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    Christianity

    Gospel Tangents Podcast

    A 360-degree view of Mormonism. We interview the best Mormon scholars, scientists, and clergy from all restoration branches, including LDS, Community of Christ, Strangites, Bickertonites, Temple Lot, Remnant, etc.

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    Copyright: © 2019 Gospel Tangents - All Rights Reserved

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    Latest Episodes:
    1160: Reframing Faith & Navigating Moral Complexity of History (Patrick Mason) May 25, 2026
    Show notes

    I invited Dr. Patrick Mason on to discuss reframing faith in the complex history of religion. He iis a historian and theologian at Utah State University, and discusses the evolution of his career from academic research to pastoral writing aimed at those navigating faith crises. He reflects on the limitations of a transactional approach to religion, suggesting instead that individuals must take personal accountability for their spiritual lives while remaining part of a community. Mason addresses difficult historical and moral issues, such as slavery and the priesthood ban, by arguing that past leaders were fallible and that modern believers should engage with the moral complexity of their heritage. He also shares his profound emotional experience studying the Rwandan genocide, using it as a lens to explore the problem of evil and the role of God in a suffering world. Throughout the conversation, he emphasizes the importance of creating safe spaces for honest questioning and wrestling with doubt. Ultimately, Mason advocates for a broad and inclusive religious tent where the focus remains on a faithful God rather than the perfection of human messengers. He is the author of Planted and Restoration. https://youtu.be/c_7JWglAeRY Don't miss our previous conversation with Patrick: https://gospeltangents.com/people/patrick-mason/ Reframing Faith: Navigating the Moral Complexity of History and Belief We explored the difficult terrain of faith crises, historical trauma, and the transition from a transactional to an authentic spiritual life. Mason, known for his pastoral works like Planted and Restoration, argues that we must move beyond a "vending machine" approach to God to find a more durable and honest faith. The Trap of the Transactional God Many believers grow up with an "illusion of contract," believing that specific acts of obedience—like paying tithing or accepting every calling—guarantee divine protection from calamity. Mason points out that when life fails to follow this script, individuals often fall into a "bottomless pit" of self-blame, thinking they simply weren't "perfect enough." Drawing on the teachings of the Apostle Paul, Mason emphasizes that we cannot reach God purely through the law; instead, we must take individual authority over our spiritual lives while remaining anchored in a community that "decenters the ego." Confronting the "Moral Complexity" of History One of the most challenging aspects of a faith journey involves reconciling modern morality with the actions of past leaders, particularly regarding issues like slavery and the priesthood ban. Mason addresses the "trap of presentism"—the idea that we shouldn't judge the past by modern standards—by noting that even in the 19th century, there were voices like Orson Pratt who critiqued slavery as an offense to our theology using the scriptures available at the time. Furthermore, Rick challenges the historical justification that the priesthood ban was necessary for the Church's survival, noting that other restoration branches never implemented such bans. Patrick invites us to imagine a history where Brigham Young chose "radical racial inclusion" based on the Book of Mormon's teaching that "all are alike unto God," suggesting the Church might have been generations ahead in its global mission. Facing Evil and Prophetic Fallibility Mason’s reflections on the 1994 Rwanda genocide serve as a sobering lens for the "problem of evil." After visiting massacre sites in Rwandan churches, he described the experience as a confrontation with "satanic" evil that defies easy theological answers and forces us to ask, "Where was God?" This recognition of human darkness extends to his view of prophetic fallibility. Mason asserts that while prophets are "reliable guides," they are not infallible and do not claim to be. He believes it is a mistake to treat the scriptures or prophetic statements as inerrant, noting that salvation comes through Jesus Christ alone, not through the perfection of his messengers. Creating Spaces to Wrestle with Faith To help others navigate these complexities, Mason and his wife hosted a student group in their home for years, providing a space for open gospel conversations without "guard rails." He found that when people are given the space to wrestle with difficult questions—ranging from LGBTQ+ issues to church history—they often discover their own spiritual authority and wisdom. Ultimately, Mason suggests that the most foundational Christian covenant is not a litmus test of witnessing, but the commitment to "mourn with those that mourn" and "bear one another’s burdens." By creating spaces where people feel heard and validated, the community can move toward a more authentic and loving practice of the gospel. Chapters 0:00 Meet Patrick Mason 7:42 Reframing Faith: Moving from Transaction Belief to Mature Faith 16:59 Presentism & Slavery 30:50 Problem of Evil/Rwandan Genocide 38:31 Prophetic Infallibility 52:07 Rwandan Genocide Books 52:56 Safe Spaces for Wrestling with Faith 1:00:43 Is Polygamy for eternal marriage or dynastic sealings? 1:04:26 Thankful for LDS Faith Journey Communities 1:07:02 Role of Sunday Meetings How do you handle these complex theological problems over slavery, the priesthood ban, polygamy, or other controversial practices?


    DNA Expert Tackles Mormon DNA Claims (Dr. Ugo Perego 2017 interview) May 23, 2026
    Show notes

    Dr Ugo Perego tests the most pressing Mormon DNA claims. Did Joseph Smith have secret children from his plural marriages? What really triggered the Mountain Meadows Massacre? And does Native American DNA align with the Book of Mormon? https://youtu.be/ni5d6D90VoU Don't miss our other conversations with Ugo! https://gospeltangents.com/people/ugo-perego/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved In this fascinating throwback episode of Gospel Tangents, we sit down with Dr. Ugo Perego, a leading expert in population genetics and Mormon DNA. Dr. Perego shares the incredible results of his decades-long research, including the reconstruction of Joseph Smith's Y-chromosome which revealed his unexpected Irish ancestry. He also details the massive 15-year scientific quest to solve the 150-year-old mystery of whether Josephine Lyon was Joseph's biological daughter. The conversation then dives into the dark history of the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Dr. Perego explores the chilling theory that an anthrax outbreak from infected cattle may have escalated the tragic violence. He also shares how mitochondrial DNA testing finally identified the true parentage of a rumored secret "18th surviving child" of the massacre. Finally, Dr. Perego breaks down the science of Native American DNA, explaining the ancient Bering Strait migration and debunking the genetic claims of "Heartland" Book of Mormon geography theorists. 0:00 Chapter 1: Introduction & Meet Dr. Ugo Perego Dr. Perego discusses his background, his 12 years of work building genetic databases, and his PhD research on Native American DNA origins. 14:10 Chapter 2: DNA Basics: Why Siblings Have Different Ancestry Results A brief dive into how genetics work, explaining why siblings can take DNA tests and receive different ancestral percentage breakdowns. 22:31 Chapter 3: Did Joseph Smith Have Children with Plural Wives? Dr. Perego introduces his efforts to use Y-chromosome testing to determine if Joseph Smith had any children from his polygamous marriages, finding no genetic matches among suspected sons. Chapter 4: The Shocking Irish Connection While attempting to reconstruct Joseph Smith's Y-chromosome, Dr. Perego discovers that Joseph Smith's early American ancestor carried an indigenous Irish Y-chromosome, not English. 44:56 Chapter 5: Solving the Josephine Lyon Mystery Dr. Perego details the massive $20,000 project to test the DNA of Josephine Lyon, finally proving she was the biological daughter of Windsor Lyon, not Joseph Smith. 1:00:22 Chapter 6: Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Secret "18th Child" The conversation shifts to a 150-year-old rumor about a secret 18th surviving child of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, a mystery finally solved using maternal DNA. 1:11:09 Chapter 7: Did Anthrax Escalate the Mountain Meadows Massacre? Dr. Perego explores the theory that local cattle given to Native Americans were actually infected with anthrax, sparking deadly tensions just days before the massacre. Chapter 8: Biblical Literalism, Pre-Adamites, & Evolution A discussion on the Church's neutral stance regarding evolution and the literal interpretation of Genesis, including how incoming populations genetically mix with older, established populations. 1:29:41 Chapter 9: Book of Mormon DNA & The Bering Strait Migration Dr. Perego breaks down the science of Native American DNA, explaining why Lehi's small group of Middle Eastern immigrants would have seen their DNA "swallowed up" after intermarrying with indigenous people. 1:58:21 Chapter 10: The Lemba Tribe, European DNA, & The "Heartland" Theory An examination of how isolated genes behave and a heavy critique of "Heartland" geography theorists who misuse "X2a" DNA lineages to claim proof of Middle Eastern Book of Mormon DNA. 2:14:56 Chapter 11: The Gospel Topics Essays & Book of Mormon Geography Dr. Perego shares his experience acting as the lead author behind the LDS Church's Gospel Topics essay on DNA and concludes by sharing his personal thoughts on a Central American Book of Mormon geography model. Don't miss our other conversations with Ugo! https://gospeltangents.com/people/ugo-perego/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved What do you think of all these DNA tests?


    Public Reaction to Mormon Garment Research: Sacred or Secret? (Nancy Ross & Jessica Finnigan 4 of 4) May 22, 2026
    Show notes

    In the final installment Nancy Ross and Jessica Finnigan discuss their Mormon garment research, co-authors of Mormon Garments, Sacred and Secret explore the sociological themes of their book, the shifting historical meanings behind garments, and how their taboo-breaking research has been received by the community. Sacred vs. Secret: A Matter of Belief The authors break down the sociological framework of their book, organizing their findings around paired themes like "secrecy and sacredness," "shame and worthiness," and "obedience and control." They argue that practically, the concepts of "secret" and "sacred" operate in the exact same way regarding garments, but the terminology wearers use heavily depends on their level of belief. Conforming believers tend to embrace the uplifting language of "sacredness," while those experiencing doubt are more likely to view the practice through the lens of "secrecy" and institutional control. https://youtu.be/VmyTVrwo4zE Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved The Evolution of Modesty and Institutional Control While Joseph Smith's original garments were not about modesty, the cultural meaning of garments shifted significantly in the 1950s to become a primary tool for enforcing modesty boundaries, especially for women. The authors discuss how recent modernizations—such as the introduction of sleeveless garments—have caused emotional dissonance for older members who made significant personal sacrifices to adhere to previous, stricter modesty standards. The authors note that even when the church relaxes its rules by an inch or two, it ultimately serves as a reaffirmation of the institution's power to control what its members wear. Wrestling Meaning from Fundamentalists The episode also highlights a fascinating historical power struggle in the 1920s. As fundamentalist Mormons clung to the original 19th-century garment design—claiming the LDS church's 1923 modernizations were completely invalid—the mainstream church had to figure out a way to wrestle the meaning of the practice back. To do this, the LDS church actually expanded the language of the temple endowment to explicitly emphasize that the garment's true meaning came from its marks, rather than an unalterable pattern. Opening Overdue Conversations Despite some immediate, dismissive pushback from critics who assumed the book would be a hostile exposé, the authors report that the overall reception has been overwhelmingly positive. Ross and Finnegan strived to write with a neutral tone and deep compassion for their former believing selves. By lifting the heavy taboo surrounding the topic, the book is providing members with the vocabulary to finally reflect on their personal experiences. Most importantly, it is giving spouses and friends the permission to have open, overdue conversations about the complex intersection of bodies, sexuality, and the physical realities of wearing garments. 0:00 Garments/Temple are Secret! (and sacred) 6:34 Are new garments immodest? 12:34 Book's reception Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


    Khaki vs. Vanity: Double Standard in Garment History (Jessica Finnigan/Nancy Ross 3/4) May 19, 2026
    Show notes

    Institutional Control and Double Standards: Garment History Historically, members had the freedom to make their own garments from approved patterns or mark their own store-bought underwear. Over time, the patriarchal institution tightened its control, eventually establishing Beehive Clothing as the sole approved manufacturer and cutting off personal production avenues. Nancy Ross & Jessica Finnigan shared their survey findings with the LDS Church's correlation research division, whose researchers were shocked by several revelations. Most notably, they were surprised to learn that the physical toll of wearing garments was the primary reason some women left the Church, completely flipping the standard narrative that members leave due to a loss of faith or taking offense. Researchers were also struck by the finding that poorly fitting garments caused severe psychological distress, leading some women to believe their bodies were simply "not good enough for God." https://youtu.be/4ekThFV0xRQ Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved CHAPTERS 0:00 How LDS Researchers Received the Survey on garments 5:55 Making Your Own Garments 13:59 Evolution of garments The authors also highlight a stark historical double standard regarding modifications: the Church readily accommodated military men by creating new khaki or colored garments for their uniforms, but when women requested design changes for health or physical comfort, their concerns were frequently dismissed as secular "vanity". Century of Design Evolution: Garment History The segment traces the slow arc of garment modernization: 1923 Updates: The Church allowed stretchy, knitted fabrics for the first time, shortened sleeves to the elbow and legs to the knee, and replaced string ties with buttons. 1930s Internal Report: The church commissioned a report to gauge members' desires for further updates. While many suggestions were adopted, the push for sleeveless garments was rejected. The Swimsuit Designer (1960s–1979): Church President David O. McKay consulted Rosemary Reid, a famous swimsuit designer, to help make garments look less like 19th-century "polygamy underwear." Reid emphasized that women desperately needed two-piece options, a design the church eventually adopted and distributed in 1979 and 1980. Modern Tweaks (2010s–Present): The Church has introduced further modernizations like period garments, half-slips, and sleeveless options. However, the authors note that the constant minor "tweaking" of lengths and materials causes frustration for members who struggle to find a consistent fit when buying new garments. Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


    Why 40% Are Leaving the Church (It’s Not Because They’re “Lazy”) (Rick B) May 18, 2026
    Show notes

    Are you or someone you love navigating a faith crisis? You are not alone. Jeff Strong says 40% are leaving the Church. 40% are Leaving? https://youtu.be/k7olHf9sSq0 A historic shift is transforming the religious landscape. According to Jeff Strong's new book Torn, nearly 40% of members are stepping away from their faith communities. But why is this happening, and how can we better understand and support those we love who leave? In this video, we unpack the insights from four groundbreaking books: Torn, Goodbye Religion, Bridges, and The Next Mormons. We are tackling the tough questions and busting the harmful myths that say people leave because they are "lazy learners," easily offended, or simply want to sin. The reality is far more complex. For many, a faith transition is an agonizing, lonely, and deeply principled journey triggered by a desire for moral integrity rather than a loss of morals. We will compare the data across these four sources to explore the profound emotional toll of a faith crisis, while offering actionable, research-backed advice for current members. Discover how shifting our focus from "fixing" doubts to listening, empathizing, and providing unconditional love can help build bridges and keep our families together. Listen now to learn how we can transform judgment into compassion and better minister to those we love! Don't miss our other conversations on faith crisis.


    Tracing Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Garments (Nancy Ross & Jessica Finnigan) May 15, 2026
    Show notes

    Radical History and Racial Dynamics of Mormon Garments Nancy Ross and Jessica Finnigan, co-authors of Mormon Garments, Sacred and Secret dive into the unexpected history and sociological complexities of LDS temple garments. From Joseph Smith's early design demands to the modern realities of race and garment surveillance, this episode uncovers the fascinating evolution of this deeply personal practice. https://youtu.be/_Rt8-TabB-U Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Mormon Garments Radical, Seamless Origin The conversation travels back to Nauvoo in the 1840s, where Joseph Smith first commissioned seamstress Elizabeth Warren Allred to create a garment with as few seams as possible. Because standard 19th-century clothing relied heavily on seams to economically fit the shape of a body, Allred had to cut the unyielding muslin fabric three times before meeting his specifications. The authors debunk a popular historical myth: Joseph Smith was not simply adopting the "union suit," as that style of single-piece underwear wasn't developed until decades later. Instead, Smith's design was actually a radical, progressive departure from the standard underwear of the time, anticipating later 19th-century dress and health reform movements that advocated for fewer restrictive layers. Making Sense of the Data: 12 Years and French Philosophy Transforming their massive 2014 survey into a book was a grueling 12-year process. Ross and Finnigan realized their raw data was far too messy and complex to neatly fit into a few journal articles. To make meaning of the thousands of intimate stories, they utilized intersectional theory (a branch of critical race theory) to understand how the disadvantages of racism and sexism impact wearers. They also drew heavily on French philosopher Michel Foucault's concept of the "panopticon" to explore how surveillance and secrecy operate within Mormon culture, illustrating how members internalize institutional rules to monitor themselves and others. Despite utilizing heavy academic frameworks, the authors worked diligently to weave the theory naturally into the text, ensuring the book remains highly approachable and relatable for everyday readers. Politics of White Underwear One of the most striking sociological discussions in the episode centers on race. The authors explicitly identify the race of their survey respondents to highlight how garments interact differently with non-white bodies. For instance, wearing stark white underclothing makes the garments highly visible against darker skin tones. Furthermore, the historical design choices for garments were largely patterned after European body shapes, creating distinct physical challenges for people of color, such as Pacific Islanders, whose bodies may not easily conform to those specific cuts. The authors argue that because Mormon discourse heavily emphasizes purity and whiteness, the racial classification and physical realities of bodies wearing these garments make the practice inherently political. While their initial survey lacked a massive sample of people of color, their co-author Larissa Kano Kindred has since gathered data from 8,000 women—including a significant demographic of women of color—which will further explore these racial dynamics in future publications. Century of Evolution The episode wraps by looking at the slow arc of garment modernization. It wasn't until 1923 that the church finally allowed for stretchy, knitted fabrics, shortened the sleeves to the elbow, and replaced string ties with buttons. Even then, as the church commissioned an internal report in the 1930s to suggest further popular changes, the long-requested move to sleeveless garments was left on the cutting room floor. Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved 0:00 History of Garments 10:32 How 3 Authors Write a Book 27:34 Racial Differences? What do you think of the history? Had you considered all of these factors?


    Presenting Taboo Research to LDS Leaders: What We Told the Church (Nancy Ross & Jessica Finnigan 1 of 4) May 11, 2026
    Show notes

    I sat down with scholars Nancy Ross and Jessica Finnigan to discuss their taboo research on Mormon garments. They, along with Larissa Kanno Kindred, are the co-authors of the groundbreaking book Mormon Garments, Sacred and Secret. The deeply candid conversation pulls back the curtain on a historically taboo research topic within Latter-day Saint culture, exploring the complex intersections of theology, historical evolution, and the very real physical realities of wearing temple garments. https://youtu.be/AIcIxpjl6qo Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved What started as a small research project in 2014 quickly exploded when the authors' survey garnered 4,500 responses in just one week. The authors were stunned by the heavy, unexpected stories pouring in, which highlighted a stark contrast between the experiences of men and women. While men generally reported lower physical costs, women detailed the immense, ongoing physical toll associated with wearing garments day and night through various stages of life. Medical Reality of "Pads and Gore" The authors frankly discuss how the required underclothing frequently traps heat and moisture, disrupting the body's natural pH. This environment contributes to severe medical issues for some women, including chronic yeast infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and in extreme cases, precancerous lesions. Managing menstruation, pregnancy, and nursing while wearing garments often creates a difficult "mess," yet women expressed immense guilt over taking them off, even when their doctors explicitly begged them to stop wearing the garments at night for health reasons. Silence, Surveillance, and Strictness Ross and Finnigan explain that the institutional silence surrounding garments created a dangerous void. Because there was no official guidance for biological realities, the void was typically filled by the most demanding, conservative voices in the community. Women were left navigating complicated, unofficial rules—such as whether it was acceptable to wear regular underwear underneath their garments to hold period products in place. Furthermore, the surveillance of other people's underwear practices is deeply normalized within the culture, adding psychological pressure. The authors also noted that for individuals experiencing doubt, the garments often shifted from being a symbol of faith to a psychological tool of institutional control. Opening the Door for Change Despite receiving pushback from the community for discussing the topic, the authors actually presented their findings directly to the LDS church's correlation research division to advocate for women's gynecological health. Recently, there have been very positive developments, including new handbook updates that explicitly allow bishops to grant medical accommodations. Additionally, the church has introduced much-needed modernizations like half-slips, full slips, and period garments. By breaking the silence, the authors hope their work will validate the varied bodily experiences of women in the church and make the practice of wearing garments much kinder and more flexible for everyone. 0:00 Meet Nancy & Jessica 1:44 Are Garments Taboo? 5:27 Presenting to LDS Leadership? 9:20 Gender Differences with Garments Don’t miss our other conversations Nancy Ross: https://gospeltangents.com/people/nancy-ross/ Copyright © 2026 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


    Why No Children for Joseph Smith’s Plural Wives (Rick B) May 08, 2026
    Show notes

    No Children for Joseph Smith? Joseph Smith's plural wives One of the most frequent arguments raised by skeptics of Joseph Smith's polygamy is the "fertility paradox." While Joseph Smith fathered several biological children with his first wife, Emma, there are zero verified offspring from his estimated 30 to 40 plural marriages. DNA testing on suspected plural children has continuously ruled out Joseph as the father in every known case. Does this lack of physical evidence prove his plural marriages were non-sexual? According to a statistical analysis by Rick Bennett and a research team, the absence of children is not a biological impossibility, but rather a predictable outcome of history, biology, and law. https://youtu.be/Zz6BpX2wZd0 Statistical Models of Probability Bennett, alongside a team that included OBGYN Dr. Joseph Stanford, built four statistical models to determine the mathematical probability of Joseph Smith having zero children with his plural wives. These models factored in female ovulation cycles and historical documentation of Smith's whereabouts, assuming no birth control was used: Restricted & Low Models: Assuming very infrequent relations and excluding teenagers and already-married women, the probability of zero children sits between 22% and 47%. Bennett equates this to a coin flip or rolling a double in Monopoly, making zero children a statistically unsurprising outcome. Medium (Consensus) Model: Assuming one or two encounters around the time of the sealing for a broader group of wives, the probability of zero children drops to roughly 9% to 13%. High Model: Only when assuming large possible historical encounters across 37 women does the probability of zero children become statistically microscopic (around 0.03%). Biological Factors and 19th-Century Demographics A significant reason for the lack of children stems from the demographic makeup of Joseph's plural wives. At least five women were post-menopausal (over age 47) and 11 were "polyandrous" wives already married to other men. Furthermore, several brides were teenagers. Interestingly, poorer nutrition and rigorous physical labor in the 19th century delayed a woman's first period (menarche) until an average age of 17, meaning many of the youngest wives were likely prepubescent and physically infertile at the time of their sealings (See Dan Vogel's presentation.) Contraception and the Concept of "Quickening" If the High Model is accurate and sexual relations were frequent, Bennett notes that the Nauvoo community had widespread access to birth control. Popular texts from the 1830s heavily circulated knowledge about methods like the sponge, withdrawal, and highly acidic douching to prevent pregnancies. Additionally, 19th-century medical and Mormon theological consensus believed that a soul did not enter a fetus until "quickening" (around 20 weeks.) Because of this, early herbal interventions used to "restore the menses" were viewed simply as regulating the female body, rather than as abortion or sin. Legal and Theological Survival Ultimately, concealing pregnancies was an absolute necessity for survival. In Illinois, bigamy and adultery were felonies heavily penalized by fines, whipping, and imprisonment. Under the law, a child would serve as incontrovertible physical proof of illicit cohabitation, inviting immediate legal prosecution and mob violence. To avoid exposure, the theology of plural marriage subtly shifted. While originally grounded in an "Abrahamic" mandate to multiply and raise up seed on earth, the practice pivoted to a "Melchizedek" order. This new paradigm was focused on creating secret, dynastic priestly linkages for eternal salvation in the afterlife, entirely bypassing the legal dangers of earthly procreation. In short, the absence of children in Nauvoo polygamy is not a historical impossibility, but a reality forcefully shaped by 19th-century logistics, biology, and the heavy anvil of American law. Don't miss my previous presentation! 0:00 Introduction to Rick 7:01 Fertility Paradox 8:34 Plural Wives History 15:18 Biology of Pregnancy 17:35 Grouping the Wives 22:17 Pregnancy Results 25:09 Knowledge of Birth Control/Abortion in 19th Century 30:31 Types of Contraception in Nauvoo 34:08 Quickening 36:20 Life Begins at Conception? 37:37 Mormon Market for Abortifacients 39:24 Theology Behind Lack of Children 40:23 Legal Reasons to Avoid Pregnancy 47:10 Theological Pivot 50:35 Conclusion Why 0 Children Not Unusual 51:58 Q&A Why Not Accept Joseph Wasn't Polygamist? 53:19 Is Eliza Manwaring a Plural Wife? 58:43 Pushing Back on Certain Claims 1:01:27 RLDS Missions to Utah 1:03:58 Temple Implications for Rejecting Polygamy 1:06:24 Can temple sealings be non-sexual? 1:07:44 Is there anything wrong with Ugo Perego's DNA Tests? 1:10:28 Is it reasonably possible Joseph had no children? 1:14:58 Don Bradley's Theory on Legalizing Polygamy? 1:17:18 Dynastic Sealings to Create Ethnic Group 1:19:50 Why are both polygamy and temple ceremonies secret? 1:33:51 Sheep & Goat condoms 1:35:01 Older Male Fertility/Young & Old Female Fertility 1:38:49 Multi-Purpose Temples 1:44:19 Why Menarche Later in 19th century 1:47:43 Jacob 2:30-Why no children is Plausible


    How to Have Faith/Trust Crisis Conversation May 04, 2026
    Show notes

    Navigating a "Faith/Trust Crisis": Empathy, Communication, and Finding Your Pace We dive deep into the complexities of faith journeys, exploring how to better communicate with loved ones and how to navigate church activity on your own terms. What advice do you have in a faith/trust crisis conversation? https://youtu.be/uY_5UONNykI Reframing the "Faith Crisis" Drawing from Jeff Strong’s new book, Torn, I think we should reframe the common "faith crisis" as a "trust crisis." Why do members leave the Church? While Jana Riess's statistically reliable research indicates that most people leave simply because they lose interest or marry a non-member, Strong's study suggests that church history is actually the primary driver for those who intentionally disaffect. Regardless of the reasons, this wave of disaffiliation—which Elder Marlin K. Jensen once likened to the highest period of apostasy since Kirtland—requires navigating complex mixed-faith dynamics. Strategies for Conflict Resolution To help families and couples navigate a trust crisis, here are some powerful conflict resolution techniques designed to foster empathy and minimize defensiveness: Share emotions over intellect: Fostering true empathy requires sharing specific emotions and physical sensations (e.g., "I feel pressure in my chest") rather than over-intellectualizing, which often leads to disconnection. True empathy does not require agreement: You can fully understand how someone arrived at their feelings based on their unique background without agreeing with their position. Use "and" instead of "but": Using the word "but" can be invalidating to the other person, whereas "and" leaves room for both perspectives. The "One Partner, One Complaint, One Day" Rule: To prevent blame-shifting, only one person gets to bring up an issue per day. The talking partner must use non-critical language, and the listening partner is only allowed to use phrases like, "I hear you. I understand. And I'm listening." Take an immediate timeout: After the complaint is made, the listening partner should take a timeout (up to 24 hours) to calm their nervous system and avoid a defensive trauma response. The Empathy Flip: When formulating a response, write it down and ask: Is it kind? Is it loving? Is it respectful? Imagine how you would feel receiving that exact response, and revise it if it sounds triggering. Ultimately, the goal is to consistently fight to understand your partner rather than fighting to be understood. Even if a loved one ultimately chooses to step away from the Church, it is important to trust the Atonement and recognize that they will remember your ability to keep loving them. Returning to Church on Your Own Terms A question from a 49-year-old listener with autism, "I Love Christ," said he wants to return to Church but finds the two-hour block completely draining. What advice would you give? I offered advice for anyone feeling overwhelmed by church activity: Take breaks and ease into it: If church is stressing you out, it's perfectly fine to step out or make your own personal study out of the time. Do what you enjoy: Bring a book to read during class, or hang out in the hallway to socialize about something else if that makes the experience more enjoyable. Don't take everything literally: When faced with difficult scriptural or historical narratives, remember that not everything needs to be viewed through a strictly literal lens. Give and expect grace: It can be frustrating to sit through lessons that feel overly simplistic or lack nuance, but it is vital to offer grace to those at different levels of spiritual maturity, and to help teach them to give you grace in return. Is faith crisis still a problem? What advice do you have?


    Why RLDS Finances are STILL in Trouble (John Hamer 6 of 6) Apr 29, 2026
    Show notes

    The Community of Christ has sold the Kirtland Temple and several Nauvoo properties to the LDS Church for a jaw-dropping $200 million. But RLDS finances are still shaky! That money is only expected to keep the church afloat for about five years. Historian John Hamer joins us to explain why he thinks the deal could have been much better, why he’s disappointed there are still no openly gay apostles, and to share his brutally honest thoughts on Steven Veazey’s leadership. Stick around—this conversation pulls no punches. John is the co-author of Scattering of the Saints: Schism Within Mormonism. https://youtu.be/E5KnJviUlQM Don’t miss our other episodes with John Hamer! https://gospeltangents.com/people/john-hamer/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Deep Dive into the Kirtland Temple Sale & Path Forward The recent sale of the Kirtland Temple sent shockwaves through the Latter Day Saint movement, and for the Community of Christ (formerly RLDS). It highlighted significant and ongoing financial challenges. John Hamer, a Community of Christ historian and Seventy, has offered candid insights into the church's financial state, the controversial temple sale, and his hopes for the future. Kirtland Temple Sale: A "Pittance" and a Crisis of Legitimacy The sale of the Kirtland Temple to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for less than $200 million was a deeply troubling event for many in the Community of Christ. John Hamer describes the price as a "pittance," emphasizing that the property's value, particularly in terms of "legitimacy" for the LDS Church, is "priceless" and far exceeds the sale amount. He provocatively suggests that the LDS Church, with its "hundreds of billions of dollars," would not sell the temple for even $200 billion. A major point of contention was the lack of transparency and consultation surrounding the sale. The decision was made "in secret," without any input from the World Conference, the church's "giant legislature". This went against historical precedent, as a previous General Conference had determined that a revelation would be necessary to sell the Kirtland Temple, which had originally been built by revelation. Hamer views the sale as a missed opportunity, stating that it was sold for "a third of what was necessary" for the church to achieve a "sustainable endowment for operations" (which he estimates would have required $600 million.) He suggested that a wealthy family foundation within the Community of Christ could have acquired the assets for the same price, held them as an investment, and then sold them to the LDS Church for a significantly higher amount later, but this option was not considered. Broader RLDS Financial Woes and Leadership Accountability The Kirtland Temple sale is just one symptom of deeper financial struggles within the Community of Christ: Declining Tithing to Headquarters: Over the 20-year tenure of former prophet-president Steve Veazey, "tithing to headquarters... has gone down so precipitously," with only around 6,000 members in the United States and Canada contributing to the world church. Hamer attributes this partly to members feeling their input is ignored when resolutions from the World Conference are ruled "out of order" by the executive leadership. High Operating Costs: The Community of Christ headquarters apparatus costs approximately $2.5 million annually to operate, while its current income is less than $10 million. Unsustainable Endowment: The endowment established to perpetually fund the Independence Temple was, in Hamer's opinion, "invested not like a responsible investor would do" and became "not worth anything" during Veazey's leadership. Unfunded pension obligations also contributed to the financial crisis. Short-Term Fix: The $200 million from the Kirtland Temple sale is projected to sustain headquarters only until "up through 2030," after which "anything goes". This raises concerns about the future of other significant properties, such as the Community of Christ Auditorium (which Hamer argues functions as a temple for the church) and Graceland University, both of which face potential future sale or closure. Hamer is critical of the leadership during this period, suggesting that Steve Veazey should have "take[n] responsibility for the fact that all of this financial loss schemes had happening on your watch and resign yourself". He contrasts Veazey's tenure, which he describes as "unmitigated decline," with earlier presidents like Joseph Smith III and Fred M. Smith, who oversaw significant church growth and modernization. New Leadership and Hope for a "Prophetic People" Despite the financial challenges, Hamer expresses hope for the future under the new prophet-president, Stassi Cramm. He describes her ordination as "electric" and highlights her "incredible competence" and extensive experience as a presiding bishop and apostle. Hamer believes that Cramm has the potential to lead the church toward necessary reforms. He advocates for her to establish a constitutional system for leadership oversight and responsible government, moving beyond a "fixed chain of succession" or a "prophetic monarchy". This would allow the church to fully embrace its calling to be a "prophetic people," where all members have input and leaders are accountable. He even suggests term limits for the president, such as a six-year term with the possibility of renewal. Such reforms, he argues, would retroactively legitimize Cramm and her successors by grounding leadership in the collective discernment of the church. Furthermore, Hamer finds inspiration in the decentralized and innovative spirit within the Community of Christ: Local congregations and mission centers, such as his "Beyond the Walls" ministry in Toronto, have demonstrated significant growth and outreach, attracting thousands of subscribers online, many of whom are not from a Restoration background. Members in places like French Polynesia are taking initiative to create their own resources, like French-language pamphlets, rather than waiting for headquarters. While the financial situation at headquarters remains a concern, Hamer is hopeful that Stassi Cramm's leadership and the self-empowered efforts of the "prophetic people" within the Community of Christ can guide the church toward a meaningful and growing future. Don’t miss our other episodes with John Hamer! https://gospeltangents.com/people/john-hamer/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved


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