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    Education

    From A to Arbitration

    A Union Representative’s in-depth Guide to the Dispute Resolution Process

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    Copyright: © Copyright 2024 by Corey L Walton

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    Latest Episodes:
    Episode 21: Examples of Behavior. public defender or Clarence Darrow. Who are you? Aug 23, 2021
    Show notes

    This episode discusses the importance of effectively defending union members facing disciplinary actions. Corey emphasizes the need for shop stewards to act as strong advocates, going beyond basic representation and utilizing all available resources, including specific contract provisions, to build a robust defense. He argues that union representatives should not be "public defenders," content with minimal effort, but rather should meticulously investigate and leverage every aspect of the contract, particularly Article 16, to contest management's claims. Corey highlights the critical section on "Examples of Behavior" within Article 16, emphasizing that these examples are illustrative and do not automatically justify discipline. He provides a case study to illustrate how management failed to prove crucial aspects of a case, specifically regarding a carrier's alleged phone use during an accident. He stresses the need for union representatives to demand evidence and scrutinize management's claims, proving that the behavior was intentional, that the discipline was corrective rather than punitive, and that the action was justified by sufficient evidence. The message is that union members deserve strong advocacy, and shop stewards should not neglect the full scope of available tools to protect them from unwarranted discipline.

    http://www.fromatoarbitration.com/


    Episode 20: Article 16.10 the Discipline Killer Aug 18, 2021
    Show notes

    C-32824

    This episode focuses on Article 16.10 of the National Agreement, which deals with employee disciplinary records and how this article can nullify discipline. Corey explains that management cannot cite disciplinary actions that are older than 2 years against an employee. He argues that management often uses this tactic and shop stewards should be aware of this. Corey also highlights the importance of checking the "request for appropriate action" form to see if management has included any prior discipline in the case file. If they have, and it is over 2 years old, the shop steward should challenge it.

    “A notice of discipline, which is subsequently fully rescinded, whether by settlement, arbitration award, or independent management action, shall be deemed not to have been initiated for purposes of Article 16, Section 10, and may not be cited or considered in any subsequent disciplinary action.”

    C-32824 “The service has a history of emphasizing that accidents themselves are not the appropriate basis for discipline without establishing an employee's action. violated a Postal Service Safety Rule of Regulation. As noted in the April 7, 1980 memo by the Senior Assistant Postmaster General Carl Olsacher who wrote in pertinent part, accidents or compensation claims, even when in a manager's view excessive, are not in themselves an appropriate basis for discipline. What must be cited in any such disciplinary action are the actions of an employee which are violations of a postal service safety rule or regulation.”

    Elkori Elkori how arbitration works - Pg 640

    Defenses to Discipline: Pg 26

    C-01944 “The employer's case is further followed by the fact that it is violative of that portion of Article 16 of the National Agreement, which provides such discussions may not be cited as an element of a prior adverse record in any subsequent disciplinary action against an employee. The Notice of Removal cites two such discussions as elements of the agreement's past record. These procedural defects cannot be overlooked as being insignificant. They are of serious concern because they are in violation of both the letter and spirit of the national agreement, and importantly, they deprive the agreement of its right to due process. In the absence of due process, the agreements must be sustained without any consideration of its standard merits.”


    Episode 19: Article 16.8 Review of Discipline and the Swiss Army Knife. An in depth study on the concurrence of suspensions or discharge Aug 15, 2021
    Show notes

    This episode focuses on Article 16.8, which deals with review of discipline. Corey explains the importance of this article and how it can be used to challenge management decisions. He points out that any disciplinary action, such as a suspension or discharge, must be reviewed and concurred by a manager who is a higher level than the supervisor who initiated the discipline. This review should be independent, not a rubber stamp. He also suggests that if an arbitrator says that a disciplinary action is not a "de minimus" violation, then it is a fatal flaw and management's case may be thrown out.


    Episode 18: Discipline and Management's Obligation Under Section 115 of the M-39 Handbook Aug 09, 2021
    Show notes

    This episode is about labor arbitration and how to use the M39 handbook, which is the management handbook used by the US Postal Service. Corey explains that section 115 of the M39 handbook deals with discipline and how management should administer it. He emphasizes that management should always make every effort to correct a situation before resorting to disciplinary measures. He also says that management has a responsibility to resolve problems before they become grievances. Corey urges listeners to use this section in their grievance procedures by holding management accountable for their responsibilities as outlined in the M39 handbook.


    Episode 17: Combating Criminal Statutes Cited in the Letter of Charges. Aug 07, 2021
    Show notes

    This episode covers how to challenge management when they use criminal statutes against a carrier in disciplinary actions. Corey advises listeners to research any criminal statutes cited by management, as those statutes may not apply to the specific situation. He explains that in a formal grievance procedure, a carrier's lawyer should argue for a higher standard of proof, such as proof beyond a reasonable doubt, because management is essentially making a criminal accusation.


    Episode 16: Article 16.6 Indefinite Suspension-Crime Situation. Unconfusing The Confusing. The Power of Nexus Aug 02, 2021
    Show notes

    Corey explains Article 16.6 of the National Agreement, which deals with indefinite suspensions in crime situations. He explains that management can't automatically put someone on indefinite suspension without giving them some notice. He also emphasizes the importance of a "nexus" or connection between the employee's job and the crime for which they were arrested. He concludes by saying that carriers who are in trouble should reach out to their union or their attorney for help.

    Non-specific references in this episode:

    Corey references an arbitration where a carrier picked up a package for a customer that contained marijuana. The Postal Inspectors jumped him when he picked it up, and management put him on 16:7 emergency placement rather than 16.6 indefinite suspension crime situation. They did that because the quantum of proof in a 16.7 is much less than a 16.6.


    Episode 15: Article 16.7 Emergency Procedure Much More Than Just "Immediate " Jul 29, 2021
    Show notes

    Corey talks about Article 16.7: Emergency Placement. He emphasizes the importance of challenging emergency placements by filing grievances, highlighting four key areas of contention: immediacy (the action must be taken without delay), notification (the employee must be explicitly informed of the emergency placement), a detailed written charge, and the length of the placement (which cannot be indefinite). He supports his arguments with relevant arbitration cases and decisions, urging listeners to utilize this information to better defend themselves and their colleagues against potentially unjust actions by management.

    C-10146 A&B: Defines what “immediate” is in cases of emergency placement.

    C-24822: Determines the precedence and justification for emergency situations in a case where a carrier was put on emergency placement for not wearing a seatbelt - a situation that was not imminently dangerous.

    C-30322: Shows that management failed to specify the reason for emergency placement in the charge.

    C-32656: Highlights several instances where extended emergency placements were deemed improper.


    Episode 14: Defenses Against Unauthorized Overtime Jul 28, 2021
    Show notes

    Jason Atchley returns to discuss unauthorized overtime and discipline arising from it. He discusses what a carrier should do when faced with a workload over 8 hours, and highlights the importance of filling out a 3996, as well as leaving decision-making in management's hands. He mentions that management should be filling out PS Form 1017, “Unauthorized Overtime Report” when overtime is not approved.

    M-00464: Local management can properly request letter carrier employees to estimate their workload to the best of their ability. When the employees request overtime or auxiliary assistance, the information obtained by the carrier estimation is not intended to be used to discipline carriers or to settle work standards.

    They highlight specific M-39 provisions, including 134.2, which prohibits management from using covert surveillance tactics, and M-00464, which states that projections cannot be used as the sole basis for discipline.

    Non-specific references in this episode:

    Arbitrator Wolowitz: “We must conclude that management failed to give Mr. Alexander clear instructions as to what to do when he could not complete his assigned delivery within eight hours. Since he thought those were his instructions, he brought the mail back, he did the best to follow his instructions as he understood them.” The removal was rescinded and expunged.

    (LOOK UP 0326, 1444, 1664, 1769)


    Episode 13: Discussing Single Track vs Multi Track Discipline Jul 25, 2021
    Show notes

    Corey welcomes Jason Atchley to this episode. They discuss unauthorized overtime and how to defend against discipline related to it. Jason explains that there are two competing theories on discipline: single-track (where any violation can lead to immediate discipline) and multi-track (where discipline is progressive). The podcast focuses on the multi-track theory, which is based on the language of Article 16 of the JCAM, and emphasizes that discipline should be corrective, not punitive.

    The podcast encourages shop stewards to be proactive in challenging unfair disciplinary actions, check their past record for previous discussions or discipline, and to ensure their members understand their rights and protections.

    Non-specific references in this episode:

    Arbitrator Glenda August: A letter carrier involved in an accident, management put him on 16:7 and removed him. The carrier had prior attendance discipline, and a prior accident, and in this situation did not immediately report the accident. The arbitrator makes the differentiation that even though the carrier was involved in a prior accident, the discipline was for him failing to report the accident. She also states the grievant's prior disciplinary history was not all related to safety infractions and the mistakes made in the accident at issue were not so egregious as to rise to the level of removal.


    Episode 12: Article 35 and Defending Against Charges Due to Alcohol and Drug Addiction Jul 24, 2021
    Show notes

    ***GET C-01928***

    Corey discusses how to defend carriers in charges related to the disease of alcohol and/or drug addiction. He emphasizes that the union should advocate for a corrective, rather than a punitive, approach when dealing with carriers facing discipline due to alcohol or drug abuse, as outlined in Article 35 of the collective bargaining agreement. He advises shop stewards to encourage the carrier to seek help through the EAP (Employee Assistance Program) first and foremost.

    Corey also stresses the importance of challenging management when they use covert surveillance of carriers on the street (M-39 134.2) and when they fail to follow the JCAM's requirement to promptly notify the branch president after an accident (41.3P). He warns that management often uses these tactics to unfairly discipline carriers and that shop stewards must be vigilant in defending their rights.

    C-01928: “What then, are the factors which would allow an arbitrator to mitigate the offense committed by the alcoholic which led to his removal from the postal service to order that he be reinstated by the postal service?”

    C-33598 A&B: “As I've stated many times, there are certain deeds that certainly deserve removal action even on the first occurrence. Acts such as theft or involving physical violence provide only a few examples. And based on the language of the parties agreement, I'm of the considered opinion that not every case involving drug or alcohol abuse necessarily fit in the same category.

    C-02371: “A careful review of the evidence convinces this arbitrator that the grievant's alcoholism was primarily responsible for the misconduct giving rise to his discharge. That the grievant is an alcoholic and has been one for sometime is undisputed. [...] The arbitrator is convinced in this case that but for grievant's drinking problem, he would not have committed the very foolish and serious acts involved. The evidence indicates that he now fully appreciates the problem and, through great personal effort, has complied with the requirements of the rehabilitation program and maintained sobriety for a long period of time. The record in this case, including grievant's straightforward testimony, indicates that the prognosis for the future is good. These factors along with grievant's twenty years of service persuade this arbitrator that discharge was too severe in this case. This does not mean that limits to which any employer can be expected to go help an alcoholic employee overcome his problem. The time does come when an employer may reasonably conclude that its efforts to encourage rehabilitation have failed and that prospects for substandard improvement are so slim that the employment relationship must be terminated.”

    EAP provides free confidential counseling to all postal employees and their family members by trained outside professionals. It has confidentiality with a strict code of ethics and is easily accessible by calling 1-800-EAP-4YOU (1-800-327-4968) or visit https://usps.ndbh.com/EAP for more information.

    Non-specific references in this episode:

    Corey references an arbitration defending a gentleman struggling with methamphetamine addiction, where the arbitrator ruled in favor of the carrier, emphasizing that the carrier had already sought help and was making progress.

    Corey references an arbitration where a carrier was passed out at his station, and police and EMT were involved. The carrier asked for help and wrote a statement stating such, and management mocked the carrier in their opening statement. The arbitrator made a bench decision without getting to the merits of the case - she brought him back.

    Corey references a decision from Linda de Leon Kelin, where a carrier left his route, bought alcohol, and became drunk. The grievant was given a final chance to salvage his employment.


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