Daily Bible Reading Podcast

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NL-Day158 2 Samuel 2; Psalm 107:23-43; Romans 11:17-36 May 31, 2026

Show notes

2SAMUEL 2:David heard of Israel's terrible defeat and of Saul and Jonathan's deaths, and he exacted the death sentence from the lying messenger. David and his men mourned for the deaths of Saul and Jonathan, and David composed a funeral song for them.

PSALM 107b:Yesterday I commented on how quickly our culture forgets about God. After a natural disaster, it becomes popular in the media to talk about praying for the victims. But God is not even mentioned, and soon any pretense of awe or fear of God is dropped. But Psalm 107 speaks of people who see God's hand at work and make lasting changes. The poem ends with this summary:

NLT The godly will see these things and be glad,while the wicked are struck silent.43 Those who are wise will take all this to heart;they will see in our history the faithful love of the LORD.

ROMANS 11b:Paul comes to the end of a long parenthesis at the end of this chapter. He ends with a conclusion just before a doxology:

NLT 33 Oh, how great are God's riches and wisdom and knowledge! How impossible it is for us to understand his decisions and his ways!34 For who can know the LORD's thoughts?Who knows enough to give him advice?35 And who has given him so muchthat he needs to pay it back?

NLT Translation notes:Rom 11:11 Did God's people stumble and fall beyond recovery? Of course not! They were disobedient, so God made salvation available to the [non-Jews//Gentiles]. But he wanted his own people to become jealous and claim it for themselves.12 Now if the [non-Jews//Gentiles] were enriched because the people of Israel turned down God's offer of salvation, think how much greater a blessing the world will share when they finally accept it.13 I am saying all this especially for you [non-Jews//Gentiles]. God has appointed me as [an//the] apostle to the [non-Jews//Gentiles]. I stress this,14 for I want somehow to make the people of Israel jealous of what you [non-Jews//Gentiles] have, so I might save some of them. 16 And since Abraham and the other patriarchs were holy, their descendants will also be holy—just as the entire batch of dough is holy because the portion given as an offering [to God] is holy. For if the roots of the tree are holy, the branches will be, too.17 But some of these branches from Abraham's tree—some of the people of Israel—have been broken off. And you [non-Jews//Gentiles], who were [like] branches from a wild olive tree, have been grafted in. So now you also receive the blessing God has promised Abraham and his children, sharing in the rich nourishment from the root of God's special olive tree.21 For if God did not spare the original branches, he won'tf spare you either [if you turn from your belief].25 I want you to understand this mystery, dear brothers and sisters,g so that you will not feel proud about yourselves. Some of the people of Israel have hard hearts, but this will last only until the full number of [non-Jews//Gentiles] comes to Christ.28 Many of the people of Israel are now enemies of the Good News, and this benefits you [non-Jews//Gentiles]. Yet they are still the people he loves because he chose their ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.30 Once, you [non-Jews//Gentiles] were rebels against God, but when the people of Israel rebelled against him, God was merciful to you instead.31 Now they are the rebels, and God's mercy has come to you so that they, too, will [some day/eventually] share in God's mercy.

Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.

NL-Day157 2 Samuel 1; Psalm 107:1-22; Romans 11:1-24 May 31, 2026

Show notes

2SAMUEL 1:David returned from being sent home from the battle with Israel only to find that his town had been ransacked by the Amalekites. He found strength in God, asked for God to direct him, and succeeded in retrieving everything, and even much more. However in Israel, Saul and his three sons died, and the Israelite army was completely defeated.

PSALM 107a:We come to another of my favorite psalms. In E.C. Olsen's book on the psalms (which is a transcription of his radio programs) he said that this psalm has a message for America. That message is in the repeated refrain found in this psalm. Then Olsen gave examples of the Great Depression starting in 1929, the Dust Bowl plagues in 1933-34, and the drought of 1936. Olsen observed, "Do you think we heeded [God's warnings]? Indeed not. … Did we cease our wicked doings? Indeed not." And I similarly ask about the increasing pace of disasters right now. My observation is that we as a nation turned to God when we confronted the first disasters. But our turning to God lasted only a few days. Now, even as natural disasters multiply, we steadfastly talk of Climate Change and never talk about God. Consequently, we do NOT do like the people we hear about in this psalm.

ROMANS 11a:As Paul said in his topic sentence in this book (Rom. 1:16-17), the way God has revealed for making people right with himself is— from start to finish, by means of fully believing. In chapter 10 we have a great and succinct summation of the content that we are to 'fully believe'. Our confessing the belief that is in our hearts is also important. At the end of chapter 10 there are a series of Old Testament quotes. Two of those quotes are about the non-Jews. Paul was not changing his topic. He is still talking about Jewish rejection of the Gospel. The two Old Testament prophecies about the non-Jews (19-20) are quoted as a powerful sign to the Jews. This is the topic Paul continues with in chapter 11.

NLT Translation notes:Rom 11:11 Did God's people stumble and fall beyond recovery? Of course not! They were disobedient, so God made salvation available to the [non-Jews//Gentiles]. But he wanted his own people to become jealous and claim it for themselves.12 Now if the [non-Jews//Gentiles] were enriched because the people of Israel turned down God's offer of salvation, think how much greater a blessing the world will share when they finally accept it.13 I am saying all this especially for you [non-Jews//Gentiles]. God has appointed me as [an//the] apostle to the [non-Jews//Gentiles]. I stress this,14 for I want somehow to make the people of Israel jealous of what you [non-Jews//Gentiles] have, so I might save some of them. 16 And since Abraham and the other patriarchs were holy, their descendants will also be holy—just as the entire batch of dough is holy because the portion given as an offering [to God] is holy. For if the roots of the tree are holy, the branches will be, too.17 But some of these branches from Abraham's tree—some of the people of Israel—have been broken off. And you [non-Jews//Gentiles], who were [like] branches from a wild olive tree, have been grafted in. So now you also receive the blessing God has promised Abraham and his children, sharing in the rich nourishment from the root of God's special olive tree.21 For if God did not spare the original branches, he won't spare you either [if you turn from your belief].25 I want you to understand this mystery, dear brothers and sisters, so that you will not feel proud about yourselves. Some of the people of Israel have hard hearts, but this will last only until the full number of [non-Jews//Gentiles] comes to Christ.28 Many of the people of Israel are now enemies of the Good News, and this benefits you [non-Jews//Gentiles]. Yet they are still the people he loves because he chose their ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.30 Once, you [non-Jews//Gentiles] were rebels against God, but when the people of Israel rebelled against him, God was merciful to you instead.

NL-Day156 1 Samuel 30-31; Psalm 106:24-48; Romans 10:1-11:2a May 31, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 30-31:The Philistines mustered their armies for full-scale war with Saul and the Israelites. Saul had already done a right thing in expelling all the mediums from Israel. But, since God had turned from him and would not answer him, he resorted to a medium during his darkest hour. It does not bother me too much to say that God spoke through that medium. It seems so by the evidence. But if so, it was an exception. God's word says to never consult a medium. In fact, mediums are to be stoned to death. David was preparing to go to war in support of Achish, or was he really?!

PSALM 106b:Psalm 106 is a companion to 105, as it again is a historical psalm. I see a very significant correspondence with the section of Romans we are now reading. Can you see it?

Re-reading ROMANS 10, plus 11:1-2a:Some of the most famous and often quoted words of the New Testament are in this chapter. Paul continues to compare and contrast God's way vs. the Jewish default way.

NLT Translation notes:Ps. 106:34 [And then] Israel failed to destroy the nations in the land,as the LORD had commanded them.====Rom. 10:6 But faith's way of getting right with God says, "Don't say in your heart, 'Who will go up to heaven [for us]?' (to bring Christ down to earth).7 And don't say, 'Who will go down to the place of the dead [for us]?' (to bring Christ back to life again)." 8 In fact, it says,"The message is very close at hand;it is on your lips and in your heart."And that message is the very message about [fully believing which//faith that] we preach: 11 As the Scriptures tell us, "Anyone who [believes//trusts] in him will never be disgraced."[Here in rapid succession, NLT used three English words for one word in Greek. I continue to maintain that using one word will help us understand what Paul is saying. I think the NLT would be better if either 'trust' or 'believe' were used consistently. 'Faith' is too fuzzy and abstract in English, which can lead to strange, unbiblical interpretations.]17 So [people fully believe through//faith comes from] hearing, that is, hearing the Good News about Christ. 19 But I ask, did the people of Israel really understand? Yes, they did, for even in the time of Moses, God said,"I will rouse your jealousy through people who are not even a nation.I will provoke your anger through the foolish [non-Jews//Gentiles]."

NL-Day155 1 Samuel 28-29; Psalm 106:1-27; Romans 10 May 31, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 28-29:Saul came after David again with 3,000 men, and David showed his integrity again and his daring. But even though Saul repented again, David made the decision to get out of the country so that he would not continually be in danger. He went to Achish the Philistine king in Gath. The part about the raids upon three enemy people groups is not one of the noble chapters of David's life.

PSALM 106a:Psalm 106 is a companion to 105, as it again is a historical psalm. I see a very significant correspondence with the section of Romans we are now reading. Can you see it?

ROMANS 10a:In our second reading in Romans 9 we saw that the differing responses of the Jews vs. the non-Jews to the Good News was already predicted by God. The majority rejection of the Gospel by the Jews was no surprise to God. People today continue to stumble over the 'great rock' God has placed in their path.

NLT Translation notes:Rom. 10:8 In fact, it says,"The message is very close at hand;it is on your lips and in your heart."And that message is the very message about [fully believing//faith] that we preach: 11 As the Scriptures tell us, "Anyone who [believes//trusts] in him will never be disgraced."[Here in rapid succession, NLT used three English words for one word in Greek. I continue to maintain that using one word will help us understand what Paul is saying. I think either 'trust' or 'believe' could be used consistently. 'Faith' is too fuzzy and abstract in English.]17 So [people fully believe through//faith comes from] hearing, that is, hearing the Good News about Christ.19 But I ask, did the people of Israel really understand? Yes, they did, for even in the time of Moses, God said,"I will rouse your jealousy through people who are not even a nation.I will provoke your anger through the foolish [non-Jews//Gentiles]."

NL-Day154 1 Samuel 26-27; Psalm 105:23-45; Romans 9:6-33 May 31, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 26-27:Yesterday we heard the story of the cur Nabal and his intelligent and beautiful wife, Abigail. After Nabal was struck down by the Lord, Abigail became one of David's wives.

PSALM 105b:Today's psalm is for teaching and reminding each generation of the children of Israel about the great things God has done for the Jewish people.

ROMANS 9b:Note that we have entered a difficult section of Romans. Romans 12 starts with, "Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God's mercies, …" But if you look back at what goes right before that in chapter 11, that doesn't seem to be what Paul is going back to with the word 'Therefore'. Can you find what Paul was going back to and how the sections we will read for the next few days fit together?

NLT Translation notes:Ps. 105:37 The LORD [then] brought his people out of Egypt, loaded with silver and gold;and not one among the tribes of Israel even stumbled.====Rom. 9:24 And we are among those whom he selected, both from the Jews and from the [non-Jews//Gentiles].25 Concerning the [non-Jews//Gentiles], God says in the prophecy of Hosea,"Those who were not my people,I will now call my people.And I will love thosewhom I did not love before."30 What does all this mean? Even though the [non-Jews//Gentiles] were not trying to follow God's standards, they were made right with God. And it was by [their fully believing//faith] that this took place. 32 Why not? Because they were trying to get right with God by keeping the law instead of by [fully believing his promises//trusting in him]. They stumbled over the great rock in their path. [Here the NLT was inconsistent. Before now they have used 'believe' and 'faith' to translate the same root 'pistews' And now they used 'trust'. Of course, every word of every language has a range of meanings. I have no problem with translating 'pisteos' as 'trust', per se. It is just that using 'trust' here does not help us see the continuity of what Paul has been saying in this book. I would be quite happy to go back through all of Romans and change 'fully believing' to 'fully trusting'. It is important we keep the cohesion between v.32, 33, and 10:4.]33 God warned them of this in the Scriptures when he said,"I am placing a stone in Jerusalem that makes people stumble,a rock that makes them fall.But anyone who [believes//trusts] in himwill never be disgraced."

NL-Day153 1 Samuel 25; Psalm 105:1-23; Romans 8:28-9:24 May 31, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 25:God gave protection and victory to David. In a scene that must have caused Saul's men to roll their eyes several times, Saul was humbled before them as David directly confronted him. But after making peace, they didn't go back to the capital together.

PSALM 105a:Today's psalm is for teaching and reminding each generation of the children of Israel about the great things God has done for the Jewish people.

ROMANS 9a:What wonderful promises God has given to us in chapter 8 of Romans! That chapter always reminds me of a time when a Christian leader did wrong to me, and then said that it really didn't matter because it would all turn out OK because of Romans 8:28. That is the ultimate of hypocrisy! It ruined that verse for me for a long time. But God DOES indeed work all things for good for all of us who fulfill the conditions stated. This chapter also reminds me of Eloise Burson— the wife of one of my spiritual fathers, Richard. Some years after her husband's death, she showed me how her Bible— if you just let it fall open, would always open to Romans 8. There is no richer passage to meditate on or to memorize.

Note that we are entering a difficult section of Romans. Romans 12 starts with "Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God's mercies, …" But if you look back at what goes right before that in chapter 11, that doesn't seem to be what Paul is going back to with the word 'Therefore' and 'mercies'. Can you find what Paul was going back to and how the sections we will read for the next few days fit together?

NLT Translation notes:Rom. 8:33 Who will accuse God's chosen people? God himself declares them not guilty!34 Who, then, will condemn [us//them]? Not Christ Jesus, who died, or rather, who was raised to life and is at the right side of God, pleading with him for us!37 [No, but//That's true, but//No,] in all these things we have complete victory through him who loved us!Rom. 9:24 And we are among those whom he selected, both from the Jews and from the [non-Jews//Gentiles].25 Concerning the [non-Jews//Gentiles], God says in the prophecy of Hosea,"Those who were not my people,I will now call my people.And I will love thosewhom I did not love before."30 What does all this mean? Even though the [non-Jews//Gentiles] were not trying to follow God's standards, they were made right with God. And it was by [their fully believing//faith] that this took place. 32 Why not? Because they were trying to get right with God by keeping the lawo instead of by [fully believing his promises//trusting in him]. They stumbled over the great rock in their path. [Here the NLT was inconsistent. Before now they have used 'believe' and 'faith' to translate the same root 'pistews' And now they used 'trust'. Of course, every word of every language has a range of meanings. I have no problem with translating 'pisteos' as trust, per se. It is just that using 'trust' here does not help us see the continuity of what Paul has been saying in this book. I would be quite happy to go back through all of Romans and change 'fully believing' to 'fully trusting'. It is important we keep the cohesion between v.32, 33,and 10:4.]33 God warned them of this in the Scriptures when he said,"I am placing a stone in Jerusalem that makes people stumble,a rock that makes them fall.But anyone who [believes//trusts] in himwill never be disgraced."

NL-Day152 1 Samuel 23-24; Psalm 104:19-35; Romans 8:12-39 May 31, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 23-24:As David fled from Saul, he went for help to Ahimelech the priest. He needed food and wanted to consult with the Lord, and it happened that Ahimelech also gave him Goliath's sword. This resulted later in Ahimilech's death and the deaths of all of Ahimilech's family— except one, Abiathar.

PSALM 104b:This psalm starts and ends with the same refrain, and it is the same refrain as in Psalm 103. This psalm expounds on the majesty of God— especially as seen in His creation.

ROMANS 8b:The power behind the new lives that God wants us to live is the Holy Spirit. A side observation here: We can see that the Holy Spirit can equally be called the Spirit of God and the Spirit of Christ (vs. 9-11). He is the power for transformation in our lives. But having God's Spirit in our lives does not mean that we will not suffer. In the second half of today's reading, note the Holy Spirit's role for us in the midst of our sufferings. Then at the end of the chapter, note the wonderful promises given to us!

Four times in Romans 8 Paul refers to us as God's 'sons'. Both NLT and GNT have translated 'sons' as 'children'. That would normally be deemed an acceptable translation, but this time translating using the word 'sons' is better, as long as there is a footnote that will give an explanation. So let me give a footnote now. Just as men feel a bit squeamish about being included in the 'bride of Christ' in Ephesians, I am sure there are some women who will not feel comfortable being included as sons. But look for the treasure here! Both Romans 8 and Ephesians 1:5 show that we are given legal status as adopted sons. Paul shows this by using a legal term for 'sonship' in those two chapters, which would have reminded his readers that in Roman law, the adoption of a son could not be undone. That's the treasure! God has made the unchangeable decision that we would be his legally adopted sons and have all the rights and privileges of that status. Thank the Lord for our union with his Son, Jesus! In the middle of the references to 'sons' in Romans 8, Paul also used the Greek word that means 'children'. The alternation between 'sons' and 'children' is part of the reason that I think the use of 'sons' was important to Paul.

NLT Translation notes:Ps. 104:21 Then the young lions roar for their prey,stalking the food provided by [You, O] God.34 May all my thoughts be pleasing to [You, O God//him],for I rejoice in [in You, O Lord//the LORD].====Rom. 8:5 Those who are dominated by the sinful nature [just] think about sinful things, but those who are controlled by the Holy Spirit think about things that please the Spirit.9 But you are not controlled by your sinful nature [any longer]. You are controlled by the Spirit if you have the Spirit of God living in you. (And remember that those who do not have the Spirit of Christ living in them do not belong to him at all.) 10 [0/And] Christ lives within you, so even though your body will die because of sin, the Spirit gives you life because you have been made right with God.

NL-Day151 1 Samuel 21-22; Psalm 104:1-18; Romans 8:1-30 May 24, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 21-22:Yesterday we heard the touching story of David and Jonathan's deep friendship, and how Jonathan realized at last the secret plot that his father, Saul, had against David. Jonathan seems to have been a prophet, for he realized that he would not succeed his father as king.

PSALM 104a:This is a companion with Psalm 103. This psalm also starts and ends with the same refrain as the one in Psalm 103. This poem expounds on the majesty of God.

ROMANS 8a:Paul said something in 7:5 that he felt needed to be explained from verse 7 to the end of chapter 7. (Of course there were no chapters or verses when Paul wrote it.) He said that the Law "aroused evil desires." How could something good seemingly do something evil? Be sure to always link what Paul was saying before this explanation with what comes after it. Give the part after that explanation (chapter 8) priority. Keep in mind that the explanation that Paul makes (a long parenthesis (after 7:7) about how evil desires work) is not supposed to be our pattern for living now. Our pattern for living is explained in this chapter!

NL-Day150 1 Samuel 20; Psalm 103; Romans 7:7-8:4 May 24, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 20:Yesterday we heard the slow escalation of David's problems stemming from Saul's jealousy. Saul made David his son-in-law, but only because of the hope that David would be killed by the Philistines. For only the first time in yesterday's reading, we heard how Saul was humbled because of the results of acting on his jealousy. But he doesn't learn from it.

PSALM 103:How it must please the Lord when we pray this psalm, which is another favorite! Note that the psalm starts and ends with the same line.

ROMANS 7:8—8:4:The second key to being released from the power of sin is God's Spirit! (v.6) Paul then launched into an exposition of what he meant in verse 5: "When we were controlled by our old nature, sinful desires were at work within us, and the law aroused these evil desires that produced a harvest of sinful deeds, resulting in death." The explanation that extends from verse 7 to the end of the chapter should NOT be construed to negate what he said in verse 6, in the preceding chapters, and in chapter 8!

Notice that in the second half of chapter 7, Paul stops mentioning Christ. That's a hint that he is not talking about our life in union with Christ. Also, I found it interesting to do a search of Romans searching for the word 'Spirit'. Look at the pattern of where the word 'Spirit' is used!

NLT Translation notes:Rom. 7:10 and [might as well as killed me. I died— spiritually speaking.//I died]. So I discovered that the law's commands, which were supposed to bring life, brought spiritual death instead. 11 Sin took advantage of those commands and deceived me; it used the commands to kill me [— (because I couldn't keep them)]. 15 I don't really understand [my own self//myself], for I want to do what is right, but I don't do it. Instead, I do what I hate. 20 But if I do what I don't want to do, I am not really the one doing [the] wrong; it is sin living in me that does it.23 But there is another powere within me that is at war with my mind. This power makes me a slave to the sin that [lives on//is] [0/still] within me. [PET 24-25] [So you see how it [was//is]: In my mind I really want to obey God's law, but because of my sinful nature I am a slave to sin.///[NLT] 24Oh, what a miserable person I am! Who will free me from this life that is dominated by sin and death? 25Thank God! The answer is in Jesus Christ our Lord[./!] //So you see how it is: In my mind I really want to obey God's law, but because of my sinful nature I am a slave to sin.][It seems to me (and I am not alone in this) that reordering Paul's words here helps to remove the impression that Paul is contradicting everything he has said so far about the believer's victory over the power of sin. From verse 7 on, Paul is expounding on verse 5: "When we were controlled by our old nature,b sinful desires were at work within us, and the law aroused these evil desires that produced a harvest of sinful deeds, resulting in death." If I am right, then, NLT is wrong to use the present tense in "you see how it is". I don't have a problem with this connecting phrase showing the logical connection. I just want to change the verb tense. The Greek only says, "So then," which is really enough.This is a very unfortunate chapter break (not made by Paul but by Robert Estienne around 1552). This chapter division has contributed to the wrong understanding of the end of this chapter. I recommend that everyone always keep reading past it!]

NL-Day149 1 Samuel 18-19; Psalm 102; Romans 6:19-7:17 May 24, 2026

Show notes

1SAMUEL 18-19:In yesterday's story, David showed that he was more concerned with God's reputation than for his own safety. May we all face our imposing enemies with more belief in the unseen God than in the very present enemies!

PSALM 102:This psalm starts out like the prayer of anyone in distress and trouble calling out to God. As we read further, many see parallels with what our Savior would have prayed in his darkest days on earth.

ROMANS 6:19—7:The last verse of yesterday's reading shows why it is better to take what we are given, rather than what we have earned! This is a big problem for some. My Dad's "having lived a good life" was one of the biggest blocks to him humbly coming to God and receiving the gift of eternal life. I don't think he ever understood how God would not be so impressed by his supposed integrity. The spiritual reality expressed starting at the beginning of the 6th chapter is a key to place along with a second key that we will hear about in today's chapter.

NLT Translation notes:Ps. 102:15Then the nations will tremble before [You,//the] LORD.The kings of the earth will tremble before [your/his] glory.16 For [You//the] LORD will rebuild Jerusalem.[You/He] will appear in his glory.17 [You/He] will listen to the prayers of the destitute.[You/He] will not reject their pleas.====Rom. 7:10 and [might as well as killed me. I died— spiritually speaking.//I died]. So I discovered that the law's commands, which were supposed to bring life, brought spiritual death instead. 11 Sin took advantage of those commands and deceived me; it used the commands to kill me [— (because I couldn't keep them)]. 15 I don't really understand [my own self//myself], for I want to do what is right, but I don't do it. Instead, I do what I hate. 20 But if I do what I don't want to do, I am not really the one doing [the] wrong; it is sin living in me that does it.23 But there is another powere within me that is at war with my mind. This power makes me a slave to the sin that [lives on//is] [0/still] within me. [PET 24-25] [So you see how it [was//is]: In my mind I really want to obey God's law, but because of my sinful nature I am a slave to sin.///[NLT] 24Oh, what a miserable person I am! Who will free me from this life that is dominated by sin and death? 25Thank God! The answer is in Jesus Christ our Lord[./!] //So you see how it is: In my mind I really want to obey God's law, but because of my sinful nature I am a slave to sin.][It seems to me (and I am not alone in this) that reordering Paul's words here helps to remove the impression that Paul is contradicting everything he has said so far about the believer's victory over the power of sin. From verse 7 on, Paul is expounding on verse 5: "When we were controlled by our old nature,b sinful desires were at work within us, and the law aroused these evil desires that produced a harvest of sinful deeds, resulting in death." If I am right, then, NLT is wrong to use the present tense in "you see how it is". I don't have a problem with this connecting phrase showing the logical connection. I just want to change the verb tense. The Greek only says, "So then," which is really enough.This is a very unfortunate chapter break (not made by Paul but by Robert Estienne around 1552). This chapter division has contributed to the wrong understanding of the end of this chapter. I recommend that everyone always keep reading past it!]

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