Secret Police

Latest Episodes:

German Secret Police pt. 1 Prussia & The Police Union Jul 13, 2025

Show notes

What happens when a loose collective of states and political entities see a revolution in France and then invasion by Napoleon? Hint: it probably has to do with secret police.

Following the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the Confederation of German State banned together by common language. The experience of being occupied by a foreign enemy and seeing their neighbors bleed from revolution inspired the German States' first collective police network.

Along with the police network also came the development of an extensive international spy ring. They aimed to protect Germany's many sovereigns and prevent petty and political crimes.

Socials:

IG: @secretpolicepodcast

X: hush_popo

Gmail: secretpolicepodcast@gmail.com

Special Thanks to:

Jan Bögel as Paul Hilken

Sources:

Police and State in Prussia 1815-1850 by Alf Lüdtke

The Gestapo: A History of Horror by Jacquese Delarue

The Gestapo: The Myth and Reality of Hitler’s Secret Police

International Policing in Nineteenth-Century Europe: The Police Union of German States, 1851-1866. (2025). Blogspot.com. https://deflem.blogspot.com/1996/09/international-policing-in-19th-century.html

Facts About Germany. Geography & Climate. https://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/en/germany-glance/geography-climate

Ten Facts About Agriculture. https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/environment/agriculture-in-germany-ten-facts#:~:text=Grain%20is%20grown%20on%20about,followed%20by%20barley%20and%20rye.

Global Beer Consumption by Country in 2023. Kirin Holdings. https://www.kirinholdings.com/en/newsroom/release/2024/1219_01.html#:~:text=The%20Czech%20Republic%20consumed%20152.1,31st%20consecutive%20year%20since%201993.

Sullivan, R. E. (1999, July 26). Charlemagne | Biography, Accomplishments, Children, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charlemagne

Wagner, G. A., Krbetschek, M., Degering, D., Bahain, J.-J., Shao, Q., Falguères, C., Voinchet, P., Dolo, J.-M., Garcia, T., & Rightmire, G. P. (2010). Radiometric dating of the type-site forHomo heidelbergensisat Mauer, Germany. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(46), 19726–19730. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012722107

The. (1998, July 20). Saint Leo III | Pope, Charlemagne Coronation. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Leo-III

Why Did Russia & Prussia Have Such Similar Names? Name Explain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdqE-u0JJz0&ab_channel=NameExplain

‌Smith and Locke on Property | Adam Smith Works. (2019). Adamsmithworks.org. https://www.adamsmithworks.org/documents/smith-and-locke-on-property

Carl Schurz. (2025). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/carl-schurz

1923 – how our history started. (2023). Interpol.int. https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/Our-history/How-our-history-started

‌Barkin, K. (1998, July 20). Otto von Bismarck | Biography, Significance, Accomplishments, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-von-Bismarck/Prime-minister

Proclamation of the German Empire, 1871. (2018, August 23). Palace of Versailles; Versailles. https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/key-dates/proclamation-german-empire-1871#:~:text=On%2016%20December%201870%20a,in%20the%20Hall%20of%20Mirrors.

The Siege of Paris. (2022, November 15). Warfare History Network. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-siege-of-paris/

Swift, J. (2024, February 20). Siege of Paris (1870−71) | Summary. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Siege-of-Paris-1870-1871

Barkin, K. (1998, July 20). Otto von Bismarck | Biography, Significance, Accomplishments, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-von-Bismarck/Prime-minister

Bauer, D. S. (2025). Georges Boulanger: The Third Republic’s Spy Master? Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, 39. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0039.018

History. (2022, April 12). Bayer.com. https://www.bayer.com/en/history/1881-1914

History of Deutsche Bank. (2020). Db.com. https://www.db.com/who-we-are/history/history-of-deutsche-bank?language_id=1

Bauer, D. S. (2025). Georges Boulanger: The Third Republic’s Spy Master? Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, 39. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0039.018

‌The. (1998, July 20). Frederick III | Hohenzollern Dynasty, Prussian Reforms, German Unification. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-III-king-of-Prussia-and-emperor-of-Germany

Kaiser Wilhelm’s Left Arm and the Fate of the World. (2025). Blogspot.com. https://roadstothegreatwar-ww1.blogspot.com/2025/01/kaiser-wilhelms-left-arm-and-fate-of.html

Why did Wilhelm II get rid of Bismarck? (Short Animated Documentary). History Matters. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BX0Q8ZCz6GY&ab_channel=HistoryMatters

Balfour, M. G. (1998, July 20). William II | German Emperor & Prussian King. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-II-emperor-of-Germany

Barkin, K., & Strauss, G. (2023, September 21). History of Germany | Flag, Maps, Facts, Unification, & Pictures. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Germany/Germany-from-1871-to-1918

The. (1998, July 20). Alfred von Schlieffen | Biography & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-von-Schlieffen

‌Limbach, R. (2009, March 24). Schlieffen Plan | German WWI Strategy & Impact. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Schlieffen-Plan‌

The Schlieffen Plan - And Why It Failed I THE GREAT WAR Special feat. AlternateHistoryHub. The Great War. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHeMPV5VDR4&ab_channel=TheGreatWar

Showalter, D. E., & Royde-Smith, J. G. (2000, January 12). World War I | Causes, Years, Combatants, Casualties, Maps, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I/Forces-and-resources-of-the-combatant-nations-in-1914

Domestic Sabotage: The Explosion at Black Tom Island (U.S. National Park Service). (2017). Nps.gov. https://www.nps.gov/articles/black-tom-wwi.htm

(2025). Warhistoryonline.com. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/plot-destroy-black-tom-island-wwi-visit-u-boat-deutschland.html

Reading the Enemy’s Mind: Espionage in World War I | Historical Documentary | Lucasfilm. Lucasfilm. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWKP1vPSGbU&t=7s&ab_channel=Lucasfilm

Music:

Scorching Action by Jonathan Margrove

Blood Kiss by Hainbach - Topics

Cinematic Ambient Orchestral Drama Trailer by Media Music Group

Dramatic Investigation by Jon Presstone

Bones - Quirky and mysterious plucked strings. Murder mystery and gothic mood by Gerardo

Final Speech by Humans Win

On the Edge of War Jon Presstone

Gnossienne No. 3 by Erik Satie

Sound FX:

Storyblocks

The Sovereignty Commission & The State of Mississippi Apr 06, 2025

Show notes

In the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, Mississippi's state government felt that segregation was threated by Federal encroachment. Segregation was the legal practice of separating blacks and whites in public life in the Deep South of the United States. From 1956 to 1973, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission enforced segregation from the shadows. The Commission spied on Mississippi residents, American citizens, and promoted segregation across America. The Ku Klux Klan helped. Socials: IG: @secretpolicepodcast X: hush_popo Substack: @secretpolicepodcast Gmail: secretpolicepodcast@gmail.com Sources: Sov Com Database: https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/ Mississippi State Secrets. History Channel. May 2, 2006. Uploaded to YouTube by bayridge53, January 3, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz0JFELRwko&list=PLyw95kShWfm_rHz4ZaCyC7PtRRstx6Dx8&t=846s&ab_channel=bayridge53 Origin of Names of US States. US Department of the Interior. Indian Affairs. https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/opa/online-press-release/origin-names-us-states Bureau of Transportation Statistics. US Department of Transportation. Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total Tons. https://www.bts.gov/content/tonnage-top-50-us-water-ports-ranked-total-tons The Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ms-htf/mississippiatchafalaya-river-basin-marb Mississippi. Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mississippi-state Soil Resources Areas of Mississippi. Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station. Department of Agronomy. D. E. Pettry. May 1977. Treaty of Tordesillas. Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Tordesillas Jun 7, 1494 CE: Treaty of Tordesillas. National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/treaty-tordesillas/ Privateers in the American Revolution. National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/privateers-in-the-american-revolution.htm#:~:text=A%20Privateer%20Commission%20was%20issued,or%20lightly%20armed%2C%20commercial%20ship Unboxing Mississippi: What It's Like Living in Mississippi. Nick Johnson. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVKOaT1blLM&list=PLyw95kShWfm_rHz4ZaCyC7PtRRstx6Dx8&index=11&ab_channel=NickJohnson A Brief History of English Privateers. The Collector. Cale Gressman. May 9, 2023. https://www.thecollector.com/english-privateers/ Chartered Company. Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.britannica.com/money/chartered-company Virginia Company. Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Virginia-Company The Popham Colony of 1607. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry. https://www.maine.gov/dacf/parks/discover_history_explore_nature/history/popham_colony/index.shtml Price, D. A. (1998, July 20). Pocahontas | Biography, Cultural Legacy, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pocahontas-Powhatan-princess Price, D. A. (1998, July 20). Jamestown Colony | History, Foundation, Settlement, Map, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamestown-Colony/The-Starving-Time-and-near-abandonment-1609-11#ref247839 John Rolfe - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service). (2022). Nps.gov. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/john-rolfe.htm Teach Democracy. (2024). Teachdemocracy.org. https://teachdemocracy.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world#:~:text=The%20Spanish%20conquistadors%2C%20who%20went,conquistadors%20attacked%20and%20slaughtered%20them Brief Biography of William Penn. (2025). Ushistory.org. https://www.ushistory.org/penn/bio.htm#:~:text=King%20Charles%20II%20of%20England,honor%20of%20the%20elder%20Penn The People Involved in the French and Indian War. (2025). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/people-involved-french-and-indian-war#:~:text=The%20Algonquin%2Dspeaking%20people%20largely,with%20the%20Algonquins%20and%20French Yazoo Land Fraud - New Georgia Encyclopedia. (2017, June 8). George R. Lamplugh. New Georgia Encyclopedia. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/yazoo-land-fraud/ Progress of the Nation -- 1790 to 1890 by Robert P. Porter, Henry Gannett, and William C. Hunt. For 1890 Census Estimates. Cawthon, W. (2017). Was the South Poor Before the War? – Abbeville Institute. Abbevilleinstitute.org. https://www.abbevilleinstitute.org/was-the-south-poor-before-the-war/#_ednref20 Tonge, P. (1983, March 22). Natchez: in 1850 half of the millionaires in the US lived here. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0322/032230.html Cotton in a Global Economy: Mississippi (1800-1860) - 2006-10. (2025). Ms.gov. https://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/issue/cotton-in-a-global-economy-mississippi-1800-1860 Social and Economic History, 1817–1890. (2017, October 16). Mississippi Encyclopedia. Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/overviews/social-and-economic-history-1817-1890/ Industry and Economy during the Civil War (U.S. National Park Service). (2017). Nps.gov. https://www.nps.gov/articles/industry-and-economy-during-the-civil-war.htm#:~:text=The%20North%20produced%2017%20times,100%20produced%20in%20the%20South. Dunbar-Ortiz, R. (2018, January 18). United States Policing and “Gun Rights” Began With Slave Patrols. Truthout. https://truthout.org/articles/united-states-policing-and-gun-rights-began-with-slave-patrol/#:~:text=By%201704%2C%20the%20South%20Carolina,militia%20rolls%20in%20every%20locale Slave Patrols. (2017, July 11). Mississippi Encyclopedia. Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/slave-patrols/ Trigger Events of the Civil War. (2025). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/trigger-events-civil-war Springston, R. (2019, May 23). Fighting myths, misconceptions and misunderstandings about race, slavery and the Civil War • Virginia Mercury. Virginia Mercury. https://virginiamercury.com/2019/05/23/fighting-myths-misconceptions-and-misunderstandings-about-race-slavery-and-the-civil-war/ Williams, D. (2020, September 27). Banned Books Week: Maine Authors - First Amendment Museum. First Amendment Museum. https://firstamendmentmuseum.org/banned/ John Brown. (2025). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/john-brown First Sack of Lawrence. Matthew E. Stanley. Civil War on the Western Border. (2024). Civilwaronthewesternborder.org. https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/encyclopedia/first-sack-lawrence Capital-Star Guest Contributor. (2020, March 2). Here’s 15 things you didn’t know about the “Dred Scott” decision | Opinion • Pennsylvania Capital-Star. Pennsylvania Capital-Star. https://penncapital-star.com/civil-rights-social-justice/heres-15-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-dred-scott-decision-opinion/#:~:text=2 Dred Scott v. Sandford. (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved March 27, 2025, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/60us393 The Election of 1860. (2025). Tulane.edu. https://www2.tulane.edu/~sumter/Background/BackgroundElection.html War Declared: States Secede from the Union! - Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (U.S. National Park Service). (2023). Nps.gov. https://www.nps.gov/kemo/learn/historyculture/wardeclared.htm Gienapp, W. E. (2025). Abraham Lincoln and the Border States. Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, 13(1). http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.2629860.0013.104 Civil War Trail Map Guides & Mobile App. (2025). VisitMaryland.org. https://www.visitmaryland.org/article/civil-war-history Mississippi Soldiers in the Civil War - 2009-04. (2025). Ms.gov. https://mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/issue/mississippi-soldiers-in-the-civil-war The South During the Civil War | Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877 | U.S. History Primary Source Timeline | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress. (2015). The Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/civil-war-and-reconstruction-1861-1877/south-during-the-civil-war/ Cornerstone Contributions: Investing in the Confederacy: The Role of Bonds in Funding the Confederacy. (2023, May 25). DHR. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/blog-posts/cornerstone-contributions-investing-in-the-confederacy-the-role-of-bonds-in-funding-the-confederacy/#:~:text=The%20Confederate%20government%20turned%20to,(Weidenmier%201993%3A2) Post, E. G. (2021, July 29). The Economic Challenges of the Confederacy - Emerging Civil War. Emerging Civil War. https://emergingcivilwar.com/2021/07/29/the-economic-challenges-of-the-confederacy/ Reconstruction. (2017, July 11). Mississippi Encyclopedia. Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/reconstruction/ Black Codes. (2025). American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/black-codes Mississippi Black Code, 1865 | The American Yawp Reader. (2016). Americanyawp.com. https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/reconstruction/mississippi-black-code-1865/#:~:text=South%20Carolina%20and%20Mississippi%20passed,also%20denied%20other%20fundamental%20rights U.S. Constitution - Fourteenth Amendment | Resources | Constitution Annotated | Congress.gov | Library of Congress. (2025). Congress.gov. https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-14/ U.S. Constitution - Fifteenth Amendment | Resources | Constitution Annotated | Congress.gov | Library of Congress. (2025). Congress.gov. https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-15/ Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era - New Georgia Encyclopedia. (2020, August 12). New Georgia Encyclopedia. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ku-klux-klan-in-the-reconstruction-era/ Fedell, V. A. (2022, December 16). VICKSBURG FACTS: The bloody steps to the Vicksburg Massacre - The Vicksburg Post. The Vicksburg Post. https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2022/12/16/vicksburg-facts-the-bloody-steps-to-the-vicksburg-massacre/ The End of Reconstruction - Vicksburg National Military Park (U.S. National Park Service). (2024). Nps.gov. https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/the-end-of-reconstruction.htm#:~:text=White%20Democrats%20took%20control%20of,1877%20that%20made%20Rutherford%20B Emmett Till | Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016). Federal Bureau of Investigation. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/emmett-till Graball Landing | Emmett Till. (2024). Emmett Till. https://www.emmett-till.org/graball-landing Mississippi Burning | Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2019). Federal Bureau of Investigation. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/mississippi-burning Man convicted of 3 killing civil rights workers dies in jail. (2018, January 13). AP News. https://apnews.com/article/3d82e778b5d643088268c3214ae904f8 Media, C. (2011, September 9). The Case of the Supposedly Sealed Files—And What They Revealed - Nieman Reports. Nieman Reports. https://niemanreports.org/the-case-of-the-supposedly-sealed-files-and-what-they-revealed/#:~:text=But%20then%20there%20was%20the,to%20see%20them%20until%202027 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education. (2023, April 25). Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252031.htm Taft, I. (2024, November 7). Jackson Mayor Chokwe Antar Lumumba Is Indicted on Federal Corruption Charges. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/07/us/jackson-mayor-indicted-federal-corruption.html Dred Scott v. Sandford. (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved March 27, 2025, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/60us393 Yazoo Land Fraud - New Georgia Encyclopedia. (2017, June 8). New Georgia Encyclopedia. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/yazoo-land-fraud/ Pottawatomie Massacre | Civil War on the Western Border. (2024). Civilwaronthewesternborder.org. https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/encyclopedia/pottawatomie-massacre Trouble Brews in Mississippi. British Pathe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80Fo4AWaXis&ab_channel=BritishPath%C3%A9 Music: Scorching Action by Jonathan Margrove Blood Kiss by Hainbach - Topics Cinematic Ambient Orchestral Drama Trailer by Media Music Group Dramatic Investigation by Jon Presstone Bones - Quirky and mysterious plucked strings. Murder mystery and gothic mood by Gerardo Final Speech by Humans Win Discovery of Lost Worlds by Humans Win On the Edge of War Jon Presstone Mississippi Ridin’ Son by Yagull Music Suspenseful Piano Documentary Music Trailer by Media Music Group Sound FX: Storyblocks Special thanks to KFW Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@kyfirearms

Full show notes at the publisher

Chile's DINA & Augusto Pinochet Feb 27, 2025

Show notes

It's said that there were three sources of power in Chile: God, Pinochet, and DINA. The DINA was Chile's secret police from 1973 to 1977 in the early years of the Pinochet dictatorship. They were often compared to the Gestapo or the KGB by American intelligence.

La Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) was the regime’s iron fist that kidnapped, brutalized, butchered, and disappeared thousands of people inside Chile. Under the guidance of director Manuel Contreras, the DINA also launched terror campaigns in the United States, Europe, and Chile’s neighbors. DINA answered to Pinochet only and in many ways superseded the armed forces.

Socials:

IG: @secretpolicepodcast

X: hush_popo

Gmail: secretpolicepodcast@gmail.com

Sources:

The Pinochet Files: a declassified dossier on atrocity and accountability. Peter Kornbluh. 2013.

The Condor Years: how Pinochet and his allies brought terrorism to three continents. John Dinges. 2004.

Geography Now! Chile. Geography Now! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8P4Hi99hUJc&list=PLyw95kShWfm8YA_28vi9Z__aac61xES84&index=7&ab_channel=GeographyNow

Why is the Atacama Desert called the “Driest Desert in the World”? Tierra Atacama. January 29, 2021. https://tierraatacama.com/journal/why-is-the-atacama-desert-called-the-driest-desert-in-the-world/

The world’s ten largest copper mines. Mining Technology. June 18, 2024. https://www.mining-technology.com/marketdata/ten-largest-coppers-mines/?cf-view

Which countries produce the most copper? World Economic Forum. December 12, 2022. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/12/which-countries-produce-the-most-copper/

World Factbook. Chile. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Updated January 15, 2025. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/#people-and-society

Biotec-LATAM. Chile. https://biotec-latam.com/en/countries/chile

Chile - Country Commercial Guide. International Trade Administration. Updated December 7, 2023. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/chile-agricultural-sector

Pisco Sour. Liquor.com. November 13, 2020. https://www.liquor.com/recipes/pisco-sour/

The San Antonio, Both the Gem and the Rogue of Magellan’s Fleet. John Sailors. Medium. June 19, 2022. https://johnsailors.medium.com/the-san-antonio-both-the-gem-and-the-rogue-of-magellans-fleet-79d8f19f01d4#:~:text=The%20San%20Antonio%20was%20the,a%20price%20of%20330%2C000%20maravedis.

A Super Quick History of Chile. Mr History. November 4, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9na4XyC3-4&ab_channel=MrHistory

Ferdinand Magellan - First Circumnavigation of the Earth. Simple History. February 9, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylwiOLab5AA&ab_channel=SimpleHistory

The Germans in Chile: Immigration and Colonization, 1849-1914. By Young, George F. W.. New York, 1974. Center for Migration Studies. Maps. Tables. Figures. Appendices. Bibliography. Index. Pp. xi, 234. Paper.

Chile - History, Geography, Economy and Culture. Geodiode. January 31, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGfBc4N86mA&list=PLyw95kShWfm8YA_28vi9Z__aac61xES84&index=6&ab_channel=Geodiode

General Augusto Pinochet - General & Dictator of Chile Documentary. The People Profiles. August 5, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhOjb_MYueo&list=PLyw95kShWfm8YA_28vi9Z__aac61xES84&index=3&ab_channel=ThePeopleProfiles

Real Dictators. Pinochet Part 1: An Arrest in London. Noiser. August 27, 2024.

History of Chile. Encyclopedia Britannica. Paul W. Drake & John J. Johnson. https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Chile

Brief Life History of Augusto José Ramón. FamilySearch. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LZR7-7NL/augusto-jos%C3%A9-ram%C3%B3n-pinochet-ugarte-1915-2006

What is nitrate?. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). https://www.epa.gov/mn/what-nitrate#:~:text=Nitrate%20(NO3)%20is%20a%20compound,fertilizers%20for%20crops%20and%20lawns.

Brief Political History of Chile. Crónica Panamericana. December 4, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsWDarMiVCw&ab_channel=Cr%C3%B3nicaPanamericana

History of our constitutions. Hagamos Historia. Educatión Civica Constitucional. Ministry Secretary General of the Government. https://www.gob.cl/hagamoshistoria/en/timeline/

Chile Under Pinochet: Recovering the Truth by Mark Ensalaco. November 15, 1999.

The Van Buren Hospital in the history of Chile by Carlos Astudillo. 2014. https://hekint.org/2017/02/22/the-van-buren-hospital-in-the-history-of-chile/

María Verónica Pinochet renuncia a herencia de su madre Lucía Hiriart by Cristián Meza. June 9, 2023. https://www.eldinamo.cl/pais/2023/06/09/maria-veronica-pinochet-renuncia-a-herencia-de-su-madre-lucia-hiriart/

Intelligence Memorandum/ Chile: Allende’s Economic Record. Central Intelligence Agency Office of Economic Research. April 1972. Sanitized Copy released on September 23, 2011.

Friedman, Jeremy, John Masko, and Jingyu Liu. "Copper Nationalization in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 722-016, March 2022.

Salvador Allende. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Salvador-Allende

The Case of Chile. Rodrigo Caputo and Diego Saravia. January 2019. Macro Finance Research Program. Becker Friedman Institute. University of Chicago.

Salvador Allende. Last Words to the Nation. https://www.marxists.org/archive/allende/1973/september/11.htm

Biglaiser, Glen. (2002). The Internationalization of Chicago's Economics in Latin America. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 50. 269-86. 10.1086/322875.

Milton Friedman. The Library of Economics and Liberty. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Friedman.html

Point Four Program. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Point-Four-Program

Pinochet's German godfather by Wilfried Huismann. March 9, 2023. Tagesschau. https://www.tagesschau.de/investigativ/wdr/chile-pinochet-diktatur-nazis-rauff-100.html

The Assassination of Chilean Ambassador Orlando Letelier: The FBI Files | Retold.

Retold - Documentaries & Reconstructions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnwAGLpuRiY&ab_channel=Retold-Documentaries%26Reconstructions

Orlando Letelier. Frederick Shepherd. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/money/Orlando-Letelier

In Memoriam, Ronni Moffitt. JewishCurrents. September 21, 2012. https://jewishcurrents.org/september-21-in-memoriam-ronni-moffitt

Augusto Pinochet. John Simkin. Spartacus Educational. September 1997 (updated January 2020). https://spartacus-educational.com/COLDpinochet.htm

It became an obsession’: the long search for the remains of Pinochet’s victims.John Bartlett in Calama Mon. September 11, 2023. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/11/long-search-remains-pinochet-victims-chile-coup

Chile’s 1988 Plebiscite and the End of Pinochet’s Dictatorship. The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. https://adst.org/2014/11/chiles-1988-plebiscite-and-the-end-of-pinochets-dictatorship/

Insurers’ response to riots in Chile reflects a broader trend. Juan Pablo Covarrubias V. October 26, 2021. https://global.lockton.com/gb/en/news-insights/insurers-response-to-riots-in-chile-reflects-a-broader-trend

Chile: Pinochet Money-Laundering Exposed: U.S. Senate Investigation Uncovers Secret Bank Accounts. Human Rights Watch. March 16, 2005. https://www.hrw.org/news/2005/03/16/chile-pinochet-money-laundering-exposed

The Complicated Legacy of the “Chicago Boys” in Chile. Daniel Matamala. September 21, 2021. Promarket. https://www.promarket.org/2021/09/12/chicago-boys-chile-friedman-neoliberalism/

GOLDSMITH WEIL, Jael. Milk Makes State: The Extension and Implementation of Chile's State Milk Programs, 1901-1971. Historia (Santiago) [online]. 2017, vol.50, n.1 [citado 2025-02-14], pp.79-104.

Lucía Hiriart, Powerful Wife of Chile’sDictator, Dies at 98. John Bartlett. December 19, 2021. New York Times.

Music:

Scorching Action by Jonathan Margrove

Blood Kiss by Hainbach - Topics

Kalahari Wind by Humans Win

Cinematic Ambient Orchestral Drama Trailer by MEDIA MUSIC GROUP

Dramatic Investigation by Jon Presstone

Andante Sostenuto piano solo classical by Raighes Factory

Tension in the Dark by Jon Presstone

Gnosienne by Eric Satie performed by Neil Cross and Raighes Factory

Bones - Quirky and mysterious plucked strings. Murder mystery and gothic mood by Gerardo Garcia Jr

Shake It and Break It (Weary Blues) by Humans Win

Old Money Old Problems by MEDIA MUSIC GROUP

Sound FX:

Storyblocks

WexFlex Music

SoundEffectsFactory

Project Soundbox

Bengi Sounds

Sound Effect Database

WEBQ (Who Else But Quagmire)Historical Aviation Film Unit

Pepe truelo

Played N Faved - Sound Effects & Stock Footage

Coffee Spill

Foley Sounds Effects

Attractive Sounds

Disclaimers: scenes are dramatizations and probably didn’t actually happen in that way. For example, Pinochet was not at La Moneda during the coup. The opening scene is not a real scenario involving Carter Cornick.

Congo's Force Publique & King Leopold II Jan 13, 2025

Show notes

If greed were a person he would be Belgian monarch, King Leopold II. In this episode, we will explore the incredibly dark history of the Congo region in Central Africa. Congo has a history of exploitation by European colonizers and extractive industries. The worst of these predators was King Leopold II whose need to secure a colony for Belgium drove the him to deceive the international community for decades.

His deception was a cover for his quest to create wealth for his own fortune and for Belgium at the cost of an estimated many millions of lives. Leopold’s personal property, the Congo Free State, utilized the barbaric services of The Force Publique, a secret police force that terrorized the Congolese people.

Socials:

IG @secretpolicepodcast

X hush_popo

Gmail secretpolicepodcast@gmail.com

Sources:

Geography Now. Geography Now! CONGO (Democratic republic). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD3ZFQ62Vxc&ab_channel=GeographyNow

The Kongo Kingdom. Infographics Africa. The Rise and Fall of the Kingdom of Kongo: Tales of Three Kings. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z73ievjudi8&ab_channel=InfographicsAfrica

The Kingdom of Kongo. Step Back. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8DmKlw1jcA&ab_channel=StepBack

Congo River Basin. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Congo-Basin

Congo: The Epic History of a People by David Van Reybrouck. (2015).

The Kongo kingdom: Long-standing diplomatic and trade connections with Europe. The Africa Museum. https://www.africamuseum.be/en/discover/history_articles/kongo-kingdom

Revising the Population History of the Kingdom of Kongo by John K. Thornton. The Journal of African History (July 2021).

The Miserable Story of The Congo. Hoser. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4INpgF4YPhA&ab_channel=hoser

Berlin Conference of 1884–1885. Encyclopedia of Africa. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Kwame Anthony Appiah. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001/acref-9780195337709-e-0467

Why is Belgium a country? - History of Belgium in 11 Minutes. Knowledgia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxEySPSUcXs&t=42s&ab_channel=Knowledgia

Encyclopedia Britannica. Leopold I. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leopold-I-king-of-Belgium

The History Behind the ‘Victoria’ in Victoria’s Secret. Time Magazine. Merrill Fabry. https://time.com/4140242/victorias-secret-fashion-show-history/

A Habsburg Tragedy – Crown Prince Rudolf by Judith Hare. (1978).

Association Internationale Africaine. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Association-Internationale-Africaine

Henry Morton Stanley. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley

A Brief History of The Scramble For Africa. A. J. Merrick. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzF88HBlAHY&t=358s&ab_channel=A.J.Merrick

What Each Nation Wanted From the Scramble for Africa. Vologda Mapping. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygUZ7K-0nVY&t=70s&ab_channel=VologdaMapping

How did Italy Lose to Ethiopia? (1895) | Animated History. The Armchair Historian. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Hln0GjuUQk&ab_channel=TheArmchairHistorian

The Berlin Conference (1884 - 1885). Logic Owl. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO3-SNpCbSo&t=76s&ab_channel=LogicOwl

Perspectives in History podcast. Congo Free State. Willem Conner

King Leopold's ghost : a story of greed, terror, and heroism in colonial Africa by Adam Hochschild. 2002.

The 10 richest royal families in Europe, ranked by Hillary Hoffower. Business Insider. October 21, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.com/royal-family-net-worth-europe-ranked-2018-5#4-queen-elizabeth-ii-england-7

A coffee for the crown: The cost and worth of the Belgian Monarchy. Rita Alves. July 21, 2024. The Brussels Times. https://www.brusselstimes.com/1143977/a-coffee-for-the-crown-the-cost-and-worth-of-the-belgian-monarchy

Bureau of Labor Statistics Inflation Calculator. https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm

Weinstein, Barbara. The Amazon Rubber Boom, 1850-1920. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983.

Dean, Warren. Brazil and the Struggle for Rubber: A Study in Environmental History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

The International Natural Rubber Market, 1870-1930. Zephyr Frank, Stanford University and Aldo Musacchio, Ibmec São Paulo. Overview of the Rubber Market, 1870-1930. https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-international-natural-rubber-market-1870-1930/

Armies of East Africa. Peter Abbott. 2009

Shaw, Bryant P. Force Publique, Force Unique: The Military in the Belgian Congo, 1914 - 1939.

Constitution de la Belgique, decretre par le Congre National, le 7 Fevrier 1831.

1831 Belgian Constitution. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Belgium_1831

Geographic Support Project. Republic of the Congo Tribal Summaries. Central Intelligence Agency. October 1964.

The Atrocities of The Congo Free State. Disturbing History. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psjI29dUqhs&ab_channel=DisturbanHistory

AmericaBestHistory. BRUSSELS, BELGIUM 1897 Exposition Internationale de Bruxelles. https://americasbesthistory.com/wfbrussels1897.html

Historical currency converter (test version 1.0). https://www.historicalstatistics.org/Currencyconverter.html

The human zoo of Tervuren (1897). Royal Museum for Central Africa. https://www.africamuseum.be/en/discover/history_articles/the_human_zoo_of_tervuren_1897#:~:text=At%20the%20instigation%20of%20King,like%20animals%20in%20a%20zoo.

The Rulers of Belgian Africa, 1884–1914 by Lewis H. Gann & Peter Duignan (1979).

Commonwealth War Graves. The final hour: The end of the First World War in Africa. 21 November 23, 2023. https://www.cwgc.org/our-work/blog/the-final-hour-the-end-of-the-first-world-war-in-africa/#:~:text=The%20East%20African%20Campaign%20ww1&text=Compared%20with%20the%20confined%20trench,many%20different%20climates%20and%20terrains

Violence and Colonial Order: Police, Workers and Protest in the European Colonial Empires, 1918–1940 by Martin Thomas. 2012.

UNHCR CDR Background Paper on Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Rwanda by the Centre for Documentation and Research. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). December 1, 1998.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Industrial mining of cobalt and copper for rechargeable batteries is leading to grievous human rights abuses. Amnesty International. September 12, 2023.

Department of Energy's Office of History and Heritage Resources. Major sources consulted include the following: Richard G. Hewlett and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr., The New World, 1939-1946: Volume I, A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (Washington: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1972), 17, 23, 26, 65, 285-88, 291-92; Vincent C. Jones, Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb, United States Army in World War II (Washington: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1988), 62-65, 79-80, 286-287, 292-311; Robert Bothwell, Eldorado: Canada's National Uranium Company (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984), 3-8, 38-77, 119-44.

Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. New Jersey Department of Health. May 1998. Revised June 2005.

ASKING BELGIANS HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT KING LEOPOLD II. Eric Osa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fstVjSdw9oc&list=PLyw95kShWfm_ydGobR4a6uDkyd7BIur1o&index=11&ab_channel=EricOsa

Digital 2024: The Democratic Republic of the Congo by Simon Kemp. February 23, 2024. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-democratic-republic-of-the-congo#:~:text=The%20DRC's%20internet%20penetration%20rate,January%202023%20and%20January%202024.

Congo (DRC) Country Profile – Military / Security by by COL L. Bortoluzzi Garcia. Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute. Army War College. September 13, 2020.

History and renovation. Africa Museum. https://www.africamuseum.be/en/about_us/history_renovation

(1890) George Washington Williams’s Open Letter to King Leopold on the Congo. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/primary-documents-global-african-history/george-washington-williams-open-letter-king-leopold-congo-1890/

Belgium/Democratic Republic of the Congo Trade. The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC). 2022. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/bel/partner/cod

Belgium and DR Congo: working together for the future. Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation. July 4, 2022. https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/policy/policy-areas/highlighted/belgium-and-dr-congo-working-together-future

How did Patrice Lumumba die? Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-patrice-lumumba-die

Music:

Scorching Action by Jonathan Margrove

Blood Kiss by Hainbach - Topics

Kalahari Wind by Humans Win

Cinematic Ambient Orchestral Drama Trailer by MEDIA MUSIC GROUP

Dramatic Investigation by Jon Presstone

Andante Sostenuto piano solo classical by Raighes Factory

Tension in the Dark by Jon Presstone

Gnosienne by Eric Satie performed by Neil Cross and Raighes Factory

Bones - Quirky and mysterious plucked strings. Murder mystery and gothic mood by Gerardo Garcia Jr

Shake It and Break It (Weary Blues) by Humans Win

Love of God Cello by SBA

Disclaimers: NO AI was used to write or edit the contents of the show.
The opening scene is an excerpt from George Washington Williams' Open Letter to King Leopold II
January 15, 2024 changed the opening scene.

Iran's SAVAK & Mohammad Reza Shah Oct 31, 2024

Show notes

In 1921, Reza Khan rose to power with the help of the British government. He led a modernization of Persia, insisting the international community refer to his country as Iran. His son, Mohammad Reza Shah, inherited the throne in 1941.

The Shah expanded his authority using a violent secret police force called SAVAK. They terrorized the Iranian people and preyed on Iranians abroad. They helped enforced the Shah's rule, even as his White Revolution displaced rural communities and alienated Shia clergy. Decades-long economic exploitation and authoritarian repression ignited a series of phases leading to the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Substack: Secret Police Podcast

YouTube: Secret Police Podcast

Instagram: @secretpolicepodcast

X/Twitter: @hush_popo

Sources:

1979 Iranian Revolution, Explained | Last Persian Shah. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXlHxrBJoik&ab_channel=Timeline-WorldHistoryDocumentaries

Geography Now! Iran. Geography Now. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xQM4Zy5zIk&ab_channel=GeographyNow

Top pistachio producing countries

https://nazari-pistachio.com/articles/top-pistachio-producers/#:~:text=The%20US%2C%20Iran%2C%20and%20Turkey,respectively%20in%20the%20market%20share.

Top Saffron Producer Countries. https://agromedbotanic.com/saffron-producer-countries/

A Super Quick History of Iran. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sTf1FIxnJs&ab_channel=MrHistory

The Background of Human Rights. https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/course/lesson/background-of-human-rights/the-background-of-human-rights.html

Zoroastrianism Explained. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl9QgeHdKYk&ab_channel=Cogito

Shia-Sunni split:

Shia and Sunni: Understanding different Muslim interpretations

https://the.ismaili/global/news/features/shia-and-sunni-understanding-different-muslim-interpretations

Muslim Schism: How Islam Split into the Sunni and Shia Branches. Kings & Generals. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-85dXjgMiSU&ab_channel=KingsandGenerals

Muslim Populations

https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/

THE FUTURE OF WORLD RELIGIONS: POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS, 2010-2050 Appendix C: Defining the Religious Groups (DM me if you want the PDF).

Fath-Ali Shah’s descendants. Joseph M. Upton, The History of Modern Iran: An Interpretation. Contributors: – Author. Publisher: Harvard University Press. Place of publication: Cambridge, 1960, p.4

The history of the oil and gas industry from 347 AD to today. Umar Ali. https://www.offshore-technology.com/comment/history-oil-gas/?cf-view

Evolution of a Drilling Rig. https://energyhq.com/2017/02/evolution-of-a-drilling-rig/

Australian Dictionary of Biography. William Knox D'Arcy (1849–1917) by David Carment. https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/darcy-william-knox-5882

Great British Pound inflation calculator. Bank of England. https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation/inflation-calculator

1941 Invasion of Iran - Regime Change WWII-Style. Mark Felton Productions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-McQMJvaZbk

The Persian Coup 1921 And The British Thirst For Oil. The Great War. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RX3V9wgOTOA&t=82s

The French Mandate. https://www.britannica.com/place/Syria/The-French-mandate

The Shah by Abbas Milani. January 2011.

History of Iran. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Iran Chamber Society. https://www.iranchamber.com/history/mohammad_rezashah/mohammad_rezashah.php

Anderson, Jack; Les Whitten (11 July 1975). "CIA: Shah of Iran a dangerous ally". St. Petersburg Times. Washington. Retrieved 16 July 2013.

Operation Ajax: CIA Oil Coup in Iran - COLD WAR. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbEKMMtfujc&ab_channel=TheColdWar

Oil Profit distribution. All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror by Stephen Kinzer. 2003.

Operation Ajax | TAKEN HOSTAGE | AMERICAN EXPERIENCE | PBS. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xceDBZeolIM&ab_channel=AmericanExperience%7CPBS

Manticore Mythology. Paleothea by Alilia Athena. https://paleothea.com/mythical-creatures/manticore-mythology/

Tortured Confessions by Ervand Abrahamian. 1999.

The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East by Robert Fisk. 2005.

Shah of Shahs by Ryszard Kapuściński. 1982.

Censorship. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/censorship-sansur-in-persia

White Revolution. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/White-Revolution

The Unthinkable Revolution by Charles Kurzman. 2004.

The Mystery Letter That Triggered The Iranian Revolution. Radio Farda. https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-taheri-on-iranian-revolution-mystery-letter-shah/29754850.html

A message to the friends of the Iranian people across the Middle East. Reza Pahlavi. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z64L7DUi9jo&ab_channel=RezaPahlavi

2500-year celebration of the Persian Empire. Persepolis, Iran. October 1971. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VSaqhXuV7Q&ab_channel=CultureTube

The New American Bible. Saint Joseph Edition. The Book of Ezra Chapter 1 verses 1-4. July 1970.

Islamic Revolution International Center. http://iricenter.org/

Note: The Recap section was written with the assistance of ChatGPT-4.

Music:

Scorching Action by Jonathan Margrove

Blood Kiss by Hainbach - Topics

Kalahari Wind by Humans Win

Cinematic Ambient Orchestral Drama Trailer by MEDIA MUSIC GROUP

Dramatic Investigation by Jon Presstone

Eye Of The Storm (Feat. Cicely Parnas) - Instrumental Version

Gnosienne by Eric Satie performed by Neil Cross and Raighes Factory

Edit: March 12, 2026 - The thumbnail image for this episode was replaced with another image with two changed in order to amend one historical inaccuracy and to add context. The previous image had the Islamic Republic's flag for a background. The current image has the Persian flag of the regime of which the Shah ruled. The second change is a USA countryball with a thumbs up was placed behind the SAVAK logo to better illustrate American involvement. If you'd like to see the old image, feel free to email me. Thank you!

Japan's Kempeitai & Unit 731 Jun 24, 2024

Show notes

We’ve heard about a lot of evil on Secret Police, but the actions of the Kempeitai and the wider Imperial Japanese Army are particularly poignant for their brutality and the extent to which violence prevails if you believe your enemy is inhuman.

Who were the Kempeitai?

How did the Kempeitai develop out of Japan’s long military history?

What were the Kempeitai’s connections to both German and Russian secret police?

What was the level of the Kempeitai’s involvement in various atrocities in China?
Thank you all for supporting this show!

Sources:

Kempeitai: Japan's Dreaded Military Police by Raymond Lamont-Brown (1998).

What Are The Major Natural Resources Of Japan? By Sophy Owour. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-major-natural-resources-of-japan.html

The Dawn Empire | Animated History of Japan. Suibhne. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Zwi3XXLci8&list=PLyw95kShWfm_JqDRyLAxEAob74zWH-BI2&index=4&ab_channel=Suibhne

Origin of the Samurai | History of Japan 5. Linfamy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6xgz4p2d60&ab_channel=Linfamy

How Europeans Tried to End Japanese Isolation - Colonialism DOCUMENTARY. Kings and Generals. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFJRc6jYOaI&ab_channel=KingsandGenerals

Feature History - First Sino-Japanese War. Feature History. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdWY8aWxNL4&t=615s&ab_channel=FeatureHistory

Japanese Invasion of Manchuria | 3 Minute History. Jabzy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_sdkbYWiww&ab_channel=Jabzy

WW2 - Second Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1941. Eastory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTkRBg2Dwz0&ab_channel=Eastory

THE NANJING MASSACRE - DOCUMENTARY OF THE RAPE OF NANKING. History of China. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CAYFxXBohA&t=2s&ab_channel=HistoryofChina

The Most Disturbing Human Experiment Ever. Wendigoon. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRwCNiWuUpQ&ab_channel=Wendigoon

Meiji and Taishō Japan: An Introductory Essay. University of Colorado Boulder. https://www.colorado.edu/ptea-curriculum/becoming-modern/meiji-and-taisho-japan-introductory-essay#:~:text=By%20the%201920s%2C%20things%20had,member%20of%20the%20international%20community.

H-057-2: I-400 and Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night: Japanese Plan for Biological Warfare – September 1945. Naval History and Heritage Command. https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-057/h-057-2.html

Daniel Barenblat, A plague upon humanity, 2004.

Sheldon Harris, Factories of Death, 2002.

Japan’s Infamous Unit 731 by Hal Gol. 2004.

The Unspeakable Things That Happened In Unit 731. A Day in History. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BpKixUKbU8&ab_channel=ADayInHistory

General Ishii Shiro: His Legacy is That of Genius and Madman General Ishii Shiro: His Legacy is That of Genius and Madman Gregory Dean Byrd East Tennessee State University. May 2005.

The Path to Pearl Harbor.The National WWII Museum of New Orleans.

Unit 731 by Avani Sihra. Atomic Heritage Foundation.

Remembering Pearl Harbor, A Pearl Harbor Fact Sheet. US Census. https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/pearl-harbor-fact-sheet-1.pdf

Japanese announcement of the attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941. THE GILDER LEHRMAN INSTITUTE OF AMERICAN HISTORY. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/japanese-announcement-attack-pearl-harbor-1941#:~:text=In%20January%201941%2C%20Admiral%20Isoroku,tensions%20with%20the%20United%20States.

Encyclopedia Britanica:

Iva Toguri D'Aquino. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Iva-Toguri-DAquino

Hideki Tojo. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tojo-Hideki

Counting the dead at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org/2020/08/counting-the-dead-at-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/

Tojo The Last Banzai by Courtney Browne. 1998.

About the B-25 History Project. https://b-25history.org/history/carrier.htm#:~:text=Most%20everyone%20knows%20that%20on,of%20the%20CV%2D8%20U.S.%20S.

Hideki Tojo -The Face of Japanese Militarism in WWII. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecRuPE-PzVE&ab_channel=Biographics

Second Sino-Japanese War