In Our Time: History

Latest Episodes:

Weber's The Protestant Ethic Mar 27, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Max Weber's book the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Published in 1905, Weber's essay proposed that Protestantism had been a significant factor in the emergence of capitalism, making an explicit connection between religious ideas and economic systems. Weber suggested that Calvinism, with its emphasis on personal asceticism and the merits of hard work, had created an ethic which had enabled the success of capitalism in Protestant countries. Weber's essay has come in for some criticism since he published the work, but is still seen as one of the seminal texts of twentieth-century sociology.

With:

Peter Ghosh Fellow in History at St Anne's College, Oxford

Sam Whimster Honorary Professor in Sociology at the University of New South Wales

Linda Woodhead Professor of Sociology of Religion at Lancaster University.

Producer: Thomas Morris.

Spartacus Mar 06, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life of Spartacus, the gladiator who led a major slave rebellion against the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. He was an accomplished military leader, and the campaign he led contributed significantly to the instability of the Roman state in this period. Spartacus was celebrated by some ancient historians and reviled by others, and became a hero to revolutionaries in 19th-century Europe. Modern perceptions of his character have been influenced by Stanley Kubrick's 1960 film - but ancient sources give a rather more complex picture of Spartacus and the aims of his rebellion.

With:

Mary Beard Professor of Classics at the University of Cambridge

Maria Wyke Professor of Latin at University College, London

Theresa Urbainczyk Associate Professor of Classics at University College, Dublin.

Producer: Victoria Brignell.

Chivalry Feb 13, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss chivalry, the moral code observed by knights of the Middle Ages. Chivalry originated in the military practices of aristocratic French and German soldiers, but developed into an elaborate system governing many different aspects of knightly behaviour. It influenced the conduct of medieval military campaigns and also had important religious and literary dimensions. It gave rise to the phenomenon of courtly love, the subject of much romance literature, as well as to the practice of heraldry. The remnants of the chivalric tradition linger in European culture even today.

Miri Rubin Professor of Medieval and Early Modern History and Head of the School of History at Queen Mary, University of London

Matthew Strickland Professor of Medieval History at the University of Glasgow

Laura Ashe Associate Professor in English at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Worcester College

Producer: Thomas Morris.

The Phoenicians Feb 06, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Phoenicians. The Greek historian Herodotus wrote about a people from the Levant who were accomplished sailors and traders, and who taught the Greeks their alphabet. He called them the Phoenicians, the Greek word for purple, although it is not known what they called themselves. By about 700 BC they were trading all over the Mediterranean, taking Egyptian and Syrian goods as far as Spain and North Africa. Although they were hugely influential in the ancient world, they left few records of their own; some contemporary scholars believe that the Phoenicians were never a unified civilisation but a loose association of neighbouring city-states.

With:

Mark Woolmer Assistant Principal at Collingwood College, Durham University

Josephine Quinn Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Oxford

Cyprian Broodbank Professor of Mediterranean Archaeology at University College London

Producer: Thomas Morris.

Sources of Early Chinese History Jan 23, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the sources for early Chinese history. The first attempts to make a record of historical events in China date from the Shang dynasty of the second millennium BC. The earliest surviving records were inscribed on bones or tortoise shells; in later centuries, chroniclers left detailed accounts on paper or silk. In the last hundred years, archaeologists have discovered a wealth of new materials, including a cache of previously unknown texts which were found in a sealed cave on the edge of the Gobi Desert. Such sources are are shedding new light on Chinese history, although interpreting ancient sources from the period before the invention of printing presents a number of challenges.

With:

Roel Sterckx Joseph Needham Professor of Chinese History at the University of Cambridge

Tim Barrett Professor of East Asian History at SOAS, University of London

Hilde de Weerdt Professor of Chinese History at Leiden University

Producer: Thomas Morris.

The Battle of Tours Jan 16, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Tours. In 732 a large Arab army invaded Gaul from northern Spain, and travelled as far north as Poitiers. There they were defeated by Charles Martel, whose Frankish and Burgundian forces repelled the invaders. The result confirmed the regional supremacy of Charles, who went on to establish a strong Frankish dynasty. The Battle of Tours was the last major incursion of Muslim armies into northern Europe; some historians, including Edward Gibbon, have seen it as the decisive moment that determined that the continent would remain Christian.

With:

Hugh Kennedy Professor of Arabic at SOAS, University of London

Rosamond McKitterick Professor of Medieval History at the University of Cambridge

Matthew Innes Vice-Master and Professor of History at Birkbeck, University of London.

Plato's Symposium Jan 02, 2014

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss Plato's Symposium, one of the Greek philosopher's most celebrated works. Written in the 4th century BC, it is a dialogue set at a dinner party attended by a number of prominent ancient Athenians, including the philosopher Socrates and the playwright Aristophanes. Each of the guests speaks of Eros, or erotic love. This fictional discussion of the nature of love, how and why it arises and what it means to be in love, has had a significant influence on later thinkers, and is the origin of the modern notion of Platonic love.

With:

Angie Hobbs Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield

Richard Hunter Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Cambridge

Frisbee Sheffield Director of Studies in Philosophy at Christ's College, University of Cambridge.

Producer: Thomas Morris.

The Medici Dec 26, 2013

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Medici family, who dominated Florence's political and cultural life for three centuries. The House of Medici came to prominence in Italy in the fifteenth century as a result of the wealth they had built up through banking. With the rise of Cosimo de' Medici, they became Florence's most powerful and influential dynasty, effectively controlling the city's government. Their patronage of the arts turned Florence into a leading centre of the Renaissance and the Medici Bank was one of the most successful institutions of its day. As well as producing four popes, members of the House of Medici married into various European royal families.

With:

Evelyn Welch Professor of Renaissance Studies at King's College, University of London

Robert Black Professor of Renaissance History at the University of Leeds

Catherine Fletcher Lecturer in Public History at the University of Sheffield

Producer: Victoria Brignell.

Pliny the Younger Dec 12, 2013

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life and work of Pliny the Younger, famous for his letters. A prominent lawyer in Rome in the first century AD, Pliny later became governor of the province of Bithynia, on the Black Sea coast of modern Turkey. Throughout his career he was a prolific letter-writer, sharing his thoughts with great contemporaries including the historian Tacitus, and asking the advice of the Emperor Trajan. Pliny's letters offer fascinating insights into life in ancient Rome and its empire, from the mundane details of irrigation schemes to his vivid eyewitness account of the eruption of Vesuvius.

With:

Catharine Edwards Professor of Classics and Ancient History at Birkbeck, University of London

Roy Gibson Professor of Latin at the University of Manchester

Alice König Lecturer in Latin and Classical Studies at the University of St Andrews

Producer: Thomas Morris.

Pocahontas Nov 21, 2013

Show notes

Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the life of Pocahontas, the Native American woman who to English eyes became a symbol of the New World. During the colonisation of Virginia in the first years of the seventeenth century, Pocahontas famously saved the life of an English prisoner, John Smith. Later captured, she converted to Christianity, married a settler and travelled to England where she was regarded as a curiosity. She died in 1617 at the age of 22 and was buried in Gravesend; her story has fascinated generations on both sides of the Atlantic, and has been reinterpreted and retold by many writers and artists.

With:

Susan Castillo Harriet Beecher Stowe Emeritus Professor of American Studies at King's College London

Tim Lockley Reader in American Studies at the University of Warwick

Jacqueline Fear-Segal Reader in American History and Culture at the University of East Anglia

Producer: Thomas Morris.

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