Explain to Shane

Rethinking the Rules of Space (with Jay Schwarz) Jun 12, 2025

Space-based satellite networks are transforming global connectivity, extending access to even the most remote corners of the planet. The rules that govern these networks have never been more critical. How does satellite spectrum actually function? Why is there an increasing need to revise the regulations that oversee it? And what are the key components of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC’s) proposed reforms?

In this episode, Shane Tews is joined by Jay Schwarz, chief of the Federal Communications Commission’s space bureau. Together, they unpack the FCC’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and solicit comments regarding updates to satellite spectrum–sharing rules. The FCC will assess how these changes could affect competition between geostationary and nongeostationary satellite providers and examine the technical and policy challenges of implementing potential new regulations.

Personalization, Privacy, and Policy (with Rob Sherman) May 15, 2025

As social media platforms integrate personalization technology, questions around privacy, transparency, and user choice are becoming increasingly pronounced. What does personalization really mean for users? How do platforms like Facebook and Instagram decide what content or ads you see? And how can companies ensure that personalization enhances user experience without compromising data privacy?

In this episode, Shane Tews sits down with Rob Sherman, Vice President and Deputy Chief Privacy Officer for Policy at Meta. They take a look behind the curtain and discuss the mechanics behind personalization on Meta’s platforms, as well as how users can benefit from this technology. Rob shares insights from over a decade at Meta, offering a rare behind-the-scenes look at how personalization works and how platforms aim to make it more transparent and responsible.

The Spectrum Exchange: Networks, Security, and Innovation (with Peter Rysavy) Mar 13, 2025

Amid debates over spectrum allocation, critical questions about national security, communication infrastructure, and connectivity continue to take center stage. What does spectrum sharing involve? How does spectrum sharing enhance the efficiency of limited spectrum resources? And what impact does it have on deploying emerging technologies like 5G and AI-driven networks?

In this episode, Shane Tews and Peter Rysavy explore spectrum management challenges, sharing opportunities, and technological impacts on 5G networks, emphasizing regulatory frameworks and innovation for optimal spectrum usage. Peter is a wireless technology expert and the President of Rysavy Research, a technology consulting firm. He is also the executive director of the Wireless Technology Association, an organization that evaluates wireless technologies.

The Future of the Enterprise Browser Feb 13, 2025

Web browsers are built for convenience—prioritizing speed, compatibility, and ease of use. But what happens when a browser isn’t for just an individual user but for an entire enterprise? In today’s cybersecurity landscape, where threats are constant and data breaches can be catastrophic, organizations need more than just a traditional browser. They need a secure enterprise browser designed to protect corporate data, enforce security policies, and seamlessly integrate with existing IT frameworks without compromising user experience.

In this episode, Shane Tews sits down with Scott “Monty” Montgomery, vice president at Island.io, to explore how enterprise browsers redefine security in the digital workspace. They discuss the critical differences between consumer and enterprise browsers, why identity-aware security is essential, and how businesses can fortify their operations against evolving cyber threats.

Taking on DMV Bureaucracy (with Shane Bigelow) Jan 16, 2025

Digital solutions for vehicle titling and registration are transforming how DMVs operate, replacing slow bureaucratic processes with efficient blockchain-based systems. Through successful partnerships with state governments, companies offering these digital services have demonstrated significant time and cost savings in vehicle-related transactions. This proven track record in modernizing DMV operations creates opportunities to expand similar technological solutions across other government functions, streamlining services beyond the transportation sector.

In today’s episode of Explain to Shane, Shane interviews Shane Bigelow, CEO of Champ Titles, a company that specializes in digitizing government and business processes. Under Bigelow‘s leadership, Champ Titles has focused on transforming traditional vehicle titling systems with blockchain technology, aiming to reduce costs and improve efficiency in government operations. Before founding Champ Titles, Bigelow gained valuable insights into blockchain’s potential for societal impact while serving as senior vice president and managing director at AllianceBernstein.

The Fight against Drug Shortages (with Laura Bray) Dec 17, 2024

The United States faces a critical drug shortage crisis every day that jeopardizes patient care across medical specialties. The problem is staggering: 83 percent of oncologists cannot prescribe their preferred chemotherapy treatments, and a shocking 96 percent of these drug shortages stem from human manufacturing issues. In 2023, drug shortages reached a 10-year high, with 309 critical medications in short supply.

These shortages have profound real-world consequences, affecting thousands of patients annually. For Laura Bray, the issue became intensely personal when her nine-year-old daughter was unable to receive her doctor’s recommended medicine after being diagnosed with leukemia. Drawing on her personal experience and business management background, Laura was motivated to take action. She founded and is the chief changemaker at Angels for Change, a nonprofit organization committed to ensuring access to lifesaving medications by ending drug shortages. Laura is also an adjunct business professor at Hillsborough Community College. Before academia, Laura worked in marketing strategy and small-business management and consulting.

Navigating India's Digital Competition Landscape (with Shruti Rajagopalan and Shreyas Narla) Dec 05, 2024

As India's economic landscape evolves amid population growth, crafting regulations that foster progress is critical. But how can India leverage its advanced digital infrastructure and young workforce to drive innovation and create sustainable job opportunities? What regulatory reforms could help create an environment that encourages start-up growth and technological entrepreneurship? And how do proposed reforms like the draft Digital Competition Bill shape up?

In this conversation, Shane Tews is joined by Shruti Rajagopalan and Shreyas Narla. Shruti is a senior research fellow at the Mercatus Center and a fellow at the Classical Liberal Institute at the New York University School of Law. She leads the India Political Economy program and Emergent Ventures India at Mercatus. Shreyas is a research scholar with the India Political Economy program at Mercatus.

Join us as they explore the challenges regulatory frameworks pose, the importance of digital infrastructure, and the need for reforms to foster innovation and growth in India's economy.

AI and the Future of Civics (with Adam Hinds, Michael Champigny, and Will Foster-Nolan) Nov 21, 2024

In an era when civic literacy is at concerning lows, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate’s Senate Immersion Module (SIM) is revolutionizing civic education by transforming students into senators for a day, complete with an innovative AI policy simulation. What can experiential learning reveal about students’ capacity to engage with complex policy issues? And how does incorporating emerging topics like AI regulation into civic education help students conceptualize real-world policy challenges?

Joining us from the SIM are Adam Hinds, Michael Champigny, and Will Foster-Nolan. Adam is the CEO of the Kennedy Institute. He served as a Massachusetts state senator from 2017 to 2022, chairing the Joint Committee on Revenue and leading post-COVID rebuilding efforts. Michael is the senior associate for curriculum and content at the Kennedy Institute, and Will is the senior manager of education programs at the Kennedy Institute.

The Power of Pivots: How Smart Companies Change the Game (with Gary Shapiro) Nov 07, 2024

What separates the companies that successfully pivot from those that become cautionary tales in business history? How do government regulations either foster or hinder innovation in today’s tech landscape? And what can business leaders learn from the countless pivots that shaped America’s tech dominance?

Joining me to address these questions, which he unpacked in his new book, Pivot or Die: How Leaders Thrive When Everything Changes, is Gary Shapiro. Gary is an author, a lobbyist, and the CEO of the Consumer Technology Association, which represents over 1,300 consumer technology companies.

The Future of Small Business Financing Oct 03, 2024

How is technology revolutionizing access to capital for small businesses? What challenges do these businesses face in securing funding? And what broader role does technology play in improving their access to capital?

On the latest episode of Explain to Shane, Shane interviews Anthony Matos, CEO and cofounder of Shubox, a platform designed to help small businesses access capital through the innovative use of data and AI. They discuss how innovative platforms like Shubox leverage AI and alternative data to streamline the lending process, provide valuable insights into business health, and ultimately help small businesses access the capital they need to grow.

The Broadband Dilemma (with Janice Hauge and Mark Jamison) Sep 19, 2024

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration’s (NTIA) $42.5 billion Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program, passed by Congress three years ago, set out to close the digital divide by bringing broadband to unserved and underserved communities. Yet despite the ambitious goal of getting all Americans online, progress has been slow. As of September 17, serious delays continue to plague the initiative, with 13 states still waiting for the NTIA to approve their initial proposals. These delays jeopardize the program’s effectiveness and risk leaving millions of Americans without access to essential digital infrastructure.

Here to sort through the mess are two members of AEI’s Broadband Barometer Project, Janice Hauge and Mark Jamison. Janice is a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of North Texas, where she works on broadband policy and regulation in the telecommunications and broadband industry. Mark is a nonresident senior fellow at AEI where he focuses on technology’s impact on the economy, telecommunications, and Federal Communications Commission issues. He is concurrently the director and Gunter Professor of the Public Utility Research Center at the University of Florida’s Warrington College of Business.

AI's Corporate Takeover? (With Mark Johnson) Aug 22, 2024

As artificial intelligence continues to reshape industries, companies are grappling with the challenges of effectively leveraging AI tools. From data readiness to privacy concerns, the path to successful AI implementation is fraught with complexities. Yet, the potential benefits - from revolutionizing healthcare to enhancing our daily interactions with technology - are too significant to ignore.

Here to shed light on these pressing questions is Mark Johnson, co-founder of Michigan Software Labs. With extensive experience in AI consulting, Mark brings valuable insights into the strategies companies are employing to harness the power of AI while addressing its challenges.

Join us as we explore the future of AI integration, the potential of brain-computer interfaces, and the delicate balance between innovation and privacy in the age of artificial intelligence.

Can We Childproof the Internet? (With Ari Cohn) Aug 08, 2024

Recent child online safety bills have ignited a firestorm of controversy. These emotionally charged proposals aim to shield children from online harm, but they've raised serious concerns about potential infringement of First Amendment rights. The current legislative landscape remains uncertain, with various bills at different stages across states and at the federal level.

How do we balance the urgent need to protect children with our fundamental rights to free speech? What are the practical implications of proposed age-gating measures? And where do we draw the line between parental responsibility and government intervention?

To discuss these challenges and concerns surrounding age-gating on the internet, we're joined by Ari Cohn. Ari serves as Free Speech Counsel at TechFreedom. Prior to this role, he was the director of the Individual Rights Defense Program at the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education and served as an attorney with the United States Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights.

Join us as we explore age gating, parents' roles in keeping their kids safe, and the current state of child online safety legislation.

Renewing the Partnership Between Government and Entrepreneurs (With Arun Gupta) Jul 25, 2024

Our government grapples with challenges that demand quick solutions and decisive action. However, the government structure often lacks the necessary incentives to drive innovation. This is where Arun Gupta comes in, emphasizing the importance of a renewed partnership between government and entrepreneurs to tackle major societal issues.

Arun is the author of Venture Meets Mission: Aligning People, Purpose, and Profit to Innovate and Transform Society. He is also CEO of NobleReach Foundation, a venture capitalist, a lecturer at Stanford University, and an adjunct entrepreneurship professor and senior advisor to the provost at Georgetown University.

Tune in as Arun shares insights from his book and discusses the intersection of government, entrepreneurship, and academia.

Unpacking the Data Dilemma Jul 11, 2024

As the US pushes for a TikTok ban and the EU leads the way in data privacy regulation, experts warn that overly restrictive policies might inadvertently stifle innovation and economic growth. But how do we strike the right balance? What role does data play in shaping our society? How do we categorize and classify the information we generate daily? And what challenges do policymakers face in regulating data?

In this timely episode of "Explain to Shane," we dive into the critical intersection of data and society. Shane interviews Cristina Alaimo and Jannis Kallinikos, co-authors of DATA RULES: Reinventing the Market Economy. Cristina is an Assistant Professor in Digital Economy and Society at LUISS University, in Rome, Italy and Jannis is a Full Professor of Information Systems at LUISS Business School.

Busting Tech Myths (with Robert Atkinson and David Moschella) Jun 27, 2024

Is technology really addictive, or is that just another myth? What hidden benefits of AI are we overlooking? And how will the landscape of innovation shift as lawmakers tighten the reins of regulation?

In this episode, Shane interviews Robert Atkinson and David Moschella, co-authors of Technology Fears and Scapegoats: 40 Myths About Privacy, Jobs, AI, and Today's Innovation Economy. Robert is president of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) and author of numerous books on innovation economics and technology. David is a nonresident senior fellow at ITIF. Before joining ITIF, he was a research fellow at Leading Edge Forum where he explored digital technologies’ impact on business.

Tune in as we dispel leading, and sometimes harmful, myths about technology today.

Securing the Web with Route Origin Authorizations (with Grace Abuhamad and Robert Cannon) Jun 10, 2024

NTIA is championing Route Origin Authorizations or ROA’s as part of the Biden Administration’s cybersecurity plan to fend off nation-state hackers and cyberattacks.

In tandem with this effort, on June 6, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) advanced a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking aimed at strengthening internet security through the implementation of border gateway protocols (BGPs) for internet service providers (ISPs). While the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) already encourages federal agencies to embrace these routing security protocols, the FCC's proposed rule would mandate broadband providers to submit confidential reports on their BGP usage.

This move is an effort to defend against cyber-attacks by validating the legitimacy of websites and securing web traffic, preventing hackers from spoofing government domains, stealing data, and hijacking critical communications.

Here to discuss the policy behind this decision, including routing security, BGPs, and efforts to secure government infrastructure, are Grace Abuhamad and Robert (Bob) Cannon. Grace is the chief of staff at the NTIA, where she previously served as a policy analyst in the Office of International Affairs. Bob is a Senior Telecommunications Policy Analyst at the NTIA. Before joining NTIA, he was a Senior Attorney at the FCC's Office of Policy Analysis.

Inside Tech's $2 Trillion Technical Debt (with Ken Silva) May 23, 2024

Outdated systems, sloppy code, and years of quick fixes have created a growing issue of "technical debt" in businesses. This unseen threat poses security risks, slows innovation, and leaves companies running on inefficient systems. Technical debt costs the US an estimated $2.41 trillion annually, with a whopping $1.52 trillion needed just to address the backlog. As businesses prioritize new features over fixing deep-rooted problems, the issues keep piling up, creating deeper vulnerabilities in legacy systems.

Joining me today on Explain to Shane is Ken Silva, a renowned industry veteran with over 30 years of experience in tech, cybersecurity, and telecommunications businesses. He is well known for the work he has done as a chief technology officer and as a chief security officer for multiple tech companies.

Tune in as we explore the hidden price of technical debt.

Borderless Banking: How Crypto Cuts Through Red Tape (with Candace Kelly) May 09, 2024

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected economically, blockchain-based financial networks offer new solutions for facilitating seamless international trade, remittances, and humanitarian aid. What specific advantages do blockchain-based financial networks offer over traditional systems? As global economic interconnectivity increases, what role can blockchain technology play in developing a more robust and efficient infrastructure for cross-border payments?

Shane interviews Candace Kelly, Chief Legal Officer of the Stellar Development Foundation, on the latest episode of Explain to Shane. They discuss how blockchain-based payment networks like Stellar are poised to step in and facilitate cross-border transactions when traditional banking falters.

Defending the Digital Realm (with Jason Hogg) Apr 25, 2024

The proliferation of cyber threats has evolved into a crisis: Last year, there were 880 million cybercrime complaints resulting in over $12 billion in losses. Analysts suggest that cybercrime is now the third-largest economy globally after the United States and China. The most pressing challenges in today's cybersecurity landscape include staying ahead of sophisticated and constantly evolving threats. But what technological and cultural shifts are necessary for organizations to stay ahead of these growing dangers?

Stepping into the fray is Jason Hogg, an expert in the fight against cybercrime. Currently serving as the Executive-In-Residence at Great Hill Partners, Jason identifies and pursues investment opportunities in the financial technology, insurtech, cyber insurance, and software industries. For more than a decade, he was a senior lecturer and professor of innovation and technology at Cornell University.

Join us as we delve into the insights and strategies shaping the future of cybersecurity.

Global Connectivity Unplugged (with Brian Barritt and Michael Cheng) Apr 11, 2024

While internet access has spread rapidly across the globe during the past several decades, around three billion people still lack access. Some argue that the solution lies in fiber cable expansions, while others are innovating with satellites to meet users’ demands. Satellite connectivity supports network access for users in formerly unconnected geographies by leveraging existing global satellite coverage rather than the arduous process of building additional infrastructure.

Today’s guests are Brian Barritt and Michael Cheng of Aalyria, a space connectivity company. Brian Barrit, Aalyria's chief technology officer and cofounder, has spent his career developing innovative ways to address connectivity challenges. He’s worked as an engineer with NASA, CISCO, Google, and most recently, Meta’s innovation labs before starting Aalyria. Michael Cheng, chief product officer at Aalyria, is a lawyer and network engineer by training with deep experience steering technology companies. Before joining Aalyria, Michael served as associate general counsel for mergers and acquisitions at Meta as well as product manager and head of Open Source. He also serves as an adviser to several technology start-ups.

Tune in as Brian and Michael illuminate the connectivity problems that Aalyria is working to solve.

What Has Been Done to Address Online Lag? (with Jason Livingood) Mar 13, 2024

While the internet has improved monumentally since its early days of bandwidth restrictions and dial-up, customers are more demanding of the network and have little patience for latency on any of their devices. What causes these interruptions to our usually consistent high-speed streams? Latency, or lag.

On today’s episode of Explain to Shane, Comcast's Vice President for Technology Policy, Products, and Standards, Jason Livingood, dives into what is being done to solve this challenge. Jason has spent his career addressing the internet’s emerging challenges: he's been a pivotal figure in promoting ultra-low latency networking and directing R&D through the Comcast Innovation Fund. He’s also served twice on the FCC’s Technical Advisory Committee and has spent 16 years on the Member Advisory Board of the Internet Society.

Jason will shed light on why latency has become a critical factor for internet users and discuss the steps being taken by Comcast ahead of high-demand streaming events like this summer’s Paris Olympics.

What Do the EU’s Tech Regulations Mean for the US? (With James Lewis) Feb 29, 2024

The European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an ambitious attempt to constrain the immense power of Big Tech. But in an interconnected world, regulations made in Europe ripple out to the US and beyond. What do stricter rules in Europe mean for the US’s tech sector? How will new regulations impact American data protection? Will the DMA hurt innovation?

Today, I am joined by James Lewis. James is the Senior Vice President, Pritzker Chair, and director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies’s Strategic Technologies Program where he writes on international innovation and digitalization. In his previous role as a diplomat and member of the Senior Executive Service, he developed policies on cybersecurity, encryption, spectrum management, and global tech issues.

Tune in to explore the implications of regulating rapidly changing technologies in our globalized world.

Inside the Challenge against Phone Spam (with Dave Stewart) Feb 14, 2024

Unwanted calls and messages have become a major nuisance in the digital age. Regulators have scrambled to address rising complaints about these unwanted intrusions, but the persistence of fraudulent communications has undermined consumer faith in our telecommunications infrastructure. Why do these issues persist? And in today’s complex digital landscape, how are regulators and policymakers working to balance privacy, consumer trust, and fraud prevention?

Today’s guest, Dave Stewart, works to address these challenges as the Senior Vice President and Chief Business Development Officer at Somos, a telephone number and identity service provider. Dave works to restore trust in the technology that underlies our daily calls and texts.

Making Sense of Music Streaming Jan 31, 2024

When Taylor Swift pulled her music from Spotify in 2014, she shone a spotlight on an issue that persists in the music industry today: artist must jump through major hoops to be compensated for their music that is played across multiple platforms. Nine years later, the economics are still challenging for artists to receive payment for their work. Artists earn some royalties from streaming services and receive no compensation when their music is played on traditional AM or FM radio due to old broadcast rules. These issues are further exacerbated by AI, which poses risks to artists licensed work and raises questions around their creativity being compensated.

SoundExchange was created in 2003 to help resolve this issue by tracking listening data across platforms and facilitate payments to artists. Since its creation, the organization has adapted its payment systems for performance royalties to keep pace with the modern music ecosystem as it changes with new technology. On this episode, Michael Huppe, the President and CEO of SoundExchange, joins Shane Tews. Under his leadership, the organization has overseen billions of dollars in payments and has drastically increased royalty rates to artists.

Tune in to break down the complex economics of the music industry and the impact of AI technologies on the landscape of music.

Beyond Bitcoin (with Yuval Rooz) Jan 18, 2024

Cryptocurrency is transforming finance before our eyes, using technology to put control over money and transactions back into the hands of users. With the potential to enable faster, cheaper, and more transparent transfers, cryptocurrency infrastructure lays the foundation for new avenues of innovation - from self-executing smart contracts to greater privacy and financial digitization. However, for many outside the industry, cryptocurrency remains veiled in confusion.

Today’s guest, Yuval Rooz, is deeply entrenched in the world of blockchain and digitization. He is the co-founder and CEO of Digital Asser, which uses blockchain technology to modernize the industry underlying today’s economy – enabling companies to balance efficiency with privacy. Before founding Digital Asset, he managed an electric algorithmic trading desk at the DRW Trading Group. Tune in to find out how bitcoin and AI are changing the finance industry.

Candidates, Bots, and Ballots: How AI is Rewriting Political Advertising (with Scott Brennen and Matt Perault) Nov 20, 2023

Generative AI poses new challenges for political campaigning and our democracy as we head towards the 2024 presidential election. While this technology could streamline political messaging, there is greater fear that it could enable widespread manipulation and distortion of the democratic process. Heading into a contentious election, how can we assess and mitigate harms from AI-generated disinformation? How will the use of generative AI be different than prior “cheap fake” attempts? How should policymakers prepare for and respond to the use of AI in political advertising?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Scott Brennen and Matt Perault, co-authors of “The new political ad machine: Policy frameworks for political ads in an age of AI.” They discuss how generative AI is transforming campaigning and address constituents’ pressing concerns around the technology including AI-manipulation risks, synthetic media transparency, and evolving regulations for political advertising.

Quantum: Computing’s Next Innovation Wave (with Alan Baratz ) Nov 06, 2023

Quantum computing has the potential to radically advance our

ability to solve complex problems, transforming entire industries from drug

discovery to cybersecurity. But, how does quantum computing really work? What problems can it help

people and businesses solve? And how does it play into the US’s larger national

strategic goals?

Our guest today is deeply entrenched in the development of quantum

edge computing, which allows quantum computer deployment closer to where the

data is generated and processed. Quantum edge computing can lead to performance

improvement, optimization results, and reduce latency in information

processing.

Alan Baratz is the CEO of D-Wave. Alan has spearheaded

bringing quantum optimization solutions into the consumer mainstream, applying

them to real-world challenges like tsunami relief and carbon emission

reduction. With over 25 years of experience developing leading technologies, he

provides an insider view into the realities and possibilities of quantum

computing.

Tune in as Alan demystifies the complex world of quantum

computing.

The Paperless Revolution with Scott Wyatt Oct 24, 2023

Paperwork and manual forms are still the norm for most industries today, but this outdated process is begging for a digital overhaul. Emerging software solutions can fully digitize documents and forms using advanced source code technology, providing pathways to ease information flows. Can this technology revolutionize the way businesses and governments tackle administrative tasks? How can the digital transformation of traditionally paper-based processes enhance consumers' experiences across industries?

Our guest today has paved the way in easing the form process for consumers and businesses alike. Scott Wyatt is the founder of the recently patented Form Engine software, which speeds up the business and government world by digitizing their form and document processes. He has worked on devising technology-based solutions to outdated business models for over 20 years.

Tune in as we dive deep on the technologies promising to modernize businesses and governments.

Securing Your Digital Life in an Age of Hacks (with Harry Raduege) Oct 02, 2023

As we adopt technology at every level of our lives, these technological advancements can also open the door to more cyber risks. The increasing sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks are a threat to government agencies, private companies, and individual users alike. Given the interconnectedness of our digital economy, how can public users and companies take steps to protect themselves from cybercriminals? What steps can we take to guard our data from criminals? And can we identify vulnerabilities before they are exploited and defend our digital assets from attacks?

Today’s guest has thought deeply about these questions and works to address emerging cyber threats head-on. Today’s guest, Lieutenant General Harry Raduege, is the President and CEO of the National Cybersecurity Center, a nonprofit that works to raise cyber awareness and integrate cybersecurity into every aspect of our interconnected lives. The Center helps serve small and medium businesses, partners with K-12 schools and higher education to create educational programs, and brings together people and organizations to learn about protecting systems and devices from cyber attacks and how to solve cyber-related problems. Before his work at the National Cybersecurity Center, Harry served in the Air Force for over 30 years where he was the Chief Information Officer of the Space Command, Chief Information Officer of NORAD, and Commander of the Joint Rask Force-Global Network Operations.

Lieutenant Raduege joins the show with invaluable insights from working in cybersecurity.

Privacy, Data, National Security and the Principals for Data Sharing Globalization (with Sujit Raman) Sep 18, 2023

Recent developments in transatlantic data sharing agreements serve as a baseline for the importance of cooperation between countries in the digital age. From the new Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework (TDPF) to the cybersecurity proposals before the United Nation, there are both areas of agreement and concern.

To walk through some of the recent global protocols, Shane spoke with Sujit Raman about his expertise in data protection, national security, and negotiating legal agreements on behalf of the United States on many of these important policy priorities.

Sujit is the Chief Legal Officer of TRM Labs, a leading blockchain and Web 3 analytics company, and a senior fellow in the Tech, Law and Security Program at American University. From 2017-2020 he served as US Associate Deputy Attorney General with responsibility for data protection, emerging technologies, and cyber-related criminal and national security investigations and prosecutions. In this capacity, he represented the United States in high-profile negotiations with the United Kingdom Australia, and the European Union, and co-led the U.S. delegation to the G6 Interior Minister’s conference in Munich in 2019.

Can We Future-Proof AI? (with Rob Reich) Sep 06, 2023

The explosion of large language models (LLMs) into the public sphere in 2023 here in Washington has raised many questions on how much artificial intelligence (AI) should be under the direct scrutiny of the government. Should we proceed with as much caution as Europe? Will AI as we know it today become misaligned with our interests? AI should lead us towards the next economic boom, but will the involvement of the government hasten or inhibit that?

To sift through some of these deeper policy questions, Shane spoke with Rob Reich about his work in philosophy, politics, and technology.

Rob Reich is a Professor of Political Science at Stanford University. He is also the faculty co-director of Stanford's Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society (PACS), the faculty director of the McCoy Center for Ethics in Society, and the associate director of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI).

Rob discusses the merits (and limitations) of the precautionary principle and other points from his book, System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong and How We Can Reboot. Shane reiterates how stifling innovation can lead to worse outcomes than expected but that thoughtlessness on AI is a mistake just as well.

Tune in as Shane and Rob examine the circuitry of America’s AI moment.

Uncertainty & Technology: The Adaptability Imperative of Automation (LIVE with Brent Orrell—Part II) Aug 22, 2023

In this live episode of Explain to Shane, Shane wraps up her discussion with AEI Senior Fellow Brent Orrell on generative artificial intelligence tools and automation’s relationship to in-demand skills in the labor market.

The two scholars get at the heart of how we should view automation and the imperative that it places on our institutions—and ourselves. The crowd—the 2023 AEI Summer Honors Program student cohort—also has a chance to ask questions since they will soon be embarking on their own career journey.

Missed the first part of the conversation? Listen to Part I here!

Uncertainty & Technology: The Adaptability Imperative of Automation (LIVE with Brent Orrell—Part I) Aug 09, 2023

In this live episode of Explain to Shane, Shane joins AEI Senior Fellow Brent Orrell on the stage to discuss how the latest advancements in automation through large language models (LLMs) are accelerating discussions around what skills are the most valuable in the labor market. The crowd has a vested interest in their insights—the 2023 AEI Summer Honors Program student cohort—but their conversation is enlightening for the broader tech policy crowd too.

In Part I of this two-part episode, Shane and Brent unpack recent advancements in LLMs and what these products are good at, and what students should be thinking about in this new automation context.

From Serving to the Server: How Sandboxx Is Changing Military Life (with Sam Meek) Jul 11, 2023

In this episode of Explain to Shane, Shane walks through Sandboxx, the digital platform designed by veterans and service members to help connect the military community with secure tools. Sandboxx’s co-founder and CEO, Sam Meek explains how this groundbreaking platform, inspired by Sam's experiences in the US Marine Corps, is enabling a support system for the military community that uses today’s technology.

The app has emerged as a critical resource for most of the active military and has sent over 8.5 million letters to recruits and deployed service members worldwide. Shane and Sam unpack the intricacies of Sandboxx, a digital communication and training platform with an impressive 4 million users, co-created by Sam and Major General Ray L. Smith.

Throughout this conversation, Sam's insightful perspective as a military veteran turned tech innovator displays the immense impact Sandboxx has on the military community and the importance of tailored online resources for our heroes in uniform.

Sam helps us to understand the importance of how this app plays a transformative role in the military landscape. It's a tale of technology, dedication, and the unyielding spirit of support for our service members.

Unpacking Misconceptions in Tech Antitrust (with Daniel Francis) Jun 27, 2023

The recent neo-Brandeisian tack in antitrust policy has kicked up a lot of dust, obscuring much of the evidence that pokes holes in a more aggressive Federal Trade Commission (FTC) under Lina Khan. Is big really bad, though, when it comes to technology antitrust policy? Join us in this episode of Explain to Shane as we explore this pressing question and more with our guest, Daniel Francis.

Daniel is a faculty member at NYU School of Law and a leading legal expert in antitrust policy given his experience as Deputy Director of the FTC's Bureau of Competition. In this thought-provoking conversation, he dives deep into the misconceptions surrounding the current policy landscape, specifically focusing on the AICOA and OAMA bills, and evaluates the recent development of the FTC sending advisors to the European Union.

Daniel points out a natural experiment unfolding in Europe, while Shane reminds us of the danger of drawing arbitrary lines in tech legislation.

Get ready to expand your understanding of technology antitrust and the challenges that lie ahead in this rapidly evolving landscape.

From Pixels to Prosperity: Navigating Legal Frontiers and Disruptive Innovation Across Africa (with Susan “Guya” Obunga Otieno) Jun 13, 2023

It is clear that African nations are gearing up for a major leap forward in economic growth thanks to recent technological innovations in artificial intelligence and enhanced availability of technology tools to individuals. The African Development Bank anticipates an average of 4 percent real GDP growth in 2023 and 2024. How are legal frameworks keeping pace with that growth, especially regarding disruptive technology?

In this episode of Explain to Shane, Shane interviews Susan "Guya" Obunga Otieno, a legal advisor for PICHA, a digital media company that specializes in African photography and digital imagery. They discuss the state of privacy law in Africa, the growing African stock photography market, generative artificial intelligence and African languages, and how PICHA is working to empower African photographers and the intellectual property elements of the business.

Guya shares her insights on the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Africa, the power of photography to tell stories and connect people, and the importance of protecting the privacy of African citizens. Shane emphasizes the need for revised privacy laws here in the United States to enable data protection on an international scale.

This is a fascinating and timely episode that will give you a new perspective on African industry and the people who are growing it.

The Promise and Peril of AI in the Music Industry (with David Hughes) May 30, 2023

This year has witnessed some extremely impressive breakthroughs in generative artificial intelligence models, with OpenAI releasing GPT-4, Google with its Bard LLM, and many more competitors. But what might be less well-known is that there’s a whole class of music-making AI software rising, and it’s creating everything from symphonies to viral rap collaborations between Drake and the Weeknd. Some impressive, and some outright bad, the music industry is preparing to have another “Napster moment.” What will this mean for ownership and intellectual property? How will recording artists maintain control over their distinct styles and brands? What are market solutions to this, and where should policy step in?

To cut through the noise, we have David Hughes on the podcast. Hughes wields extensive experience in the music industry, having worked for Sony and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for many years, now running his own consulting firm.

In this episode, Shane investigates what AI will mean for the music we love. Don’t miss a beat—tune in now!

The Importance of Spectrum Harmonization (with Roger Entner) May 16, 2023

Throughout the Biden administration and this Congress, spectrum has been a priority for nearly everyone else in the world—except for us. We’re currently 378 megahertz behind other countries on mid-band spectrum, a vital resource for 5G communications quality. Spectrum isn’t anything we can see or touch, yet it’s all around us. However it is perhaps the most important infrastructure for our modern age as more and more tech communicates wirelessly. It is also a finite resource, which makes changes to its allocation exceedingly touchy. How can we navigate this pressing allocation issue within a context of selfishness and scarcity?

To walk us through what is holding us back on spectrum, we have Roger Entner back on the podcast. Entner is the founder of Recon Analytics, but his vast telecommunications experience includes being the senior vice president and head of research at Nielsen Media Research.

In this episode, Shane reiterates spectrum’s necessity while Roger identifies the smoking gun. Tune in as they band together on the precious resource of spectrum!

A Network of Networks: Modularity in Internet Governance (with Susan Ness) May 02, 2023

Two of the long-tail fears surrounding the future of the internet are the danger of creating either an internet controlled by the hands of the few and powerful at a global scale or what’s known as the “splinternet”—the cabining off of nation-states’ networks from the mainstream due to censorship, technological change, or commercial fragmentation.

Susan Ness sees something that lies between those poles. As a former FCC commissioner, Ness has extensive insight into the national and international machinations of the superstructure of our internet, and she has been crafting a new framework for understanding where the internet could go. Modularity is a co-regulatory approach to internet platform governance that helps to align democracies despite different legal systems, different regulatory horizons, and different societal norms. But how can we ensure that more illiberal governments don’t take advantage of this much more federated approach?

In this episode, Shane explores Ness’ concept of modularity from all sides. Tune in as they connect the nodes on internet governance innovation!

One World, Two Webs: Can We Make A More Secure Internet? (with Paul Kupiec and Thomas Vartanian) Apr 18, 2023

Unauthorized network access was the most common cause of third-party cyber attacks in 2022. This includes ransomware and phishing attacks that created internal network compromises that were responsible for 40 percent of third-party cybersecurity breaches. Are we really heading toward a more secure internet? Protection from cybersecurity scams needs more security by design and an ability to give more tools to consumers for better privacy and security control.

To get at the heart of some of these concerns, we interviewed AEI’s very own Paul Kupiec and Thomas Vartanian. Kupiec is a colleague at the American Enterprise Institute who focuses on systemic risk and the management and regulation of banks and financial markets. Before joining AEI, Paul worked at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the International Monetary Fund, Freddie Mac, JP Morgan, and for the Board of Governors for the Federal Reserve System.

Vartanian is the author of The Unbreakable Internet and has served as General Counsel of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board during the saving and loans crisis and as Special Assistant to the Chief Counsel of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. He is also the author of 200 Years of American Financial Panic, which is rising on the best-seller list. Tom currently leads the Financial Technology and Cybersecurity Center.

In this episode, Shane walks us through just one of the many approaches to creating a more secure internet for all. We hope you enjoy the conversation.

Procuring Security: Government Software Modernization (with Ryan Triplette) Mar 14, 2023

Situated squarely in the digital age, yet still years behind the curve, our government spends upwards of $100 billion on its IT and cyber needs annually according to the Government Accountability Office (GAO). With all that money being spent, how do we know we’re getting not only the best deal on software but also the most secure systems?

The National Cybersecurity Strategy calls for holding software companies liable for the security flaws in their products. This is an opportunity for the federal government to bring forward a new standard of good cybersecurity protocols. The White House plan invites the modernizing of government IT infrastructure to review the inherent vulnerabilities of legacy software and the licensing of software to federal government agencies. But how will this be accomplished? What does sound procurement look like?

To help us sort through this topic, we are joined by Ryan Triplette, executive director of the Coalition for Fair Software Licensing.

In this episode, Shane walks us through what’s involved in efficient, safe software procurement. Tune in as they sift through the paperwork!

Spectrum, Satellites, and Subsidies: Telecommunications Decision Points in 2023 (with Michael O’Rielly) Feb 28, 2023

Myriad questions are swirling around telecommunications policy at the outset of this year. Elon Musk’s Starlink and Jeff Bezos’ Kuiper are heating up the discussion surrounding Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite internet. The FCC’s ability to auction off spectrum is up for reauthorization on March 9th, securing a vital asset for the regulatory body to disburse. And massive sums of money are being made available for broadband expansion, but with serious uncertainty on how to effectively use it. But how can we safeguard good governance over the technology that enables us to communicate so easily over such great distances in these important moments? To help identify such strategies, we are joined by Michael O’Rielly, former FCC Commissioner, telecommunications consultant, and public servant.

In this episode, Shane reminds us that “free” doesn’t mean no one is paying, that auctions matter, and that satellites are more than rocket science—among many other things. Tune in as they separate the signal from the noise on telecommunications policy!

What Does the Right to Repair Really Mean? (with Jeff Westling) Feb 14, 2023

Our devices, smart as they are, break on us, and often the only recourse outside of purchasing a new one is to take our broken tech to a licensed repair shop. But what if the replacement parts for such devices were more readily available or even set up for DIY repair? This is the supposed promise of the legal concept of the “right to repair.” It aims to give individuals the ability to repair and modify purchased products without restrictions from manufacturers or relegation to licensed repair shops. There is a dark side, however. What happens to the intellectual property of the device’s creators? How might third-party parts affect product security? What effects would this have on innovation and competition? To guide us through this debate, we are joined by Jeff Westling, the Director of Technology and Innovation Policy at the American Action Forum, as he draws from his recent article on the subject.

In this episode, Shane walks us through how complicated this question is and what both producers and consumers stand to gain—and lose—as this debate grows.

The Munich Security Conference at 60: Promoting International Cooperation, Trust, and Digital Security (with Benedikt Franke) Jan 17, 2023

We live in a world where the security that we enjoy arises out of more than just police forces, standing armies, or the weapons we equip them with. Today’s security lies both in the seen and the unseen—the defenses built around our online networks, data, and connected technology repel attacks every day. How are we to coordinate amongst international allies to combat such attacks? Is a culture of trust possible in the realm of cybersecurity? Where does the Munich Security Conference (MSC) see itself amidst all of this in the 21st century? All of this and more are discussed with the Vice-Chairman and CEO of the MSC, Dr. Benedikt Franke.

In this episode, Shane walks us through just how important the digital element of international security is given the conflicts of today and those to come, how influential the MSC has been over the years in coordinating matters of security, and how the transatlantic security relationship will need to evolve.

Does the U.S. Have Global Tech Superiority? Our China Challenge Going Forward (with James Lewis) Jan 03, 2023

What does it mean to gain tech influence on a global scale? How does America compare to China in helping the developing world get connected? What’s more effective: a tangible investment or a winning smile? Who is China eclipsing on the global stage? Technology, international security, and public policy have integrated over the last decade into something undeniable as a consideration when it comes to governing a modern superpower. In order to remain a superpower, it will require America to consider where and how it invests globally in international tech development and high-tech trade policy—and what that means for future trade relations. All of this and more are discussed with the Senior Vice President of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), James Lewis.

In this episode, Shane underscores the consequences of policy decisions, the necessity of further American tech investment in the developing world, and the dangers of superpowers resting on their laurels and not considering the long-term consequences.

Can Transatlantic Cooperation Transform the China Tech Race? (with Peter Brown) Dec 20, 2022

China has invested heavily in the telecommunications and internet infrastructure of the developing world. In the face of that significant head start, how might Europe and the US team up to catch up in the 5G influence race? What has the EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) accomplished so far towards that end and others? Are we heading into more of a Brussels Effect on tech regulation? What does good AI governance look like? All of this and more are discussed with the European Parliament’s Senior Advisor on Technology Policy, Peter Brown.

In this installment, Shane walks us through just how behind the US is on 5G abroad compared to China, how dangerous emulating European AI policy can become, and how effective the TTC has been in considering both issues. The situation is a moving target, but between Peter and Shane, nothing flies under the radar.

Have We Turned a Blind Eye to Cybersecurity? (with Ambassador Robert O'Brien) Nov 15, 2022

What role has America played in technology development in the past and how has that role evolved? What effect has offshoring elements of our high-tech hardware manufacturing had on our cybersecurity capacity? How are these “instruments of national power” changing our calculus on the cyber balance of power? To what extent should the government intervene in augmenting our cybersecurity capacity? Where does the average citizen factor in? All of these questions and more are discussed with former US National Security Advisor, Ambassador Robert O’Brien.

On this episode, Shane dives into our previously accepted notions of the determinants of international peace with fresh eyes and a highly decorated national security professional. Using the lens of cybersecurity, Tews and O’Brien chart a path forward given the state of play with China and our current semiconductor chip capacity—spoiler alert: we have quite a to-do list.

Establishing Global Spectrum Leadership and a Modern FCC (LIVE with Ajit Pai) Nov 01, 2022

Why did American internet infrastructure shine throughout the pandemic compared to foreign networks? How might the executive branch best implement the massive sums of money going toward rural broadband expansion across the myriad agencies that touch it? What does leadership in broadband require moving forward? All of these questions and more are discussed with none other than the former chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) itself— Ajit Pai.

On this episode, Shane is joined by Pai, FCC Chairman from 2017 to 2021 and a current Nonresident Fellow on AEI’s Tech Policy Team, at a special live podcast recording to evaluate how the FCC has performed in the past and ways that it and all branches of government can do better by Americans in bridging the digital divide and maintaining worldwide spectrum leadership.

Effectively Managing Cyber Challenges in the Public and Private Sectors (with Jason Blessing) Sep 27, 2022

Will the Biden administration release a national cybersecurity strategy? Can federal agencies’ responsibilities be reorganized and redistributed among one another to increase our national cyber resilience? These and several other questions remain up in the air as cyber threats continue to proliferate.

On this episode, Shane is joined by Jason Blessing, a Jeane Kirkpatrick visiting research fellow on AEI’s Foreign and Defense Policy Team, to discuss ways for both the government and private sector to establish comprehensive strategies for confronting cyber threats and combatting authoritarian influence in the digital sphere. They also discuss Jason's latest report, The Advantage Gained: Building on USCYBERCOM-NSA’s “Dual Hat” Synergy Model, which looks at the equities around sharing government data-gathering and information-sharing capabilities.

Helping Local “Microbusinesses” Thrive (with Alex Rosen) Sep 20, 2022

What are “microbusinesses” and why do they matter to our economic outlook? How can state and local governments learn about and help sustain these local businesses?

On this episode, Shane interviews Alex Rosen, a senior director for GoDaddy’s Venture Forward team. Alex explains the rise of online microbusinesses during the pandemic, and how we need to capture these businesses’ importance and continue to foster their growth as part of the buildout of local economies. She also discusses the value that technological innovation has created for small businesses and shares lessons for policymakers who want to protect niche, tech-enabled markets.

Combatting the Problem of Domain Name Abuse (with Graeme Bunton) Sep 16, 2022

Domain name abuse is a constant challenge, as it’s the entry point for many online activities that are harmful to consumers such as malware, botnets, phishing scams, and spam. Protecting the domain name system (DNS) is a priority for security and stability, and creating an efficient way to track abusers is key to this mission. But what exactly does DNS abuse look like in practice, and how do we catch those who adversely affect the health of the internet’s vast infrastructure?

On this episode, Shane sits down with Graeme Bunton, the inaugural director of the DNS Abuse Institute (DNSAI). DNSAI recently partnered with CleanDNS to create NetBeacon—a DNS abuse reporting tool that helps mitigate and process abuse claims. Graeme gives his perspective on the issue of DNS abuse and explains why tools like NetBeacon are necessary in today’s DNS landscape.

Can We Modernize the Federal Identity System? (with Jordan Burris) Sep 13, 2022

Criminals are constantly looking for holes in online identity verification—a key reason why the US government lost $163 billion in unemployment-related fraud during the pandemic. Can technology make identity verification systems more resilient, despite everyone being on separate networks?

On this episode, Shane and AEI Nonresident Senior Fellow Jim Harper interview Jordan Burris, senior director for product market strategy at Socure—a platform that combines machine learning and artificial intelligence to provide accurate, trusted digital identity verification. The three of them discuss how fraud prevention is a “team sport” that requires balancing best practices and robust information sharing with careful protection of citizens’ personal information from government overreach.

Reining in China’s Dominance of the International Telecommunication Union (with Danielle Pletka, Brett Schaefer, and Dominique Lazanski) Sep 06, 2022

How has China gained influence at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and what type of agenda will they continue to pursue if the US and our allies do not step up our participation? If China and Russia win the upcoming ITU election, we’re going to find out. Coined recently as “the most important election you have never heard of,” the ITU’s plenipotentiary conference in late September will give members the chance to vote on a new secretary general and group of high officials. If China’s favored candidates succeed, they will continue to dictate the rules, standards, and best practices around emerging technologies like 5G networks.

Failure on the part of the US to thwart this effort will have tangible effects on everyday Americans. As two of our guests today have warned, “What is at stake is secure air travel, privacy in every sphere of modern life, and the ability of the US military to protect the American people. The stakes could not be higher.”

On this episode, Shane sits down with AEI Distinguished Senior Fellow Danielle Pletka and Heritage Foundation Senior Research Fellow Brett Schaefer, who co-authored a report titled Countering China’s Growing Influence at the International Telecommunication Union. They’re also joined by Dominique Lazanski, a global internet governance expert and previous Explain to Shane guest who last came on the show to discuss her 2020 essay, Standardising the Splinternet: How China’s Technical Standards Could Fragment the Internet. The four of them discuss the upcoming ITU election, remind us of its high stakes, and explain how China’s quest to dominate the ITU is emblematic of a larger strategy to intimidate rivals and erode the United States’ global influence.

“Building for Tomorrow”: How to Think Like an Entrepreneur (with Jason Feifer) Aug 30, 2022

Everyone loves a good “life hack”: Whether it’s through an organizational app, a new productivity strategy, or a novel way to use technology, we’re all looking for ways to be more efficient. What life hacks would a startup and entrepreneurship expert recommend?

Shane’s latest guest is Jason Feifer. Jason is the editor in chief of Entrepreneur Magazine, a podcast host, keynote speaker, startup advisor, and the author of an upcoming book titled Build for Tomorrow: An Action Plan for Embracing Change, Adapting Fast, and Future-Proofing Your Career (releasing September 6). He joins the show to share his strategies for career and life success, along with a preview of his book.

Integrating Extended Reality into Education, Work, and Daily Life (with David Scurlock) Aug 09, 2022

As the demand for remote work, schooling, medical services, and retail continues to rise, augmented reality (AR) and extended reality (XR) are proving worthwhile to both the providers and consumers of these services. How can we integrate these technologies into our daily lives as smoothly as possible?

On this episode, Shane is joined by David Scurlock, founder and CEO of In Your FACE Learning and Training Academy, which aims to bring XR and other cutting-edge innovations to those with limited access to emerging technology. David’s programs seek to leverage young people’s interest in technology and gaming applications through interactive and immersive educational activities, but are also highly portable for all ages. He joins the podcast to discuss these and other endeavors he’s been pursuing around AR and XR.

See here for more of David’s work.

How PayPal Laid the Groundwork for Silicon Valley as We Know It (with Jimmy Soni) Aug 02, 2022

When one thinks about today’s tech leaders in Silicon Valley, PayPal is probably not the first name that comes to mind. But PayPal’s founders and earliest employees have gone on to create, found, and advise companies like Tesla, SpaceX, YouTube, LinkedIn, Facebook, Yelp, and Palantir. What happened in PayPal’s early days to set these individuals and future companies up for success?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Jimmy Soni, author of The Founders: The Story of PayPal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley. As her AEI colleague James Pethokoukis described it, The Founders is a “quintessential tale of Silicon Valley tech entrepreneurship in the early internet age” that was largely untold before Jimmy chronicled it. Jimmy joins the podcast to discuss his intentions behind the book and what it can teach us about Silicon Valley, tech industry competition, and the innovation landscape today.

Congressional Chip Funding: Are We There Yet? (with Peter Cleveland and Jon Hoganson) Jul 19, 2022

While the $52 billion of federal funding in the CHIPS for America Act has strong bipartisan support, it’s caught in a larger fight between the two legislative chambers over an attempt to reconcile the bill with other Democrat spending priorities. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) has built a coalition against the larger bill that will stop it from passing unless the process is focused exclusively on semiconductors. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo has also agreed that the CHIPS Act should be passed on its own immediately.

To make sense of this situation and predict what comes next, Shane and AEI’s Claude Barfield sit down with Peter Cleveland of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation and Jon Hoganson of Advanced Micro Devices Inc. The four of them discuss the ins and outs of Congress’ battle over chip funding, along with key opportunities that could be missed if action isn’t taken soon.

The Challenge of Putting Federal Broadband Funds to Good Use (with Mark Jamison) Jul 19, 2022

Following the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), a Department of Commerce branch known as the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has been tasked with allocating $42.5 billion of federal broadband infrastructure funding to state and local governments through the Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) program. This $42.5 billion is part of a larger $65 billion sum that the IIJA puts toward broadband infrastructure. How can NTIA and the states ensure the money is spent effectively and that people are held accountable? How can remaining barriers to broadband adoption be overcome without just throwing money at the issue?

On this episode, Shane welcomes AEI Nonresident Senior Fellow Mark Jamison back to the podcast. Dr. Jamison has previously appeared on the show to talk about tech antitrust issues, but is an internet and telecommunications expert by training. In addition to his fellowship at AEI, Dr. Jamison directs the Public Utility Research Center at the University of Florida’s Warrington College of Business—where he also teaches. Dr. Jamison previously served on the Federal Communications Commission transition team for President-elect Trump, and as a special adviser to the governor of Florida’s internet task force. He is currently working with the Florida state government to help write the state’s strategic broadband plan.

See here and here for more information on NTIA’s state-level broadband initiatives.

An Update on the Global Intellectual Property Landscape (with Michael Rosen) Jul 06, 2022

One year ago, the Biden administration announced its support for a proposal at the World Trade Organization (WTO) that would waive Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) protections for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. Last week, WTO member states agreed to a limited waiver that only covers vaccines and patents—not therapeutics or trade secrets. Both sides of the debate are relatively unhappy with this outcome. Does this mean it was a good compromise, or did the WTO somehow fall short in its duties? How is the Biden administration doing on other intellectual property (IP) issues?

On this episode, Shane welcomes AEI Adjunct Fellow Michael Rosen back to the podcast for a check-in on the TRIPS waiver issue, along with a more general update on the global IP policy landscape. Michael is the AEI tech policy team’s specialist on IP issues; he writes often on IP-related incentives for innovation, and on patent reform in Congress and at the US Patent and Trademark Office. He is also a book review columnist for The Federalist and National Review.

Re-Thinking Spectrum Sharing to Enable a 5G Future (with Peter Rysavy) Jun 28, 2022

The radio airwaves that power wireless technologies—known as spectrum—are a finite but critical resource. Tailoring spectrum toward its best use often entails industry and government sharing airwaves with one another, a process that has proven complicated as historical use does not always equate to the best current use of spectrum assets. And, with the advent of 5G wireless, the stakes are higher than ever.

Shane sits down with Peter Rysavy on this episode of “Explain to Shane” to analyze potential spectrum sharing solutions and discuss how 5G policy has played out across different industries and government agencies. Peter is president of Rysavy Research, LLC, a consulting firm that has specialized in computer networking and wireless technology since 1993. Peter recently published a series of articles and slide decks on the basics of spectrum sharing, along with advanced concepts that draw on past examples to demonstrate the complexity—and importance—of the spectrum sharing process.

A Look Inside a Cybersecurity Training Firm (with Keith Peer) Jun 21, 2022

Cyberattacks are one of the largest threats facing society today. Learning how cyber disruptions take place is the best way to protect services provided by network operations and data systems, but who has the training resources and expert teams required to detect unseen risks for enterprise, government, and civil society alike?

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane is joined by Keith Peer, head of the federal practice at Offensive Security. Offensive Security is a leading cybersecurity organization that offers courses, training exercises, and certifications on systems penetration testing for the federal government and a number of Fortune 500 companies. Keith joins the show to explain how Offensive Security’s experts are tackling the unique challenges of today’s cyber landscape.

The State of Our Nation's Cybersecurity (with Michael Chertoff) Jun 07, 2022

Cyber threats are multidimensional; they can manifest as large-scale attacks carried out by nation states or private actors, targeted at critical infrastructure or individual devices. In the information age, they can also target vulnerable individuals via malware or on social media platforms in the form of false or misleading information. Across the board, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has made plugging vulnerabilities in all cyber domains a lead priority for government, industry, and civil society alike.

What does a former top security official have to say about all of this? On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane sits down with Michael Chertoff, former Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, for an update on how both cybersecurity threats and best practices have progressed in a number of domains since Secretary Chertoff left office. They also discuss the security pitfalls of Congress’ attempts to weaken mobile device protections in the name of competition.

Can the US and Europe Find Common Ground on Tech Policy? (with Peter Brown) May 17, 2022

How are the American and European approaches to regulating the technology industry similar? How are they different? Can policymakers from the two continents find agreement on today’s most pressing tech policy issues?

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane is joined by Peter Brown, a Washington, DC-based diplomat for the European Parliament. Using Europe’s Digital Markets Act, Digital Services Act, and country-by-country approach to regulating autonomous vehicles as case studies, Peter compares and contrasts the US and European regulatory systems, and suggests key areas for transatlantic cooperation. He also discusses the importance of a unified US-European approach to technological standards-setting amidst China’s rise.

How to Build a ‘Trusted Future’ Online (with Adam Golodner) May 03, 2022

How can we achieve a real, certifiable level of comfort and trust between consumers and the companies that make our technologies? The standards for what constitutes trust and safety vary from user to user; we need to find a tractable way to build out indicators of trust that will allow both producers and users to see risks clearly.

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane is joined by Adam Golodner, co-chair of Trusted Future—a new think tank dedicated to enhancing trust in today’s digital ecosystem. Adam and Shane discuss the technical and engineering components of trust and safety, along with what these topics have to do with cybersecurity, privacy, and the supply chain.

How to Improve Mobile-Device Security (with Kevin McNamee) Apr 19, 2022

As security risks to internet-enabled devices reach an all-time high, Nokia has been highlighting the most pressing threats to user devices through its annual threat intelligence reports. According to the 2020 and 2021 reports, malware infections on both computers and mobile devices are on the rise—specifically through downloadable software that poses as something helpful or fun for users. And yet, proposed federal laws would weaken mobile-device protections at this critical time by forcing all hardware manufacturers to accept unvetted software applications or “apps” in their digital marketplaces—a practice known as “sideloading” that has been called out by the Department of Homeland Security specifically. (The department’s 2017 Mobile Device Security report stated that “users should avoid—and enterprises should prohibit on their devices—sideloading of apps and the use of unauthorized app stores.”) This episode addresses the technical challenges sideloading brings into the process of keeping a secure mobile ecosystem.

To discuss how we can protect consumers’ financial and other personal data, Kevin McNamee, the head of Nokia’s Threat Intelligence Lab, joins Shane on the latest episode of “Explain to Shane.” Under Kevin’s leadership, the Threat Intelligence Lab analyzes thousands of mobile malware samples per day to help power Nokia’s network-based malware detection program.

How Congress Could Make Your Smartphone Less Secure (with Patrick Hedger) Apr 05, 2022

At a time when cybersecurity is more important than ever, Congress is taking steps to weaken the security of your mobile device. By forcing app-store operators to allow “sideloading” — the unvetted downloading of any app or software from the open internet — bad actors could have a fast lane to your personal data and information. Furthermore, letting these platforms retain control over their digital marketplaces is crucial as both a physical and information war rages on in Ukraine. Why is Congress considering this, and why now?

To help make sense of the sideloading and app-security issues, Patrick Hedger, executive director of the Taxpayers Protection Alliance (TPA), joins Shane on the latest episode of “Explain to Shane.” The two of them discuss Congress’ app-store regulatory proposals, along with a new TPA initiative called the App Security Project. The project is “dedicated to protecting and enhancing consumer security and safety with mobile apps and software that have come to define today’s innovative, but ultimately vulnerable, digital ecosystem.”

Why computer chips have major geopolitical and national-security implications (with Chris Miller) Mar 15, 2022

Should US semiconductor chip manufacturers move their fabrication plants onto American soil? Should we be offering migration incentives for high-tech chip engineers from Taiwan in order to onshore design and engineering? What role, if at all, should the government play in subsidizing the construction of these plants for US companies? These and other questions remain unsettled when it comes to the geopolitical challenges around semiconductor design, production, and trade.

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane and AEI Senior Fellow Claude Barfield reunite for a joint conversation with Chris Miller — a new Jeane Kirkpatrick Fellow in AEI’s Foreign and Defense Policy department. Chris is also an assistant professor at Tufts University’s Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and directs the Eurasia program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI). Chris recently published an FPRI report titled “Labs over fabs: How the US should invest in the future of semiconductors,” and will be releasing a book on the geopolitical history of semiconductors this year. His work frequently appears in national news outlets and opinion columns — including Foreign Affairs and The New York Times.

Chris joins the podcast to discuss his expansive portfolio on the semiconductor industry, Congress’ attempts to guide US chip production, and how chip manufacturing is indefinitely tied to national security.

Does the chip industry need a boost from big government? (with Karl Wennberg) Mar 01, 2022

Is industrial policy making a comeback? Congressional legislation and industry representatives have encouraged the US government to put federal funds toward shoring up the domestic semiconductor industry to compete with China. Europe likewise appears poised to spend large sums of government money on its chip industry as part of a reaction to the global chip shortage.

While free-market advocates who previously warned against heavy government spending seem to be on board, there are others who say the market is already on a corrective path. Is a national investment in semiconductor chips the right answer to today’s chip shortage? Are the security risks at hand pressing enough to prioritize a long-term investment in chip production on US soil?

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane and AEI Senior Fellow Claude Barfield co-interview Karl Wennberg, an innovation policy researcher and professor at the Stockholm School of Economics, on the pitfalls of industrial policy — even in vulnerable sectors. The three of them also discuss Karl’s upcoming book, “Questioning the Entrepreneurial State: Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy” (Springer, 2022).

Communications infrastructure and America’s connected future (with Todd Schlekeway) Feb 15, 2022

What does federal broadband funding mean for the physical side of US internet networks? How do interagency battles over next-generation network deployment impact the daily operations of tower climbers, technicians, and engineers?

Shane interviews Todd Schlekeway, president and CEO of NATE: The Communications Infrastructure Contractors Association, on the latest episode of “Explain to Shane.” They discuss how NATE’s members are navigating today’s telecommunications policy issues and working to power both our wired and wireless future networks

What will the next generation of the internet look like? (with Gabrielle Hibbert) Feb 01, 2022

The next generation of the internet, also known as Web3, seeks to permanently change the way our online world functions — namely through blockchain technology, decentralization, and token-based economics. What are the underlying technologies behind Web3, and can it solve the many policy issues we still haven’t gotten right with today’s internet?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Gabrielle Hibbert, a Web3 researcher and developer, to discuss the opportunities and challenges posed by Web3, and how policymakers should approach this new generation of the internet. In the coming year, Gabrielle will also serve as a fellow for the newly created Decentralized Future Council — an initiative to educate policymakers about the decentralized web.

A potential breaking point for tech antitrust (with Matt Perault and Blair Levin) Jan 18, 2022

Several bills seeking to restructure American antitrust law are moving forward in both bodies of Congress. The bills specifically target Big Tech firms — namely Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google — though they follow arbitrary metrics for “bigness,” and don’t address lawmakers’ main concerns with tech platforms. Meanwhile, the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission are also stepping up enforcement against Big Tech. With a Senate markup approaching for one of the bills, we must ask: Is Congress really prepared to pass major antitrust legislation?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Matt Perault, a former Facebook public policy director and professor at the University of North Carolina School of Information & Library Science, along with Blair Levin, nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and policy advisor to New Street Research. The three of them discuss what consumers stand to lose if these bills become law, and the political forces at play in tech antitrust.

Can technology improve supply chain management? (with Glenn Richey) Jan 04, 2022

As today’s supply chain challenges create bottlenecks across the economy, consumers and businesses of all sizes are dealing with unprecedented situations involving lack of component parts, trapped inventory, and delayed deliveries. But what if we could digitize parts of the supply chain and make them more efficient? Where, if at all, can technology contribute?

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane is joined by Glenn Richey, Harbert Eminent Scholar and chair of Auburn University’s Center for Supply Chain Innovation. Glenn shares his expertise on the causes and effects of the current supply chain dilemma, and discusses ways that digitization and artificial intelligence can help boost supply chain efficiency.

Unpacking the complexities of online content moderation (with Julie Owono) Dec 21, 2021

The debate around online content moderation is not slowing down. People remain bitterly divided over whether social media platforms should take down more content, or not moderate at all. But this issue is not limited to the US: Across the world, authoritarian regimes are using online censorship to silence dissenters, and are retaliating against citizens who share certain content online. How are content moderation experts working to solve these ever-complex issues?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Julie Owono to discuss why we need clear principles around online speech — centered on free expression — and how these principles can be applied across different countries. Julie is the executive director of Stanford University’s Content Policy & Society Lab, executive director of Internet Without Borders, and a member of the Facebook Oversight Board.

How is cybersecurity law being constructed? (with Jim Dempsey) Dec 07, 2021

The extent to which lawyers, corporate executives, and government officials focus on cybersecurity fluctuates with the threat level posed by malicious cyber actors. In light of numerous ransomware attacks on critical industries, lawmakers are looking at more regulatory obligations to mitigate the risks these threats pose. Companies, meanwhile, are working to comply with a chaotic patchwork of rules and regulations. The field of cybersecurity law is not systematic, and industries are working through who owns the internal cyber regulatory responsibilities and compliance obligations.

In an effort to create a coherent roadmap for everyone involved in cybersecurity law, Jim Dempsey recently published a book titled Cybersecurity Law Fundamentals. On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane sits down with Jim to discuss his book, along with key lessons that lawmakers, industry leaders, and lawyers would be well-advised to consider when it comes to cyber.

A privacy-friendly digital wallet for children (with Rick Lane) Nov 16, 2021

How can children enjoy the groundbreaking innovations of the digital age with sufficient guardrails around their personal data? What existing laws and regulations aim to protect children online, and what steps must businesses of all sizes take to comply with them?

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane sits down with Rick Lane, founder and CEO of Iggy Ventures, to discuss why his firm chose to advise and invest in Rego Digital Architectures’ Mazoola app. Mazoola is the only independently certified family mobile wallet that is compliant with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 and Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation.

A spectrum roadblock for the wireless industry (with Mike O’Rielly and Harold Feld) Nov 10, 2021

For several years, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has been working to modernize the use of key sections of spectrum airwaves — known as C-band — for commercial deployment. Through a series of auctions, the FCC sold the license rights to C-band airwaves to commercial 5G mobile telecommunications providers, unleashing a massive wave of private investment to enable 5G deployment. But the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recently warned that using C-band for 5G could interfere with air safety, reigniting a multiyear battle that many believe FCC engineers have successfully put to rest. What does the FAA’s warning mean for the future of C-band and continued spectrum deployment in the wireless industry?

On this episode, Shane sits down with former FCC Commissioner Mike O’Rielly and Harold Feld of Public Knowledge to discuss why the FAA issued this warning, how legitimate its safety concerns are, and how the C-band auction winners have responded.

A co-author of Section 230 on the law’s past, present, and future (with Former Rep. Chris Cox) Nov 02, 2021

Congress passed Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in 1996 when the internet was just coming onto the horizon for commercial use, and there was a need to protect nascent platforms from liability for user-generated content. Often coined “the 26 words that created the internet,” Section 230 is widely credited for fostering the innovative ecosystem that created today’s successful social media firms. But a continued controversy over online content moderation has now made Section 230 a target for reform by both parties. How well has Section 230 served its original purpose, and would reforming it do more harm than good?

On this episode, Shane is joined by former Rep. Chris Cox (R-CA), who co-authored Section 230 with then-Rep. (now Senator) Ron Wyden (D-OR). Cox has a long history of public service as a former legal advisor in the Ronald Reagan White House, a member of Congress for 17 years, then as 28th Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission. He is now a member of NetChoice’s board of directors.

Cox joins the podcast to discuss his intent in writing Section 230, the potential costs of reforming the law, and the intersection of Section 230 and private platforms’ First Amendment right of editorial control.

Analyzing Congress' skirmish with Big Tech (with Jennifer Huddleston) Oct 19, 2021

With five bills introduced to the House Judiciary Committee in June of this year, Congress is moving swiftly to rein in what it sees as the market power and abusive business practices of “Big Tech” firms — namely Apple, Amazon, Facebook, and Alphabet Inc.’s Google. What is behind Congress’ push for new antitrust laws targeted at these companies, and how would these laws impact consumers?

On this episode, Shane and AEI co-host Mark Jamison are joined by NetChoice Policy Counsel Jennifer Huddleston for a conversation on what Congress’ proposals would mean for the future of mergers and acquisitions in the tech industry, along with how these proposals would deprive consumers of services they enjoy thanks to Silicon Valley’s culture of “permissionless innovation.”

What’s going on at the Federal Trade Commission? (with Bilal Sayyed — part II) Oct 07, 2021

Under Chairwoman Lina Khan’s leadership, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is undergoing a number of process reforms that are poised to make the commission less democratic by allocating more power to the chair herself. If successful, what impact will these reforms have on the future of the commission — and on the laws it’s tasked with enforcing?

In the second episode of a two-part discussion, Shane and AEI Nonresident Senior Fellow Mark Jamison continue a conversation with Bilal Sayyed on how Chairwoman Khan’s reforms will reshape long-standing policies around how the FTC is run, and on the challenges companies may face under the new FTC’s scrutiny.

You can listen to part one of the discussion here.

What’s going on at the Federal Trade Commission? (with Bilal Sayyed — part I) Oct 05, 2021

Under Chairwoman Lina Khan’s leadership, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is undergoing a number of process reforms that are poised to make the commission less democratic by allocating more power to the chair herself. If successful, what impact will these reforms have on the future of the commission — and on the laws it’s tasked with enforcing?

In the first episode of a two-part discussion, Shane and AEI Nonresident Senior Fellow Mark Jamison co-host a conversation with Bilal Sayyed, former director of the FTC’s Office of Policy Planning and a senior adjunct fellow at TechFreedom. Bilal shares his insights on how Chairwoman Khan’s reforms will reshape long-standing policies around how the FTC is run, and on the challenges companies may face under the new FTC’s scrutiny.

Should Section 230 be reformed? (with Neil Fried) Sep 21, 2021

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act shields online intermediaries such as social media platforms from civil liability for content users post — and reply comments — but also allows them to moderate illegal, lewd, or otherwise harmful content as they see fit. These dual protections afforded to internet-based companies by Section 230 have been credited for the innovation and growth of social media companies, but the law is often criticized across partisan lines. Does Section 230 invite too much content moderation, or too little? And how, if at all, should Section 230 be reformed?

Over the past year, our American Enterprise Institute programming has offered a number of different voices on Section 230 reform — some for, some against, and some undecided. On this episode, Shane is joined by Neil Fried, to hear his argument for why Section 230 should be reformed.

Neil is a former chief counsel for communications and technology to the House Energy and Commerce Committee. He testified before the committee in June 2020 in favor of Section 230 reform. As the founder of DigitalFrontiers Advocacy, he advises clients on media, technology, and copyright law. His recent writings on Section 230 include “Why Section 230 Is Actually a Rule of Un-Civil Procedure,” “The Myth of Internet Exceptionalism,” and “Why Section 230 Isn't Really a Good Samaritan Provision.”

How data privacy laws have upended international trade (with Nigel Cory) Sep 07, 2021

As countries impose new requirements on data collection and governance, the flow of consumer data between countries and business entities is more restricted than ever. For companies that need to comply with these new regulations, it can be challenging to build compliance tools around a patchwork of national laws without upending their fundamental business models. What does the regulatory landscape of today’s data governance world look like? And where, if at all, can regulators, trade experts, and multinational companies find common ground?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Nigel Cory, associate director for trade policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). Nigel discusses how different privacy regimes both in the US and across the globe complicate digital trade, and why there are more barriers to data flows today than ever before.

How are tech firms weathering the challenges of today’s market? (with John Godfrey) Aug 17, 2021

Today, technology companies are facing some of their largest security, supply chain, and regulatory threats ever. Members of Congress, the administration, and Federal Trade Commission are trying to require that firms allow anyone, anywhere to repair their consumer devices — at a high cost to product quality and individual security. Meanwhile, cyberattacks and data breaches are on the rise, and while trying to get next-generation 5G products off the ground, both software and hardware providers are facing massive semiconductor chip shortages. How are large tech companies navigating these challenges?

On this episode, Shane is joined by John Godfrey, Samsung’s acting head of US public affairs and leader of their Washington, DC team. A broadband expert by trade, John is well-versed in a number of issues important to Samsung including “right to repair,” semiconductors, and 5G. John joins the podcast to discuss how Samsung views new regulatory initiatives on Capitol Hill, congressional funding for semiconductor production, and the growth of 5G wireless in the US and beyond.

Understanding the ‘splinternet’ and online security (with Nick Merrill) Aug 03, 2021

The potential for a fragmented, decentralized global internet (or “splinternet”) is a concern on many levels. Two aspects of internet governance are at play here: the technical aspects of connectivity (or lack thereof), and content delivery — in essence, what material is permitted, censored, or filtered. As China, Russia, and authoritarian-leaning regimes advance top-down visions of the internet that reflect their national interests, will the internet fragment further? And what would moving away from the status quo of a free, open internet mean for global cybersecurity?

To help make sense of these complex questions, Shane is joined by Nick Merrill, director of the Daylight Security Research Lab at the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Long-Term Cybersecurity. In addition to recent national news appearances, Nick’s work includes The Internet Atlas — a visual indicator of the global internet’s structural risks. He joins the podcast to discuss how individual countries’ internet governance decisions shape user experiences and the global cybersecurity landscape.

‘Privacy by design’: How to engineer better data governance (with Nishant Bhajaria) Jul 20, 2021

Efforts to legislate data protection (or “privacy”) have become a top priority in the US and Europe. But the real issue at hand is data governance — namely the collection, storage, and deletion of data that companies collect about customers. These companies, especially those whose mobile digital applications collect location data, contacts, and other personal information, now face a patchwork of potential legislation to regulate data access and retention. But what if engineers and corporate leaders could work together to limit data collection risks before their products come to market? And what if privacy protections could evolve to meet consumer preferences around information gathering and sharing by both companies and third-party vendors? Would there be more understanding of how the information is used and less concern over the security of the data retained by these companies?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Nishant Bhajaria, Uber’s head of technical privacy and governance. Nishant’s upcoming book, Privacy Engineering (releasing in August), will offer a roadmap for company executives and engineers to equip their products with greater built-in privacy protections while increasing transparency and accountability for users. Nishant joins the podcast to share points of interest from his book and explain what industry leaders stand to gain from improved data governance.

The future of IP protections for COVID-19 vaccines and beyond (with Michael Rosen) Jul 06, 2021

Intellectual property (IP) has been a hot topic due to the Biden administration’s support of a proposal to waive the World Trade Organization’s Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. Some argue IP protections incentivized vaccine manufacturers to produce what are now the world’s antidotes to the pandemic. But others say these protections are slowing down global vaccination and distribution rates — especially in the developing world. Why did the administration take this stance, and what might this signal about its approach to other IP issues?

On this episode, Shane is joined by AEI Adjunct Fellow Michael Rosen — a frequent author on IP-related incentives for innovation, and on patent reform in Congress and at the US Patent and Trademark Office. He joins the podcast to discuss the state of IP policy, what the administration’s TRIPS waiver stance means for the future of innovation and public health, and how this issue acts as a proxy for the challenges of IP innovation in technology.

The race for quantum computing superiority (with Klon Kitchen) Jun 15, 2021

Due to their ability to calculate multiple complex variables at the same time, quantum computers are poised to permanently change how technology exists in society. But with the advent of quantum computing comes several risks to the US across a range of fields, including national security. How can the US sufficiently advance its quantum computing capabilities and manage the risks that come with them?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Klon Kitchen, an AEI resident fellow in foreign and defense policy. Klon writes frequently on the intersection of technology and national security, and recently published an AEI report titled “Quantum computing: A national security primer.” He joins the podcast to discuss this report and explain what’s at stake for the US in the race for quantum computing superiority.

How to improve trust and safety online (with Clara Tsao) Jun 01, 2021

Trust is a binding agent for society, but the internet was not designed with trust or user safety in mind. And today, trust in the online ecosystem seems to be at a low. How can we reverse this trend?

Many tech companies have trust and safety professionals working behind the scenes on complex issues like content moderation, disinformation, and user privacy. To help unify these efforts and establish best practices, Clara Tsao co-founded the Trust & Safety Professional Association after serving as the Department of Homeland Security’s Chief Technology Officer from 2016–2019. On this episode, Clara joins Shane to explain how the trust and safety industry operates, and how her organization is tackling the challenges of the digital age.

Advancing cybersecurity through software ‘nutrition labels’ (with Allan Friedman) May 18, 2021

Following a wave of recent attacks, cyber and supply chain security are high on the United States’ policy agenda. Software “nutrition labels” are one solution cyber experts are considering; what do these “labels” look like, and how can government and industry work together to ensure their effectiveness?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Allan Friedman, director of cybersecurity initiatives at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). For the last several years, Allan has been working to promote the adoption of Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs) across several industries and government agencies. He joins the podcast to explain how SBOMs can enrich America’s cyber toolbox, and how NTIA can promote their use without direct mandates.

The heavy cost of symmetrical broadband speeds (with Richard Bennett) May 04, 2021

As the pandemic has shifted work, education, and entertainment online, there is a growing appetite in Washington to enhance broadband access across the country. However, some members of Congress and the current administration have advocated for ramping up broadband speeds to a symmetrical 100 megabits per second both upstream and downstream (known as 100/100). Where is the push for this new standard coming from, and what would it mean for the average consumer?

Richard Bennett, founder of High Tech Forum and a co-creator of Wi-Fi, returns to the podcast to explain how 100/100 would burden consumers and fail to connect more Americans to the internet. He and Shane discuss Joe Biden’s infrastructure plan, the digital divide, and more on this episode of “Explain to Shane.”

From idea to interstate: Getting more autonomous vehicles on the road (with Grayson Brulte) Apr 20, 2021

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are gaining traction in states where regulations encourage advanced technology to ride alongside traditional transportation. But in areas where AVs are in everyday traffic, issues like driver safety and data collection are being watched by policymakers. For both innovators and lawmakers, there remain many lessons to be learned about the opportunities and challenges posed by this new technological twist on auto traffic.

On this episode, Shane is joined by Grayson Brulte, co-founder of Brulte & Company — a Florida-based consulting firm that helps AV innovators develop and market their products. Recently, Grayson has discussed the future of self-driving cars with a number of state and local officials on his “Road to Autonomy” podcast, and has led successful AV testing programs in Floridian communities. He joins “Explain to Shane” to discuss the biggest barriers to getting more AVs on the road, and how both manufacturers and passengers should approach them.

What’s next for 12-GHz spectrum? (with V. Noah Campbell and Richard Bennett) Apr 06, 2021

In December 2020, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding the feasibility of allowing commercial operations — both satellite and terrestrial — in the 12.2–12.7 GHz spectrum band. Doing so could expand broadband access and expedite mobile 5G network buildouts; however, incumbents worry that additional commercial activity in the band could potentially interfere with their satellite operations. How can the FCC ensure new use of the 12-GHz band while navigating incumbents’ concerns?

On this episode, Shane is joined by two spectrum policy experts: V. Noah Campbell, co-founder and CEO of Radio Spectrum Access LLC, and Richard Bennett, founder of High Tech Forum and a co-creator of Wi-Fi. Noah discusses how both industry and the FCC can safely increase commercial activity in the 12-GHz band, while Richard gives an engineer’s perspective on what freeing up spectrum entails — in the 12-GHz band and beyond.

Making sense of Australia's standoff with Big Tech (with Bronwyn Howell) Mar 16, 2021

Facing a new law requiring social media firms to pay Australian news providers for their content, Facebook and Google had notably different responses. After expressing brief opposition to the new policy, Google was willing to comply; on the other hand, Facebook blocked all news content on its Australian platform for two days — though later reached a compromise with the government. Why did the two companies approach the issue so differently, and what will Australia’s law mean for the future of tech regulation?

To offer first-hand perspective from “down under,” AEI Adjunct Scholar Bronwyn Howell joins the podcast from Wellington, New Zealand, where she is a professor of business and government at Victoria University of Wellington. In addition to her recent AEI pieces on Australia’s social media dilemma, Bronwyn writes frequently about global telecoms issues and overseas regulation of Big Tech. On this episode, she shares her insights on the regulatory dilemma Australia has unraveled — both for itself and the rest of the world.

Digitizing the barter economy (with Josh Kline) Mar 02, 2021

While stuck indoors during the pandemic, items we want — and sometimes need — are harder to locate. Web retailers offer a quick fix, but what if we need online tutoring, IT help, or athletic coaching? And what if we could offer our own goods and services in return?

In an attempt to overcome the communication barriers of traditional barter exchanges, Josh Kline founded HaveNeed — an app that lets users pay for what they “need” with what they “have.” The app’s algorithm creates pairings and multiparty trade circles that were previously impossible to arrange, and employs innovative security measures to ensure fair transactions. On this episode, Josh joins Shane to share HaveNeed's founding story and his outlook for the app’s future.

Do data protection laws really improve cybersecurity? (with Emily Taylor) Feb 16, 2021

Data protection regulations must strike a difficult balance between individual privacy and cybersecurity. But what happens when a cyberattacker’s identity is masked in the name of privacy? How would existing laws in the European Union, United Kingdom, and India address this dilemma? What can proponents of federal privacy legislation in the US learn from these countries?

On this episode, Shane speaks with Emily Taylor, CEO of Oxford Information Labs and an associate fellow of Chatham House’s international security program. Emily and her Chatham House colleagues recently ran a set of ransomware simulations to test how much (or how little) national laws on cross-border data flows would influence the severity, investigation, and eventual attribution of a cyberattack. She joins “Explain to Shane” to preview her findings and discuss the complex relationship between data protection and cybersecurity.

Data protection, privacy, and the ethics of artificial intelligence (with Christina Montgomery) Feb 02, 2021

Enabling data to flow between enterprise divisions and industry partners enhances our economy, but it’s important that user privacy is protected when the information being shared is about individuals. Data usage will thus continue to be a major topic in tech policy, especially with regard to newer products that use artificial intelligence (AI) to collect and transfer user data. If the US were to pass federal data protection legislation or a federal privacy law, what AI-related measures would need to be included? How can we ensure AI is regulated in a precise manner that protects innovation?

On this episode, Shane is joined by IBM’s Chief Privacy Officer and Ethics Board Co-Chair Christina Montgomery. They discuss how IBM is working to ensure its newest technologies — including AI — handle consumer data in an ethical manner, and why the company supports “precision regulation” of AI under the next administration.

Expanding America's cyber toolbox (with Mieke Eoyang) Jan 19, 2021

Undeterred cyberattacks on American critical infrastructure have increased urgency for improved cyber practices. Heading into the next administration, what can the US do to better prevent cyberattacks and impose consequences on their perpetrators? How do we ensure effective information-sharing between government and industry to thwart future attacks and curtail their potential damage?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Mieke Eoyang, senior vice president of the DC think tank Third Way’s National Security Program and chair of its Cyber Enforcement Initiative. Mieke recently co-authored a piece for Lawfare called, “A Road Map for Tackling Cybercrime,” which outlines key cyber priorities and policy recommendations for the next administration. She also just launched a podcast titled, “To Catch A Hacker,” a true-crime podcast that chronicles how famous cyberattacks were solved. With inauguration approaching, Mieke “explains” how the Biden administration can move the US cybersecurity agenda forward.

How 5G wireless can put more Americans to work (with Michael Mandel and Sal D’Itri) Jan 05, 2021

As US industries turn to next-generation technology for real-time data flows and automation, demand for 5G equipment has fueled a wave of new job opportunities. What best practices can government and industry undertake to help this trend to endure? What spectrum management and regulatory policies will maximize 5G’s potential to create jobs?

On this episode, Shane speaks with Michael Mandel, Chief Economic Strategist at the Progressive Policy Institute (PPI), and Sal D’Itri, Chairman of the National Spectrum Consortium and Vice President and General Manager, Public Sector for Federated Wireless. Together, Sal, Michael, and Shane discuss a PPI report Michael recently co-authored for the National Spectrum Consortium called, “The Third Wave: How 5G Will Drive Job Growth Over the Next Fifteen Years,” which gives government and industry a roadmap for building 5G networks and creating jobs in the process.

Shaping American tech policy at the Federal Communications Commission (with FCC Chairman Ajit Pai) Dec 15, 2020

Under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai’s leadership, the US is experiencing faster internet speeds, a healthy investment in the buildout of 5G networks, more efficient use of spectrum, and notable progress on programs to close the digital divide. Chairman Pai’s FCC has also implemented common-sense reforms such as lowering interstate prison phone rate caps and creating a new suicide hotline. Pai recently announced he would leave the FCC on January 20th, but his legacy will leave a lasting imprint on the agency. Specifically, he will be remembered for his innovation-friendly, light-touch approach to regulatory policy.

On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Shane and AEI’s Daniel Lyons hear from Chairman Pai himself on what lies ahead for the Biden FCC and how the agency has navigated complex issues like 5G, spectrum allocation, and Restoring Internet Freedom.

How coding can transform government (with Amanda Renteria) Dec 01, 2020

In the digital age, how can technology make government more effective? The nonprofit Code for America is training young coders and connecting them with governments in order to digitize “safety net” programs like Medicaid, welfare, and food purchasing assistance. The organization seeks to make these programs more effective and efficient at the local, state, and federal levels by bringing them into a web and mobile friendly environment that helps both the end user and the government agency connect and track benefits.

On this episode, Shane speaks with Code for America CEO Amanda Renteria, a former candidate for elected office and National Political Director for Hillary Clinton’s 2016 presidential campaign. Together, they discuss how Code for America works with federal, state, and local governments to tackle complex political issues through cutting-edge IT solutions.

Municipal broadband: Keeping Americans connected, but at what cost? (with Larry Spiwak and George Ford) Nov 17, 2020

In an effort to give unserved communities internet access, some state and local governments have launched municipal broadband networks. But when City Hall controls the market for a key good like broadband, competition suffers, and consumers are worse off. Is it possible to pre-empt state municipal broadband laws at the federal level, and would sweeping preemptions survive judicial scrutiny?

Larry Spiwak, President of the Phoenix Center for Advanced Legal and Economic Policy Studies, and George Ford, the Phoenix Center’s Chief Economist, recently helped author a report titled, “The Law and Economics of Municipal Broadband,” which outlined the legal and economic ramifications of municipal broadband programs. On this episode of “Explain to Shane,” Larry, George, and Shane discuss alternatives to municipal broadband programs that would help keep Americans connected.

Spectrum re-allocation and 5G at the Federal Communications Commission (with Nathan Leamer) Oct 30, 2020

What are the challenges of reallocating spectrum for commercial use, and how might the resulting “spectrum wars” hinder the rollout of new networks? Furthermore, how has the current Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approached this issue?

On this episode, Nathan Leamer, Vice President of Public Affairs at the strategy firm Targeted Victory and former Policy Advisor to FCC Chairman Ajit Pai, joins Shane to discuss spectrum reallocation, 5G, and how the current FCC has succeeded in a number of its policy endeavors.

Paths forward on privacy: Balancing regulation, innovation, and public safety (with Brian King) Oct 20, 2020

Support for a federal privacy law is gaining bipartisan momentum, but policymakers must consider the burdens that excessive regulation can place on consumers, trademark owners, and even law enforcement. Existing privacy laws in California, Europe, and beyond have had mixed effects. How can they help inform the creation of federal privacy legislation in the US?

On this episode, Shane is joined by Brian King, Director of Internet Policy and Industry Affairs at Clarivate and a representative of the Intellectual Property Constituency at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Together, they discuss how privacy regulations have created legal access challenges to the information that users of data need for compliance with trademark and intellectual property rules, public safety laws, and privacy policies.

The rise of e-sports and competitive gaming (with Lindsay Poss) Oct 06, 2020

While sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, more people are turning to online gaming for safe, virtual entertainment. As a result, the video game market has had exceptional success in recent months. Will the gaming industry continue to surge after the pandemic, and how will attention economy industry leaders navigate the change in viewing habits that come with more eyes on gaming content?

On this episode, Shane and her research assistant William Rau discuss the future of online gaming with Lindsay Poss, Director of Communications at the Technology Policy Institute. Lindsay recently published her first academic paper titled “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Gaming Galaxy,” which explores the economics, politics, and culture of the gaming industry. She joins Shane and William to discuss how COVID-19 has permanently influenced the gaming industry, and why e-sports are more popular than ever before.

Constitution Day special (with Janine Turner, Cathy Gillespie, and Tova Love Kaplan) Sep 16, 2020

Although more young people are getting engaged in politics, civic education is absent from the curriculums of many American high schools and universities. Still, learning about the founding fathers is crucial to understanding why the American political system is unique. As social media platforms take politics online, how can we use technology to educate young people on the United States’ founding principles?

To honor Constitution Day, Shane welcomes three guests from Constituting America — a foundation that seeks to educate America’s youth on the enduring importance of the US constitution. Founder Janine Turner, Co-Chair Cathy Gillespie, and Youth Director Tova Love Kaplan discuss Constituting America’s mission, educational programs, and upcoming Constitution Day celebration on this special edition of “Explain to Shane.”

America's 5G future: Risks and rewards (with Tommy Ross) Sep 15, 2020

For the US rollout of 5G wireless to reach its full potential, network security needs to be a priority. What are the security risks of 5G, and how can the US win the global 5G race?

On this episode, Shane sits down with Tommy Ross, Senior Policy Director at BSA – The Software Alliance and author of BSA’s most recent position paper titled “Securing 5G: A Call to Harness Software Innovation,” which discusses the transition from hardware-dominated networking to a software-centric model for 5G. Together, Shane and Tommy address the availability and importance of 5G network security tools.

The need for federal IT modernization (with Jason Oxman) Sep 01, 2020

Federal information technology (IT) is widely known to be outdated, but proposed legislation in Congress would fast-track federal IT modernization. If passed, the legislation would strengthen the government’s overall security by allowing departments and agencies to bring their systems into the digital innovation era with better cybersecurity and data collection mechanisms. Many agencies realize that upgraded legacy systems are crucial during the COVID-19 crisis. The government needs to change the procurement rules to allow for more emerging technologies that would enable more efficiency from both their IT systems and the employees who deliver their agencies’ services.

On this episode, Jason Oxman, President and CEO of the Information Technology & Innovation Council (ITI) joins Shane to discuss why ITI has made federal IT modernization a priority. Jason’s insights on government investment in cybersecurity and privacy emphasize the extent to which the modernization of critical infrastructure (or lack thereof) will dictate the government’s ability to serve its citizens efficiently.

Contact tracing, data privacy, and ‘check-in culture’ (with Adrian Kinderis) Aug 18, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has fueled a debate about contact tracing apps. Virginia recently rolled out an app that uses Google’s and Apple’s Bluetooth technology to notify users if they’ve been exposed to the virus. However, Australians began using contact tracing months ago, and have since debated the need to balance privacy with government regulation. Technology […]

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The battle for global internet governance (with Dominique Lazanski) Aug 04, 2020

China claims it is tired of western-centric internet governance, and is now seeking to establish a less centralized global internet based on newer, native products that reflect China’s policy agenda. What would the success of China’s model mean for the future of internet governance? What would it mean for human rights? On this episode, Shane […]

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The potential of the digital dollar (with Jim Harper) Jul 21, 2020

What will be the future of electronic payments? What are the advantages of a “digital dollar,” and how has the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way we distribute payments? On this episode, Shane speaks with her colleague Jim Harper, a visiting fellow on AEI’s Technology Policy Studies team. They discuss the growth of digital payment technologies […]

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Global internet governance (with David Gross and Dustin Loup) Jul 20, 2020

What is “internet governance?” Why does it need to be coordinated internationally? And who gets to participate in these discussions? On this episode, Shane speaks with two leading experts on international internet policy. Ambassador David Gross, the former US Coordinator for International Communications and Information Policy, and Dustin Loup, executive director of The Internet Society’s […]

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The American semiconductor industry and its global competition (with John Neuffer) Jul 17, 2020

Shane talks to guest John Neuffer about the vital role of semiconductors and the challenges the industry faces.

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The making of global telecommunications policy (with Grace Koh and Patricia Paoletta, Part II) Jul 16, 2020

Shane and her telecom panel return to discuss China's influence on global telecom policy and what the US must do to support free communications worldwide.

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The making of global telecommunications policy (with Grace Koh and Tricia Paoletta, Part I) Jul 15, 2020

Shane talks with two experts in the realm of international telecommunications about the importance of and challenges to developing global telecom standards.

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Coronavirus, 5G, and restoring internet freedom at the Federal Communications Commission (with Joel Thayer) Jul 14, 2020

Shane and telecom lawyer Joel Thayer take a look at the debates and controversies surrounding recent policy decisions by the FCC, to include COVID-19 and 5G

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“Permissionless innovation” during COVID-19 and beyond (with Adam Thierer) Jul 13, 2020

Shane talks to tech policy analyst Adam Thierer about the regulatory hurdles that plague the tech sector during COVID and regular operations

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The future of micromobility (with Michele Kyrouz) Jul 10, 2020

Transportation expert Michele Kyrouz joins Shane to discuss how the micromobility industry is coping with COVID-19 and the lasting effects for companies.

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Using blockchain to beat COVID-19 (with Shane Bigelow) Jul 09, 2020

Shane Tews talks with Shane Bigelow, CEO of Ownum and Vital Chain, on the role blockchain will play in restarting the post-COVID economy.

The post Using blockchain to beat COVID-19 (with Shane Bigelow) appeared first on American Enterprise Institute - AEI.

Telecom supply chain security and 5G (with David Stehlin) Jul 08, 2020

Shane and guest David Stehlin discuss what makes 5G unique, the challenges facing 5G networks, and the work telecom leaders are doing to make it a success.

The post Telecom supply chain security and 5G (with David Stehlin) appeared first on American Enterprise Institute - AEI.

Broadband network capacity amid the COVID-19 pandemic (with Roger Entner) Jul 07, 2020

In AEI's newest podcast, host Shane Tews talks to telecom expert Roger Entner about how broadband networks are withstanding the strain caused by COVID-19

The post Broadband network capacity amid the COVID-19 pandemic (with Roger Entner) appeared first on American Enterprise Institute - AEI.

Welcome to Explain to Shane! Jul 06, 2020

Join host Shane Tews on the newest AEI Podcast exploring the challenges, benefits, and behind-the-scenes looks at the world of technology: Explain To Shane!

The post Welcome to Explain to Shane! appeared first on American Enterprise Institute - AEI.

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