tracy tells Holly about Henry de Jouvenel's dislike of Colette's book "Chéri." They also discuss the question marks regarding Maurice and how he felt about various things in the life he and Colette shared.

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Colette, Part 2 Feb 01, 2023

Part two of Colette's story picks up during her marriage to Henri de Jouvenel through the end of her life. Despite her life's many scandals, by the time she died Colette was regarded as a national icon in France.

Research:

Roberts, Michele. "Chic lit: The enduring fascination of Colette." TLS. Times Literary Supplement, no. 6220, 17 June 2022, p. 5. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A707876520/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=41de6a9f. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Hoeness-Krupsaw, Susanna. "Colette: Overview." Feminist Writers, edited by Pamela Kester-Shelton, St. James Press, 1996. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1420001782/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=69de6bc0. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Davies, Margaret. "(Sidonie-Gabrielle) Colette." French Novelists, 1900-1930, edited by Catharine Savage Brosman, Gale, 1988. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 65. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1200003919/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=1724173b. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Janeway, Elizabeth. “Sorcerer’s Apprentice.” New York Times. 5/1/1966. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/10/17/specials/colette-delights.html
LaPointe, Michael. “The Brilliance of Colette, A Novelist Who Prioritized Body Over Mind.” The New Yorker. 11/15/2022. https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-brilliance-of-colette-a-novelist-who-prized-the-body-over-the-mind
Evans, Elinor. “Who was the real Colette?” History Extra. 1/9/2019. https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/colette-film-history-keira-knightley-wash-westmoreland-french-writer-sidonie-gabrielle-willy-claudine-novels/
Allen, Brooke. “Colette: The Literary Marianne.” The Hudson Review , Summer, 2000, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Summer, 2000). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3852872
Thurman, Judith. “Secrets of the Flesh: A Life of Colette.” Ballantine Books. New York. 1999.

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Colette, Part 1 Jan 30, 2023

Love, passion, desire and pleasure are running themes in Colette's writing and her life. And that life was seen as really scandalous and even notorious, especially in her younger years.

Research:

Roberts, Michele. "Chic lit: The enduring fascination of Colette." TLS. Times Literary Supplement, no. 6220, 17 June 2022, p. 5. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A707876520/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=41de6a9f. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Hoeness-Krupsaw, Susanna. "Colette: Overview." Feminist Writers, edited by Pamela Kester-Shelton, St. James Press, 1996. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1420001782/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=69de6bc0. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Davies, Margaret. "(Sidonie-Gabrielle) Colette." French Novelists, 1900-1930, edited by Catharine Savage Brosman, Gale, 1988. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 65. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1200003919/LitRC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-LitRC&xid=1724173b. Accessed 14 Dec. 2022.
Janeway, Elizabeth. “Sorcerer’s Apprentice.” New York Times. 5/1/1966. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/10/17/specials/colette-delights.html
LaPointe, Michael. “The Brilliance of Colette, A Novelist Who Prioritized Body Over Mind.” The New Yorker. 11/15/2022. https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-brilliance-of-colette-a-novelist-who-prized-the-body-over-the-mind
Evans, Elinor. “Who was the real Colette?” History Extra. 1/9/2019. https://www.historyextra.com/period/victorian/colette-film-history-keira-knightley-wash-westmoreland-french-writer-sidonie-gabrielle-willy-claudine-novels/
Allen, Brooke. “Colette: The Literary Marianne.” The Hudson Review , Summer, 2000, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Summer, 2000). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3852872
Thurman, Judith. “Secrets of the Flesh: A Life of Colette.” Ballantine Books. New York. 1999.

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SYMHC Classics: The Montgolfier Brothers Jan 28, 2023

This 2016 episode covers two inventive brothers who came up with an idea to set humans aloft. The Montgolfiers were among many inventors working toward flight in the 18th century, but they often get all the attention.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Macs and Fletcher Jan 27, 2023

Holly and Tracy talk about Thomas Hancock, and their own experiences with raincoats. Then they discuss the food fad of Fletcherism, and the personality of Fletcher himself.

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Horace Fletcher, the Great Masticator Jan 25, 2023

Horace Fletcher is best known for starting a food fad in that came to be known as Fletcherism. This early 20th century fad involved, in part, chewing your food A LOT.

Research:

Bauerlein, Mark. "The Correspondence of William James. Vol. 3: William and Henry. 1897-1910." The Henry James Review, vol. 16 no. 1, 1995, p. 115-117. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/hjr.1995.0002.
Crowninshield, Francis W. “Manners for the Metropolis: An Entrance Key to the Fantastic Life of the 400.” New York. D. Appleton and Company. 1909. Via Babel Trust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31175009622302
Feltman, Rachel. “Fact: Horace Fletcher became a millionaire lifestyle influencer by telling people to chew as much as possible.” Popular Science. 4/26/2021. https://www.popsci.com/story/science/weirdest-thing-fletcherism-wawa-genetic-testing/
Fleissner, Jennifer L. "Henry James's Art of Eating." ELH, vol. 75 no. 1, 2008, p. 27-62. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/elh.2008.0001.
Franklin, Deborah. “Chew, Chew, Chew!” NPR. 7/13/2009. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2009/07/chew_chew_chew.html/
Kean, Sam. “Disappearing spoon: Chewing it Over—and Over and Over and Over.” Distillations. Podcast. 5/4/2021. https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/chewing-it-over-and-over-and-over-and-over
"Horace Fletcher." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310013484/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e3d11c0e. Accessed 13 Dec. 2022.
Levenstein, Harvey A. “Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet.” Berkeley : University of California Press. 2003.
New York Times. “HORACE FLETCHER DIES IN COPENHAGEN; Dietetics Expert Was Originator of a System for Proper Mastication of Food. HIS EXPERIMENTS AT YALE Official Food Economist Taught ‘Fletcherism’ to 8,000,000 Starving Belgians During the War.” 1/14/1919. https://www.nytimes.com/1919/01/14/archives/horace-fletcher-dies-in-copenhagen-dietetics-expert-was-originator.html
Temple, Holly Eliza. “Repast: Horace Fletcher, the Original Food Faddist.” This Is Mold. 5/21/2021. https://thisismold.com/profile/repast/repast-horace-fletcher-the-original-food-faddist
Walthausen, Abby. “Fletcherizing Was the Juicing of the 1890s.” MyRecipes. 2/13/2018. https://www.myrecipes.com/extracrispy/fletcherizing-was-the-juicing-of-the-1890s
Roach, Mary. “How Many Times Should You Chew Your Food?” Adapted from Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal. Slate. 4/10/2013. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/04/excerpt_of_mary_roach_s_gulp_how_many_times_should_you_chew_a_bite_of_food.html
Fletcher, Horace. “Menticulture; or, the A-B-C of True Living.” Chicago. A.C. Mcclurg & Company. 1895.
Fletcher, Horace. “Happiness as Found in Forethought Minus Fearthought.” New York. Frederick A. Stokes Company. 1898.
Fletcher, Horace. “That Last Waif, Or, Social Quarantine: A Brief.” New York. Frederick A Stokes Company. 1898, 1909.
Fletcher, Horace. “The New Glutton, Or, Epicure.” New York. Frederick A Stokes Company. 1899, 1903.
Fletcher, Horace. “A.B.C. of Snap Shooting.” San Francisco. Published by the Author. 1880.
Fletcher, Horace. “The A.B.-Z. of Our Own Nutrition.” New York. Frederick A Stokes Company. 1903.
Fletcher, Horace. “Fletcherism: What It Is, Or, How I Became Young At Sixty.” Frederick A. Stokes Company. 1913.
Chittenden, Russell H. “Physiological Economy in Nutrition.” Popular Science Monthly Volume 63 June 1903. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_63/June_1903/Physiological_Economy_in_Nutrition
Chittenden, Russell H. “Physiological Economy in Nutrition.” Popular Science Monthly Volume 63 June 1903. “The Influence of Diet on Endurance and General Efficiency.” Popular Science Monthly Volume 71 December 1907. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_71/December_1907/The_Influence_of_Diet_on_Endurance_and_General_Efficiency
Chicago Tribune. “New Orleans Celebrites.” 3/29/1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349889192/
The Courier-Journal. “Horace Fletcher, Famous Dietician, Never Grew ‘Old’ Because He Knew How One Should Live.” The Courier-Journal. Louisville, KY. 6/22/1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118906814/
The Times-Democrat. “French Opera Debt.” New Orleans Times-Democrat. 3/27/1894.

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The Invention of the Raincoat Jan 23, 2023

Humans have worked on ways to make garments water resistant almost since they started to wear them. But figuring out how to manufacture a raincoat using rubber was a big breakthrough that took centuries.

Research:

Lennox, Henry G., et al. “Journal of the Society for Arts, Vol. 18, No. 891.” The Journal of the Society of Arts, vol. 18, no. 891, 1869, pp. 79–100. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41334811
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Charles Macintosh". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Macintosh
“Charles Macintosh (1766-1843).” National Records of Scotland. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/macintosh-charles
SCHURER. “The Macintosh: The Paternity of an Invention.” Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 28:1, 77-87. 1951. DOI: 10.1179/tns.1951.005
“Charles Macintosh and Co’s Refined Malt Vinegar.” The Guardian. July 10, 1824. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258953661/?terms=%22Charles%20Macintosh%22&match=1
Collins, James. “On India-Rubber, Its History, Commerce, and Supply.” Journal of the Society for the Arts. Vol. 18, No. 891. December 17, 1869. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41334811.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A47aaf204b9a6b07bd54c57cbe9b521ce&ab_segments=&origin=&acceptTC=1
Porritt, B. D. “THE RUBBER INDUSTRY—PAST AND PRESENT.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 67, no. 3460, 1919, pp. 252–67. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41347919
Hancock, Thomas. “Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc Or India-rubber Manufacture in England.” Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts. 1857. Accessed online: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Personal_Narrative_of_the_Origin_and_Pro/Nvw7Q0F-QCUC?hl=en&gbpv=0
Somma, Ann Marie. “Charles Goodyear and the Vulcanization of Rubber.” ConnecticutHistory.org. Dec. 29, 2014. https://connecticuthistory.org/charles-goodyear-and-the-vulcanization-of-rubber/
“Return of the Mac: The reinvention of Mackintosh.” The Independent. October 8, 2007. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/return-of-the-mac-the-reinvention-of-mackintosh-744339.html
Marshik, Celia. “At the Mercy of Their Clothes: Modernism, the Middlebrow, and British Garment Culture.” Columbia University Press. 2017.
Macintosh, George. “Biographical Memoir of the Late Charles Macintosh.” W.G. Blackie & Company. 1847. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biographical_Memoir_of_the_Late_Charles/yd0AAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

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SYMHC Classics: Walter Reed Jan 21, 2023

This 2014 episode covers Reed’s truly groundbreaking work into the causes and prevention of yellow fever, building on a foundation of other doctors and researchers. His work impacted public health and the American military's ability to work in tropical locations.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Wrapping 2022’s Unearthed! Jan 20, 2023

Tracy and Holly talk about the news that broke just after the start of 2023, and also how Tracy might consider eating roasted watermelon seeds. They also discuss collectors of old denim.

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Unearthed! Year-end 2022, Part 2 Jan 18, 2023

Part two of our Unearthed! wrap up of 2022 covers a potpourri of stuff that didn’t go together, books and letters, edibles and potables, and apparel, including more than one pair of blue jeans.

Research:

“Chemical clues to the mystery of what’s coating Stradivari’s violins.” 10/25/2022. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/newsreleases/2022/october/chemical-clues-to-the-mystery-of-whats-coating-stradivaris-violins.html
Alex, Bridget. “Why Prehistoric Herders Didn’t Spit Out Their Watermelon Seeds.” Smithsonian. 11/3/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/watermelon-seeds-were-snacked-before-its-flesh-became-sweet-180981008/
Andalou Agency. “Rare 1,800-year-old medal bearing Medusa discovered in SE Türkiye.” 10/5/2022. https://www.dailysabah.com/gallery/rare-1800-year-old-medal-bearing-medusa-discovered-in-se-turkiye/images
“Researchers identify bird species depicted in ancient, finely detailed Egyptian painting.” Via Phys.org. 12/27/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-12-bird-species-depicted-ancient-finely.html
Armstrong, Kathryn. “Ireland to return mummified remains and sarcophagus to Egypt.” BBC. 12/8/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63908027
Aronsky, Tali. “First sentence ever written in Canaanite language discovered: Plea to eradicate beard lice.” EurekAlert. 11/8/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/970428
Associated Press. “Massachusetts museum returns sacred items to Sioux tribes.” 11/6/2022. https://apnews.com/article/travel-museums-massachusetts-south-dakota-5468cac3216c4ef489a70bfb8830b846
Associated Press. “Swedes find 17th century sister vessel to famed Vasa warship.” 10/25/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-10-swedes-17th-century-sister-vessel.html
Bardan, Roxana. “NASA Views Images, Confirms Discovery of Shuttle Challenger Artifact.” NASA. 11/10/2022. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-views-images-confirms-discovery-of-shuttle-challenger-artifact
Barkin, Joel. “Colgate University Repatriates More than 1,500 Funerary Objects and to the Oneida Indian Nation, Apologizes for Acquisition of Cultural Artifacts.” 11/9/2022. https://www.oneidaindiannation.com/colgate-university-repatriates-more-than-1500-funerary-objects-and-to-the-oneida-indian-nation-apologizes-for-acquisition-of-cultural-artifacts/
Benzine, Vittoria. “Archaeologists Recovered 275 Artifacts From the Wreck of a 19th-Century Ship That Sunk in the Search for the Northwest Passage.” Artnet. 12/26/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/hms-erebus-parks-canada-recovered-artifacts-leather-folio-2236362
Cheshire, Ben. “Somerton Man Charles Webb's true identity revealed in family photographs and divorce papers.” Australian Story. 11/20/2022. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-21/somerton-manfamily-photographs-revealed-/101643524
City of Tulsa. “1921 Graves Investigation Update – November 15, 2022.” Press release. https://www.cityoftulsa.org/press-room/1921-graves-investigation-update-november-15-2022/
Dartmouth College. “Ancient stone tools from China provide earliest evidence of rice harvesting.” Phys.org. 12/7/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-12-ancient-stone-tools-china-earliest.html
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 1,900-Year-Old Snacks in Sewers Beneath the Colosseum.” Smithsonian. 12/2/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-roman-spectator-snacks-dog-bones-discovered-in-colosseum-dig-180981211/
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 24 Bronze Statues, Preserved in Tuscan Spa for 2,300 Years.” Smithsonian. 11/10/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/groundbreaking-ancient-roman-bronze-statues-discovered-in-tuscany-180981105/
Enking, Molly. “Pope Francis Will Return Parthenon Sculptures to Greece.” Smithsonian. 12/23/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/vatican-museum-will-return-parthenon-sculptures-to-greece-180981354/
Enking, Molly. “The First-Ever List of Japanese Americans Forced Into Incarceration Camps Is 1,000 Pages Long.” Smithsonian. 11/18/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/list-japanese-americans-internment-camps-ireicho-180981133/
Feldman, Ella. “For 158 Years, a Cézanne Portrait Hid Behind a Still Life of Bread and Eggs.” Smithsonian. 12/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/for-158-years-a-cezanne-self-portrait-hid-behind-a-still-life-of-bread-and-eggs-180981323/
Feldman, Ella. “Harvard Museum Pledges to Return Hair Samples of 700 Native American Children.” 11/16/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/harvard-museum-apologizes-for-owning-700-hair-samples-of-native-american-children-180981135/
Feldman, Ella. “Who Is Behind This Vermeer Painting? Probably Not Vermeer.” Smithsonian. 10/11/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/who-is-behind-this-johannes-vermeer-painting-probably-not-vermeer-180980919/
Fraňková, Ruth. “Unique Bronze Age belt discovered near Opava.” Radio Prague International. 10/7/2022. https://english.radio.cz/unique-bronze-age-belt-discovered-near-opava-8763557
Government of Mexico. “223 archaeological pieces are returned to Mexico in collaboration with the Netherlands.” Press Release 477. https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/223-archaeological-pieces-are-returned-to-mexico-in-collaboration-with-the-netherlands?tab=
Graziadei, Jason. “Remains Of Shipwreck Discovered Along Nantucket's South Shore.” Nantucket Current. 12/5/2022. https://www.nantucketcurrent.com/remains-of-shipwreck-discovered-along-nantucket-s-south-shore
Herschel Museum of Astronomy. “Giving Caroline Her Voice Back.” https://herschelmuseum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Herschel-Museum-buys-Caroline-Herschels-memoirs-FINAL.pdf
Hill, Amelia. “Early medieval female burial site is ‘most significant ever discovered’ in UK.” The Guardian. 12/6/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/dec/06/medieval-female-burial-site-found-near-harpole-is-most-significant-ever-discovered-in-uk
Hill, Michael. “University returning 1,500 artifacts to Oneida Indian Nation.” Associated Press. 11/8/2022. https://apnews.com/article/science-new-york-oneida-colgate-university-0b3c3f434d9fd4f5e71066a347ef9c1b
Holpuch, Amanda. “Pants Recovered From Shipwreck Sell for $114,000 at Auction.” New York Times. 12/11/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/11/us/jeans-shipwreck-auction.html
Hunt, Katie. “The Black Death is still affecting the human immune system.” CNN. 10/19/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/19/world/black-death-plague-immune-system-scn-wellness/index.html
Hurriyet Daily News. “Smuggled artifacts return to Türkiye.” 11/14/2022. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/smuggled-artifacts-return-to-turkiye-178488
Kunze, Jenna. “After 130 Years, Massachusetts Museum Will Return Sacred Lakota Artifacts.” Native News Online. 10/10/2022. https://nativenewsonline.net/sovereignty/after-130-years-massachusetts-museum-will-return-sacred-lakota-artifacts
Kuta, Sarah. “A Medieval Manuscript Has Revealed the Oldest Known Map of the Stars.” Smithsonian. 10/24/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/medieval-manuscript-oldest-map-of-the-stars-Hipparchus-180980993/
Kuta, Sarah. “A World War II Shipwreck Is Leaking Toxic Chemicals Into the North Sea.” Smithsonian. 10/19/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-world-war-ii-shipwreck-is-leaking-toxic-chemicals-into-the-sea-180980970/
Kuta, Sarah. “Rewriting the Story of Ötzi, the Murdered Iceman.” Smithsonian. 11/10/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-true-story-behind-otzi-the-murdered-iceman-180981103/
Kuta, Sarah. “Unusual 120-Year-Old Whaleback Shipwreck Discovered in Lake Superior.” Smithsonian. 10/27/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/unusual-120-year-old-whaleback-shipwreck-discovered-in-lake-superior-180981012/
Kuta, Sarah. “Woman’s Name and Doodles Found Hidden in 1,200-Year-Old Religious Manuscript.” Smithsonian. 12/6/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/womans-name-and-doodles-found-in-1200-year-old-religious-manuscript-180981240/
Larson, Clarise. “Southeast Alaska village of Kake welcomes artifacts — some over 200 years old — back home.” Anchorage Daily News. 11/27/2022. https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/rural-alaska/2022/11/27/southeast-alaska-village-of-kake-welcomes-artifacts-some-over-200-years-old-back-home/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Cologne Hands Back 92 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria, But a Few Will Remain in Germany on Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 12/16/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/benin-bronzes-cologne-2231179
Mair, George. “Remains of Pictish period cross with bird carvings uncovered in Scottish kirkyard.” The Scotsman. 10/21/2022. https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/remains-of-pictish-period-cross-with-bird-carvings-uncovered-in-scottish-kirkyard-3888200
net. “Medieval shipwreck’s cargo revealed by researchers.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/10/medieval-shipwrecks-cargo-revealed-by-researchers/
net. “Two medieval shipwrecks discovered in Sweden.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/12/two-medieval-shipwrecks-discovered-in-sweden/
Melin, Thomas. “Skaftö wreck’s cargo tells a tale of 15th century trade routes.” University of Gothenburg via EurekAlert. 10/24/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/968872
Metcalfe, Tom. “Thor's Hammer amulet from Viking Age unearthed in Sweden.” LiveScience. 11/1/2022. https://www.livescience.com/thor-hammer-amulet-found-sweden
Miller, Ken. “21 new coffins found in search for Tulsa Massacre victims.” Associated Press. Via Phys.org. 11/2/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-graves-tulsa-massacre-victims.html
Morales, Mark and Dakin Andone. “Philadelphia police reveal identity of child found dead inside a box 65 years ago.” CNN. 12/9/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/08/us/philadelphia-boy-in-box-thursday/index.html
Nicioli, Taylor. “Medieval ship found in Norway’s biggest lake.” 12/12/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/12/world/norway-medieval-shipwreck-found-scn/index.html
Nicioli, Taylor. “Rare 300-foot whaleback boat discovered at the bottom of Lake Superior.” CNN. 10/20/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/20/world/whaleback-barge-129-shipwreck-great-lakes-scn/index.html
“Wreck from Wadden Sea reveals 17th-century wedding dress.” 11/11/2022. https://nos-nl.translate.goog/artikel/2451961-wrak-uit-waddenzee-geeft-17de-eeuwse-trouwjurk-prijs?_x_tr_sl=nl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
Osborne, Margaret. “Explorers Find Cameras Abandoned by Mountain Climbers in 1937.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/explorers-find-cameras-abandoned-by-mountain-climbers-in-1937-180981048/
Osborne, Margaret. “Scientists Find Plaster Copies of Fossil Destroyed by Nazis.” 11/7/2022. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-find-plaster-copies-of-fossil-destroyed-by-nazis-180981080/
Poggioli, Sylvia. “Discovery of ancient bronze statues in Italy may rewrite Etruscan and Roman history.” NPR. 12/3/2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/03/1138904735/italy-ancient-bronze-statues-discovery-tuscany
“Disputed oil sketch in Dutch museum is a Rembrandt, research finds.” 11/3/2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/disputed-oil-sketch-dutch-museum-is-rembrandt-research-finds-2022-11-03/
Ruane, Michael. “Bones of ancient native dogs found at Jamestown.” Washington Post. 12/29/2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/12/29/dogs-native-jamestown-discovered/
Siggins, Lorna. “Research finds mysterious structure in Cork Harbour is prehistoric tomb.” Irish Examiner. 10/18/2022. https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-40986065.html
Solomon, Tessa. “Netherlands Returned More Than 200 Pre-Hispanic Artifacts To Mexico.” ArtNews. 12/9/2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/netherlands-returned-pre-hispanic-artifacts-to-mexico-1234649810/
Southern Methodist University. "For 400 years, Indigenous tribes buffered climate's impact on wildfires in the American Southwest." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 December 2022. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221207142213.htm.
The History Blog. “14th c. cog shipwrecks found in Sweden.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65803
The History Blog. “Bronze Medusa medallion found.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65302
Turnbull, Tiffanie. “Tasmanian tiger: Remains of last thylacine found in cupboard after 85 years.” BBC News. 12/5/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-63855426
University of the Basque Country. “One of Europe's most ancient domestic dogs lived in the Basque Country.” Science Daily. 11/28/2022. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221128101244.htm
Vang, Gia. “Pair of 1880s Levi's Sold for $76,000 at Auction. They Reveal a Dark Part of US History.” NBC. 12/12/2022. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/vintage-1880s-levis-jeans-sold/3028900/
Weber, Bob. “'Hallowed space': Divers pull 275 artifacts from 2022 excavation of Franklin ship.” CBC. 12/19/2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-excavation-1.6690878
Whiddington, Richard. “The U.S. Has Returned Seven Very Ancient Seals That Were Looted From the Baghdad Museum After One Appeared in an Online Auction.” ArtNet. 12/15/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/seven-seals-returned-iraq-2230014
Willsher, Kim. “Notre Dame’s uncovered tombs start to reveal their secrets.” The Guardian. 12/9/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/09/notre-dames-uncovered-tombs-start-to-reveal-their-secrets
Wilson, Joseph. “Words on bronze hand may rewrite past of Basque language.” Phys.org. 11/16/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-words-bronze-rewrite-basque-language.html
Yirka, Bob. “New study of Ötzi the Iceman suggests his preservation story was not a series of miracles.” 11/9/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-tzi-iceman-story-series-miracles.html

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Unearthed! Year-end 2022, Part 1 Jan 16, 2023

It's time to cover things and stories that were unearthed in the last quarter of 2022. Part one covers a whole bunch of updates, a whole bunch of shipwrecks, and a whole bunch of repatriations.

Research:

“Chemical clues to the mystery of what’s coating Stradivari’s violins.” 10/25/2022. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/newsreleases/2022/october/chemical-clues-to-the-mystery-of-whats-coating-stradivaris-violins.html
Alex, Bridget. “Why Prehistoric Herders Didn’t Spit Out Their Watermelon Seeds.” Smithsonian. 11/3/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/watermelon-seeds-were-snacked-before-its-flesh-became-sweet-180981008/
Andalou Agency. “Rare 1,800-year-old medal bearing Medusa discovered in SE Türkiye.” 10/5/2022. https://www.dailysabah.com/gallery/rare-1800-year-old-medal-bearing-medusa-discovered-in-se-turkiye/images
“Researchers identify bird species depicted in ancient, finely detailed Egyptian painting.” Via Phys.org. 12/27/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-12-bird-species-depicted-ancient-finely.html
Armstrong, Kathryn. “Ireland to return mummified remains and sarcophagus to Egypt.” BBC. 12/8/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63908027
Aronsky, Tali. “First sentence ever written in Canaanite language discovered: Plea to eradicate beard lice.” EurekAlert. 11/8/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/970428
Associated Press. “Massachusetts museum returns sacred items to Sioux tribes.” 11/6/2022. https://apnews.com/article/travel-museums-massachusetts-south-dakota-5468cac3216c4ef489a70bfb8830b846
Associated Press. “Swedes find 17th century sister vessel to famed Vasa warship.” 10/25/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-10-swedes-17th-century-sister-vessel.html
Bardan, Roxana. “NASA Views Images, Confirms Discovery of Shuttle Challenger Artifact.” NASA. 11/10/2022. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-views-images-confirms-discovery-of-shuttle-challenger-artifact
Barkin, Joel. “Colgate University Repatriates More than 1,500 Funerary Objects and to the Oneida Indian Nation, Apologizes for Acquisition of Cultural Artifacts.” 11/9/2022. https://www.oneidaindiannation.com/colgate-university-repatriates-more-than-1500-funerary-objects-and-to-the-oneida-indian-nation-apologizes-for-acquisition-of-cultural-artifacts/
Benzine, Vittoria. “Archaeologists Recovered 275 Artifacts From the Wreck of a 19th-Century Ship That Sunk in the Search for the Northwest Passage.” Artnet. 12/26/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/hms-erebus-parks-canada-recovered-artifacts-leather-folio-2236362
Cheshire, Ben. “Somerton Man Charles Webb's true identity revealed in family photographs and divorce papers.” Australian Story. 11/20/2022. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-21/somerton-manfamily-photographs-revealed-/101643524
City of Tulsa. “1921 Graves Investigation Update – November 15, 2022.” Press release. https://www.cityoftulsa.org/press-room/1921-graves-investigation-update-november-15-2022/
Dartmouth College. “Ancient stone tools from China provide earliest evidence of rice harvesting.” Phys.org. 12/7/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-12-ancient-stone-tools-china-earliest.html
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 1,900-Year-Old Snacks in Sewers Beneath the Colosseum.” Smithsonian. 12/2/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-roman-spectator-snacks-dog-bones-discovered-in-colosseum-dig-180981211/
Enking, Molly. “Archaeologists Find 24 Bronze Statues, Preserved in Tuscan Spa for 2,300 Years.” Smithsonian. 11/10/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/groundbreaking-ancient-roman-bronze-statues-discovered-in-tuscany-180981105/
Enking, Molly. “Pope Francis Will Return Parthenon Sculptures to Greece.” Smithsonian. 12/23/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/vatican-museum-will-return-parthenon-sculptures-to-greece-180981354/
Enking, Molly. “The First-Ever List of Japanese Americans Forced Into Incarceration Camps Is 1,000 Pages Long.” Smithsonian. 11/18/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/list-japanese-americans-internment-camps-ireicho-180981133/
Feldman, Ella. “For 158 Years, a Cézanne Portrait Hid Behind a Still Life of Bread and Eggs.” Smithsonian. 12/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/for-158-years-a-cezanne-self-portrait-hid-behind-a-still-life-of-bread-and-eggs-180981323/
Feldman, Ella. “Harvard Museum Pledges to Return Hair Samples of 700 Native American Children.” 11/16/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/harvard-museum-apologizes-for-owning-700-hair-samples-of-native-american-children-180981135/
Feldman, Ella. “Who Is Behind This Vermeer Painting? Probably Not Vermeer.” Smithsonian. 10/11/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/who-is-behind-this-johannes-vermeer-painting-probably-not-vermeer-180980919/
Fraňková, Ruth. “Unique Bronze Age belt discovered near Opava.” Radio Prague International. 10/7/2022. https://english.radio.cz/unique-bronze-age-belt-discovered-near-opava-8763557
Government of Mexico. “223 archaeological pieces are returned to Mexico in collaboration with the Netherlands.” Press Release 477. https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/223-archaeological-pieces-are-returned-to-mexico-in-collaboration-with-the-netherlands?tab=
Graziadei, Jason. “Remains Of Shipwreck Discovered Along Nantucket's South Shore.” Nantucket Current. 12/5/2022. https://www.nantucketcurrent.com/remains-of-shipwreck-discovered-along-nantucket-s-south-shore
Herschel Museum of Astronomy. “Giving Caroline Her Voice Back.” https://herschelmuseum.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Herschel-Museum-buys-Caroline-Herschels-memoirs-FINAL.pdf
Hill, Amelia. “Early medieval female burial site is ‘most significant ever discovered’ in UK.” The Guardian. 12/6/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/dec/06/medieval-female-burial-site-found-near-harpole-is-most-significant-ever-discovered-in-uk
Hill, Michael. “University returning 1,500 artifacts to Oneida Indian Nation.” Associated Press. 11/8/2022. https://apnews.com/article/science-new-york-oneida-colgate-university-0b3c3f434d9fd4f5e71066a347ef9c1b
Holpuch, Amanda. “Pants Recovered From Shipwreck Sell for $114,000 at Auction.” New York Times. 12/11/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/11/us/jeans-shipwreck-auction.html
Hunt, Katie. “The Black Death is still affecting the human immune system.” CNN. 10/19/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/19/world/black-death-plague-immune-system-scn-wellness/index.html
Hurriyet Daily News. “Smuggled artifacts return to Türkiye.” 11/14/2022. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/smuggled-artifacts-return-to-turkiye-178488
Kunze, Jenna. “After 130 Years, Massachusetts Museum Will Return Sacred Lakota Artifacts.” Native News Online. 10/10/2022. https://nativenewsonline.net/sovereignty/after-130-years-massachusetts-museum-will-return-sacred-lakota-artifacts
Kuta, Sarah. “A Medieval Manuscript Has Revealed the Oldest Known Map of the Stars.” Smithsonian. 10/24/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/medieval-manuscript-oldest-map-of-the-stars-Hipparchus-180980993/
Kuta, Sarah. “A World War II Shipwreck Is Leaking Toxic Chemicals Into the North Sea.” Smithsonian. 10/19/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-world-war-ii-shipwreck-is-leaking-toxic-chemicals-into-the-sea-180980970/
Kuta, Sarah. “Rewriting the Story of Ötzi, the Murdered Iceman.” Smithsonian. 11/10/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-true-story-behind-otzi-the-murdered-iceman-180981103/
Kuta, Sarah. “Unusual 120-Year-Old Whaleback Shipwreck Discovered in Lake Superior.” Smithsonian. 10/27/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/unusual-120-year-old-whaleback-shipwreck-discovered-in-lake-superior-180981012/
Kuta, Sarah. “Woman’s Name and Doodles Found Hidden in 1,200-Year-Old Religious Manuscript.” Smithsonian. 12/6/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/womans-name-and-doodles-found-in-1200-year-old-religious-manuscript-180981240/
Larson, Clarise. “Southeast Alaska village of Kake welcomes artifacts — some over 200 years old — back home.” Anchorage Daily News. 11/27/2022. https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/rural-alaska/2022/11/27/southeast-alaska-village-of-kake-welcomes-artifacts-some-over-200-years-old-back-home/
Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Cologne Hands Back 92 Benin Bronzes to Nigeria, But a Few Will Remain in Germany on Long-Term Loan.” ArtNet. 12/16/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/benin-bronzes-cologne-2231179
Mair, George. “Remains of Pictish period cross with bird carvings uncovered in Scottish kirkyard.” The Scotsman. 10/21/2022. https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/remains-of-pictish-period-cross-with-bird-carvings-uncovered-in-scottish-kirkyard-3888200
net. “Medieval shipwreck’s cargo revealed by researchers.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/10/medieval-shipwrecks-cargo-revealed-by-researchers/
net. “Two medieval shipwrecks discovered in Sweden.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/12/two-medieval-shipwrecks-discovered-in-sweden/
Melin, Thomas. “Skaftö wreck’s cargo tells a tale of 15th century trade routes.” University of Gothenburg via EurekAlert. 10/24/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/968872
Metcalfe, Tom. “Thor's Hammer amulet from Viking Age unearthed in Sweden.” LiveScience. 11/1/2022. https://www.livescience.com/thor-hammer-amulet-found-sweden
Miller, Ken. “21 new coffins found in search for Tulsa Massacre victims.” Associated Press. Via Phys.org. 11/2/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-graves-tulsa-massacre-victims.html
Morales, Mark and Dakin Andone. “Philadelphia police reveal identity of child found dead inside a box 65 years ago.” CNN. 12/9/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/08/us/philadelphia-boy-in-box-thursday/index.html
Nicioli, Taylor. “Medieval ship found in Norway’s biggest lake.” 12/12/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/12/world/norway-medieval-shipwreck-found-scn/index.html
Nicioli, Taylor. “Rare 300-foot whaleback boat discovered at the bottom of Lake Superior.” CNN. 10/20/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/20/world/whaleback-barge-129-shipwreck-great-lakes-scn/index.html
“Wreck from Wadden Sea reveals 17th-century wedding dress.” 11/11/2022. https://nos-nl.translate.goog/artikel/2451961-wrak-uit-waddenzee-geeft-17de-eeuwse-trouwjurk-prijs?_x_tr_sl=nl&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
Osborne, Margaret. “Explorers Find Cameras Abandoned by Mountain Climbers in 1937.” Smithsonian. 10/31/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/explorers-find-cameras-abandoned-by-mountain-climbers-in-1937-180981048/
Osborne, Margaret. “Scientists Find Plaster Copies of Fossil Destroyed by Nazis.” 11/7/2022. Smithsonian. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-find-plaster-copies-of-fossil-destroyed-by-nazis-180981080/
Poggioli, Sylvia. “Discovery of ancient bronze statues in Italy may rewrite Etruscan and Roman history.” NPR. 12/3/2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/03/1138904735/italy-ancient-bronze-statues-discovery-tuscany
“Disputed oil sketch in Dutch museum is a Rembrandt, research finds.” 11/3/2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/disputed-oil-sketch-dutch-museum-is-rembrandt-research-finds-2022-11-03/
Ruane, Michael. “Bones of ancient native dogs found at Jamestown.” Washington Post. 12/29/2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/12/29/dogs-native-jamestown-discovered/
Siggins, Lorna. “Research finds mysterious structure in Cork Harbour is prehistoric tomb.” Irish Examiner. 10/18/2022. https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-40986065.html
Solomon, Tessa. “Netherlands Returned More Than 200 Pre-Hispanic Artifacts To Mexico.” ArtNews. 12/9/2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/netherlands-returned-pre-hispanic-artifacts-to-mexico-1234649810/
Southern Methodist University. "For 400 years, Indigenous tribes buffered climate's impact on wildfires in the American Southwest." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 7 December 2022. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221207142213.htm.
The History Blog. “14th c. cog shipwrecks found in Sweden.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65803
The History Blog. “Bronze Medusa medallion found.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65302
Turnbull, Tiffanie. “Tasmanian tiger: Remains of last thylacine found in cupboard after 85 years.” BBC News. 12/5/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-63855426
University of the Basque Country. “One of Europe's most ancient domestic dogs lived in the Basque Country.” Science Daily. 11/28/2022. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/11/221128101244.htm
Vang, Gia. “Pair of 1880s Levi's Sold for $76,000 at Auction. They Reveal a Dark Part of US History.” NBC. 12/12/2022. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/vintage-1880s-levis-jeans-sold/3028900/
Weber, Bob. “'Hallowed space': Divers pull 275 artifacts from 2022 excavation of Franklin ship.” CBC. 12/19/2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-excavation-1.6690878
Whiddington, Richard. “The U.S. Has Returned Seven Very Ancient Seals That Were Looted From the Baghdad Museum After One Appeared in an Online Auction.” ArtNet. 12/15/2022. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/seven-seals-returned-iraq-2230014
Willsher, Kim. “Notre Dame’s uncovered tombs start to reveal their secrets.” The Guardian. 12/9/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/09/notre-dames-uncovered-tombs-start-to-reveal-their-secrets
Wilson, Joseph. “Words on bronze hand may rewrite past of Basque language.” Phys.org. 11/16/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-words-bronze-rewrite-basque-language.html
Yirka, Bob. “New study of Ötzi the Iceman suggests his preservation story was not a series of miracles.” 11/9/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-11-tzi-iceman-story-series-miracles.html

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SYMHC Classics: The Darien Disaster Jan 14, 2023

This 2011 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers an attempt to start a Scottish colony in Panama in the late 1600s. But the expedition faced disease, death and poor trade, taking down the settlers -- and, ultimately, Scotland.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Bicycles and Miracles Jan 13, 2023

Tracy and Holly discuss the difficulty of remembering what topics have and haven’t been covered on the show. They also talk about group dynamics during arduous travel, and the miracle of the Hume and Hovell team’s survival.

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The Hume and Hovell Expedition of 1824 Jan 11, 2023

The Hume and Hovell Expedition of 1824 established some of the earliest knowledge that European colonists had about the interior of the Australian continent. It was also a journey filled with peril, frayed nerves, and bickering.

Research:

“Hume and Hovell.” State Library New South Wales. https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/hume-and-hovell
“THE LATE CAPTAIN HOVELL.” Australian Town and Country Journal. Nov. 13, 1875. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70586936
Watson, Captain J.H. “William Hilton Hovell.” The Sydney Morning Herald. Nov, 29, 1924. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/16179954
Perry, T.M. “Hovell, William Hilton (1786-1875).” Australian Dictionary of Biography. https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hovell-william-hilton-2202
“The Kate Mr. Hamilton Hume.” Australian Town and Country Journal. May 17, 1873. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70478485
“Hume, the Explorer.” Illustrated Australian News for Home Readers. May 20, 1873. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60446913
Hume, Stuart H. “Hume, Hamilton (1797-1873).” Australian Dictionary of Biography. https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hume-hamilton-2211
Webster, R.H. “Currency Lad - The Story of Hamilton Hume and the Explorers.” Leisure Magazines. Australia. 1982.
Hovell, William, and Hamilton Hume. “Journey of Discovery to Port Phillip.” Benediction Classics. 2012.
Lewis, Allan M. “In the Paths of Explorers.” Sydney Morning Herald. October 2, 1946. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17997013
Schuler, G.F.H. “Exploration of Australia.” Illustrated Australian News. January 1, 1891. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60444046

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Kittie Knox and the Bike Boom Jan 09, 2023

Kittie Knox was a cyclist during the bicycle boom of the late 19th century. She was biracial and became known not just for participating in a predominantly white sport, but also for the clothes she wore to do it.

Research:

Adams, Dan. “Ceremony honors cyclist who broke barriers: Kittie Knox showed pluck on wheels.” Boston Globe. 9/30/2013. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/09/29/long-forgotten-bicycling-pioneer-who-broke-race-and-gender-barriers-honored/VAtfz0av4PqeHuHLiOw3sI/story.html
Bashore, Melvin L. "Astoria: The Starting Point in Long-Distance Cycling." Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 123, no. 3, fall 2022, pp. 254+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A728470987/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b2fe7364. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
"Bicycle." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Dec. 2021. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Fbicycle%2F79113&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
"Bicycles." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2015, pp. 129-132. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3611000095/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=26448255. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
"Bicycling." American Eras, vol. 8: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899, Gale, 1997, pp. 401-402. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2536601761/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=53eefb1f. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
Boyd, Herb. “Kittie Knox of cycling fame and fashion.” New York Amsterdam News. 11/24/2022-11/30/2022.
Cambridge Black History Project. “Katherine T. ‘Kittie’ Knox.” http://cambridgeblackhistoryproject.org/project/kittie-knox/
Cycling Authority of America. “The Bearings.” Via Internet Archive. Vol. 7, no. 2 (Feb. 10, 1893) https://archive.org/details/bearings111895cycl/
“The Science of Cycling.” https://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/index.html
Finison, Lorenz J. “Boston’s Cycling Craze, 1880-1900: A Story of Race, Sport and Society.” University of Massachusetts Press. 2014.
Finison, Lorenz J., "Cycling Historiography, Evidence, and Methods" (2014). Boston’s Cycling Craze, 1880-1900: A Story of Race, Sport, and Society. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/umpress_bostoncycling/1
"FIRST CARGO ELECTRIC-ASSIST TRICYCLE ADDED TO CITY FLEET, NAMED AFTER KITTIE KNOX." States News Service, 21 Aug. 2020, p. NA. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A633136234/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=85ac573a. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
Friends of Mount Auburn. “A Monument for Kittie Knox.” 9/30/2013. https://www.mountauburn.org/aaht-knox-monument/
Friends of Mount Auburn. “Kittie Knox (1874 – 1900).” Mount Auburn Cemetery. https://www.mountauburn.org/kittie-knox-1874-1900/
Guroff, Margaret. “American Drivers Have Bicyclists to Thank for a Smooth Ride to Work.” Smithsonian. 9/12/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/american-drivers-thank-bicyclists-180960399/
A.W. Bulletin and Good Roads. July 1895. Via HathiTrust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433109933758&view=1up&seq=148
LaFrance, Adrienne. “How the Bicycle Paved the Way for Women's Rights.” 6/26/2014. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-technology-craze-of-the-1890s-that-forever-changed-womens-rights/373535/
Miller, Grace. “Breaking the Cycle: the Kittie Knox story.” Unbound: Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. 5/26/2020. https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2020/05/26/breaking-the-cycle-the-kittie-knox-story/#.Y4-yfXbMJPZ
National Women’s History Museum. “Pedaling the Path to Freedom: American Women on Bicycles.” 6/27/2017. https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/pedaling-path-freedom
Neejer, Christine. "A conservative road: the bicycling rhetoric of Mary Sargent Hopkins." Intertexts, vol. 18, no. 1, spring 2014, pp. 93+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A383327852/AONE?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=60f8ab60. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
Sani, Hamzat. “League Equity History.” League of American Bicyclists. https://www.bikeleague.org/content/mission-and-history
Simpson, Clare, and Rob Hess. "Bicycling." Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America, edited by Gary S. Cross, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, pp. 95-101. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3434800036/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b405085c. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
Smithsonian Bicycle Collection. “The Development of the Velocipede.” Smithsonian. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/si-bikes/si-bikes-velocipede
Stanford Braff, Carolyn. "The Perfect Time to Ride: A History of the League of American Wheelmen" (PDF). American Bicyclist: 18–23. November-December 2007.
Szczepanski, Carolyn. “Women’s (Bike) History: Kittie Knox.” League of American Bicyclists. 3/8/2013. https://www.bikeleague.org/content/womens-bike-history-kittie-knox
Tolman, Lynne. “League rights a wrong, lifting forgotten racial ban.” Worcester Telegram & Gazette. 5/30/1999. Via Major Taylor Association. https://www.majortaylorassociation.org/LAW.htm
“How Bikes Became One of the Best Things to Happen to Feminism.” 8/26/2019. https://transloc.com/blog/how-bikes-became-one-of-the-best-things-to-happen-to-feminism/

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SYMHC Classics: The Story of 'Happy Birthday to You' Jan 07, 2023

This 2013 episode covers Mildred and Patty Hill's song "Good Morning to All," published in 1893. After the tune was paired with the birthday lyrics, its popularity soared and sparked a tremendous copyright battle.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Unmentioned Pulitzer Jan 06, 2023

Holly and Tracy cover some of the details that were cut from the Pulitzer two-parter, including more information about his brother, artist George Luks, and a story of the Pulitzer family's home burning down.

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Pulitzer versus the U.S. Government (Part 2) Jan 04, 2023

In Pulitzer’s later years, he became embroiled in a heated legal battle with the U.S. government after his papers printed allegations that Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft were connected to shady dealings regarding the Panama Canal.

Research:

“SUPREME COURT ENDS PANAMA LIBEL SUIT.” New York Times. Jan. 3, 1911. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/04/104853177.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Topping, Seymour. “Biography of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer
“Was Slayback armed?” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Oct. 15, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571093643
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. “The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution.” U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Q-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThese+stories+need+no+investigation+whatever.+They+are+in+fact+wholly+and+in+form+partly+a+libel+upon+the+United+States+Government%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s
“Panama Secrets.” The Indianapolis News. October 20, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37283610/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
“Mr. Alonzo Slayback.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 13, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/137816694/?terms=slayback&match=2
“Died in Cairo, Egypt.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138232467/?terms=Slayback
“Francis Recalls the Killing of Col. A.W. Slayback.” The St. Louis Star and Times. October 14, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/204769546/?terms=Slayback
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bounty System". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bounty-Syste
“Standard Oil’s Monopoly on the Panama Canal.” Omaha World-Herald. Nov. 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/860064239/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
Vile, John R. “United States v. Press Publishing Co. (1911).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/609/united-states-v-press-publishing-co
Morris, James McGrath. “Pulitzer.” Harper Perennial 2010.
Peirce, Clyde. “The Panama Libel Cases.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 33, no. 2, 1937, pp. 171–86. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786879
“Extracts from the Will of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/extracts-will-joseph-pulitzer
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pulitzer
Csillag, Andras. “Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History.” American Jewish Archives. http://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1987_39_01_00_csillag.pdf
“Panama Canal Charges.” Weekly Town Talk (Alexandria, Louisiana). Dec. 19, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/212864982/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“Cromwell – Who? What? Why?” The Houston Post. November 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/94892307/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“The Inifinitude of Graft.” The Dispatch (Lexington, N.C.). Oct. 21, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62741584/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“Indianapolis News Put in Ananias Club.” Indianapolis Star. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118619631/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
“Roosevelt Bitter in Scoring Editors.” Indianapolis News. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37311537/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1

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Joseph Pulitzer and the Rise of Yellow Journalism (Part 1) Jan 02, 2023

Joseph Pulitzer is one of those pivotal figures in history, and his influence continues right on through today. Part one of this two-parter covers his early life, right up through his rivalry with William Randolph Hearst.

Research:

“SUPREME COURT ENDS PANAMA LIBEL SUIT.” New York Times. Jan. 3, 1911. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/01/04/104853177.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
Topping, Seymour. “Biography of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/biography-joseph-pulitzer
“Was Slayback armed?” St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Oct. 15, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/571093643
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. “The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution.” U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Q-AAAAYAAJ&dq=%E2%80%9CThese+stories+need+no+investigation+whatever.+They+are+in+fact+wholly+and+in+form+partly+a+libel+upon+the+United+States+Government%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s
“Panama Secrets.” The Indianapolis News. October 20, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37283610/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
“Mr. Alonzo Slayback.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Oct. 13, 1882. https://www.newspapers.com/image/137816694/?terms=slayback&match=2
“Died in Cairo, Egypt.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 11, 1896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138232467/?terms=Slayback
“Francis Recalls the Killing of Col. A.W. Slayback.” The St. Louis Star and Times. October 14, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/204769546/?terms=Slayback
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Bounty System". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bounty-Syste
“Standard Oil’s Monopoly on the Panama Canal.” Omaha World-Herald. Nov. 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/860064239/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
Vile, John R. “United States v. Press Publishing Co. (1911).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/609/united-states-v-press-publishing-co
Morris, James McGrath. “Pulitzer.” Harper Perennial 2010.
Peirce, Clyde. “The Panama Libel Cases.” Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 33, no. 2, 1937, pp. 171–86. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786879
“Extracts from the Will of Joseph Pulitzer.” The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/page/extracts-will-joseph-pulitzer
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Pulitzer". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pulitzer
Csillag, Andras. “Joseph Pulitzer's Roots in Europe: A Genealogical History.” American Jewish Archives. http://sites.americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1987_39_01_00_csillag.pdf
“Panama Canal Charges.” Weekly Town Talk (Alexandria, Louisiana). Dec. 19, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/212864982/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“Cromwell – Who? What? Why?” The Houston Post. November 1, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/94892307/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“The Inifinitude of Graft.” The Dispatch (Lexington, N.C.). Oct. 21, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/62741584/?terms=panama%20canal&match=1
“Indianapolis News Put in Ananias Club.” Indianapolis Star. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/118619631/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1
“Roosevelt Bitter in Scoring Editors.” Indianapolis News. Dec. 7, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/37311537/?terms=%22Who%20Got%20the%20Money%3F%22&match=1

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SYMHC Classics: A Brief History of Vodka Dec 31, 2022

This 2019 episode covers the story of vodka, which is closely tied to cultural identity for several countries. Where did it originate, and how did it evolve over time? We'll talk a bit about how vodka is made, where it came from, and how it's expanded to a global market.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Irving's World Dec 30, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about the movie "White Christmas" and how it has aged. They also discuss collectible sheet music and the idea of there being no definitive version of a song recording.

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Irving Berlin, Part 2 Dec 28, 2022

This second part of the story of Irving Berlin’s life picks up after WWI, and covers his family life, his rise to fame, and the controversies that were part of his career.

Research:

Bergreen, Laurence. “Irving Berlin: This Is the Army.” Prologue. Summer 1996, Vol. 28, No. 2 https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1996/summer/irving-berlin-1
Carlson, Olivia. “What’s White Christmas without Minstrelsy?” Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music. Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion. https://pages.stolaf.edu/americanmusic/2021/10/25/whats-white-christmas-without-minstrelsy/
CBS Sunday Morning. “American songsmith Irving Berlin.” Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV9uq8z2k5E
Greten, Paula Anne. “Irving Berlin.” American History. August 2006.
Hamm, Charles. “Irving Berlin -- Songs from the Melting Pot: The Formative Years, 1907-1914.” Oxford University Press. Via New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hamm-berlin.html
Hamm, Charles. “Alexander and His Band.” American Music , Spring, 1996, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring, 1996). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052459
Hyland, William G. “The Best Songwriter Of Them All.” Commentary. October 1990.
"Irving Berlin." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2419200098/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=be3b3028. Accessed 16 Nov. 2022.
Jewish Lives. “Irving Berlin.” Podcast. Episode 4. 11/18/2019.
Jewish Virtual Library. “Irving Berlin.” https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/irving-berlin
Judaism Unbound. “Bonus Episode: Irving Berlin – Judah Cohen (American Jewish History #5).” Podcast. Episode 248, October 2 2019.
Kaplan, James. “Irving Berlin: New York Genius.” Yale University Press. 2019.
Kennedy Center. “This Land is Your Land: The story behind the song.” https://www.kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-resources/media-and-interactives/media/music/story-behind-the-song/the-story-behind-the-song/this-land-is-your-land/
Magee, Jeffrey. "'Everybody Step': Irving Berlin, jazz, and Broadway in the 1920s." Journal of the American Musicological Society, vol. 59, no. 3, fall 2006, pp. 697+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A157180372/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=07c374cd. Accessed 16 Nov. 2022.
Markel, Howard. “How Irving Berlin’s blue skies turned to blue days.” PBS NewsHour. 9/24/2021. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/how-irving-berlins-blue-skies-turned-to-blue-days
Maslon, Laurence. “Overture.” (And following pages) The Irving Berlin Music Company. https://www.irvingberlin.com/overture
Schiff, David. “For Everyman, By Everyman.” The Atlantic Monthly. March 1996.
Spitzer, Nick. “The Story Of Woody Guthrie's 'This Land Is Your Land'.” NPR. 2/15/2012. https://www.npr.org/2000/07/03/1076186/this-land-is-your-land
The Irving Berlin Music Company. “Irving Berlin.” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d1974abe6594a72075321b/t/5a5f673eec212d2269841cf4/1516201791369/Irving+Berlin+-+official+biography.pdf
White, Timothy. “Irving Berlin Knew Pop Music’s Power.” Billboard. Vol. 111, Issue 21. 5/22/1999.
Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. v. Dieckhaus, 153 F.2d 893, 898 (8th Cir. 1946) https://casetext.com/case/twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-v-dieckhaus
Bornstein, George. "Say it with music." TLS. Times Literary Supplement, no. 5698, 15 June 2012, p. 9. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A667239228/LitRC?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=7d90f5a8. Accessed 2 Dec. 2022.

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Irving Berlin, Part 1 Dec 26, 2022

The immeasurably famous Irving Berlin seems like the perfect example of a U.S. immigrant success story. But reality is complicated and imperfect, and so was Berlin’s music-filled life.

Research:

Bergreen, Laurence. “Irving Berlin: This Is the Army.” Prologue. Summer 1996, Vol. 28, No. 2 https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1996/summer/irving-berlin-1
Carlson, Olivia. “What’s White Christmas without Minstrelsy?” Music 345: Race, Identity, and Representation in American Music. Student Blogs and Library Exhibit Companion. https://pages.stolaf.edu/americanmusic/2021/10/25/whats-white-christmas-without-minstrelsy/
CBS Sunday Morning. “American songsmith Irving Berlin.” Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV9uq8z2k5E
Greten, Paula Anne. “Irving Berlin.” American History. August 2006.
Hamm, Charles. “Irving Berlin -- Songs from the Melting Pot: The Formative Years, 1907-1914.” Oxford University Press. Via New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hamm-berlin.html
Hamm, Charles. “Alexander and His Band.” American Music , Spring, 1996, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Spring, 1996). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3052459
Hyland, William G. “The Best Songwriter Of Them All.” Commentary. October 1990.
"Irving Berlin." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2419200098/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=be3b3028. Accessed 16 Nov. 2022.
Jewish Lives. “Irving Berlin.” Podcast. Episode 4. 11/18/2019.
Jewish Virtual Library. “Irving Berlin.” https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/irving-berlin
Judaism Unbound. “Bonus Episode: Irving Berlin – Judah Cohen (American Jewish History #5).” Podcast. Episode 248, October 2 2019.
Kaplan, James. “Irving Berlin: New York Genius.” Yale University Press. 2019.
Kennedy Center. “This Land is Your Land: The story behind the song.” https://www.kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-resources/media-and-interactives/media/music/story-behind-the-song/the-story-behind-the-song/this-land-is-your-land/
Magee, Jeffrey. "'Everybody Step': Irving Berlin, jazz, and Broadway in the 1920s." Journal of the American Musicological Society, vol. 59, no. 3, fall 2006, pp. 697+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A157180372/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=07c374cd. Accessed 16 Nov. 2022.
Markel, Howard. “How Irving Berlin’s blue skies turned to blue days.” PBS NewsHour. 9/24/2021. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/how-irving-berlins-blue-skies-turned-to-blue-days
Maslon, Laurence. “Overture.” (And following pages) The Irving Berlin Music Company. https://www.irvingberlin.com/overture
Schiff, David. “For Everyman, By Everyman.” The Atlantic Monthly. March 1996.
Spitzer, Nick. “The Story Of Woody Guthrie's 'This Land Is Your Land'.” NPR. 2/15/2012. https://www.npr.org/2000/07/03/1076186/this-land-is-your-land
The Irving Berlin Music Company. “Irving Berlin.” https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d1974abe6594a72075321b/t/5a5f673eec212d2269841cf4/1516201791369/Irving+Berlin+-+official+biography.pdf
White, Timothy. “Irving Berlin Knew Pop Music’s Power.” Billboard. Vol. 111, Issue 21. 5/22/1999.
Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. v. Dieckhaus, 153 F.2d 893, 898 (8th Cir. 1946) https://casetext.com/case/twentieth-century-fox-film-corp-v-dieckhaus
Bornstein, George. "Say it with music." TLS. Times Literary Supplement, no. 5698, 15 June 2012, p. 9. Gale Literature Resource Center, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A667239228/LitRC?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=7d90f5a8. Accessed 2 Dec. 2022.

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SYMHC Classics: Who was Good King Wenceslas? Dec 24, 2022

This 2012 episode from prior hosts covers King Wenceslas. He's known from a Christmas carol, but was a 10th-century Bohemian prince, known for his kindness to children and promotion of Christianity. But he was murdered at only 22.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Calendars and Kitchen Gadgets Dec 23, 2022

Holly and Tracy discuss the disruptive French Republican calendar, banana dishes, the Universal Chopper, and other kitchen implements.

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Eponymous Foods: Fourth Course Dec 21, 2022

This eponymous foods episode only has two foods in it – and they couldn’t be more different! One is a flaming dessert, and one is a meat patty.

Research:

Salisbury, James Henry. “The Relation of Alimentation and Diseases.” New York. J.H. Vail and Company. 1888. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/relationaliment00saligoog/page/n10/mode/2up
“Universal Food Chopper.” John Fitzgerald Kenned National Historic Site. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/universal-food-chopper.htm
“Salisbury Steak.” The Windsor Review. April 8, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/335244076/?terms=%22salisbury%20steak%22&match=1
“Salisbury Steak.” Boston Evening Transcript. January 30, 1885. https://www.newspapers.com/image/735176198/?terms=%22salisbury%20steak%22&match=1
Bramen, Lisa. “Salisbury Steak: Civil War Health Food.” Smithsonian. June 22, 2011. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/salisbury-steak-civil-war-health-food-18584973/
McNulty, Ian. “The Brennan Family: A Luscious Legacy.” French Quarter.com. https://www.frenchquarter.com/brennan-family-legacy/
Rawley, Joe. “Historic Brennan’s Restaurant Closed.” June 28, 2013. https://wgno.com/news/historic-brennans-restaurant-closed/
MacCash, Doug. “Ralph Brennan unopposed in purchase of Brennan's restaurant name.” Nola.com/New Orleans Times-Picayune. July 8, 2014. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/ralph-brennan-unopposed-in-purchase-of-brennans-restaurant-name/article_144b89df-7991-5799-a6f8-ba05be1e9410.html
Evans, Edward and Fredy Ballen. “Banana Market.” University of Florida, IFAS Extension. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE901
Rodriguez, Fernando. “Lewd and Lascivious: French Quarter Clean-up Campaigns by Business and Civic Organizations in 1950s New Orleans.” Louisiana State University Doctoral Dissertations. July 21, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6712&context=gradschool_dissertations
Euraque, Dario A. “Cliché and Charicature.” Historians.org. May 12, 2021. https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/may-2021/clich%C3%A9-and-caricature-why-january-6-was-not-like-a-banana-republic#:~:text=Honduras%2C%20the%20first%20nation%20to,of%20bananas%20in%20the%20world.
“Dr. James Salisbury - Inventor of the Salisbury Steak.” The Village of Bratenahl. https://bratenahlhistorical.org/index.php/james-salisbury/
Brennan, Ella, and Ti Martin. “Miss Ella of Commander's Palace.” Gibbs Smith, 2016.
Bethune, Meredith. “The Sweet Success Of Bananas Foster Has An Unsavory Past.” NPR. September 30, 2016. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/30/493157144/the-sweet-success-of-bananas-foster-has-an-unsavory-past#:~:text=Bananas%20Foster%20was%20invented%20at%20Brennan's%20Restaurant.,-Kerri%20McCaffety%2FCourtesy&text=%22It%20was%20a%20huge%20product,was%20invented%20there%20in%201951.

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French Republican Calendar Dec 19, 2022

The new year approaches. But what if you had to learn a completely new calendar for the coming year? For about a dozen years starting in the late 19th century, France abandoned the Gregorian calendar for an entirely different one.

Research:

Alfred, Randy. “Sept. 22, 1792: Day One of Revolutionary Calendar.” Wired. Sept. 22, 2011. https://www.wired.com/2011/09/0922revolutionary-calendar/
Suplee, Curt. “A Brief History of Time-keeping.” Washington Post. Nov. 16, 1994. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/11/16/a-brief-history-of-time-keeping/1735193f-0c41-4657-af73-16e7b54a9665/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Gregorian calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "year". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Dec. 2015, https://www.britannica.com/science/year
Bickerman, E.J. , Ziadeh, Nicola Abdo , Buitenen, J.A.B. van , Proskouriakoff, Tatiana , Schmidt, John D. , Wiesenberg, E.J. , Lin, Chao and Ronan, Colin Alistair. "calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/science/calendar
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Julian calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jul. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/science/Julian-calendar
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Roman republican calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Apr. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/science/Roman-republican-calendar
Warren, Howard C. “Psychological Aspects of Calendar Reform.” The Scientific Monthly, vol. 33, no. 5, 1931, pp. 440–42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/15247
Carrigan, Richard A. “Decimal Time: Unlike the Metric System of Measurements, Decimal Time Did Not Survive the French Revolution. But Is Dividing the Day by Tens a Possibility for the Future?” American Scientist, vol. 66, no. 3, 1978, pp. 305–13. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27848641
Zerubavel, Eviatar. “The French Republican Calendar: A Case Study in the Sociology of Time.” American Sociological Review, vol. 42, no. 6, 1977, pp. 868–77. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2094573
Simon, Ed. “Why the French Revolution’s ‘Rational’ Calendar Wasn’t.” JSTOR Daily. May 23, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/why-the-french-revolutions-rational-calendar-wasnt/

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SYMHC Classics: Five First Flights Dec 17, 2022

This 2017 episode covers the Wright Brothers, yes, but also other contenders to the title of "first in flight," and each has their own compelling story and list of achievements.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Impossibles and Astors Dec 16, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about the artwork of Zinaida Serebriakova and the personal style of Ella Williams. They then discuss the ruthless business practices of John Jacob Astor and his son William.

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John Jacob Astor Dec 14, 2022

John Jacob Astor came to the U.S. from Germany not long after the colonies gained their independence as a nation. He made his first fortune in the fur trade, and then diversified his income and built a legendary fortune.

Research:

Irving, Washington. “Astoria, Or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains.” G.P. Putnams Sons. 1861. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Astoria/DAzBRmfcZloC?hl=en&gbpv=0
“ROMANCE OF THE HISTORIC EDEN FARM OWNED BY ASTOR FAMILY SINCE 1803.” New York Times. Feb. 29, 1920. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/02/29/118265256.html?pageNumber=80
Shachtman, Tom. “The Founding Fortunes: How the Wealthy Paid for and Profited from America's Revolution.” St. Martin's Press. 2020.
“John Jay’s Treaty, 1794–95.” U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/jay-treaty
Youngman, Anna. “The Fortune of John Jacob Astor.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 16, no. 6, 1908, pp. 345–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1820664
Youngman, Anna. “The Fortune of John Jacob Astor: II.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 16, no. 7, 1908, pp. 436–41. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1820843
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "John Jacob Astor". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jacob-Astor-American-businessman-1763-1848
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "American Fur Company". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Fur-Company
Ziak, Rex. “The Astor Dynasty.” The Astorian. Dec. 7, 2018. https://www.dailyastorian.com/news/the-astor-dynasty/article_d9163297-dfb7-5c77-83d8-3db1340017f7.html
Madsen, Axel. “John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire.” Wiley. 2001.

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Six Impossible Episodes: More Listener Requests Dec 12, 2022

Today’s six impossible episode subjects are all by listener request! Topics include the Iron Mountain baby, Leslie’s Retreat, Lady Hao, Ella Williams, and more. And these are examples of how short tales can sometimes have intense details.

Research:

“Tale of The Iron Mountain Baby.” Reprinted from the St. Louis Iron Mountain & Southern Railway ALL ABOARD Vol.16. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html
Dotson, Avery M. Pennsboro News, Pennsboro, West Virginia, August 21, 1980. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html
Nickell, Frank. “Almost Yesterday: The Iron Mountain Baby.” KRCU. 4/6/2021. https://www.krcu.org/2021-04-06/almost-yesterday-the-iron-mountain-baby
Max Hunter Folk Song Collection. “Iron Mountain Baby.” Cat. #1483 (MFH #296) - As sung by Laura Arthur, Springfield, Missouri on November 2, 1972. Missouri State. https://maxhunter.missouristate.edu/songinformation.aspx?ID=1483
Historic Ipswich. “Leslie’s Retreat, or how the Revolutionary War almost began in Salem, February 26, 1775.” 2/13/2019. https://historicipswich.org/2019/02/13/leslies-retreat-or-how-the-revolutionary-war-almost-began-in-salem/
Endicott, Charles Moses. “Account of Leslie's retreat at the North Bridge in Salem, on Sunday Feb'y 26, 1775.” 1856. https://archive.org/details/accountofleslies00endi/
Hoffer, Peter Charles. "Prelude to Revolution: The Salem Gunpowder Raid of 1775." Historical Journal of Massachusetts, vol. 44, no. 2, summer 2016, pp. 176+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A514101835/AONE?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=2a54e380. Accessed 11 Nov. 2022.
American History Central Staff. “Leslie's Retreat, the Salem Gunpowder Raid and Resistance.” American History Central. March 25, 2022. https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/leslies-retreat-and-the-salem-gunpowder-raid-resistance/
Chaffin, Cortney E. “War and Sacrifice: The Tomb of Fu Hao.” Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/imperial-china/shang-dynasty/a/war-and-sacrifice-the-tomb-of-fu-hao
Su, Minjie. “Queen, Priestess, General: The Legendary Life of Fu Hao.” Medievalists.net. 12/2018. https://www.medievalists.net/2018/12/queen-priestess-general-the-legendary-life-of-fu-hao/
Michigan Shaolin Wugong Temple. “Fu Hao – Earliest Known Woman Warrior in the World.” http://shaolintemplemi.org/fu-hao-earliest-known-woman-warrior-in-the-world.html
Elhassan, Khalid. “This Aristocratic Family Turned on its Abusive Patriarch.” History Collection. 11/14/2018. https://historycollection.com/this-aristocratic-family-turned-on-its-abusive-patriarch/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Beatrice Cenci". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beatrice-Cenci-Italian-noble. Accessed 14 November 2022.
Barberini Gallery. “Portrait of Beatrice Cenci.” https://www.barberinicorsini.org/en/opera/portrait-of-beatrice-cenci/
Gustin, Melissa L. “‘Corps a corps’: Martyrs, Models, and Myths in Harriet Hosmer's Beatrice Cenci.” Art History. Volume44, Issue4. September 2021. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1467-8365.12589
Nicholl, Charles. “Screaming in the Castle: The Case of Beatrice Cenci.” London Review of Books. 7/2/1998.
Leavitt, Dylan Hayley. “The Portrait of Beatrice Cenci.” PBS. 8/8/2016. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/stories/articles/2016/8/8/reni-portrait-beatrice-cenci-story
Hampton, Jada. “Ella Williams AKA Abomah the Giantess.” Uncle Junior Project. https://www.unclejrproject.com/ella-williams
Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette. “Two Stars.” 14 May 1914. Page 4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/791454377/
Sumter Daily Item. “Giant Negress In Columbia.” 4/20/1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668656281/
"Zinaida Serebriakova." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2021. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631011104/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5ed92220. Accessed 14 Nov. 2022.
Ermakova, Elizaveta. “Zinaida Serebriakova, First Famous Female Russian Artist.” Daily Art. 10/12/2021. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/zinaida-serebriakova-russian-artist/
Weaver, Katheryn. “Zinaida Serebriakova: An Undersung Painter of the Revolutionary Era.” Museum Studies Abroad. 7/18/2017. https://museumstudiesabroad.org/zinaida-serebriakova/

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SYMHC Classics: History's Unforgettable Fires Dec 10, 2022

In this 2011 episode, previous hosts Sarah and Deblina recount some of history's most famous fires, Including the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Fire of London, the Great Fire of Meireki, and the Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Food Saftey and Kitties Dec 09, 2022

Tracy and Holly discuss food safety in their own lives, and particularly their comfort levels with various risks. They also discuss the different pronunciations of the name Louis, and Wain's progression as an artist.

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Louis Wain’s Cat Pictures Dec 07, 2022

Louis Wain’s cat-centric art was extremely popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and some of his later work became an inspiration for the psychedelic movement of the 1960s.

Research:

Beetles, Chris. “Louis Wain’s Cats.” Chris Beetles and Canongate Books. 2011, 2021.
Benge-Abbott, Bryony. “Louis Wain’s Cryptic Cats.” Wellcome Collection. 5/19/2020. https://wellcomecollection.org/articles/Xrqh1BAAACMAhHcl
Bethlem Museum of the Mind. “Louis Wain (1860-1939).” https://museumofthemind.org.uk/collections/gallery/artists/louis-william-wain
Brill, Marta Wiktoria. “Louis Wain and His Weird Cats.” Daily Art Magazine. 8/8/2022. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/louis-wain-cats/
Dale, Rodney. “Louis Wain: The Man Who Drew Cats.” Michael O’Mara Books Limited. 1968, 1991.
Damiani, Stefano. “The Cats of Louis Wain: A Thousand Ways to Draw One’s Mind.” American Journal of Psychiatry 175:4, April 2018.
Henry Boxer Gallery. “Louis Wain.” https://www.outsiderart.co.uk/artists/louis-wain
Hibbard, Ruth. “‘Paw-some’ cat drawings by Louis Wain.” Victoria and Albert Museum. 1/18/2022. https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-life/paw-some-cat-drawings-by-louis-wain
Illustration Chronicles. “Cute Cats and Psychedelia: The Tragic Life of Louis Wain.” https://illustrationchronicles.com/cute-cats-and-psychedelia-the-tragic-life-of-louis-wain
Jablensky, Assen. “The diagnostic concept of schizophrenia: its history, evolution, and future prospects.” Dialogues in clinical neuroscience vol. 12,3 (2010): 271-87. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.3/ajablensky
McGennis, Aidan. “Louis Wain: his life, his art and his mental Illness.” Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine. Volume 16 Issue 1.
Milton, Joseph. “How a mental disorder opened up an invisible world of colour and pattern.” Scientific American. 12/22/2011. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/creatology/how-a-mental-disorder-opened-up-an-invisible-world-of-colour-and-pattern/
Parkin, Michael. "Wain, Louis William (1860–1939), artist." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 2 Nov. 2022, https://proxy.bostonathenaeum.org:2261/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-36677
Stokes, Tim. “Louis Wain: The Artist Who Changed How We Think About Cats.” BBC. 12/28/2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-59518847
Tambling, Kirsten. "The man who drew cats: Louis Wain's series of 'Kaleidoscope Cats' are often regarded as the acme of 'asylum art', but the tendency to pathologise his drawings may obscure what makes them so arresting and technically original." Apollo, vol. 194, no. 702, Nov. 2021, pp. 34+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A689978465/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fe018abc. Accessed 1 Nov. 2022.
Tambling, Kirsten. “Louis Wain, the man who drew cats.” Apollo Magazine. 12/15/2021. https://www.apollo-magazine.com/louis-wain-the-man-who-drew-cats/
Tassell, Nige. “Louis Wain: the cat-loving artist who forever changed the way that we see our feline friends.” History Extra. 3/2/2022. https://www.historyextra.com/period/modern/louis-wain-cat-artist-caricature-mental-health-benedict-cumberbatch/
The Expositor. “Cabbages and Kings By the Walrus.” 7/29/1939. https://www.newspapers.com/image/733377488/?terms=Louis%20Wain&match=1
Holcombe, A.N. “The Telephone in Great Britain.” : The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Nov., 1906, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Nov., 1906). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883751

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The Astronaut Origins of Food Safety Dec 05, 2022

The development of a systematic approach to food safety didn’t happen until the 20th century. And it's tied directly to NASA trying to make sure astronauts didn’t get food poisoning in space.

Research:

Cronk, Theodore C. “The Historic Evolution of HACCP: Better Questions, Safer Foods.” Food and Drug Law Journal , 1994, Vol. 49, No. 3 (1994). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26659230
DiCicco, Mike. “How the Moon Landing Led to Safer Food for Everyone.” NASA Spinoff. 11/23/2020. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/moon-landing-food-safety
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. “Understanding Codex.” Rome. 2018. https://www.fao.org/3/CA1176EN/ca1176en.pdf
Fortin, Neal D. “The Hang-Up With HACCP: The Resistance to Translating Science Into Food Safety Law.” Food and Drug Law Journal , 2003, Vol. 58, No. 4 (2003). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26660309
Hulebak,, Karen L. and Wayne Schlosser. “HACCP History and Conceptual Overview.” U.S. Department of Agriculture
Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food. Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2003. 1, Historical Perspective on the Use of Food Safety Criteria and Performance Standards. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221553/
Johnson, Renee. “The Federal Food Safety System: A Primer.” Congressional Research Service. December 16, 2016. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RS22600.pdf
Myhrvold, Nathan et al. “The Complex Origins of Food Safety Rules--Yes, You Are Overcooking Your Food.” Scientific American. 3/13/2011. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/complex-origins-food-safety-rules/
“A Dividend in Food Safety.” January 1, 1991. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020086314
Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer. “’From Farm to Fork’: How Space Food Standards Impacted the Food Industry and Changed Food Safety Standards.” From Societal Impact of Spaceflight. Government Printing Office, 2007. https://history.nasa.gov/sp4801-chapter12.pdf
Safe Food Alliance. “The History of HACCP.” https://safefoodalliance.com/haccp/the-history-of-haccp/
Weinroth MD, Belk AD, Belk KE. History, development, and current status of food safety systems worldwide. Animal Frontiers. 2018 Aug 30;8(4):9-15. doi: 10.1093/af/vfy016. PMID: 32002225; PMCID: PMC6951898.

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SYMHC Classics: Ed Roberts and the Independent Living Movement Dec 03, 2022

This early 2017 episode covers Ed Roberts, a disability rights activist known as the father of the Independent Living movement.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Blood Banks and Lady C Dec 02, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about Charles Drew’s marriage and the impact of the early HIV/AIDS crisis on blood donation. They also discuss all the aspects of the Chatterley story that didn’t make it into the episode.

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Lady Chatterley’s Obscenity Trial Nov 30, 2022

Thirty years after D.H. Lawrence died, his book "Lady Chatterley's Lover," which had been banned for decades in many countries, was central to a trial in Great Britain over whether the novel was obscenity or whether it had literary merit.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Obscene Publications Act". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Apr. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/event/Obscene-Publications-Act
Delavenay, Emile. “A SHRINE WITHOUT RELICS?” The D.H. Lawrence Review, vol. 16, no. 2, 1983, pp. 111–31. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44233723.
Rothman, Lily. “How a Book Reminded the World That Sex Sells.” Time. Nov. 2, 2015. https://time.com/4087851/lady-chatterleys-lover-1960/
Temple, Emily. “Why exactly is this book obscene? (Skip to the Dirty Bits.)” Literary Hub. Nov. 22, 2017. https://lithub.com/why-exactly-is-this-book-obscene-skip-to-the-dirty-bits/
com Editors. “D.H. Lawrence Biography.” https://www.biography.com/writer/dh-lawrence
Booth, Howard J. “D. H. Lawrence and Male Homosexual Desire.” The Review of English Studies, vol. 53, no. 209, 2002, pp. 86–107. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3070410
Panter-Downes, Mollie. “The Lady at the Old Bailey.” The New Yorker. Nov. 11, 1960. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1960/11/19/the-lady-at-the-old-bailey
Black, Michael H.. "D.H. Lawrence". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/D-H-Lawrence
“KINGSLEY PICTURES CORP. v. REGENTS.” United States Supreme Court. June 29, 1959. https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/360/684.html
Bo, Ting. “An Analysis of Lady Chatterley's Lover from the Perspective of Ecofeminism.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 1361-1364, October 2018. https://www.academypublication.com/issues2/tpls/vol08/10/15.pdf
Wood, Marie. “William Will Be Interested.” Johnson City Press. May 11, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/586923561/?terms=chatterly&match=1
Lahey, Edwin A. “Old Days Recalled by ‘Lady Chatterly.’” The Philadelphia Inquirer. July 2, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/177983457/?terms=lady%20chatterly&match=1
“Controversial Lady Scores KO.” The Journal Times. July 1, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/342268994/?terms=lady%20chatterly&match=1
“Lady Chatterly After 30 Years.” Asheville Citizen-Times. April 30, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/202268589/?terms=lady%20chatterly&match=1
Hoyt, Robert E. “An Amorous Lady Stirred Senate.” The Charlotte Observer. August 10, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/619998471/?terms=reed%20smoot%20chatterly&match=1
Flood, Alison. “Obscenity judge's copy of Lady Chatterley's Lover to stay in UK.” The Guardian. Oct. 1, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/01/obscenity-judge-lady-chatterley-lover-book-stay-in-uk
Baksi, Catherine. “Lady Chatterley's legal case: how the book changed the meaning of obscene.” The Guardian. August 1, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/law/2019/aug/01/lady-chatterleys-legal-case-how-the-book-changed-the-meaning-of-obscene
“GROVE PRESS, INC. and Readers' Subscription, Inc., Plaintiffs, v. Robert K. CHRISTENBERRY, individually and as Postmaster of the City of New York, Defendant.” July 21, 1959. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15811131582924106766

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Charles Drew & Blood Banks Nov 28, 2022

Dr. Charles Drew was once described as “one of the most constructively active figures in the medical profession.” His work as a key figure in the development of blood banking continues to impact lives today, long after his tragic death.

Research:

"Charles R. Drew." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000127/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3948f072. Accessed 21 Oct. 2022.
"Drew, Charles Richard (1904-1950)." Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale, 1998. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A148418612/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a6aa993c. Accessed 21 Oct. 2022.
“Charles Richard Drew.” https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/african-americans-in-sciences/charles-richard-drew.html
Biswas, Saptarshi and Dannie Perdomo. “Charles Drew: An extraordinary life.” CC2017 Poster Competition. https://www.facs.org/media/u3xhtqz0/01_charles_drew.pdf
Cobb, W. Montague. “Charles Richard Drew, 1904-1950.” The Journal of Negro History , Jul., 1950, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Jul., 1950). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715713
Diamond, Louis K. “History of Blood Banking in the United States.” JAMA, July 5, 1965.
Eschner, Kat. “The First-Ever Blood Bank Opened 80 Years Ago Today.” Smithsonian. 3/15/2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-ever-blood-bank-opened-80-years-ago-today-180962486/
Giangrande, Paul L.F. “The history of blood transfusion.” British Journal of Hematology. 12/24/2001. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02139.x
Gordon, Ralph C. “Charles R. Drew: Surgeon, Scientist, and Educator.” Journal of Investigative Surgery, 18:223–225, 2005.
Grimes, William T. Jr. “The History of Kate Bitting Reynolds Memorial Hospital.” Journal of the National Medical Association. July 1972. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2608830/pdf/jnma00500-0084.pdf
Guglielmo, Thomas A. “’Red Cross, Double Cross’: Race and America s World War II-Era Blood Donor Service. The Journal of American History , June 2010, Vol. 97, No. 1 (June 2010). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40662818
Love, Spencie. “’Noted Physician Fatally Injured’: Charles Drew and the Legend That Will Not Die.” Washington History , Fall/Winter, 1992/1993. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40073067
Love, Spencie. “Blood: The Death and Resurrection of Charles R. Drew.” University of North Carolina Press. 1996.
Love, Spencie. “One Blood: The Death & Resurrection of Charles R. Drew (Book).” American Visions. Oct/Nov95, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p28-31.
National Library of Medicine. “Charles R. Drew: The Charles R. Drew Papers.” https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/bg/feature/biographical-overview
Pilgrim, David. “The Truth about the Death of Charles Drew.” June 2004. https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/question/2004/june.htm
Thomas, Heather. “Dr. Charles R. Drew: Blood Bank Pioneer.” Library of Congress. 2/16/2021. https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2021/02/dr-charles-r-drew-blood-bank-pioneer/
University of Chicago. “Dr. Bernard Fantus: Father of the Blood Bank.” 2004. https://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2011/pres2011-0100.pdf
Wallace, Rob. “Medical Innovations: Charles Drew and Blood Banking.” National World War II Museum. 5/4/2020. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/medical-innovations-blood-banking
Woo, Susie. “When Blood Won't Tell: Integrated Transfusions and Shifting Foundations of Race.” American Studies, Vol. 55/56, Vol. 55, No. 4/Vol. 56, No. 1 (2017). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44982617

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SYMHC Classics: P.T. Barnum's Biggest Stars Nov 26, 2022

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers some of the performers he worked with, including General Tom Thumb. Swedish singer Jenny Lind, and his biggest act, Jumbo the Elephant.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Robert-Houdin's Legacy Nov 25, 2022

Holly and Tracy talk about why Robert-Houdin has been lauded as the father of modern magic. They also discuss dangerous aspects of his work, and the lack of nuance in stories about his Algerian performances.

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Robert-Houdin, The Father of Modern Magic, Part 2 Nov 23, 2022

After the 1844 Paris expo, Robert-Houdin turned his efforts to creating his own stage show. He created automata tricks that still delight today, and quickly became a very famous magician.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Eugene-Robert-Houdin
“How to Do the Classic Cups & Balls Trick.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVXNCMdKs-Y&t=124s
“ROBERT-HOUDIN TRIPLE MYSTERY CLOCK.” JACQUES NÈVE HORLOGER D'ART. https://www.horloger.net/purchase-sales/mystery-clocks/74-robert-houdin-triple-mystery-clock/
Robert-Houdin, Jean-Eugène. “Memoirs of Robert-Houdin : ambassador, author, and conjurer.” Geo. G. Evans. Philadelphia. 1859. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42916/42916-h/42916-h.htm
Evans, Henry Ridgely (2010) "Robert-Houdin. Conjuror, Author, and Ambassador.," The Open Court: Vol. 1903 : Iss. 12 , Article 3. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ocj/vol1903/iss12/3
“Houdin and the Arabs.” Scientific American, vol. 80, no. 13, 1899, pp. 202–202. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26121253
“Witchcraft as Stagecraft.” New York Times. 1999. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/millennium/m1/teller.html
Houdini, Harry. “The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin.” NEW YORK
THE PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO. 1908. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42723/42723-h/42723-h.htm
ONES, GRAHAM M. “Modern Magic and the War on Miracles in French Colonial Culture.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 52, no. 1, 2010, pp. 66–99. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40603072
Fechner, Christian. “The Magic of Robert-Houdin: An Artist's Life.” Editions N.C.F.

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Robert-Houdin, The Father of Modern Magic, Part 1 Nov 21, 2022

Robert-Houdin was the magician that Houdini named himself after, his story is hard to pin down, because even his own memoir is written to be entertaining, not accurate. Part one covers his early life, marriages, and beginnings in magic.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Eugene-Robert-Houdin
“How to Do the Classic Cups & Balls Trick.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVXNCMdKs-Y&t=124s
“ROBERT-HOUDIN TRIPLE MYSTERY CLOCK.” JACQUES NÈVE HORLOGER D'ART. https://www.horloger.net/purchase-sales/mystery-clocks/74-robert-houdin-triple-mystery-clock/
Robert-Houdin, Jean-Eugène. “Memoirs of Robert-Houdin : ambassador, author, and conjurer.” Geo. G. Evans. Philadelphia. 1859. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42916/42916-h/42916-h.htm
Evans, Henry Ridgely (2010) "Robert-Houdin. Conjuror, Author, and Ambassador.," The Open Court: Vol. 1903 : Iss. 12 , Article 3. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ocj/vol1903/iss12/3
“Houdin and the Arabs.” Scientific American, vol. 80, no. 13, 1899, pp. 202–202. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/26121253
“Witchcraft as Stagecraft.” New York Times. 1999. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/millennium/m1/teller.html
Houdini, Harry. “The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin.” NEW YORK
THE PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO. 1908. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42723/42723-h/42723-h.htm
ONES, GRAHAM M. “Modern Magic and the War on Miracles in French Colonial Culture.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 52, no. 1, 2010, pp. 66–99. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40603072
Fechner, Christian. “The Magic of Robert-Houdin: An Artist's Life.” Editions N.C.F.

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SYMHC Classics: P.T. Barnum Nov 19, 2022

This 2012 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers P.T. Barnum the circus man, museum entrepreneur, and freak show runner. Barnum attracted people to his American Museum through shrewd advertising, and he wasn't afraid of a hoax.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mancinis and Tragedy Nov 18, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about how the Mancini sisters episode shifted focus as Tracy was researching it, and divorce not being an option in France during their lifetimes. They also talk about the inconsistent details of accounts of the Cocoanut Grove fire.

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The Cocoanut Grove Fire Nov 16, 2022

The tragedy at Boston’s Cocoanut Grove in 1942 is still the deadliest nightclub fire in history. The cause of the fire is still unknown; in its wake, advancements were made in fire safety and medical treatments for burn victims.

Research:

Boston Public Library. “Great Fires of Boston: November 28, 1942.” 12/20/2021. https://guides.bpl.org/bostonfires/cocoanutgrove
National Fire Protection Association. “The Cocoanut Grove Fire.” https://www.nfpa.org/Public-Education/Staying-safe/Safety-in-living-and-entertainment-spaces/Nightclubs-assembly-occupancies/The-Cocoanut-Grove-fire
LeBlanc, Steve and Bob Salsberg. “Worst US nightclub fire influences safety codes, burn care.” 11/28/2017. https://apnews.com/article/cd1e3a85b05e4d65bbd85fdf130f142e
Illinois Library. “Major American Fires: Cocoanut Grove Fire.” 8/19/2022. https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=348303&p=2346975
Boston Fire Historical Society. “The Story of the Cocoanut Grove Fire.” https://bostonfirehistory.org/the-story-of-the-cocoanut-grove-fire/
New England Historical Society. “The Kid Wrongly Blamed for the Cocoanut Grove Fire.” https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/cocoanut-grove-fire-the-kid-wrongly-blamed/
Fleming, Daniel J. “The Cocoanut Grove Revisited.” Prologue. Vol. 49, No. 3. Fall 2017. https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2017/fall/cocoanut-grove
Sweeney, Emily. “77 years later, the mystery of the Cocoanut Grove fire remains unsolved.” Boston Globe. 11/27/2019. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/11/27/the-unsolved-mystery-cocoanut-grove-fire/24YsmjPE5ruEpiaT5bev8O/story.html
Cullen, Kevin. “Cocoanut Grove plaque shoved down the street.” Boston Globe. 7/9/2016. https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2016/07/09/cocoanut-grove-tragedy-pushed-aside-name-privacy/DEKsnSwRUDK3fF5YvPWHJK/story.html
Rosenfeld, Eva K. “The Fire That Changed The Way We Think About Grief.” The Crimson. 11/29/2018. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2018/11/29/erich-lindemann-cocoanut-grove-fire-grief/
National Fire Protection Association. “The Lingering Mystery of the Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire.” 11/15/2019. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYNUedVD6G8
Grant, Casey. “Legacy of the Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire.” WGBH Forum Network. Via YouTube. 8/21/2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UZ1_Nk-4Wk
Reilly, William Arthur. “Report Concerning the Cocoanut Grove Fire, November 28, 1942.” 1944. https://bostonfirehistory.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2016/11/reportconcerningcocoanutgrovefire.pdf
Saffle, Jeffrey R. “The 1942 Fire at Boston's Cocoanut Grove Nightclub.” Edgar J. Poth Memorial Lecture. American Journal of Surgery. Vol. 166. 12/1993.
Stewart, Camille L. “The Fire at Cocoanut Grove.” Journal of Burn Care & Research. Volume 36, Number 1. January/February 2015.
Veltfort, Helene Rank and George E. Lee. “The Cocoanut Grove Fire: A Study in Scapegoating.” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 38, 1943.
Grant, Casey C. “Last Dance at Cocoanut Grove.” NFPA Journal. November/December 2007

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Hortense and Marie Mancini Nov 14, 2022

Hortense and Marie Mancini tried to make a place for themselves in 17th-century Europe, defying all kinds of conventions along the way. Their lives were full of adventure and daring, but they were also both stuck in abusive marriages.

Research:

"Jules Mazarin." Historic World Leaders, edited by Anne Commire, Gale, 1994. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1616000407/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=68d5e2f8. Accessed 11 Oct. 2022.
"When lesbian passions stirred at court." Times [London, England], 7 Feb. 2019, p. 3. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A572957931/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8ab9535e. Accessed 11 Oct. 2022.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mancini sisters". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Dec. 2015, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mancini-sisters. Accessed 12 October 2022.
Esslemont, Chloe. “Keeping up with the Mazarinettes.” Art UK. 1/17/2019. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/keeping-up-with-the-mazarinettes
Ferguson, Donna. “Restoration influencer: how Charles II's clever mistress set trends ahead of her time." The Guardian.2/28/2021. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2021/feb/28/restoration-influencer-how-charles-iis-clever-mistress-set-trends-ahead-of-her-time
Folger Library. “The Fabulous Mancini Sisters.” 3/13/2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sX30o5FX0Y
Folgerpedia. “The Mancini Sisters.” https://folgerpedia.folger.edu/The_Mancini_Sisters:_Mistresses_and_Memoirists
Goldsmith, Elizabeth C. “The Kings' Mistresses: The Liberated Lives of Marie Mancini, Princess Colonna, and Her Sister Hortense, Duchess Mazarin.” Public Affairs. 2012.
Latour, Therese Louis. “Princesses Ladies And Adventuresses of the Reign of Louis XIV.” London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 1924.
O’Rourke, John. “17th-Century Sisters the Kardashians Might Admire.” BU Today. 8/27/2012. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2012/17th-century-sisters-the-kardashians-might-admire/
Porter, Linda. “Charles II’s last mistress.” Historia: Magazine of the Historical Writers’ Association. 4/16/2020. https://www.historiamag.com/charles-iis-last-mistress/
Richard, Kristen. “How Italy’s ‘Runaway Duchess’ Changed How We Drink Champagne.” Wine Enthusiast. 2/11/2022. https://www.winemag.com/2022/02/11/hortense-mancini-runaway-duchess-champagne/
Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. “The Manuscripts of His Grace the Duke of Rutland: Letters and papers, 1440-1797 (v.3 mainly correspondence of the fourth Duke of Rutland). v.4. Charters, cartularies, &c. Letters and papers, supplementary. Extracts from household accounts.” Jan. 1889. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=IgoRAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-IgoRAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1

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SYMHC Classics: Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz Nov 12, 2022

This 2019 episode covers a woman who was the Spanish empire's most widely published poet of her time. Her work has survived until today, but not her own thoughts about much of her life.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Worms, Hikes and Tekahionwake Nov 11, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about animated shows, camping, and the items that didn't make it into the most recent Unearthed! episode. They then discuss the legacy of Pauline Johnson, and criticisms of her work that perceive it as inauthentic.

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E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake Nov 09, 2022

Emily Pauline Johnson, also known as Tekahionwake, made a career writing poetry and prose and performing it onstage in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Research:

"Pauline Johnson." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 23, Gale, 2003. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631008167/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=90bf3cec. Accessed 5 Oct. 2022.
Chiefswood. https://chiefswoodnhs.ca/
Gary, Charlotte. “Flint & Feather: The Life and Times of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake.” Harper Flamingo Canada. 2002.
Gerson, Carole. “Postcolonialism Meets Book History: Pauline Johnson and Imperial London.” From Home-Work: Postcolonialism, Pedagogy, and Canadian Literature. University of Ottawa Press. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ckpc18.27
Gerson, Carole. “Rereading Pauline Johnson.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes, Volume 46, Number 2, Spring 2012. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/515012
Jones, Manina and Neal Ferris. “Flint, Feather, and Other Material Selves: Negotiating the Performance Poetics of E. Pauline Johnson.’ American Indian Quarterly/spring 2017/Vol. 41, No. 2.
Mobbs, Leslie. “E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake), 1861 -1913.” https://www.vancouverarchives.ca/2013/03/07/epaulinejohnson/
Piatote, Beth H. “Domestic Trials: Indian Rights and National Belonging in Works by E. Pauline Johnson and John M. Oskison.” American Quarterly , March 2011, Vol. 63, No. 1 (March 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/41237533
Poetry Foundation. “Emily Pauline Johnson.” https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/emily-pauline-johnson
Quirk, Linda. "Labour of love: legends of Vancouver and the unique publishing enterprise that wrote E. Pauline Johnson into Canadian Literary History." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, vol. 47, no. 2, fall 2009, pp. 201+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A222315631/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f22179cc. Accessed 5 Oct. 2022.
Quirk, Linda. "Skyward floating feather: a publishing history of E. Pauline Johnson's Flint and Feather." Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, vol. 44, no. 1, spring 2006, pp. 69+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A146635929/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e93105ca. Accessed 5 Oct. 2022.
Robinson, Amanda. "Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 24 January 2020, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pauline-johnson. Accessed 06 October 2022.
Rogers, Janet. “E. Pauline Johnson Research at the NMAI, by Janet Rogers.” Via YouTube. 6/29/2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmdBN-m_ZNI
Rose, Marilyn J. “Johnson, Emily Pauline.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. 1998. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/johnson_emily_pauline_14E.html
Rymhs, Deena. “But the Shadow of Her Story: Narrative Unsettlement, Self-Inscription, and Translation in Pauline Johnson's Legends of Vancouver.” Studies in American Indian Literatures , Winter 2001, Series 2, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Winter 2001). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20737034
Salyer, Greg. “Of Uncertain Blood: Tekahionwake/E. Pauline Johnson.” The Philosophical Research Society. 3/12/2020. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs4LctCCYHA
Strong-Boag, Veronica and Carole Gerson. “Paddling Her Own Canoe: The Times and Texts of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake.” University of Toronto Press. 2000.
Van Kirk, Sylvia. “From "Marrying-In" to "Marrying-Out": Changing Patterns of Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Marriage in Colonial Canada.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies , 2002, Vol. 23, No. 3 (2002). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3347329
VanEvery, L.M. and Janet Marie Rogers. “The Road to Your Name - Season 1, Episode 2: E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake.” January 11, 2021. Podcast. https://theroadtoyournamepodcast.transistor.fm/2
Viehmann, Martha L. “Speaking Chinook: Adaptation, Indigeneity, and Pauline Johnson's British Columbia Stories.” Western American Literature , Fall 2012, Vol. 47, No. 3 (Fall 2012). https://www.jstor.org/stable/43023017
Weaver, Jace. “Native American Authors and Their Communities.” Wicazo Sa Review , Spring, 1997, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1997). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1409163

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Unearthed! Autumn 2022, Part 2 Nov 07, 2022

The second part of our autumn list of things that were unearthed in the recent past includes potpourri, repatriations, shipwrecks, medical finds, Viking items, and books and letters.

Research:

Abbott, Dennis. “Archaeologists unearth skeleton dating from Battle of Waterloo” Brussels Times. 7/13/2022. https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/254695/archaeologists-unearth-skeleton-dating-from-battle-of-waterloo
Amaral, Brian. “A R.I. wreck that may be Captain Cook’s Endeavour is being eaten by ‘shipworms’.” Boston Globe. 8/11/2022. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/08/11/metro/ri-wreck-that-may-be-captain-cooks-endeavour-is-being-eaten-by-shipworms/
Andalou Agency. “164-square-meter Heracles mosaic found in Turkey's Alanya.” 7/26/2022. https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/164-square-meter-heracles-mosaic-found-in-turkeys-alanya
“Van Gogh self-portrait found hidden behind another painting.” 7/14/2022. https://apnews.com/article/hidden-van-gogh-self-portrait-b703b4391c4ec0ba5bcf381ae44a6c3b
Banfield-Nwachi, Mabel. “Rare original copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio sells for £2m.” The Guardian. 7/22/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/jul/22/shakespeare-first-folio-sells-for-2m-at-auction
Behrendt, Marcin. “Keep demons in the grave.” Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. 9/19/2022. https://portal.umk.pl/en/article/keep-demons-in-the-grave
Benke, Kristopher. “Medieval mass burial shows centuries-earlier origin of Ashkenazi genetic bottleneck.” 8/30/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963008
Bennett-Begaye, Jourdan and Kolby KickingWoman. “Jim Thorpe's Olympic record reinstated.” Indian Country Today. https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/jim-thorpes-olympic-record-reinstated
Bergstrøm, Ida Irene. “The last person who touched this three-bladed arrowhead was a Viking.” 8/26/2022. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-viking-age-vikings/the-last-person-who-touched-this-three-bladed-arrowhead-was-a-viking/2069302
Bergstrøm, Ida Irene. “This gold ring once belonged to a powerful Viking Chief. It was found in a pile of cheap jewellery auctioned off online.” Science Norway. 7/8/2022. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-viking-age-vikings/this-gold-ring-once-belonged-to-a-powerful-viking-chief-it-was-found-in-a-pile-of-cheap-jewellery-auctioned-off-online/2052329
Bir, Burak. “Historical artifact from AD 250 returns to Türkiye after 140 years.” AA. 7/1/2022. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/historical-artifact-from-ad-250-returns-to-turkiye-after-140-years/2628092
Brewer, Graham Lee. “Search for missing Native artifacts led to the discovery of bodies stored in ‘the most inhumane way possible’.” NBC News. 9/4/2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/search-missing-native-artifacts-led-discovery-bodies-stored-inhumane-w-rcna46151
Brownlee, Emma. “Bed Burials in Early Medieval Europe.” Medieval Archaeology. Vol. 66, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2022.2065060
Buschschlüter, Vanessa. “Pedro I: Emperor's embalmed heart arrives in Brazil.” BBC. 8/22/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62561928
Cardiff University. ‘Bronze Age enclosure could offer earliest clues on the origins of Cardiff.” 7/14/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-bronze-age-enclosure-earliest-clues.html
Cheng, Lucia. “After More Than 150 Years, Sculptor Edmonia Lewis Finally Gets Her Degree.” Smithsonian. 7/20/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sculptor-edmonia-lewis-receives-her-degree-180980429/
Davis, Nicola. “DIY fertiliser may be behind monks’ parasite torment, say archaeologists.” The Guardian. 8/19/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/aug/19/diy-fertiliser-may-be-behind-monk-parasite-torment-say-archaeologists-cambridge
Dennehy, John. “UAE-led project makes groundbreaking discovery in Zanzibar's famed Stone Town.” The National News. 9/30/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/2022/09/01/uae-led-project-makes-groundbreaking-discovery-in-zanzibars-famed-stone-town/
Donn, Natasha. “Portuguese scientists discover 100,000 year old case of deafness.” 7/18/2022. https://www.portugalresident.com/portuguese-scientists-discover-100000-year-old-case-of-deafness/
Eerkens, J.W., de Voogt, A. Why are Roman-period dice asymmetrical? An experimental and quantitative approach. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 14, 134 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01599-y
Elis-Williams, Elinor. “Finding the ship that sent out a warning to The Titanic.” 9/26/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/965748
Enking, Molly. “Kentucky Floods Damage Irreplaceable Appalachian Archives.” Smithsonian. 8/3/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/kentucky-floods-damage-irreplaceable-appalachian-archives-180980517/
Fels, Tony. “What Elizabeth Johnson’s Exoneration Teaches about the Salem Witch Hunt.” History News Network. 8/22/2022. https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/183740
Golder, Joseph. “New Technique Used to Free 1,300-Year-Old 'Ice Prince'.” Newsweek. 6/30/2022. https://www.newsweek.com/new-technique-used-free-1300-year-old-ice-prince-1720801
Grescoe, Taras. “This miracle plant was eaten into extinction 2,000 years ago—or was it?” National Geographic. 9/23/2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/miracle-plant-eaten-extinction-2000-years-ago-silphion?loggedout=true
Griffith University. “Massive Outback rock art site reveals ancient narrative.” Phys.org. 9/21/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-massive-outback-art-site-reveals.html
Hauck, Grace. “How a missing foot in Borneo is upending what we've known about human history.” Phys.org. 9/7/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-foot-borneo-upending-weve-human.html
Hussain, Abid. “Record rains in Pakistan damage Mohenjo Daro archaeological site.” MSN. 9/8/2022. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/record-rains-in-pakistan-damage-mohenjo-daro-archaeological-site/ar-AA11B0zH
IOC News. “IOC to display the name of Jim Thorpe as sole Stockholm 1912 pentathlon and decathlon gold medallist.” 7/15/2022. https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-to-display-the-name-of-jim-thorpe-as-sole-stockholm-1912-pentathlon-and-decathlon-gold-medallist
Johnston, Chuck. “Grand jury declines to indict Carolyn Bryant Donham, the woman whose accusations led to the murder of Emmett Till.” CNN. 8/10/2022. https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/08/09/us/emmett-till-carolyn-bryant-no-indictment-reaj/index.html
Katz, Brigit. “Albuquerque Museum Returns Long-Forgotten Cache of Sculptures to Mexico.” Smithsonian. 7/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/albuquerque-museum-returns-long-forgotten-cache-of-sculptures-to-mexico-180980501/
Katz, Brigit. “London’s Horniman Museum Will Return Stolen Benin Bronzes to Nigeria.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/9/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/london-horniman-museum-return-stolen-benin-bronzes-nigeria-180980541/
Katz, Brigit. “Museum of the Bible Returns Centuries-Old Gospel Manuscript to Greece.” Smithsonian. 8/30/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/museum-of-the-bible-returns-centuries-old-gospel-manuscript-to-greece-180980670/
Kiel University. “Examination of recently discovered wreck from the 17th century.” PhysOrg. 7/28/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-17th-century.html
Kuta, Sarah. “Can Tree Rings Solve the Mystery of a 19th-Century American Shipwreck?” Smithsonian. 9/1/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tree-rings-american-shipwreck-Dolphin-1859-180980676/
Kuta, Sarah. “Man Pays $75 for Medieval Text That Could Be Worth $10,000.” Smithsonian. 9/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/man-pays-75-for-700-year-old-medieval-text-that-could-be-worth-10000-180980858/
Lewsey, Fred. “Prehistoric roots of ‘cold sore’ virus traced through ancient herpes DNA.” 7/27/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/959525
Macmillan, Jade. “Indigenous leaders bring their ancestors home after 90 years at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.” ABC. 8/3/2022. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-04/indigenous-remains-repatriated-from-smithsonian/101272318
McEnchroe, Thomas. “Uniquely preserved medieval kitchen unearthed north of Moravia.” Radio Prague International. 8/8/2022. https://english.radio.cz/uniquely-preserved-medieval-kitchen-unearthed-north-moravia-8758128
net. “Research from Viking latrines helps reveal the long history of a parasite.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/09/research-from-viking-latrines-helps-reveal-the-long-history-of-a-parasite/
net. “Site of 13th-century shipwreck to be protected.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/07/site-of-13th-century-shipwreck-to-be-protected/
Metcalfe, Tom. “1,000 years ago, a woman was buried in a canoe on her way to the 'destination of souls'.” LiveScience. 8/24/2022. https://www.livescience.com/indigenous-canoe-burial-argentina
Nick J. Overton et al, Not All That Glitters is Gold? Rock Crystal in the Early British Neolithic at Dorstone Hill, Herefordshire, and the Wider British and Irish Context, Cambridge Archaeological Journal (2022). DOI: 10.1017/S0959774322000142
Nyberg, Elin. “Jewellery from grave of high status Viking woman delivered at museum’s door.” University of Stavanger. 7/9/2022. https://www.uis.no/en/research/jewellery-from-grave-of-high-status-viking-woman-delivered-at-museums-door
Nyberg, Elin. “Unique sword casts new light on Viking voyages across the North Sea.” Phys.org. 7/18/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-unique-sword-viking-voyages-north.html
Oltermann, Philip. “Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria.” 7/1/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria
Orie, Amarachi and Christian Edwards. “This ship tried to warn the Titanic about the iceberg. Now scientists have found its wreckage.” CNN. 9/30/2022. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/titanic-warning-ss-mesaba-irish-sea-intl-scli-scn/index.html
Pannett, Rachel. “Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago.” Washington Post. 9/7/2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/07/oldest-amputation-surgery-borneo-hunter/
Patel, Vimal. “Last Conviction in Salem Witch Trials Is Cleared 329 Years Later.” New York Times. 7/31/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/us/elizabeth-johnson-witchcraft-exoneration.html
Peek, Madison. “A voice for their ancestors: Exhumations begin at Williamsburg’s First Baptist Church site.” Daily Press. 7/18/2022. https://www.dailypress.com/virginiagazette/va-vg-archaeology-discovery-burial-20220718-jequutuz2rbkvbrjposwovxot4-story.html
Public Library of Science. “High-status Danish Vikings wore exotic beaver furs.” Phys.org. 7/27/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-high-status-danish-vikings-wore-exotic.html
Rebosio, Cameron. “SLAC researchers scan 600-year-old documents for clues about first printing presses.” 8/13/2022. https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/08/13/slac-researchers-scan-600-year-old-documents-for-clues-about-first-printing-presses
Recker, Jane. “Five Stolen Paintings Go on Display in Virtual Reality.” Smithsonian. 7/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/virtual-reality-stolen-artwork-180980389/
Recker, Jane. “Harvard Returns Chief Standing Bear’s Pipe Tomahawk to the Ponca Tribe.” Smithsonian. 7/7/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/civil-rights-leader-standing-bears-tomahawk-returned-to-his-tribe-180980369/
Rose, Andy. “3,000-year-old canoe found in Wisconsin’s Lake Mendota is the oldest ever found in Great Lakes region.” CNN. 9/23/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/23/us/canoe-native-wisconsin-lake-mendota/index.html
Scislowska, Monika. “Is Danish king who gave name to Bluetooth buried in Poland?” Phys.org. 7/31/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-danish-king-gave-bluetooth-poland.html
Solly, Meilan. “Bones Found in Medieval Well Likely Belong to Victims of Anti-Semitic Massacre.” Smithsonian. 9/1/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bones-found-in-medieval-well-likely-belong-to-victims-of-anti-semitic-massacre-180980692/
Solly, Meilan. “England’s Oldest Surviving Shipwreck Is a 13th-Century Merchant Vessel.” Smithsonian. 7/26/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/englands-oldest-surviving-shipwreck-is-a-13th-century-merchant-vessel-180980474/
Stafford, Joe. “Archaeologists carry out first dig at tomb linked to King Arthur.” 7/1/2022. https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/tomb-linked-to-king-arthur/
Tabikha, Kamal. “Archaeologists uncover 2,600-year-old blocks of white cheese in Egypt.” Mena/The National News. 11/12/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2022/09/12/archaeologists-uncover-2600-year-old-blocks-of-white-cheese-in-egypt/
Tamisiea, Jack. “Beloved Chincoteague ponies' mythical origins may be real.” National Geographic. 7/27/2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/famous-chincoteague-ponies-may-actually-descend-from-a-spanish-shipwreck
Taylor & Francis Group. “More digging needed to see whether bones of fallen Waterloo soldiers were sold as fertilizer, as few human remains have ever been found.” Science Daily. 6/18/2022. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/06/220617210054.htm
Taylor, Luke. “Evolution of lactose tolerance probably driven by famine and disease.” New Scientist. 7/272022. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331213-evolution-of-lactose-tolerance-probably-driven-by-famine-and-disease/
The History Blog. “1,400-year-old iron folding chair found in Bavaria.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65004
The History Blog. “Conserving an 18th c. portrait and the waistcoat in it.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64758
The History Blog. “Flash-frozen 7th c. boy warrior grave thawed.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64490
The History Blog. “Getty returns unique Greek terracotta sculptural group.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64992
The History Blog. “Hiker Finds Viking Brooch From Woman’s Burial.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64949
The History Blog. “Roman “refrigerator” found in Bulgaria.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65258
The History Blog. “Roman anchor retrieved from North Sea.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65211
The History Blog. “Secrets of Vermeer’s Milkmaid revealed.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65195
The History Blog. “Shrimp fishermen haul in wooden figurehead.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64893
UNC University Communications. “Excavations by UNC-Chapel Hill archaeologist reveal first known depictions of two biblical heroines, episode in ancient Jewish art.” 7/5/2022. https://uncnews.unc.edu/2022/07/05/excavations-by-unc-chapel-hill-archaeologist-reveal-first-known-depictions-of-two-biblical-heroines-episode-in-ancient-jewish-art/
University of Cincinatti. “Using science to solve a 1,300-year-old art mystery.” 9/6/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-science-year-old-art-mystery.html
University of Helsinkin. “Human bones used for making pendants in the Stone Age.” EurekAlert. 7/4/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957821
Vindolanda Charitable Trust. “Instruments of War: Roman cornu mouthpiece uncovered..” 9/21/2022. https://www.vindolanda.com/news/instruments-of-war-roman-cornu-mouthpiece-uncovered.
Whiteman, Hilary. “Somerton man mystery ‘solved’ as DNA points to man’s identity, professor claims.” CNN. 7/26/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/26/australia/australia-somerton-man-mystery-solved-claim-intl-hnk-dst/index.html
Wu, Tara. “Three Men Charged for Trying to Sell Stolen ‘Hotel California’ Notes and Lyrics.” Smithsonian. 7/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/three-men-charged-for-trying-to-sell-stolen-hotel-california-notes-and-lyrics-180980415/
Xavier Roca-Rada et al, A 1000-year-old case of Klinefelter's syndrome diagnosed by integrating morphology, osteology, and genetics, The Lancet (2022). DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01476-3
“5,200-year-old stone carving chrysalis found in north China.” 7/18/2022. http://www.chinaview.cn/20220718/9ff4915a83394d1089cea9e76c3f5517/c.html
Yildiz, Kadir. “Rare 1,600-year-old writing set unearthed in Istanbul.” AA. 9/15/2022. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/rare-1-600-year-old-writing-set-unearthed-in-istanbul/2685964

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SYMHC Classics: Gunpowder Plot Nov 05, 2022

This 2011 episode covers the discriminatory laws English Catholics faced under Queen Elizabeth I and King James I, which led a group of Catholics to attempt regicide. But the plot was discovered days before the event.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mansions and Coin Hoards Nov 04, 2022

Holly and Tracy talk about the multiple homes called the Redpath Mansion and how that confuses the story in press sometimes. They also discuss the ebb and flow of the kinds of research projects that show up in Unearthed! episodes.

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Unearthed! Autumn 2022, Part 1 Nov 02, 2022

Fall is here and so is the latest two-part edition of Unearthed! Part one includes updates, oldest things, books and letters, and a late entry into our Halloween stuff.

Research:

Abbott, Dennis. “Archaeologists unearth skeleton dating from Battle of Waterloo” Brussels Times. 7/13/2022. https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/254695/archaeologists-unearth-skeleton-dating-from-battle-of-waterloo
Amaral, Brian. “A R.I. wreck that may be Captain Cook’s Endeavour is being eaten by ‘shipworms’.” Boston Globe. 8/11/2022. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/08/11/metro/ri-wreck-that-may-be-captain-cooks-endeavour-is-being-eaten-by-shipworms/
Andalou Agency. “164-square-meter Heracles mosaic found in Turkey's Alanya.” 7/26/2022. https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/164-square-meter-heracles-mosaic-found-in-turkeys-alanya
“Van Gogh self-portrait found hidden behind another painting.” 7/14/2022. https://apnews.com/article/hidden-van-gogh-self-portrait-b703b4391c4ec0ba5bcf381ae44a6c3b
Banfield-Nwachi, Mabel. “Rare original copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio sells for £2m.” The Guardian. 7/22/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/jul/22/shakespeare-first-folio-sells-for-2m-at-auction
Behrendt, Marcin. “Keep demons in the grave.” Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. 9/19/2022. https://portal.umk.pl/en/article/keep-demons-in-the-grave
Benke, Kristopher. “Medieval mass burial shows centuries-earlier origin of Ashkenazi genetic bottleneck.” 8/30/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963008
Bennett-Begaye, Jourdan and Kolby KickingWoman. “Jim Thorpe's Olympic record reinstated.” Indian Country Today. https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/jim-thorpes-olympic-record-reinstated
Bergstrøm, Ida Irene. “The last person who touched this three-bladed arrowhead was a Viking.” 8/26/2022. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-viking-age-vikings/the-last-person-who-touched-this-three-bladed-arrowhead-was-a-viking/2069302
Bergstrøm, Ida Irene. “This gold ring once belonged to a powerful Viking Chief. It was found in a pile of cheap jewellery auctioned off online.” Science Norway. 7/8/2022. https://sciencenorway.no/archaeology-viking-age-vikings/this-gold-ring-once-belonged-to-a-powerful-viking-chief-it-was-found-in-a-pile-of-cheap-jewellery-auctioned-off-online/2052329
Bir, Burak. “Historical artifact from AD 250 returns to Türkiye after 140 years.” AA. 7/1/2022. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/historical-artifact-from-ad-250-returns-to-turkiye-after-140-years/2628092
Brewer, Graham Lee. “Search for missing Native artifacts led to the discovery of bodies stored in ‘the most inhumane way possible’.” NBC News. 9/4/2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/search-missing-native-artifacts-led-discovery-bodies-stored-inhumane-w-rcna46151
Brownlee, Emma. “Bed Burials in Early Medieval Europe.” Medieval Archaeology. Vol. 66, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2022.2065060
Buschschlüter, Vanessa. “Pedro I: Emperor's embalmed heart arrives in Brazil.” BBC. 8/22/2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62561928
Cardiff University. ‘Bronze Age enclosure could offer earliest clues on the origins of Cardiff.” 7/14/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-bronze-age-enclosure-earliest-clues.html
Cheng, Lucia. “After More Than 150 Years, Sculptor Edmonia Lewis Finally Gets Her Degree.” Smithsonian. 7/20/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sculptor-edmonia-lewis-receives-her-degree-180980429/
Davis, Nicola. “DIY fertiliser may be behind monks’ parasite torment, say archaeologists.” The Guardian. 8/19/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/aug/19/diy-fertiliser-may-be-behind-monk-parasite-torment-say-archaeologists-cambridge
Dennehy, John. “UAE-led project makes groundbreaking discovery in Zanzibar's famed Stone Town.” The National News. 9/30/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/heritage/2022/09/01/uae-led-project-makes-groundbreaking-discovery-in-zanzibars-famed-stone-town/
Donn, Natasha. “Portuguese scientists discover 100,000 year old case of deafness.” 7/18/2022. https://www.portugalresident.com/portuguese-scientists-discover-100000-year-old-case-of-deafness/
Eerkens, J.W., de Voogt, A. Why are Roman-period dice asymmetrical? An experimental and quantitative approach. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 14, 134 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-022-01599-y
Elis-Williams, Elinor. “Finding the ship that sent out a warning to The Titanic.” 9/26/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/965748
Enking, Molly. “Kentucky Floods Damage Irreplaceable Appalachian Archives.” Smithsonian. 8/3/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/kentucky-floods-damage-irreplaceable-appalachian-archives-180980517/
Fels, Tony. “What Elizabeth Johnson’s Exoneration Teaches about the Salem Witch Hunt.” History News Network. 8/22/2022. https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/183740
Golder, Joseph. “New Technique Used to Free 1,300-Year-Old 'Ice Prince'.” Newsweek. 6/30/2022. https://www.newsweek.com/new-technique-used-free-1300-year-old-ice-prince-1720801
Grescoe, Taras. “This miracle plant was eaten into extinction 2,000 years ago—or was it?” National Geographic. 9/23/2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/miracle-plant-eaten-extinction-2000-years-ago-silphion?loggedout=true
Griffith University. “Massive Outback rock art site reveals ancient narrative.” Phys.org. 9/21/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-massive-outback-art-site-reveals.html
Hauck, Grace. “How a missing foot in Borneo is upending what we've known about human history.” Phys.org. 9/7/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-foot-borneo-upending-weve-human.html
Hussain, Abid. “Record rains in Pakistan damage Mohenjo Daro archaeological site.” MSN. 9/8/2022. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/record-rains-in-pakistan-damage-mohenjo-daro-archaeological-site/ar-AA11B0zH
IOC News. “IOC to display the name of Jim Thorpe as sole Stockholm 1912 pentathlon and decathlon gold medallist.” 7/15/2022. https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-to-display-the-name-of-jim-thorpe-as-sole-stockholm-1912-pentathlon-and-decathlon-gold-medallist
Johnston, Chuck. “Grand jury declines to indict Carolyn Bryant Donham, the woman whose accusations led to the murder of Emmett Till.” CNN. 8/10/2022. https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2022/08/09/us/emmett-till-carolyn-bryant-no-indictment-reaj/index.html
Katz, Brigit. “Albuquerque Museum Returns Long-Forgotten Cache of Sculptures to Mexico.” Smithsonian. 7/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/albuquerque-museum-returns-long-forgotten-cache-of-sculptures-to-mexico-180980501/
Katz, Brigit. “London’s Horniman Museum Will Return Stolen Benin Bronzes to Nigeria.” Smithsonian Magazine. 8/9/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/london-horniman-museum-return-stolen-benin-bronzes-nigeria-180980541/
Katz, Brigit. “Museum of the Bible Returns Centuries-Old Gospel Manuscript to Greece.” Smithsonian. 8/30/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/museum-of-the-bible-returns-centuries-old-gospel-manuscript-to-greece-180980670/
Kiel University. “Examination of recently discovered wreck from the 17th century.” PhysOrg. 7/28/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-17th-century.html
Kuta, Sarah. “Can Tree Rings Solve the Mystery of a 19th-Century American Shipwreck?” Smithsonian. 9/1/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tree-rings-american-shipwreck-Dolphin-1859-180980676/
Kuta, Sarah. “Man Pays $75 for Medieval Text That Could Be Worth $10,000.” Smithsonian. 9/29/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/man-pays-75-for-700-year-old-medieval-text-that-could-be-worth-10000-180980858/
Lewsey, Fred. “Prehistoric roots of ‘cold sore’ virus traced through ancient herpes DNA.” 7/27/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/959525
Macmillan, Jade. “Indigenous leaders bring their ancestors home after 90 years at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.” ABC. 8/3/2022. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-04/indigenous-remains-repatriated-from-smithsonian/101272318
McEnchroe, Thomas. “Uniquely preserved medieval kitchen unearthed north of Moravia.” Radio Prague International. 8/8/2022. https://english.radio.cz/uniquely-preserved-medieval-kitchen-unearthed-north-moravia-8758128
net. “Research from Viking latrines helps reveal the long history of a parasite.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/09/research-from-viking-latrines-helps-reveal-the-long-history-of-a-parasite/
net. “Site of 13th-century shipwreck to be protected.” https://www.medievalists.net/2022/07/site-of-13th-century-shipwreck-to-be-protected/
Metcalfe, Tom. “1,000 years ago, a woman was buried in a canoe on her way to the 'destination of souls'.” LiveScience. 8/24/2022. https://www.livescience.com/indigenous-canoe-burial-argentina
Nick J. Overton et al, Not All That Glitters is Gold? Rock Crystal in the Early British Neolithic at Dorstone Hill, Herefordshire, and the Wider British and Irish Context, Cambridge Archaeological Journal (2022). DOI: 10.1017/S0959774322000142
Nyberg, Elin. “Jewellery from grave of high status Viking woman delivered at museum’s door.” University of Stavanger. 7/9/2022. https://www.uis.no/en/research/jewellery-from-grave-of-high-status-viking-woman-delivered-at-museums-door
Nyberg, Elin. “Unique sword casts new light on Viking voyages across the North Sea.” Phys.org. 7/18/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-unique-sword-viking-voyages-north.html
Oltermann, Philip. “Germany hands over two Benin bronzes to Nigeria.” 7/1/2022. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/01/germany-hands-over-two-benin-bronzes-to-nigeria
Orie, Amarachi and Christian Edwards. “This ship tried to warn the Titanic about the iceberg. Now scientists have found its wreckage.” CNN. 9/30/2022. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/titanic-warning-ss-mesaba-irish-sea-intl-scli-scn/index.html
Pannett, Rachel. “Scientists find evidence of oldest known surgery, from 31,000 years ago.” Washington Post. 9/7/2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/07/oldest-amputation-surgery-borneo-hunter/
Patel, Vimal. “Last Conviction in Salem Witch Trials Is Cleared 329 Years Later.” New York Times. 7/31/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/us/elizabeth-johnson-witchcraft-exoneration.html
Peek, Madison. “A voice for their ancestors: Exhumations begin at Williamsburg’s First Baptist Church site.” Daily Press. 7/18/2022. https://www.dailypress.com/virginiagazette/va-vg-archaeology-discovery-burial-20220718-jequutuz2rbkvbrjposwovxot4-story.html
Public Library of Science. “High-status Danish Vikings wore exotic beaver furs.” Phys.org. 7/27/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-high-status-danish-vikings-wore-exotic.html
Rebosio, Cameron. “SLAC researchers scan 600-year-old documents for clues about first printing presses.” 8/13/2022. https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2022/08/13/slac-researchers-scan-600-year-old-documents-for-clues-about-first-printing-presses
Recker, Jane. “Five Stolen Paintings Go on Display in Virtual Reality.” Smithsonian. 7/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/virtual-reality-stolen-artwork-180980389/
Recker, Jane. “Harvard Returns Chief Standing Bear’s Pipe Tomahawk to the Ponca Tribe.” Smithsonian. 7/7/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/civil-rights-leader-standing-bears-tomahawk-returned-to-his-tribe-180980369/
Rose, Andy. “3,000-year-old canoe found in Wisconsin’s Lake Mendota is the oldest ever found in Great Lakes region.” CNN. 9/23/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/23/us/canoe-native-wisconsin-lake-mendota/index.html
Scislowska, Monika. “Is Danish king who gave name to Bluetooth buried in Poland?” Phys.org. 7/31/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-danish-king-gave-bluetooth-poland.html
Solly, Meilan. “Bones Found in Medieval Well Likely Belong to Victims of Anti-Semitic Massacre.” Smithsonian. 9/1/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/bones-found-in-medieval-well-likely-belong-to-victims-of-anti-semitic-massacre-180980692/
Solly, Meilan. “England’s Oldest Surviving Shipwreck Is a 13th-Century Merchant Vessel.” Smithsonian. 7/26/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/englands-oldest-surviving-shipwreck-is-a-13th-century-merchant-vessel-180980474/
Stafford, Joe. “Archaeologists carry out first dig at tomb linked to King Arthur.” 7/1/2022. https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/tomb-linked-to-king-arthur/
Tabikha, Kamal. “Archaeologists uncover 2,600-year-old blocks of white cheese in Egypt.” Mena/The National News. 11/12/2022. https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2022/09/12/archaeologists-uncover-2600-year-old-blocks-of-white-cheese-in-egypt/
Tamisiea, Jack. “Beloved Chincoteague ponies' mythical origins may be real.” National Geographic. 7/27/2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/famous-chincoteague-ponies-may-actually-descend-from-a-spanish-shipwreck
Taylor & Francis Group. “More digging needed to see whether bones of fallen Waterloo soldiers were sold as fertilizer, as few human remains have ever been found.” Science Daily. 6/18/2022. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/06/220617210054.htm
Taylor, Luke. “Evolution of lactose tolerance probably driven by famine and disease.” New Scientist. 7/272022. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331213-evolution-of-lactose-tolerance-probably-driven-by-famine-and-disease/
The History Blog. “1,400-year-old iron folding chair found in Bavaria.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65004
The History Blog. “Conserving an 18th c. portrait and the waistcoat in it.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64758
The History Blog. “Flash-frozen 7th c. boy warrior grave thawed.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64490
The History Blog. “Getty returns unique Greek terracotta sculptural group.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64992
The History Blog. “Hiker Finds Viking Brooch From Woman’s Burial.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64949
The History Blog. “Roman “refrigerator” found in Bulgaria.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65258
The History Blog. “Roman anchor retrieved from North Sea.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65211
The History Blog. “Secrets of Vermeer’s Milkmaid revealed.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65195
The History Blog. “Shrimp fishermen haul in wooden figurehead.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/64893
UNC University Communications. “Excavations by UNC-Chapel Hill archaeologist reveal first known depictions of two biblical heroines, episode in ancient Jewish art.” 7/5/2022. https://uncnews.unc.edu/2022/07/05/excavations-by-unc-chapel-hill-archaeologist-reveal-first-known-depictions-of-two-biblical-heroines-episode-in-ancient-jewish-art/
University of Cincinatti. “Using science to solve a 1,300-year-old art mystery.” 9/6/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-09-science-year-old-art-mystery.html
University of Helsinkin. “Human bones used for making pendants in the Stone Age.” EurekAlert. 7/4/2022. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957821
Vindolanda Charitable Trust. “Instruments of War: Roman cornu mouthpiece uncovered..” 9/21/2022. https://www.vindolanda.com/news/instruments-of-war-roman-cornu-mouthpiece-uncovered.
Whiteman, Hilary. “Somerton man mystery ‘solved’ as DNA points to man’s identity, professor claims.” CNN. 7/26/2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/26/australia/australia-somerton-man-mystery-solved-claim-intl-hnk-dst/index.html
Wu, Tara. “Three Men Charged for Trying to Sell Stolen ‘Hotel California’ Notes and Lyrics.” Smithsonian. 7/13/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/three-men-charged-for-trying-to-sell-stolen-hotel-california-notes-and-lyrics-180980415/
Xavier Roca-Rada et al, A 1000-year-old case of Klinefelter's syndrome diagnosed by integrating morphology, osteology, and genetics, The Lancet (2022). DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01476-3
“5,200-year-old stone carving chrysalis found in north China.” 7/18/2022. http://www.chinaview.cn/20220718/9ff4915a83394d1089cea9e76c3f5517/c.html
Yildiz, Kadir. “Rare 1,600-year-old writing set unearthed in Istanbul.” AA. 9/15/2022. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/rare-1-600-year-old-writing-set-unearthed-in-istanbul/2685964

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Redpath Murders Oct 31, 2022

On June 13, 1901, Ada Maria Redpath, and her son Jocelyn Clifford were found shot to death in their home. What exactly happened between the two of them is something we will likely never understand.

Research:

Adams, Annmarie, et al. “‘She must not stir out of a darkened room’ 1: The Redpath Mansion Mystery.” Material Culture Review 72. Fall 2010. https://www.academia.edu/26130347/Articles_She_must_not_stir_out_of_a_darkened_room_1_The_Redpath_Mansion_Mystery
Enos, Elysha. “History buffs still fascinated with the Redpath Mansion murders, 115 years later.” CBC News. June 13, 2016. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/this-day-in-montreal-redpath-murders-1.3632064
“Son Clifford Did It.” The Ottawa Citizen. June 15, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/456123782/?terms=Redpath&match=1
“The Victoria Rifles of Canada.” Government of Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/infantry-regiments/victoria-rifles.html
Adams, Annmarie, et al. “The Redpath Mansion Mystery.” Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History. https://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/redpath/home/indexen.html
“The Redpath Tragedy.” The Weekly News-Advertiser.” June 18, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/775410318/?terms=Redpath&match=1

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SYMHC Classics: History Mystery Double Feature Oct 29, 2022

This 2015 episode features two troubling tales from the 1920s. First, newlyweds that vanished on what would have been a historic boating trip. Second, a family murdered by someone who may have been hiding in their house for weeks or months.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Ouija, Ouija! Oct 28, 2022

Holly and Tracy talk about the many products that have been made with licensed (and sometimes unlicensed) Ouija board imagery. They also discuss the scientific experiments covered in Wednesday's episode in greater detail.

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Spirit Boards and the Rise of the Ouija, Part 2 Oct 26, 2022

In addition to being the focus of corporate machinations, the Ouija board has also been invoked in many legal cases and has been featured in pop culture throughout the 20th century. But how does it work, psychologically speaking?

Research:

“Items Personal and Social.” Denton Journal. January 31, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7111598/?terms=ouija&match=1
“’Ouija’ Board Her Advisor.” Baltimore Sun. March 26, 1905. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371127794/?terms=ouija&match=1
“Editor ‘Answers.’” Baltimore Evening Sun. August 23, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/365492915/?terms=ouija&match=1
French, Chris. “The Unseen Force That Drives Ouija Boards and Fake Bomb Detectors.” The Guardian. April 27, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/apr/27/ouija-boards-dowsing-rods-bomb-detectors
“Ouija Killer Sentenced.” Spokesman-Review. July 9, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/567588953/?terms=%22dorothea%20irene%20turley%22&match=1
Clark, A. Campbell. “Automatic Writing. V.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 1723, 1894, pp. 37–37. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20226992
“Ouija Board Maker Killed.” Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware). Feb. 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/160190008/?terms=%22william%20fuld%22&match=1&clipping_id=99079163
Goodman, Edgar. “Pedigree of the ‘Witch Board.’” Omaha Daily News. June 13, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/738037975/?terms=%22Fuld%20vs.%20Fuld%22&match=1
“Charge of Witch Hunting Enters Assault Case – Indian Woman is Accused of Attack With Hammer.” The Buffalo News. Oct. 26, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/838894818/?terms=%22lila%20Jimerson%22&match=1
Waxman, Olivia B. “Ouija: Origin of Evil and the True History of the Ouija Board.” TIME. Oct. 21, 2016. https://time.com/4529861/ouija-board-history-origin-of-evil/
Cassie, Ron. “Not Dead Yet.” Baltimore Mgazine. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/the-dark-and-fascinating-history-of-the-ouija-board-baltimore-origins/
“OUIJA!” The Norfolk Landmark. January 29, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604944772/?terms=ouija&match=1&clipping_id=99064762
“The New ‘Planchet.’” Chicago Tribune. April 3, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349738032/?terms=%22talking%20board%22&match=1&clipping_id=99068585
“The President’s ‘Witch Board.’” New York Times. June 16, 1886. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1886/06/16/109786158.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez. “The Strange and Mysterious History of the Ouija Board.” Smithsonian. October 27, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-strange-and-mysterious-history-of-the-ouija-board-5860627/
“True Stories of the Supernatural, Told by Readers of the Sun.” The Baltimore Sun. February 14, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371064146/?terms=ouija&match=1
“Lie is Passed to Ouija, and By a Woman!” Chicago Tribune. Jan. 25, 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355093958/?terms=ouija&match=1
Connoly, James P. “Ouija board boom on? Yes, Says Ouija Board.” Baltimore Evening Sun. May 18, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369642710/
“William Fuld Made $1,000,000 on Ouija Board But Has No Faith in It.” Baltimore Sun. July 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/372844631/?terms=William%20Fuld&match=1&clipping_id=99076192
“Partners at Odds.” Baltimore Sun. Dec. 5, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/365328757/?terms=%22William%20Fuld%22&match=1
Rensink, Ronald A., et al. “Expression of nonconscious knowledge via ideomotor actions.” Consciousness and Cognition. February 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221872925_Expression_of_nonconscious_knowledge_via_ideomotor_actions/download
Murch, Robert. WilliamFuld.com. https://www.williamfuld.com/index.html
“The Ouija Craze.” Catoctin Clarion. January 22, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/339101621/?terms=ouija&match=1&clipping_id=99064534
“Ouija-board Will Rejected by Supreme Court.” Newport Daily Express. Aug. 12, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/659566078/?terms=Helen%20Dow%20Peck&match=1
“Former Beauty is Convicted.” Arizona Republic. June 11, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117191175/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Blame Ouija Board for Parent’s Death.” Bristol Herald Courier. Dec. 23, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/585774218/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Girl Kills Her Dad to Let Her Ma Wed Lover.” The Independent-Rcord. Dec. 27, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/528011403/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Aged Ouija Board Murderess Planning Insanity Defense.” Daily News. March 16, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836335/?terms=ouija&match=1
Rogers, Donald. “Fickle Ouija Board Deserts Its Victim.” Oakland Tribune. July 22, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/106298034/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
Eberle, Scott G., Ph.D. “The Ouija Board Explained.” Psychology Today. May 16, 2012. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/play-in-mind/201205/the-ouija-board-explained
Olson JA, Jeyanesan E, Raz A. “Ask the pendulum: personality predictors of ideomotor performance. Neurosci Conscious.” National Library of Medicine. Aug. 2, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5858027/
D’Agostino, Thomas. “Helen Dow Peck’s Amazing Will.” The Yankee Express. Dec. 18, 2020. https://www.theyankeexpress.com/2020/12/18/341774/helen-dow-peck-s-amazing-will

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Spirit Boards and the Rise of the Ouija, Part 1 Oct 24, 2022

The rise of the Ouija board in North America involves corporate intrigue, family betrayal, a lot of litigation, and very little spiritualism. Today’s episode covers how “talking boards” went from divination tool to big business.

Research:

“Items Personal and Social.” Denton Journal. January 31, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7111598/?terms=ouija&match=1
“’Ouija’ Board Her Advisor.” Baltimore Sun. March 26, 1905. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371127794/?terms=ouija&match=1
“Editor ‘Answers.’” Baltimore Evening Sun. August 23, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/365492915/?terms=ouija&match=1
French, Chris. “The Unseen Force That Drives Ouija Boards and Fake Bomb Detectors.” The Guardian. April 27, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/apr/27/ouija-boards-dowsing-rods-bomb-detectors
“Ouija Killer Sentenced.” Spokesman-Review. July 9, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/567588953/?terms=%22dorothea%20irene%20turley%22&match=1
Clark, A. Campbell. “Automatic Writing. V.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 1723, 1894, pp. 37–37. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20226992
“Ouija Board Maker Killed.” Evening Journal (Wilmington, Delaware). Feb. 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/160190008/?terms=%22william%20fuld%22&match=1&clipping_id=99079163
Goodman, Edgar. “Pedigree of the ‘Witch Board.’” Omaha Daily News. June 13, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/738037975/?terms=%22Fuld%20vs.%20Fuld%22&match=1
“Charge of Witch Hunting Enters Assault Case – Indian Woman is Accused of Attack With Hammer.” The Buffalo News. Oct. 26, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/838894818/?terms=%22lila%20Jimerson%22&match=1
Waxman, Olivia B. “Ouija: Origin of Evil and the True History of the Ouija Board.” TIME. Oct. 21, 2016. https://time.com/4529861/ouija-board-history-origin-of-evil/
Cassie, Ron. “Not Dead Yet.” Baltimore Mgazine. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/the-dark-and-fascinating-history-of-the-ouija-board-baltimore-origins/
“OUIJA!” The Norfolk Landmark. January 29, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/604944772/?terms=ouija&match=1&clipping_id=99064762
“The New ‘Planchet.’” Chicago Tribune. April 3, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349738032/?terms=%22talking%20board%22&match=1&clipping_id=99068585
“The President’s ‘Witch Board.’” New York Times. June 16, 1886. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1886/06/16/109786158.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
McRobbie, Linda Rodriguez. “The Strange and Mysterious History of the Ouija Board.” Smithsonian. October 27, 2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-strange-and-mysterious-history-of-the-ouija-board-5860627/
“True Stories of the Supernatural, Told by Readers of the Sun.” The Baltimore Sun. February 14, 1909. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371064146/?terms=ouija&match=1
“Lie is Passed to Ouija, and By a Woman!” Chicago Tribune. Jan. 25, 1921. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355093958/?terms=ouija&match=1
Connoly, James P. “Ouija board boom on? Yes, Says Ouija Board.” Baltimore Evening Sun. May 18, 1944. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369642710/
“William Fuld Made $1,000,000 on Ouija Board But Has No Faith in It.” Baltimore Sun. July 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/372844631/?terms=William%20Fuld&match=1&clipping_id=99076192
“Partners at Odds.” Baltimore Sun. Dec. 5, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/365328757/?terms=%22William%20Fuld%22&match=1
Rensink, Ronald A., et al. “Expression of nonconscious knowledge via ideomotor actions.” Consciousness and Cognition. February 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221872925_Expression_of_nonconscious_knowledge_via_ideomotor_actions/download
Murch, Robert. WilliamFuld.com. https://www.williamfuld.com/index.html
“The Ouija Craze.” Catoctin Clarion. January 22, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/339101621/?terms=ouija&match=1&clipping_id=99064534
“Ouija-board Will Rejected by Supreme Court.” Newport Daily Express. Aug. 12, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/659566078/?terms=Helen%20Dow%20Peck&match=1
“Former Beauty is Convicted.” Arizona Republic. June 11, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117191175/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Blame Ouija Board for Parent’s Death.” Bristol Herald Courier. Dec. 23, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/585774218/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Girl Kills Her Dad to Let Her Ma Wed Lover.” The Independent-Rcord. Dec. 27, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/528011403/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
“Aged Ouija Board Murderess Planning Insanity Defense.” Daily News. March 16, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836335/?terms=ouija&match=1
Rogers, Donald. “Fickle Ouija Board Deserts Its Victim.” Oakland Tribune. July 22, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/106298034/?terms=irene%20turley&match=1
Eberle, Scott G., Ph.D. “The Ouija Board Explained.” Psychology Today. May 16, 2012. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/play-in-mind/201205/the-ouija-board-explained
Olson JA, Jeyanesan E, Raz A. “Ask the pendulum: personality predictors of ideomotor performance. Neurosci Conscious.” National Library of Medicine. Aug. 2, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5858027/
D’Agostino, Thomas. “Helen Dow Peck’s Amazing Will.” The Yankee Express. Dec. 18, 2020. https://www.theyankeexpress.com/2020/12/18/341774/helen-dow-peck-s-amazing-will

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SYMHC Classics: Disappearance of Joseph Force Crater Oct 22, 2022

This 2014 episode covers the 1930 vanishing of Joseph Force Crater. His missing person cases has fueled decades of speculation about what exactly happened to the New York State Supreme Court justice.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Rose and Mamie Oct 21, 2022

Holly and Tracy talk about the prediction of Houdini's death, and Rose Mackenberg's abundant bravado. They also discuss the long road the movie 'Till" took to get to the screen, and the film's careful handling of Mamie and Emmett's story.

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Interview: The Makers of 'Till' Oct 19, 2022

The movie "Till" tells the story of Mamie Till-Mobley and her son Emmett. Actor Jalyn Hall and director Chinonye Chukwu talked with the podcast about the research and planning that went into bringing this important historical event to life.

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‘The Rev’ Rose Mackenberg Oct 17, 2022

Rose Mackenberg spent decades working to uncover fraud taking place in the name of Spiritualism, first working for Houdini, and then on her own. In her work, she said she received messages from 1,000 dead husbands that never existed.

Research:

“Says Lawmakers Consult Mediums.” New York Times. Feb. 27, 1926. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1926/02/27/98846926.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
“Houdini to Appear.” Evening Star. Feb. 21, 1926. https://www.newspapers.com/image/618515204/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjYxODUxNTIwNCwiaWF0IjoxNjYzNTk5MzU4LCJleHAiOjE2NjM2ODU3NTh9.B3_XUq4J-qd4aqWqqKe1SI5DVkQq6h7mOHCD_T8D-LY
Edwards, Gavin. “Overlooked No More: Rose Mackenberg, Houdini’s Secret ‘Ghost-Buster.’” New York Times. Dec. 6, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/06/obituaries/rose-mackenberg-overlooked.html
Williamson, E.W. “Spirit Fakers of City Fatten on War Grief.” Chicago Tribune. Aug. 5, 1945. https://www.newspapers.com/image/371848849
Mackenberg, Rose. “Her Business Is Exposing Spirit Fakers.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Sept. 12, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/138984895/?clipping_id=81525804&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjEzODk4NDg5NSwiaWF0IjoxNjYzNTk4NjcxLCJleHAiOjE2NjM2ODUwNzF9.9dPqyrWvZ5eDs0bMQcmYOXPCMJwJQN1mN2tz1KdgctQ
“Houdini Urges Bill to Curb Mediums.” Evening Star. Feb. 26, 1926. https://www.newspapers.com/image/618515404/?clipping_id=81527215
Hartman, William C. “Hartmann’s Who’s Who in Occult, Psychic and Spiritual Realms.” 1925. http://www.ehbritten.org/docs/1925_hartmann_whos_who_in_occult_psychic_and_spiritual_realms_r.pdf
“Christ Coming in 2,000, Says Pastor.” Inidianapolis Star. Dec. 1, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46052740/christ-coming-in-2000-says-pastor/
Lee, Karen. “The Astonishing Adventures of Houdini’s Favorite Detective.” Newspapers.com. July 20, 2021. https://blog.newspapers.com/astonishing-adventures-of-houdinis-favorite-detective/
Welshimer, Helen. “Made a Frump out of Herself to Expose the Fake Mediums.” Ogden Standard Examiner. Aug. 15, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/596893320/?terms=Rose%20Mackenberg&match=1
“Pastor Defends Klan.” Indianapolis News. Oct. 2, 1922. https://www.newspapers.com/image/39565036/?
“HINTS OF SEANCES AT WHITE HOUSE.” New York Times. May 19, 1926. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1926/05/19/98379175.html?pageNumber=26
“Magician Pulls Local Minister Out of Audience.” Indianapolis Star. October 13, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/image/104820857/?terms=%22Magician%20Pulls%20Local%20Minister%22&match=1
“’Not Interested,” Say Coolidges of Spiritualism.” Atlanta Constitution. May 19, 1926. https://www.newspapers.com/image/397965606
Mackenberg, Rose. “When Crime Poses as Spiritualism.” San Francisco Examiner. March 12, 1939. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458113189/
Polidoro, Massimo. “Final Seance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle.” Prometheus Books. 2010.

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SYMHC Classics: Harry Houdini, Master Mystifier Oct 15, 2022

This 2009 episode from previous hosts Katie and Sarah covers Harry Houdini, once known as the world's greatest magician. Houdini's reputation still resonates with modern fans of illusion and magic.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Psychics and Serpents Oct 14, 2022

Tracy and Holly discuss WWII submarine warfare as it related to Helen Duncan’s story. Tracy also shares her experience visiting the Mütter Museum when it was hosting an exhibit titled “Imperfecta.”

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Edward May's Strange Monster Oct 12, 2022

In 1639, doctor Edward May published a 40-page text about a serpent he found in the heart of a 21-year-old man during a post-mortem examination. We don’t know exactly what it was, but there are plenty of theories.

Research:

Bush, Sargent Jr. “Bosom Serpents before Hawthorne: The Origins of a Symbol.” American Literature , May, 1971, Vol. 43, No. 2 (May, 1971). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2924236
Church, William Selby. “The Rise of Physiology in England: The Harveian Oration Delivered Before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895.” Adlard. 1896.
Denham, D.A. “A most certaine and true relation of a strange monster or serpent found in the left ventricle of the heart of John Pennant, gentleman, of the age of 21 years.” Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 71, Issue 5, 1977, Page 455, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(77)90066-9
Eades, Bentley Gerald. “The Jacobean and Caroline Stage Vol-ii.” The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1941.
Healy, Simon. “KYNASTON, Sir Francis (1587-c.1649), of Oteley, Ellesmere, Salop; later of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster and Covent Garden, Mdx.” he History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/kynaston-sir-francis-1587-1649
May, Edward. “A most certaine and true relation of a strange monster or serpent found in the left ventricle of the heart of John Pennant, Gentleman, of the age of 21 yeares.” London : George Miller. 1639. https://archive.org/details/b3033973x
Morris, Thomas. “The man with a snake in his heart.” http://www.thomas-morris.uk/man-snake-heart/
Pender, Stephen. “Examples and Experience: On the Uncertainty of Medicine.” The British Journal for the History of Science , Mar., 2006, Vol. 39, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4028546
Pennant, Thomas. “The History of the Parishes of Whiteford and Holywell.” B. and J. White. 1796.
Perella, Chrissie. “Teratology: ‘Monster’ as a medical term.” Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. https://histmed.collegeofphysicians.org/for-students/teratology-monster-as-a-medical-term/
Richardson, Ruth. “Pennant's serpent.” The Lancet. Vol. 357, Issue 9260. 3/24/2001. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)71674-3/fulltext
Ross, Alexander. “Arcana microcosmi.” London : T. Newcomb. 1652. https://archive.org/details/b30329140/
Slights, William W.E. “The Narrative Heart of the Renaissance.” Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme. Winter/Hiver 2002. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445471
The Public Domain Review. “A Monster in the Heart: Edward May’s A Most Certaine and True Relation (1639).” https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/heart-serpent
Woolley, Benjamin. “The herbalist : Nicholas Culpeper and the Fight for Medical Freedom.” HarperCollins, 2004.

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Helen Duncan, (Not) Scotland’s Last Witch Oct 10, 2022

Helen Duncan is sometimes described as Scotland’s last witch, or the last person imprisoned for witchcraft in Britain, or the last person to be tried under the UK’s 1735 Witchcraft Act. None of those are quite accurate.

Research:

Undiscovered Scotland. “Helen Duncan.” https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/helenduncan.html
“Scotland’s Last Witch.” Modern Scotland. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/modern/oddities_modern.shtml
“Britain's 'last witch': Campaign to pardon Helen Duncan.” 6/15/2012. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-18456106
Atkins, Harry. “Helen Duncan: Britain’s Last Witch.” History Hit. 6/10/2022. https://www.historyhit.com/helen-duncan-britains-last-witch/
Brown, Laura. “Helen Duncan.” The Scots Magazine. https://www.scotsmagazine.com/articles/series/a-z-of-great-scots-helen-duncan/
Price, Harry. “The Cheese-Cloth Worshippers by Harry Price.” Leaves from a Psychist's Case-Book (Victor Gollancz, 1933).
Meier, Allison C. “Ectoplasm and the Last British Woman Tried for Witchcraft.” JSTOR Daily. 9/13/2018. https://daily.jstor.org/ectoplasm-and-the-last-british-woman-tried-for-witchcraft/
Team Mighty. “A British Woman Was Convicted Under a Witchcraft Law During WWII.” The Archive. 9/7/2021. https://explorethearchive.com/helen-duncan
McPherson, Hamish. “The truth about the UK's last witch Helen Duncan.” The National. 5/8/2018. https://www.thenational.scot/news/16209915.truth-uks-last-witch-helen-duncan/
Schnuer, Jenna. "SPIRITED AWAY: After a devastating Royal Navy loss, military authorities felt duty bound to keep a careful eye on a famed Scottish mystic." World War II, vol. 34, no. 1, June 2019, pp. 64+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A581176173/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c973ec6a. Accessed 2 Sept. 2022.
Gaskill, Malcolm. "Britain's Last Witch." History Today, vol. 51, no. 5, May 2001, p. 6. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A74483221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5c15ccbd. Accessed 2 Sept. 2022.
Gaskill, Malcolm. "Duncan [née MacFarlane], (Victoria) Helen McCrae (1897–1956), medium." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 7 Sep. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/66217
Collins, B. Abdy. “Spiritualism and the Law.” The Modern Law Review , July 1945, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1945). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1090340
Old Bailey Trial Series. “The Trial of Mrs. Duncan.” C. E. Bechhofer Roberts, General Editor. 1945.
UK Parliament. “Witchcraft.” https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/religion/overview/witchcraft/
UK Parliament. “Which Witch(Craft Act) Is Which?” 10/28/2020. https://archives.blog.parliament.uk/2020/10/28/which-witchcraft-act-is-which/
Vagrancy Act of 1824 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1824/83/pdfs/ukpga_18240083_en.pdf
Fraudulent Mediums Act of 1951 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1951/33/pdfs/ukpga_19510033_en.pdf
Earls, Averill and Marissa Rhodes. State Secrets: Helen Duncan’s Famous Witchcraft Trial.’ Dig: A History Podcast. 7/3/2022. https://digpodcast.org/2022/07/03/cheesecloth-spiritualism-and-state-secrets-helen-duncans-famous-witchcraft-trial/

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SYMHC Classics: Matthew Hopkins Oct 08, 2022

This 2019 episode covers England’s largest and deadliest set of witch trials. They were largely influenced by one man, Matthew Hopkins, who was known as the Witchfinder General.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Robeson and Schrepfer Oct 07, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about how racism stripped Paul Robeson of his career, and Robeson’s support of the communist Soviet Union. They also discuss whether Schrepfer may have accidentally poisoned himself.

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The Necromancy of Joann Georg Schrepfer Oct 05, 2022

Johann George Schrepfer’s life story is clouded by his embellished and falsified tales of his necromancy and spiritualism. And both his followers and detractors also gave biased and incorrect accounts of their interactions with him.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Seven Years’ War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War
Andriopoulos, Stefan. “Kant’s Magic Lantern: Historical Epistemology and Media Archaeology.” Representations, vol. 115, no. 1, 2011, pp. 42–70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2011.115.1.42
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "necromancy". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 May. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/topic/necromancy
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Freemasonry". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Freemasonry
Geffarth, Renko. “The Masonic Necromancer: Shifting Identities In The Lives Of Johann Georg Schrepfer.” Brill. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162570.i-326.49
Museum - Naturalienkabinett Waldenburg. "Laterna magica" last modified 2021-11-26. https://global.museum-digital.org/object/1876368
Wustmann, Gustav, "Schrepfer, Johann Georg" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 32 (1891), pp. 490-491 [online version]; URL: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120914042
Museum - Naturalienkabinett Waldenburg. "Geisterkasten" last modified 2021-11-26. https://global.museum-digital.org/object/1876367
Rossel, Deac. “The Magic Lantern.” Ich Sehe was, was du nicht siehst! Sehmaschinen und Bilderwelten. 2002. https://www.academia.edu/345943

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Paul Robeson and the Peekskill Riots Oct 03, 2022

The Peekskill Riots surrounded a concert by singer and activist Paul Robeson. His stances on political and civil rights issues and his communist affiliations catalyzed protests that were fueled with an undercurrent of racism and antisemitism.

Research:

American Civil Liberties Union. “Violence in Peekskill: A Report on the Violations of Civil Liberties at Two Paul Robeson Concerts near Peekskill, NY.” 1949.
By LANSING WARREN Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. "Paris 'Peace Congress' Assails U. S. and Atlantic Pact, Upholds Soviet: MEETING AT 'PEACE CONGRESS' IN PARIS CONGRESS IN PARIS ASSAILS U. S. POLICY." New York Times (1923-), Apr 21 1949, p. 1. ProQuest. Web. 31 Aug. 2022 .
Congress, House, Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of the Unauthorized Use of U.S. Passports, 84th Congress, Part 3, June 12, 1956; in Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968, Eric Bentley, ed. (New York: Viking Press, 1971), 770.
Courtney, Steve. “Peekskill's days of infamy: The Robeson riots of 1949.” The Reporter Dispatch, September 5, 1982. http://www.bencourtney.com/peekskillriots/
Democracy “VIDEO: Pete Seeger Recalls the 1949 Peekskill Riot Where He And Paul Robeson Were Attacked.” 1/31/2014. https://www.democracynow.org/2014/1/31/video_pete_seeger_recalls_the_1949
Dorinson, Joseph. “Paul Robeson and Jackie Robinson: Athletes and Activists at Armageddon.” Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies , Winter 1999, Vol. 66, No. 1, Paul Robeson. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27774174
Horne, Field. "Peekskill riots." Encyclopedia of New York State, edited by Peter R. Eisenstadt and Laura-Eve Moss, Syracuse UP, 2005, p. 1190. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A194197875/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=25d15b16. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022.
Horne, Gerald. “Paul Robeson: The Artist as Revolutionary.” Pluto Press. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt19b9jxj.9
Hudson River Maritime Museum. “Paul Robeson and the Peekskill Riots.” 1/18/2021. https://www.hrmm.org/history-blog/paul-robeson-and-the-peekskill-riots
Huggins, Nathan Irvin. "Paul Robeson." The Nation, vol. 248, no. 11, 20 Mar. 1989, pp. 383+. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A7424117/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6617e02c. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022.
Karp, Jonathan D. “Performing Black-Jewish Symbiosis: The ‘Hassidic Chant’ of Paul Robeson.” American Jewish History, Volume 91, Number 1, March 2003. https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2004.0032
"Remembering Peekskill." Jacobin Magazine, 22 June 2017, p. NA. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A675159334/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=459a974b. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022.
Robeson, Paul. “The Negro people and the Soviet Union.” 1950. https://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A4785
Salkin, Jeffrey K. “Inside The 1949 Westchester KKK Attack Where Rioters Chanted ‘We’re Hitler’s Boys’” Forward. 8/26/2019. https://forward.com/culture/113279/peekskill-riots-1949-westchester-kkk-fascist-attack-jewish-black-attendees/
Shea, Rich. “Paul Robeson Football Star.” Rutgers Today. 3/13/2019. https://www.rutgers.edu/news/paul-robeson-football-star
Smith, Ronald A. “The Paul Robeson—Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision.” Journal of Sport History , Summer 1979, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Summer 1979). Via JSTOR. : https://www.jstor.org/stable/43608951
Walwik, Joseph. “Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Vol. 66, No. 1, Paul Robeson (1898-1976)—A Centennial Symposium (Winter 1999).” Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27774178

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SYMHC Classics: The Hagley Woods Murder Oct 01, 2022

This 2016 episode covers a skeleton found in a tree near Birmingham, England in 1943. More than 70 years later, it's still unknown who the deceased was and how the body ended up in an elm tree.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Oh, Charles Sep 30, 2022

Holly and Tracy discuss the difficult nature of Chapin's personality. They also talk about the ways that the rivalry between Pulitzer and Hearst played out, and the way one of Chapin's employees got quiet revenge.

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Charles Chapin’s Complicated Life, Part 2 Sep 28, 2022

Chapin's successful journalism career crumbled as stress chipped away at his mental health, and he committed a terrible crime. But there were still surprises left to his story.

Research:

“Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage’s Office.” The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1
“A Dynamite Bomb.” The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1
“City Slave Girls.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M
“New York World Editor Kills Wife.” Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1
Morris, James McGrath. “The Rose Man of Sing Sing: A True Tale of Life, Murder, and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism.” Fordham University Press. 2003.
Chapin, Charles. “Winnetka’s Horror.” Chicago Tribune. Feb. 14, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741239/?terms=Winnetka%27s%20Horror&match=1
“Editor Chapin Sane.” Enid Daily Eagle. Dec. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/608553349/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1
“Mrs. Macaulley’s Crime.” Chicago Tribune. Dec. 25, 1887. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349513839/?terms=%22william%20macaulley%22&match=1
Chapin, Charles E. “Charles Chapin's Story Written in Sing Sing Prison.” G.P. Putnam. 1920. Read online: https://books.google.com/books?id=UmZMAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
“Russell Sage’s Will.” The Ordway New Era. August 3, 1906. https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ONE19060803-01.2.45&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------
Snow, Richard, “Charles Chapin.” American Heritage. December 1979. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-chapin
“Prisoner McKeague.” Chicago Tribune. February 26, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741560/?terms=neal%20mckeague&match=1
Roberts, Sam. “Archives From Prisons in New York Are Digitized.” New York Times. July 6, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-archives-are-digitized-by-ancestry-com.html
Wingfield, Valerie. “The General Slocum Disaster of June 15, 1904.” New York Public Library. June 13, 2011. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904

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Charles Chapin’s Complicated Life, Part 1 Sep 26, 2022

Chapin built a life people envied, and had a great deal of power. His entire biography is full of noteworthy achievements and awards. As a newsman, he covered many of the key moments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Research:

“Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage’s Office.” The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1
“A Dynamite Bomb.” The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1
“City Slave Girls.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M
“New York World Editor Kills Wife.” Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1
Morris, James McGrath. “The Rose Man of Sing Sing: A True Tale of Life, Murder, and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism.” Fordham University Press. 2003.
Chapin, Charles. “Winnetka’s Horror.” Chicago Tribune. Feb. 14, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741239/?terms=Winnetka%27s%20Horror&match=1
“Editor Chapin Sane.” Enid Daily Eagle. Dec. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/608553349/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1
“Mrs. Macaulley’s Crime.” Chicago Tribune. Dec. 25, 1887. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349513839/?terms=%22william%20macaulley%22&match=1
Chapin, Charles E. “Charles Chapin's Story Written in Sing Sing Prison.” G.P. Putnam. 1920. Read online: https://books.google.com/books?id=UmZMAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
“Russell Sage’s Will.” The Ordway New Era. August 3, 1906. https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ONE19060803-01.2.45&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------
Snow, Richard, “Charles Chapin.” American Heritage. December 1979. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-chapin
“Prisoner McKeague.” Chicago Tribune. February 26, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741560/?terms=neal%20mckeague&match=1
Roberts, Sam. “Archives From Prisons in New York Are Digitized.” New York Times. July 6, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-archives-are-digitized-by-ancestry-com.html
Wingfield, Valerie. “The General Slocum Disaster of June 15, 1904.” New York Public Library. June 13, 2011. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904

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SYMHC Classics: General Slocum Disaster Sep 24, 2022

This 2019 episode covers the burning of the P.S. General Slocum in the East River in New York on June 15, 1904. It had been chartered for a group outing that suddenly became a deadly maritime disaster.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Eugene Sep 23, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about hunting for sources for Eugene Jacques Bullard's story, and his unpublished memoir. They also talk about wanting to return to Paris knowing Bullard's story.

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Eugene Jacques Bullard and the Paris Jazz Age (Pt. 2) Sep 21, 2022

After World War I ended, Eugene Jacques Bullard returned to Paris. He worked as a jazz drummer and nightclub owner, and as the tensions that led to World War II loomed, as an intelligence agent for France.

Research:

"Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Redmon, Jeremy. “The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.” Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers
Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interwar years." Journal of Romance Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, winter 2005, pp. 25+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A166694624/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3157a090. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Pisano, Dominick. “Eugene J. Bullard.” National Air and Space Museum. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/eugene-j-bullard
Mandt, Brenda. “Eugene Bullard, the First African American Fighter Pilot and Veteran of Two World Wars.” Museum of Flight. 1/18/2021. https://blog.museumofflight.org/eugene-bullard-the-first-african-american-fighter-pilot-and-veteran-of-two-world-wars
Brosnahan, Cori. “The Two Lives of Eugene Bullard.” PBS American Experience. 4/3/2017. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/great-war-two-lives-eugene-bullard/
Lloyd, Craig. "Eugene Bullard." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 November 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/eugene-bullard-1895-1961/.
National WWII Museum. “Eugene Bullard: Hero of Two World Wars.” 2/4/2021. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIKDvou2fq0
Lloyd, Craig. “Eugene Bullard: Black Expatriate in Jazz-age Paris.” University of Georgia Press. 2006.
Keith, Phil and Tom Clavin. “All Blood Runs Red: The Legendary Life of Eugene Bullard – Boxer, Pilot, Soldier, Spy.” Hanover Square Press, 2019.
Asukile, Thabiti. “J.A. Rogers' ‘Jazz at Home’: Afro-American Jazz in Paris During the Jazz Age.” The Black Scholar , FALL 2010, Vol. 40, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41163931

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Eugene Jacques Bullard, Combat Pilot (Pt. 1) Sep 19, 2022

Bullard is often described as the first Black American fighter pilot – which is true – but he also had a full and fascinating life beyond that. This episode covers his travels before WWI and his military career.

Research:

"Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Redmon, Jeremy. “The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.” Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers
Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interwar years." Journal of Romance Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, winter 2005, pp. 25+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A166694624/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3157a090. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022.
Pisano, Dominick. “Eugene J. Bullard.” National Air and Space Museum. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/eugene-j-bullard
Mandt, Brenda. “Eugene Bullard, the First African American Fighter Pilot and Veteran of Two World Wars.” Museum of Flight. 1/18/2021. https://blog.museumofflight.org/eugene-bullard-the-first-african-american-fighter-pilot-and-veteran-of-two-world-wars
Brosnahan, Cori. “The Two Lives of Eugene Bullard.” PBS American Experience. 4/3/2017. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/great-war-two-lives-eugene-bullard/
Lloyd, Craig. "Eugene Bullard." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 November 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/eugene-bullard-1895-1961/.
National WWII Museum. “Eugene Bullard: Hero of Two World Wars.” 2/4/2021. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIKDvou2fq0
Lloyd, Craig. “Eugene Bullard: Black Expatriate in Jazz-age Paris.” University of Georgia Press. 2006.
Keith, Phil and Tom Clavin. “All Blood Runs Red: The Legendary Life of Eugene Bullard – Boxer, Pilot, Soldier, Spy.” Hanover Square Press, 2019.
Asukile, Thabiti. “J.A. Rogers' ‘Jazz at Home’: Afro-American Jazz in Paris During the Jazz Age.” The Black Scholar , FALL 2010, Vol. 40, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41163931

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SYMHC Classics: Jack Johnson Sep 17, 2022

This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina discusses how during Jack Johnson's time, the heavyweight championship was unofficially a whites-only title. Despite discrimination, Johnson became the first black heavyweight champion, but some questioned his legitimacy.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Lavinia and Imogene Sep 16, 2022

Holly and Tracy talk about the gossip surrounding two of Livinia Fontana Zappi's paintings. They also discuss the degree to which people ignored Imogene Rechtin's actual messaging about kissing when criticizing her campaign.

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Imogene Rechtin’s ‘Kiss Not’ Campaign Sep 14, 2022

In the early 1900s, Imogene Rechtin started a crusade to get people to stop kissing socially as a way to stop disease spread. Her argument was sound, but she was largely dismissed as being uptight.

Research:

“Health Society Bars Kisses.” The Taney Country Republican (Forsyth, Missouri). June 15, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/859865029/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1
“World’s Health Organization Waging War Against Kissing.” The Evening-Times Star and Almeda Daily Argus.” Feb 23, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/607117745/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1
“An Assault on Kissing.” The Washington Post. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/28961790/?terms=%22kiss%22&match=1
“Declares Kiss Must Go.” Herald and Review. Decatur, Illinois. Nov. 27, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/92535138/?terms=%22Declares%20Kiss%20Must%20Go%22&match=1
“Woman Doctor Says Kissing In Unseemly.” The Washington Times. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/80711073/?terms=%22kissing%20unseemly%22&match=1
Patterson, Ethel Lloyd. “Kiss is Under Ban of ‘Brains’ in Quaker City.” Oakland Tribune. Nov. 30, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/76453147/?terms=%22Kiss%20is%20Under%20Ban%20of%20%27Brains%27%20in%20Quaker%20City%22&match=1
“Fight Against Kissing.” The News (Frederick Maryland). June 17, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/18372050/?terms=%22Fight%20Against%20Kissing%22&match=1
“To Kiss or Not to Kiss.” The San Francisco Call. July 31, 1910. Accessed through the National Endowment for the Humanities. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-07-31/ed-1/seq-16/
“Antikisser? Pshaw!” The Washington Post. June 29, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/31555929/
“MORTALITY STATISTICS:1910.” Department of Commerce and Labor Bureau of the Census.” 1912. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsushistorical/mortstatbl_1910.pdf
Dublin, Louis I. and Jessamine Whitney. “On the Costs of Tuberculosis.” Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association , Dec., 1920, Vol. 17, No. 132 (Dec., 1920), pp. 441-450. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2965239.pdf
“Cincinnati Woman in Fight Against Kissing.” The Tribune. Aug. 10 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/157436476/?terms=%22Fight%20Against%20Kissing%22&match=1
Last, John. “The Woman Who Fought to End the ‘Pernicious’ Scourge of Kissing.” Smithsonian. May 31, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-woman-who-campaigned-against-the-pernicious-scourge-of-kissing-180980141/
Tesh, Sylvia. “POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.” International Journal of Health Services, vol. 12, no. 2, 1982, pp. 321–42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45130380
Baldwin, Peter C. “Dangers that Lurk in a Kiss: Quarantining the American Mouth, 1890–1920.” Journal of Social History. Volume 55, Issue 3, Spring 2022, Pages 647–667. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shab014

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Lavinia Fontana Zappi Sep 12, 2022

Lavinia Fontana was taught painting by her father, and became one of the earliest examples of a woman with an independent career in art that supported her family. She became very well-known for her portraits and her devotional art.

Research:

Bohn, Babette. “Women Artists, Their Patrons, and Their Publics in Early Modern Bologna.” Pennsylvania State University Press. 2021.
Villa, Angelica. “National Gallery of Victoria Acquires Lavinia Fontana Painting to Address ‘Gender Imbalance.’” ARTnews. Feb. 8, 2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/national-gallery-of-victoria-lavinia-fontana-acquisition-1234618453/
National Gallery of Ireland. “Part 1: Introducing the Lavinia Fontana Conservation and Research Project.” Aug. 22, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N0nv40TzEk
National Gallery of Ireland. “Conservation treatment of Lavinia Fontana's painting.” https://www.nationalgallery.ie/explore-and-learn/conservation-and-research-projects/lavinia-fontana-conservation-and-research-0
Casoni, Felice Antonio. “Medal.” The British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_G3-IP-370
Lupi, Livia. “This Day in History: August 11.” Italian Art Society. August 11, 2016. https://www.italianartsociety.org/2016/08/lavinia-fontana-died-on-11-august-1614-in-rome/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lavinia Fontana". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lavinia-Fontana
Sanchez, Francisco Del Rio. “Where did the Queen of Sheba rule—Arabia or Africa?” National Geographic. June 7, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2021/06/where-did-the-queen-of-sheba-rule-arabia-or-africa
McIver, Katherine A. “Renaissance Women Painting Themselves.” Art Herstory. June 8, 2019. https://artherstory.net/self-portraits-by-renaissance-women-artists/
Murphy, Caroline P. “Lavinia Fontana and ‘Le Dame Della Città’: Understanding Female Artistic Patronage in Late Sixteenth-Century Bologna.” Renaissance Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 1996, pp. 190–208. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24412268
“Mannerism.” National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/mannerism.html

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SYMHC Classics: Polio, The Dread Disease Sep 10, 2022

This 2011 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers polio, a threat in the early 20th century that often left victims paralyzed or dead. Vaccines caused an immediate drop in polio cases and today have nearly eradicated the disease.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Mold and Monarchs Sep 09, 2022

Tracy and Holly talk about school science fairs and their performance in them. They then discuss the interesting aspect of Field of Cloth of Gold preparations that put people from England and France side by side as they worked.

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Field of Cloth of Gold Sep 07, 2022

The Field of Cloth of Gold was a summit and celebration that was held to start what was hoped to be a long-term alliance between France and England. And it required a lot of fancy footwork to keep two monarchs appeased.

Research:

Richardson, Glenn. “The Field of Cloth of Gold.” Yale University Press. 2020.
“Henry VIII’s foot combat armour.” Royal Armouries. https://royalarmouries.org/stories/object-of-the-month/object-of-the-month-for-april-henry-viiis-foot-combat-armour/
Solly, Meilan. “When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on an 18-Day Party.” Smithsonian. June 23, 2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/five-hundred-years-ago-henry-viii-and-francis-i-spent-19-million-18-day-party-180975116/
“The Field of Cloth of Gold.” Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/the-field-of-cloth-of-gold/#gs.9xj1t7
Lay, Paul. “Wolsey’s Own Accord.” History Today. Volume 68, Issue 10. October 2018. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/editor/wolsey%E2%80%99s-own-accord
Watts, Karen. “Tournaments at the Court of King Henry VIII.” From “Henry VIII in Twenty-First Century Popular Culture.” Lexington Books. 2017.

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Penicillin: More than a Moldy Petri Dish Sep 05, 2022

The development of penicillin started – but definitely did not end – with the chance discovery of some mold in a petri dish. There is so much more to the story.

Research:

Bernard, Diane. “How a miracle drug changed the fight against infection during World War II.” Washington Post. 7/11/2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/07/11/penicillin-coronavirus-florey-wwii-infection/
British Library. “Inventor(s) of the month, Alexander Fleming and the story of Penicillin.” 7/28/2021. https://blogs.bl.uk/business/2021/07/inventors-of-the-month-alexander-fleming.html
Chain, E. et al. “Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent.” The Lancet. Vol. 236, Issue 6104. 8/24/1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)08728-1
Fleming A. On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their Use in the Isolation of B. influenzæ. Br J Exp Pathol. 1929 Jun;10(3):226–36. PMCID: PMC2048009.
Gaynes, Robert. “The Discovery of Penicillin—New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use.” Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 May; 23(5): 849–853.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5403050/
Lee, Victoria. “Microbial Transformations.” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, SEPTEMBER 2018, Vol. 48, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26507225
National Museums of Scotland. “Culture Vessel.” https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/science-and-technology/culture-vessel/
Quinn, Roswell. “Rethinking Antibiotic Research and Development: World War II and the Penicillin Collaborative.” American Journal of Public Health | March 2013, Vol 103, No. 3.
Scibilia, Anthony Julius. “Being Prometheus in 1943:: Bringing Penicillin to the Working Man.” Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies , Vol. 80, No. 3 (Summer 2013). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/pennhistory.80.3.0442
Science History. “Alexander Fleming.” 12/5/2017. https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/alexander-fleming
Science Museum. “How Was Penicillin Developed?” 2/23/2021. https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/how-was-penicillin-developed
Shama, Gilbert. “’Déjà Vu’ – The Recycling of Penicillin in Post-liberation Paris.” Pharmacy in History , 2013, Vol. 55, No. 1 (2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23645718
The Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum, London, UK. “The Discovery and Development of Penicillin 1928-1945.” 11/19/1999. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin/the-discovery-and-development-of-penicillin-commemorative-booklet.pdf
Wainwright, Milton. “Moulds in Folk Medicine.” Folklore , 1989, Vol. 100, No. 2 (1989). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260294
Wainwright, Milton. “The History of the Therapeutic Use of Crude Penicillin.” Medical History, 1987, 31: 41-50.
Williams KJ. The introduction of 'chemotherapy' using arsphenamine - the first magic bullet. J R Soc Med. 2009 Aug;102(8):343-8. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k036. PMID: 19679737; PMCID: PMC2726818.
Wood, Jonathan. “Penicillin: The Oxford Story.” Oxford News Blog. 7/16/2010. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/penicillin-oxford-story
Zaffiri, Lorenzo et al. “History of Antibiotics. From Salvarsan to Cephalosporins.” Journal of Investigative Surgery, 25, 67–77, 2012.

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SYMHC Classics: Elizabeth Jennings Graham Sep 03, 2022

The subject of this 2018 episode is sometimes called a 19th-century Rosa Parks. When Elizabeth boarded a Manhattan streetcar in 1854, a chain of events began which became an important to the civil rights of New York's Black citizens.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Dishwashers and Desmond Sep 02, 2022

Holly speculates about how one article about Josephine Cochrane got so many details wrong. Tracy then talks about the details of Canada's currency featuring Viola Desmond.

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Viola Desmond Aug 31, 2022

Desmond was convicted after refusing to leave her seat in a segregated movie theater in Nova Scotia in 1946. But she also established the first beauty salon for Black women her area, and founded a beauty school for Black women.

Research:

Bingham, Russell. "Viola Desmond". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 16 April 2021, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/viola-desmond. Accessed 09 August 2022.
Bishop, Henry V. “Viola (Davis) Desmond (b. 1914 — d. 1965): Stand For Justice.” Nova Scotia Archives. https://archives.novascotia.ca/desmond/background/
Canadian Museum for Human Rights. “One woman’s resistance: Viola Desmond's Story.” https://humanrights.ca/story/one-womans-resistance
Flynn, Karen. “Remembering Viola Desmond.” Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. 11/2021. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/remembering-viola-desmond?language_content_entity=en
"Fred Christie Case (Christie v York)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 06 June 2020, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fred-christie-case. Accessed 12 August 2022.
Henry, Natasha. "Racial Segregation of Black People in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 08 September 2021, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/racial-segregation-of-black-people-in-canada. Accessed 10 August 2022.
Parks Canada. “Viola Desmond National Historic Person (1914-1965).” https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/res/information-backgrounder/Viola_Desmond
Reynolds, Graham and Wanda Robson. “Viola Desmond: Her Life and Times.” Roseway Publishing. 2018.
Robson, Wanda. “Sister to courage : stories from the world of Viola Desmond, Canada's Rosa Parks.” Wreck Cove, N.S. : Breton Books. 2010.
The Halifax Chronicle. “Dismisses Desmond Application.” 5/19/1947. page 14. Via Nova Scotia Archives. https://archives.novascotia.ca/desmond/archives/?ID=28
"Viola Desmond." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2022. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631009722/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1380ef8c. Accessed 8 Aug. 2022.
Walker, Barrington. “The African Canadian Legal Odyssey: Historical Essays.” Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2012.

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Invention of the Dishwasher Aug 29, 2022

There is one woman in particular who normally gets the credit for inventing the dish washer. But there were other inventors trying to come up with ways to automatically take care of kitchen clean up both before and after Josephine Cochran.

Research:

Bellis, Mary. "Josephine Cochran and the Invention of the Dishwasher." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/josephine-cochran-dishwasher-4071171.
Houghton, Joel. “IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR WASHING TABLE FURNITURE.” United States Patent Office. May 14, 1850. https://todayinsci.com/Events/Patent/DishwashingMachine7365.htm
Cochran, J.G. “Dish Washing Machine.” U.S. Patent Office. Dec. 28, 1886. https://patents.google.com/patent/US355139
Fenster, Julie M. “The Woman Who Invented the Dish Washer.” Invention & Technology. Fall 1999. Volume 15, Issue 2. https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/woman-who-invented-dishwasher-1
“Restoring History: Family Purchases Home of Dishwasher Inventor Josephine Cochrane and Pledges to Return it to its Former Glory.” Whirlpool. July 30, 2020. https://www.whirlpoolcorp.com/restoring-history-dishwasher-inventor-josephine-cochrane/
Eschner, Kat. “This Time-Saving Patent Paved the Way for the Modern Dishwasher.” Smithsonian. Dec. 28, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/time-saving-patent-paved-way-modern-dishwasher-180967656/
Ram, Jocelyn, et al. “I’ll Do It Myself.” United States Patent and Trademark Office. https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/journeys-innovation/historical-stories/ill-do-it-myself
“Josephine Garis Cochran.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. 2006. https://www.invent.org/inductees/josephine-garis-cochran
Smyser, Sue. “Woman’s Quest to Save Good China Leads to Invention of Dishwasher.” Journal Gazette (Mattoon, Illinois). March 13, 2002. https://www.newspapers.com/image/84706698/?terms=Garis-Cochran&match=1
“Mrs. Cochran, Who Has Won Success as an Inventor.” The Dispatch (Moline, Illinois). Nov. 16, 1895. https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=55415779&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjMzODYyNTg5OCwiaWF0IjoxNjU5OTY3OTUzLCJleHAiOjE2NjAwNTQzNTN9.a3m-ZQ4f6PFlFUG8ibS-p2qBxNpg0C9Z2gEwg1t5lOU

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SYMHC Classics: Great London Smog Aug 27, 2022

This 2014 episode covers why when the Great London Smog descended in December of 1952, nobody initially realized anything unusual was going on. At its largest, it extended 30 kilometers around London, and it killed thousands of people.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Lowry and Midgley Aug 26, 2022

Tracy and Holly discuss resources for learning more about the Lumbee and the unique nature of North Carolina's outdoor historical dramas. Additionally, they discuss lead, cartoonist Roz Chast, and Midgley's death.

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Thomas Midgley Jr.’s Deadly Inventions Aug 24, 2022

Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health.

Research:

Bellis, Mary. "The History of Freon." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-freon-4072212.
Blakemore, Erin. “The Ozone Hole Was Super Scary, So What Happened To It?” Smithsonian. 1/13/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ozone-hole-was-super-scary-what-happened-it-180957775/
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tetraethyl lead". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/science/tetraethyl-lead. Accessed 3 August 2022.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thomas Midgley, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr. Accessed 3 August 2022.
Dayton Herald. “Midgey’s Death Termed Suicide.” P. 28. 11/10/1944.
Giunta, Carmen J. “Thomas Midgley Jr. and the Inventions of Chlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants: It Ain’t Necessarily So.” Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 31, Number 2 (2006). http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v31-2/v31-2%20p66-74.pdf
Kettering, Charles F. “Thomas Midgley, Jr: 1889-1944.” National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, 1947. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/midgley-thomas.pdf
Kovarik, Bill. “Ethyl leaded gasoline: How a Classic Occupational Disease Became an International Public Health Disaster. INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 2005;11:384–397. VOL 11/NO 4, OCT/DEC 2005. https://environmentalhistory.org/about/ethyl-leaded-gasoline/
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. “History of the Ozone Hole.” https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history_SH.html
“Novel Method of Removing Metal from An Eye.” Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 9, 892–895 Publication Date. September 1, 1919 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50117a017
Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Thu. 4 Aug 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/press-release/
Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 1.” Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030245v
Seyferth, Dietmar. “The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 2.” Organometallics Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 25, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030621b
U.S. Department of Energy. “Fact #841: October 6, 2014 Vehicles per Thousand People: U.S. vs. Other World Regions.” https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-841-october-6-2014-vehicles-thousand-people-us-vs-other-world-regions

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The Lowry War Aug 22, 2022

The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking.

Research:

Leland, Elizabeth. “Coming Home to the Land of the Lumbee.” Our State. 9/6/2017. https://www.ourstate.com/lumbee-american-indians/
Currie, Jefferson. “Henry Berry Lowry.” Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lowry-henry
“Proclamation of Outlawry for Henry Berry Lowry and his band of robbers.” https://www.ncpedia.org/printpdf/13809
North Carolina Museum of History. “Community Class Series: Henry Berry Lowrie, Lumbee Legend.” With Nancy Strickland Fields, Museum of the Southeast American Indian; Dr. Lawrence T. Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke; and Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, Emory University. Via YouTube. Sep 23, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUALvny7DZ4
Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity and the Making of a Nation.” University of North Carolina Press. 2010.
Oakley, Christopher Arris. “The Legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.” The Mississippi Quarterly , Vol. 60, No. 1, Special issue on American Indian Literatures and Cultures in the South (Winter 2006-07). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26467042
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. “History and Culture.” 2017. https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-and-culture.
Lowery, Malinda Maynor. “The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle.” University of North Carolina Press. 2018.
Kays, Holly. “Cherokee chief testifies against Lumbee recognition.” Smoky Mountain News. 1/7/2020. https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/28263-cherokee-chief-testifies-against-lumbee-recognition#
Townsend, George Alfred. “The Swamp outlaws, or, The North Carolina bandits : being a complete history of the modern Rob Roys and Robin Hoods.” New-York : Robert M. DeWitt. 1872.
“TESTIMONY OF PRINCIPAL CHIEF RICHARD SNEED EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS.” https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110282/witnesses/HHRG-116-II24-Wstate-SneedR-20191204.pdf
Harper’s Weekly. “The North Carolina Bandits.” March 30, 1872.
McElroy, Jenny. “The Lowry War.” NCPedia. 3/1/2008. https://www.ncpedia.org/history/cw-1900/lowry-war

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SYMHC Classics: Alice Hamilton and Occupational Medicine Aug 20, 2022

This 2019 episode covers a trailblazer in science and medicine. Hamilton dedicated her life to improving the workplace standards for laborers in an effort to reduce illnesses that came from working with toxic chemicals.

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Behind the Scenes Minis: Butterflies and Photos Aug 19, 2022

Holly and Tracy discuss the ways they encountered butterflies in their childhoods and how people can help conservation efforts at home. They also talk through some of the stories of Weegee's life that didn't make it into the episode.

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Weegee the Famous Aug 17, 2022

Weegee is often cited as having been an influence on artists like Diane Arbus and Andy Warhol. He also influenced the world in how New York was viewed, because of his stark, black and white photos of the city.

Research:

Smith, Roberta. “He Made Blood and Guts Familiar and Fabulous.” New York Times. Jan. 19, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/arts/design/weegee-at-international-center-of-photography-review.html
Cotter, Holland. “'Unknown Weegee,' on Photographer Who Made the Night Noir.” New York Times. June 9, 2006.
“Weegee.” Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/weegee
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Weegee". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Weegee
Vermare, Pauline. “New York City, by Weegee the Famous.” Magnum Photos. Feb. 10, 2020. https://www.magnumphotos.com/arts-culture/society-arts-culture/new-york-city-by-weegee-the-famous/
Mallon, Thomas. “Weegee the Famous, the Voyeur and Exhibitionist.” The New Yorker. May 21, 2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/28/weegee-the-famous-the-voyeur-and-exhibitionist
Weegee. “Weegee: The Autobiography (Annotated).” The Devault-Graves Agency. 2016.
Bonanos, Christopher. “Flash: The Making of Weegee the Famous.” Henry Holt and Company. 2018.
Weegee. “Naked City.” Da Capo Press. 2002.
Kilston, Lyra. “Weegee's Naked Hollywood.” Time. Nov. 28, 2011. https://time.com/3783214/weegees-naked-hollywood-at-moca/

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The Developing History of Monarch Butterflies Aug 15, 2022

Monarch butterflies are still in the middle of their story – and it’s one that is precarious. Humans are still trying to figure out a lot about them, and aspects of the monarch story have been misrepresented over the years.

Research:

Monarch Joint Venture: https://monarchjointventure.org/
“Monarch Butterfly.” The National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Monarch-Butterfly
Sutherland, Douglas W.S. and Jean Adams, ed. “The Monarch Butterfly – Our National Insect.” Part of “Insect Potpourri: Adventures in Entomology.” CRC Press. 1992.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Danaus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Danaus-Greek-mythology
Kathleen S. Murphy. “Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, and the British Slave Trade.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 70, no. 4, 2013, pp. 637–70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.70.4.0637
Müller-Wille, Staffan. "Carolus Linnaeus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus
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