Healthy Lifestyle Pro

Latest Episodes:

Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke Syndromes ｜ PCA Stroke Syndromes Jun 30, 2023

Show notes

"...stroke syndromes are collections of signs and symptoms resulting from Strokes in different regions of the brain or central nervous system in this video we will cover the stroke syndromes associated with Strokes in the territory of the posterior cerebral arteries they Supply the occipital lobe the inferior surface of the temporal lobes as well as some deeper structures such as the thalamus and the midbrain of the brainstem the posterior cerebral arteries arise from the distal end of the basilar artery which itself is formed from the vertebral arteries there is a connection with the anterior circulation via the posterior communicating artery our first syndrome is Alexia without a graph here which means the inability to read without the loss of writing here the affected regions are thus plenum of the corpus callosum and typically left occipital lobe the combination of these two areas being affected results in a pure word blindness meaning that the patient is able to write but is not able to read due to the involvement of the left occipital lobe contralateral homonymous hemianopia may also be present next is a similar syndrome the unilateral occipital stroke syndrome here as the name suggests the occipital lobe on one side side is affected and part of the inferior temporal lobe may also be involved in some instances the primary finding here is a contralateral homonymous hemianopia which may often be the only neurological deficit found we may see macular sparing due to the collateral blood supply to the macular region of the cortex in some instances and no Mia maybe present which is the inability to name in this case it's the inability T2 name colors and objects thirdly we have Anton syndrome also known as cortical blindness this occurs where there is an involvement of both occipital lobes either due to involvement of both posterior cerebral arteries or due to a lesion at the level of the distal basilar artery as a result there is visual loss however an interesting feature is that these patients may not be aware of the vision loss or we take this few our valued loyal listener about the best health and fitness podcast shows from the Nez pod Studios join us as we give you the best of the best health and wellness updates you can rely on for the treatment of chronic health problems classic functional medicine Back to Basics health tips and special updates..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Portal Hypertension - Causes of Portal Hypertension (Pre⧸Intra⧸Post Hepatic Jun 30, 2023

Show notes

"...portal hypertension refers to a higher than normal blood pressure in the portal system a normal range for this pressure is 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury portal hypertension can also be defined as a portal pressure more than 5 millimeters of mercury higher than the pressure in the inferior vena cava so the portal system refers to the portal vein which drains River and the main vessels that link to the portal vein and Superior mesenteric vein which comes from the small intestines the splenic vein which of course carries blood from the spleen the inferior mesenteric connects onto the splenic vein and carries blood from the large intestine but the gastric veins connect also on to the portal vein another thing to note is the umbilical vein which is normally obliterated and becomes the round ligament of the liver but if the pressure in the portal system gets high enough it can reopen varices are dilated veins that from an increased pressure in the portal system inside the liver you have structures known as sinusoids which are specialized capillaries within the liver the hepatocyte of the a separated from these sinusoids by a space known as the space of dese venous blood from the portal system mixes with arterial blood from the hepatic artery in the sign and then flows through into a central vein these Central veins collect together in the hepatic veins which takes blood into the inferior vena cava you can also see a which collects bile produced by the hepatocyte it's and takes it down towards the gallbladder the cell in red that you see inside the sinusoid is a cup for sale A specialized type of Mac the Scavenging and phagocytic activity the orange star shaped cells are important in Portal hypertension and cirrhosis these are hepatic stellate cells found in the space of these that are involved in fiberglass this and scaf formation in response to liver injury so what causes pressure in the portal system to increase the pathophysiology of portal hypertension ultimately comes down to blood being unable to pass smoothly from the portal circulation through the liver and into the inferior vena cava we typically divide the causes into pre hepatic intrahepatic post about it causes but remember that pre hepatic here means before the blood gets into the liver meaning causes in the portal vein itself well post hypnotic causes referred to causes after that two problems involving the inferior vena cava pre hepatic causes include portal vein thrombosis splenic vein thrombosis and arteriovenous malformation and splenomegaly intrahepatic causes include the most common cause cirrhosis which can come from alcohol abuse chronic viral hepatitis metabolic..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Middle Cerebral Artery MCA Stroke Syndromes (With Gerstmann Syndrome & Lesions!) Jun 25, 2023

Show notes

"...stroke syndromes are collections of signs and symptoms resulting from Strokes in different regions of the brain or central nervous system in this video we will cover the stroke syndromes associated with Strokes in of the middle cerebral artery IT supplies in most of the temporal lobe the anterolateral frontal lobe and the parietal lobe the middle cerebral artery comes off the internal carotid and is divided into segments the segments are the M1 or the horizontal segment which is the most proximal part and gives off a lenticular striate a tree which are deeper penetrating arteries that Supply the basal ganglia and surrounding region the M2 segment known as the Sylvian segment is next which typically includes a bifurcation into the superior and inferior segments em three segments a cortical supplying the cortex our first syndrome results from a stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery Superior division which normally supplies the lateral frontal lobe I'm the superior parietal lobes in this syndrome findings include contralateral weakness of the upper Limbs and the lower Limbs and a weakness of the contralateral lower face with a greater effect seen on the face and the Upper Limb rather than the lower limb this is because of the motor homunculus where we see that the areas of the cortex responsible for the legs are supplied more so by the anterior and so a less affected in Middle cerebral artery Strokes also remember that it is the lower part of the face that is affected because this only receives unilateral from the facial nerve while the upper two-thirds receives bilateral Innovation there is also often a Hemi sensory loss on the contralateral side that may affect the face or leg if the stroke involves the dominant hemisphere which is usually the left side then an expressive Aphasia it may be seen as Broca's area is found on the dominant side and is responsible for the production of speech if the stroke is on the non-dominant side then we see a contralateral any neglect where the patient may be unaware or unresponsive to stimulate on one side which may include not being able to recognize their own limbs next we have the middle cerebral artery inferior division..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction Jun 24, 2023

Show notes

"...Danish is a mnemonic to help you remember the cerebellar signs these are signs that indicate the presence of cerebellar lesions d stands for dysdiadochokinesia which is the inability to perform a rapid alternating movement such as flipping one hand against the palm of the other in a coordinated and controlled manner Desmet Rhea is a lack of coordination of movement involving the judgment of distance and this can be seen when asking the patient to reach a particular point with a finger a central Ataxia which literally means we take this few our valued loyal listener about the best health and fitness podcast shows from the Nez pod Studios join us as we give you the best of the best health and wellness updates you can rely on for the treatment of chronic health problems classic functional medicine Back to Basics health tips and special updates from the best doctors in the United States of America check out this health and wellness podcast shows explore Health talk weekly healthy lifestyle matters excellent Health digest healthy and free daily and weekly health and fitness Corner also check out nasty boy CC the truest story never told Fiction podcast for that real-life on-the-go experience with the 27 year old Golden Boy Who made our he tells us about his story as it happens in real time and in real life it's nasty boy CC the truest story never told go get a load of that happiness because happiness is healthy as we know it join us every week continue to provide you the best of health and fitness Wellness updates from around the globe enjoy the show means without coordination and this can affect not only the legs but also the arms trunk and other muscles in the body the most common manifestation we think of in this instance is an unsteady gait it can also be highlighted in the upper limbs by asking the patient to abduct their arms out to the side and then pressing down again and then Letting Go you may then see rebounding with a limb rebounds up Beyond its original position n is for nystagmus which are involuntary uncontrollable I move it can be elicited by asking the patient to move their gaze to the extremities and can have various characteristics including the speed rotation and Direction meaning either 200 vertical beating as well as to the left or to the right I is for intention tremor which is a Tremor that is worsened or exaggerated by movement or when the need for precise movement increases s stands for speech which may be slurred inappropriate or slow while he h stands for hypotonia..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Post Stroke Complications - The most common complications of stroke Jun 23, 2023

Show notes

"...following a stroke there are several complications to be aware of the patient may have brain edema or increased intracranial pressure which can have a detrimental effect on the outcome of that patient this occurs due to Cellular swelling breakdown of the blood-brain barrier leaking of cerebrospinal fluid from the ependymal lining as well as from cellular debris causing an increased osmolality in that affected region this then causes movement of water into the affected space symptoms include headache dizziness nausea and vomiting and you may have signs such as papilledema and a gradual loss of consciousness because of the increased pressure there is also a risk of obstructive hydrocephalus who Nation Mannitol was previously used to reduce intracranial pressure in these patients however a recent study has shown that this may even increase the in-hospital mortality other potential therapies include hyperventilation and diuretics and some sources also specify steroids although the evidence is contradictory surgery involving a craniotomy with a skull is temporarily lifted can also help to reduce the intracranial pressure ischemic Strokes can give rise to a hemorrhagic transformation especially after thrombolytic treatment in the case of hemorrhagic stroke secondary to a subarachnoid hemorrhage the maybe vasospasm following the initial bleed which can then generate infarction which is essentially a secondary stroke to counter this a calcium channel blocker such as numata peen may be given and in the acute setting the patient may be given a cute volume expansion and vasopressin has in an attempt to increase cerebral blood flow infections are another complication of stroke pneumonia can be due to post stroke paralysis with a patient is not able to move well and can suffer atelectasis which is a collapse of part along this generates an environment that Mike I'm growing leading to pneumonia additionally due to swallowing difficulty the patient may be more prone to aspiration and therefore aspiration pneumonia urinary tract infections are also common especially in patients who have an indwelling catheter placed this is because patients with stroke have an increased risk from suppression bladder dysfunction and of course the use of the catheter itself Additionally the fever and systemic inflammatory response associated with the urinary tract infection May impair stroke recovery..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Seizures ｜ Generalized vs Focal Seizures ｜ Causes of Seizures Jun 21, 2023

Show notes

"...seizures are defined as a transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain they are classified into several types the first thing to consider is where the seizure originated in the brain generalized seizures begin involving both hemispheres of the brain previously they were known as primary General seizures on the other hand focal seizures originate from an area on one hemisphere if seizures begin on one Hemisphere and then involve both they known as focal to bilateral seizures this was previously called secondarily generalized seizures the next factor is whether or not the patient keeps their awareness the seizure generalized seizures are automatically considered to affect awareness, therefore, this distinction only applies to focal seizures meaning you either have focal away previously known as simple partial or focal impaired awareness previously complex partial then we have motor or non-motor seizures motor implies the involvement of movement during The Siege generalized seizures May feature stiffening and jerking while focal seizures can have movements such as twitching jerking and stiffening too but they may also feature automatic movements like licking lips or rubbing hands in focal seizures initially one group of muscles may be affected but this abnormal movement can later spread or move to other muscle this occurs due to the abnormal neuronal activity in the brain also moving to a different area this is known as the Jacksonian March generalized non-motor seizures and mostly known as absence seizures were primarily individuals will have changes in awareness and stay focal know look to seizures typically have other symptoms that happen first previously known as an aura this could be changes in sensation in Emotion thinking or there are six main types of generalized seizure the most well-known is the tonic clonic seizure previously known as grand mal here the seizures present contraction of the limbs followed by limb extension and arching of the back usually lasting 10 to 30 seconds at this stage you may also hear what is known as the it cry which is a sound produced due to the contraction of the chest muscles following this the limbs May begin shaking and in total a tonic-clonic would last around two to three minutes atonic seizures as the name suggests present with increased tonicity meaning a sustained contraction similar to the start of the tonic-clonic..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord Jun 20, 2023

Show notes

...the descending Pathways carry motor signals down the spinal cord and a generally divided into pyramidal or extrapyramidal tracts the pyramidal fibers travel through the medullary pyramids of the medulla oblongata which is why they are termed pyramidal these fibers originate in the cerebral cortex and are responsible for the voluntary control of the muscles of the body and the face there are two different tracks that make up the pyramidal tracts these are the corticospinal and corticobulbar tract the corticospinal tract responsible for the control of the body the cell bodies are found within the cerebral cortex with axons converging and passing through the internal capsule followed by the crus cerebri in the midbrain the pons and subsequently arriving into the medulla oblongata at this level around 75% the fibers will it to the other side of the spinal cord and continue down to sign ups with a lower motor neuron in the ventral horns at each level these fibers are known as the lateral corticospinal the other 25% of the fibers that remain on the ipsilateral side will continue as the anterior corticospinal tract and they will continue down ipsilateral e until the cervical and highest thoracic levels where they will decussate and sign ups with their motor neurons as for the corticobulbar tract this is the tract responsible for the voluntary control of the head the face and the neck similarly to the corticospinal tract they originated from the cerebral cortex and pass through the internal capsule however rather than descend into the spinal cord these neurons have their axons sign up sing to the lower motor neurons in the brain stem specifically on to the cranial nerve nuclei...

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Syncope - What is Syncope? Jun 19, 2023

Show notes

"...the definition of syncope is a reversible loss of consciousness that occurs due to an inadequate blood flow to the brain usually their fast onset short duration and a spontaneous recovery so first things first what's the difference between a transient loss of consciousness and sinker beep well a syncope is a form of transient loss of consciousness which can be divided into loss of consciousness due to head trauma or non-traumatic causes under which comes along with syncope do other non-traumatic causes of a transient loss of consciousness include epileptic seizures psychogenic causes and rear causes like the problem clinically with syncope is Discerning the really serious and by that I mean potentially lethal causes of syncope so the causes are divided into Exxon knurled mediated syncope orthostatic hypotension and cardiac causes under reflex mediated we have vasovagal syncope which can be due to author's death that happens when the patient experiences fear phobias such as seeing blood or even pain next we have situational underneath reflex mediated syncope which includes losing Consciousness after death coughing finally for reflux syncope we have carotid sinus syndrome which is where the Carotid baroreceptors react too strongly to detecting an increased pressure leading to an excessive drop in blood pressure and therefore syncope an example is when people put their Ties on too tightly we take this few seconds off to inform you are valued loyal listener about the best health and fitness podcast shows from the Nez pod Studios join us as we give you the best of the best health and wellness updates you can rely on for the treatment of chronic classic functional medicine Back to Basics health tips and special updates from the best doctors in the United States of America check out this health and wellness podcast shows explore Health talk healthy lifestyle matters excellent Health digest healthy and free daily and last but not least weekly health and fitness Corner also check out nasty Boise see the truest story never told for that real life on the go experience with the 27 year old Golden Boy Who made our guest invite number one list he tells us about his story as it happens in real time and in real life it's nasty boy CC the truest story never told go get a load of that happiness because happiness is healthy as we know it join us every week as..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Understanding Parkinson's Disease (Including Direct and Indirect Pathways) Jun 17, 2023

Show notes

"...Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition affecting dopaminergic neurons in the brain leading to Associated motor symptoms neurodegeneration means a progressive irreversible loss of neurons and in Parkinson's disease it is mostly the dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra that's a lost for us to move signals are generated by the cerebral cortex that then pass through the motor pathways and lead to with our muscles and ultimately movement however this process needs to be regulated which is primarily the job of the basal ganglia the substantia nigra is a part of the basal ganglia which are a group of nuclei in the brain all normally there are two main Pathways the direct and indirect pathway the direct pathway is an excitatory pathway that facilitates movement the motor cortex sends excitatory signals via glutamate to the striatum the striatum sends inhibitory signals to the Globus pallidus internus substantia nigra pars reticulata via Gaba these two both release Gaba which normally inhibits Thalamus so in this path there is inhibition of the inhibition on the thalamus giving an overall increased activity of the thalamus which promotes movement the indirect pathway is instead an inhibitory pathway that's purpose is to terminate movement in this case there is an inhibitory Gaba signal from the striatum to the Globus pallidus external Tunis the Globus pallidus external is normally inhibits the subthalamic nucleus which normally stimulates the Globus pallidus internal this means that the indirect pathway increases the inhibitory effect of the Globus pallidus internus on the thalamus and so there is less signal from the thalamus and so there is less move in Parkinson's there is a gradual degeneration of neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta these neurons release dopamine to the striatum in the striatum there are direct pathway neurons that have D1 dopamine receptors and are excited by dopamine and indirect pathway neurons that have dopamine D2 receptors and that inhibited by dopamine overall this means dopamine released from the past compactor..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How to manage Hemorrhagic Stroke - Intracerebral Hemorrhage & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Jun 15, 2023

Show notes

"...stroke is characterized by having poor blood flow to part of the brain leading to cell death they are grossly divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic with around 15 to 20 percent of Strokes being hemorrhagic a hemorrhagic stroke results from the rupture of a blood vessel leading to bleeding compared ischemic stroke that have a sudden occlusion of a blood vessel within hemorrhagic Strokes there are two main types intracerebral meaning bleeding within the brain itself which can be intraparenchymal Hemorrhage weather is bleeding within the brain tissue or an intraventricular Hemorrhage where there is bleeding within the ventricular system of the brain around one intracerebral hemorrhage into the ventricles intracerebral Hemorrhage is most commonly caused by hypertension and age-related cerebral amyloid angiopathy which is where deposition of Lloyd Peter peptide in the vessels leads to a weaker vessel structure which is then therefore more likely to bleed the other main type is a subarachnoid with the bleed occurs between the arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater subarachnoid hemorrhages can be due to trauma or can be spontaneous in 85% of cases in taneous subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm with the most common locations being the anterior communicating artery in 35 percent of cases internal carotid artery in 30% and middle cerebral artery in 22% in 30% of cases there are multiple aneurysms the remaining maybe caused by rupture of an arteriovenous malformation coagulopathy or extension of an intraparenchymal bleed note that both of these types of hemorrhagic I considered intracranial bleeds however other types of intracranial bleeds such as epidural and subdural hemorrhages are not considered hemorrhagic stroke we take this few seconds off to inform you are valued loyal listener about the best health and fitness podcast shows from the Nez pod Studios join us as we give you the best of the best health and wellness updates you can rely on for the treatment of chronic classic functional medicine Back to Basics health tips and special updates from the best doctors in the United States of America check out this health and wellness podcast shows explore Health talk healthy lifestyle matters excellent Health digest healthy and free daily and last but not least weekly health and fitness Corner also check out nasty Boise see the truest story never told Fiction podcast for that real life on the go experience with the 27 year old Golden boy..."

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices