Stay ConnectedActionable, expert advice on policy careers in AI, biosecurity, and emerging technologies. Learn how to break into US policy, where you can make a difference, and strategies to advance your career.
Narrations of emergingtechpolicy.org guides by the Horizon Institute for Public Service.
Copyright: © 2025 All rights reserved
New to policy? This guide explains what public policy is, how policy change happens, why you might want to work in policy, and where you could work.
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Outline:
(00:42) What is public policy?
(02:54) How is policy made?
(10:32) Why work in public policy?
(10:35) Making a difference
(15:35) Personal fulfillment
(17:38) Understanding policy careers
(18:15) Policy fit
(19:57) Specializations and types of roles
(22:02) Career pathways
(24:27) Where could you work?
(25:51) Executive branch
(28:48) Congress
(31:09) Think tanks
(33:45) State governments
(34:28) Multilateral institutions and other national governments
(35:30) Next steps
(36:36) Further reading
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 18 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
March 20th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/essentials/introduction-to-policy-careers
Would you enjoy working in (a particular role within) policy or be miserable? This article discusses what qualities you need to succeed in policy and suggests ways to test your “fit” for policy work to get real-world feedback.
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Outline:
(02:24) Thinking about your fit for policy
(02:54) Your fit for policy work in general
(04:43) Your fit for specific policy institutions, roles, and areas
(06:34) Attributes for policy career success
(07:29) Helpful attributes for most policy jobs
(11:14) Helpful attributes for some policy jobs
(15:20) Common misconceptions about personal fit for policy work
(17:46) Differences in fit between policy institutions
(18:40) Congress
(20:07) Executive branch
(21:17) Think tanks
(22:56) Other institutions
(23:37) Testing your fit for policy careers
(25:51) Cheap tests (hours to days)
(30:43) Medium-effort tests (weeks to months)
(36:17) High-effort tests (months to years)
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 5 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
January 15th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/essentials/policy-fit-testing
Many undergraduates consider pursuing a career in US policy but are uncertain about how to test their fit and get a foot in the door. This post provides advice and highlights opportunities for college students.
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Outline:
(00:25) Summary
(06:31) Work experience, networking, and skill development
(06:36) Mindset and goals
(07:12) Exploration
(08:27) Professional development
(09:30) Internships
(10:40) On-campus work: research and teaching assistantships (RA/TA)
(12:41) Policy fellowships
(14:08) Networking and mentorship
(14:56) Skill development
(15:30) Academics
(16:16) What to study
(19:36) Grades
(22:36) Graduate school
(24:09) Other advice
(24:12) Campus student groups
(25:47) Scholarships and funding opportunities
(27:31) Security clearances
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 9 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
February 7th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/undergraduate-advice
Your professional development consists of anything that helps you prepare for and excel in policy work, including your (1) skills, (2) knowledge, (3) network, and (4) credentials.
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Outline:
(00:11) Why professional development matters
(03:16) Components of professional development
(03:20) Skills
(04:32) Knowledge
(05:07) Understanding DC culture
(06:14) Institutional policy knowledge
(07:25) Domain-specific policy knowledge
(08:52) Network
(09:22) Credentials
(10:49) Savings
(11:22) How do I advance my professional development?
(14:24) Should I aim to specialize or become a generalist?
(16:20) What to specialize in? Issues, levers, and institutions
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
March 15th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/essentials/professional-development
Your professional development consists of anything that helps you prepare for and excel in policy work, including your (1) skills, (2) knowledge, (3) network, and (4) credentials.
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Outline:
(00:10) Policy career essentials
(00:26) Introduction to policy careers
(00:40) Testing your fit for policy
(00:58) Professional development
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
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First published:
March 19th, 2025
This article discusses whether you need a graduate degree to work in policy, the benefits that graduate school provides, and some considerations against.
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Outline:
(01:06) Do you need a graduate degree to work in policy?
(03:38) Professional development from a policy-oriented graduate degree
(04:37) Credentialing
(05:36) Networking
(07:25) Knowledge
(12:12) Professional skills
(13:14) Work experience
(14:10) Why not do a graduate degree for policy work?
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 11 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/1-why-graduate-school
This article describes and compares the most common types of graduate degrees for policy professionals—policy master’s, law school, and PhDs.
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Outline:
(01:02) Degree comparison
(01:51) When to do law school for policy work
(02:22) When to do a PhD for policy work
(04:05) Other degree types
(04:09) STEM degrees
(08:29) Master of Business Administration (MBA)
(09:23) Master of Public Health (MPH)
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 11 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
August 21st, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/2-comparing-options
This article explains why we recommend that most people work for 1-3 years before going to graduate school and the situations when this advice doesn’t apply.
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Outline:
(00:36) The case for working before graduate school
(03:38) Exceptions: Who should do graduate school immediately?
(07:15) Applying early
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/3-graduate-school-timing
A policy master’s degree often provides the best balance of benefits over costs for aspiring policy professionals. This article explains what makes these degrees distinctive.
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Outline:
(00:11) About this guide
(01:23) What are policy master's degrees?
(04:29) Course structure
(05:17) Academic versus practitioner-oriented degrees
(06:16) Why (not) do a master's if you want to work in policy?
(07:00) Specific reasons for doing a master's
(08:18) Why not do a master's for policy work?
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 8 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/policy-masters/1-background
Some policy master’s degrees prepare you much better for a DC policy career than others. This article explains the criteria for where to apply and recommends particular schools.
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Outline:
(00:27) Summary
(03:04) Where to apply: Process and criteria for choosing a degree
(04:08) Subject and curriculum
(07:22) Location
(10:46) Reputation
(14:19) Opportunity cost
(18:22) On-campus work opportunities
(19:27) For international students: STEM degrees
(21:01) Special degree features: part-time, accelerated, and dual/joint
(23:20) Cross-registration options
(24:25) Which specific policy masters should you consider?
(25:16) Policy master's database
(26:10) Top policy master's programs to consider
(31:20) Acceptance rates
(32:32) Experience levels and demographics
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 25 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
February 18th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/policy-masters/2-where-to-apply
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Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
This article explains how law school works (e.g. curriculum, time commitment) and outlines steps you could take to assess your personal fit for a law degree.
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Outline:
(00:12) About this guide
(01:39) Summary
(02:36) About law school
(02:51) Curriculum
(05:35) Internships, externships, and other experiential opportunities
(07:17) Time commitment
(09:15) Cost of attendance
(09:48) Path to law school
(12:24) Alternatives to law school
(13:36) Testing your fit for law school
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/1-background-and-fit-testing
The cost of policy master’s degrees can be high. This article explains these costs and how to make them more manageable through careful planning and research.
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Outline:
(00:27) Summary
(01:48) Tuition and other costs of policy master's programs
(05:13) How to fund graduate school
(05:53) University financial aid
(08:10) Financial aid bargaining
(09:04) Federal financial aid
(09:37) Loans and loan forgiveness programs
(10:58) Government scholarship-for-service programs
(12:01) Employer funding
(14:46) Philanthropic scholarships
(15:30) Go abroad for graduate school
(18:17) Do a PhD instead of a master's
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 16 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
May 21st, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/policy-masters/4-cost-and-funding
This article outlines the benefits of attending law school (e.g. learning, skill development, networking, and credentials) and potential downsides (e.g. opportunity cost, mental health).
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Outline:
(00:26) Summary
(01:57) Law school benefits
(02:00) Structural knowledge about how law and public policy work
(02:40) Domain-specific knowledge about particular areas of law
(05:14) Developing skills and aptitudes
(07:45) Networks
(09:05) Career exploration
(09:27) Credentials
(10:46) Other factors that might make law school a more attractive option
(12:35) Why not go to law school?
(15:07) Advice if you lean toward pursuing law school
(15:11) Choosing law school to avoid making career decisions is a common mistake
(16:18) Most people shouldn't leave promising work for law school without a clear plan
(17:00) Entering law school with a theory of change in mind can help
(17:44) Keep building your subject-matter knowledge
(18:09) Keep an eye out for new opportunities
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/2-why-go-to-law-school
This article outlines some promising career paths after law school, focusing on government and policy work. It also explains the difference between practicing law versus shaping policy.
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Outline:
(00:26) Summary
(01:22) A framing note: Practicing law vs. shaping policy
(02:57) Roles practicing law
(06:31) Roles outside the practice of law
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
October 29th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/3-career-paths
Not all law degrees are created equal—some JDs advance your professional development more than others. This article gives advice on where to apply, considering different career paths and program options.
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Outline:
(00:26) Summary
(01:27) How much to prioritize rankings?
(02:42) Considerations by career path
(02:46) Practicing law
(05:04) Policy
(07:40) Legal academia
(07:52) Schools to consider
(08:09) Conventional top 14 law schools
(08:41) Two more law schools to consider in DC
(09:35) Where to find more data
(10:01) Special program types
(10:05) Part-time programs
(10:49) Accelerated programs
(12:14) Dual- and joint-degree programs
(13:44) LL.M. programs
(14:35) S.JD and PhD programs
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
January 5th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/4-where-to-apply
The most expensive law schools charge nearly $70,000 per year in tuition. This article provides advice on how to fund your law degree, such as through scholarships, federal financial aid, and loans.
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Outline:
(01:08) Institutional scholarships
(02:14) Federal financial aid
(02:46) Loans and loan forgiveness programs
(05:53) Application fee waivers
(06:21) Do a master's or PhD instead of a law degree
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
November 13th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/6-cost-and-funding
This article discusses the motivation for working “on the Hill”—direct impact, professional development, and exploration—and how you can assess your personal fit for congressional work.
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Outline:
(00:12) About this guide
(01:57) Why (not) work in Congress?
(02:24) Opportunities for meaningful policy change
(07:05) Acquiring policy knowledge, skills, and connections
(10:31) Assessing your fit for Congress
(17:16) Considerations for working in Congress
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 8 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/1-why-work-in-congress
This article explains how to think about whether to work in the House or the Senate, in a personal office or a committee, and for the majority or minority party. It also discusses office culture and political affiliations.
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Outline:
(01:16) House versus Senate
(05:14) Committee versus personal office
(09:14) Majority versus minority party
(11:45) Office culture
(13:26) A note on partisanship and political affiliation
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 9 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
March 27th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/2-where-to-work-in-congress
This article discusses how to identify the offices and committees working on your policy areas of interest, particularly those in emerging technology and security policy.
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Outline:
(00:57) Which committees have jurisdiction over your issue?
(05:35) The power of the purse: Authorization versus appropriation
(11:07) Analyzing committee jurisdiction
(12:47) Committees relevant to AI
(14:15) Committees relevant to bio
(15:46) A note of caution
(16:30) Which members have an interest in your issue?
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 10 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
January 15th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/3-office-and-committee-relevance
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Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
This article explains the different roles available in Congress, provides networking advice, and explains how to search and apply for jobs.
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Outline:
(00:28) Explore what job(s) you can get
(00:41) Relatively loose credential, citizenship, and security clearance requirements
(03:19) The congressional office org chart
(05:24) Congressional opportunities at different levels of experience
(05:30) Internships for current undergraduate or graduate students
(06:01) Full-time roles
(06:46) Congressional fellowships
(07:05) Networking and reaching out to people
(07:35) Tapping your network and doing informational interviews
(09:28) Initial conversations with people adjacent to Congress
(11:19) Conversations with current staffers
(15:15) Whatever you do, don't be shy
(18:08) Search and apply for jobs
(18:20) Selecting which offices to apply to
(22:37) Finding job openings
(23:04) Internships
(24:16) Full-time staff roles
(25:39) Fellowships
(25:50) Succeeding in the application process
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 5th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/4-how-to-apply
---
Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
Policy fellowships—term-limited positions in congressional offices, often sponsored by nonprofits—allow you to build first-hand experience in Congress and benefit from training, mentoring, networking, and more.
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
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Last updated:
November 1st, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/fellowships
This guide outlines full-time roles in Congress and how to find job openings, including information on (1) entry-level jobs for recent graduates, (2) jobs for terminal degree holders or mid-career professionals, and (3) senior and non-legislative jobs.
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Outline:
(00:36) Entry-level jobs for recent graduates
(03:07) Jobs for terminal degree holders or mid-career professionals
(04:52) Full-time legislative staff roles
(08:38) Congressional fellowships
(08:56) More senior and non-legislative jobs
(11:04) Finding job openings
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
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Last updated:
November 10th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/full-time-roles
Most congressional staff are former interns, as are many Members of Congress. This article explains what congressional internships involve and how to decide where to apply.
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Outline:
(00:14) About this guide
(01:47) How do congressional internships work, and why should I apply for one?
(02:21) How do congressional internships work?
(04:22) What do congressional interns do?
(05:15) What are alternatives to congressional internships?
(06:35) Why apply for a congressional internship?
(07:00) How to decide where to apply?
(07:43) Should I intern in a personal office or with a congressional committee?
(08:31) Should I intern in the Senate or House?
(09:28) How can I learn whether the office has a good environment?
(11:48) How important are personal ties to an office's constituency?
(12:57) Should I only apply to offices of my political affiliation?
(13:48) How much should a Member's issue areas or committee matter?
(15:31) Should I apply for a summer or semester internship?
(16:56) Does the internship pay its interns?
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 5 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
March 21st, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/internships/1-why-and-where-to-apply
This article explains how to learn about congressional internship opportunities, the application process, and important application advice.
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Outline:
(01:06) Timeline
(01:41) How to learn about internship opportunities
(03:48) How to prepare for the first round of the application process
(05:12) Writing a good cover letter
(06:50) Drafting a good resume
(08:21) How to prepare for the second round of the application process
(10:19) Case study
(13:10) Recommended resources
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
March 21st, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/congress/internships/2-how-to-apply
This article explains how to learn about congressional internship opportunities, the application process, and important application advice.
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Outline:
(00:09) Congress
(00:24) Working in Congress: why and how
(01:00) 1. Why (not) work in Congress?
(01:18) 2. Where to work in Congress?
(01:35) 3. How to assess office and committee relevance?
(01:52) 4. How to apply for and land a job in Congress?
(02:07) Guides to roles in Congress by experience level
(02:17) Internships in Congress
(02:38) Congressional fellowships
(03:01) Full-time roles in Congress
(03:22) Committees relevant to emerging tech policy
(03:48) Committees relevant to AI policy
(03:53) Committees relevant to bio policy
(03:57) Recommended resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
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First published:
September 19th, 2023
More than a hundred think tanks in DC aim to inform and influence policymaking through a combination of research and writing, convening stakeholders, and advocacy.
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Outline:
(00:09) Think tanks
(00:24) Working at a DC think tank: why and how
(00:41) 1. Why (not) work at a think tank?
(00:59) 2. Think tank types & activities
(01:16) 3. Think tank roles & personal fit
(01:34) 4. Getting a think tank job
(01:51) Think tank fellowships
(02:31) Early- or mid career full-time fellowships
(05:36) Recent PhD or law school graduates
(05:55) Early- or mid-career non-resident fellowships (often part-time / unpaid but helpful for network- and skill-building)
(06:32) Internships
(06:41) Mid-career visiting fellowships
(06:53) Opportunities for people from underrepresented backgrounds
(07:10) Think tanks working on emerging tech policy
(07:49) Recommended resources
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
September 19th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/think-tanks
More than a hundred think tanks in DC aim to inform and influence policymaking through a combination of research and writing, convening stakeholders, and advocacy.
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Outline:
(03:42) Think tank functions and activities
(04:20) Research
(05:20) Outreach and advocacy
(07:12) Convening and education
(08:55) The conglomerate question: Think tanks versus programs
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/think-tanks/2-types-and-activities
Think tanks have a variety of jobs beyond pure research roles (e.g. communications, operations). This article explains the main job categories at think tanks and how to determine your personal fit.
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Outline:
(00:56) Assessing your fit for think tank life
(04:10) Types of teams and jobs at think tanks
(06:13) Research
(09:07) External affairs
(10:49) Internal
(12:53) Consider think tank jobs, not think tank careers
(15:32) Non-resident or adjunct fellow roles
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If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 4 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/think-tanks/3-roles-and-personal-fit
States serve as "laboratories of democracy," shaping policies that affect millions while often setting precedents for federal action. This guide explains how US state governments work and advises on when and how to pursue state level roles.
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Outline:
(01:26) Overview of state governments
(03:26) Relationship between federal and state policy
(05:35) Brief profiles on Texas and California
(15:17) Why (not) work for state government
(16:12) Opportunities for state-level impact
(18:32) Opportunities for national impact
(20:35) Professional development
(23:10) Personal fit considerations
(25:26) Where and how to work in state policy?
(25:51) Legislature
(27:00) Personal staff
(31:35) Committee staff
(34:43) Researching legislative offices and committees
(35:18) Executive branch
(35:58) Governor's office
(38:28) State-level departments and agencies
(41:50) Researching executive offices
(43:46) Think tanks, nonprofits, and other external groups
(43:51) Think tanks
(44:42) Nonprofits, associations, and advocacy groups
(47:23) Researching nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
(49:11) Choosing which state to work in
(51:32) Internships and jobs in state government
(51:37) Internships & fellowships
(55:48) Jobs
(01:00:25) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 16 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 18th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/state-level-policy-careers
---
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This guide helps you research and pursue federal agency roles that match your policy interests and career goals. It walks you through a practical four-stage process: brainstorming options, conducting targeted research, networking through informational interviews, and creating an action plan.
---
Outline:
(00:51) Step 1: Brainstorm options
(07:03) Step 2: Research specific agencies and offices
(08:45) People
(11:17) Workstreams
(12:57) Resources, mandate, and limitations
(16:56) Step 3: Conduct informational interviews
(23:48) Step 4: Make an action plan
(27:12) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 8 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
April 8th, 2025
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This article provides advice on how to find think tank job opportunities, which roles to apply for (including internships and fellowships), and how to improve your chances in the application process.
---
Outline:
(00:24) Which jobs should you apply to?
(06:36) Finding specific opportunities
(08:04) Internship programs
(10:02) Succeeding in the application process
(17:26) Relevant degrees and credentials
(22:40) Fellowships
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 4 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/think-tanks/4-getting-a-job
A political campaign is an organized effort to elect candidates to public office or pass ballot initiatives such as constitutional amendments, legislative referenda, or local ordinances.
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Outline:
(02:04) Campaign types, organization, and roles
(02:09) Campaign types
(04:49) Primary and general election campaigns
(07:44) Competitive campaigns and partisan campaign committees
(10:34) Legislative campaigns
(13:25) Executive campaigns
(14:12) Judicial campaigns and ballot initiatives
(15:32) Organization and roles
(17:51) Campaign finance
(18:53) Working on a transition team
(21:37) Campaign timelines
(23:46) Personal fit: Pros & cons to campaign work
(24:02) Pros
(25:01) Building experience, skills, and networks
(26:19) Career advancement
(30:29) Civic engagement
(31:28) Cons
(34:51) Testing your fit for campaign work
(36:16) Getting a political campaign role
(37:03) Choosing a campaign: a framework and tool
(39:02) Additional considerations for choosing a campaign
(42:40) Typical campaign salary
(43:51) Finding a job and the hiring process
(45:26) Preparing for an interview
(47:09) What comes next: post-campaign employment
(52:01) Transitioning from campaigning to post-campaign work
(53:18) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
January 31st, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/political-campaigning
---
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Working in or with a multilateral organization can be a great way to tackle global challenges and advance your career, but this career path also has some important potential downsides.
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Outline:
(01:45) What is multilateral governance?
(04:08) The multilateral governance process
(06:24) Differences between multilateral governance and national policy
(08:52) Working on multilateral policy
(09:42) Multilateral organizations
(15:01) International NGOs, think tanks, and advocacy organizations
(18:50) National governments
(20:47) Why (not) work on multilateral governance?
(20:53) Making a difference: opportunities and constraints
(25:01) Professional development
(28:22) Personal fit
(32:55) Pathways and (early-career) opportunities
(35:19) Which multilateral organizations are most relevant to emerging tech issues?
(36:20) Further reading
(36:26) Appendix: International agreements on emerging technology and security
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 4 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 17th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/multilateral-governance
National labs like Los Alamos are crucial for informing government policy and advancing science and technology, particularly in national security.
---
Outline:
(00:37) What on Earth are FFRDCs?
(05:48) Overview of FFRDCs
(06:23) Types of FFRDCs
(08:06) National labs: history and overview
(08:11) The labs: A (very) brief history
(11:27) Overview of the national labs today
(16:58) Why (not) work for the FFRDCs?
(21:35) FFRDC roles and personal fit
(22:00) Types of roles
(24:45) Placement opportunities and transitioning into government
(26:13) Getting an FFRDC job
(30:23) FFRDCs working on emerging technology issues
(32:02) Testimonials
(34:28) Additional resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
October 29th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/national-labs-and-ffrdcs
---
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The law school admission process is highly competitive and time intensive. This article explains the process and how to strengthen your application in the most time-effective way.
---
Outline:
(01:12) Overview of your application
(02:56) Where to focus your time and effort
(08:45) Quantitative components of the application
(08:49) GPA
(10:56) LSAT or GRE
(11:53) Comparing the LSAT and the GRE
(14:27) Deciding between the LSAT and the GRE
(15:50) Preparing for the LSAT
(19:48) Assessing your numbers
(20:52) Qualitative components of the application
(20:56) Resume
(22:06) Personal statement and other essays
(24:18) Letters of recommendation
(28:10) Interviews
(29:10) Application Timeline
(30:38) Schedule and take your admissions tests
(31:23) Request letters of recommendation
(32:54) Compile and submit your applications
(33:28) Waiting for decisions
(33:31) Timing
(34:02) Offer mechanics
(35:05) Waitlists
(36:07) A note on mental health
(37:09) Thinking ahead: One possible timeline for candidates applying in future years
(37:35) First and second year of college (and earlier)
(38:04) Junior year of college
(38:49) Senior year of college
(39:23) First year of full-time work
(39:39) Second year of full-time work
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 13th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/law-school/5-how-to-apply
This article covers interview preparation, the scoring system, common mistakes to avoid, and what to expect during and after the interview.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Getting started
(02:09) Preparation
(02:11) Understanding the vacancy and scoring system
(03:46) Strategies for effective interview preparation
(06:24) Avoiding common mistakes
(08:23) What to expect
(09:01) Succeeding in panel interviews
(09:41) Opportunity to ask questions
(10:32) Next steps
(11:52) Additional resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 21st, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/interviewing-for-federal-positions
The US intelligence community (IC) is a network of 18 government agencies and offices charged with collecting, analyzing, and delivering intelligence to senior US leaders to support national security decision-making.
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Outline:
(01:21) Background on the IC
(01:24) What does the IC do?
(03:16) The IC's diverse types of roles and activities
(04:01) Functional and regional analysts
(05:50) Technical roles
(07:08) Intelligence collectors and case officers
(09:25) Why might you (not) want to work in the IC?
(10:02) Upsides to IC work
(14:46) Downsides to IC work
(18:08) IC members
(20:06) The federation and its components
(21:50) Intelligence outside of the IC
(24:35) How the IC plugs into the policymaking process
(31:52) Intelligence work on emerging technology topics
(36:47) IC components relevant to emerging technology
(40:02) IC work on AI issues
(41:38) IC work on biosecurity and countering WMD
(43:30) IARPA and In-Q-Tel
(44:10) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)
(45:05) In-Q-Tel
(45:58) Working in the IC
(49:53) Desired qualities and skills
(53:02) Job and internship listings
(54:39) Appendix: The different kinds of intelligence work
(54:45) The intelligence cycle
(57:11) Types of intelligence (the INTs)
(01:00:06) Testimonials
(01:01:32) Additional resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
November 20th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/intelligence-community
---
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This guide serves as a starting point for exploring careers in biosecurity policy in the executive branch. It reviews key policy areas and agency roles and highlights key considerations to inform your career planning.
---
Outline:
(01:44) What is biosecurity?
(03:23) Mapping the federal biosecurity ecosystem
(09:05) What agencies work on in biosecurity
(09:54) COVID-19 vaccines as a case study in government coordination
(14:34) Navigating executive branch biosecurity careers
(18:46) Appendix: A brief history of biosecurity policy
(27:20) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 31st, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/executive-branch-biosecurity-policy
This guide serves as a starting point for exploring careers in biosecurity policy in the executive branch. It reviews key policy areas and agency roles and highlights key considerations to inform your career planning.
---
Outline:
(00:09) Policy institutions
(00:23) Executive branch
(00:45) Congress
(01:09) Think tanks
(01:33) State-level policy careers
(01:53) National labs and FFRDCs
(02:15) Intelligence community (IC)
(02:36) Multilateral organizations
(03:01) US political campaigns
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
October 4th, 2023
This guide is a starting point for exploring AI policy careers in the executive branch. It reviews key policy areas and agency roles and highlights key considerations to inform your career planning.
---
Outline:
(01:57) What is AI policy?
(03:52) Mapping the federal AI ecosystem
(08:03) What agencies work on in AI policy
(08:52) Chip export controls as a case study in government coordination
(14:13) Navigating AI careers in the executive branch
(18:39) Appendix: A brief history of AI policy in the US
(29:45) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 7 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 30th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/executive-branch-ai-policy
---
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This page focuses on how to find and apply for full-time positions in public service, highlighting job boards and relevant resources, outlining common career paths, listing policy opportunities, and explaining how to narrow down your options.
---
Outline:
(00:33) Relevant resources
(01:51) Job boards
(03:51) Common career paths
(06:51) Where to apply?
(06:54) Policy opportunities in Washington DC
(09:04) Policy opportunities outside of Washington DC
(11:31) Narrowing down your options
(15:30) Networking matters for finding and getting jobs
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 7th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/full-time-roles
VSFS facilitates part-time, remote semester internships with federal agencies for current students.
---
Outline:
(00:32) Summary
(02:11) Who is eligible?
(03:02) Why is this an exciting opportunity?
(03:06) A wide variety of government agencies participate in VSFS
(03:59) No previous government experience is required
(04:22) The program is very flexible
(04:40) The experience can be useful for future applications
(06:13) Why the VSFS might be a bad fit for you
(07:23) What does participating in this program entail?
(07:27) A personal example
(09:12) General advice during the program
(10:22) Application overview
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
February 3rd, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/policy-internships/vsfs
Many schools offer semester in DC programs providing support for internship applications, academic credit, funding, accommodation, and networking opportunities.
---
Outline:
(01:31) Why apply for a policy internship?
(01:59) Credentials
(02:54) Networking
(05:38) Learning
(06:42) Testing fit
(08:31) A note on partisan affiliation
(08:52) How to apply
(10:54) Where to apply (general internship categories)
(10:59) Internship categories in Washington DC
(15:07) Internship categories outside of Washington DC
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/policy-internships
Many schools offer semester in DC programs providing support for internship applications, academic credit, funding, accommodation, and networking opportunities.
---
Outline:
(00:41) What are semester in DC programs?
(01:01) Benefits
(02:59) Costs
(03:30) Timing
(04:02) Applications and eligibility
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
March 27th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/policy-internships/semester-in-dc-programs
This article outlines the application process for policy master’s degrees and provides tips to strengthen the different components of your application.
---
Outline:
(00:27) Summary
(01:18) Application timelines
(02:38) Application prerequisites
(03:49) Qualitative application components
(04:21) Resume
(05:12) Statement of purpose and other essays
(07:50) Letters of recommendation
(10:26) Quantitative application components
(10:52) GPA
(13:43) Standardized tests (GRE, GMAT)
(18:19) English proficiency exams for international students
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 15 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
April 11th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/policy-masters/3-how-to-apply
Policy careers are highly network-driven. Networking is a learnable skill and developing a strong network helps you get valuable advice, hear of relevant job openings, be successful when you apply, and have an impact on the job.
---
Outline:
(00:09) Tips and resources
(00:25) Networking in policy
(00:43) Policy skills
(00:59) Security clearances
(01:15) Partisan affiliation
(01:32) Policy resumes
(01:48) Policy cover letters
(02:01) Career profiles
(02:15) Policy career resources
(02:33) Using LinkedIn for policy roles
(02:45) How to pitch yourself in policy contexts
(02:57) Publishing in policy outlets
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
First published:
October 4th, 2023
Policy careers are highly network-driven. Networking is a learnable skill and developing a strong network helps you get valuable advice, hear of relevant job openings, be successful when you apply, and have an impact on the job.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Why networking matters
(02:03) The networking mindset
(03:58) How to start building a DC policy network
(08:45) Preparing for networking conversations
(12:47) Connecting with senior professionals
(13:54) Maintaining professional connections
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
March 27th, 2024
Policy work requires a diverse set of skills, depending on the specific role. This article explains which skills and traits are most essential for success in policy careers, and how to develop them.
---
Outline:
(01:04) Essential skills for policy work
(01:29) Writing
(02:52) Networking and social skills
(03:38) Research skills
(04:29) Public speaking
(04:59) Language skills
(05:27) Technical skills and knowledge
(06:34) Learning how to learn
(07:15) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
January 17th, 2024
Government jobs typically require a security clearance, especially in national security. This article provides advice on how to improve your chances and speed up the future clearance process.
---
Outline:
(01:11) Levels of background checks and security clearances
(04:23) What's the process for getting a security clearance?
(07:56) What roles do you need a security clearance for?
(08:35) What can disqualify you (and how to mitigate it)
(23:26) Security clearance tips
(26:02) FAQ
(26:19) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 5 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 11th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/security-clearance
---
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Entering a policy career can be particularly challenging for individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups. This post highlights relevant resources, career opportunities, and advice.
---
Outline:
(00:32) Networking and mentorship
(02:33) Professional opportunities and landing a job
(04:03) Internships and fellowships
(04:22) Recommended resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
December 16th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/advice-for-underrepresented-groups
NSF is an independent federal agency that advances US science and engineering progress through competitive research grants, partnerships, education, and workforce development. NSF investments drive developments across AI, biosecurity, and other emerging technologies.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(02:01) Background on NSF
(03:54) Organizational structure
(05:49) NSF and AI policy
(06:50) AI-related developments at NSF
(07:03) AI-relevant offices at NSF
(09:27) NSF and biosecurity policy
(10:15) Biosecurity-related developments at NSF
(10:28) Biosecurity-relevant offices at NSF
(12:40) Working at NSF
(15:26) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 12th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/national-science-foundation
---
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Certain activities can tag you as partisan, like volunteering for a campaign, or donating to political candidates. This article provides advice on the potential impacts of partisan affiliations on your policy career.
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/partisan-affiliation
Some non-Americans wonder whether they’re eligible for public policy work in the US. This post provides information on the main immigration categories and explains the challenges and opportunities facing foreign nationals.
---
Outline:
(01:00) Summary
(02:57) Policy work by immigration status
(03:33) Types of policy work by immigration status
(05:22) Immigration category details
(06:38) Student visas
(10:23) Temporary work visas
(14:42) Green card (permanent residency)
(15:10) Family-based (FB)
(16:12) Employment-based
(18:00) Lottery-based
(18:51) Country-based green card caps
(19:45) Citizenship
(20:56) Appendices
(20:59) Dual intent
(23:51) Selective Service for male immigrants & US citizens growing up abroad
(25:01) Evaluation of Foreign Degrees
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
March 27th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/foreign-nationals
---
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CDC’s mission is to protect America from health, safety, and security threats, both foreign and domestic. It provides public health expertise, conducts research, and plays a central role in biosecurity.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Executive branch
(00:24) Federal agency profiles
(00:41) Executive branch AI policy overview
(00:59) Executive branch biosecurity policy overview
(01:17) ARPAs \[AI+bio\]
(01:34) Executive Office of the President (EOP) \[AI+bio\]
(01:56) EOP National Security Council (NSC) \[AI+bio\]
(02:20) EOP Office of Management & Budget (OMB) \[AI+bio\]
(02:46) EOP Office of Science & Tech Policy (OSTP) \[AI+bio\]
(03:11) EOP National Economic & Domestic Policy Councils (NEC & DPC) \[AI+bio\]
(03:34) Department of Commerce (DOC) \[AI+bio\]
(03:57) DOC Bureau of Industry & Security (BIS) \[AI+bio\]
(04:22) Department of Defense (DOD) \[AI+bio\]
(04:46) DOD Office of the SecDef (OSD) \[AI+bio\]
(05:09) Dep. of Energy (DOE) \[AI+bio\]
(05:32) Dept. of Health & Human Services (HHS) \[Bio\]
(05:56) HHS Administration for Strategic Preparedness & Response (ASPR) \[Bio\]
(06:18) HHS Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) \[Bio\]
(06:45) HHS Food & Drug Administration (FDA) \[Bio\]
(07:10) HHS National Institutes of Health (NIH) \[Bio\]
(07:34) National Science Foundation (NSF) \[AI+bio\]
(07:58) Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) \[AI+bio\]
(08:26) DHS Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) \[AI\]
(08:48) Intelligence Community (IC) \[AI+bio\]
(09:11) Department of State (DOS) \[AI+bio\]
(09:33) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) \[AI\]
(09:54) US Department of Agriculture (USDA) \[Bio\]
(10:34) Federal agency research and application advice
(10:39) Researching federal agencies and offices
(11:00) Interviewing for federal positions
(11:19) Understanding federal job announcements and USAJOBS.gov
(11:47) Federal resume advice
(12:21) Executive branch fellowships
(14:15) Executive branch resources
(14:19) Job boards
(15:54) Websites
(16:33) Articles
(16:46) Newsletters
(17:06) Books
(18:10) Podcasts
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
First published:
September 19th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch
---
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Home / Policy levers / Technical standards and evaluations Contents ▾ Policy Levers Updated 3rd Jun 2026 42 min read Share Technical standards and evaluations Overview Technical standards—shared expectations for definitions, performance of products and systems, and testing—underpin nearly all aspects of technology and manufacturing globally. Evaluations check whether those expectations are being met through
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Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(02:16) Why does the government use technical standards and evaluations?
(04:39) Technical standards and evaluations basics
(04:44) What are technical standards?
(06:56) What are evaluations?
(08:37) The lifecycle of standards and evals
(09:43) Who makes standards?
(12:28) How US agencies adopt and use standards
(15:44) Standards & evaluations for emerging technology
(16:29) AI
(17:49) Standards bodies
(18:55) Third-party evaluation organizations
(20:26) Governance and coordination bodies
(22:17) Major recent developments in AI standards and evaluations
(24:27) Major AI-related standards & evaluations
(24:55) Biosecurity and life sciences
(27:33) Laboratory and clinical standards organizations
(29:05) Biosecurity governance and dual-use risk organizations
(31:46) Major bio-related standards
(32:14) Major recent developments in biosecurity standards and evaluations
(34:28) Why (not) work on technical standards & evaluations?
(34:45) The case for impact
(36:52) The case for professional growth
(38:07) Limitations
(40:17) How does the USG engage with standards? Who's involved?
(41:59) Agencies creating standards themselves
(44:32) Examples of agency-created standards in emerging tech
(49:07) Agencies participating in external (non-governmental) standard-setting bodies
(50:07) Examples of NIST engaging with ANSI and ISO
(51:47) Agencies or legislators adopting or referencing external standards
(53:33) Examples of agencies referencing voluntary standards
(55:19) Working on standards & evals: types of roles and career opportunities
(56:03) Preparing for standards & evals roles
(01:01:00) Appendices: Day-in-the-life
(01:01:00) Day in the life: Stories from people working on technical standards
(01:03:41) Further reading
(01:03:46) Notes
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 7 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
March 29th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/policy-levers/technical-standards-and-evaluations
---
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Home / Policy levers / Federal R&D funding Contents ▾ Policy Levers Updated 3rd Jun 2026 51 min read Share Federal R&D funding Overview Federal R&D funding—public dollars allocated by the US government to support scientific and technological progress—is among the strongest policy tools for shaping national innovation. Spawned out of Cold War ambitions to
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Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:39) Why does the government invest in R&D?
(04:39) Federal R&D funding basics
(05:37) Department of War funding categories
(08:56) Funding models and mechanisms
(12:37) Federal R&D funding and emerging technology
(16:22) Major recent developments in AI R&D funding
(21:43) Major recent developments in bio R&D funding
(24:54) Why (not) work on federal R&D funding?
(25:00) The case for impact
(28:20) The case for professional growth
(30:11) Some tradeoffs
(33:28) The funding process: Who's involved?
(35:11) Budget and policy direction setting
(35:55) The White House
(38:59) Congress
(41:47) External groups (think tanks, nonprofits, industry groups, etc.)
(44:58) Grant-making and program execution
(46:55) Conducting the actual R&D
(49:31) Coordination
(52:08) Oversight
(54:04) Working on R&D funding: types of roles and career opportunities
(54:41) Preparing for R&D funding roles
(58:38) Appendices: Day-in-the-life & a brief history of federal R&D funding
(58:45) Day in the life: Stories from people working on federal R&D funding
(01:02:29) Federal R&D funding: A brief history
(01:08:02) Further reading
(01:08:07) Notes
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 36 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
February 14th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/policy-levers/federal-rd-funding
---
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Home / Policy levers / Export controls Contents ▾ Policy Levers Updated 3rd Jun 2026 39 min read Share Export controls Overview Export controls are regulations that restrict which goods, technologies, and services can be sold or transferred to foreign countries, entities, or individuals. The US government primarily uses export controls to protect national security
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Outline:
(00:09) Overview
(01:32) Why does the government use export controls?
(02:24) Export control basics
(03:07) What gets controlled
(04:22) How controls work
(06:20) Key screening lists
(09:44) Controls beyond US borders
(11:25) Unilateral and multilateral controls
(12:32) Export controls and emerging technology
(13:26) The AI compute supply chain and why it matters for export controls
(16:36) Major recent developments in AI-related export controls
(22:10) Major recent developments in bio-related export controls
(24:41) Why (not) work on export controls?
(24:46) The case for impact
(26:25) The case for professional growth
(28:17) Factors limiting the effectiveness of some export controls
(31:07) The export controls process: Who's involved?
(33:29) Strategy and agenda-setting
(34:05) Congress
(36:35) White House and coordinating agencies
(38:50) External groups
(42:57) Regulatory development, license review, and enforcement
(43:39) Developing controls
(45:38) License review
(47:16) Enforcement
(49:20) Oversight
(51:34) Working on export controls: types of roles and career opportunities
(51:59) Preparing for export control work
(54:48) Appendices: Brief history of export controls
(54:54) Brief history of US export controls
(57:43) Further reading
(57:49) Notes
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 16 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
April 10th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/policy-levers/export-controls
---
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Home / Policy levers / Regulatory policy Contents ▾ Policy Levers Updated 27th May 2026 42 min read Share Regulatory policy Overview Federal regulations—legally binding rules that Congress has authorized federal agencies to create—touch nearly all aspects of life. More than 100 US federal agencies regulate hundreds of thousands of activities and products, from aviation
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Outline:
(00:09) Overview
(01:18) Why does the government regulate?
(03:34) Regulatory policy basics
(07:21) Types of regulation
(07:31) Policy areas and their regulators
(07:49) Consumer protection
(08:41) Antitrust and competition policy
(09:41) Health, safety, and environment
(10:47) Financial systems
(12:25) National security and critical systems
(13:37) Information integrity and online harms
(14:31) Regulatory tools
(15:27) Federal vs. state regulation
(16:48) Regulation and emerging technology
(17:48) Major recent regulatory developments in AI
(20:45) Major recent regulatory developments in bio
(23:27) Why (not) work on regulatory policy?
(23:32) The case for impact
(25:47) The case for professional growth
(27:16) Some tradeoffs
(29:37) The regulatory process: Who's involved?
(32:16) Setting the agenda
(32:41) Congress
(33:47) The White House
(35:34) Regulatory agencies
(36:44) External groups
(37:14) Drafting regulations
(40:08) Interagency review and clearance
(42:03) How to do a regulatory impact analysis
(45:46) Public comment and consultation
(47:04) Finalization and publication
(49:35) Implementation and enforcement
(53:03) Oversight
(54:52) Working on regulatory policy: types of roles and career opportunities
(55:37) Preparing for regulatory policy roles
(58:50) Appendix: Day-in-the-life
(58:54) Day in the life: Stories from people working on regulatory policy
(01:00:34) Further reading
(01:00:41) General
(01:00:51) On regulation
(01:01:11) On the rulemaking process
(01:01:49) On regulatory analysis
(01:01:58) Notes
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 18 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
February 15th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/policy-levers/regulatory-policy
---
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Home / Tips & resources / Using LinkedIn for policy roles Contents ▾ Tips & Resources Updated 15th Jun 2026 12 min read Share Using LinkedIn for policy roles This guide explains how to effectively use LinkedIn to build your professional network and identify and pursue policy-focused roles (e.g. in Congress, think tanks, state legislatures).
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Outline:
(00:51) How to optimize your profile
(06:41) Examples: About sections
(06:54) "About" section examples
(09:22) What to post and share
(10:39) How to search for policy jobs on LinkedIn
(12:41) Using LinkedIn to build your policy network
(13:26) Who should you message?
(14:28) What should you say?
(16:58) Further resources
(17:04) Notes
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 9 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
February 19th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/using-linkedin-for-policy-roles
A political campaign is an organized effort to elect candidates to public office or pass ballot initiatives such as constitutional amendments, legislative referenda, or local ordinances.
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Outline:
(02:04) Campaign types, organization, and roles
(02:09) Campaign types
(04:47) Primary and general election campaigns
(07:42) Competitive campaigns and partisan campaign committees
(10:31) Legislative campaigns
(13:21) Executive campaigns
(14:08) Judicial campaigns and ballot initiatives
(15:28) Organization and roles
(17:45) Campaign finance
(18:47) Working on a transition team
(21:31) Campaign timelines
(23:40) Personal fit: Pros & cons to campaign work
(23:56) Pros
(24:55) Building experience, skills, and networks
(26:13) Career advancement
(30:23) Civic engagement
(31:22) Cons
(34:45) Testing your fit for campaign work
(36:09) Getting a political campaign role
(36:56) Choosing a campaign: a framework and tool
(38:54) Additional considerations for choosing a campaign
(42:30) Typical campaign salary
(43:40) Finding a job and the hiring process
(45:14) Preparing for an interview
(46:44) What comes next: post-campaign employment
(51:33) Transitioning from campaigning to post-campaign work
(52:51) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
January 31st, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/political-campaigning
---
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This guide covers the fundamentals of US export controls and their role in shaping emerging technologies. It walks through the export control process and key players, then discusses career opportunities in export control policy.
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Outline:
(00:09) Overview
(01:32) Why does the government use export controls?
(02:23) Export control basics
(03:07) What gets controlled
(04:21) How controls work
(06:26) Controls beyond US borders
(08:08) Unilateral and multilateral controls
(09:14) Export controls and emerging technology
(10:25) Why (not) work on export controls?
(10:29) The case for impact
(12:09) The case for professional growth
(14:00) Factors limiting the effectiveness of some export controls
(16:51) The export controls process: Who's involved?
(19:15) Strategy and agenda-setting
(20:01) Regulatory development, license review, and enforcement
(20:43) Developing controls
(22:41) License review
(24:21) Enforcement
(26:25) Oversight
(28:39) Working on export controls: types of roles and career opportunities
(29:03) Preparing for export control work
(31:53) Appendices: Brief history of export controls
(32:06) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 10 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
April 2nd, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/areas/export-controls
---
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This guide covers the fundamentals of US regulatory policy at the federal level and its role in shaping emerging technologies. It walks through the regulatory process and key players, and discusses career opportunities in regulatory policy.
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Outline:
(00:09) Overview
(01:18) Why does the government regulate?
(03:33) Regulatory policy basics
(07:19) Types of regulation
(07:29) Policy areas and their regulators
(08:00) Regulatory tools
(08:43) Federal vs. state regulation
(10:04) Regulation and emerging technology
(11:16) Why (not) work on regulatory policy?
(11:21) The case for impact
(13:36) The case for professional growth
(15:05) Some tradeoffs
(17:27) The regulatory process: Who's involved?
(20:05) Setting the agenda
(20:40) Drafting regulations
(23:30) Interagency review and clearance
(25:34) Public comment and consultation
(26:53) Finalization and publication
(29:24) Implementation and enforcement
(32:54) Oversight
(34:42) Working on regulatory policy: types of roles and career opportunities
(35:20) Preparing for regulatory policy roles
(38:34) Appendix: Day-in-the-life
(38:48) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 13 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 11th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/areas/regulatory-policy
---
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This guide explains how the US government develops and uses technical standards and evaluations and how they intersect with emerging technology policy. It outlines key institutions and processes and discusses considerations and opportunities for working in this space.
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Outline:
(00:11) Overview
(02:16) Why does the government use technical standards and evaluations?
(04:39) Technical standards and evaluations basics
(04:44) What are technical standards?
(06:57) What are evaluations?
(08:38) The lifecycle of standards and evals
(09:44) Who makes standards?
(12:28) How US agencies adopt and use standards
(15:45) Standards & evaluations for emerging technology
(16:29) AI
(18:29) Biosecurity and life sciences
(21:45) Why (not) work on technical standards & evaluations?
(22:02) The case for impact
(24:09) The case for professional growth
(25:24) Limitations
(27:34) How does the USG engage with standards? Who's involved?
(29:16) Agencies creating standards themselves
(31:56) Agencies participating in external (non-governmental) standard-setting bodies
(33:06) Agencies or legislators adopting or referencing external standards
(35:01) Working on standards & evals: types of roles and career opportunities
(35:25) Preparing for standards & evals roles
(40:20) Appendices: Day-in-the-life
(40:34) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 4 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
March 26th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/areas/technical-standards-and-evaluations
This guide explains how and why the US government funds R&D, outlines key institutions and processes, and discusses considerations and opportunities for working in R&D policy.
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Outline:
(00:09) Overview
(01:39) Why does the government invest in R&D?
(04:39) Federal R&D funding basics
(09:02) Funding models and mechanisms
(12:42) Federal R&D funding and emerging technology
(25:10) Why (not) work on federal R&D funding?
(25:16) The case for impact
(28:36) The case for professional growth
(30:26) Some tradeoffs
(33:43) The funding process: Who's involved?
(35:26) Budget and policy direction setting
(45:34) Grant-making and program execution
(47:26) Conducting the actual R&D
(50:13) Coordination
(52:52) Oversight
(54:46) Working on R&D funding: types of roles and career opportunities
(55:24) Preparing for R&D funding roles
(59:20) Appendices: Day-in-the-life & a brief history of federal R&D funding
(01:08:54) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 36 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
July 4th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/federal-rd-funding
---
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Short-term policy programs can help you build expertise, network with professionals, and explore policy careers. This post highlights a range of policy seminars, workshops, and courses, typically running from 2-3 days to 6 weeks, many of which are free or offer stipends.
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Outline:
(01:08) General policy opportunities
(10:22) Science and tech policy opportunities
(15:06) Programs for students from specific universities
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
March 7th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/short-term-policy-programs
The FTC is an independent federal agency of the US government with a dual mission to promote fair competition and protect American consumers from predatory or misleading business practices.
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Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:11) Background on FTC
(02:22) Organizational structure
(03:46) FTC and AI policy
(03:50) FTC components working on AI policy
(05:27) Recent AI-related developments at FTC
(08:24) Working at FTC
(09:19) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
March 26th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/federal-trade-commission
---
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State oversees US foreign policy, negotiating treaties, managing diplomatic missions, and representing the US in international bodies.
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Outline:
(00:21) Overview
(02:11) Background on State
(04:08) Organizational structure
(06:47) Workforce
(09:07) Department of State and AI policy
(10:16) Major recent AI-related developments at State
(13:42) State offices working on AI-related policy
(14:02) Department of State and biosecurity policy
(17:15) Major recent biosecurity-related developments at State
(21:22) State offices working on biosecurity-related policy
(21:40) Working at State
(24:07) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
September 23rd, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/department-of-state
---
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a non-regulatory agency in the Department of Commerce that serves as the US national measurement institute.
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Outline:
(00:11) Overview
(01:39) Background on NIST
(03:26) Organizational structure
(07:27) NIST and AI standards
(09:35) NIST and bio standards
(11:32) Working at NIST
(13:10) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
December 28th, 2025
---
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This guide explains how the US government develops and uses technical standards and evaluations and how they intersect with emerging technology policy. It outlines key institutions and processes and discusses considerations and opportunities for working in this space.
---
Outline:
(00:11) Overview
(02:16) Why does the government use technical standards and evaluations?
(04:39) Technical standards and evaluations basics
(04:44) What are technical standards?
(06:56) What are evaluations?
(08:37) The lifecycle of standards and evals
(09:43) Who makes standards?
(12:26) How US agencies adopt and use standards
(15:39) Standards & evaluations for emerging technology
(16:24) AI
(18:28) Biosecurity and life sciences
(21:55) Why (not) work on technical standards & evaluations?
(22:12) The case for impact
(24:18) The case for professional growth
(25:32) Limitations
(27:43) How does the USG engage with standards? Whos involved?
(29:24) Agencies creating standards themselves
(32:05) Agencies participating in external (non-governmental) standard-setting bodies
(33:16) Agencies or legislators adopting or referencing external standards
(35:09) Working on standards & evals: types of roles and career opportunities
(35:35) Preparing for standards & evals roles
(40:30) Appendices: Day-in-the-life
(40:44) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 4 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
March 26th, 2026
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/technical-standards-and-evaluations
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a non-regulatory agency in the Department of Commerce that serves as the US national measurement institute.
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Outline:
(00:50) Overview
(03:17) Background on Commerce
(05:04) Organizational structure
(06:03) Commerce and AI policy
(07:09) Recent AI-related developments at Commerce
(14:23) Commerce offices working on AI policy
(14:41) Commerce and biosecurity policy
(16:02) 2022. National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan
(16:47) Recent biosecurity-related developments at Commerce
(20:40) Commerce offices working on biosecurity policy
(20:59) Working at Commerce
(22:04) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
February 18th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/department-of-commerce
---
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HHS plays a crucial role in healthcare, public health, medical research, and social services. It's responsible for preparing for and responding to biological threats, including via CDC, ASPR, NIH, and FDA.
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Outline:
(00:25) Overview
(02:04) Background on HHS
(03:37) HHS and biosecurity policy
(05:09) 2022. National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan
(05:47) Major recent biosecurity-related developments at HHS
(12:00) Organizational structure
(13:28) Office of the Secretary (OS)
(14:54) Operating divisions
(15:32) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
(17:41) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
(19:45) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
(21:00) Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR)
(22:34) Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H)
(24:38) Working at HHS
(26:39) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/department-of-health-and-human-services
---
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ARPAs are specialized R&D funding entities designed to accelerate technological breakthroughs across national defense, intelligence, energy, and health.
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Outline:
(00:11) Overview
(02:40) Organization
(04:48) The ARPA model
(10:45) Personal fit: Why (not) work at an ARPA
(11:01) Advantages
(12:45) Disadvantages
(15:20) The ARPAs and emerging technology R&D
(15:56) Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA)
(19:08) Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)
(21:06) Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H)
(22:21) Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)
(23:50) Types of roles
(28:50) How to get an ARPA job
(29:30) Early- and mid-career opportunities
(30:03) PM roles
(34:56) Researching ARPA programs relevant to emerging technology
(36:56) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 15 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
May 14th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/arpas
---
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We generally advise against pursuing a PhD for policy work. This guide explains why, gives exceptions to this advice, and offers strategies for optimizing a PhD program for policy work.
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Outline:
(01:21) Why we typically advise against PhDs
(02:53) The high opportunity cost of PhD programs
(05:11) PhDs are optimized for academic careers, not policy careers
(06:57) When a PhD makes sense for policy work
(07:16) You're targeting institutions that prize PhDs
(09:56) You want to keep the option of an academic career open
(11:04) You want to specialize deeply in a technically complex topic (and alternatives to PhDs are insufficient)
(12:25) You aim for specific high benefit-to-cost PhD programs
(13:53) PhD programs optimized for policy careers
(14:11) Key criteria for policy-focused PhD programs
(16:30) Policy-oriented PhD programs to consider
(21:10) Optimizing your PhD for policy impact
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 15 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 25th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/phds
---
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DOE oversees energy policy, scientific research, and the nuclear arsenal, being the largest US government funder of physical science research. It significantly contributes to science and technology development and policy, including AI and biosecurity, particularly via its national labs.
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Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:50) Background on DOE
(03:55) Organizational structure
(06:14) DOE and AI policy
(07:47) Advances in the national labs
(09:06) Major recent AI-related developments at DOE
(14:10) DOE offices working on AI policy and research
(14:30) DOE and biosecurity policy and research
(17:09) 2022. National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan
(17:44) Major recent biosecurity-related developments at DOE
(20:59) DOE offices working on biosecurity policy and research
(21:20) Working at DOE
(23:25) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 16th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/department-of-energy
---
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We generally advise against pursuing a PhD for policy work. This guide explains why, gives exceptions to this advice, and offers strategies for optimizing a PhD program for policy work.
---
Outline:
(01:21) Why we typically advise against PhDs
(02:54) The high opportunity cost of PhD programs
(05:12) PhDs are optimized for academic careers, not policy careers
(06:58) When a PhD makes sense for policy work
(07:17) You're targeting institutions that prize PhDs
(09:57) You want to keep the option of an academic career open
(11:05) You want to specialize deeply in a technically complex topic (and alternatives to PhDs are insufficient)
(12:27) You aim for specific high benefit-to-cost PhD programs
(13:55) PhD programs optimized for policy careers
(14:13) Key criteria for policy-focused PhD programs
(16:34) Policy-oriented PhD programs to consider
(21:14) Optimizing your PhD for policy impact
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 15 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
November 24th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/graduate-school/phd-advice-for-policy-careers
---
Images from the article:
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We generally advise against pursuing a PhD for policy work. This guide explains why, gives exceptions to this advice, and offers strategies for optimizing a PhD program for policy work.
---
Outline:
(01:22) Why we typically advise against PhDs
(02:54) The high opportunity cost of PhD programs
(05:14) PhDs are optimized for academic careers, not policy careers
(06:59) When a PhD makes sense for policy work
(07:18) You're targeting institutions that prize PhDs
(09:57) You want to keep the option of an academic career open
(11:06) You want to specialize deeply in a technically complex topic (and alternatives to PhDs are insufficient)
(12:27) You aim for specific high benefit-to-cost PhD programs
(13:55) PhD programs optimized for policy careers
(14:13) Key criteria for policy-focused PhD programs
(16:41) Policy-oriented PhD programs to consider
(21:21) Optimizing your PhD for policy impact
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 15 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
November 24th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/phd-advice-for-policy-careers
---
Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
Passing a background check and receiving clearance is among the biggest barriers to federal employment. This can make holding an active clearance (or being eligible for one) one of the most valuable assets for advancing your federal career.
---
Outline:
(01:12) Levels of background checks and security clearances
(04:24) What's the process for getting a security clearance?
(07:54) What roles do you need a security clearance for?
(08:34) What can disqualify you (and how to mitigate it)
(23:34) Security clearance tips
(26:10) FAQ
(26:27) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 17 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 12th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/partisan-affiliation/security-clearance
---
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NNSA maintains and secures the US nuclear weapons stockpile, works to prevent nuclear proliferation and terrorism, powers the US Navy through nuclear propulsion, and responds to nuclear and radiological emergencies domestically and abroad.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:22) Background on NNSA
(02:40) Organizational structure
(04:28) NNSA and AI policy
(06:08) Recent AI developments at NNSA
(08:56) NNSA components working on AI policy
(09:15) Working at NNSA
(09:18) Full-time roles
(10:45) Internships and fellowships
(12:08) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 5 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 10th, 2025
---
Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
Passing a background check and receiving clearance is among the biggest barriers to federal employment. This can make holding an active clearance (or being eligible for one) one of the most valuable assets for advancing your federal career.
---
Outline:
(01:12) Levels of background checks and security clearances
(04:23) What's the process for getting a security clearance?
(07:55) What roles do you need a security clearance for?
(08:34) What can disqualify you (and how to mitigate it)
(23:32) Security clearance tips
(26:08) FAQ
(26:25) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 17 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 11th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/security-clearance
---
Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
Passing a background check and receiving clearance is among the biggest barriers to federal employment. This can make holding an active clearance (or being eligible for one) one of the most valuable assets for advancing your federal career.
---
Outline:
(01:13) Levels of background checks and security clearances
(04:24) What's the process for getting a security clearance?
(07:56) What roles do you need a security clearance for?
(08:36) What can disqualify you (and how to mitigate it)
(23:37) Security clearance tips
(26:13) FAQ
(26:30) Further resources
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 17 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
November 10th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/security-clearances
---
Images from the article:
Apple Podcasts and Spotify do not show images in the episode description. Try Pocket Casts, or another podcast app.
This profile focuses on the civilian activities of the Department of Defense (DOD) under the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and how they relate to AI and biosecurity.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Introduction
(02:33) OSD and AI policy
(05:52) AI-relevant offices within OSD
(06:12) OSD and biosecurity policy
(08:24) Biosecurity-relevant offices within OSD
(08:44) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
October 3rd, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/office-of-the-secretary-of-defense
---
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BIS is the lead agency tasked with administering and enforcing export controls on dual-use items and technology. BIS has become increasingly central to the US government’s AI and biosecurity policy efforts.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:49) Background on BIS
(03:27) History and activities
(06:51) Organizational structure
(07:48) BIS and AI policy
(09:42) Major AI-related developments at BIS
(12:18) BIS offices working on AI policy
(12:36) BIS and biosecurity policy
(14:35) Major biosecurity-related developments at BIS
(16:40) BIS offices working on biosecurity policy
(16:59) Working at BIS
(18:12) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
Last updated:
February 3rd, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/bureau-of-industry-and-security
---
Images from the article:
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Learn how to publish short, policy-relevant pieces in public outlets—including how to choose your topic, article type, and outlet. Publishing articles can help you shape policy debates, build your credentials and reputation, and strengthen your public engagement skills.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(00:40) Why publish in policy outlets?
(02:14) An alternative: Starting your own platform
(03:37) A note of caution
(04:55) Types of articles and policy outlets
(05:10) Types of articles
(06:54) Types of outlets
(07:21) Choosing an outlet
(10:10) What should you write about?
(11:06) Writing about your expertise/research
(12:00) Writing about what's in the news
(12:33) Writing about an outlet's specialization
(13:06) Co-authoring
(14:01) How to write a policy article
(16:01) How to pitch your article
(16:17) Timeline
(17:04) Finding the right editor (and their email)
(18:09) Writing the pitch
(18:59) What to do after your piece is accepted
(20:18) Career opportunities
(21:44) Further reading
(21:50) Appendix: List of outlets
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
September 8th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/publishing-in-policy-outlets
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is the nation's cyber defense agency and national coordinator for critical infrastructure security and resilience.
---
Outline:
(00:12) Overview
(01:33) Background on CISA
(03:00) Organizational structure
(05:19) CISA and AI policy
(06:21) Recent AI-related developments at CISA
(08:44) CISA offices working on AI policy
(09:02) Working at CISA
(11:06) Further reading
(11:11) Experience reports
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 15th, 2025
---
Images from the article:
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Learn how to create and adapt your personal “pitch” in policy settings, from happy hours to informational interviews. Your pitch tells your professional story—your background, motivations, and interests—and is a key part of effective networking.
---
Outline:
(00:33) Why do you need a pitch?
(01:35) Crafting your pitch
(03:21) Example pitches
(06:23) Tips for your pitch
(10:29) Preparing for follow-up questions:
(11:08) Adapting your pitch by audience and context
(17:15) Practicing your pitch
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
June 10th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/tips/pitching-yourself-in-policy-contexts
Learn how to create and adapt your personal “pitch” in policy settings, from happy hours to informational interviews. Your pitch tells your professional story—your background, motivations, and interests—and is a key part of effective networking.
---
Outline:
(00:33) Why do you need a pitch?
(01:34) Crafting your pitch
(03:20) Example pitches
(06:22) Tips for your pitch
(10:40) Preparing for follow-up questions:
(11:18) Adapting your pitch by audience and context
(17:26) Practicing your pitch
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 3 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
June 10th, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/how-to-pitch-yourself-in-policy-contexts
Learn how to publish short, policy-relevant pieces in public outlets—including how to choose your topic, article type, and outlet. Publishing articles can help you shape policy debates, build your credentials and reputation, and strengthen your public engagement skills.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(00:39) Why publish in policy outlets?
(02:43) Types of articles and policy outlets
(02:58) Types of articles
(04:42) Types of outlets
(05:08) Choosing an outlet
(07:57) What should you write about?
(08:55) Writing about your expertise/research
(09:48) Writing about what's in the news
(10:21) Writing about an outlet's specialization
(10:54) Co-authoring
(11:49) How to write a policy article
(13:48) How to pitch your article
(14:04) Timeline
(14:41) Finding the right editor (and their email)
(15:35) Writing the pitch
(16:24) What to do after your piece is accepted
(17:34) Further reading
(17:40) Appendix: List of outlets
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 6 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
June 23rd, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/publishing-in-policy-outlets
TechCongress offers 10-12 month bipartisan full-time congressional fellowships for early- to mid-career professionals with technical experience. No prior policy experience is required.
---
Outline:
(00:10) What are policy fellowships?
(02:26) Tips for a successful fellowship
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
---
First published:
September 19th, 2023
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/pathways/policy-fellowships
The military departments—Army, Navy, and Air Force—organize, train, and equip the US armed forces. They play central roles in AI and biosecurity through large-scale R&D programs, operational testing, and technology adoption for national defense.
---
Outline:
(00:10) Overview
(01:28) Organization
(04:03) Military departments and emerging technology
(05:52) AI R&D and deployment
(06:35) Bio R&D and deployment
(07:04) Department of the Army (DA)
(08:18) Organization
(09:58) DA and AI policy
(10:35) DA and bio policy
(11:08) Department of the Navy (DON)
(11:52) Organization
(14:20) DON and AI policy
(15:46) DON and bio policy
(17:27) Department of the Air Force (DAF)
(18:08) Organization
(20:03) DAF and AI policy
(20:48) DAF and bio policy
(21:20) Working in the military departments
(21:46) Types of employment
(22:30) Example roles
(22:50) Internships and fellowships
(23:41) Full-time jobs
(24:21) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 27 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
First published:
May 23rd, 2025
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/executive-branch/us-military-departments
---
Images from the article:
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Think tanks are useful launching pads for careers in public service. This article explains how think tank work can allow you to contribute to policy change and enhance your professional development.
---
Outline:
(00:12) About this guide
(01:57) Key takeaways
(03:06) Focus on DC think tanks
(04:03) Why might you (not) want to work at a DC think tank?
(05:05) Contributing to policy change
(08:05) Limitations to think tank contributions
(09:49) Professional development
(10:19) Building a network, including mentors and sponsors
(12:52) Increasing your understanding of the policy world
(15:47) Building policy-relevant skills
(16:50) Gaining a valuable policy credential and becoming a recognized expert
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 2 footnotes which were omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
January 13th, 2024
Source:
https://emergingtechpolicy.org/institutions/think-tanks/1-what-and-why
NEC and DPC advise the president and coordinate policymaking processes for economic and domestic issues. Both have supported the development and implementation of major AI or biosecurity policy initiatives.
---
Outline:
(00:12) Overview
(01:09) Background on NEC and DPC
(02:43) Organizational structure
(03:12) Council members
(04:30) Council staff
(06:18) Activities
(09:06) The honest brokers
(12:37) NEC, DPC, and emerging technology policy
(13:19) Recent AI-related developments at NEC and DPC
(14:48) Recent bio-related developments at DPC
(15:22) Working at NEC and DPC
(18:06) Further reading
---
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in emerging technology policy, complete our Policy Career Interest Form, and we may be able to match you with opportunities suited to your background and interests.
The original text contained 1 footnote which was omitted from this narration.
---
Last updated:
November 29th, 2024
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