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Latest Episodes:

Leading Through AI: What's Next for State Government Aug 27, 2026

Artificial intelligence has become a practical tool for improving operations and serving citizens more effectively. In this episode of Real | State, Lindsey Gray sits down with Doug Robinson, Executive Director of NASCIO, to explore how states are moving beyond AI experimentation and into enterprise adoption. They discuss the governance, workforce, privacy, and cybersecurity foundations needed for responsible AI, emerging use cases from fraud detection to citizen services, and why agentic AI could become the next major transformation for state government.
In this episode:
What is the biggest opportunity for AI in state government?
According to NASCIO Executive Director Doug Robinson, AI's greatest long-term opportunity is improving citizen services while increasing operational efficiency. States are already using AI for document generation, chatbots, cybersecurity, fraud detection, and case management, with future applications expected to transform how residents interact with government.
How are states using artificial intelligence today?
Most states have moved beyond pilot programs and now have AI tools in production. Common uses include Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini, ChatGPT, and other commercial AI solutions that improve employee productivity, automate document preparation, enhance customer service, strengthen cybersecurity, and support fraud prevention.
What are the biggest challenges states face when adopting AI?
Successful AI adoption depends on strong governance, high-quality data, workforce training, and public trust. State leaders are balancing innovation with responsible risk management while developing policies around privacy, ethics, transparency, and security.
What is agentic AI and why does it matter for government?
Agentic AI represents the next generation of artificial intelligence, capable of completing complex tasks by navigating business rules and workflows with greater autonomy. State CIOs believe it will become one of the most impactful technologies over the next several years, particularly for improving citizen services and streamlining government operations.
How can states adopt AI responsibly?
Doug Robinson emphasizes that responsible AI starts with governance. States should establish clear policies, involve privacy and cybersecurity leaders, train employees on ethical AI use, protect sensitive citizen data, and continuously evaluate AI systems as the technology evolves.
Learn more at CSG South.

Building Credibility into Public Service Aug 13, 2026

What makes public institutions credible in an era of AI, social media, and declining public trust? Recorded live at the CSG South Senior Legislative Conference (SLC) in Lexington, Kentucky, host Lindsey Gray sits down with Missouri Senate Administrator Patrick Baker and Assistant Director of Senate Research Josh Norberg to explore why credibility remains the foundation of effective public service. They discuss how legislative staff earn trust, while examining the growing challenges posed by information overload, artificial intelligence, and rapidly evolving public expectations.
In this episode:
How can legislative staff build trust with lawmakers?
Legislative staff build trust by being reliable, prepared, organized, nonpartisan, and committed to delivering accurate information. Following through on promises and maintaining neutrality regardless of political leadership strengthens long-term credibility.
What role does nonpartisanship play in state legislatures?
Professional legislative staff serve the institution rather than a political party. Maintaining neutrality ensures lawmakers from all perspectives receive trusted research, policy analysis, and procedural guidance, helping preserve confidence in the legislative process.
How does AI affect credibility in government?
AI can improve efficiency and provide valuable starting points for research, but it cannot replace human judgment. Legislative leaders emphasize the importance of verifying AI-generated information, relying on primary sources, and using experienced professionals to evaluate facts before policy decisions are made.
Learn more at CSG South.

The Future of Medicaid: Challenges, Costs & Care Jul 30, 2026

Medicaid is at the center of some of the biggest policy debates facing states today—from rising healthcare costs and workforce shortages to rural hospital sustainability and evolving federal requirements. Recorded live at the Southern Legislative Conference in Lexington, Kentucky, Kentucky Senate President Robert Stivers moderates a timely discussion with Senator Jim Burgin (North Carolina), Senator Kay Kirkpatrick (Georgia), Representative Ashley Hudson (Arkansas), and Jeb Duke, Senior Vice President of Medicaid Markets at Humana. Together, they explore the future of Medicaid, including federal policy changes, workforce shortages, AI and telehealth, rural healthcare access, and strategies for building a more sustainable healthcare system across the South.
Learn more at CSG South.

Rural Louisiana: Sustaining Communities for the Next Generation, with Rep. C. Travis Johnson Jul 16, 2026

How can rural communities preserve their identity while preparing for the future? In this episode of Real | State, host Lindsey Gray sits down with Louisiana Representative C. Travis Johnson to explore how strategic investments in workforce development, transportation, agriculture, tourism, and technology can strengthen rural communities without sacrificing the history and culture that make them unique.
In this episode:
What are the biggest challenges facing rural communities in the South?
Rural communities across the South face challenges including workforce shortages, infrastructure needs, economic diversification, and retaining young people. Success depends on creating long-term opportunities while preserving the local culture, history, and identity that define these communities.
How can rural communities attract economic development without losing their identity?
Representative C. Travis Johnson explains that communities should be intentional about economic development by investing in tourism, historic preservation, local businesses, and infrastructure while protecting the traditions and culture that make rural communities unique.
Why is workforce development critical for rural America?
Workforce development prepares residents for high-demand careers in transportation, logistics, skilled trades, artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and cybersecurity. Investing in education and technical training gives young people opportunities to build successful careers without leaving their hometowns according to Rep. Johnson.
How can technology strengthen rural communities?
Emerging technologies—including artificial intelligence, renewable energy, smart agriculture, cybersecurity, and advanced manufacturing—are creating new opportunities for rural communities. By embracing innovation while preserving local heritage, rural regions can remain competitive and create sustainable careers for future generations, said Rep. Johnson.
Learn more at CSG South.

From Policy to Results: Governing Tennessee Effectively, with Sen. Bo Watson Jul 02, 2026

How do states know whether public policy is actually working? Tennessee Senator Bo Watson joins Real | State to discuss the importance of measuring outcomes—not just passing legislation. From education reform and government transparency to higher education governance and long-term accountability, Senator Watson shares how Tennessee evaluates success, adapts policies over time, and builds public trust through data-driven decision-making.
In this episode:
What is outcome-based policymaking?
Outcome-based policymaking focuses on whether legislation achieves measurable results rather than simply whether a law is passed. Policymakers evaluate long-term performance using data, accountability measures, and program outcomes, according to Sen. Watson.
Why is government transparency important in education?
Transparency allows taxpayers, researchers, and policymakers to better understand how education dollars are spent, compare results across school systems, and make more informed decisions about future investments.
What education reforms has Tennessee implemented?
Tennessee has pursued major reforms including literacy initiatives, school choice, charter schools, career readiness pathways, and improved financial transparency to strengthen student outcomes and increase accountability.
Why do state governments play such an important role in public policy?
State governments are responsible for balancing budgets, delivering essential public services, and implementing policies that directly affect residents' daily lives, making them the primary drivers of domestic governance, according to Sen. Watson.
What challenges will states face over the next decade?
According to Sen. Watson, states will increasingly face financial pressures as federal responsibilities shift to the states, requiring careful budgeting, policy prioritization, and innovative approaches to serving citizens.
Learn more at CSG South.

Inside Kentucky’s Economic Development Evolution, with Speaker Pro Tem David Meade Jun 18, 2026

Kentucky Speaker Pro Tem David Meade joins host Lindsey Gray to discuss the state's economic development strategy, from site readiness and infrastructure investments to workforce development, housing affordability, energy needs, and emerging opportunities in aerospace and advanced manufacturing. Meade also shares insights from his role as Chair of CSG South, offering a regional perspective on the policies shaping the future of economic competitiveness across the South.
In this episode:
What are Kentucky's biggest economic development priorities today?
According to Speaker Pro Tem David Meade, Kentucky's economic development strategy focuses on strengthening infrastructure, preparing a skilled workforce, maintaining a competitive tax environment, and ensuring sites are ready for major business investments. He emphasized that economic growth depends on being prepared before companies begin searching for expansion opportunities.
Which industries are driving Kentucky's economic growth?
Meade identified aerospace and aviation as Kentucky's fastest-growing industries, alongside continued growth in automotive manufacturing. He also stressed the importance of supporting small businesses, which employ a significant portion of Kentucky's workforce and are critical to local economies.
Why is site readiness important for economic development?
Meade explained that companies often spend years planning expansions, but when they are ready to move, they need locations that are immediately available. Kentucky has invested heavily in infrastructure, utilities, and industrial sites so the state can respond quickly when opportunities arise.
What role does energy play in Kentucky's economic future?
Meade said energy availability is one of the most important factors companies consider when choosing a location. As industries such as data centers and advanced manufacturing expand, Kentucky is working with utilities and energy providers to ensure sufficient capacity and reliable infrastructure for future growth.
Learn more at CSG South.

Balancing Budgets & Better Human Services Outcomes, with OK Rep. Daniel Pae Jun 05, 2026

How do states balance fiscal responsibility with the growing demand for human services, behavioral health support, and child welfare programs? Host Lindsey Gray sits down with Oklahoma Representative Daniel Pae, Chair of the House Appropriations and Budget Human Services Subcommittee and Vice Chair of the House Children, Youth and Family Services Committee. Rep. Pae shares how Oklahoma is navigating complex budget decisions while investing in programs that support children, families, mental health, healthcare access, and vulnerable populations.
In this episode:
How does Oklahoma balance state budgets while funding human services programs?
Oklahoma lawmakers evaluate funding priorities through a combination of fiscal discipline, outcome measurement, and investments in programs that improve quality of life, including child welfare, behavioral health, healthcare access, and family support services.
In this episode:
What are Oklahoma's biggest human services funding challenges?
Key challenges include maintaining adequate funding for child welfare programs, behavioral health services, healthcare access, and state employee compensation while adapting to changing federal funding requirements.
What is Dylan's Law in Oklahoma?
Dylan's Law is a comprehensive epilepsy awareness and education initiative designed to improve understanding of epilepsy and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), increase data collection, and support individuals and families affected by the condition.
How is Oklahoma addressing behavioral health and mental health access?
Oklahoma is investing in behavioral health infrastructure, workforce development, training programs, and expanded access to care, particularly in rural communities where mental health resources are often limited.
How could federal Medicaid and SNAP changes affect states?
Changes to federal funding formulas and program requirements could increase financial pressure on states, requiring legislatures to evaluate budgets, improve program administration, and identify new ways to maintainservices for residents.
Learn more at CSG South.

Alabama’s Strategic Approach to Military & Veterans, with Casey Rogers of the Alabama State Military Department May 21, 2026

Host Lindsey Gray speaks with Casey Rogers of the Alabama State Military Department about the state’s growing focus on supporting veterans, military families, and National Guard readiness. Drawing from her experience in Governor Kay Ivey’s administration and her current role, Rogers discusses how Alabama is preparing for the future of military service while strengthening support systems for service members and veterans across every stage of their careers.
In this episode:
What is Alabama doing to support veterans and military families?
Alabama is expanding support for veterans and military families through strategic investments in healthcare access, education benefits, military family services, and workforce partnerships. The state has also created stronger coordination between its military and veterans’ agencies and helped launch initiatives like the Veterans Resource Center to connect veterans with benefits and support services.
How does the Alabama National Guard serve both the state and federal government?
The Alabama National Guard responds to state emergencies such as tornadoes and natural disasters under the authority of the governor, while also supporting federal military missions under the president’s authority. Guard members can be deployed overseas, assist at the southern border, or provide emergency relief inside Alabama at a moment’s notice.
What are the biggest challenges facing military recruitment and readiness?
According to Casey Rogers, the biggest challenges include maintaining recruitment and retention, supporting military families, and ensuring service members have access to healthcare, dental care, mental health resources, and educational opportunities. Readiness today also requires preparing for rapidly evolving technology and future warfare, not just current military needs.
Learn more at CSG South.

An Inside Look at Tennessee’s Patient First Act, with Rep. Dan Howell May 07, 2026

Real | State host Lindsey Gray sits down with Tennessee Representative Dan Howell to unpack the proposed Patient First Act, a sweeping piece of legislation aimed at reshaping how health insurance impacts patients, providers, and access to care. The conversation explores key provisions of the bill, including limits on insurance claim denials, protections against “downcoding,” oversight of artificial intelligence in claims processing, and efforts to increase transparency and accountability across the healthcare system.
In this episode:
What is the Patient First Act?
The Patient First Act is proposed legislation in Tennessee designed to reform health insurance practices by increasing transparency, limiting claim denials, and ensuring medical decisions are guided by doctors—not insurers.
What is “downcoding” in healthcare?
Downcoding is when an insurance company reduces the value of a medical claim by reclassifying it as a less expensive procedure, often resulting in lower payments to providers.
How is artificial intelligence used in health insurance claims?
Some insurance companies use AI to review and deny claims quickly. The legislation proposes requiring human medical review before final decisions are made to ensure fairness and accuracy.
Learn more at CSG South.

South Carolina Education with Senator Hembree: Gains, Gaps, and What’s Next?  Apr 23, 2026

outh Carolina Senator Greg Hembree joins host Lindsey Gray to discuss the future of education policy in the Palmetto State—from school choice and charter accountability to teacher recruitment, classroom discipline, and student achievement. As chair of the Senate Education Committee, Hembree shares how South Carolina is approaching literacy, math, technology in the classroom, and the growing role of AI in education.
In this episode:
What education issues are shaping policy in South Carolina right now?
Senator Greg Hembree says South Carolina is focused on a wide range of education priorities, including school choice, charter school accountability, teacher recruitment, literacy and math achievement, classroom discipline, and the role of technology in schools.
How is South Carolina approaching school choice?
The state’s Education Scholarship Trust Fund expands educational options for eligible families, but lawmakers are still refining the program to ensure accountability and responsible implementation.
What is South Carolina doing to strengthen the teacher pipeline?
South Carolina has increased teacher pay, expanded scholarship incentives for future educators, and is exploring additional ways to recruit and retain teachers—especially in high-need subjects and rural communities.
Where is South Carolina seeing progress in education?
The state is showing encouraging gains in literacy performance, with lawmakers pointing to long-term reforms and sustained investment as key drivers of improvement.
Learn more at CSG South.

North Carolina’s Approach to Disaster Resilience, with Rep. Mark Pless Apr 09, 2026

As natural disasters grow more frequent and severe, states are being pushed to rethink how they prepare, respond, and rebuild. In this episode of Real State, North Carolina Representative Mark Pless shares a rare dual perspective as both a legislator and longtime first responder. From Hurricane Helene to rural economic disruption, he breaks down what’s working, where gaps remain, and how policy decisions translate into real recovery on the ground. This conversation offers a candid look at the challenges—and opportunities—shaping disaster resilience across the South.
In this episode:
What are the biggest challenges in disaster recovery in North Carolina?
North Carolina faces layered challenges including repeated natural disasters, infrastructure damage, housing shortages, and economic disruptions like major employer closures. Recovery is further complicated by contractor shortages, funding timelines, and the need to rebuild more resilient systems rather than simply restoring what was lost.
What role does FEMA play in disaster recovery?
FEMA primarily provides immediate relief to individuals—such as housing and essential needs—before transitioning into damage assessment and infrastructure support. While FEMA funding is critical, the process can be slow, requiring states like North Carolina to step in with additional funding and coordination.
How is North Carolina improving disaster resilience?
The state is investing in stronger infrastructure, including rebuilding roads with better drainage systems, expanding engineering resources, and updating policies to speed up housing recovery. There is also a growing focus on public education and preparedness to reduce risk during future disasters.
Why are natural disasters becoming a bigger issue for Southern states?
Southern states, including North Carolina, are experiencing more frequent and severe storms, flooding, and hurricanes. Population growth, aging infrastructure, and geographic vulnerabilities—such as coastal and mountainous regions—are increasing the impact and complexity of disaster response.
Learn more at CSG South.

Inside Virginia’s Child Welfare Reforms, with Delegate Katrina Callsen Mar 26, 2026

Lindsey Gray sits down with Virginia Delegate Katrina Callsen to explore how child welfare policy can better support children and families. From expanding kinship care and preventing unnecessary foster care placements to improving school stability and adoptee rights, Callsen shares how data, lived experience, and bipartisan collaboration are shaping meaningful reform. The conversation highlights both the progress Virginia has made—and the critical work still ahead—to create a more stable, family-centered system for vulnerable children.
In this episode:
What is kinship care and why does it matter in child welfare?
Kinship care places children with relatives or trusted adults instead of traditional foster care. Research shows it leads to better emotional stability, fewer disruptions, and stronger long-term outcomes for children.
How is Virginia reforming its child welfare system?
Virginia is prioritizing prevention, expanding kinship care, improving school stability for children in care, and removing unnecessary barriers for caregivers—all aimed at reducing foster care placements and strengthening families.
What problem does kinship care legislation aim to solve?
Many children enter foster care not because family support is unavailable, but because relatives lack access to resources. New policies in Virginia allow families to receive services earlier, helping prevent unnecessary foster care placement.
Why is school stability important for children in foster care?
Frequent school changes disrupt learning and social development. Studies show that even one fewer placement per year can significantly improve a child’s chances of graduating from high school.
What are “barrier crimes” in foster care placement?
Barrier crimes are offenses that can prevent someone from becoming a caregiver. Virginia is working to modernize these rules and introduce waiver processes so qualified family members aren’t excluded for outdated or minor offenses.
What can other states learn from Virginia’s approach?
Start with data, focus on prevention, prioritize family-centered solutions, and build bipartisan support. Incremental policy changes can lead to meaningful system-wide impact over time.
Learn more at CSG South.

Staffing State Legislatures: Doing More With Less, with Jay Hartz Mar 12, 2026

When legislative sessions end, the work of state government continues behind the scenes. In this episode of Real | State, host Lindsey Gray is joined by Jay Hartz, Executive Director of Kentucky’s Legislative Research Commission, to explore how a full-time, nonpartisan staff supports part-time lawmakers year-round. From staffing and modernization to transparency, talent retention, and trust, the conversation reveals the operational backbone that keeps legislatures—and democracy—working.
In this episode:
What is the Legislative Research Commission (LRC) in Kentucky?
The Legislative Research Commission (LRC) is the nonpartisan, professional staff agency that supports the Kentucky General Assembly by providing research, bill drafting, committee staffing, administrative operations, and constituent support year-round.
How does the Legislative Research Commission support lawmakers during session?
The LRC assigns legislative assistants, drafts legislation, staffs committees, manages constituent communications, and ensures bills, amendments, and legislative records are accurate and accessible—often under intense time pressure and public scrutiny.
What are the biggest operational challenges facing legislative staff today?
Legislative staff face growing demands for speed and transparency, talent recruitment and retention challenges, evolving technology expectations, and uncertainty around how tools like AI can be used without compromising confidentiality or trust.
Learn more at CSG South.

Revitalizing Rural Mississippi, with Senator Rod Hickman Feb 26, 2026

Host Lindsey Gray sits down with Mississippi State Senator Rod Hickman to explore how Mississippi’s dramatic rise from 49th to 9th in fourth-grade reading is reshaping opportunity across rural communities. The conversation connects early literacy to workforce readiness, community college partnerships, CTE pathways, and financial literacy — all critical to sustaining economic growth in rural America.
In this episode:
What is the “Mississippi Miracle” in literacy?
The “Mississippi Miracle” refers to Mississippi’s dramatic improvement in early reading outcomes—moving from 49th to 9th nationally in fourth-grade reading—after implementing evidence-based literacy reforms focused on early intervention, teacher support, and statewide alignment.
What did Mississippi do differently to improve reading scores?
Mississippi’s strategy emphasized evidence-based instruction, literacy coaches, consistent curriculum support, and measuring progress through assessment so schools could identify gaps early and target interventions that help students catch up.
What is a literacy coach, and why is it effective?
A literacy coach is a trained specialist who supports teachers and students by strengthening reading instruction and providing targeted help for students at different levels. In the episode, Senator Hickman highlights literacy coaching as a major driver of success because it adds individualized support beyond what one classroom teacher can provide.
How does literacy connect to workforce development in rural communities?
Literacy is foundational for workforce readiness because employers need workers who can read, train, earn credentials, and adapt on the job. Strong early literacy makes it more likely students can complete high school, succeed in technical programs, and qualify for local jobs—helping rural communities grow and retain talent.
Learn more at CSG South.

Grid to Growth: Energy Policy & Economic Opportunity, with Delegate Clay Riley Feb 09, 2026

Host Lindsey Gray speaks with West Virginia Delegate Clay Riley to explore how energy policy is shaping the state’s economic future during the 2026 legislative session. Energy has always been central to West Virginia’s identity—and today, it’s also a key driver of competitiveness, job creation, and long-term growth. Delegate Riley shares how lawmakers are approaching an “all-of-the-above” energy strategy that balances affordability, reliability, environmental responsibility, and economic opportunity. 
In this episode:
Why does energy policy matter so much to West Virginia’s economy?
Energy is foundational to West Virginia’s workforce, revenue base, and identity. As a major energy-producing and net-exporting state, West Virginia views energy policy as an economic development strategy—one that supports jobs, attracts investment, and positions the state to meet rising regional demand.
How is West Virginia using energy policy to drive economic growth?
Lawmakers are aligning energy policy with job creation and competitiveness by modernizing infrastructure, repurposing retired power plant sites, and ensuring energy reliability for industries like manufacturing and data centers that depend on large, consistent power loads.
What is West Virginia’s “all-of-the-above” energy approach?
The state is pursuing a diversified strategy that includes coal, natural gas, emerging technologies, and grid modernization. This approach balances reliability, affordability, environmental responsibility, and long-term economic growth—without relying on a single energy source.
What are Advanced Transmission Technologies (ATTs), and why do they matter?
Advanced Transmission Technologies allow states to move more electricity across existing transmission lines without building new rights-of-way. For West Virginia, ATTs improve grid reliability, reduce congestion, accelerate project timelines, and help export more power to neighboring states efficiently.
How does West Virginia protect ratepayers while expanding energy infrastructure?
The state is increasingly requiring high-load users—such as data centers—to bear the cost of grid expansions they require. This ensures economic development does not shift financial burden onto residential customers or small businesses.
What can other Southern states learn from West Virginia’s energy strategy?
West Virginia demonstrates how energy-producing states can treat energy as a competitive advantage—linking policy decisions to workforce readiness, site development, grid modernization, and regional collaboration to support long-term growth.
Why is regional collaboration important for energy policy?
Energy systems operate across state lines. West Virginia works closely with neighboring states and regional transmission organizations to ensure fair cost allocation, grid reliability, and shared economic benefit—recognizing that one state’s decisions impact the entire region.
Learn more at CSG South.

Right-Sizing Housing, Taxes & Community Stability in Georgia, with Speaker Jon Burns Feb 05, 2026

In the inaugural episode of Real | State, host Lindsey Gray sits down with Georgia House Speaker Jon Burns to explore affordability as a defining issue for Georgia families—from property tax reform and housing supply to rural economic resilience and workforce development. Speaker Burns shares how state leaders are approaching these challenges, what success looks like for communities across Georgia, and why long-term, collaborative policy matters now more than ever.
In this episode:
What does affordability mean for Georgia families?
Speaker Burns defines affordability in practical terms—housing costs, property taxes, healthcare access, and workforce readiness—and explains why all are interconnected.
How could property tax reform affect homeowners?
The conversation explores proposals focused on homestead protections and how reform could ease pressure on families, seniors, and first-time buyers.
How does regulation impact housing affordability?
Speaker Burns discusses where regulation protects communities—and where it unintentionally raises housing costs by limiting supply or increasing construction expenses.
Why is affordability different in rural Georgia?
Rural affordability is often tied to economic stability and job access, not just housing prices. The episode examines how state policy supports both.
How do lawmakers know if affordability policies are working?
Listening to communities, tracking outcomes, and evaluating long-term indicators like workforce readiness and literacy.
Learn more at CSG South.

Trailer Feb 03, 2026

Across the country, the decisions made in state capitals don't just shape policy, they shape everyday life. From how we build and strengthen our communities, to how we prepare the next generation of leaders, and how states work together to solve challenges that don't stop at state lines. This is the Real | State Podcast. I'm your host, Lindsey Gray, Regional Executive Director of CSG South.
On Real | State, we go beyond the headlines and talking points to explore the real work and real solutions driving state leadership today. Each episode features candid conversations with state legislators, government leaders, and policy experts from across CSG South's 15 member states. Together, we take a closer look at the decisions being made, the lessons being learned, and the partnerships shaping the future of state government.
Grounded in CSG South's trusted nonpartisan voice, Real | State brings together public service, private sector and real perspectives, connecting the people who govern with the people and communities they serve. Whether you're an elected official, a policy leader or simply someone who wants to better understand how state decisions impact all of us, this podcast is your front row seat to the conversations defining what comes next. This is Real | State. Real leadership. Real policy. Real Impact.
Learn more at CSG South.

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