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    Education

    Street Cop Podcast

    The Street Cop Podcast is the #1 podcast for law enforcement officers looking to take their career to the next level. We have powerful conversations with special guests who are experts in their field and industry leaders. We will keep you motivated and teach you how to do real police work.

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    Copyright: © Street Cop Training

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    Latest Episodes:
    Ask for Consent to Search Oct 24, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis implores officers to get comfortable with asking for consent to search and offers some tips on how to do so. Recorded on 06/11/2018.


    Strip Search and Body Cavity Search II Oct 24, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis goes over some guidelines regarding strip and body cavity searches. Recorded on 06/10/2018. I. Definitions A. Strip Search 1. Removal or rearrangement of clothing to permit visual inspection of a person's a. undergarments b. buttocks c. anus d. genitals e. breasts 2. The following does not constitute a strip search: a. removal or rearranging of clothing reasonably required to render medical treatment or assistance, or b. removal of articles of outer clothing, such as coats, ties, belts, or shoelaces. B. Body Cavity Search 1. Visual inspection or manual search of a person's a. anal cavity b. vaginal cavity II. Search Requirements A. Detention or arrest without custodial confinement 1. Strip Search a. NO exigent circumstances: (1) Search warrant or consent, and (2) Authorized by officer in charge of the station house. b. Exigent circumstances: Strip Search and Body Cavity Search Requirements and Procedures (7/95) (1) Probable cause to believe that the person is concealing a weapon, contraband, or evidence of crime, and (2) Exigent circumstances prevent obtaining a search warrant or approval of officer in charge. 2. Body cavity search is not appropriate without custodial confinement B. Custodial Confinement 1. Strip Search a. Officer in charge authorizes confinement in municipal detention facility or transfer to adult correctional facility, and b. Officer in charge authorizes search, and c. One of the following: (1) Search warrant, or (2) Consent, or (3) Reasonable suspicion to believe that the person is concealing a weapon, contraband or Controlled Dangerous Substances. 2. Body Cavity Search a. Officer in charge authorizes confinement in municipal detention facility or transfer to adult correctional facility, and b. Officer in charge authorizes search, and c. One of the following: (1) Search warrant, or (2) Consent III. Procedures A. Strip Search 1. Conducted by person of same sex, and 2. Conducted in private, and 3. Conducted under sanitary conditions, and Strip Search and Body Cavity Search Requirements and Procedures (7/95) 4. Conducted in a professional and dignified manner, and 5. In custodial confinement, conducted in accordance with Department of Corrections regulations B. Body Cavity Search 1. Conducted by licensed physician or registered nurse of same sex, and 2. Conducted in private, and 3. Conducted in a medically acceptable manner and environment, and 4. Conducted under sanitary conditions, and 5. Conducted in accordance with Department of Corrections regulations. IV. Reporting Requirements A. Officer who performs strip search or has body cavity search conducted must report the reason for this search on the record of arrest. The report must include: 1. A statement of facts indicating the reasonable suspicion or probable cause for the search. 2. A copy of the search warrant, if appropriate. 3. A copy of the consent form, if appropriate. 4. The name of the officer in charge who authorized the search. 5. The names of the persons conducting the search. 6. An inventory of any items found during the search. B. If exigent circumstances were the basis for the search, the officer who conducted the strip search must file a separate written report stating the reasons for the immediate search. V. Requirements and Procedures for Officer in Charge of Station House A. The arrested person should be processed in accordance with R. 3:4-1, a summary of this court rule is attached, and, if applicable, with standard operating procedure adopted by the county prosecutor. Strip Search and Body Cavity Search Requirements and Procedures (7/95) B. Where appropriate, a person arrested in accordance with R. 3:4-1 shall be released or have bail set without unnecessary delay but in no event later than 12 hours after arrest. C. Unless authorized by search warrant or consent, a strip search should not be conducted if the arrested person will be


    Be Effective Oct 23, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis implores officers to be effective at their jobs instead of wasting time. Recorded on 06/09/2018.


    Automobile Exception Oct 23, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis discusses the automobile exception and the case laws surrounding it. Recorded on 06/04/2018. Collins v. Virgina (US Supreme Court ruling on the automobile exception and curtilage) and for NJ Police Officers discussing consent with PC and why. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-1027_7lio.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0I12P5gfGalQH8FABbE_L9Uuit0w5-8BrlB-G8GXRq1ITf4RZXihSnNjo (https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-1027_7lio.pdf) https://www.leagle.com/decision/1994469275njsuper1941449.xml?fbclid=IwAR3OyWsuOWVONxtX0H2OjcqL01tz29UfhpysrLEIGgyEFMwynPec5OEMbJ4 (https://www.leagle.com/decision/1994469275njsuper1941449.xml) After the three occupants were removed from the vehicle and searched, Trooper Acevedo returned his focus to the vehicle. A small plastic bag containing greenish-brown vegetation was found in plain view on the console. Two partially smoked marijuana cigarettes were also in plain view on the console. Trooper Acevedo then opened a gym bag found on the back seat and seized a large plastic bag which contained two smaller bags of suspected marijuana. Defendant admitted the gym bag belonged to him. Shortly thereafter, defendant signed a consent to search the trunk of the vehicle. A tan gym bag found in the trunk contained six plastic bags of suspected marijuana. A scale was found in the gym bag as well. Neither of the occupants admitted ownership of the tan gym bag or its contents. Defendant was under the continuous observation and supervision of Trooper Fortunato during the entire search of the passengers and the motor vehicle.


    Not Needing ALPRs Oct 23, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis shares a story with a good point on not needing ALPRs and Random Plate Inquiries. Recorded on 05/07/2018.


    Being a Survivor VIII feat. Michael Panos Oct 22, 2021
    Show notes

    In this thrilling and reflective new episode, Dennis interviews Michael Panos and talks to him about what it means to be a survivor in the line of duty. Recorded on 10/18/2021.


    Prolonged Motor Vehicle Stop Oct 22, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis explains how a certain case did not disallow officers from making prolonged motor vehicle stops when there is PC or awaiting K-9 Units. Recorded on 05/23/2018. Rodriguez v US 2015 does not disallow Police Officers prolonging motor vehicle stops while awaiting the arrival of backup or a K9 Unit. It only required officers to have a Reasonable Suspicion of Criminal Activity before doing so. Remember the timelines change when a traffic stop turns into a criminal investigation. Citing Rodriguez - Criminal detentions generally require probable cause that the suspect is engaged in criminal activity, but an officer may conduct a traffic stop if the officer has a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the driver is engaging in criminal activity.[5] The Supreme Court of the United States has held that investigative detentions, including traffic stops, "must be temporary and last no longer than is necessary to effectuate the purpose of the stop."[6] Consequently, traffic stops may become unreasonable if they are unnecessarily prolonged.[7] When an officer conducts a traffic stop based on reasonable suspicion that the driver has committed a traffic violation, the Fourth Amendment permits the officer to conduct a number of investigative inquiries before resolving the traffic stop.[8] For example, officers may question the vehicle’s occupants about matters unrelated to the traffic violation, and officers may walk a drug detection dog around the outside of the vehicle during the stop.[9] Officers may briefly prolong traffic stops to conduct these inquiries so long as the officer performs his tasks in an amount of time "reasonably needed to effectuate" the law enforcement purpose of the stop.[10]


    Miranda on Your Motor Vehicle Stops V Oct 22, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis clarifies Miranda situations as a follow-up to the previous episode. Recorded on 05/20/2018. State v Hickmann - A traffic stop is presumptively temporary and brief and thus questioning incident to an ordinary traffic stop is quite different from stationhouse interrogation. Miranda warnings may be needed, however, if the totality of the circumstances surrounding the stop "impose a restraint on freedom of movement of the degree associated with a formal arrest." The question posed in this case by the officer was “You look really nervous, do you have something on you that you should surrender right now? Any contraband, weapons, anything like that?’ Defendant admitted to it and handed over a bag of cocaine from his shoe. When the police lawfully conduct a motor vehicle stop they may question the occupants, even on a subject unrelated to the purpose of the stop, without violating the Fourth Amendment, so long as such questioning does not extend the duration of the stop. Roadside questioning of a motorist is not transformed into “custodial interrogation” that must be preceded by Miranda warnings simply because a police officer's questioning is accusatory in nature or designed to elicit incriminating evidence. According to the court the brief questioning of the defendant after the lawful motor vehicle stop of the car in which he was the passenger was perfectly valid. In Berkemer, the Court held that a police officer was not required to give Miranda warnings to a suspected drunk driver before asking him whether “he had been using intoxicants.” Similarly, in State v. Toro, 229 N.J.Super. 215, 551 A.2d 170 (App.Div.1988), we held that police officers who observed a package at the foot of a driver stopped for a motor vehicle offense, which they suspected was a container for drugs, could ask what was in the package without giving Miranda warnings. Although the police officers in Toro ordered the driver out of the car and frisked him for weapons before questioning him, we concluded that the questioning was not “custodial”:


    Miranda on Your Motor Vehicle Stops IV Oct 21, 2021
    Show notes

    In this archive episode, Dennis reviews and reminds us of the importance of Miranda, especially when suspects are under arrest in the eyes of the law. Recorded on 05/19/2018. State of NJ v. O'Neal 2007 - Based on the observations made by law enforcement officers, there was probable cause to search and arrest O Neal. The police officer s question to O Neal that elicited his response without prior Miranda warnings violated Miranda.https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/supreme-court/2007/a-94-05-doc.html?fbclid=IwAR1_4YMV1ziQZePYCCVIjQwf9EBvXlt9YBF1JMATu5YIMY4vELFQ4K8L4CQ (https://law.justia.com/.../supreme.../2007/a-94-05-doc.html) State of NJ v Judge (1994) In a motor vehicle setting the court ruled – “The smell of burnt marijuana gave rise to an inference that would lead a police officer of ordinary prudence and experience conscientiously to entertain a strong suspicion that additional contraband is present in the automobile. The suspected marijuana could reasonably have been located in the passenger compartment and or on the person of the occupants of the vehicle. This confirmed that Trooper Acevedo was correct in removing passengers and searching them when he detected the odor of burnt marijuana inside of the vehicle. Although no formal arrest of defendant was announced when he was directed to step out of the vehicle, he was in reality under arrest for violating N.J.S.A. 39:4-49.1 and N.J.S.A. 2C:35-10. Recently, our Supreme Court limited an arrest pursuant to N.J.S.A. 39:5-25 for traffic offenses. State v. Pierce, supra, 136 N.J. at 191-211, 642 A.2d 947. But Pierce permits an arrest for a violation of N.J.S.A. 39:4-49.1 because it directly implicates public safety. Id. at 205, 642 A.2d 947. Pierce also acknowledges that probable cause to believe a violation of N.J.S.A. 39:4-49.1 has occurred, means the vehicle stopped ordinarily contains evidence at risk of destruction. Id. at 210-11, 642 A.2d 947.https://www.leagle.com/decision/1994469275njsuper1941449?fbclid=IwAR0TER98pbKtF4mQK7zPKzL4HLvrhVbs1D_VuGymuLss7f5FMt5mfKgqpyo (https://www.leagle.com/decision/1994469275njsuper1941449)


    Rental Car II Oct 21, 2021
    Show notes

    In this episode, Dennis reviews case law regarding rentals cars and expectations of privacy. Recorded on 05/15/2018.


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