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    Kinsella On Liberty

    Austro-Anarchist Libertarian Legal Theory

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    Latest Episodes:
    KOL135 | Life, Liberty and Proper Tea Jul 22, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 135. My discussion with Bernie Greene of the Life, Liberty and Proper Tea podcast, released July 18, 2014. From his shownotes: "Stephan Kinsella has made some profound contributions to the liberty philosophy. Here we touch on the nature of law in a free society, IP, democracy vs other forms of tyranny and, of course, pipe smoking. https://stephankinsella.com/ And this is Stephan’s podcast feed. It includes some incredibly interesting stuff including an entire lecture series on Libertarian Legal Theory. I’ve listened to many of the podcasts several times. Truly excellent stuff. https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/kinsella-on-liberty/id595093254"


    KOL134 | This Week in Law 267: Eleemosynary, My Dear Watson Jul 21, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 134. [Update: Transcript is here, and appended below.] This is my appearance as a Guest panelist on This Week in Law, Episode 267 (July 18, 2014). Brief description: “Are patent trolls losing ground? Dish Anywhere in the Aereo aftermath, FCC gets 1 million comments on U.S. net neutrality debate and more!" Once again, the hosts and the other guest were congenial to my radical anti-IP views, and the other guest, law professor Harry Surden, basically acknowledged that there is no clear empirical evidence in favor of the patent system. (BTW the title of the show stemmed from my use of the fancy SAT word eleemosynary—it's used in Louisiana law on occasion, which is how I know, but it is obscure, but a fun word, so I had to drop it in the conversation... Some of my previous posts related to some of the topics discussed: Net Neutrality Developments Against Net Neutrality A Libertarian Take on Net Neutrality Costs of the Patent System Revisited Yet Another Study Finds Patents Do Not Encourage Innovation Patent trolls as mafioso (and that’s a compliment) My previous two appearances on TWiL were: KOL104 | This Week in Law 97: God Creates. We Patent. IP, Net Neutrality, etc (2011) and KOL103 | This Week in Law 133: Beyonce, Bad Laws, and Breastaurants (2011). Transcript THIS WEEK IN LAW 267 (TRANSCRIPT) Aug 11th 2014 This Week in Law Episode 267 - Jul 18 2014 Google, Dropbox, Canon and other c… Denise Howell: Next up on This Week in Law, Stefan Kinsella and Harry Surden join Evan Brown and me. We’ll talk about the FCC getting the soppa treatment, piloting a Nautilus through SCOTUS’ patent wonderland. We’re going to have some other strange boats, too. And talk about the law’s role regarding kids’ cruelty on social media. Much more too on This Week in Law. Netcasts You Love, From People You Trust. This is TWiT! (TWiT logo) Bandwidth for This Week in Law is provided by CacheFly at CacheFly.com (CacheFly logo) Advertisement: This is TWiL, This Week in Law, with Denise Howell and Evan Brown, Episode 267 recorded July 18, 2014 Eleemosynary, My Dear Watson Denise: (bagandbaggage.com - @dhowell) Hi folks, I’m Denise Howell. And you’re joining us for This Week in Law, thank you so much for joining us. We are thrilled to have you and we hope you will be thrilled to be here. We have an awesome panel for you today. We haven’t done too much on the Supreme Court’s recent patent decisions and we’re definitely going to get to that today, plus a whole bunch of other great stuff at the intersection of law and technology. And to help us understand it all, we’ve got Stephan Kinsella joining us once again here on the show. Hello Stephan. Stephan Kinsella: (stephankinsella.com - @nskinsella) Hello. Denise glad to be here. Denise: Great to have you back. What’s going on with you these days? Stephan: Well, trying to stay out of the Houston see in the summer, but having a good summer and following all these patent cases and IP developments. It’s interesting to watch, but so far everything is going very well. The good thing about being on your show, I save time I listen to it anyway, so I can save the podcast for a walk. Denise: That’s wonderful; great, we could save you some time. And make room for somebody else in your podcast lineup. Also joining us a return visitor to TWiL is Harry Surden from University of Colorado law school at Boulder. Harry Surden: (harrysurden.com - @HarrySurden) Hey, Denise. How are you? Denise: I’m doing well, thank you so much for joining us. Great to have you back. Harry: It’s really great to be back. Denise: So, tell us about Boulder in the summertime; make us all jealous. Harry: Boulder in the summer is outstanding. I mean, I can’t say enough about it. There’s millions of hikes just within the city’s borders and it’s beautiful. This has been a particularly mild summer. And it’s sunny almost every day and it’s quite lovely, I must say. Denise: (laughter) I knew that was going to be the case. Just, you know, hoping for. Maybe random thunderstorm shaking things up for you but. Actually, no, we wish you a wonderfully beautiful summer. And also enjoy the lovely summer weather in Chicago, Illinois is Evan Brown. Hello Evan. Evan Brown: (infolawgroup.com -@internetcases). Hi, Denise. Yes, I am thrilled to be here and as nice as it would be to be in Boulder, I guess the second best place is to be sitting in front of a computer somewhere else on TWiL. Talking with the three of you. This ought to be a lot of fun, so it’s great to be here. Denise: The weather’s always good on TWiL. Evan: That’s right, it’s always sunny here. Denise: Good climate control. All right, well, let’s check out the patent on, the patent climate recently in the wake of a couple important Supreme Court decisions. And some other good patent news. So let’s go there first. (Advertisement: music playing, black background; white wording: it’s patent time) Denise: Let’s head into wonderland via Nautilus if we can. The couple of big cases out of the Supreme Court this year. One called Alice, one called Nautilus. And really need to have a better understanding of these because they are already being applied by other courts. So let’s start with Stephan. Stephan can you tell us the significance of each of these cases, and sort of your take on them. Stephan: Well, I think generally, the significance is a few things. The courts have been pretty much unanimous with its most of its patent rulings. They pretty much reversed the federal court, the Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit in most of the recent holdings. And it seems like they’re basically, trying to clarify the law. Have it be more certain, which was one of the goals of the Federal Circuit in the first place, which it seems to have not done too good a job of, in recent years. And also to sort of push the rules slowly in a direction towards clamping down on frivolous patents, frivolous patent claims, patent troll assertions, things like that. I don’t think we want to give too much into the boring patent lawyer weeds but, you know, there are different aspects of patent law. One of them is the requirement to have an enabling disclosure another is to have enough specificity your claims. And The Nautilus case, I thought was pretty good, because it’s really going to affect patent trolls a lot in companies that assert patents that have vague claims. It’s basically an attempt to impose certainty on the law. One of the justifications for patent law, is that it’s similar to property law and that the claims sets out the metes and bounds of property. And usually in the case of land, say, you can see the bounds pretty easily, or at least its determinable. And in a patent, you have to use words to describe the metes and bounds of the patent claim. If you don’t clearly defined it, then you have just created a lot of in certainty and this can be used in legal bullying by or even extortion as some call it by the patent owner because the target of the patent assertion is not sure they are not sure if they will win or not, because it’s not clear what is claimed. To be honest, I think patent lawyers and take advantage of this, sometimes they will throw in extra claims which have an intentionally broad, I’m sorry they aspect because they figure they may be can get this past the examiner. And it doesn’t really hurt your client to have a paid claim. The patentee does not suffer any cost what so ever from having a vague claim in the patent as long as some of the other ones are clear. Because you can always theoretically use that vague claim in defense or for offensive reasons. And so, patent attorneys will take advantage of the system and patentee’s will as well. So I think it is good, what the court did was basically they clamped down on the standards that you can use to overturn a claim for being too indefinite, okay? They made it easier to do that, so I think that is a good move. And, some of the other cases they are also ratcheting back on the scope of patentable subject matter. But probably the most import thing is that the fact that most of these rulings are unanimous, and so there is at least a fairly clear ruling. I can’t say the same thing about their copyright rulings, like in the Aereo case, but it’s at least in the patent fields, I think they are basically doing the CAFC job for them. So the idea of whether we need the CAFC is becoming scrutinized. If everything is going too appealed to the Supreme Court anyway. Why do we need a federal appellate court that is effectively the junior Supreme Court for patents? Why not have a diverse multi-circuit system like we have in other federal appellate litigation, where different circuits can approach each other and we can learn? The Supreme Court can decide conflicts if they have to. So, that’s a summary of some of the trends that are going on now in these patent cases. Denise: Right, and for anyone not to on their lawyerly acronyms; CAFC would be the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit. The court that hears patent cases and has jurisdiction over them. Harry how is the Federal Circuit Court of Appeal faring these days? Harry: Well, let me just, before I answer that. Let me just, comment that I really agree that the single biggest force driving patent law at the Supreme Court for the last 10 years or so has been patent trolls and most of your viewers may know what patent trolls are. But for those who don’t. These are folks who are variously called nonpracticing entities or patent assertion entities, but basically companies that tend not to make actual physical products, but just tend to buy patents and make the money by suing on patents usually against companies that actually make things like technology companies or provide goods and services. So they are, it is a controversial business model to be buying patents fo


    KOL133 | IP Bonanza on Declare Your Independence with Ernest Hancock Jul 21, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 133. I appeared on Ernie Hancock's show for all 3 hours of the July 9, 2014 episode to discuss intellectual property and related issues in detail. We discussed the constitutionality of IP, cryptocurrency/bitcoin, and related matters. This was a followup to the June 18 episode which featured Reed Jessen who was speaking about a way to fight patent trolls, which I called into. My previous appearances on Ernie's show: KOL089 | Declare Your Independence with Ernest Hancock radio: Intellectual Property, L. Neil Smith and KOL060 | Guest on Ernest Hancock’s Declare Your Independence radio show: intellectual property and libertarianism (2010).


    KOL132 | AMA with Shanklin Jun 23, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 132. Michael Shanklin passed on to me a variety of questions on libertarian theory and applications for his Voluntary Virtues network. I'll be a regular guest monthly. Relevant links: Fraud, Restitution, and Retaliation: The Libertarian Approach.


    KOL131 | Tesla Embraces Competition: Case of Patents Foregone Jun 15, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 131. Jeff Tucker and I discuss the recent announcement by Tesla that it will cease enforcing its patents. Relevant links: All Our Patent Are Belong To You, By Elon Musk, CEO, Tesla Tucker, Tesla Shock: A Company Favors Competition Kinsella, The Patent Defense League and Defensive Patent Pooling


    KOL130 | Bad Quaker: Kinsella and Tucker on Abortion, … May 24, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 130. From the Bad Quaker podcast with host Ben Stone, Jeff Tucker and I discuss a variety of libertarian issues, including abortion and the like. https://youtu.be/QffkDMlH2iA Update: Here is the (lightly edited) text of the email I sent Tucker and Stone a few hours before the podcast, that was alluded to at the end: There is something I've been chewing over in my mind lately that I've been thinking about discussing or putting on a podcast, and I'll briefly mention below, in case you two think this is worth talking about. It concerns the interrelationship between concepts of aggression, self-ownership, and homesteading of external resources. Basically libertarians sometimes treat aggression as a primary, and then struggle with including trespass to property as a case of it, ... so then some of them finally admit that aggression depends on property rights-you need to know who owns an apple before you can tell if someone's forceful taking of it (or keeping of it) is "aggression or not." But then you get them turn around and apply property-ownership principles that apply to the apple--like contracts and homesteading--back to one's body, after all one is a "self-owner" and therefore, "just like" the way you own the apple was by homesteading and you can have a contract to sell it, you also gain ownership of your body by homesteding and you can also sell it (voluntary slavery). I think Walter Block employs a version of this reasoning, and I've heard others employ variations of it. (A similar fallacy is the twin pair of related ideas: if you own something, that implies that you can sell it; and if you sell something, that implies you must own it first. The former idea, which is based on a flawed idea about the origin and nature of property rights and contract theory, is used to justify voluntary slavery; the second, which is based on a flawed understanding of contract theory, is used to justify intellectual property.) I've thought about this of the years, and kept toying in my mind with Rand's (to my mind original) expression of the non-initiation of force principle. Similar to the way I toyed with self-ownership and finally figured it out due to Hoppe's insights on this very topic, combined with his singular focus on economic scarcity as the touchstone of property (something Rothbard didn't do, whcih is why he went astray on IP and a couple other fairly minor issues having to do with contract theory). Rand didn't do it either, which is why she also was a bit fuzzy, beyond her NAP. What Hoppe made me realize (as I discuss in How We Come To Own Ourselves) is that there is a difference in the basis of property rights in one's body, and in external resources. It is a difference that is already partially implicit in the elementary formulation of the NAP itself, as Rand and Rothbard formulated it. The difference is this. it is not homesteading that is primary. It is the objective link--some objective, demonstrable link between the owner/claimant and the resource in dispute (an "intersubjectively ascertainable" link, as Hoppe might say in Kantian terms). The purpose of property rights is to allocate or determine an owner of a disputed resource, in the case of a dispute, so as to avoid conflict and to permit resources in general to be used productively. Thus the allocation rule has to be based on some objective criteria, not on something arbitrary, particularizable, or mere verbal decree--since the latter types of basis for deciding who owns something does not fulfill the function of property rights--of avoiding conflict, since if the rule is inherently arbitrary or unfair or particularizable then we cannot expect the people on the receiving end to respect it, so there will just be confict once more (might makes right; war of all against all). And any number of people could simultaneoulsy verbally claim the resource, so that could never be a good way. It has to be an objective criterion that everyone can see and recognize as objectively connecting one of the claimants to the resource in a way that gives him a superior claim to it. That is the objective link test. In the case of one's body, the objective link just is one's direct control over one's body--one's special link to, connection to, one's intimate relationship to one's body. Whether you are atheist or theist, you can see this link exists: one either 'is" one's body, or "inhabits" one's body, or is a soul that "drives" one's body, whatever, in any case, one's "person" is intimately bound up with a particular body. So, in a dispute between A and B over who owns A's body, the answer is: A. Not B. The answer B would be slavery, other-ownership, and there is no way to justify a generalized system of other-ownership as this is particularizable and probably arbitrary too. I would also argue that this is only a presumption. That is, if A is attacking B, B now has the right to use self-defense, which means, to invade A's body without A's consent (you could also say, instead, that A is consenting by attacking B, and this is an okay way to put it, but it might stretch the concept of "consent' a bit much). So, in general, if A and B have a discussion about who owns A's body, B cannot argue he owns A's body, "because he is B" (that is particularizable), for example. But B can point to some objective fact in reality to make a distinction, such as: A is attacking, threatening or has attacked and threatened me, which changes the normal default presumption, etc. In other words, the commission of aggression by one of the parties suffices to change the presumption of equal-status of all parties involved. That is to say, self-defense is justified. That is to say, normally A has a set of rights (self-ownership, or more precisely, body-ownership), but he can forfeit or... "alienate" them, by committing aggression. (I discuss some of this in A Libertarian Theory of Contract: Title Transfer, Binding Promises, and Inalienability. Also, in Defending Argumentation Ethics: Reply to Murphy & Callahan, explaining how Hoppe's argumentation ethics is compatible with some people being treated as slaves/means--you just need a good reason.) Note that this is all implied in the elementary formulation of NAP as Rand and Rothbard did it. Saying aggression is impermissible--meaning the unconsented to use of/invasion of the borders of someone else's body--implicitly recognizes that the person is the owner of his body, just by virtue of it being his body (the objective link of direct control/intimate relationship that Hoppe made more explicit). But it also recognizes that this ownership is only a default presumption, precisely because it implicitly recognizes that defensive force is not prohibited (because the rule itself is specifying that initiatory force is prohibited). By recognizing the legitimacy of defensive force, the rule recognizes that you normally own your body but you can partially or completely forfeit this right, by committing aggression. And only by committing aggression can you lose rights in your body. This is key. The reason is that if you commit some action X that is not aggression (such as: a speech act like "I promise to be your slave") then when B tries to use force against your body, it is aggression. For B's action of domination over A not to be aggression, it would have to be in response to aggression by A. Otherwise, by definition it is initiated force. And this is the problem Walter faces when he argues for voluntary slavery. They want to say that there are two ways you can forfeit or alienate your rights: aggression, and saying certain words. But this does not follow, and is just wrong. A's saying words to B does not violate B's rights. It is not aggression. Therefore, if A decides later not to act as B's slave, and tries to run away, then if B uses force against A, it is aggression. Walter tries to get around this by saying that it's not aggression since B now owns A's body. A's body is B's property. But this is obviously question-begging since it presupposes the promise to sell was effective. But that is what is in question. Walter does not realize that what contracts are effective depends on whether B has a right to use force against A. He thinks it's the other way around: that we determine what contract capacity A has, and then this changes the rights landscape. And the reason he thinks this is his confusion about contracts, as I noted above. He claims to adhere to Rothbard's title-transfer theory of contract, which argues that contracts are not binding promises at all (as most people think of them), but instead are simply transfers of title to a resource, by an owner. Walter formally agrees with this but then by just asserting that a contract to sell your body is effective, he is basically adopting the "enforceable promises" view through the back door since the end result is the same: specific performance, i.e. body alienability. And the reason he makes this mistake is he assumes that if you own something, you can sell it. But ownership is the right to control, not the right to get rid of the right to control. If A has a better claim over his body than B does, because A has a direct link to his body, then this is true even after A makes a promise to B, since A still maintains direct control over his body even after the promise, and thus still has a better claim to it than B. (I tried in vain to get Walter to see this previously: KOL004 | Interview with Walter Block on Voluntary Slavery.; see aslo KOL095 | Interview with Daniel Rothschild on Children’s Rights, Aggression, Contract Theory, Self-Ownership, Voluntary Slavery, and More.) Block, “Does Trespassing Require Human Action? Rejoinder to Kinsella and Armoutidis an Evictionism” The objective link idea implies self-ownership results not from homesteading one's body but from the direct control one has over one's body....


    KOL129 | Guest Lecture to Montessori Students: “The Story of Law: What Is Law, and Where Does it Come From?” May 22, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 129. This is a lesson/lecture I presented to a group of "Upper Elementary" Montessori students today at my son's school, The Post Oak School (Upper El includes 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students, and there were also a few third graders visiting from lower el, who are moving up next year). The students (25 or 30 or so) sat in a group at my feet, and were polite and interested the whole time. They asked many very intelligent and fun questions. I tried not to get too complicated, but did speak in fairly frank and sophisticated terms, tried not to talk down to them or dumb the talk down too much, and almost all of them hung in there till the end. The original plan was to speak for 40 or so minutes then take questions for another 15 or so, but we ended up going about an hour and 7 minutes, and then during lunch I had throng of students throwing more questions at me for another half hour. What amazing students; what an amazing school and educational approach. (This is one reason I love the Montessori approach; see my Montessori, Peace, and Libertarianism.) I included here only the main talk and Q&A, not the lunch banter. (An article prepared by 6th graders in the class, describing the lecture, appears in the first couple of pages of this issue of the class newsletter.) I think this talk is suitable for kids from ages 9 to 16 or so. The notes I used and handed out are reproduced below, with a few links added. For more background on these topics, see the links below, as well as my short article Legislation and Law in a Free Society, adapted from my 1995 JLS article Legislation and the Discovery of Law in a Free Society, which contains detailed references; and my more detailed speech The (State’s) Corruption of (Private) Law, from the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Property and Freedom Society. Update: Some people have asked me for further recommended readings, in legal history, etc. Unfortunately my library is packed away in boxes now for a renovation so I cannot peruse my legal theory/history titles, but from memory and some other notes I have, here are some suggested readings related to the talk. Some of my own personal favorites first: Bruno Leoni, Freedom and the Law Watson, Alan, The Importance of “Nutshells” Herman, Shael, The Louisiana Civil Code: A European Legacy for the United States Giovanni Sartori, Liberty and Law Alan Watson, Roman Law and Comparative Law The Story of Law, by John M. Zane (I haven't finished it yet but liked what read so far) (also online) Arthur Hogue, The Origins of the Common Law See also my post Book Recommendations: Private, International, and Common Law; Legal Theory, and also: The Greatest Libertarian Books and Other Top Ten Lists of Libertarian Books. For some others: A History of American Law, 2d. ed., 1985, Lawrence M. Friedman Trakman, Leon E., The Law Merchant: The Evolution of Commercial Law Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law Buckland, W.W. & Arnold D. McNair, Roman Law and Common Law: A Comparison in Outline The Bramble Bush: On Our Law and Its Study, by Karl N. Llewellyn Jhering, Dr. Rudolph von, The Struggle for Law Harold J. Berman, Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. “The latter is one of the greatest books (not just of law, but of any subject) I’ve ever read; and the former is full of interesting argument and facts. Berman also has a sequel, published a few years ago, that carries the story through the Protestant Reformation, but I haven’t read it yet. I venture to recommend it, sight unseen, on the strength of my admiration of its predecessor.” (Thanks to Robert Higgs.) Alan Watson, The Making of the Civil Law Rosalyn Higgins: Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It Giovanni Sartori, Democratic Theory Merryman, John Henry, The Civil Law Tradition: An Introduction to the Legal Systems of Western Europe and Latin America, 2d. ed. 1985 (book reviews by: Mary Ann Glendon, Robert O. Homes, Jr., Homer, A. M. Honore, and A.T. von Mehren; also Robert A. Pascal (diff book)) See also the sources listed in Tom W. Bell’s discussion of “polycentric law” Update 2: I have no doubt I mangled a few historical and other details in my somewhat extemporaneous exposition. For example, here is one constructive criticism I received: I am a satisfied subscriber to your KOL podcast, which I enjoy very much. I just listened to episode 129 wherein you address a group of elementary-school students. It really made me realize how intellectually void was the time I served in my local government school. Anyway, around the 46 minute mark you got your definitions of robbery and burglary reversed. Hopefully the kids weren't taking notes. Yep. He's right. I got robbery and burglary backwards. Mea culpa! The Story of Law: What Is Law, and Where Does it Come From? Stephan Kinsella Post Oak School, []’s Upper El class May 22, 2014 Discussion Notes/Outline DIFFERENT TYPES OF “LAW” Descriptive: Physics/causal (gravity) (( Update: see Repealing the Laws of Physics, with this amusing, possibly apocryphal, anecdote: "Mr. Cole explained that to do this you would need a trunk FULL of batteries and a LNG tank at big as a car to make that happen and that there were problems related to the laws of physics that prevented them from...The Obama person interrupted and said (and I am quoting here) "These laws of physics? Who's rules are those, we need to change that. (Some of the others wrote down the law name so they could look it up) We have the congress and the administration. We can repeal that law, amend it, or use an executive order to get rid of that problem. That's why we are here, to fix these sort of issues"." )) Economics (supply and demand) Prescriptive/Normative: Moral/ethical (honesty) Legal rules (theft, murder) Must versus should Enforceable Lady Justice (Themis) Blindfold (impartiality) Sword (enforcement) Scales of justice (balance of the parties’ interests) NATURE AND ORIGIN OF (LEGAL) LAW Written law (legislation) Custom, practice, common sense Ancient law: Code of Hammurabi (Babylonian code, 1772 BC) Ten Commandments (14th to 12th century BC) Twelve Tables (Roman Law, 450 BC) Magna Carta (1215) US Constitution (1789) Major modern legal systems English common law UK/England, commonwealth (US, Canada, Australia) European civil law Based on Roman law European countries, South American countries, others Justinian codified Roman law (529-534 AD) Napoleon codified French roman/civil law (Code Napoleon) Exceptions to common law: Louisiana and Quebec have civil codes based on Code Napoleon Scotland in the UK Modern codifications: Uniform Commercial Code Other legal systems Law Merchant (medieval; 11th century) Canon law (Catholic church) Islamic law (Sharia) Jewish law International law Decentralized/customary/court-based law versus legislated law Roman law and common law, versus modern statute or legislation based law Civil law a mixture Common law today becoming a mixture


    KOL128 | “The Peter Mac Show,” discussing the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) (2012) May 16, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 128. From Jan. 2012, an interview by Peter Mac from The Peter Mac Show about the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA).


    KOL127 | FreeDomainRadio with Stefan Molyneux: SOPA, Piracy, Censorship and the End of the Internet? (2011) May 16, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 127. From December 2011, an interview by Stefan Molyneux for his Freedomain Radio program about the evil Stop Online Piracy Act, or SOPA. We discussed the First Amendment violations of and other problems with SOPA. Moly's original video was taken down when he was deplatformed. Youtube transcript and Grok shownotes below. https://youtu.be/lpUo93YnbNA Grok shownotes: Episode Overview: SOPA, Piracy, and Internet Freedom In this episode of Freedomain Radio, host Stefan Molyneux interviews intellectual property critic Stephan Kinsella about the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and broader issues surrounding copyright enforcement. Kinsella provides an overview of SOPA's status, noting its delay until January amid widespread opposition, and criticizes it as a tool for big media industries like the RIAA and MPAA to ratchet up penalties for infringement. He argues that copyright is a government-granted monopoly incompatible with free speech and human liberty, potentially even unconstitutional under the First Amendment. The discussion highlights the tension between copyright's censorship effects and the internet's role as a "copying machine," drawing parallels to the drug war's futile escalation. Historical Context and DMCA Critique Kinsella traces copyright's evolution, referencing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) from the 1990s, which included safe harbor provisions that inadvertently allowed the internet to flourish by shielding ISPs and platforms from liability for user actions. However, he points out abuses like takedown notices, exemplified by Uri Geller's attempts to remove embarrassing footage despite lacking rights. Molyneux concurs, likening it to suing a road maker for a bad driver, and notes how risk-averse platforms side with copyright holders, stifling fair use. The conversation positions SOPA as an unnecessary layer atop the DMCA, potentially breaking DNS protocols and enabling ex parte shutdowns without due process. Impacts of SOPA and Technological Workarounds The hosts discuss SOPA's potential to create "permanent pirate communities" by driving hardcore users offshore with encryption and tools like DeSOPA or MafiaFire add-ons, while inconveniencing law-abiding citizens and chilling speech. Kinsella warns of broader state control, using IP enforcement as a pretext alongside child pornography or terrorism fears, and predicts SOPA's unconstitutionality due to prior restraint issues. Molyneux adds that it could exacerbate civil unrest by suppressing dissent during economic turmoil, and both criticize the "dinosaur mentality" of media industries clinging to outdated models, ignoring studies showing pirates often buy more content. Alternative Business Models and Creative Incentives Exploring life without strict copyright, the duo highlights successful freemium approaches, such as comedian Louis CK earning $1 million in days from a $5 DRM-free video release, or Molyneux's own experience freeing his books and thriving on donations. They advocate tipping-based systems for artists, akin to waiters, and suggest authors like J.K. Rowling could profit via pledges or endorsements. Molyneux emphasizes how low barriers to digital donations enable voluntary support, countering claims of market failure, while Kinsella mocks government-funded innovation panels as bureaucratic absurdities that could cost trillions. Government-Media Alignment and Economic Ramifications The episode delves into motivations behind SOPA, with Kinsella attributing it to media bribery of politicians and state desires for internet control, echoing historical monopolies like the Statute of Anne. Molyneux speculates on an alignment where Hollywood's reliance on government protection ensures pro-state narratives in media, avoiding anti-government films amid social unrest. They warn of job losses as IT firms flee U.S. jurisdiction and investment chills, framing SOPA as rent-seeking with visible gains for media but invisible societal costs. Molyneux's Alignment with Kinsella's Anti-IP Views Throughout the discussion, Molyneux shows strong alignment with Kinsella's anti-IP stance, though he stops short of explicitly calling for the abolition of patent and copyright laws. He actively supports Kinsella's critiques by sharing personal anecdotes, such as releasing his books for free and advocating tipping models, implying copyright hinders better systems. Molyneux counters pro-IP arguments—like diminished creativity without controls—by citing billions of unpaid blogs as evidence against underproduction, and he ridicules piracy loss calculations as "insane." His libertarian framing of SOPA as government overreach and enthusiasm for freemium economies indicate he views IP as unnecessary and harmful, consistent with abolitionist views, but without a direct statement like "abolish copyright." This implicit agreement is evident in his positive engagement and lack of pushback against Kinsella's core arguments. Youtube transcript (cleaned up by Grok): Podcast Transcript: KOL127 | Freedomain Radio: SOPA, Piracy, Censorship, Internet Introduction and Lighthearted Banter 0:00 Stefan Molyneux: All right. Hi, everybody. It's Stefan Molyneux from Freedomain Radio. I have, I guess, the original Steph. I would be the Stef version B, the revision, the beta. This is Stephan Kinsella, who's going to be talking to us about SOAP, if I understand this rightly. The need for more personal hygiene among libertarians. Did I get that correct? 0:14 Stephan Kinsella: That is not what I prepared for today, Steph. 0:20 Stefan Molyneux: So, you haven't showered. That's what you're saying. Okay. So, SOPA. I did some writing on it and some reading on it, and it seems alarming in a way that all these initiatives seem alarming. The only way that I can see what is most alarming about it is, as usual, by what the government says it's never going to be used for. Whatever the government says things are never going to be used for, I assume that's immediately what it's going to start being used for. But I wonder if you could go over what you find most heinous and deleterious about this. Is it imminent? It's coming up for a vote pretty soon. Overview and Status of SOPA Legislation 0:48 Stephan Kinsella: Well, I just heard today or yesterday the most recent news about the status of this bill, which is apparently it is now delayed until January. Last Friday, everyone was worried it was going to be pushed through by the Republicans and, I guess, the Democrats too. Then they delayed it and said it was delayed until January. On Monday, they said, well, we're going to take it up again on Wednesday, which is today. Then they finally said, no, we're going to delay till next year. So, I think we have a little reprieve. But these guys are relentless. The big media, you know, the music industry, the RIAA, the MPAA, the software industries, they are relentless in pressuring Congress to ratchet up the penalties for copyright infringement. I don't think they're going to give up. So, I think it's a matter of time. Maybe it'll be watered down a little bit. Background on Copyright and SOPA 1:39 Stephan Kinsella: Let me give you a little background on what's going on here. As you know, I'm a strong opponent of copyright. I think it's basically a government grant of monopoly privilege, and it is inconsistent with human liberty and human rights. In fact, I think there's a good argument that it's inconsistent with the First Amendment, with free speech rights, because it basically prevents you from publishing or saying certain things. You could even argue that the copyright clause in the US Constitution, which was in 1789, when the Constitution came out, was superseded by the Bill of Rights in 1791, two years later. So, if there's an inconsistency between free speech and the censorship that's wrought by copyright, then the later provision would have to prevail. That's an argument that I haven't heard many people take up, but I do think you could argue that. Most people think that the copyright clause is legitimate and the free speech clause is legitimate, and they recognize there's a tension. So, they say we have to balance these things. 2:40 Stephan Kinsella: So, you have this unprincipled approach, which you and I hear all the time, that the government or the courts have to balance these interests. We have to balance the incentive of copyright and the creativity that it inspires, allegedly, with free speech rights. So, there's a balancing effect. We've had copyright for a long time, and there is tension. Then, in the '90s, this thing called the DMCA, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, was passed, which was a ratcheting up of the power of copyright in the digital age. Luckily, at the time, the proponents of this, I think, did not realize the effect of the safe harbor provisions that some of the opponents insisted be put in, because it basically allowed the internet to flourish. Impact of DMCA Safe Harbor Provisions 3:29 Stephan Kinsella: If those safe harbor provisions had not been put in, the internet may not have taken off. There may not have been a YouTube, a Twitter, or a Facebook. The safe harbor provision basically shields a publisher or an ISP from liability for the allegedly copyright-infringing or defamatory actions of a user who posts on that site, because otherwise, they might be liable for that. Then, the person who claims they're a victim of copyright infringement or defamation could go after the website or the host or the ISP. 4:09 Stefan Molyneux: Right? It's like you wouldn't sue the road maker for a bad driver. 4:15 Stephan Kinsella: Exactly. So, this safe harbor provision is why we have now this kind of arcane system of DMCA takedown notices, which is still not the best system, but at least it's a procedure. There's some due process. There's some understanding of what's going on....


    KOL126 | Intellectual Property and Economic Development (Mises University 2011) May 16, 2014
    Show notes

    Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 126. This is my Mises University 2011 lecture, Intellectual Property and Economic Development (July 27, 2011), perhaps one of my better talks on IP and liberty. The original PowerPoint slides are here. Streanming audio, video, and a googledocs version of the slides are below. An unedited, raw transcript is also appended below (it may be cleaned up in due course). Transcript Mark Thornton: Our first speaker this morning is Stephan Kinsella. He is a patent attorney from Houston and the editor of Libertarian Papers. His lecture this morning is going to be on Intellectual Property and Economic Development. Stephan… Stephan Kinsella: Thanks Mark. I’m very glad to be here at the Mises University. I was here a couple of years ago. It is always a great thing. So let me get started. I have a lot to cover so I will try to go as quickly as possible without going too fast. Most of you should already be familiar with the basic idea of praxeology. There is a reason I’m going to start with this and it will become clearer in a moment. Praxeology is the formal study of the implications of the fact that men use means to attain various ends. What we do is we start with incontestable or a priori propositions that are related to human action and its categories. Primarily, for the purposes of our lecture today, humans employ scarce means to pursue ends. There are, of course, other categories applied in action such as causality, choice, cost, profit, and loss. Now another aspect of economic analysis is contingent facts. After we recognize and establish what the a priori categories of action are, we explicitly introduce certain contingent facts to make the analysis interesting. As Hoppe explains: “Mises explains the entire body of economic theory as implied in and deducible from a conceptual understanding of the meaning of action plus a few general, explicitly introduced assumptions about the empirical reality in which action has taken place”. So, in other words, we make some assumptions to make the analysis more interesting and more relevant to our lives. Mises, of course, talks explicitly about this. The branches of praxeology would include both catalytics and Crusoe economics for example. So, for example, we would assume private property rights and a market to make the analysis interesting. We would assume there is a money society, for example, instead of just barter. Economic analysis presupposes some legal system as well and a property rights framework. In a market economy, this include at least private property and scarce resources and related rights like contract and negotiable instruments, promissory notes and debts, service contracts, and so on. When you see economists reason about a banking system or an economy, they are taking for granted, or they are assuming, that there is in place a certain legal system, a certain respect for private property rights. These are not a priori assumptions. These are explicitly introduced background assumptions about the nature of legal rights that are possessed by actors. Economics is just a branch of praxeology, according to Mises. It is the most developed branch so far. What other branches of praxeology could there be? Of course, economics can include Crusoe economics and catallactics. Mieses said that other branches could include the study of war, game theory, and things like this. Roderick Long has a comment that the way we sometimes use economics is so broad that it is basically the same thing as praxeology so it is not clear what types of fields would not be included in economics that would be praxeology. In any case, you will see Austrians explicity use praxeological analysis and economic analysis to analyze the effects of aggression as well as private property and the free market. For example, Mises analyzes the Hamburg Market economy and State Interventionism. Rothbard analyzes the effects of violent intervention in the market. So, in this case, the explicitly introduced assumptions is the existence of a state and certain interventions in the economy that contravene some type of baseline private property rights that we would analyze in a free market economy situation. Now I bring this up because we want to talk about intellectual property. We need to understand what we mean by the term and how it plays a role in economic analysis. Over the last couple of centuries, in the Western legal systems, the Western legal systems have protected, along with property rights and scarce resources, so called intellectual property or IP rights. It is called industrial property in Europe, primarily. As a general matter, you can think of IP, in the legal sense, as legal rights related to creation of the intellect or the mind. That is why the word intellect is used. It traditionally includes four main types: Patent Copyright Patents are basically a monopoly privilege granted by the state covering the exclusive right to make or use or sell an invention. Think of a mousetrap. A copyright is a similar monopoly privilege to be the exclusive person who can copy or distribute or perform publicly certain original works of expressions like novels or paintings or movies. Trademark Trade Secret Trademark identifies the source of goods. Like the Coca-cola mark tells you you’re getting the Coca-cola from a certain manufacturer. Trade secrets describe useful knowledge that you keep it secret that helps you gain a competitive advantage and that the state provides certain protections for. We’re going to focus primarily on patent and copyright. These aren’t the only rights. These rights arose roughly 200 years ago in the West in a systematic modern form, but, over the years, there have been others added such as boat hold designs, the semiconductor mask work protection, the trademark law was amended in ’95 to add an anti-dilution right. Most of you may be familiar with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 which has resulted in a lot of these take down notices on YouTube. There is a No Electronic Theft Act in 1997. Even the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 have some IP aspects to it. Of course, there is pending legislation in world wide treaties. There is the Anti Counterfeiting Trade Agreement [ACTA] which is pending; the Protect IP Act in the U.S. There is current clamoring for fashion rights. The fashion industry is not currently protected very much by IP and even database rights. Think of the term intellectual property in two different ways. It is used in the legal way that I have been describing to describe state granted rights. It is important here to recognize that patent and copyrights were not originally called property. Fritz Machlup and Edith Penrose did a famous study in 1950 that explained that those who started using the word property in conjunction with inventions had a very definite purpose in mind. They wanted to substitute a word with a respectable connotation, property, for a word that had an unpleasant ring, privilege. So, basically, it was a concerted propaganda campaign to sell these ideas. There was some opposition among free market economists and other people to the idea of the government granting these privileges in a systematic way in a modern free market economy to certain people that applied. Now, if you talk to businessmen and investors, they will often use the term IP, or intellectual property, just to refer to the knowledge that their company has or a given target company has. They don’t really mean patent and copyright. They’ll talk about “my IP” and they mean their secret sauce or the knowledge that the employees have, the way they have of doing things, what makes them unique. This usage is not incompatible with the free market and it has little to do with the state. In this meaning, the investor or the businessman would think of patent or copyright as just one legal way of protecting your knowledge, but it is the same thing as it. For purposes of today’s lecture and for purposes of economic analysis, we need to analyze each type of IP differently. We need to analyze state interventions that protect knowledge differently than the way we analyze the use of knowledge by actors and by entrepreneurs. Let’s think of what the role of scarce resources and knowledge are in action. Both scarce resources and knowledge are essential categories of action. This is why I started with praxeology. The structure of human action is essential to understand for purposes of seeing the role of knowledge and scarce resources. So the role of scarce resources in action, of course, is to be a means. Human action employs scarce means. A scarce means is that which is causally efficacious at achieving your end. So when you act, whether as an entrepreneur or any individual even doing a non-commercial activity, you have some end in mind, some goal you want to achieve. You have to select a means that will help you achieve that. Your action employs that means. These means, as Mises explained, are necessarily scarce. A scarce means is something that can only be used by one actor at a time. If two or more actors attempt to use this means, then there is necessarily conflict. What is the role of knowledge in action? You can think of knowledge as information, recipes as Rothbard called it, ideas. They are a guide to action. As Mises wrote: “Action is purpose of conduct. It is not simply behavior, but behavior begot by judgments of value, aiming at a definite end and guided by ideas concerning the suitability or the unsuitability of definite means”. - from Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science Guido Hulsmann also has some good stuff on this as do a lot of other Austrian writers, including Rothbard. I’ll elaborate on this further on in the lecture, but knowledge enriches and expands the universe of end


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