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Prepare to embark on an interstellar Q&A adventure in this enlightening episode of Space Nuts, where your cosmic guides, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, tackle the perplexing questions from the far reaches of our listeners' imaginations.
First, we join Ash from Brisbane as he ponders the enigmatic mechanics of spacecraft reentry. Using Apollo 13's nail-biting descent as a springboard, Fred demystifies the concept of 'bouncing off the atmosphere' and reveals the delicate balance between gravitational pull and atmospheric drag.
Next, Darryl from South Australia challenges us with the icy extremes of absolute zero. Why does this ultimate chill exist, and is there a corresponding 'absolute hot'? Fred delves into the physics of temperature and the motion of atoms, shedding light on the limits of the thermal universe and the possibility of an 'absolute heavy' or 'absolute light'.
Finally, Alex from London, by way of Indiana, brings us face-to-face with the enigma of dark energy. Is this mysterious force the antithesis of gravity itself? Our hosts explore the repulsive power that's pushing galaxies apart and the ongoing quest to unravel the secrets of the cosmos.
With each question, Andrew and Fred illuminate the wonders and oddities of the universe, blending humor with profound scientific insight. So, join the Space Nuts community, submit your own cosmic queries, and keep the spirit of discovery alive!
For more space-time odysseys and answers to your astronomical inquiries, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform. Until we venture again into the vast unknown, keep your gaze to the stars and your curiosity alight!
Episode Chapters
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts: Astronomy and Space Science
(02:10) Ash from Brisbane questions the 'bouncing off the atmosphere' during spacecraft reentry
(10:45) Darryl from South Australia inquires about absolute zero and the limits of temperature
(17:30) Alex from London asks if dark energy could be considered antigravity
(25:15) Closing remarks and how to submit your questions to Space Nuts
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Embark on a celestial detective story in this latest episode of Space Nuts, as your guides through the galaxy, Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson, unravel the curious case of Venus's quasi-moon. The tale begins with an asteroid that's not quite what it seems, orbiting Venus in a way that defies expectations. The mystery deepens with the asteroid's peculiar name, which comes with its own humorous backstory involving a podcast, a bedroom wall poster, and a case of mistaken identity.
Then, shift gears and join the hunt for the universe's elusive sulfur. Why does this common element appear to be hiding in plain sight? The answer lies in the heart of the Milky Way, where a groundbreaking study using the Very Large Telescope has finally solved a long-standing astronomical puzzle. Discover how improved data quality has brought the cosmic abundance of sulfur into clear view, and why planetary nebulae, the final breaths of sun-like stars, are key to this revelation.
With Fred on the mend from a pesky tick bite, the dynamic duo delves into the intricacies of celestial mechanics, the naming conventions of space objects, and the importance of sulfur in both the cosmos and our everyday lives. Don't miss this episode of Space Nuts, where the wonders of the universe are made accessible, the seemingly mundane becomes fascinating, and every question leads to a deeper appreciation of the cosmos.
To continue your journey through the stars and uncover more secrets of the universe, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Until we embark on our next stellar voyage, keep your eyes on the skies and your curiosity unbounded.
Episode Chapters
(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts: Astronomy and Space Science
(01:45) The story of Venus's quasi-moon and its mistaken identity
(07:10) Andrew and Fred discuss the hunt for missing sulfur in the universe
(15:23) Planetary nebulae and the solving of the sulfur anomaly
(22:45) The broad applications of sulfur, from volcanoes to industry
(24:30) Wrapping up and a reminder about Space Nuts Q&A
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Prepare to dive into the cosmic unknown with this captivating episode of Space Nuts, where your hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson tackle the enigmatic questions that baffle even the most seasoned space enthusiasts.
First up, Nate challenges us with a classic conundrum: If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? Fred sheds light on this perplexing query with a blend of cosmological insights and geometrical possibilities, leaving us to ponder the very fabric of reality and the potential of unseen dimensions.
Next, Lee from Sweden seeks to understand the inner workings of Mars through the eyes of the InSight mission. How can a single point of reference on the Red Planet reveal so much about its interior and the impact of distant meteorites? The answer lies in the ingenious science of seismic waves, which our hosts promise to explore further—homework for the curious minds!
Finally, Wayne, a longtime supporter, wonders about the gravitational waves generated by supernovae and whether LIGO can detect them. Fred navigates through the explosive symmetries of supernovae and the peculiarities of neutron star mountains, offering a glimpse into the cosmic ripples that traverse our universe.
Packed with humor, profound insights, and the occasional canine interruption, this episode of Space Nuts is not just a journey through space but a testament to the boundless curiosity that drives us all. So, sit back, subscribe, and let Andrew and Fred guide you through the stars. And don't forget, your questions are the fuel for our cosmic explorations—keep them coming!
For more interstellar adventures and the answers to your most intriguing space questions, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform. Until our next galactic gathering, keep reaching for the stars!
📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) This is Space Nuts. Coming up, we're talking about the expansion of space
(00:39) If space is expanding, what is it expanding into
(07:35) Lee Stevenson has sent us a question about Mars exploration
(08:21) Lee: How do you detect seismic signals on Mars from thousands of kilometres away
(12:36) What kind of gravitational wave is generated by a supernova
(19:17) Professor Fred Watson, astronomer at large, getting over his tick bite
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Prepare to thrust into a celestial debate that flips conventional wisdom on its head! In this thought-provoking episode of Space Nuts, join Andrew Dunkley and the ever-astute Professor Fred Watson as they unravel a cosmic chicken-or-egg scenario: Did supermassive black holes or galaxies come first? With the James Webb Space Telescope peering back in time, new findings suggest a revolutionary twist in our understanding of the early universe. Could black holes have been the catalysts for star formation, predating the galaxies they inhabit?
But the intrigue doesn't end at the edge of the cosmos. Closer to home, SpaceX's Starship is making waves, not just with its plans for Mars colonization, but also with its potential military applications. Discover how this behemoth of a rocket could redefine rapid global transport, delivering cargo—or perhaps one day troops—across the planet in a mere hour. With suborbital flights on the horizon, we're on the cusp of a new era in logistics and space travel.
As always, Andrew and Fred expertly guide us through these cosmic conundrums with insights that challenge our perceptions and expand our understanding of the universe. So, space enthusiasts, buckle up for another episode that promises to take you on a journey beyond the stars.
For the latest updates in space discovery and answers to the universe's most perplexing questions, subscribe to Space Nuts on your preferred podcast platform. Join us as we continue to explore the wonders of space and science. Until our next celestial sojourn, keep your gaze skyward and your curiosity boundless!
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📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) Andrew Dunkley hosts Space nuts, the astronomy and space science podcast
(01:16) Fred says he thought it was a tick bite, but it wasn't
(03:14) New research suggests black holes came first in the early universe
(13:30) Andrew Dunkley: I was going to ask how you feel about this theory
(14:35) Space company SpaceX is working on something that has the military intrigued
(22:52) Spaceplane system could be used to take passengers from London to Sydney
(24:49) Fred Watson: China is heading in same direction as the US in space
Join us for an intergalactic conundrum that will stretch your mind to the far reaches of the universe! In this enlightening episode of Space Nuts, your hosts Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson are navigating the cosmic highways and byways, tackling some of the most perplexing questions out there.
First stop: the mysterious Lagrange points. Listener Jim from Texas is puzzled about how gravity is balanced at these points, especially L2 and L3. Fred serves up a celestial explanation that involves not just gravity but centrifugal force, too. It's a cosmic balancing act that keeps our space missions on course and our minds in awe.
Next, we're zooming into the heart of galaxies where supermassive black holes reign supreme. Kerry's burning question leads us to differentiate the gravitational effects of these cosmic giants from the elusive dark matter. How do astronomers measure their impact separately, and could we have misjudged their mass? Fred illuminates the dark corners of this astronomical puzzle.
And for the grand finale, we're pondering the ultimate 'what if': communication with a superior alien race. If we could ask them just one question, what would it be? From the practical to the profound, Andrew and Fred muse over what could be humanity's most significant query.
Whether you're a cosmic rookie or a seasoned stargazer, this episode is guaranteed to provide a gravity-defying leap into the unknown. So, strap in and prepare for a journey that's as educational as it is entertaining. And remember, keep those questions coming – they just might be the next big topic on Space Nuts!
For all this and more, subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform, and join us on this stellar adventure. Until next time, keep your eyes to the skies and your hearts full of wonder.
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Prepare for a cosmic exploration that takes us from the realm of science fiction to the frontiers of science reality! In this thrilling episode of Space Nuts, join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they delve into the mysteries of our very own solar system Death Star. No, it's not about to obliterate a planet; it's Mimas, Saturn's moon, capturing the scientific spotlight with a revelation that's causing quite the stir. Discover why this celestial body, bearing a striking resemblance to the infamous Star Wars construct, is now making waves with a potential sub-surface ocean hiding beneath its cratered façade.
But that's not all that's brewing in the interstellar pot. We're also venturing to the red plains of Mars, confronting the possibility that bacteria might not just survive but thrive under the harsh Martian conditions. What does this mean for future human missions to the Red Planet? Could these microscopic stowaways pose a threat to astronauts, or might they hold the key to unlocking the secrets of life beyond Earth?
With a blend of intrigue and expertise, Andrew and Fred navigate through these cosmic questions, offering insights that will leave you pondering long after the episode ends. So buckle up, space enthusiasts, as we embark on another adventure that's sure to expand your universe.
For those hungry for more interstellar knowledge, be sure to subscribe to Space Nuts on your favorite podcast platform and join our growing community of astronomy aficionados. With new episodes filled with astronomical wonders and answers to your burning space queries, Space Nuts is your gateway to the cosmos. Until next time, keep gazing upward and let your curiosity lead the way!
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Show notes created by https://headliner.app
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📋 Episode Chapters
(00:00) This is space nuts. Coming up, we're looking at the Death Star
(03:05) It might be opportunist bacteria that follows the bite that could cause Alzheimer's
(04:39) Fred says moon Mimus actually librates around planet Earth
(12:16) Andrew Ker: Mimas and Enceladus are totally different moons
(18:56) NASA to try flutter test on its ingenuity helicopter on Mars
(19:52) Scientists have tested four human infectious bacteria to survive harsh Martian environments
(26:37) Fred Watson says bacteria could pose a risk to astronauts on Mars
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
Strap in, Space Cadets, for another interstellar journey with the Space Nuts podcast! This week, Andrew Dunkley and Fred Watson tackle the cosmic curiosities that baffle even the brightest minds. From the perplexing simplicity overlooked by space agencies to the dizzying dance of celestial bodies, we're delving deep into the enigmas of the cosmos.
First up, we're debunking space myths with a true tale of the infamous space pen versus the humble pencil. Discover how practicality trumps simplicity when it comes to jotting down notes in zero gravity, and why sometimes, the most obvious solution isn't the best one for the job.
Next, we're spinning into the question that's got everyone's head turning: Why does everything in the universe love to twirl? Lynn from Victoria wants to know why stars, planets, and galaxies can't resist a good rotation. Fred unravels the mysteries of angular momentum and explains how the cosmic ballet is all part of the gravitational grand design.
And if we could converse with extraterrestrials, what would we ask? We're pondering the ultimate intergalactic icebreakers and saving this cosmic conundrum for our next episode.
So, whether you're a seasoned space traveler or a curious newcomer, join us for a voyage through the wonders of the universe. And remember, your questions fuel our adventures, so keep them coming!
For more interstellar insights, subscribe to Space Nuts on YouTube, become a patron for exclusive content, and explore the universe with us at spacenuts.io. Until next time, keep your eyes on the skies and your mind open to the infinite possibilities of space. Catch you on the next episode of Space Nuts!
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support.
This eisode of Space Nuts is brought to you by Incogni. It's all about your online security and safety. To get the special deal Andrew talks about and endorses, just vist incogni.com/spacenuts
Prepare to embark on an astronomical chase like no other! In this riveting episode of Space Nuts, we delve into the ambitious plans to capture our solar system's elusive visitor, the exo-asteroid 'Oumuamua. Once thought to be an impossible feat, we explore the groundbreaking strategy that could see us rendezvousing with this interstellar interloper by 2057. The race is on to unlock the secrets it holds and to answer the burning question: is it a mere space rock or a piece of extraterrestrial technology?
But the intrigue doesn't stop there. We also turn our gaze to the cradles of cosmic birth, where planets emerge. Forget the traditional image of infant planets as perfect spheres; new research suggests these celestial newborns might be more M&M-shaped than we ever imagined. Join us as we dissect the latest theories on planet formation and ponder whether our very own Earth started life as an oblate spheroid.
With technical glitches providing an unexpected twist, Andrew and Fred navigate through these cosmic conundrums with their characteristic blend of expertise and humor. So, get ready to rethink your understanding of the cosmos, from chasing down interstellar objects to the peculiar shapes of nascent planets, all on this episode of Space Nuts.
Remember, the universe is vast and full of wonders waiting to be discovered. Don't miss a moment of the journey—tune in now to Space Nuts!
The resources mentioned in this episode are:
· Explore the detailed plan to chase 'Oumuamua at cosmosmagazine.com
· Dive into the latest theories on planet formation at phys.org (that's P-H-Y-S.org)
· Engage with the Space Nuts community and send in your cosmic queries or thoughts
Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction: Andrew Dunckley sets the stage for today's cosmic topics.
00:02:15 - The Chase for 'Oumuamua: Discussing the potential mission to intercept the mysterious exo-asteroid.
00:11:30 - Planet Formation Theories: A new twist on how planets might take shape, suggesting they start as oblate spheroids rather than spheres.
00:20:45 - Listener Engagement: Encouraging the audience to share their thoughts and questions for future episodes.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
Are you ready to uncover the mind-bending secrets of our universe? Join us as we reveal the unexpected truth about the formation of habitable planets and the potential for multiple habitable worlds within a single solar system. You won't believe how many habitable planets could exist in the perfect cosmic sweet spot. And as we delve deeper into this cosmic mystery, prepare to be amazed by the surprising possibility of habitable moons orbiting gas giants. The answer lies in the unexplored realms of our vast universe, waiting to be unraveled. Stay tuned for an eye-opening journey through the cosmos that will challenge everything you thought you knew about planetary systems and cosmological potential. Get ready to expand your understanding of the universe in ways you never imagined. In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the mysteries of fast blue transient explosions and their impact on our understanding of the universe. · Discover the fascinating Glass Z 12 high-redshift galaxy, offering insights into the early universe and cosmic evolution. · Grasp the uncertainties in astronomy research and how they drive innovation and breakthrough discoveries. · Uncover the complexity of the early universe and gain a deeper appreciation for its profound impact on cosmic evolution. The bottom line is Dave's right to question this, because we can't guarantee what the universe is going to do. We don't have any sort of control over that. All we can do is observe what it's doing now, and through the magic of the fact that we can look back in time, we get a good idea of what it's done in the past. - Fred Watson Glass Z 12 High-Redshift Galaxy Glass Z 12 is a high-redshift galaxy, noted for its advanced state of maturity shortly after the Big Bang. Its study, largely facilitated by the GrISM lens Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) using the James Webb Space Telescope, sheds light on the early universe's formation and evolution. Despite the advanced observational technology, the nature of such galaxies holds persisting enigmas, stimulating ongoing research and debates in the astronomical community. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit spacenutspodcast.com to send in your text or audio questions for the show. · Subscribe to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. · Stream on demand at bytes.com to listen to the latest episodes of Space Nuts. · Check out the Space Nuts YouTube channel and subscribe for more space-related content. · Explore the Space Nuts website for more information and to send voice messages to the hosts. Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Overview
Andrew Dunkley introduces the episode as an all-audience questions episode. He mentions the topics to be discussed, including fast blue transients, ghost galaxies, and the heaviest isotopes in planet formation.
00:02:23 - Fast Blue Transients and Galaxy Development
Derek asks about the cause of fast blue optical transient explosions, referencing the unusual shape of the explosion. Fred Watson discusses the mysterious nature of fast blue optical transients and the potential reasons behind their unique properties.
00:09:44 - Early Universe and Galaxy Evolution
Renny inquires about the development of mature galaxies like glass z 13 in the early aftermath of the Big Bang. Fred Watson explains the significance of glass z 12 as an early galaxy and addresses the possibility of wormholes and membrane theory in relation to galaxy evolution.
00:17:08 - Expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy
Dave from Calgary asks about the expansion of the universe and its acceleration. He questions whether the universe will ever slow down due to dark energy. Fred Watson discusses the concept of dark energy and explains why the universe's expansion is unlikely to slow down.
00:18:05 - Comparing Bullet Firing with Universe Expansion
Discusses the analogy between bullet firing and universe expansion, highlighting the differences due to space conditions. Emphasizes the uncertainty of the universe's future.
00:23:16 - Universe at Room Temperature
Explores the time when the universe was at room temperature, highlighting the challenges in observing this period due to cosmic microwave background radiation.
00:28:18 - Destruction of Black Holes
Examines the possibility of black hole destruction, explaining the slow evaporation process through Hawking radiation and the extreme conditions required for their destruction.
00:31:45 - Ghost Galaxies and Dark Matter
Considers the relationship between normal matter in ghost galaxies and the existence of dark matter, emphasizing the minor impact on our understanding of dark matter in the universe.
00:34:59 - Formation of Black Holes and Gravitons
Discusses the theoretical concept of gravitons and their inability to clump together to form black holes, highlighting the distinction between force carrier bosons and matter particles.
00:36:45 - Garrett's Question on Proto Earth Formation
Garrett asks about the differentiation phase of proto-Earth's formation and why heavier isotopes did not sink to the center. Fred discusses nuclear fission on Earth and how it impacts the planet's activity and warmth.
00:41:35 - Martin's Question on Habitability of Planets
Martin asks about the maximum number of habitable planets in a solar system and the possibility of habitable moons orbiting a gas giant. Fred discusses the potential for multiple habitable planets and moons within a star's habitable zone.
00:43:22 - Possibility of Multiple Habitable Planets
Andrew and Fred explore the physics behind the number of habitable planets in a solar system and the potential for multiple habitable objects sharing the same orbit. They also touch on the definition of habitability and life.
00:48:22 - Call for Questions and Social Media Engagement
Andrew encourages listeners to send in their questions for future episodes and highlights the importance of social media engagement. Fred expresses enthusiasm for diverse and unexpected questions.
00:49:34 - Conclusion and Farewell
Andrew thanks Fred and Hugh, the studio engineer, for their participation in the episode. He wraps up the show and invites listeners to tune in for the next episode of Space Nuts.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
Are you eager to uncover the secrets of space exploration and gain expert insights? Ready to grasp complex concepts and challenges in the realm of astronomy and astrophysics? I've got just the solution to enhance your understanding and satisfy your curiosity. Let's dive into the Space Nuts podcast and unravel the mysteries of the universe together! In this episode, you will be able to: · Explore the Dark Matter Halo of Our Galaxy: Unravel the mystery surrounding dark matter and its impact on our galaxy. · Uncover the Mysterious Presence of Methane on Mars: Discover the intriguing presence of methane on the Red Planet and its implications for potential life. · Delve into Speculative Ideas on Cooling the Earth: Gain insights into innovative concepts for mitigating the Earth's rising temperatures. · Discover the Challenges of Moving Planets: Understand the complexities and obstacles involved in the theoretical idea of planetary relocation. Life becomes routine, is what. Yes, that's what it is. Yeah, I get that. I quite like routine, actually, unlike my other half, who doesn't, which is why she's constantly conjuring up these tours that we do to take people around to places where we've never been. - Professor Fred Watson
Finally, the hosts examine speculative ideas from listeners relating to ambitious, large-scale engineering projects, such as the Solar Pergola and moving planets. Reminding us that while such concepts may dazzle the imagination, the practical feasibility and risks associated with these ideas are significant. The focus on prudence and consideration of potential unintended consequences underscores the responsibility that comes with technological advancements, especially when meddling with natural systems of the cosmos. It's The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit spacenutspodcast.com or spacenuts.io to submit your questions for the next all-question episode. · Check out the Space Nuts shop on the website for Space Nuts merchandise, including t-shirts. · Become a patron of Space Nuts to support the podcast and gain access to exclusive benefits. · Listen to the Space Nuts podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player. · Stream Space Nuts on demand at bitesz.com. Timestamped summary of this episode:
00:00:00 - Introduction and Ingenuity's End
Andrew Dunkley introduces the topics for this episode, including the end of the mission for the ingenuity helicopter on Mars after suffering damage from a landing mishap.
00:03:42 - Slim Moon Lander's Upside-Down Landing
The discussion moves to the slim moon lander's successful but tilted landing on the moon, leading to challenges with solar panel orientation. Despite the setback, some scientific experiments are being carried out.
00:13:13 - Arno Penzias' Legacy
The passing of physicist Arno Penzias is noted, highlighting his groundbreaking discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation, which confirmed the Big Bang theory and contributed to the decline of the steady state theory of the universe.
00:16:20 - Quirks of Dark Matter in the Milky Way
The conversation shifts to an exploration of the unique behavior of dark matter in the Milky Way, particularly in its extremities, suggesting that our galaxy's dark matter may exhibit distinct characteristics compared to other galaxies.
00:16:31 - Closing Remarks
Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson wrap up the episode, thanking listeners for tuning in and hinting at the intriguing nature of the dark matter discussion as a teaser for future episodes.
00:17:09 - Understanding the Galaxy's Geometry
Fred and Andrew discuss the challenges of mapping our galaxy's geometry, including the difficulty of establishing details about our own galaxy due to our position within it.
00:19:10 - The Mystery of Galaxy Rotation
The conversation explores the discovery of the unusual flat rotation curve of galaxies, leading to the theory of galaxies being embedded in a dark matter halo. This discovery challenges previous expectations about the distribution of dark matter.
00:23:38 - Mars: Methane Burps
They delve into the detection of methane on Mars and the potential causes, including the possibility of seasonal changes in Mars's atmosphere bringing the methane to the surface. This discovery raises questions about the origin of methane on Mars.
00:29:34 - Listener Question: Meteor Showers
Ray from California raises an interesting question about the composition and behavior of meteors during showers, pondering whether the process involves vaporization, oxidization, or both. Fred and Andrew discuss the potential explanations for the observed phenomena.
00:33:27 - Peer Review Process
The conversation touches on the lengthy process of peer reviewing research in astronomy, highlighting the time and effort required to ensure the accuracy and validity of published findings. Fred shares insights into the challenges and rewards of peer reviewing scientific work.
00:34:17 - Red Pens and Solar Pergolas
The hosts discuss using red pens and the idea of a solar pergola to cool the planet.
00:35:35 - Engineering Challenges
The hosts analyze the engineering challenges of building a solar pergola and its potential impact on the planet's temperature.
00:39:40 - Megastructure and Civilization
The hosts delve into the concept of building a megastructure and its potential impact on reclassifying civilization.
00:40:54 - Hyper Mega Engineering and Terraforming
The hosts discuss the feasibility of moving planets and terraforming, exploring the complexities and potential limitations of such endeavors.
00:45:48 - Listener Engagement and Patreon
The hosts encourage listener engagement, mention the Patreon supporters, and invite questions for the next episode.
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.
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