BrainStuff

Did the Maya Civilization Fall Because of Climate Change? May 06, 2024

It wasn't a total cultural collapse, but several Maya cities were abandonded all around the same time. Learn how natural and human-driven climate change may have been key in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/climate-change-end-mayan-civilization.htm/printable

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the History of Nail Polish? May 05, 2024

The nail polishes popular today owe their existence to the automotive industry, but the history of nail colors and varnishes goes back millennia. Learn the history of nail polish in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/nail-care/tips/colorful-history-nail-polish.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Dogs Get Embarrassed When We Put Them in Costumes? May 04, 2024

The photos on social media are arguably the cutest, but how do dogs feel when we dress them up? Can dogs feel emarrassment? Learn what science has to say in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/do-dogs-get-embarrassed.htm

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If a Stop Light Is Stuck on Red, What Can You Do? May 03, 2024

If a traffic light seems stuck on red, you're not stuck too. Learn what's legal and what's safe to try in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/if-light-is-stuck-on-red-are-stuck-too.htm

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How Did Benedict Arnold Become So Infamous? May 02, 2024

Benedict Arnold is the United States' most famous traitor. Learn about his journey from hero to villain of the Revolutionary War in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/benedict-arnold.htm

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How Do Pallas's Cats Work? May 01, 2024

These small, wild cats with famously grumpy expressions are uniquely adapted to their frigid high-altitude environtments. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/pallas-cat.htm

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What's the Difference Between Sociopathy and Psychopathy? Apr 30, 2024

Popular culture throws around the terms 'sociopath' and 'psychopath' a lot, but neither is a real mental health diagnosis. Learn about the actual traits and conditions behind these terms in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/mental-disorders/sociopath-vs-psychopath.htm

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Are Humans Built to Drink Milk After Childhood? Apr 19, 2024

The majority of humans become lactose intolerant as they grow up. Learn how ancient herders changed our digestive gene pool in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/humans-built-drink-milk-adults.htm

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How Should You Escape a Sinking Car? Apr 18, 2024

https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/auto-safety-testing/escape-sinking-car.htm; https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/auto-glass.htm

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How Do Cherry Blossom Trees Work? Apr 17, 2024

Cherry blossom trees are so celebrated because their beautiful blooms are so short-lived. Learn about these trees (and how so many wound up in Washington, D.C.) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/cherry-blossom.htm

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How Did Bessie Stringfield Shape Motorcycle History? Apr 16, 2024

Starting in the 1930s, this adventurous Black woman toured the U.S., performed stunts, and served her country on motorcycles. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/bessie-stringfield.htm

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How Do Squirrels Organize Their Hoards? Apr 15, 2024

It turns out that some tree squirrels have complex organization systems for their stashes. Learn how they hide and find exactly what they want in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrels-really-organize-nuts.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Makes Some Lakes Explode? Mar 18, 2024

Given the right depth, temperature, and access to volcanic gases, lakes can explode and kill thousands in the process. Learn how these limnic eruptions happen in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/what-makes-killer-lake-explode.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Palm Oil in So Many Things? Mar 17, 2024

Palm oil is in lots of foods, cosmetics, and household products -- and that's a very serious thing. Learn the problems (and solutions) that palm oil presents in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/palm-oil-is-everywhere-heres-why-that-matters.htm

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Where Did the Word 'OK' Come From? Mar 16, 2024

OK may be the most frequently spoken word in the world -- but what does it stand for? How did it get here? Learn the etymology behind it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article -- okay? Okay! https://people.howstuffworks.com/history-ok.htm

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Should You Beware the Ides of March? Mar 15, 2024

The Ides of March is an artifact of an ancient Roman calendar that's stuck with us thanks to Julius Caesar getting himself assassinated and William Shakespeare writing about it. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/ides-of-march.htm

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How Do Fruit Bats Work? Mar 14, 2024

The many species of fruit bats around the world help pollinate our plants and spread their seeds far and wide. Learn more about these flying mammals in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/fruit-bats.htm

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What Are Meat Sweats? Mar 13, 2024

Sometimes, foods that require more effort for our bodies to digest (like meats) can cause us to sweat. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/are-meat-sweats-real-thing.htm

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How Did Susan B. Anthony Work? Mar 05, 2024

Susan B. Anthony went from a radical arrested for placing a vote to an honoree on U.S. currency within a century. Learn more about her life and work in both abolition and women's suffrage in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/susan-b-anthony.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens When Elevator Cables Break? Mar 04, 2024

Elevators cables are inspected on the regular, but what happens when one breaks? Learn about the ingenious systems that keep elevators safe when even the worst happens in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/question730.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can I Donate My Brain to Science? Mar 03, 2024

Researchers, like zombies, are interested in brains of all kinds. Learn a few basics about how donating your brain to science works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/5-things-didnt-know-about-donating-brain-to-science.htm

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Why Is the Ocean Different Colors? Mar 02, 2024

The ocean can appear to be many different shades of blue (and green, and even violet) -- but all water is clear. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/why-is-ocean-different-colors-different-places.htm

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Are You Picturing the Right Brachiosaurus? Mar 01, 2024

Confusion about what a Brachiosaurus is started the moment paleontologists discovered one. Learn about these long-armed sauropods (and about the dino cousin they're often pictured as, Giraffatitan) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/brachiosaurus.htm

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How Does Critical Race Theory Work? Feb 29, 2024

The term 'critical race theory' started causing a lot of buzz back in 2020, but what does it really mean? And is it being taught in schools? Learn about this academic theory in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/critical-race-theory-news.htm

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Is Oxytocin Really A Love Drug? Feb 28, 2024

Our brains release the hormone oxytocin during pleasant circumstances and bonding experiences -- but can we really take it to induce those experiences? Learn why it's complicated in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: thttps://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/endocrine/oxytocin.htm

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How Do Pistol Shrimp Work? Feb 27, 2024

Pistol shrimp (aka snapping shrimp) can 'shoot' bubbles that go off louder than a gun and will stun prey or dig into rock. Learn more (including how they're inspiring nuclear fission research) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/pistol-shrimp.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Did London Once Have a Train for the Dead? Feb 17, 2024

As London grew throughout the 1800s, it became clear that there wasn't enough real estate for its deceased citizens. Learn how the London Necropolis Railway took the funerary show on the road in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Beer Foam Last Longer Than Soda Foam? Feb 16, 2024

Beer and soda both form sudsy bubbles when you pour them, so why does soda's foam dissipate while beer's forms a head? Learn about foam physics in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/beer-form-head-not-soda.htm

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How Did Maya Angelou Work? Feb 15, 2024

Maya Angelou was a people's poet -- an artist, activist, and teacher whose words resonate from Supreme Court Justices to internet memes. Learn more about her through a few of her own quotes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/maya-angelou-quotes.htm To hear more from today's writer, Yves Jeffcoat, listen to her podcast, On Theme: https://www.ontheme.show/

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How Does Scurvy Work? Feb 14, 2024

Scurvy is a serious condition that's easily cured with access to vitamin C. Learn why humans get it (and why it was the scourge of the high seas) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/rare/scurvy.htm

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Do Cows Really Pollute As Much As Cars? Feb 13, 2024

Cattle burp so much methane into our atmosphere that it's the equivalent of how much cars pollute every day. Learn what researchers are trying to do about the gassy situation in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/methane-cow.htm

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Where Does Earth's Water Come From? Feb 06, 2024

The water cycle brings Earth's water from the clouds to the ground and back again -- but how did it get here in the first place? Learn about the leading theories in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/water-come-from.html

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Why Does the Orchid Mantis Imitate Flowers? Feb 05, 2024

These mantises look like beautiful, bright orchids -- and some use that to aggressively attract prey. Learn more in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/orchid-mantis.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: When We Lose Weight, Where Does It Go? Feb 04, 2024

When we lose weight, it doesn't just vanish. Learn how our bodies shrink fat cells in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/weight-loss/lost-weight.htm/printable

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BrainStuff Classics: What Can Probiotics Really Do? Feb 03, 2024

Some claims make it sound like probiotics are a cure-all, but what has research found so far? Learn more about these supplements for your microbiome in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/preventive-care/probiotic.htm

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Is Jaywalking Still a Crime? Feb 02, 2024

As a pedestrian, crossing the street wherever you want can be dangerous -- which is why it's still technically illegal in many American jurisdictions. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/accidents-hazardous-conditions/jaywalking-crime.htm

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Why Is the Bradford Pear Tree Bad – Even Beyond the Smell? Feb 01, 2024

Though beautiful, Bradford pear trees are invasive in the U.S., use up precious water, are brittle -- and smell decidedly funky. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/whats-that-smell-dreaded-bradford-pear.htm

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How Does Burns Night Work? Jan 25, 2024

To celebrate the anniversary of poet Robert Burns' birth on January 25, 1759, Scottish people all over the world observe Burns Night each year. Learn about the verse, the bagpipes, and of course the haggis in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-other/get-out-haggis-its-burns-night.htm

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How Do White Dwarf Stars Shred Planets? Jan 24, 2024

White dwarfs have almost all the mass of a normal star squished into a ball the size of our Earth -- and that comes with a lot of gravitational power. Learn how they can tear planets to shreds in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/white-dwarfs-shred-planets.htm

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How Do Axolotls Work? Jan 23, 2024

These adorable aquatic salamanders are voracious hunters -- and have myth-like powers of regeneration. Learn more about the axolotl in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/endangered-species/axolotl.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Stop Signs Red? Jan 22, 2024

Stop signs were always the red octagons we know today -- so how was the color chosen, and why has it stuck? Learn about the history and psychology of red traffic signals in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Test Middle Schoolers' Fitness? Jan 21, 2024

From the outdated Presidential Fitness Test to today's FITNESSGRAM, Americans have been giving standardized fitness tests to middle school kids for decades. Learn the past and present of these exams in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/exercise/could-pass-kids-middle-school-fitness-test.htm

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Are Burner Phones Really Anonymous? Jan 20, 2024

Buying a cheap phone containing prepaid minutes and texts with cash can help you preserve anonymity in some ways, but companies and governments still have ways of listening in. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/burner-phones.htm

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When Did Scientists Hide Under Beds to Do Research? Jan 19, 2024

In the early 1900s, psychologists went to great lengths to study their subjects without letting them know they were being watched. Learn more about their research (and about how ethical standards would prevent it from happening today) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/ridiculous-history-when-scientists-hid-beds-do-research.htm

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How Can Bacteria Change the World? Jan 18, 2024

Bacteria may be tiny, but we can harness them to create food and medicine, to detect landmines and make blood safe for transfusions. Learn what we're still learning about how bacteria shape us and our world in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/bacteria-communication.htm
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/10-weirdest-sources-antibiotics.htm
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/scientists-call-for-global-germ-bank.htm
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/universal-blood-type.htm
https://science.howstuffworks.com/bacteria-lasers-landmine-detection.htm

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What Animals Reshape Earth's Waterways? Jan 17, 2024

Eco engineers are animals that vastly change the ecosystems they live in when they create their preferred habitats. Learn about a few, from hippos to tiny crabs, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/5-animals-that-can-reshape-waterways.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Neanderthals Laugh? Jan 16, 2024

Neanderthals were more like us than we previously thought, but could they laugh? Learn why researchers think they could in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/yes-neanderthals-could-laugh.htm

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How Do They Get the Fat Out of Fat-Free Foods? Jan 13, 2024

Fat provides a lot of flavor and texture in foods, so making something fat-free usually means reformulating it from the ground up. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/how-do-they-get-fat-out-of-fat-free-foods.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do We Define the Kilogram? Jan 11, 2024

The kilogram used to be measured against an agreed-upon chunk of metal stored in France, but no longer. Learn the new measure of this standard unit of measurement in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/math-concepts/kilogram-is-dead-meet-kilogram-20.htm

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Who Were the Baddest Bank Robbers You've Never Heard Of? Jan 10, 2024

The Newton Boys were a gang of brothers who made a business of robbing banks and trains in the 1920s. Learn how they largely got away with it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/newton-boys-bank-robbers.htm

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How Do Banyan Trees Work? Jan 09, 2024

These giant trees grow trunk-like roots down from their branches and can cover the area of city blocks. Learn more about banyan trees in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/understanding-roots-banyan-tree.htm

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How Do Male Seahorses Give Birth? Jan 06, 2024

Male seahorses are the ones that carry babies to term and give birth, but the process is fairly different from most pregnancies. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/male-seahorses-give-birth.htm

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What Laws Apply on a Cruise Ship? Jan 05, 2024

When crime and other legal tangles occur on a cruise ship, what laws apply depend on where the ship is registered and where it was located at the time. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/cruise-ship-law.htm/printable

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How Does Marzipan Work? Jan 04, 2024

Marzipan is a sweet, moldable almond paste that gets worked into all kinds of holiday traditions. Learn about it (and about Glücksschwein, the good luck pig of the New Year) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article and podcast: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/marzipan.htm; https://www.iheart.com/podcast/105-savor-28019899/episode/the-marzipan-episode-is-shaping-up-90864626/

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Ice Get Cloudy? Dec 27, 2023

Water usually appears clear, but ice cubes and ice on lakes often looks cloudy. Learn what has to happen for ice to freeze clear (like black ice does on roads) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/why-ice-usually-freezes-cloudy-and-not-clear.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Christmas Trees That Shape? Dec 26, 2023

Most of the trees decorated for Christmas don't naturally grow in a perfect cone shape -- so how do they get that way, and why did we decide on that shape in the first place? Learn about the history of Christmas trees in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/do-christmas-trees-get-shape.htm

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How Did the 1800s Create Christmas as We Know It? Dec 25, 2023

Although this holiday has been around for a long time, the way we celebrate in the U.S. largely developed during the 1800s. Learn about the books, celebrities, and political cartoons that made Christmas in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/19th-century-invented-modern-christmas.htm

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How Far Can the Human Eye See? Dec 24, 2023

The human eye is basically only limited by the curvature of the Earth and stuff that gets in its way. (Well, and various medical conditions.) Learn how far we can see in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/question198.htm

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What Can Be Found at the Paris Bureau of Found Objects? Dec 23, 2023

Paris has a centralized lost-and-found station that's received everything from umbrellas to human skulls. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/paris-lost-and-found.htm

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How Is a 19th-Century Obscenity Law Being Used to Ban Reproductive Health Care? Dec 22, 2023

The Comstock Act was designed to criminalize anything considered indecent in the 1870s, from saucy personal letters to pamphlets about contraception. Learn how it's being revived today by anti-abortion activists in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/comstock-act.htm

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How Do Sailfish Work? Dec 21, 2023

These beautiful billfish have fins almost as big as their whole bodies. Learn more about sailfish in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/sailfish.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Cheese Actually Make Wine Taste Better? Dec 06, 2023

Spoiler alert: Yes! Learn the science that makes wine and cheese go so well together in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/happy-hour-alert-cheese-really-improves-the-taste-wine.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Who Is Krampus? Dec 05, 2023

This horned holiday demon has entered our pop culture consciousness, but where do Krampus legends come from? Learn about the history of Krampusnacht in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/where-did-krampus-come-from.htm

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What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Dec 04, 2023

We think we have a solid scientific answer to this fun puzzler. Learn about the evolution of eggs and chickens in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/question85.htm

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How Does Terracotta Work? Dec 03, 2023

From humble planters to ancient statuary, terracotta is a seriously useful material. Learn more about this earthenware in today's epidose of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/gardening/garden-design/terracotta.htm

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How Does Buzz Aldrin Work? Dec 02, 2023

The short answer here is 'very efficiently'! Though perhaps best known as the second man on the moon, Buzz Aldrin is a tireless champion of space exploration. Learn more in this episode of BrainsStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/buzz-aldrin.htm

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How Do Poinsettias Work? Dec 01, 2023

These bright winter houseplants are better known for their leaves than their flowers, and they only get their color by being kept in the dark. Learn the history and science behind poinsettias in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/poinsettia.htm

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What Is Zionism? Nov 27, 2023

Zionism is the nationalist movement that established Israel and continues to support Judiaism's claim to that aland. It's also one of the most controversial and complex movements of our time. Learn how it got started in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/world-history/zionism.htm

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How Do Marmosets Work? Nov 26, 2023

These social, tree-dwelling monkeys are some of the smallest in the world. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/marmoset.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did the Inca Knot Language Work? Nov 25, 2023

The Inca never developed a system of writing, but they kept records and told stories through intricate knotwork. Learn what researchers know -- and what they're still looking to find out -- about Inca khipu in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/unraveling-khipu-inca-knot-language.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Turkey Really Make You Sleepy? Nov 24, 2023

You may have heard that the tryptophan in turkey causes holiday naps, but it might not be the real culprit. Learn some turkey science in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/question519.htm

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What's the History of Thanksgiving? Nov 23, 2023

A lot of what's taught about 'the first Thanksgiving' is actually more Civil-War-era propaganda than true fact. Learn how this brief moment of peace might've gone down, plus how we got today's traditions, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-other/10-thanksgiving-history-myths.htm

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How Can Bugs Help Solve Murders? Nov 22, 2023

It's a gross but very useful fact that some insects will eat deceased humans, because scientists can observe those insects to learn about where and when a person died. Learn about forensic entomology in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/forensic-entomology.htm/printable

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How Does the Saguaro Cactus Work? Nov 17, 2023

This cactus is a source of food and construction material for people and animals alike, especially during the dry season in the Sonaran Desert. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/saguaro-cactus.htm

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What Are Those Black Squiggles on Roads? Nov 16, 2023

When asphalt pavement cracks, a squiggle of black sealant can help prevent further damage. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/road-tar-squiggle-drizzle.htm

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Why Do Distant Mountains Appear Blue? Nov 15, 2023

No matter what color(s) mountain ranges may be up close, when they're off in the distance, they appear blue. Learn how our eyes and the atmosphere trick us in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/mountains-appear-blue.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Dogs' Paws Smell Like Corn Chips? Nov 12, 2023

Dog enthusiasts sometimes revel in how their pup's paws smell gloriously of corn chips, but what causes this scent? Learn the science behind Frito paws in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/why-dog-paws-smell-fritos-corn-chips.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Will Temperature Changes Make You Sick? Nov 11, 2023

When the temperature drops (or bounces), are you more likely to get sick? Learn the science behind the old wives’ tale in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/cold-flu/can-change-in-temperature-really-make-sick.htm

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How Big Can a Tree Grow? Nov 08, 2023

There's actually a natural limit on how tall trees can grow -- but what about circumference? Or total mass? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/tree-grow.htm

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Has London Bridge Ever Fallen Down? Nov 07, 2023

London Bridge crosses the Thames in a place where lots of bridges have stood -- and technically fallen -- before. Learn about the history of these bridges (and the nursery rhyme) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/london-bridge.htm

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How Does the Slow Cone Snail Catch Prey? Nov 06, 2023

Cone snails move slow, but catch prey fast with harpoons or clouds of paralyzing toxins. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/cone-snail.htm

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How Does el Día de los Muertos Work? Nov 01, 2023

The Day of the Dead celebrates life by inviting the spirits of loved ones back home for feasting and fun. Learn about the history and traditions surrounding the holiday in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-other/day-dead.htm

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How Did Safety Coffins Ease Fears of Premature Burial? Oct 31, 2023

When concerns about being accidentally buried alive swept Europe and North America in the 1800s, inventors (and showmen) came up with coffins that could let a living person escape -- or at least alert someone to come dig them up. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/premature-burial-safety-coffins.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Yeti Just a Bunch of Bears? Oct 29, 2023

Genetics says "probably." In this episode of BrainStuff, learn what researchers found when they submitted supposed Yeti samples for genetic testing.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Hot Food Seem More Satisfying? Oct 28, 2023

Warm foods can feel more filling than chilled foods, but why? Learn the possible explanations behind the cravings in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/why-hot-food-more-satisfying-than-cold.htm

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What's the History of Paternity Testing? Oct 27, 2023

Before DNA-based paternity tests were accurate and inexpensive, scientists (and pseudoscientists) claimed all kinds of things could work. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/history-paternity-testing.htm

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How Do Pilots 'Make Up' Time During Flights? Oct 26, 2023

Because of the way flights are routed, pilots are sometimes able shave a few minutes from a flight plan while in the air. Learn why just flying faster wouldn't work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/do-pilots-make-up-time-in-air.htm

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Why Do Some People Hate Sounds Like Chewing? Oct 25, 2023

We all find some sounds annoying, but for people with misophonia, certain sounds trigger strong feelings of anger and anxiety. Learn what researchers think causes this in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/why-do-some-people-hate-the-sound-chewing-scientists-might-have-the-answer.htm

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What Is Chernobyl's Elephant's Foot Made Of? Oct 24, 2023

The Chernobyl nuclear accident caused a lava-like flow of radioactive fuel and other materials that hardened into a giant mass now known as the Elephant's Foot. Learn how corium like this forms in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/chernobyl-elephants-foot.htm

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How Do Alligator Gar Work? Oct 23, 2023

These toothy fish are some of the largest in North America. Learn how they've lasted 100 million years in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/alligator-gar-100-million-years-old-and-still-kicking.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could You Legally Bury Someone in Your Backyard? Oct 03, 2023

Home burials are largely a thing of the past, but they're perfectly legal in most states -- once you check a few boxes. Learn how home burials work in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/can-you-bury-someone-your-backyard.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Doesn't Airline Food Taste Good? Oct 02, 2023

If you've ever noticed that airplane food is a little lackluster, the recipe isn't necessarily to blame. Learn how a plane's altitude and even engine noise can affect flavors in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/mile-bleh-club-why-airline-food-doesnt-taste-good.htm

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Why Are American School Buses Yellow? Oct 01, 2023

We have one particular guy to thank for the distinctive orange-yellow color of U.S. school buses. Learn how Frank Cyr helped revamp student transportation in the 1930s in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-are-school-buses-yellow.htm

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How Do Megamasers Work? Sep 30, 2023

Megamasers are astronomical phenomena that may mean galaxies have collided in the distant reaches of the universe. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/megamaser-news.htm

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How Long Could You Hang Upside Down Safely? Sep 29, 2023

Although hanging upside down for too long would eventually kill you, don't worry -- brief inversions (and even longer inversions) are fine. Learn why, plus how inversions can actually be good for you, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/hang-upside-down-how-long-safe-deadly.htm

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Who Was the Humboldt Current Named After? Sep 28, 2023

Alexander von Humboldt was a scientist with the means and fame to change how Europe thought about nature. Learn why he's sometimes called the first ecologist in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/alexander-von-humboldt-and-humboldt-current.htm

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How Does the Portuguese Man-of-War Work? Sep 27, 2023

These stinging sea creatures aren't jellyfish -- they're actually colonies of individual creatures working as one. Learn more about men-of-war and other siphonophores in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/portuguese-man-of-war.htm

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What Causes 'New Baby Smell'? Sep 05, 2023

That sweet-milky-musky scent that newborn babies have is a combination of hundreds of compounds. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/parenting-tips/recreate-new-baby-scent.htm

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Where Was Babylon, and How Did It Fall? Sep 04, 2023

Over 2000 years ago, Babylon was the largest, wealthiest city in the world -- but it didn't last. Learn about its past, present, and myths in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/babylon.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There a Best Way to Load the Dishwasher? Sep 03, 2023

Which way should the plates face? What about the silverware -- handles up or down? Do you need to pre-rinse? Learn how to make your dishwashing machine work its best in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/best-way-to-load-dishwasher.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Carrots Really Help Your Eyesight? Sep 02, 2023

Conventional wisdom says that eating carrots will give you better vision, but how true is that? Learn where the idea came from in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Beached Whales Explode Sometimes? Sep 01, 2023

It's best to give deceased beached whales a respectful amount of space because they can explode. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/beached-whales-explode.htm

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Was Humpty Dumpty Always an Egg? Aug 31, 2023

The nursery rhyme about Humpty Dumpty (and his wall, and his fall) is omnipresent. But who (or what) was this guy, really? Learn about the weird history of this verse in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/humpty-dumpty.htm

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How Do Peregrine Falcons Work? Aug 30, 2023

These birds of prey are one of the fastest animals in the world -- engineers study them to make airplanes more aerodynamic. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/peregrine-falcons-are-one-fastest-animals-alive.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Any Superstitions Universal? Aug 20, 2023

Do you knock on wood or avoid particular numbers? People around the world adhere to superstitions to attempt to change their luck -- and some of those superstitions are remarkably similar. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/superstitions-universal-across-cultures.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Dogs’ Noses Wet? Aug 19, 2023

Dogs’ noses are often wet, but why? And does a dry nose mean your pup is sick? Learn what science has to say about dogs’ noses in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/why-do-dogs-have-wet-noses.htm

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Why Does Yoga Make People Emotional? Aug 18, 2023

If you've ever found yourself swept up in a wave of sadness or anger during, say, Pigeon Pose, you're not alone. Learn more about what we know and don't know about yoga's effects on emotions in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/yoga/yoga-makes-people-super-emotional-why.htm

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Is Microwave Popcorn Dangerous? Aug 17, 2023

There used to be safety concerns about some compounds used to flavor popcorn (diacetyl) and to grease-proof microwaveable bags (PFCs). They're mostly not used anymore, but making your own popcorn might still be safer. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/popcorn-lung.htm

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How Are Sharks Born? Aug 16, 2023

Sharks can be hatched from eggs, born live, or hatched in the womb and then born live -- if their siblings don't eat them first. Learn about shark reproduction and birth in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/sharks/shark-pup.htm

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Why Do We Say 'Close, But No Cigar'? Aug 15, 2023

When we mean that someone has not quite succeeded, what do cigars have to do with it? Learn the carnival roots of this idiom in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/close-but-no-cigar.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Used Books Spread Germs? Aug 06, 2023

Libraries are bastions of knowledge -- but are they also bastions of germs? Short answer: Nope! For the long answer, tune in to this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/used-books-may-be-germy-but-wont-make-you-sick.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Would Psychic Powers Really Cause Nosebleeds? Aug 05, 2023

You've seen the trope: a character strains their psychic powers and gets a nosebleed to show for it. But would this actually happen if psychic powers were real? Learn the hypothetical science in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/extrasensory-perceptions/psychic-nosebleed-powers-really-happen.htm

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How Can You Tell Ravens and Crows Apart? Aug 03, 2023

Ravens and crows are both large black birds with mythic reputations, but they're easy to tell apart once you know the differences between them. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/american-crows-and-ravens-whats-difference.htm

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Where Do Royalty's Nannies Get Their Training? Aug 02, 2023

British royals and lots of the world's other prominent families hire their nannies out of one century-old school: Norland College. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/norland-college-royal-nannies.htm

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How Common Is Male Breast Cancer? Aug 01, 2023

Although it's much more common in women, men get breast cancer, too -- it's not abnormal because we're all mammals, and we all have some amount of breast tissue. Learn about the symptoms and treatments in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/breast/men-breast-cancer.htm

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Where Did the 'Don't Tread on Me' Flag Come From? Jul 31, 2023

The Gadsden flag -- with its coiled rattlesnake on a bright yellow field and the words 'don't tread on me' -- has symbolic roots stretching back before the American Revolution. Learn its history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/revolutionary-war/dont-tread-on-me-flag.htm

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How Does Rhodium Work? Jul 28, 2023

Rhodium's rarity, industrial usefulness, and straight-up shininess make it one of the most expensive metals on Earth. Learn how it was discovered and more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/rhodium.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Were Unicorns Always Sweet? Jul 23, 2023

The modern image of the elegant, gentle unicorn is a relatively recent invention. Learn about the history of unicorn myths and legends in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/unicorn-in-history.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 8 Jul 22, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 8: The Tears and Tenacity of A Clown. Brandon Dunn was born into rodeo royalty. And for twenty years he fulfilled his destiny -- until a tragic car accident ended his career. Or nearly ended it. Brandon tells his story of loss and rehabilitation, and welcomes us into the fascinating world of rodeo clowning. Check out Brandon in action here: http://www.roblittle.com

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How Could an Underwater Highway Help Save Sea Turtles? Jul 21, 2023

OK, it's not a literal highway, but the Cocos-Galapagos Swimway is a proposed safety zone for sea turtles and other animals to migrate. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/cocos-galapagos-superhighway.htm

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Why Are Ice Pops Called Quiescently Frozen Confections? Jul 20, 2023

You won't find the word 'popsicle' on the packaging for some ice pops -- instead, they're called 'quiescently frozen confections'. Learn why this sciencey term is used instead of the more simple one in today's refreshed episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Toucans Work? Jul 19, 2023

Toucans' beautiful bills have made them popular in selling everything from breakfast cereal to democracy, but those beaks have a number of other uses. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/toucan.htm

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Why Is Sweet and Salty Such a Tasty Combo? Jul 18, 2023

Although it's not universal, a sprinkle of sea salt atop a chocolate chip cookie can make a simple snack transcendent. Learn why our brains dig the combination of salty and sweet in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/sweet-and-salty-taste-good.htm

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How Does Morse Code Work? Jul 17, 2023

Samuel Morse's ingeniously simple code of timed pulses has gone far beyond its original use on telegraph lines to help people communicate in all kinds of media for over a century. Learn more about Morse and his code in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/morse-code.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 7 Jul 15, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 7: Torque Wrenches Are This Girl's Best Friend. Demeny Pollitt is an automotive technician and the founder of Girlington Garage, a woman-run auto garage in South Burlington, Vermont. In operation since 2009, Pollitt’s business has not only survived, but thrived. Ms. Pollitt talks about taking the leap to entrepreneurship, entering a male dominated industry, and the joys/challenges of business ownership. Website

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How Can Some People Brew Alcohol in Their Guts? Jul 15, 2023

It's an unpleasant health issue: If your microbiome is off in just the wrong way, your guts can get you drunk without consuming a drop of alcohol. Learn about auto-brewery syndrome in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/digestive/brewing-beer-in-belly.htm

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How Do Oysters Make Pearls? Jul 10, 2023

Oysters (and a few other shellfish) create beautiful pearls as a sort of bodily defense mechanism. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/question630.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did a Family Fued Spawn Adidas and Puma? Jul 09, 2023

A battle between two brothers created the second- and third-largest sneaker companies in the world. Learn the story of the brothers Dassler in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/family-feud-that-spawned-adidas-and-puma.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 6 Jul 08, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 6: Objective Unlocked! Finding work in this economy doesn't have to be arduous. Tune in to hear from Olivia, an Express Employment Professionals Employment Specialist-turned-Operations Manager and one of her Associates, Leon, who she's helped place, to find out how the process has impacted both of their lives.

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How Much Dirt Do We Eat in a Year? Jul 07, 2023

Even if we don't do it on purpose (which some people do!), all of us eat at least a little dirt every year due to accidental ingestion. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/how-much-dirt-eat-year.htm

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How Do Coast Guard Rescue Swimmers Work? Jul 04, 2023

In the U.S. Coast Guard, a special group called aviation survival technicians train to rescue civilians from harrowing situations by jumping out of helicopters. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/rescue-swimmers.htm

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Why Do Antidepressants Have Warning Labels About Suicidal Thoughts? Jul 03, 2023

Antidepressants of all kinds help save and improve lives, but many SSRIs carry warnings that they may increase suicidal thoughts, especially in young patients. Learn why it's worth the risk and the conversation in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/modern-treatments/antidepressants-warnings-suicidal-thoughts.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Are Sea Cucumbers? Jul 02, 2023

Besides weird. Or, including weird? Learn some of the strangest features of sea cucumbers in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/sea-cucumber-animal-or-vegetable

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 5 Jul 01, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 5:

Rob Litttle, Cruise Ship Comedian - Key West, FL

Rob Little has a very enviable work calendar. As a cruise ship comedian with over 200 outings to his credit, Rob has seen places and ports most of us only dream of. But life aboard the ship isn't all laughter and sunshine. Find out more about his set here (http://www.roblittle.com/)

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Why Are Fungi Such Great Decomposers? Jun 30, 2023

Fungus gets a bad rap sometimes, but the fungi amongi do incredibly important work breaking down dead stuff. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/fungi.htm

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How Does the Hollywood Sign Work? Jun 28, 2023

The famous Hollywood sign that overlooks Los Angeles is turning 100 this year -- but its longevity wasn't always assured. Learn its history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/hollywood-sign-birthday.htm

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How Does Non-Alcoholic Beer Work? Jun 14, 2023

Low- and no-alcohol beers are now just as tasty as the alcoholic versions thanks to a few advances in brewing technology. Learn the basics of how brewers do it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-science/brew-non-alcoholic-beer.htm

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How Does Amazon Deliver Stuff So Fast? Jun 13, 2023

E-commerce retailers like Amazon are able to offer next-day or even same-day shipping thanks to highly organized, centralized, data-driven systems of warehousing and transportation. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/amazon-fast-delivery.htm

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What Are the Most Common Birthdays? Jun 12, 2023

It's not your imagination: Some seasons and dates have more birthdays than others. Learn the most and least popular birthdates (and how they're changing) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/genealogy/most-popular-birthdays.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could We Build A Real Gundam? Jun 11, 2023

Science fiction tells us our future depends on giant, humanoid robots protecting us and punching monsters. But could we really build those machines? Learn how close we are in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/could-build-own-gundams.htm

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How Did Al Capone's Mobsters Start a Milk War? Jun 10, 2023

As Prohibition came to an end, Al Capone's mobsters set their sights on the Chicago milk market. Learn about the Milk Wars in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/chicago-milk-wars.htm

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Did Tyrannosaurus Rex Have Lips? Jun 09, 2023

For the past hundred years, paleoartists have depicted T. rex with a mouth like a crocodile's -- toothy and lipless. But new research suggests these dinos may have had lizard-like lips. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/t-rex-lips.htm

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How Do Wolf Packs Work? May 31, 2023

Terms like 'alpha wolf' are misleading -- in the wild, wolf packs are ruled by the wolves' parents, not through a pecking order. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/wolf-pack-mentality.htm

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How Does Einsteinium Work? May 30, 2023

Einsteinium is a heavy, radioactive element that only exists on Earth when humans create it. Learn how it was first discovered and what we're still learning about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/einsteinium.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Effective Are Bulletproof Vests? May 28, 2023

Bulletproof vests have certainly saved lives, but exactly how bulletproof are they? Learn what they're made of and how they can fail to protect wearers in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/how-bulletproof-are-bulletproof-vests.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 4 May 27, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 4: If You Build A Pizza Oven, They Will Come. Jake Wright is a self-described rambling pizza rover. After a failed attempt at a career in music production, Jake decided to combine the two things in life that most excite him: pizza and welding. Now, he tows his mobile pizza oven around Texas, making pizzas at music festivals and rodeos.

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How Was an American Mercenary Briefly President of Nicaragua? May 26, 2023

Before the U.S. Civil War, American mercenaries called 'filibusters' attempted to claim territory in Mexico and Central America for themselves. Learn about the well-deserved fate of one William Walker in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/william-walker.htm

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Why Do We Call It a 'Piggyback Ride'? May 25, 2023

The etymology of the term 'piggyback' goes back to the 1500s, when it had nothing to do with pigs. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/piggyback-ride.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Did People Once Rob Graves for Science? May 21, 2023

In the United Kingdom in the 1800s, anatomists wanted to study real bodies, but laws and cultural stigma made bodies hard to come by. Learn how the shocking Burke & Hare murder trials changed that in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/burke-and-hare-murderers-for-moneyand-science.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 3 May 20, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 3: Four Decades and Counting. Meet Terri Weldon, who has been working for Express Employment Professionals for over 40 years. She shares her secrets to long-term professional happiness -- ones that can apply to any workplace.

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How Did Utahraptor Work? May 19, 2023

The Utahraptor was the largest known raptor -- up to 800 pounds, about the size of a large black bear or small grizzly. Learn how salt helped preserve their fossils in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/utahraptor.htm

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Who Is the Legendary Green Man? May 17, 2023

Artists and sculptors have adorned their work with foliate heads for over a thousand years, but the myth of the Green Man only goes back a century. Learn how this motif became an icon in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/green-man.htm

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How Did Cleopatra Work? May 15, 2023

Many of our ideas about Cleopatra are based in contemporary propaganda and later pop culture, from Shakespeare to cinema. Learn the truth behind some of these myths in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/cleopatra.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Episode 2 May 13, 2023

We've teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of episode 2: A Mother to the Rescue. As a thrill seeker and born caretaker, Aysia Bly found her dream job as a pediatric flight nurse — where she performs her duties while soaring above Philly in a helicopter. But the job is inherently dangerous, and as a mom to a young son, Aysia must contend with that risk every day.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Did Fruit Evolve in Different Colors? May 12, 2023

Brightly colored fruit stands out against green leaves, but why is some red or pink, while others skew yellow or purple? And why are some fruits smellier than others? Learn what new research says about fruits' evolution in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Art Help Spin the Civil War? May 09, 2023

In the late 1800s, a Georgian businessman retooled a giant painting of the Battle of Atlanta to portray the South winning. Learn the history of this epic cyclorama -- and where you can see it today -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-civil-war/atlanta-cyclorama.htm

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What Can Cause a Late or Missed Period? May 08, 2023

You can miss a period for lots of reasons other than pregnancy. Learn how stress (be it mental or physical), illness, and other factors can prevent menstruation in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/conception/5-common-reasons-for-late-period.htm

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Why Don't All Cans Have Pull-Tabs? May 07, 2023

Cans make preserving and transporting food and drinks simple, but canning technology is very complex. Learn the history of pull-tabs and can openers in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/food-cans-pull-tabs.htm

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Introducing: On the Job, Season 7 May 06, 2023

We’ve teamed up with the podcast On the Job to bring you a preview of their new season. In this first episode, ‘Now’s the Time’, economist, author, and baseball fan Michael Walden gives us a macro look at an economy that has bounced back surprisingly well post-COVID, and offers a generally favorable outlook about what’s coming down the pike. You can purchase his 'economic thrillers' at this Amazon Author Page.

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Why Is AAPI Heritage Month Celebrated in May? May 05, 2023

Every May, the U.S. celebrates Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in recognition of the contributions of this diverse group, past and present. Learn how two women campaigned to get it started in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/aapi-month-may.htm

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Can Parasitic Worms Control Snails' Minds? May 02, 2023

A genus of flatworms called banded broodsacs have a lifecycle that seems to involve purposefully getting eaten first by snails and then by birds, using a combination of biomimicry and biohacking. Learn about Leucochloridium worms in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/parasitic-worms-snails.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Was the First Computer? Apr 30, 2023

The first machine for computation was designed in the 1800s! Learn how its creators, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, set about inventing it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/who-invented-the-computer.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Elephants' Skin So Wrinkly? Apr 29, 2023

Elephants have a thick hide that's wrinkled from birth, but why? Learn about the research that's revealed the secrets to elephant skin in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/scientists-figure-out-why-elephants-skin-so-cracked.htm

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What's the World's Skinniest Skyscraper? Apr 28, 2023

The world's slimmest skyscraper is in New York City, where it's less than one-third of the width of comparable buildings. Learn about Steinway Tower in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/architecture/steinway-tower-news.htm

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How Did Hazardous Nuclear Testing Help Science? Apr 27, 2023

Aboveground nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and '60s has exposed every living thing on Earth to harmful radiation -- but has also made dating the remains of living things much more accurate. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-tests-bomb-pulse.htm

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Why Does Your Stomach Growl? Apr 26, 2023

Sometimes our guts rumble when we're hungry, and sometimes when we're full. What gives? Learn about the digestive system and borborygmus in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/digestive/stomach-growling.htm

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Why Do Some People Believe Conspiracy Theories? Apr 25, 2023

Buying into disproven conspiracy theories has been scientifically linked with a few unhelpfully human patterns of thought, including illusory pattern perception and confirmation bias. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/conspiracy-theorists-brains-really-are-different.htm

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What's the History of License Plates? Apr 24, 2023

Motor vehicle license plates have been in use since 1903 in the U.S., and they've changed a lot over the years, from lifetime leather plates to newfangled digital ones. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/cost-of-car-ownership/history-license-plates-in-us.htm

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How Can Glass on the Moon Contain Water? Apr 17, 2023

Researchers have found tiny glass beads on the moon, created by meteorite strikes, with droplets of water attached. Learn how they work -- and how we might be able to harvest that water -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/moon-glass-beads-water.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can Sunlight Make You Sneeze? Apr 16, 2023

Sudden exposure to bright light makes some people sneeze -- but why? Learn the leading theory in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Hedy Lamarr Change Communications Technology? Apr 15, 2023

Hollywood bombshell Hedy Lamarr was as interested in engineering as she was in acting, but she's only recently been recognized for her scientific contributions. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this episode: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/hedy-lamarr.htm

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How Do Maraschino Cherries Work? Apr 14, 2023

https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-science/maraschino-cherries.htm

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Why Are Fingerprints (Almost) Unique? Apr 13, 2023

Even identical twins have different fingerprints -- that's because more than just genetics goes into their formation. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/why-even-identical-twins-have-different-fingerprints.htm

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What's the Legacy of African American Spirituals? Apr 12, 2023

The spirituals created by enslaved African Americans as a means of expression and communication have impacted both artistic and social movements throughout U.S. history. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/slave-spiritual-music.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't You Reach the End of a Rainbow? Apr 09, 2023

Rainbows may look like they touch the ground somewhere off in the distance, but it's physically impossible for the viewer to reach the spot where it touches. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Martini Glass Work? Apr 08, 2023

This angular, stemmed glass has been synonymous with the martini cocktail for nearly a hundred years. Learn more about the history of both the martini glass and cocktail in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/martini-glass.htm

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What's Happening When You Get the Wind Knocked Out of You? Apr 07, 2023

When you get the wind knocked out of you, your normally automatic breathing system is being temporarily interrupted. Learn how phrenospasm works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/respiratory/wind-knocked-out.htm

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Are There Alien Asteroids in Our Midst? Apr 06, 2023

Researchers have identified at least one asteroid from another sun that's been hanging out in our solar system for billions of years. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/alien-asteroids-been-lurking-in-solar-system-since-beginning.htm

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How Did the Radium Girls Change Workers' Rights? Apr 05, 2023

In the early 1900s, women who fell deathly ill from working with radioactive paint fought back when their employers denied responsibility. They changed workers' safety laws -- though many didn't live to see the results. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/radium-girls.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Coconut Oil a 'Superfood' or 'Pure Poison'? Apr 02, 2023

Recent health claims about coconut oil range from 'superfood' to 'pure poison'. Learn why the truth is somewhere in between in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/coconut-oils-superfood-pure-or-poison.htm

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How Does Historical Cryptology Work? Apr 01, 2023

To crack ciphers written centuries ago, historical cryptologists have to be half artist, half accountant, and use some of the most powerful computing tools known today. Learn how a team cracked Mary, Queen of Scots's code in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/math-concepts/historical-cryptologists.htm

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Why Do We Turn Down the Radio When We're Lost? Mar 31, 2023

Even seemingly passive activities (like listening to music) can interrupt our brains while we're doing something important (like driving). Learn why we're so bad at multitasking in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/turn-down-radio-when-lost.htm

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Introducing: Inner Cosmos with David Eagleman Mar 30, 2023

Hi, BrainStuff fans! Listen to Inner Cosmos hosted by David Eagleman! Neuroscientist David Eagleman tackles the big and totally unexpected questions that live at the intersection of our brains and our lives. Don't just take our word for it, check out the trailer to decide for yourself!

About Inner Cosmos: Stanford neuroscientist and bestselling author David Eagleman explores wacky and insightful questions to reveal how modern brain science intersects with our lives, passions, and behaviors. Through thrilling journeys into your Inner Cosmos, Eagleman unfolds totally unexpected facets of our brains, allowing us to see the world from new angles.

Listen to Inner Cosmos on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts!

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How Did Trepanation Work? Mar 30, 2023

One of the earliest, most common medical treatments in history (and prehistory!) involved drilling a hole in the patient's skull. Learn more about trepaning in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/surgeries-procedures/trepanation.htm

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Are Hammerhead Worms Really Dangerous? Mar 29, 2023

These large, land-dwelling flatworms are invasive and toxic -- but they're not dangerous (unless you eat a lot of them, or happen to be an earthworm). Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/hammerhead-worms.htm

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How Did Some Enslaved People Sue for Their Freedom — and Win? Mar 28, 2023

In 1781, Elizabeth Freeman successfully sued her enslaver for her own freedom. Learn how freedom suits worked pre- and post-American Revolution in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/mum-bett.htm

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Why Do Wine Bottles Have Dents in the Bottom? Mar 09, 2023

Short answer: No one is sure. But it may have once been practical during production, and the dents (a.k.a. punts) in wine bottles are certainly useful now. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/wine-bottle-dent-bottom.htm

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How Will the Oxford Dictionary of African American English Work? Mar 08, 2023

A team of experts has come together to create a scholarly work that's long overdue: a dictionary detailing the historical and modern use of African American English. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/oxford-dictionary-african-american-english.htm

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Who's the Inventor Behind Tang, Pop Rocks, and Cool Whip? Mar 07, 2023

During his 35-year career with General Foods, William Mitchell invented some of America's favorite, fun, and time-saving junk foods. From quick-set Jell-O to Cool Whip, learn how he did it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/meet-man-invented-cool-whip-tang.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could a Giant Squid Take Down a Submarine? Mar 06, 2023

Tales of squid attacking ships go way back, and there are some known instances of squid attacking subs, but could a cephalopod really take down a modern vessel? Learn what researchers think in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/squid-attack-submarine.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Our Bones Grow? Mar 05, 2023

We humans are fairly squishy, and we eat fairly squishy food. So how do we grow hard bones? Learn how it happens in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the French Baguette Being Honored? Mar 04, 2023

In France, the baguette isn't just the most popular type of bread -- it's an artisan product that's become a social keystone. Learn how French laws and UNESCO are upholding its traditions in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/french-baguette-unesco.htm

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When Were Dogs Used as Kitchen Appliances? Mar 03, 2023

In the 1400s through the 1900s, many kitchens made a specific breed of dog run in a wheel in order to rotate a spit of meat over the hearth's open fire. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/turnspit-dogs.htm

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Why Is It Quiet After It Snows? Mar 02, 2023

After a snowfall, the world seems hushed -- for a while, at least. Learn why fresh snow muffles sound in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/quieter-after-snow.htm

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How Did Black Inventors Change America? Mar 01, 2023

Black American inventors have given us everything from secure mailboxes and practical lightbulbs to gas masks and blood banks. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/10-inventions-by-african-americans.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? Feb 05, 2023

When concepts are as intertwined as weather and climate, it can be easy to mix them up. Learn the difference, and why it matters so much in discussions about the environment, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/weather-and-climate-whats-difference.htm

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How Do Cassowaries Work? Feb 03, 2023

These flightless birds are the second heaviest birds in the world -- they can grow as large as an adult human. Learn about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/cassowary.htm

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What Causes the Pain of Kidney Stones? Feb 02, 2023

Kidney stones are urinary tract blockages known for causing a lot of pain, but it's the blockage itself (not the sharpness of the stones) that does it. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/kidney-urinary/kidney-stone-pain.htm

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How Deep Is the Ocean? Feb 01, 2023

The global ocean covers some 70 percent of our planet, and its depths are still unexplored. Learn about its deepest trenches in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/how-deep-is-ocean.htm

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How Does Shrinkflation Work? Jan 23, 2023

Shrinkflation is when brands downsize their products while keeping their prices the same -- thus passing inflating costs on to you. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/shrinkflation-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Southern Biscuits Work? Jan 22, 2023

Fluffy biscuits are a cornerstone of Southern cusisine, but they're a relatively recent invention. Learn the history behind this baked good in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/history-light-and-fluffy-biscuits.htm

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What Are the Differences Between Mold and Mildew? Jan 21, 2023

Mildew is an early stage of mold that grows on surfaces before digging deeper. Learn how both work and how to stop them from growing in your home in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/difference-between-mold-mildew.htm

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Is January the Biggest Month for Divorce? Jan 20, 2023

Legal inqueries into divorce go way up in January, but March and August also see spikes in filings. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/divorce-rates-january-new-year.htm

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How Do Disposable Hand Warmers Work? Jan 19, 2023

These tiny packets are able to give off a lot of heat for a few hours thanks to the same process that causes rust to form -- just sped way up. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/disposable-hand-warmers.htm

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Do Fish Sleep? Jan 18, 2023

Fish do rest, but their versions of sleep doesn't look the same as ours. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/do-fish-sleep.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Milk Really Make Mucus Worse? Dec 27, 2022

There's a millennia-old idea that milk causes mucus production, and therefore that you should avoid milk if you're sick. Learn the truth in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/respiratory/milk-and-mucus-myth-busted.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Kwanzaa Work? Dec 26, 2022

Kwanzaa is a relatively new holiday celebrating Pan-African culture, and the unity, creativity, and determination of its peoples. Learn the basics about Kwanzaa in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-other/kwanzaa.htm

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How Did the Eggnog Riot Work? Dec 25, 2022

On Christmas Eve of 1826, dozens of West Point cadets had a bit too much (prohibited) alcoholic eggnog -- luckily, only reputations and barracks were hurt. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/ridiculous-history-heres-why-west-point-cadets-rioted-eggnog-1826.htm

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What Does It Cost to Run Santa's Workshop? Dec 24, 2022

Holidays can be expensive when you're only distributing a few gifts, not a few billion. Learn what Santa's yearly workshop budget must be in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/santa-claus-workshop-budget-will-blow-mind.htm

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Why Are Different Injections Given in Your Arm, Rear, or Elsewhere? Dec 23, 2022

Medical professionals give us shots in different body parts based on how much medicine we need and what the medicine needs to do. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/medication/shots-in-arm-bum.htm

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Why Do Small Dogs Live Longer Than Large Dogs? Dec 22, 2022

On average, tiny dogs live almost twice as long as really big ones -- and science isn't entirely sure why. Learn what we know (and don't know) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/longest-living-dog-breeds-tiny.htm

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How Do Latkes Work? Dec 22, 2022

Latkes (that is, fried potato pancakes) are nearly synonymous with Hanukkah today -- but they've only been around for a couple centuries. Learn how they developed in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/latkes.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Recycled Urine Make Sustainable Fertilizer? Dec 18, 2022

Sports stadiums have a lot of grass that needs to be fertilized, and a lot of urine to dispose of. Learn how researchers are working to solve both problems at once in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/repurposed-inventions/recycling-stadium-urine-fertilizer.htm

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Will Cats Sit In Imaginary Boxes? Dec 17, 2022

It is known that housecats will sit in any box available, large or small -- but science set out to determine whether cats can perceive (and will sit in) illusory boxes as well. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/cats-in-squares-study-news.htm

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How Does Mistletoe Work? Dec 16, 2022

The tradition of kissing under mistletoe around Christmas is fairly new, but the traditions it's based on go way back. Learn about the hemi-parasitic roots of mistletoe in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/mistletoe.htm

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How Do Ticks Cause Meat Allergies? Dec 15, 2022

You can contract an allergy to red meat from a tick bite thanks to a compound called alpha-gal. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/allergies/food-allergy/dairy-eggs-meat/meat-allergy-lone-star-tick.htm

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Why Do Scientists Want You to Say 'UAPs', not 'UFOs'? Dec 15, 2022

Researchers who are currently looking into inexplicable lights and objects in the sky are calling them unexplained aerial phenomena (UAPs), not unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/space/aliens-ufos/uaps.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Get Hiccups? Dec 11, 2022

What's happening when you get hiccups, and how can you stop them? Learn what science knows -- and doesn't know -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Every Snowflake Really Unique? Dec 10, 2022

Snowflakes fall by the trillions during every snowstorm, so how could each one be unique? Learn about the incredible crystal physics behind snowflake development in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/is-every-snowflake-actually-unique.htm

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Why Does Rudolph's Nose Glow Red? Dec 09, 2022

We may never know exactly why Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's nose glows -- but we have a few scientific suspicions. Learn about bioluminescence and atavisims in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/bioluminescence.htm; https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/rudolph-red-nose-reindeer.htm

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How Could Temporary Tattoos Revolutionize Blood Pressure Monitoring? Dec 08, 2022

Research into a new wearable electronic patch made of graphene may make it possible to monitor blood pressure continuously and unobtrusively in the next few years. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/cardiovascular/blood-pressure/blood-pressure-tattoo-news.htm

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How Does the Artemis I Mission Work? Dec 07, 2022

The Artemis space program is an international effort to put people back on the Moon within the next several years. Learn how the first mission is going in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://science.howstuffworks.com/artemis-news.htm; https://science.howstuffworks.com/snoopy-artemis.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens to Balloons When You Release Them? Nov 27, 2022

How high can helium balloons go before they burst? Do they always burst? Learn about the physics of escaped balloons in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Side Sleeping Help Prevent Snoring? Nov 26, 2022

Snoring can root from a number of causes, but sleeping on your side can usually help prevent it. Learn the science of snores in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/disorders/does-sleeping-on-side-stop-snoring.htm

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How Does Checkout Charity Work? Nov 25, 2022

Asking customers for charitable donations at checkout can raise a lot of money -- and a lot of goodwill for the business. (And no, businesses can't write off your donations on their taxes.) Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/checkout-charity-is-good-for-business.htm

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Why Do U.S. Presidents Pardon Turkeys for Thanksgiving? Nov 24, 2022

This odd tradition seems to stem from early in the history of Thanksgiving being a national holiday, and has only gotten more formal (and more silly) in recent years. Learn about turkeys in the White House in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/presidential-turkey-pardon.htm

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How Do Pop-Up Wetlands Work? Nov 23, 2022

In California, human development has taken away migrating shorebirds' habitats -- so conservationists are renting rice fields during the farmers' off season to act as temporary habitats. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/renting-rice-fields-farmers-migrating-water-fowl.htm

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Reign of Terror: The Story of the Osage Murders Nov 22, 2022

From 1920 to 1930, after the indigenous Osage people struck it rich with oil on their land, grifters scammed them out of millions -- and murdered a number of them in the process. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/osage-tribe-murders.htm

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How Do Eels Reproduce? Nov 21, 2022

We know that eels spawn, like many marine mammals -- but spawning can take many forms. So how do eels do it? Learn what we know (and don't know) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/how-do-eels-reproduce.htm

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What's the Oldest Tree in the World? Nov 14, 2022

The holder of this title is debated, but Earth's oldest tree is at least (at least!) 4,800 years old -- and may be much older. Learn about the contenders in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/oldest-tree-in-world.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Homeless Americans Vote? Nov 13, 2022

Not having a permanent address or access to identifying documents can make voting in U.S. elections nearly impossible. Learn more about these challenges -- and what some organizations are doing to help -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Was The Great Pox? Nov 12, 2022

You've heard of smallpox, but what was the great pox? And did Shakespeare have it? Learn about the spread of (spoiler alert) syphilis in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/pox-on-that-refers-to.htm

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How Do Seahorses Work? Nov 11, 2022

These social fish are fascinating for reasons far beyond their unique shapes. Learn about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/seahorses.htm

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Can the President Control Gasoline Prices? Nov 10, 2022

There's very little that any U.S. president can do to affect gas prices in the short term. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/president-gas-prices.htm

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Can You Get Pregnant During Your Period? Nov 09, 2022

Short answer: Yes, totally. Human bodies all work a little differently, so it's possible to have an egg ready to go while you're having your period. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/fertility/abnormal-menstrual-cycles-and-fertility.htm; https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/fertility/pregnant-during-period.htm

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Do Political TV Ads Really Change Voters' Minds? Nov 08, 2022

In hotly contested elections, campaigns flood television channels and streaming services with ads for or against the people running. Learn when they can make a difference in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/do-campaign-tv-ads-change-voters-minds.htm

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Why Are Graveyards Scary? Oct 31, 2022

Cemeteries and other places where we inter or honor the dead are often at least a little unsettling. Learn about the psychology and philosophy behind this phenomenon in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/scary-graveyard.htm

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Why Does It Feel So Good To Be Scared? Oct 30, 2022

Plenty of things are scary these days, so why do people pay good money to see horror movies and go to 'haunted' houses? Learn why psychologists say these fearful experiences are helpful in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/why-love-to-be-scared.htm

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How Does the Monstrous Lamia Work? Oct 29, 2022

Lamia is a character from Greek myth who, in various tellings, devours children or seduces men. Learn about her legends in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/lamia.htm

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Can You Sleep With Your Eyes Open? Oct 25, 2022

It's not necessarily fun (nor on purpose), but yes, some people sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Learn how nocturnal lagophthalmos works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/disorders/can-fall-asleep-with-eyes-open.htm

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How Did Prehistoric Animals Get So Big? Oct 24, 2022

Today's megafauna are tiny compared with history's largest dinosaurs. Learn a few theories about how these animals got so big in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/extinct-animals/why-were-prehistoric-animals-big.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Nuclear Pasta? Oct 23, 2022

No, it's not radioactive noodles -- nuclear pasta is the term for weird material produced in neutron stars. Learn why astrophysicists are so interested in how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-pasta-is-super-macaroni-universe.htm

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Why Are Caskets So Expensive? Oct 22, 2022

The rising price of caskets has outpaced even the rising rate of inflation -- but why? Learn what industry experts think in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/funerals/caskets-so-expensive-news.htm

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Why Do Leaves Change Color in the Fall? Oct 21, 2022

The brilliant reds, oranges, and yellows we see on trees in the fall are actually part of trees' defense mechanisms against the oncoming winter. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/leaves-turn-red.htm

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What's the Difference Between Redistricting and Gerrymandering? Oct 20, 2022

Redrawing voting district lines in your favor is an accepted (and legal) political play -- in some cases. Learn the differences between redistricting and gerrymandering (and how minority voters figure in) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/redistricting-gerrymandering.htm

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Why Do So Many Animals Have Snot? Oct 03, 2022

Mucus is gross, but it does a lot of good in humans and the many other animals that produce it. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/respiratory/mucus.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Jupiter Have Water After All? Oct 02, 2022

Astronomers have long suspected that Jupiter contains lots of water, but they've never been able to prove it. Learn about the new research that could help -- and thus solve lots of questions about our solar system -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/great-red-spot-may-expose-jupiters-watery-secret.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Would Happen If You Wrecked a Car on a Test-Drive? Oct 01, 2022

If you wreck a car during a test-drive, would you have to pay for it? Learn how car dealers handle this surprisingly rare occurance in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/accidents-hazardous-conditions/what-happens-if-wreck-car-on-test-drive.htm

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Who Really Profited from the Gold Rush? Sep 30, 2022

A few people did strike it rich in the American Gold Rush of the 1800s -- but none of them were looking for gold. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/gold-rush.htm

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What's the Coldest Place On Earth? Sep 29, 2022

Researchers have recorded some shatteringly cold temperatures on our generally mild planet -- but the answer to this question depends on your definition of "on". Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/coldest-place-on-earth.htm

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What Causes Nightmares, and How Can You Prevent Them? Sep 28, 2022

Everyone has bad dreams sometimes, but if nightmares plague you, mental exercises or physical treatments might help. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/dreams/nightmares.htm

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How Could Blue Denim Be Greener? Sep 27, 2022

It takes a lot of water and some toxic chemicals to dye our denim blue. Learn how research into chitosan could make the process more environmentally friendly in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/sustainable/denim-dyeing.htm

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How Do Hognose Snakes Play Dead? Sep 26, 2022

North American hognose snakes are among the creatures that will dramatically feign death to escape predators. Learn about these reptiles (and thanatosis) in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/snakes/hognose-snake.htm

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Should You Worry About Nitrates in Your Food? Sep 22, 2022

We associate nitrates with processed meats, but they occur in vegetables, too -- and they're not all bad. Learn more about nitrates and nitrites in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/nitrates.htm

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What Artefacts Has This Summer's Drought Uncovered? Sep 21, 2022

Our changing climate is creating all kinds of effects -- including some surprising historical reveals. Learn about a few of the human remains, dinosaur tracks, and WWII relics that receding waters have uncovered in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/archaeology/droughts-uncover-ancient-artifacts-news.htm

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How Did Queen Elizabeth II Fall in Love with Corgis? Sep 20, 2022

When Queen Elizabeth II died in September of 2022, she left a legacy that includes at least a couple of Welsh Pembroke corgis. Learn about her history with this breed in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/queen-corgis.htm

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What Does Your Pinky Toe Actually Do? Sep 14, 2022

The pinky toe is actually an important element in how we humans usually walk, jump, skip, etc. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/parts/surprise-pinky-toe-does-serve-purpose.htm

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How Do Muskrats Work? Sep 13, 2022

Muskrats are clever semi-aquatic rodents with a distinct musky scent. Learn more about them (and, yes, 'Muskrat Love') in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/muskrat.htm

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How Could Saudi Arabia's Futuristic City 'The Line' Work? Sep 12, 2022

Would you live in a city 100 miles long but only 650 feet wide? Learn about Saudi Arabia's ambitious Neom Project in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/the-line-saudi-arabia-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Breakup Bootcamp? Sep 11, 2022

We have retreats for everything else, so why not survival post-breakup? Learn how these camps hope to help the broken hearted, plus what emotional work they won't cover, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/relationships/tips/breakup-bootcamp-surviving-broken-heart.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Are Food Deserts? Sep 10, 2022

In the U.S., 17.6 million people lack access to healthy food because there aren't any grocery stores or other shops that sell fresh food nearby. Learn about food deserts and how we can fix them in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/americans-still-lack-access-to-healthy-food.htm

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How Did a Conman Sell the Brooklyn Bridge -- Over and Over? Sep 09, 2022

Around the turn of the 20th century, career criminal George C. Parker 'sold' property he didn't own, from the Brooklyn Bridge to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, dozens of times over. Learn more about his scams in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/conman-sold-brooklyn-bridge.htm

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How Does Gallium Work? Sep 08, 2022

Gallium is super rare, really useful in LEDs and smartphones, and will melt in your hand -- but won't boil until it hits 4000 degrees Fahrenheit. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/gallium.htm

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Why Do Animals Sploot? Sep 07, 2022

When animals sploot (that is, lay flat on their bellies with their limbs spread out) on a hot day, they're taking advantage of a cool surface. Learn about humans' sweating versus other animals' splooting in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/splooting.htm

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How Does Doomscrolling Work? Sep 06, 2022

Social media is designed to keep you scrolling -- but too much negative news can be, well, too much. Learn why we doomscroll and how you can stop in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/social-networking/networks/doomscrolling.htm

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How Did Vikings' Gut Worms Create Today's Lung Disease? Sep 06, 2022

Intestinal parasites that plagued our ancestors seem to have led to a genetic adaptation that's causing emphysema and COPD today. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/respiratory/viking-toilet-investigation-emphysema.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Who Is The Laughing Buddha? Sep 04, 2022

Statues of this jolly fellow adorn the register counters of many restaurants -- but he's not the Buddha. Learn about this Buddhist deity in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/that-fat-jolly-fella-isnt-buddha.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Alzheimers's So Difficult to Treat? Sep 03, 2022

Despite being a widespread condition, Alzheimer's is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Learn why (plus how researchers hope to make it easier) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/dementia/why-is-it-so-hard-to-find-cure-for-alzheimers.htm

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How Can Turning Lights Off Save Birds? Sep 02, 2022

During fall and spring migrations, building lights can confuse birds, causing deadly crashes. Learn how Lights Out programs are helping in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/lights-out-program-birds.htm

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How Do Kangaroos' Pouches Work? Sep 01, 2022

Baby kangaroos live in their mother's pouch for months after birth, and return sometimes even after they're mobile. Learn why, plus what it's like in there, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/kangaroo-pouch.htm

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How Does Ectopic Pregnancy Work? Aug 31, 2022

Up to 1 in every 50 pregnancies are ectopic -- that is, they implant outside the uterus and cannot be saved. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and confusion surrounding this common issue in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/complications/10009-what-is-an-ectopic-pregnancy.htm

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Why Does the Fed Change the Interest Rate? Aug 30, 2022

The U.S. Federal Reserve is responsible for keeping the country's economy running smoothly. Learn why interest rate changes are one of the Fed's tools in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/fed-change-interest-rate.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Migrating Birds Navigate? Aug 28, 2022

Birds can migrate thousands of miles and back home again with no prior knowledge or assistance thanks to their superpowered vision. Learn about magnetoreception in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Size Lottery Jackpot Makes People Play? Aug 27, 2022

There's a tipping point at which even lottery skeptics buy tickets for a big jackpot -- and lottery companies bank on it. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/behavior/powerball-tipping-point-what-size-jackpot-makes-you-play.htm

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How Does Monkeypox Work? Aug 26, 2022

Public health organizations around the world are trying to control this year's outbreaks of monkeypox with vaccination programs. Learn about monkeypox and its vaccines in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/respiratory/monkeypox.htm

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Project Acoustic Kitty: How Did the CIA Make a Cat a Spy? Aug 25, 2022

In the 1960s, the U.S. Central Intellience Agency tried to turn a cat into a cyborg secret agent with implanted audio equipment. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/acoustic-kitty.htm

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How Do Robot Umpires Work? Aug 24, 2022

Some of baseball's minor leagues are already using tech called the automated ball-strike system to help human umpires call pitches more accurately. Learn about these so-called robo-umpires in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/robot-umpires-baseball-news.htm

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Why Are Giant Land Snails Invading Florida Again? Aug 15, 2022

Snails the size of your fist are invading central Florida. Learn how this invasive species works in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/giant-african-land-snails-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Artists Hardwired To Be Poor? Aug 14, 2022

Research shows that artists' brains don't respond to monetary motivation the way that other people's do. Learn why this might be -- and whether it means we creative types are doomed to poverty -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/perception/are-artists-hardwired-for-poverty.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Hydrogen Peroxide Bottles Brown? Aug 13, 2022

Most hydrogen peroxide sold to consumers comes in opaque brown bottles. Learn why in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-does-hydrogen-peroxide-come-in-brown-bottle.htm

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Why Do Female Songbirds Sing? Aug 12, 2022

Most scientific inquiry into birdsong has studied male birds because they're sometimes chattier. Learn what studying female birds might teach us in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/know-why-female-bird-sings.htm

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How Did a Grudge Match Between States Create the U.S. Constitution? Aug 11, 2022

The American Constitution was a hard-fought compromise between states with large and small populations. Learn about the New Jersey Plan vs. the Virgina Plan in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/virginia-plan-vs-new-jersey-plan.htm

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How Does the Zoo Hypothesis Work? Aug 10, 2022

What if we haven't made alien contact because they're keeping Earth like a zoo? It may be unlikely, but learn about the zoo hypothesis in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/space/aliens-ufos/zoo-hypothesis.htm

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How Do Cooling Fabrics Work? Aug 09, 2022

Some clothing and bedding is advertised as 'cooling,' but what does that mean? Do they really work? Learn about how some fabrics can cool you down in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/cooling-fabrics.htm

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How Does Lyme Disease Work? Aug 08, 2022

Lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria spread by ticks, is very treatable when caught early. Learn the symptoms and how to prevent it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/infectious/lyme-disease.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Anxiety Cause Underarm Sweat? Jul 30, 2022

Anxiety can cause sweaty palms and armpits -- but why? And how can you combat it? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/men/sweating-odor/anxiety-cause-underarm-sweat.htm

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What Does Space Smell Like? Jul 29, 2022

Astronauts report that our little corner of space has a particular scent. Learn what might cause this in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/space-smell.htm

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How Were Pregnancy Tests Invented? Jul 28, 2022

Humans have been using urine to test for pregnancy for thousands of years -- with the help of wheat, barley, rabbits, and frogs. Learn how reliable home tests became available in 1978 thanks to immunoassay technology in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/conception/rabbit-pregnancy.htm

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What Colors Can Dogs See? Jul 27, 2022

Dogs have eyes that are primed to see motion better than color, but they're not colorblind. Learn more about dogs' vision in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/are-dogs-colorblind.htm

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How Could Smart Traffic Lights Work? Jul 26, 2022

What if traffic lights could adjust for the actual flow of traffic happening at any given moment? Learn how smart, networked technology could help drivers (and pedestrians) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/smart-traffic-lights-news.htm

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Why Do Watermelons Explode Sometimes? Jul 25, 2022

Sure, you can get a watermelon to burst by squeezing it with rubber bands, but sometimes this fruit explodes all on its own. Learn how microbes and genetics are responsible in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/exploding-watermelon.htm

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How Do Insect Hotels Work? Jul 11, 2022

Insect populations are in trouble, but creating shelters for them could help. Learn the basics of building an insect hotel in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/insect-hotel.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Your Face's Temperature Reveal Your Mood? Jul 10, 2022

Research shows that parts of a person's face grow cooler depending on their mood and stress level. Could this be used to help people in stressful jobs, like pilots? Learn more in this classic BrainStuff episode, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/concentration-makes-face-grow-cooler.htm

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How Does Human Conception Work? Jul 09, 2022

On a cellular level, a lot goes on from ovulation through the first stages of pregnancy. Learn about the biology of fertilization and implantation in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/pregnancy/conception/conception-process.htm

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What Would Happen If Yellowstone's Supervolcano Erupted? Jul 08, 2022

The volcano that sits under the surface of Yellowstone National Park could do massive damage, but it isn't likely to erupt anytime soon. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/what-if/what-if-yellowstone-supervolcano-erupted.htm

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How Did Roe v Wade Work? Jul 07, 2022

The Supreme Court's ruling in Roe v Wade in 1973 guaranteed national rights to some types of abortions. Learn how the case was decided and how it was overturned in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://money.howstuffworks.com/10-overturned-supreme-court-cases.htm; https://people.howstuffworks.com/famous-supreme-court-cases.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Mass Shootings Happening in U.S. Schools? Jul 02, 2022

Beyond the U.S. gun control debate, another question deserves examination: Why are schools so frequently the sites of mass gun violence in America? We explore the psychology and potential solutions in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-do-school-shootings-keep-happening-in-us.htm

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How Has Grandma Gatewood Inspired Generations of Hikers? Jul 01, 2022

At the age of 67, Emma Gatewood became the first woman to hike the Appalachian Trail alone in a single season. Learn her story in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/grandma-gatewood.htm

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Should You Turn the Air Conditioner Off While You're Out? Jun 30, 2022

Turning your AC's temperature setting up a few degrees can save a lot of money, but turning the unit off isn't usually necessary. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/green-living/should-turn-ac-up.htm

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What Did People Feed Babies Before Formula? Jun 29, 2022

Infant formula mimicking breastmilk was only invented in the past 150 years, but babies have been hungry forever. Learn what caregivers used to do when breastmilk was unavailable in this episode of BrainStuff: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/baby-health/infant-health/infant-formula-history.htm

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How Did the Mona Lisa Get So Popular? Jun 28, 2022

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is a technical masterpiece, but the portrait wasn't famous until centuries after its creation. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/artwork/mona-lisa.htm

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How Do Magpies Work? Jun 28, 2022

Magpies, though sometimes maligned, are fascinating birds that can recognize themselves in mirrors and have funerary practices. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/magpie.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Wine Glasses Getting Bigger? Jun 25, 2022

People are drinking more wine than they used to. Could the ever-increasing size of wine glasses be behind this trend? Learn how today's average serving stacks up against history's in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/much-does-favorite-wine-glass-hold.htm

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Why Does Your Cat Lick You? Jun 24, 2022

If your cat licks you, you may have wondered: Are they trying to groom you? Are they being affectionate? Do you has a flavor?? Learn about cats' licking behavior in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/why-does-cat-lick-me.htm

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How Do Heat Officers Work? Jun 23, 2022

Cities around the world are appointing Heat Officers to identify dangers and help protect citizens from rising temperatures. Learn how these officials work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/chief-heat-officers-news.htm

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How Were Common Currency Symbols Invented? Jun 22, 2022

The symbols for the dollar ($), euro (€), rupee (₹), and pound (£) are everywhere, but how did they come to be? Learn the history behind these symbols in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/currency-symbols.htm

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How Does Prehab Work? Jun 21, 2022

If rehab helps patients recover after a surgery, prehab helps patients get ready for that recovery beforehand. Learn how prehabilitation works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/surgeries-procedures/prehab-before-surgery.htm

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How Do U.S. Gun Background Checks Work? Jun 20, 2022

The U.S. House has passed legislation that would mandate more background checks during gun sales, but these bills (H.R. 8, H.R. 1446, and the Protecting Our Kids Act) are stuck in the Senate. Learn more about how they would change the law in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/hr8-gun-background-checks-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Dogs Love Rolling in Stinky Stuff? Jun 11, 2022

Dogs are pretty much guaranteed to find the smelliest stuff to roll in -- but why? Learn what may be behind this gross instinct in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/dogs-love-rolling-in-stinky-stuff.htm

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How Do the Santa Ana Winds Work? Jun 10, 2022

The Santa Anas are winds that sweep hot air over Southern California, both clearing the air and exacerbating wildfires. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/santa-ana-winds.htm

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How Old Are Alligators? Jun 09, 2022

It turns out that as a species, alligators have remained unchanged for millions of years longer than anyone knew. Learn how researchers discovered this in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/reptiles/alligator-species-8-million-years-old.htm

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How Are Airplane Cabins Pressurized? Jun 08, 2022

Cabin pressure systems haven't changed much over the decades, but the controls for them have gotten safer and more sensitive. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/airplane-cabin-pressure.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Skin Tan and Freckle? May 22, 2022

When you freckle or tan, your skin is trying to protect you from damage. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Echidnas Work? May 21, 2022

Echidnas are spiny, toothless, egg-laying mammals -- and they only get weirder from there. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/echidna.htm

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What Can You Do When You Run Out of Baby Formula? May 20, 2022

When a shortage of baby formula strikes, health-care providers and a number of organizations can help. Learn who to contact, and what switches in formula are safe for babies, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/babies/baby-formula-shortage-news.htm

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How Do Bidets Work? May 17, 2022

The most popular modern bidet was invented in the U.S., so why hasn't this technology caught on here? Learn the history of the bidet in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/bidet.htm

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What's the Tallest Mountain in the Solar System? May 16, 2022

Even though Earth is the largest rocky body in our solar system, we don't have the largest mountain -- not by a long shot. Learn how Mars took the title in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/tallest-mountain-in-solar-system.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Chimps Cleaner Than Us? May 15, 2022

A study investigating the microbes and bugs in chimpanzee beds versus human beds showed that chimps are cleaner than we are. Learn about the study's results in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/bed-has-more-poop-than-chimps.htm

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If You Can Be Disgruntled, Can You Be Gruntled? May 14, 2022

Some words like 'disgruntled' and 'ineffable' -- informally called lonely negatives -- don't have a positive counterpart in English. Learn how a few of them came to be in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/lonely-negative.htm

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How Do Snakes Mate? May 13, 2022

Snakes have several fascinating reproductive tricks up their sleeves (scales?). Learn about the wild world of dual penises, delayed fertilization, egg incubation, and mating balls in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/snakes/how-do-snakes-mate.htm

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How Did Manifest Destiny Shape America? May 06, 2022

Manifest Destiny was the idea that European colonists in the early U.S. had a God-given duty to expand across the continent. Learn how it worked then and continues today in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/manifest-destiny-america.htm

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How Do Coconut Crabs Work? May 05, 2022

The coconut crab is the world's largest land-dwelling arthropod -- they grow longer than your average dog and can open coconuts with their claws. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/coconut-crabs.htm

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Why Is May 4th a Star Wars Holiday? May 04, 2022

The first instance of "May the Fourth be with you" was a celebration of politics, not fandom. Learn more about this history of Star Wars holidays in May in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/why-exactly-is-may-4th-a-star-wars-holiday.htm

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Who Built Ohio's Serpent Mound? May 03, 2022

The Serpent Mound, a vast effigy built on a meteorite crater's edge in what's now Ohio, may be 900 years old -- or much older. Learn what we know and don't know in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/archaeology/ohio-serpent-mound.htm

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How Does Anhedonia Work? Apr 29, 2022

Anhedonia is a mental health condition where normally pleasurable things, from music to food to conversation to touch, don't feel good anymore. Learn what we're still learning about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/mental-disorders/anhedonia.htm

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If Birds Can Perch, Why Can't Drones? Apr 28, 2022

Designing drones that can land and perch anywhere would be really useful, but it's harder than it may sound. Learn how researchers have pulled it off in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/perchiing-drones-news.htm

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Is It Dangerous to Bathe During a Thunderstorm? Apr 27, 2022

Myths about lightning abound, but this one is true: It's safest to avoid running the taps during a thunderstorm. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/dangerous-to-bathe-during-thunderstorm.htm

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Is Bugs Bunny a Rabbit or a Hare? Apr 26, 2022

Bunnies and hares have a number of distinct traits -- as does Bugs himself. Learn whether he leans rabbit or hare in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/bugs-bunny-rabbit-or-hare.htm

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Should the U.S. Switch to Permanent Daylight Savings Time? Apr 25, 2022

Switching to Daylight Savings Time gives us an extra hour of sunlight in the evenings during Spring and Summer months -- but is it helpful or hazardous? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/permanent-daylight-saving-time-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Playing with Toy Guns Lead to Violent Behavior? Apr 24, 2022

Some parents and advocacy groups recommend against allowing children to play with toys that resemble weapons. But is there any science to back that up? Learn about play, parenting, and aggression in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/behavior/playing-with-toy-guns-lead-to-actual-gun-violence.htm

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Holly Frey In Conversation With Seneca Women to Hear Winner: Naibe Reynoso Apr 23, 2022

Holly Frey, host of Stuff You Missed in History Cass, sits down with Naibe Reynoso, one of the ten winners of Seneca Women to Hear: Search for the Next Great Female Podcasters

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the History of Lemonade? Apr 23, 2022

Who were the first people to drink lemonade? How did it turn pink? Learn the folklore behind lemonade in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/what-is-history-lemonade.htm

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Where Did the Phonetic Alphabet Come From? Apr 22, 2022

As audio technology developed during the 1900s, people realized that they needed a clearer way to communicate terms than spelling them out in the normal alphabet. Learn how the NATO phonetic alphabet (Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, etc.) came to be in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/phonetic-alphabet.htm

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How Does Baker's Yeast Work? Apr 21, 2022

The magic microbe that makes bread rise and beer alcoholic is yeast -- often, the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Learn how it works in this episode of BrianStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/yeast.htm

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How Did Bessie Coleman Work? Apr 20, 2022

In 1921, Bessie Coleman became the first Black American woman to earn a pilot's license. Learn about her life and legacy in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/classic/bessie-coleman.htm

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Are Humans Really Worse at Smelling than Dogs? Apr 18, 2022

The idea that humans have a worse sense of smell than other animals is a pervasive myth. Learn the reality in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nose-throat/human-sense-smell-good-as-dog.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Should You Really Take Fish Oil Pills? Apr 17, 2022

Conventional wisdom has long said fish oil pills are a great nutritional boost, but recent research shows they don't have the cardiovascular benefits we once thought. Learn who should still consider taking them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can Squid 'Speak' With Their Skin? Apr 16, 2022

Squid can communicate via patterns they flash on their skin, and the way they create those patterns is stranger than anyone thought. Learn what researchers are learning about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Most Americans Have Paid for Gasoline? Apr 15, 2022

Gas prices have been high recently in the U.S., but the national average has gone higher (once you account for inflation). Learn how gas pricing works in the U.S. and around the world in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/fuel-consumption/highest-gas-payment.htm

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How Does Earth's Pulse Work? Apr 15, 2022

Yes, Earth has a pulse: peaks of geologic activity that occur every 27.5 million years, and herald mass extinctions. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/earths-pulse.htm

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Why Didn't Russia Sell Alaska to Canada? Apr 14, 2022

In 1867, Russia sold the territory of Alaska to the United States -- a perhaps confusing move, given that Canada was right next door. Learn how it happened in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/why-didnt-russia-sell-alaska-to-canada.htm

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How Can Hay Fever Cause Food Allergies? Apr 12, 2022

It turns out that compounds in some raw fruits and vegetables mimic the compounds that cause seasonal allergies, and thus make you itchy when you eat them. Learn more about oral allergy syndrome in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/allergies/food-allergy/information/hay-fever-allergic-fruits.htm

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How Does Dolores Huerta Work? Apr 11, 2022

In the 1960s, Dolores Huerta worked alongside Cesar Chavez to create the United Farm Workers union and organize for farmworkers' rights across America. Learn more about her legacy and continuing work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/dolores-huerta.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Bad Is It to Run Your Car on Empty? Apr 10, 2022

Your car's empty-tank light can sneak up on you, and it's easy to put off filling up for another day. But are you damaging your car when you do? Learn why it's not good to run your car on empty in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/fuel-economy/is-it-bad-to-drive-car-with-nearly-empty-gas-tank.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Doctors' Biases Affect Health Care? Apr 09, 2022

Implicit biases change the way we act without us even realizing it, and doctors aren't immune. Learn how we can identify and change our unconscious biases in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/healthcare/doctors-biases-health-care.htm

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How Does Plutonium Work? Apr 09, 2022

Plutonium may be as misunderstood as it is useful -- and potentially dangerous. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/plutonium.htm

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Can the U.S. Cut Dependence on Foreign Oil? Apr 08, 2022

The United States produces a lot of oil, but we also import (and use) a lot. Learn why oil independence isn't on the horizon yet in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/cut-dependence-foreign-oil.htm

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How Old Are Grocery Store Apples? Apr 06, 2022

The apples you find in your chain grocery store may have been picked a year ago -- but that's OK. Learn about apple storage technology in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/grocery-store-apple-one-year-old.htm

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How Did One Woman Change the FDA's Drug Approval Process? Apr 05, 2022

When FDA employee Frances Kelsey called for caution regarding the drug thalidomide in the 1960s, she wound up saving babies and changing FDA guidelines as we know them. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/frances-kelsey-thalidomide.htm

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How Does the Museum of Failure Work? Apr 04, 2022

From Google Glass to Crystal Pepsi, the Museum of Failure celebrates the spirit of innovation behind flops and failures. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/destinations/landmarks/museums-tours/museum-failure.htm

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Are Wolves Smarter Than Dogs? Mar 21, 2022

Intelligence is tricky to define, but research has shown that wolves understand cause and effect where dogs don't. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/wolves-are-smarter-than-dogs.htm

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Why Do Books Smell So Good? Mar 20, 2022

Researchers have set out to catalog the scent compounds that make books and libraries smell so welcoming. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/odor-wheel-smell-old-books.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Hangry a Real Emotion? Mar 19, 2022

If you've ever had to apologize for what you said when you were hungry, you may be comforted to know that hanger is real. Learn what causes is -- and how you can stop or even prevent it -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/is-hanger-real-emotion.htm

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What Is the Longest Worm in the World? Mar 17, 2022

The bootlace worm, Lineus longissimus, is as thin as a pencil but can grow as long as a blue whale. Learn about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/bootlace-worm.htm

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How Does Liquid Smoke Work? Mar 16, 2022

Liquid smoke, a flavoring used by food manufacturers and home cooks alike, is made from real, purified wood smoke. Learn how it's made in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/liquid-smoke.htm

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How Do Dollar Stores Make Money? Mar 14, 2022

Dollar stores actually have high profit margins for charging so little per item. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/budgeting/dollar-store.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Yes, Your Dog Wants to Help When You're Upset Mar 13, 2022

Confirming what dog owners already know, new research shows that dogs really do want to help us when we're sad or upset. Learn how the experiments worked in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/your-dog-really-wants-to-help-when-youre-upset.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens When Hurricanes Hit Volcanoes? Mar 12, 2022

In a phrase: big bada-boom. Learn how hurricanes and volcanoes intensify each other in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/battle-epic-hurricane-vs-volcano.htm

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Why Do We Have Favorite Colors? Mar 11, 2022

It's obvious that we all have color preferences, but recent research may have discovered why. Learn how the experiments worked in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/favorite-colors.htm

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Do the North and South Poles Have Time Zones? Mar 10, 2022

Time zones are based on longitudinal lines that all intersect at the poles -- so what time is it at the North or South Pole? Learn how this tricky situation is handled in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/north-south-poles-time-zones.htm

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Do Rabbits Really Go Crazy in March? Mar 09, 2022

Rabbits and hares have a long literary reputation for going mad in March -- which happens to be the beginning of their breeding season. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/do-rabbits-really-go-crazy-in-march.htm

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How Did Curse Tablets Work? Mar 08, 2022

In ancient Greece and Rome, cursing foes via written tablets was sometimes wildly popular. Learn how curse tablets worked in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/curse-tablets.htm

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How Do Sanctions Work? Mar 07, 2022

To punish foreign governments without using weaponry, the U.S. often turns to sanctions. Learn more, plus a bit about sanctions against Russia, is this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/sanctions.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Nutrients Get into the World's Oceans? Mar 06, 2022

Phytoplankton are responsible for a lot of the oxygen we breathe, and their wellbeing is made possible by... deserts. Yes. Learn how the Sahara Desert and other dusty debris feeds our oceans in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/saharan-dust-good-bad-and-gritty.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can You Train a Bee? Mar 05, 2022

Spoiler alert: Totally. Bees and other insects can learn, and thus be trained, using scents. Learn how they could sniff out everything from bombs to cancer in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/bees-can-be-trained.htm

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How Did Anne Bonny, Female Pirate, Work? Mar 04, 2022

Unfortunately, the answer is that no one is entirely sure -- myths about pirates outnumber confirmed details. Learn what we do know about Anne Bonny and Mary Read in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/anne-bonny.htm

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Why Does the Sun Get Colder Closer to Its Surface? Mar 03, 2022

The outer layers of the sun's atmosphere are hotter than its surface, and researchers think it might have to do with magnetohydrodynamics. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-sun-atmosphere-hotter-than-surface.htm

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How Did the Black Codes Work? Mar 02, 2022

After the American Civil War, Southern governments created laws to keep freed Black people working without pay or legal recourse. Learn how the Black Codes shaped history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-civil-war/black-codes.htm

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How Do Kodiak Bears Work? Mar 01, 2022

This type of brown bear lives only on an Alaskan archipelago and has evolved to be one of the biggest bears in the world. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/kodiak-bear.htm

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How Can Wastewater Help Us Track Coronavirus? Feb 28, 2022

Our poop is filled with useful information about us, including viruses like the one that causes COVID-19. Learn how researchers are using wastewater to warn communities about potential outbreaks in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/tracking-coronavirus-wastewater.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Did Our Ancestors Really Eat? Feb 27, 2022

Figuring out what foods were on ancient menus can be tricky, but a mummy called Ötzi the Iceman was preserved with his last meal still intact. Learn what scientists found out about his eating habits in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/biology-fields/otzi-iceman-ate-high-fat-last-meal.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Who Does the Real Magic: Magicians, or Assistants? Feb 26, 2022

The gender roles of traditional stage magicians and 'lovely assistants' can seem outdated, but behind the scenes, the work has always been pretty equal. Learn how being a magician's assistant works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/circus-arts/is-lovely-assistant-real-magician.htm

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What Is a Cosmic Cow? Feb 25, 2022

A particularly bright light in the sky, affectionately nicknamed a 'cosmic cow', seems to be a baby black hole or neutron star. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/cosmic-cow-news.htm

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How Did a Civil Rights Photographer Become an FBI Informant? Feb 24, 2022

Photographer Ernest Withers took iconic photos that helped the Civil Rights movement -- and also informed on its inner workings to the FBI. Learn more about this mystery in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/ernest-withers-civil-rights-documentary-or-informant.htm

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Why Didn't We Evolve to Smell Water? Feb 23, 2022

OK, water is scentless, but lots of non-human animals track down sources of it with their noses. Learn why humans aren't so good at that in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/humans-smell-fresh-water-evolution.htm

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Why Does Preening Help Keep Flamingos Pink? Feb 22, 2022

Flamingos work hard to keep their feathers brightly colored, inside and out. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/flamingos-pink-plumage-news.htm

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How Much Animal DNA Is in the Air? Feb 21, 2022

We think of DNA being a mostly internal thing, but researchers have collected a surprising amount of animal DNA from thin air. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/edna-suck-thin-air-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Head Scratching a Gesture of Thought? Feb 20, 2022

Some gesticulations come naturally -- scratching your head when you're thinking is so common that it's basically a cliche. But why? Learn what researchers have to say in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-do-scratch-heads-when-were-thinking.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can We Make Roads Out of Recycled Plastic? Feb 19, 2022

Plastics clog our ecosystems and our roads need maintenance -- could fixing one problem help solve the other? Learn how researchers are recycling plastics into useful materials in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/recycled-plastic-waste-creates-roads.htm

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Can Winter Athletes Tell Real Snow from Fake Snow? Feb 18, 2022

The 2022 Winter Olympics are the first to use primarily artificial snow in outdoor games like skiing and snowboarding. Learn how athletes compensate for the difference in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/snow-sports/difference-between-fake-snow-real.htm

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Why Do We Fall in Love? Feb 17, 2022

The set of emotions we call 'love' is both a psychological phenomenon and a societal construct. Learn more about how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/relationships/love/why-do-we-fall-in-love.htm

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How Did Bass Reeves Work? Feb 16, 2022

Bass Reeves was one of the first Black deputy marshals in the Old West, and one of the most successful. Learn more about him in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/bass-reeves.htm

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Muffin, Bagel, Doughnut: What's the Best Choice? Feb 15, 2022

Three of the most popular to-go breakfast foods in the U.S. don't necessarily serve as the best nutritional start to your day. Learn which may keep you going the longest in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/bagel-muffin-doughnut.htm

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How Do Some Squirrels Gain Muscle During Hibernation? Feb 14, 2022

Humans lose muscle when we don't use it, but squirrels can gain muscle during winter hibernation -- thanks to their gut bacteria. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrels-get-jacked-during-hibernation-news.htm

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Can Different Species of Birds Understand Each Other? Feb 13, 2022

Birds and other animals can learn to "talk" to one another, and even work together to spread warnings about predators nearby. Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/can-bird-species-talk-with-each-other.htm

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What's the History of Toothpaste? Feb 12, 2022

Toothpaste actually predates the toothbrush in dental hygiene's history. Learn the long history behind this everyday item in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/oral-care/products/history-toothpaste.htm

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Who Was the First Self-Made Woman Millionaire? Feb 11, 2022

Madam C. J. Walker was a Black entrepreneur who built a beauty empire from scratch over a century ago, and her legacy of philanthropy and community support lives on. Learn about Madam Walker in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/madam-cj-walker.htm

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Why Are Some Scents Soothing? Feb 10, 2022

The way our brains process scent is definitely tied to memory and emotion -- but do some scent compounds work like anti-anxiety medicine? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/what-makes-scent-soothing.htm

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Why Is Point Nemo the World's Spacecraft Graveyard? Feb 09, 2022

When spacecraft in orbit stop working, it's ideal to bring them safely back to Earth. Learn about Point Nemo, the remote crash zone for old spacecraft, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/south-pacific-graveyard-where-spacecraft-go-to-die.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Are Vampire Squid? Feb 06, 2022

Despite their name and their somewhat scary appearance, 'Vampyroteuthis infernalis' aren't infernal blood-suckers. Learn why they're pretty cool anyway in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/vampire-squid-dont-actually-suck-blood.htm

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Why Do Babies' Eyes Sometimes Change Color? Feb 04, 2022

Our eyes are as individual as our fingerprints, but their shade can change over time. Learn why this is common in babies during the first couple years of their life in this episode of BrainStuff: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/eye/babies-eyes-change-color.htm

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How Could NASA's DART Mission Change the Cosmos? Feb 03, 2022

NASA's DART mission aims to subtly alter the orbit of one small asteroid around another -- and thus change the trajectory of objects outside Earth for the first time. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff: https://science.howstuffworks.com/dart-nasas-asteroid-redirecting-mission-news.htm

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Could Earth Gain a New Ocean? Feb 02, 2022

Some researchers think that eventually, a rift that's forming in West Africa could become a whole new ocean. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/earth-get-new-ocean.htm

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Who Profits from Food Delivery Apps? Feb 01, 2022

Consumers are spending billions via food delivery apps like DoorDash and Uber Eats, but no one -- not the drivers, the restaurants, or the apps themselves -- are seeing much profit. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/food-delivery-make-money-news.htm

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Is Uranium Glass Radioactive? Jan 31, 2022

Uranium gives glass products an unearthly glow -- and luckily for collectors, the stuff is basically safe to handle. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/artwork/uranium-glass.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Makes Stars Twinkle? Jan 30, 2022

On a clear night, the stars seem to wink and twinkle in the sky. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-do-stars-twinkle.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Should You Really Eat Activated Charcoal? Jan 29, 2022

Celebrities and Instagrammers have been singing the praises of activated charcoal as a health supplement, but can it really help make you healthier? Learn the real science in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/why-are-people-eating-activated-charcoal.htm

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How Were COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Released So Quickly? Jan 28, 2022

Scientists were able to release the mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 (from Pfizer and Moderna) quickly because of decades of prior research -- and how adaptable mRNA treatments are. Learn the history and what the incredible future may hold in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/modern-technology/mrna-technology-news.htm

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How Did the Little Free Library Movement Start? Jan 27, 2022

What started as a simple remembrance of a mother and schoolteacher has become a worldwide movement dedicated to reading and sharing books. Learn how Todd Bol started LFL in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/todd-bol-and-little-free-library-movement.htm

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Do Other Animals Practice Social Distancing? Jan 26, 2022

Practicing social distancing to prevent the spread of disease isn't just solid science -- it's an instinct in other mammals, like bats. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/social-distance-vampire-bats.htm

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Are Different Types of Salt Really That Different? Jan 25, 2022

Table salt, Kosher salt, sea salt, pink salt -- it may all be sodium chloride, but you can't always directly substitute one kind of salt for another in recipes. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/difference-between-kosher-salt-table-salt.htm, https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/all-salt-is-not-same.htm

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How Can You Get Paid to Break Into Stuff? Jan 24, 2022

Crime doesn't pay -- but penetration testing does. Learn why companies pay hackers to break into their networks and offices in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/hack-networks-security-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Hounds Have Floppy Ears? Jan 23, 2022

Sure, scent hounds' noses are powerful tools -- but their ears may be the secret to their success. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/why-do-scent-hounds-have-long-floppy-ears.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Did Victorians Think Green Tea Causes Hallucinations? Jan 22, 2022

We attribute lots of potential health effects to green tea, but the Victorians had a strange one: they thought it caused hallucinations. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/natural-medicine/herbal-remedies/does-green-tea-cause-hallucinations.htm

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How Does Iambic Pentameter Work? Jan 21, 2022

Poets like Shakespeare have written extensively in a particular type of verse called iambic pentameter. Learn what it is and how to write in it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/iambic-pentameter.htm

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How Powerful Are Magnetars? Jan 20, 2022

When some massive stars go supernova, they then collapse into magnetars -- the most powerful magnetic objects in the known universe. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/magnetars.htm

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Can the Endangered Vaquita Porpoise Be Saved? Jan 19, 2022

Around ten of the world's smallest porpoise, the vaquita, are alive today -- but researchers think they can be brought back from the brink of extinction. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/vaquita.htm

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Can Carrots Really Turn Your Skin Orange? Jan 18, 2022

It would take a LOT of carrots (or other veg pigmented with carotenoids), but yes, the color from carrots can build up in your skin. Learn how carotenemia works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/carotenosis.htm

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Why Do Fishing Superstitions Prohibit Bananas and Suitcases? Jan 17, 2022

Most people identify as being at least a little superstitious, mariners included. Learn why bananas and suitcases, of all things, are often turned away from fishing boats in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/fishing-superstition.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is the Museum of Broken Relationships? Jan 16, 2022

Museums collect all kinds of art and artifacts -- this one collects pieces of broken hearts. Learn about some of the items and stories held in the Museum of Broken Relationships in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/museum-broken-relationships-houses-heartache.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Close Are We to Recycling Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Jan 15, 2022

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of gasoline- and coal-burning engines, and it's a serious pollutant. But what if we could capture that carbon and recycle it into usable fuel? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/carbon-capture-to-fuel-is-almost-here.htm

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Should You Pop Blisters? Jan 14, 2022

Blisters can be unsightly and painful -- luckily, it's usually OK to pop them. Learn when and how to do so safely in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/problems/treating/pop-blisters.htm

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What Created the Carolina Bays? Jan 13, 2022

Hundreds of similar-shaped ponds called the Carolina Bays pock the Eastern United States. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/carolina-bays.htm

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Did Doctors Really Prescribe Alcohol During Prohibition? Jan 12, 2022

Doctors prescribed alcohol for centuries before modern medicine taught us its dangers, but this practice was really profitible during Prohibition. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/ridiculous-history-when-doctors-prescribed-alcohol-during-prohibition.htm

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How Do Anacondas Work? Jan 11, 2022

The amphibious anaconda is arguably the biggest snake in the world. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/snakes/anaconda.htm

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How Does Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater Work? Dec 06, 2021

Originally constructed as a family's weekend home, Fallingwater is now considered architect Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece. Learn about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/architecture/fallingwater.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Who Was the First Fashion Designer? Dec 04, 2021

Fashion designers and their work are everywhere these days, from our closets to the runways. But one man started it all: Charles Frederick Worth. Learn who he was and how he created haute couture in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/who-started-haute-couture.htm

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Why Does Eating Meat Consume More Resources Than Eating Plants? Dec 03, 2021

It takes a lot more resources to grow an animal for food than it does to grow plants. Learn how much more -- and what that means for the conscientious omnivore -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/facts/meat-eaters-consume-more-plants-vegetarians.htm

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What's the Difference Between Dusk and Twilight? Dec 02, 2021

We often use the terms 'dusk' and 'twilight' interchangeably, but they have distinct astronomical meanings. Learn the real definitions of twilight, dusk, and dawn in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/twilight-dusk.htm

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How Does Pancreatic Cancer Work? Dec 01, 2021

For such a small organ, the pancreas has a big job -- and it's a difficult to detect the cancers that develop there. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/cancer/facts/pancreas-cancer.htm

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How Could CRISPR Improve Agriculture? Nov 30, 2021

Researchers are using CRISPR technology to make everything from coffee that grows decaffeinated to bulls without hazardous horns. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/crispr-innovations-news.htm

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Do Hand Dryers Really Spread Germs? Nov 29, 2021

Some studies warn against using those air-blasting hand dryers in public bathrooms, but the results are complicated. Learn more (including why a good wash is most important) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/infectious/jet-hand-dryers-blast-viruses-germs.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Red Snow? Nov 27, 2021

Snow usually appears white, but it can come in a few other colors -- and in the case of red snow, that vibrant color may be a warning from Mother Nature. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/amazing-and-alarming-science-behind-red-snow.htm

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Have We Found the First Planet Outside the Milky Way? Nov 26, 2021

Planets are small and difficult to spot out in the vast reaches of space, but researchers think they've identified one in another galaxy for the first time. Learn more about M51-ULS-1b in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/first-planet-outside-milky-way-news.htm

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Where Do Baby Vegetables Come From? Nov 25, 2021

From snack-sized carrots to miniature artichokes, we love li'l veggies -- and have a number of ways to produce them. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/where-do-baby-veggies-come-from.htm

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What Is the Mojave Megaphone? Nov 24, 2021

Deep in the Mojave Desert, a set of large metal cones are permanently embedded in the rocky terrain. Learn what we do (and don't) know about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/mojave-desert-megaphone.htm

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Can Solar Panels Power Cars? Nov 23, 2021

Enthusiasts and automakers alike add solar panels to help power vehicles. Learn the history and potential future in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/solar-cars.htm

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Is Going Sockless Unhealthy? Nov 22, 2021

Any fashion concerns aside, going sockless in closed shoes can be hazardous to the health of your feet. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/hygiene-tips/sockless-bad-for-feet.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can Robots Help Catch Poachers? Nov 21, 2021

Robotic animals can help law enforcement agents catch poachers in the act -- but only if the robots are convincing enough. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/robotic-animals-are-helping-catch-poachers.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could the Waterbed Make a Comeback? Nov 20, 2021

Waterbeds were a mainstay of opulent '80s culture, but why did they fall out of fashion? How have they evolved since then? Could they climb back from the pits of public disfavor? Explore in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-decor/bedroom/could-waterbeds-ever-make-comeback.htm

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How Do Mink Work? Nov 19, 2021

Mink are amazing animals -- but in our culture, they're often better known as a fur product than a creature. Learn how humans have made a mess of mink in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/mink.htm

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Should You Ditch Your Backup Plans? Nov 18, 2021

In some situations, having a backup plan is common sense -- but research shows that in other cases it can keep you from achieving your primary goal. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/behavior/got-a-backup-plan-think-ditching-it.htm

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How Do Fungal Pesticides Work? Nov 17, 2021

Biopesticides made from fungi may be the key to safe, effective pest control in the future. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/fungus-based-pesticides-might-be-green-solution-future.htm

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How Does Crowd Control Work? Nov 16, 2021

A well-prepared safety team should be able to prevent Injuries and deaths due to crowding at entertainment venues. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/astroworld-crowd-control-news.htm

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How Do Anglerfish Work? Nov 15, 2021

Fearsome-looking female anglerfish lure in prey with glowing light in the inky black depths of the ocean and are literally bonded to their mates. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/anglerfish.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Beaches Be Saved by Adding Sand? Nov 14, 2021

Beaches are eroding faster than we've ever seen. Some efforts to save them involve adding more sand from offshore -- but can that really work? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/remediation/adding-sand-not-enough-to-save-beaches.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Feel Hungry When We're Not? Nov 13, 2021

Feeling hungry doesn't just happen when our bodies need calories, and there's no one way that we feel hunger to begin with. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/why-feel-hungry-even-when-not.htm

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Why Are Death Cap Mushrooms Invading America? Nov 12, 2021

Death cap mushrooms have been popping up around the U.S. -- often accompanied by spates of mushroom poisoning. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/biology-fields/poisonous-death-cap-mushroom.htm

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Can You Really Shatter Glass with a High Note? Nov 11, 2021

Yes, a human singer really could sing high and loud enough to break glass. Learn about acoustics, resonance, and intensity in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/shatter-glass-with-high-note.htm

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Could Thorium Revamp Nuclear Energy? Nov 10, 2021

Thorium itself isn't a nuclear fuel, but in combination with other materials, it might power the nuclear reactors of the future. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/thorium.htm

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Why Do Flamingos Stand on One Leg? Nov 09, 2021

Spoiler alert: No one knows for sure! Learn a bit about how flamingos work, plus science's best hypotheses for why they often balance on one leg, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/flamingos-stand-on-one-leg.htm

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Why Are Some Foods 'Breakfast Foods'? Nov 08, 2021

In North America and parts of Europe, food and drinks like bacon, eggs, cereal, coffee, and orange juice https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/breakfast-foods.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Sea Spiders Breathe Through Their Legs? Nov 07, 2021

Sea spiders have way more leg than body, and scientists have never been able to pinpoint how they breathe -- until now. Learn what they found in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/sea-spiders-breathe-through-pores-in-their-legs.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: When Will Arlington Cemetery Run Out of Space? Nov 06, 2021

The U.S.'s most honored national cemetery is vast, but it only has so much space -- and it's running out. Learn some of the proposed solutions in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/national-traditions/arlington-national-cemetery-is-running-out-space.htm

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How Does the Cerebellum Work? Nov 05, 2021

This small structure of the brain plays a huge role in coordinating our movements, speech, and maybe even emotion. Learn about the cerebellum in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/cerebellum.htm

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Who's Been Sending NASA Flowers for Thirty Years? Nov 04, 2021

When NASA returned to crewed missions following the Challenger disaster, one family decided to send a simple thank-you: flowers. Learn how this gesture became a 30-year tradition in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/shelton-family-flowers-to-nasa.htm

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How Does the Invasive Joro Spider Work? Nov 03, 2021

Residents of the American South may have noticed a new spider on the, er, web -- the beautiful, fascinating Joro spider. Learn about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/arachnids/joro-spider.htm

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How Much Starlight Has Been Emitted Since the Beginning of Time? Nov 02, 2021

Measuring something as ubiquitous as starlight is no small task, but a group of researchers think they've found an answer. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/much-starlight-has-been-emitted-since-beginning-time.htm

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Would We Have Pumpkin Pie If Mastodons Had Survived? Nov 01, 2021

Pumpkins as we know them only evolved after North American megafauna like woolly mammoths and mastodons died off. Learn the connection in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/extinct-animals/megafauna-died-for-pumpkin-spice-latte.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Music's 'Word' for Death? Oct 31, 2021

Composers use musical references to help create mood -- and as a wink at other music lovers. Learn how 'Dies Irae', or 'The Day of Wrath', is often used in film soundtracks in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/why-soundtracks-love-day-wrath.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Copper Create Mummies? Oct 30, 2021

After anthropologists discovered a child's mummified hand, they discovered that a copper coin might be responsible for the preservation. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/archaeology/anthropologists-discover-mummified-green-baby-hand.htm

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Devil's Den: Is Gettysburg Haunted? Oct 29, 2021

The Battle of Gettysburg was the Civil War's bloodiest, and ghosts have been reported in one area in particular: Devil's Den. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-civil-war/devils-den.htm

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How Did Benjamin Franklin Help Create the Jersey Devil? Oct 28, 2021

The Jersey Devil is an all-American cryptid -- born partially of a publishing rivalry in the 1700s involving Ben Franklin. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/jersey-devil.htm

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Were Witches Really Burned at the Stake in Salem? Oct 27, 2021

People were executed as witches in Salem in the 1690s, but no one was burned at the stake. Learn what really happened in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/witches-burned-at-stake-in-salem.htm

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How Do Fruit Bats Work? Oct 26, 2021

Bats are a part of spooky Halloween imagery, but fruit bats are a wide category of helpful (and even cute!) pollinators and seed dispersers. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/fruit-bats.htm

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Do You Have to Tell Buyers Your House Is Haunted? Oct 25, 2021

The law requires a homeowner to disclose anything that might affect the property's value to a potential buyer -- and in some cases, yes, that can include purported ghosts. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/real-estate/selling-home/haunted-house-for-sale.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Dogs Use Facial Expressions to Communicate with Us? Oct 24, 2021

It seems that dogs make more expressive faces when humans are watching. Are they trying to communicate? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/dogs-make-more-expressive-faces-when-we-watch.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can the Fashion Industry Better Serve People with Disabilities? Oct 23, 2021

Finding something to wear can be especially challenging for people with limited dexterity or mobility, but some fashion designers are starting to change that. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/style/fashion/body-type/clothing-industrys-narrow-focus-sidelines-people-disabilities.htm

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How Did Stegosaurus Work? Oct 22, 2021

The Stegosaurus was a huge herbivore in a time of giants -- and it had some impressive defenses. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/stegosaurus.htm

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Why Is Rudeness So Contagious? Oct 21, 2021

Just witnessing an act of rudeness can make us more likely to be rude ourselves. Learn why -- and what you can do about it -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-rudeness-contagious.htm

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Do Our Brains Have Fingerprints Too? Oct 20, 2021

Researchers working with MRI have found that human brains produce recognizable 'fingerprints' in just a couple of minutes. Learn about connectomes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brains-fingerprints-news.htm

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What Really Happened at the O.K. Corral? Oct 19, 2021

The gunfight in Tombstone in 1881 between some tough-nosed lawmen and hard-headed outlaws went down in history -- thanks to Hollywood. Learn the story behind it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/gunfight-ok-corral.htm

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How Do Blue-Ringed Octopuses Work? Oct 18, 2021

The tiny, strikingly beautiful blue-ringed octopus is also the ocean's deadliest. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/blue-ringed-octopus.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Type 2 Diabetes Reversible? Oct 17, 2021

Doctors used to think Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition, but research shows that it can be reversed -- and that with work to maintain weight loss, former patients can live without medication. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/turns-out-type-2-diabetes-is-reversible-after-all.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Microwaved Coffee Taste So Bad? Oct 16, 2021

Once a cup of coffee goes cold, it'll never taste the same -- but why? Learn the science behind the weird flavors of microwaved coffee in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-science/why-microwaved-coffee-tastes-bad.htm

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Why Are Airplane Windows Round? Oct 15, 2021

The windows in our homes and cars tend to be rectangular(ish) -- so why are airplane windows always round? Learn the science in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/airplane-windows-round.htm

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How Do Sea Otters Work? Oct 14, 2021

Sea otter populations, once endangered because of their super-cozy fur -- are doing a lot better these days. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/sea-otter.htm

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How Does Long COVID Work? Oct 13, 2021

Spoiler alert: No one's really sure, but researchers are working on it. Learn what long-term COVID symptoms can look like and what's being done about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/infectious/long-covid-news.htm

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Could a Spaceship Ignite an Alien Atmosphere? Oct 12, 2021

Our rockets use combustion for power. Some planets have atmospheres made of flammable stuff like hydrogen and methane. Learn why we probably wouldn't cause a planetary fire in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/rockets-accidentally-ignite-alien-world-atmosphere.htm

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How Did Nigersaurus Work? Oct 11, 2021

Nigersaurus was a dinosaur with over 500 teeth that's been described as a Mesozoic cow with a face like a vacuum cleaner. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/nigersaurus.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Life on Earth of Alien Origin? Oct 10, 2021

The idea that life on Earth was seeded from outer space is called Panspermia, and some researchers are looking into how (and when) it could've happened. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/did-alien-seeds-cause-explosion-life-earth.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Are We Moving Closer to 'Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'? Oct 09, 2021

We build memories through our experiences. But what if we could transfer memories to other people? It's happening -- in snails. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/eternal-sunshine-snail-mind.htm

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What Did the 2020 Census Reveal? Oct 08, 2021

The initial results of the 2020 United States census are in. Learn a bit about how America has changed in the past decade in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/2020-census-news.htm

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How Do Starfish Work? Oct 07, 2021

Starfish, more properly called sea stars, have some amazing (and amazingly weird) abilities. Learn about them in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/starfish.htm

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What Is Bubblegum Flavor Anyway? Oct 06, 2021

Many foods have natural or artificial flavorings added -- but what does 'bubblegum' represent? Learn about scent, taste, and the flavor industry in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/does-bubblegum-flavor-represent-something-the-natural-world.htm

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Can Horses Help Humans Heal? Oct 05, 2021

Some mental health professionals have integrated interaction with horses into practice. Learn how equine therapy works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/coping/horse-therapy.htm

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What Gets Featured on Blue Highway Signs? Oct 04, 2021

The rules vary from state to state, but there are specific guidelines for what services can and can't get a mention on U.S. highway signs. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/tech-transport/who-featured-blue-highway-exit-signs.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can You Really Catch Up on Sleep? Oct 03, 2021

Good news, fellow weekend sleep-in-ers: recent research shows that 'catching up' on sleep on your off days can help you stay healthy. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/basics/yes-you-can-catch-up-on-sleep.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Rube Goldberg Work? Oct 02, 2021

Who was Rube Goldberg, and how did he come up with his famously weird contraptions? Learn the history behind this American cartoonist in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/who-was-rube-goldberg-and-what-are-his-contraptions.htm

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How Does the Mars Solar Conjunction Affect NASA? Oct 01, 2021

When the Sun passes between Earth and Mars, NASA pauses communications to its equipment on the Red Planet. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/mars-solar-conjunction-news.htm

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How Does Ambulance Diversion Work? Sep 30, 2021

In many areas of the United States, hospitals overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients are enacting ambulance diversion. Learn what this means in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/hospital-diversion-news.htm

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Why Do Bats Land Upside Down? Sep 29, 2021

Bats take off and land from an upside-down position -- and researchers have figured out how (and why) they accomplish this. Learn more in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/how-bats-land-upside-down.htm

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Why Shouldn't You Share Antibiotics? Sep 28, 2021

It's generally a bad idea to share prescription medications, but sharing antibiotics is particularly hazardous. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/medication/sharing-leftover-antibiotics-is-really-bad-practice.htm

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How Did a Cat Make Aviation History? Sep 27, 2021

The first attempt at a transatlantic flight didn't go as planned -- perhaps especially for its feline crew member. Learn the story of Kiddo the cat in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/kiddo-the-cat.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did One Blood Donor Save 2 Million Babies? Sep 26, 2021

A man with a rare antibody in his blood spent 63 years donating, and has touched millions of lives. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/man-whose-blood-saved-more-than-2-million-babies.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Spicy Food Burn Your Tastebuds? Sep 25, 2021

Hot chili peppers can make you feel like your mouth is on fire, but are they actually doing any damage? Learn about the science of spice in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-science/can-spicy-food-burn-out-taste-buds.htm

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What's Next for Roe v. Wade? Sep 24, 2021

The Supreme Court's decisions in Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey set precedents for abortion law in the U.S., but they're being challenged. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/roe-v-wade-news.htm

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How Do Gila Monsters Work? Sep 23, 2021

Gila monsters are venomous, but they don't strike like a snake -- they chew. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/gila-monster.htm?utm_source=taboola&utm_medium=feed

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How Did an Amateur Design the U.S. Capitol? Sep 22, 2021

To design the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., the fledgling American government held an open competition -- and an amateur won. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/revolutionary-war/us-capitol-design-competition.htm

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How Does CRISPR Work? Sep 21, 2021

CRISPR is a gene editing technology based on how bacteria protect themselves from viruses. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/crispr-gene-editing.htm

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Why Are Siberia's Wildfires So Intense This Year? Sep 20, 2021

In 2021, wildfires in Siberia dwarfed all other wildfires in the world combined. Learn why, and what experts say could be done to help, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/siberia-2021-wildfires-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens to Red Carpet Dresses? Sep 19, 2021

After celebrities wear a gown to a glitzy award show or festival, it's often archived, but sometimes sold, reproduced, or even stolen. Learn the life story of red carpet fashion in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/style/fashion/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses-celebrities-wear-them.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Turtles Have Shells? Sep 18, 2021

It seems obvious that turtles' shells would have evolved to protect them from predators, but researchers have found that they probably first evolved to help turtles dig. Learn what that's all about in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/reptiles/real-reason-turtles-have-shells-hint-its-not-protection.htm

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How Does the Venus de Milo Work? Sep 17, 2021

Although she's one of the most famous figures in European art, a lot is still mysterious about the Venus de Milo. Learn what we do and don't know about her in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/artwork/venus-de-milo.htm

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Why Are There Diamonds in the Ocean? Sep 16, 2021

The diamond industry pulls stones from the ocean floor in addition to their mining operations. Learn how diamonds form and travel in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/ocean-diamonds.htm

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How Do Toucans Work? Sep 15, 2021

These brightly colored birds use their big beaks to communicate with each other and keep cool in hot weather. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/toucan.htm

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Are Stick Shifts Going Extinct? Sep 14, 2021

These days, it's increasingly rare to find new cars outfitted with manual transmissions -- even in markets that have traditionally preferred them. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/stick-shift-news.htm

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How Can We Help Prevent Suicide? Sep 13, 2021

Suicide is a pressing but preventable problem in the United States. Learn what experts are doing to help -- and how you can help too -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/mental-disorders/us-needs-to-have-ongoing-conversation-about-suicide.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could a Plastic-Eating Enzyme Help Save the Planet? Sep 12, 2021

We humans produce a LOT of plastics that wind up as harmful waste, but researchers have isolated an enzyme that may help reduce the problem. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/plastic-eating-enzyme-planets-new-hope.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Can't You Name Your Baby? Sep 11, 2021

The possibilities for a baby's name aren't quite as endless as they seem -- some national and local governments restrict what you can legally name your baby. Learn what some of those restrictions are (and why they exist) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/you-cant-name-your-baby-that.htm

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What Kind of Animal Is Godzilla? Sep 10, 2021

If Godzilla were real, what kind of animal would it be -- and could it even survive with such an impressive body mass? Learn what researchers think in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/godzilla.htm

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How Does the Stratosphere Work? Sep 09, 2021

The stratosphere is where planes fly, bacteria thrive, and our protective ozone layer forms. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/stratosphere.htm

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Why Should School Buses Go Electric? Sep 08, 2021

The current infrastructure bill would allot a chunk of funds to electrifying America's fleet of public school buses. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/electric-school-bus-news.htm

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Why Do Birds Fly Into Windows? Sep 07, 2021

Because windows look like open air to birds, collisions are unfortunately common. Learn why -- and how you can help prevent them -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/why-birbs-fly-into-windows.htm

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Can You Get a Flu Shot If You Have an Egg Allergy? Sep 06, 2021

Most influenza vaccines contain a tiny bit of egg protein because of the way they're manufactured, but experts still recommend getting vaccinated. Learn why, and how people with allergies can keep themselves safe, in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/allergies/food-allergy/dairy-eggs-meat/people-with-egg-allergies-flu-shot.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Earth's Crust Have Its Own Tides? Sep 05, 2021

You've probably seen ocean tides making the seas rise and fall, but solid land has tides, too. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/rising-rock-earths-crust-has-its-own-tides.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can You Microwave a Steak to Perfection? Sep 04, 2021

While it may not be our first choice in cooking methods, yes, you can microwave a steak to a perfect medium-rare. Learn how, plus how microwaves work, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/can-microwave-steak-to-perfect-medium-rare.htm

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How Do Red Squirrels Work? Sep 03, 2021

American red squirrels are smaller than their local grey counterparts, but they pack a lot of attitude. Learn about these cute but aggressive animals in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/red-squirrel.htm

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How Do You Sleep When Sailing 4,000 Miles Solo? Sep 02, 2021

Mini Transat sailors race small yachts alone across the Atlantic -- surviving three to four weeks sleeping only 20 minutes at a time. Learn what sleep researchers learned about this feat in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/disorders/sleep-when-sailing-solo-4000-miles.htm

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How Does Steganography Work? Sep 01, 2021

Steganography involves not just encrypting messages, but hiding the fact that there's a message being sent at all. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/future-tech/steganography.htm

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What's at the Bottom of the Fosse Dionne Spring? Aug 31, 2021

France's beautiful Fosse Dionne spring has been keeping its secrets close for centuries -- no one has ever found its source. Learn the myths and history surrounding it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/fosse-dionne-spring.htm

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Who Investigates Deaths in Antarctica? Aug 30, 2021

Antarctica belongs to no one nation -- so who has jurisdiction when someone dies under mysterious or criminal circumstances? Learn why it's messy in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/whos-charge-investigating-deaths-antarctica.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Will the Paper of the Future Be Made from Poop? Aug 29, 2021

It might sound gross, but it's eco-friendly: Paper is made from plant pulp. Animals that eat plants excrete plant pulp. Learn why some researchers have high hopes for poo-pyrus in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/poo-pyrus-eco-friendly-paper-made-from-poop.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can You Be Your Own Twin? Aug 28, 2021

In a genetic condition called chimerism, DNA from someone else (an unborn twin, an organ donor, or even your own baby) is at work in your body. Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/chimerism-be-own-twin.htm

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What's the Difference Between Lox, Gravlax, and Nova Salmon? Aug 27, 2021

Preservation techniques like curing and smoking create tasty, longer-lasting dishes like lox, gravlax, and nova. Learn the difference between these salmon preparations in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/lox-gravlax-nova-whats-difference.htm

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Why Are Noncompete Agreements So Common? Aug 26, 2021

Businesses say noncompete agreements protect their interests -- but when they apply to everyone from VPs to janitors, are they overkill? Learn how noncompetes work in this episode of BrainStuff: https://money.howstuffworks.com/noncompete-agreements-news.htm

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How Do Space Hurricanes Work? Aug 24, 2021

We're all too familiar with hurricanes here on Earth, but scientists have discovered storms with similar patterns right near the edge of space. Learn about space hurricanes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/space-hurricane.htm

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How Did the Battle for the 19th Amendment Work? Aug 23, 2021

Originally, the only Americans granted the right to vote were white male landowners. Learn how white women gained suffrage in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/19th-amendment.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Coffee Good or Bad for You? Aug 22, 2021

Will coffee really stunt your growth? Or give you heart problems? What about your teeth? Learn the truth behind common myths about that cuppa joe in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/coffee-stunt-growth.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Snails Grow Their Shells? Aug 21, 2021

A snail's shell is its permanent home -- but how do these wee, soft, slimy creatures grow hard, beautiful shells? Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/do-snails-get-shells.htm

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How Did Chopsticks Become Such a Popular Eating Utensil? Aug 20, 2021

Whole swaths of the world's population use chopsticks for their daily meals. Learn where they originated and how they evolved in this episode of BrainStuff: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/chopsticks.htm

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How Do Breakthrough Infections Work? Aug 19, 2021

Breakthrough infections happen when, like with the flu or COVID-19, a vaccinated person still gets infected. Learn why this is normal -- and why breakthrough infections are much less deadly -- in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/infectious/breakthrough-infections-COVID-19-news.htm

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What Trees Have Been to the Moon and Back? Aug 18, 2021

There are trees all over the U.S. (and the world) grown from seeds that orbited the Moon. Learn about NASA's moon trees in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nasa-moon-trees.htm

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How Did Bonnie and Clyde Die? Aug 17, 2021

Bonnie and Clyde, the infamous power couple of Depression-era crime, had their luck run out eventually. Learn how it happened in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/bonnie-and-clyde.htm

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Why Is South Florida Overrun with Green Iguanas? Aug 16, 2021

Green iguanas can really thrive in ecosystems where they don't belong -- and that can be a real problem. Learn more about these large reptiles in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/iguana.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Uranus Stink? Aug 15, 2021

It's not a joke: Scientists have confirmed that Uranus stinks. Learn how they found out -- and why it's actually really cool -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/scientists-confirm-uranus-stinks.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Popping Zits So Satisfying? Aug 14, 2021

Humans love popping zits so much precisely because it's gross. Learn about all the reasons why we find pimples so fascinating in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/problems/treating/why-do-love-to-pop-zits.htm

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How Can Rivers Actually Protect Fossils? Aug 13, 2021

Some startling fossils are being found in the world's rivers, but it takes dangerous diving teams to extract them. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/underwater-fossil-hunting.htm?utm_source=taboola&utm_medium=feed

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What Exactly Is a Blue Moon? Aug 12, 2021

The term 'blue moon' was figurative a long time before astronomers assigned various definitions. Learn why blue moons aren't blue and what they can mean in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/is-blue-moon-really-blue.htm

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How Do Broken Bones Heal? Aug 11, 2021

When you break a bone, it's best to go to a doctor -- though your body begins the healing process before you even get there. Learn how broken bones heal (with medical help) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/musculoskeletal/heal-broken-bones.htm

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What Are the Predictions for Hurricane Season 2021? Aug 10, 2021

The Atlantic Ocean's 2021 hurricane season started strong and is expected to end the same way. Learn how the predictions are made and what they're saying in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/2021-atlantic-hurricane-season-news.htm

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How Did Two Tortoises Beat Apollo to the Moon? Aug 09, 2021

The Apollo space mission brought the first humans to the Moon -- but two tortoises from Russia were the first vertebrates to orbit Earth's satellite. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/space-tortoises.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Was Stephen Hawking's Final Project? Aug 08, 2021

Days before his death, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking finished what would be his final research paper. Learn about his last take on the multiverse in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-scientists/physicists/stephen-hawkings-last-paper-takes-on-multiverse.htm

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What Is an Abscessed Tooth? Aug 06, 2021

Some toothaches are caused by an abscess -- an infection that can spread beyond the mouth. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/oral-care/problems/absecessed-tooth.htm

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How Does Racketeering Work? Aug 05, 2021

Racketeering is a type of crime that can be difficult to prosecute because the people at the top don't get their hands dirty. Learn how rackets and RICO work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/racketeering.htm

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How Can an Animal Breathe Without Oxygen? Aug 04, 2021

Animals need oxygen in order to live -- or so we thought. Learn about a tiny parasite that evolved to do without it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/animal-doesnt-need-oxygen.htm

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Why Are Airbnb, VRBO Fees Skyrocketing? Aug 03, 2021

If you've tried to rent a vacation spot through services like Airbnb in the past year, you may have felt blindsided by the final fee tally. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/airbnb-vrbo-prices-skyrocketed-news.htm

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How Do Box Jellyfish Work? Aug 02, 2021

Box jellyfish may look ethereal (or a little goofy), but they're some of the most dangerous animals in the world. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/box-jellyfish.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Are the Most-Believed Myths About Our Brains? Aug 01, 2021

Over-simplifications about how our brains work abound. Learn what these myths are, and why it's important to fight them, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/even-educators-believe-common-myths-about-learning-study-shows.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do City Birds Benefit from Cigarette Butts? Jul 31, 2021

Birds everywhere add insect-repelling plants to their nests, but urban birds have to get a little creative. Learn how cigarette butts help city birds stay healthy in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/urban-birds-oust-bugs-with-butts.htm

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How Has the U.S. Prevented Citizens from Voting? Jul 30, 2021

Both throughout American history and today, governments and other groups have made it more difficult for particular people to vote. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/10-ways-us-has-kept-citizens-from-voting.htm

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How Do Astronauts Sleep in Space? Jul 29, 2021

Sleep can be elusive here on Earth, so how do astronauts manage it in space? Learn what it takes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/sleep-in-space.htm/printable

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What Is the World's Largest Bee? Jul 28, 2021

Wallace's giant bee is rarely sighted, but is five times the size of the honeybees we're familiar with. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/wallaces-giant-bee-worlds-largest-rediscovered.htm

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How Does Ransomware Work? Jul 27, 2021

Ransomeware attacks have been targeting larger organizations with more to lose if they don't pay up. Learn how these attacks work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/ransomware-attacks-news.htm

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Why Are Pistachios Sold in Their Shells? Jul 26, 2021

Unlike many other nuts, pistachios are often sold roasted and seasoned in their shells. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/why-pistachios-are-sold-in-their-shells.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Will Ants Rescue Wounded Comrades? Jul 25, 2021

Spoiler alert: Yep! Well, sometimes. Learn how one African ant species nurses its wounded soldiers, yielding a surprising survival rate, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/ants-rescue-treat-wounded-comrades.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Chinese Five Spice Work? Jul 24, 2021

Chinese 5-spice powder can contain a lot of things (including more than five spices), but it's all rooted in ancient medicine and philosophy. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/chinese-five-spice-powder-tasty-and-not-necessarily-five-spices.htm

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How Far Can a Plane Glide Without Engines? Jul 23, 2021

It's rare that all of a plane's engines fail, but when they do, a pilot can still glide the aircraft to a safe landing. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/how-far-can-plane-go-no-engines.htm

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Why Are We So Obsessed with Owls? Jul 22, 2021

These nocturnal feathered predators have been capturing our imaginations for millennia. Learn about how owls work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/owls.htm

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Why Is There a Semiconductor Shortage? Jul 21, 2021

A shortage of microchips is driving up the cost of everything from consumer electronics to used cars. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/semiconductor-shortage-news.htm

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How Did Earth Gain a New Ocean? Jul 20, 2021

After much debate, the world officially has a fifth ocean: the Southern Ocean, surrounding Antarctica. Learn about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/southern-ocean-news.htm

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How Bad Is America's Infrastructure? Jul 19, 2021

Infrastructure -- all the pipes, roads, rails, and everything else that makes civilization work -- must be maintained and replaced as it ages. Learn how the U.S. ranks in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/americas-infrastructure-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Nuclear Weapons Testing Create New Minerals? Jul 18, 2021

The heat of nuclear weapons is enough to melt sand into glass. Learn the story of trinitite, the glass from the first atomic test site, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/trinitite-first-nuclear-bomb-turned-sand-to-glass.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Talking About Yourself in the Third Person Make You Feel Better? Jul 17, 2021

It turns out that people who talk about themselves in the third person may be giving themselves a mental boost. ("You're nailing this episode description, Lauren!") Learn why in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/benefits-talking-like-egomaniac.htm

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Are Bug Zappers a Bad Idea? Jul 16, 2021

It turns out that bug zappers are too effective -- they kill a lot of helpful insects along with the pests they target. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/bug-zappers-are-bad-news.htm

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Will Sharks Die If They Stop Moving? Jul 15, 2021

It's true that some sharks breathe most easily when they're swimming, but that doesn't mean they can't find ways to rest. Learn about buccal pumping, ram ventilation, and more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/sharks/shark-drown.htm

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How Does Bastille Day Work? Jul 14, 2021

This French national holiday celebrates a lot more than the Storming of the Bastille. Learn about le Quatorze Juillet (July 14th) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-other/bastille-day.htm

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What Animals Are the Deadliest in the Wild? Jul 13, 2021

The animals that kill the most people every year aren't the ones featured in scary movies or sensational documentaries. Learn about the world's most dangerous animals in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/dangerous-animals.htm

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Is Paul Bunyan Based on a Real Person? Jul 12, 2021

Tall tales about the logger Paul Bunyan and his big blue ox, Babe, are American classics. Learn about the real people they're based on and how they got so popular in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/real-paul-bunyan.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Happy Cows Really Make Better Milk? Jul 11, 2021

OK, 'happy' is a stretch, but researchers are looking into how cows given positive interactions (like back scritches) grow and produce milk versus less-content cows. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can Your Birth Season Determine Your Allergies? Jul 10, 2021

The season you were born in helps determine whether you'll have allergies, but science has never understood why. Learn what a team of researchers discovered in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much Money Is There in the World? Jul 09, 2021

With all the different types of currency in the world, it's nigh impossible to count it all -- but there are estimates. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/how-much-money-is-in-the-world.htm

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What's the Difference Between Brown and Black Bears? Jul 08, 2021

Black and brown bears are two different species, and they're easy to tell apart -- from a safe distance, even. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/brown-bear.htm

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How Do Coronavirus Variants Work? Jul 07, 2021

Mutations of the virus that causes COVID-19, called variants, can be even more dangerous than the original. Learn about delta and other SARS-CoV-2 variants in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/infectious/delta-variant-coronavirus-news.htm

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Why Is Pink the World's Oldest Color? Jul 06, 2021

Before the oceans were blue, they were pink. Learn about the cyanobacteria that caused this coloration in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/earths-oldest-color-was-pink.htm

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Is Drought the New Normal for the Western U.S.? Jul 05, 2021

Drought has no singular definition, but it seems that the standard for rainfall is changing in some places. Learn what that means in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/western-us-drought-news.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Shouldn't Compressed Air Canisters Be Shaken? Jul 04, 2021

Many spray canisters call for being shaken, but not compressed air. Learn how both types work (and the dangers of shaking the wrong type) in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't I Taste My Tongue? Jul 03, 2021

Your tongue is an amazing sensory instrument -- so why can't it taste itself? Many philosophers have pondered the same thing. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Gasoline Prices Higher in the Summer? Jul 02, 2021

U.S. drivers pay more at the pump during the summer because of supply and demand, but also because the blends of gasoline sold change with the seasons. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/fuel-consumption/summer-fuel.htm/printable

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How Do Muons Work? Jul 01, 2021

The muon is a type of subatomic particle that researchers are still learning about -- and what they're learning may change our concept of physics as we know it. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/muon.htm

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Why Don't Ground Bees Sting? Jun 30, 2021

Honey bees are the type of bee most of us are familiar with, but most of the world's bees don't live and behave in the same ways. Learn about ground bees in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/ground-nesting-bees.htm

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How Did Fannie Lou Hamer Work? Jun 29, 2021

Fannie Lou Hamer was an iconic Civil Rights and voting rights activist who still inspires us today. Learn about her life and her work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/fannie-lou-hamer.htm

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How Did Pride Parades Get Their Start? Jun 28, 2021

Heat stroke is a serious medical issue, and as temperatures reach record highs this summer, heat safety could save lives. Learn how to keep cool and what to watch for in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/5-tips-for-heat-wave-safety.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Our Tipping System Gratuitous? Jun 27, 2021

The way we tip and pay servers in North American restaurants fosters unfair and unequal paychecks for the whole staff. But it's so entrenched -- how can we fix it? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/when-will-reach-tipping-point-for-tipping.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens to Wine Grape Waste? Jun 26, 2021

After winemakers extract grapes' juice, they're left with a lot of fruit skins and pulp. Learn what happens to all that goo in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/sustainable/what-do-winemakers-do-with-grape-waste.htm

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What Is a Coup D'Etat, and Could It Happen In America? Jun 25, 2021

A number of factors can contribute to a military taking over its government. Learn about them, and why it's unlikely to happen in the U.S., in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/coup.htm

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How Could Lab-Grown Meat Change the Pet Food World? Jun 24, 2021

Our dogs' and cats' diets aren't very environmentally friendly, but lab-grown meat could change that. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/lab-grown-meat-pet-food-world.htm

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What's the Deadliest Spider in the World? Jun 23, 2021

Most spiders are completely harmless to humans, but a few can do damage. Learn which ones are the most potentially dangerous in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/arachnids/deadliest-spider.htm

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Why Did England and Spain Go to War Over an Ear? Jun 22, 2021

In the 1700s, a war was (technically) started over a lost ear. Learn about the War of Jenkins' Ear in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/jenkins-ear.htm

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How Does the Summer Solstice Work? Jun 21, 2021

In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day of daylight in the year happens every June. Learn what causes this and how it works in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/5-things-didnt-know-about-summer-solstice.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Were Fruit Flies the First Animal in Space? Jun 20, 2021

In 1947, U.S. military scientists launched the very first Earth animals into space: fruit flies. Learn about their trip to the final frontier in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-fruit-flies-were-first-animals-in-space.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Juneteenth Get Started? Jun 19, 2021

Juneteenth is a holiday celebrating Black American independence and commemorating the ongoing struggle for equality. Learn the history of Juneteenth in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-civil-war/juneteeth.htm

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Is Vaccine Hesitancy a New Phenomenon? Jun 18, 2021

Vaccine hesitancy has existed for as long as vaccines have. Learn why it's normal and how to help people calm their concerns in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/preventive-care/vaccine-hesitancy-not-new-news.htm

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What Happens to Whales When They Die? Jun 17, 2021

When whales die, they can either wash up on the shore (and explode!) or sink to the bottom of the ocean and feed entire ecosystems. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on these articles: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/beached-whales-explode.htm and https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/whale-death.htm

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Why Does the Monthly Jobs Report Matter? Jun 16, 2021

On the first Friday of every month, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics releases its Employment Situation Summary for the previous month. Learn what the jobs report contains and why it's important in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/monthly-jobs-report-news.htm

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How Do Lyres Work? Jun 15, 2021

These stringed instruments had their heyday thousands of years ago and are still played today. Learn about the history and mythology behind the lyre in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/lyre.htm

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What Was the Tulsa Massacre? Jun 14, 2021

In 1921, white citizens of Tulsa stormed the prosperous Black district of the city, destroying homes and businesses and murdering a number of people still unknown today. Learn what's being done to recover and reintroduce this history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/american-history/tulsa-race-massacre.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is the Human Brain Hardwired for Poetry? Jun 13, 2021

Poems activate different parts of the human brain than other types of literature do, and our brains seem hardwired to enjoy the patterns in poetry. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/how-poetry-affects-human-brain.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Much Electricity Can Urine Provide? Jun 12, 2021

Researchers have created pee-powered fuel cells that can light outdoor portable bathrooms. Learn how (and why) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/public-toilet-electricity-light-urine-chemical-reaction.htm

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How Can You Stop an Opioid Overdose? Jun 11, 2021

Opioid drugs (like fentanyl) can cause death due to overdose -- but there is an antidote to opioid overdose, and it's easy and safe to administer. Learn how naloxone (including brands Narcan and Evzio) works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Plate Tectonics Work? Jun 10, 2021

Plate tectonics are responsible not just for the shape of Earth's continents, but for life as we know it. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/plate-tectonics.htm

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Are Pentagon-Confirmed UFOs a Threat to National Security? Jun 09, 2021

The U.S. military has been collecting reports of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs) for years. Learn what the public knows about them so far in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/space/aliens-ufos/ufos-news.htm

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Why Do Seabirds Eat Plastic? Jun 08, 2021

One of the problems with plastic trash ending up in our oceans is that some seabirds will eat it. But why? Learn what researchers have found in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/theres-a-stinky-reason-seabirds-eat-plastic.htm

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Have the Olympic Games Ever Been Canceled? Jun 07, 2021

The 2020 Olympic games were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but as of yet they haven't been canceled. Learn when the Olympics were canceled in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/olympics-skipped.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are So Many People Nearsighted? Jun 06, 2021

By 2050, half the world will be nearsighted. Researchers tracking this eye condition (also called myopia) have a few hypotheses about why it's happening. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/eye/half-the-world-will-be-nearsighted-2050.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Platypus Milk Fight Antibiotic-Resistant Disease? Jun 05, 2021

For everything that's weird and wondrous about the platypus, we probably shouldn't be surprised that its milk may help save countless lives, but here we are. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/platypus-milk-best-hope-against-post-antibiotic-future.htm

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What Can Modern Hearing Aids Do? Jun 04, 2021

Today's hearing aids incorporate all kinds of smart technology to help the deaf and hard of hearing community. Learn about the tech in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/ear/modern-hearing-aids.htm

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How Does the Westminster Dog Show Work? Jun 03, 2021

The Westminster Dog Show has been educating and enchanting the public for 145 years. Learn how it's going to be different this year in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/westminster-dog-show.htm

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How Did Pride Parades Get Their Start? Jun 02, 2021

The LGBTQ+ Pride parades that happen throughout the U.S. every June are joyful celebrations today, but got their start as riots and protests against persecution. Learn the history of Pride in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/pride-parades.htm

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How Do Macaws Work? Jun 01, 2021

Macaws are beautiful birds that can talk (yes, including bad words) and can make excellent pets for the right person. Learn about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/macaw.htm

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Should You Wear White Clothes to Stay Cool? May 31, 2021

Common sense dictates that since light-colored clothing is more reflective than dark, it'll help keep you cooler in hot weather. Learn why this myth doesn't hold water in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/everyday-myths/light-colored-clothes-in-hot-weather.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can Diabetes Lead to Disordered Eating? May 30, 2021

People with Type 1 diabetes are more likely to experience eating disorders, and the consequences can be serious. Learn why, and what can be done to help, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/diabetes/why-diabulimia-is-so-dangerous.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can a Plant Outsource Photosynthesis? May 29, 2021

Plants use photosynthesis to survive, but some plants outsource that job to other living things, like fungus. Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/underground-plant-outsources-photosynthesis-fungus.htm

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How Do Jackalopes Work? May 28, 2021

Jackalopes are mythical creatures with the body of a jackrabbit and the horns of a deer or pronghorn. Learn how tales about them got started in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/jackalope.htm

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Does Your Diet Really Affect Your Dreams? May 27, 2021

You might blame scary or surreal dreams on your bedtime snacks, but is there any scientific evidence to back that up? Learn about research into diet and dreams in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/pizza-nightmares-diet-determine-dreams.htm

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Why Is There a Chlorine Shortage? May 26, 2021

A perfect storm of events in 2020 led to a chlorine shortage across America that has continued into 2021. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/us-chlorine-shortage-news.htm

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How Did Allosaurus Work? May 25, 2021

This massive Jurassic-era predator may have grazed on flesh the way we pick at cheese plates. Learn about the allosaurus in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/dinosaurs/allosaurus.htm

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Can You Make Weedkillers at Home? May 24, 2021

If you struggle with weeds in your home garden or landscaping, you don't have to turn to hazardous commercial herbicides. Learn how to make safer weedkillers at home in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://home.howstuffworks.com/green-living/natural-weed-killers.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Makes Durian Fruit Smell So Bad? May 23, 2021

Durian fruit is prized as a delicacy and staple -- and it smells like rotting. Learn how researchers mapped its genome to get to the bottom of this stench (and hopefully find something medicinally useful) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/durian-smell-origin-genome.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There a Gene for Infidelity? May 22, 2021

Some animals mate for life -- and others decidedly don't. Learn what researchers have discovered about cheating by studying voles and humans alike in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/good-excuse-or-is-there-actually-cheating-gene.htm

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How Do Humpback Whales Work? May 21, 2021

Humpback whales are back from the brink of extinction thanks to conservation efforts. Learn about their songs, acrobatics, and life cycle in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/humpback-whale.htm

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How Does Hematite Work? May 20, 2021

Hematite is a mineral that we've been using for pigments, as a source of iron, and in other applications for pretty much ever. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/hematite.htm

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Do We Really Swallow Spiders in Our Sleep? May 19, 2021

You may have heard that we swallow eight spiders a year in our sleep, but is that really true? We debunk this myth in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/arachnids/do-we-swallow-spiders-in-sleep.htm

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How Can Cryptocurrency Clean Up Its Act? May 18, 2021

Cryptocurrency has many benefits, but currently comes at a high energy cost -- and a huge, negative environmental impact. Learn what the industry is doing about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/cryptocurrency-climate-change-news.htm

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How Have Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Helped Shape Civil and Workers' Rights? May 17, 2021

Though they were denied the ability to even apply for citizenship for decades, Asians and Pacific Islanders helped shape civil rights and workers' rights in America. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/asian-american-history.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Is New Laser Technology Discovering Ancient Ruins? May 16, 2021

Ancient ruins, long grown over by massive forests, can be found painlessly -- thanks to lasers. Learn how LiDAR is preserving forests and uncovering lost Mayan infrastructure in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/future-tech/scientists-use-lidar-to-discover-massive-lost-mayan-city.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Much Salt Is Too Much? May 15, 2021

You've probably heard you should cut back on salt, but we need it to survive -- we're hardwired to crave it. Learn how to reduce sodium and why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/healthy-eating/salt-breaking-up-is-hard-to-do.htm

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How Did Edgar Allan Poe Work? May 14, 2021

Poe was a writer known for his eerie and mysterious stories, but his own life ended just as strangely. Learn about him in this special episode of BrainStuff, with a reading of his poem 'The Raven' in iHeart 3D, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/edgar-allan-poe.htm

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Will Some Port Cities Start Banning Cruise Ships? May 13, 2021

Tourism has taken a serious hit during COVID-19, but some port cities are glad for the loss of the crowding and pollution that the cruise industry brings. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/cruise-ships-bans.htm

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Was a Whaling Captain Once Buried in Rum? May 12, 2021

The story goes that one Captain Sluman Gray died during a voyage in the 1860s, and was laid to rest in a barrel of rum then shipped back home for burial -- barrel and all. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/ballad-pickled-whaling-captain-from-connecticut.htm

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How Could the World's Whitest Paint Fight Climate Change? May 11, 2021

Researchers are developing a paint that can reflect over 98 percent of sunlight, which could help keep buildings cool during hot summers. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/sustainable/ultra-white-paint.htm

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Can Some Animals Be Half Male and Half Female? May 10, 2021

Rare animals called bilateral gynandromorphs can exhibit male traits on one side of their bodies and female traits on the other. Learn more about chimeras in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/yes-half-male-and-half-female-animals-do-exist.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Botox Come from Bad Sausages? May 09, 2021

Botox wrinkle therapy contains a tiny dose of a deadly bacterial toxin originally found in spoiled sausages. Learn the history of botulinum toxin, plus how it's used in non-cosmetic medicine, in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/digestive/rotten-sausages-botox-botulism.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Prozac Endangering Crabs' Survival? May 08, 2021

When we take medications, we sometimes excrete chemicals that get flushed into our oceans. Learn how fluoxetine (Prozac) is chilling crabs out -- which isn't great -- in this classic BrainStuff episode, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/prozac-water-ocean-crab-behavior.htm

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How Did Early Facial Prostheses Work? May 07, 2021

Before modern surgical techniques and materials, artists sometimes created realistic face masks for veterans and other patients. Learn about the work of Anna Coleman Ladd in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/anna-coleman-ladd-helped-disfigured-soldiers-live-better-lives.htm

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Who Were Oscar, Tony and Emmy? May 06, 2021

The American film, television, and music industries host award galas every year -- but how did these awards get their names? Learn the history in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/oscar-tony-emmy-award-names.htm

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Do the Beale Ciphers Contain Directions to Hidden Treasure? May 05, 2021

In the 1850s, a newspaper published anonymous details about a mysterious set of encoded papers that supposedly point to buried treasure -- but they've never been cracked. Learn about the Beale Ciphers in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/beale-ciphers.htm

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How Does Paprika Work? May 04, 2021

Paprika is a lot more than a just pretty topping. Learn how paprika is made and where it comes from in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/paprika.htm

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Why Do Elephants Seldom Get Cancer? May 03, 2021

Elephants get cancer so rarely that researchers went looking for a genetic reason, and they found one. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/zombie-gene-protects-elephants-from-cancer.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the Difference Between Eggs of Different Colors? May 02, 2021

Chicken eggs come in a spectrum of colors, but they all cook up the same. Learn how they're created in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/animal-facts/white-brown-green-chicken-eggs-whats-difference.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the Most Dangerous Air Pollution? May 01, 2021

The most hazardous air pollution may be particles too tiny to see, but it also may be easily avoided. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/when-it-comes-to-air-pollution-tiniest-particles-might-be-worst.htm

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Do Koalas Smell Like Cough Drops? Apr 30, 2021

Koalas eat nothing but eucalyptus, which is poisonous to many mammals in large amounts. Learn how they do it (and how they smell) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/koala-smell-like-cough-drop.htm

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How Do Astronauts Play Music in Space? Apr 29, 2021

Lots of astronauts have performed music in space, just for fun or for wider audiences. Learn what considerations it takes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/astronauts-play-music-in-space.htm

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Why Do We Talk About the First 100 Days? Apr 28, 2021

Lots of attention is paid to an American president's first 100 days in office, but why? Learn the history (and why we have FDR to thank) in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-do-we-care-the-first-100-days.htm

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How Do Whistled Languages Work? Apr 27, 2021

In some situations, whistling just makes more sense than talking. Learn about whistled languages in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/whistled-languages.htm

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How Does Mesa Verde National Park Work? Apr 26, 2021

Mesa Verde National Park, the only national park devoted primarily to a historic cultural site, is home to dwellings built impressively into steep cliffs. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/mesa-verde-national-park-ga.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What If Cockroaches Went Extinct? Apr 25, 2021

Being surprised by a roach in your kitchen (which is very clean, thank you) can be enough to wish the whole genus would just go away. Learn what the world would be like if it did in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/what-if/what-if-there-were-no-cockroaches.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Losing Sleep Make You Gain Weight? Apr 24, 2021

Research indicates that sleep is one of the many factors in how our bodies create, store, and burn fat. We explore in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/sleep-obesity.htm

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What Is 'Chutzpah'? Apr 23, 2021

The Yiddish word 'chutzpah' has come to mean that someone has a lot of nerve, but in a way you respect. Learn the word's history and usage in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/chutzpah.htm

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Could We Ever Find Noah's Ark? Apr 22, 2021

The hunt for Noah's Ark is ongoing, probably futile, and always intriguing. Learn how researchers have tried to unravel the real history of this biblical myth in today's episode of BrainStuff, based on this episode: https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/hunt-noahs-ark-podcast.htm

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How Does the U.S. Secret Service Work? Apr 21, 2021

The United States Secret Service does a lot more than protect the president and other political bigwigs. Learn about its origins with the Treasury and other work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/secrets-about-secret-service.htm

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What Causes the Smell After a Rain? Apr 20, 2021

Petrichor is the name for that fresh, sweet, earthy smell after it rains. Learn what causes petrichor in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/question479.htm

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How Do Garter Snakes Work? Apr 19, 2021

These small-to-medium snakes are everywhere in North America -- luckily they're mostly harmless, and even good for your garden. Learn more about garter snakes in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/snakes/garter-snakes.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are the Oceans Salty? Apr 18, 2021

Seawater is salty because of several quirks in Earth's water cycle. Learn the reasons why in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/why-is-seawater-salty.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Technology Replace Animal Testing? Apr 17, 2021

Trying potential medical treatments on animals was once the best that science could do, but new technologies could make animal testing obsolete. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/tech-transport/does-technology-make-us-drive-worse.htm

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Why Do Ordinary People Commit Espionage? Apr 16, 2021

It takes a particular kind of person to go from average citizen to amateur spy. Learn what history and psychology have taught us in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-do-ordinary-people-commit-acts-of-espionage.htm

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How Do Emus Work? Apr 15, 2021

These large, leggy birds can run fast and make friends faster. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/emu.htm

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How Can Herd Immunity Help Keep a Population Safe? Apr 14, 2021

Herd immunity can help keep a population healthier, but achieving it can be difficult. Learn about vaccines and vaccination reluctance in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/cellular-microscopic/herd-immunity.htm

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How Did Oregon Enforce a White-Only Population Until 1926? Apr 13, 2021

In the 1850s, Oregon voted to outlaw slavery in their state -- but also to outlaw free Black people from living there. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/racial-history-oregon-was-whites-only-until-1926.htm

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How Is Climate Changing the French Wine Industry? Apr 12, 2021

Climate change is affecting French wine-producing regions -- for the worse and for the better. Learn how grape growers and winemakers may have to adjust in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/climate-change-is-affecting-french-wines-good-bad.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: What Can We Learn from Fish about Walking? Apr 11, 2021

Some fish that strut the seafloor share a common ancestor with humans, so researchers are hoping that studying these fish could help us understand how we walk. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/extinct-animals/ancient-fish-strutted-seafloor-before-land-animals.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Technology Make Us Worse Drivers? Apr 10, 2021

Any high-tech car feature that takes your attention away from the road is a distraction, but are even our automatic safety systems making driving more dangerous? We explore in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/tech-transport/does-technology-make-us-drive-worse.htm

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Did Lucille Ball Use Her Fillings to Spy? Apr 09, 2021

Rumor has it that Lucille Ball once picked up a spy's radio signal with her fillings -- but could it be true? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/lucille-ball-fillings-spy.htm

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How Do Spider Webs Work? Apr 08, 2021

Different kinds of spiders build all sorts of different webs, from beautiful bug-catchers to protective egg sacs to clever trap doors. Learn about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/arachnids/spiders-spin-webs.htm

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Is It Better to Shower in the Morning or Evening? Apr 07, 2021

Showering first thing or last thing in your day is largely a personal preference, but a few factors might sway you one way or the other. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/daily/tips/morning-vs-evening-showers-discuss.htm

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Why Is Coal Ash Such a Problem? Apr 06, 2021

One of the results of burning coal to produce energy is the creation of coal ash, a toxic product that can wreak havoc when it spills into nearby ecosystems. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/deadly-problem-coal-ash.htm

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How Does Budget Reconciliation Work? Apr 05, 2021

Once a year, the U.S. government can use a process called reconciliation to fast-track big budget legislation through Congress. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/reconciliation.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Boogers Form? Apr 04, 2021

Snot is a crucial part of our immune system, and boogers are a byproduct of that system. Learn how they form (plus, why eating them might be advantageous) in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nose-throat/boogers-form-in-nose.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Some Sea Turtles Hatching Almost All Female? Apr 03, 2021

A sea turtle's sex is determined by the temperature where it hatches, and the Great Barrier Reef is warmer than ever before. Learn what this could mean in today's classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/sea-turtles-great-barrier-reef-turning-99-percent-female.htm

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Why Do Most People Have 46 Chromosomes? Apr 02, 2021

Chromosomes contain the DNA that codes our very existence, and most people have 23 pairs. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/23-pairs-chromosomes.htm

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What Was the Great Moon Hoax of 1835? Apr 01, 2021

In the early 1800s, a set of newspaper articles had people across America believing a civilization had been found on the moon. Learn how it happened in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/ridiculous-history-the-great-moon-hoax-1835.htm

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How Do Capybaras Work? Mar 31, 2021

This characteristically chill, friendly animal is the largest rodent in the world. Learn more about the capybara in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/capybara.htm

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How Does Tabasco Sauce Work? Mar 30, 2021

Tabasco brand hot sauce is the most popular in the U.S., and it's been made pretty much the same way for 150 years. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tabasco-sauce-red-stick.htm

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How Did Jean Macnamara Help Vanquish Polio? Mar 29, 2021

In the early 1900s, Australian doctor Jean Macnamara helped the world learn how polio works -- and helped patients rehabilitate. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/-jean-macnamara.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There a Better Alternative to Cash Bail? Mar 28, 2021

Cash bail punishes the poor by setting a high price on freedom -- literally. But are there any better alternatives? We explore in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://money.howstuffworks.com/cash-bail-punishes-poor-but-whats-alternative.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Where Did Middle Names Come From? Mar 27, 2021

Having a first, middle, and last name is common in the West, but this wasn't always the case. Learn the history of middle names in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-do-have-middle-names.htm

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When Was a Battle Fought Over Eggs? Mar 26, 2021

During the Gold Rush, San Francisco's food supply chains couldn't keep up -- and enterprising hunters turned to the eggs of a seabird called the common murre. Learn about the resulting Egg War in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/history-1850s-farallones-san-francisco-egg-war.htm

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How Did Anna May Wong Fight Racism On- and Off-Screen? Mar 25, 2021

Anna May Wong was one of the film industry's first Chinese-American actresses, but her success was hard-won. Learn about Wong's life and work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/anna-may-wong.htm

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Why Do 17-Year Cicadas Appear Almost Every Year? Mar 24, 2021

Some groups of cicadas spend 13 or even 17 years underground in between massive, noisy emergences. Learn about their life cycle and how cicada broods work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/insects/why-17-year-cicadas-come-more-than-17-years.htm/printable

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Why Was 1816 the Year With No Summer? Mar 23, 2021

In 1815, a massive volcanic eruption kicked off three years of climate chaos across the Northern hemisphere. Learn about some of the surprising effects in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/atmospheric/200-years-ago-we-had-a-year-a-summer.htm

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What Is the World's Oldest Book? Mar 22, 2021

Books are both fragile physical objects and conceptual works as eternal as storytelling itself. Learn about the quest to find the oldest book in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/oldest-book-in-the-world.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Cuttlefish Camouflage Work? Mar 21, 2021

Researchers have found that cuttlefish's ability to change their color and texture at will is incredibly energy efficient. Learn why -- and how technology might copy this ability -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/cuttlefish-masters-camouflage-have-newly-discovered-super-power.htm

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Stars and Planets Nearly Spherical? Mar 20, 2021

Planets and stars are basically spheres, but why? We explore the science in this classic episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/why-are-planets-almost-spherical.htm

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How Do Belly Buttons Work? Mar 19, 2021

We're not just navel gazing -- belly buttons are seriously fascinating. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/parts/5-things-didnt-know-about-belly-button.htm

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The Firm vs. the Family: How Does the British Monarchy Work? Mar 18, 2021

The British monarchy is both a family and a sweeping institution with economic and political ties. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/genealogy/firm-vs-royal-family.htm

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How Has COVID-19 Changed How We Mourn? Mar 17, 2021

Not being able to conduct the normal rituals of grieving during the COVID-19 pandemic is changing the way our society considers grief altogether. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/covid-19-mourn.htm

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What Reptiles Are Most Endangered? Mar 16, 2021

Cute, fuzzy mammals often get all the attention (and funding) when they land on endangered species lists, but now reptiles are getting an equal spotlight. Learn about the effort to identify and preserve these animals in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Ada Lovelace, the Enchantress of Numbers? Mar 15, 2021

Ada Lovelace was the world's first computer programmer. Learn about her life and work with Charles Babbage on an analytical engine in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Female Praying Mantises Really Decapitate Mates? Mar 14, 2021

The female praying mantis: maneater or misaligned? Learn the science behind this popular semi-myth in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Humans Control Volcanic Eruptions? Mar 13, 2021

Spoiler alert: Not yet. But researchers are working on it. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Invented Macaroni and Cheese? Mar 12, 2021

People like pasta and people like cheese, so is there a single origin story for mac and cheese? Learn how this dish was developed in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We Tell Whether a Dinosaur Was Male or Female? Mar 11, 2021

We can learn a lot from dinosaur fossils, but the sex of the animal in question is frequently a mystery. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine Work? Mar 10, 2021

The Johnson & Johnson vaccine for COVID-19 is a one-dose viral vector vaccine that's about as effective as the mRNA vaccines available. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did Germany Have to Sacrifice Sausages to Fly Zeppelins? Mar 09, 2021

During World War I, German forces flew menacing zeppelin airships into war zones -- but they had to give up a lot of sausages to do it. Learn why zeppelins and sausage were both made with cow intestines in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Sacagawea? Mar 08, 2021

At the age of 17 and toting her infant son, Sacagawea was instrumental to the success of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the early 1800s. Learn more about her life in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Hot Yoga Need to Be So Hot? Mar 07, 2021

Do students of hot yoga, who practice at 105 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), reap more health benefits than room-temperature practitioners? Learn what the research says in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Humans Dream? Mar 06, 2021

The human brain is full of mysteries, and why we dream is a big one. Learn the leading theories about why we dream in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Badgers Work? Mar 05, 2021

The term 'badger' refers to a number of animals in the weasel family with some amazing skills. Learn more about badgers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Women Really Burn Their Bras During Protests? Mar 04, 2021

If you picture a demonstration for the Women's Liberation movement of the 1960s and '70s, do you picture protestors burning their bras? Learn how this myth got started in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens When Plants Bloom Early? Mar 03, 2021

Warm winters and early springs can lead to trees and other flowering plants blooming earlier than expected. Learn why a subsequent frost is the real danger, and how to protect against it, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Breadfruit Work? Mar 02, 2021

Breadfruit is a starchy staple food in tropical areas where it grows, delicious in both savory and sweet dishes. Learn more about breadfruit in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Does It Take to Freeze a Waterfall? Mar 01, 2021

Even large waterfalls like Niagara can appear to ice over, but it takes prolonged, extremely cold weather to actually freeze a falls. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Autonomous Vehicles Break the Speed Limit? Feb 28, 2021

In the incredible future, robots may be able to drive your car -- but will they be able to speed? Today's self-driving cars can. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Could an Ice Cream Not Melt? Feb 27, 2021

Researchers and chefs in Japan have invented an ice cream that doesn't melt on sunny days -- and it's all thanks to deformed strawberries. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Accurate Is 'Bridgerton'? Feb 26, 2021

The Netflix series 'Bridgerton' portrays life and love in Regency England. Learn what it got right about the era and what it took liberties with in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What If the Earth Stopped Spinning? Feb 25, 2021

Our planet would be a very different place if it didn't rotate. Learn why the Earth spins -- and what it might look like if it slowly stopped -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Wilhelm Scream? Feb 24, 2021

Movies and other media often use stock sound effects to avoid the cost of recording new ones, but a particular scream has become a Hollywood in-joke. Learn where the Wilhelm scream comes from in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Smart Are Dolphins? Feb 23, 2021

Dolphins are incredibly intelligent -- in some ways, they can mentally outperform chimpanzees. Learn about some of their amazing capabilities in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Songs Get Stuck in Your Head? Feb 22, 2021

Ever had a song or commercial jingle on repeat in your head for days? Learn how earworms work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Human Waste Feed Astronauts? Feb 21, 2021

It sounds gross, but stick with us: Researchers are working on recycling astronauts' waste into food for edible stuff. Learn how (and why) in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Magic Mushrooms Help Stop Depression? Feb 20, 2021

Although psychedelic drugs are largely recreational these days, scientists are looking into potential therapeutic uses -- especially in patients for whom nothing else works. Learn how psilocybin may fight depression in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Can a Dripping Faucet Really Prevent Pipe Damage? Feb 19, 2021

Yes, keeping a faucet dripping can help prevent pipes from bursting during freezing weather. Learn why -- and how to best accomplish this -- in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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When Can You Claim Defamation? Feb 18, 2021

When something you write or say causes harm to someone else, that's defamation -- maybe. Learn about the legal considerations and qualifications involved in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Pit Vipers 'See' Heat? Feb 17, 2021

Pit vipers are a category of snakes that have specialized organs that can sense infrared radiation (heat!) from nearby animals. Learn more about these fascinating snakes in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Does the Vice President Live? Feb 16, 2021

The White House famously houses the U.S. president, but the VP has a historical place to call home, too. Learn about Number One Observatory Drive in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will a Second Bump to the Head Really Cure Amnesia? Feb 15, 2021

Spoiler alert: Nope. Learn where the pervasive myth about a blow to the skull causing and curing amnesia came from in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can You Be Addicted to Love? Feb 14, 2021

Feelings of euphoria leading to obsessive behavior and potentially life-ruining decisions: Love can be as powerful as any drug. Learn how love affects the brain in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Did Velociraptors Really Hunt in Packs? Feb 13, 2021

Did real-life raptors work together they way they do in 'Jurassic Park' movies? Do we even have the right raptors? Learn the leading theories in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Should We All Be Wearing Two Face Masks? Feb 12, 2021

There's now scientific proof that one good mask will help stop us from spreading and catching COVID-19. Two masks might be even better, but only if worn correctly. Learn more about mask-wearing and the coronavirus in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Closure Really Exist? Feb 11, 2021

In pop psychology, people often talk about wanting closure to a relationship that's ended -- but psychologists say closure doesn't (and shouldn't!) exist. Learn why, plus what's recommended instead, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Dukes, Earls, and Other British Peers? Feb 10, 2021

The British peerage system gives formal ranks to people through one of five titles: duke, marquess, earl, viscount, or baron. Learn about the differences and how these ranks are granted in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Axolotls Work? Feb 09, 2021

These amphibians spend their entire lives in the water and can regrow any part of their body. Learn more about the axolotl in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Were the Black Loyalists of the American Revolution? Feb 08, 2021

When American colonists rebelled against the British Empire, the British encouraged enslaved people to rise up and fight for the crown. Learn about the Black Loyalists in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are We in an Insect Armageddon? Feb 07, 2021

A study found that bug biomass has been steadily -- and in some places, dramatically -- decreasing. Learn what may be to blame and what this could this mean for the future in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can People Be Allergic to Water? Feb 06, 2021

OK, it's not technically an allergy, but yes: People can have extreme skin reactions to water. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Xanthan Gum Work? Feb 05, 2021

This substance helps provide thick, smooth textures in homemade foods and industrial products alike. Learn about how xanthan gum is used and how it's made in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Were Neanderthals Smarter Than We Think? Feb 04, 2021

Neanderthals have been portrayed as much less intelligent than humans, but they developed technologies and cultural practices similar to ours -- and sometimes much earlier. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Roadrunners Work? Feb 03, 2021

These birds are the subject of a lot of myths, ancient and modern. Learn what roadrunners are really like in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Human-Skin Shoes Feature in a Politician's Wardrobe? Feb 02, 2021

In the late 1800s, a doctor who autopsied a criminal had the man's skin made into human leather. Learn the macabre story in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Unrelated Species Develop Similar Traits? Feb 01, 2021

Some traits and abilities -- like flight, for example -- are so useful that completely different species evolved them independently over time. Learn about convergent evolution (and divergent evolution) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What on Earth Are Skyquakes? Jan 31, 2021

There are plenty of potential reasons for a boom to rumble through the air, but skyquakes don't seem to be attached to any of the usual suspects. Learn more about these mysterious phenomena on BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do We Find Planets That Might Harbor Life? Jan 30, 2021

Ross 128 b is an Earth-sized planet only 11 light years away that might have the right conditions to sustain life as we know it. Learn how scientists are studying it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Often Should You Wash Your Pillow? Jan 29, 2021

The pillows we sleep on can collect grime aplenty, but they can't all be washed the same way. Learn what the experts recommend in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Burrata and Mozzarella? Jan 28, 2021

These two cheeses look similar on the outside, but it's what inside that counts. Learn about the differences between buratta and mozzarella, and how to use them, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We See Faces in Inanimate Objects? Jan 27, 2021

If you've ever seen a face in a cloud or thought your electrical outlet was looking at you funny, you've experienced pareidolia. But why does this happen so often? Learn more about how the eyes and brain work together in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did 'The Green Book' Work? Jan 26, 2021

For decades, 'The Green Book' was a lifeline connecting Black travelers in the U.S. with businesses that were happy to serve them. Learn how it got started in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Astronauts Shower in Space? Jan 25, 2021

The two things that make showers on Earth delightful are hot water and gravity, but in space, both are in limited supply. Learn how astronauts have made do over the years in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Should You Give Cats Milk? Jan 24, 2021

Pop culture often shows cats happily sipping saucers of milk, but giving a cat milk isn't actually the best treat for it -- or you. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did a Parisian Lemonade Craze Fight the Plague? Jan 23, 2021

While the black plague ravaged the rest of France, Paris remained relatively untouched -- and they may have had their fondness for lemonade to thank. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Presidential Pardons Work? Jan 22, 2021

U.S. presidents have the power to pardon anyone from punishment surrounding a federal crime, no questions asked. Learn how this clemency works in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Astronomy Events Are Happening in 2021? Jan 21, 2021

Whatever else happens, 2021 is going to be a year with some amazing astronomical events. Learn when they're happening and how to watch them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Have Inaugurations Always Involved Celebrities? Jan 20, 2021

There have always been parties surrounding U.S. presidential inaugurations, but the events themselves didn't become star-studded until fairly recently. Learn about the history of performances surrounding inaugurations in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Nasal Breathing Help Keep You Healthier? Jan 19, 2021

Breathing through your nose instead of your mouth can help your heart, immune system, and even your anxiety levels. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Martin Luther King Influence 'Star Trek'? Jan 18, 2021

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy is profound -- his activism changed the course of history. Including, oddly enough, 'Star Trek'. Learn how he inspired Nichelle Nichols, the actress who played Uhura, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Vegetarians' Farts Smell Worse? Jan 17, 2021

Not all flatulence is created equal -- your diet has a huge impact on the gas you pass. So whose farts are smellier: vegetarians or omnivores? Learn the answer in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Astronauts React to Lunar Landing Conspiracy Theories? Jan 16, 2021

Fringe theorists sometimes question whether the 1969 moon landing actually happened. In this classic episode of BrainStuff, we explore how astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin have reacted when asked whether it's all a conspiracy.

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How Might Universal Basic Income Work? Jan 15, 2021

Universal basic income is a form of monthly payments to citizens from their government with the idea that financial security makes people (and maybe even economies) healthier. Learn more about UBI and guaranteed income in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Dry January Lead to Binging in February? Jan 14, 2021

After abstaining from alcohol in January, research shows that drinkers consume less in the following months, too. Learn more about Dry January in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Populism? Jan 13, 2021

Populist leaders have been coming into power all over the world over the past few years. Learn what populism is -- and why it concerns political scientists -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Worcestershire Sauce? Jan 12, 2021

This savory sauce with a difficult name dates back to the early 1800s. Learn about its history and ingredients in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was the First Person in Space? Jan 11, 2021

Yuri Gagarin was the Soviet cosmonaut who braved the first flight into space in 1961. Learn about his life (and tragic early death) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Animal Has the Best Echolocation Abilities? Jan 10, 2021

Bats, dolphins, and other animals all use sonar to navigate, but the narwhal has them all beat, and it's thanks to narwhals' distinctive horns. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is the 25th Amendment? Jan 09, 2021

People are again asking whether the 25th Amendment might be enacted to remove the current president. But what does this Amendment say, and what can it really do? Learn about it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Damascus Steel Work? Jan 08, 2021

If you've seen rippling patterns in the blades of knives or swords, that's Damascus steel. Learn its history and how it's made today in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Penguins Work? Jan 07, 2021

Flightless birds that live in brutal Antarctic temperatures and partner up for life -- penguins are cool (pun absolutely intended). Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Did the Arecibo Radio Telescope Help Us Learn? Jan 06, 2021

For decades, the Arecibo Radio Telescope has let us investigate parts of our universe near and far. Learn its history -- and why it had to be shut down -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do 'I Voted' Stickers Do Anything? Jan 05, 2021

Many local governments pass out stickers to the voters who cast a ballot on election day. It might seem silly, but those stickers have a real effect. Learn about the psychology behind 'I Voted!' stickers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Would the Creator of Graham Crackers Be Horrified by Them Today? Jan 04, 2021

Graham crackers are a sweetened, mass-produced baked good today, but they started out as a homemade, ascetic-diet food. Learn about Sylvester Graham and the history of his crackers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Some Fabrics Make Body Odor Worse? Jan 03, 2021

Body odor happens when bacteria thrive in our sweat, so the ways your clothes deal with sweat can make a difference. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Green Is Your Favorite Superhero? Jan 02, 2021

To draw attention to the average citizen's carbon footprint, a team of researchers calculated the eco-rating of a number of superheroes. Learn how they rank in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did a South Carolina Monkey Farm Help Defeat Polio? Jan 01, 2021

A farm in South Carolina ensured the health and welfare of the monkeys that were instrumental in the development of polio vaccines. Learn the history of Okatie Farms in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Does 'Auld Lang Syne' Mean? Dec 31, 2020

Auld Lang Syne' is the most popular New Year's Eve song in the English-speaking world, but not all of its lyrics (including that title) are in English. Learn about the history and meaning of this song in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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One of Our Favorite Podcasts of 2020 - The Ten News Dec 30, 2020

🤔 Is Dr. Anthony Fauci a cat or a dog person? 📰 What’s happening with the Covid vaccine? 👨‍⚕️ When will kids be able to get the vaccine? 🧪 And when does the nation’s top infectious disease expert, Anthony Fauci, think it might be ok to have sleepovers again? Plus, see if you can guess the answer to the Trivia Question of the Day: Way before he became a leading infectious disease expert, Dr. Fauci was a leader in school. Which teams was he captain of in high school?

👨‍⚕️ Uncover everything there is to know about Dr. Anthony Fauci!

🤔 Learn the best ways to protect yourself & others from COVID-19

👩🏾‍🔬 Brush up on your knowledge of the coronavirus and watch this informative video to learn more

✏️Get some helpful tips on how to talk about Covid with your kids

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How Do Lionfish Work? Dec 30, 2020

The lionfish is beautiful, fascinating, invasive, and venomous. Learn more about lionfish in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Snow White? Dec 29, 2020

Snow is made up of ice crystals, which are mostly clear -- so why does snow appear white? Learn how particle physics gives us those dazzling white snow drifts in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Kwanzaa Work? Dec 28, 2020

Kwanzaa is a relatively new holiday celebrating Pan-African culture, and the unity, creativity, and determination of its peoples. Learn the basics about Kwanzaa in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Resolutions So Easy to Break? Dec 27, 2020

Most of us break our New Years resolutions — and researchers have found a few reasons why. Learn how to build a better resolution in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Tech Will Replace the Smartphone? Dec 26, 2020

Although it's an integral part of many people's lives today, the smartphone is bound to be replaced by the next big thing. We explore what (and when) that might be in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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When Did Christmas Become an American Holiday? Dec 25, 2020

When the Puritans began colonizing North America, they did not bring Christmas traditions with them. Learn why celebrating was not widespread and sometimes even illegal in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Santa's Sleigh Work? Dec 24, 2020

Santa Claus is known for getting gifts to every child in the world on Christmas Eve, but how could such a quick, efficient sleigh work? With all due respect to the reindeer, we propose an antimatter engine in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is There a Pooping Figure in Catalonian Nativity Sets? Dec 23, 2020

In a traditional Nativity scene in Catalonia, you're likely to find a figure of 'el caganer' -- a person squatting with a pile of poop. Learn how this sometimes cheeky tradition may have gotten started in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Obelisks Work? Dec 22, 2020

In many cities, the most ancient monuments are obelisks taken from Egypt. Learn more about why and how these architectural masterpieces were constructed (and moved) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the Biggest Nuclear Weapon Ever Built? Dec 21, 2020

The Soviet Union's Tsar Bomba, tested in 1961, was thousands of times more powerful than even the large nuclear weapons of its time. Learn more about this bomb and why such large designs were abandoned in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Was the Christmas Truce? Dec 20, 2020

During one Christmas in WWI, enemy soldiers called an unofficial ceasefire and even shared holiday treats with each other. Learn the story behind this small miracle from the Great War in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Bats Jam Each Other's Sonar? Dec 19, 2020

Bats use sonar to find food in the dark -- but they've got a lot of competition from other bats. Learn about echolocation and how bats go on the offensive in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Great Conjunction? Dec 18, 2020

Once every 20 years, Saturn and Jupiter appear very close together in the sky from Earth's point of view, but this year they're closer than they've been in 800 years. Learn more about this astonomical event in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Manischewitz Become the Biggest Name in Kosher Wine? Dec 17, 2020

The Manischewitz Company produces all kinds of kosher foods, but is most famous for its sweet, inexpensive wines. Learn how the company got started in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Galileo Become the First Superstar Scientist? Dec 16, 2020

Galileo Galilei is famous today for defying the Catholic Church in the 1600s with his (correct) astronomical hypotheses. Learn more about his work and how he became famous in his own time in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Larynx Work? Dec 15, 2020

The larynx contains the voice box or vocal cords, and it's one of the organs that helps humans speak. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff

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What Are Wine Diamonds? Dec 14, 2020

If you've ever seen crystals at the bottom of a wine bottle, glass, or cork, don't worry -- they're considered a sign of quality. Learn what so-called wine diamonds are and how they form in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Did the Genes for Light Skin Colors Evolve in Europe? Dec 13, 2020

A widescale genetic survey has shown that despite common misconceptions, race really is only skin deep. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Can a Cache of Pterosaur Eggs Teach Us? Dec 12, 2020

A huge cache of ancient pterosaur eggs has been unearthed in China. Learn what this find can tell us about these flying contemporaries of dinosaurs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Truman Doctrine Change U.S. Foreign Policy? Dec 11, 2020

After World War II, what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine pulled the U.S. out of its previously isolationist stance and into global relationships that endure today. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Deadly Are Black Widow Spiders? Dec 10, 2020

The venom of black widow spiders can indeed be deadly, but they almost always avoid attacking -- and they don't often eat each other, either. Learn more about these arachnids in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Lazy Susan Get Its Name? Dec 09, 2020

This simple spinning device helps keep object at hand on tabletops and in tight cabinets -- but why is it called a lazy susan? Learn a few of the hypotheses in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Immigrant Paradox? Dec 08, 2020

Immigrants to the United States tend to have better physical and mental health outcomes than people who were born here. Learn about assimilation, acculturation, and collectivism in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Pimento Cheese Work? Dec 07, 2020

This cheese-and-sweet-pepper spread is a Southern staple, but it was actually developed in New York. Learn about the history and popularity of pimento cheese in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Could Some Microbes Live on Air Alone? Dec 06, 2020

Researchers have found Antarctic microbes that appear to get all the nutrients they need from thin air. Could this change our search for extraterrestrial life?

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Teens Cyberbullying Themselves? Dec 05, 2020

A new study indicates that some teens bully themselves online, posting hateful messages from fake or anonymous accounts. Researchers are looking into why, and how to help.

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How Could COVID-19 Vaccines Change the World? Dec 04, 2020

Obviously, vaccines for the coronavirus that's causing this pandemic would help life get back to normal -- but their development is also set to improve the way we make all vaccines. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Kangaroos Hop? Dec 03, 2020

Kangaroos put an enormous amount of power into every hop -- and conserve energy in the process. Learn how they do it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the McRib Made Of? Dec 02, 2020

McDonald's McRib sandwich has a cult following -- but what's it actually made of? Learn about the history and composition of the McRib in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is It So Hard to Remember What Day It Is? Dec 01, 2020

If you get the days of the week mixed up, you're not alone. Learn about the psychology of Tuesday in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the White Stuff in Soil Mixes? Nov 30, 2020

Potting soil often contains perlite, which is a type of volcanic rock that helps keep soil light and airy. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Could You Outrun a Volcano? Nov 29, 2020

Outrunning a volcanic eruption, like many things that look easy in movies or sound simple in theory, is more complicated in reality. Learn why you shouldn't attempt this feat in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Long Have We Been Keeping Dogs on Leashes? Nov 28, 2020

A new(ish) find of very old artwork depicts dogs wearing leashes. Learn more about our history with man’s best friend in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Did the Native American Great Law of Peace Inspire the U.S. Constitution? Nov 27, 2020

The writers of the U.S. Constitution were, in part, influenced by the confederation of Native American nations called the Haudenosaunee (or the Iroquois). Learn about the Haudenosaunee Great Law in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Did Pumpkin Pie Come From? Nov 26, 2020

Sure it's tasty, but how exactly did spiced squash in a pie crust become part of American holiday celebrations? Learn about the history of pumpkin pie in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Really in the Flu Vaccine? Nov 25, 2020

There are lots of rumors about potentially harmful ingredients in vaccines, but once you understand what those ingredients are and how little are used in vaccines, it's easy to see why vaccines are safe. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Maillard Reaction Make Food Tastier? Nov 24, 2020

The Maillard reaction gives foods from toast to coffee to seared steak some of their flavors. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who's the Only Woman to Receive a Medal of Honor? Nov 23, 2020

After the Civil War, surgeon Mary Edwards Walker was awarded the Medal of Honor for her service. Learn her story in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There Another Reason You Shouldn't Eat Raw Cookie Dough? Nov 22, 2020

Research has revealed another danger lurking in uncooked dough: Tenacious E. coli can survive in dry flour. Learn how scientists figured it out in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Find Symmetry So Pleasing? Nov 21, 2020

What is it about the arrangement of petals on a flower or a perfectly symmetrical display of soup cans that catches our eye? Learn how our brains seem wired for it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Has 'A Wrinkle in Time' Inspired Real Scientists? Nov 20, 2020

The story 'A Wrinkle in Time' by Madeline L'Engle has been inspiring young scientists for generations. We spoke with three for this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is It So Difficult to Overturn a Guilty Verdict? Nov 19, 2020

Sometimes innocent people wind up in prison, and even if genetic evidence comes to light, it can still take years (and a lot of money) to secure their freedom. Learn how the Innocence Project helps in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should We All Be in the Same Time Zone? Nov 18, 2020

Time zones sometimes seem to cause more confusion than they fix. Learn how they came about -- and why some researchers want to get rid of them -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Would We Need Artificial Gravity in Space? Nov 17, 2020

Long-term space missions would need to figure out a way to create artificial gravity for their astronauts. Learn why -- and how it may be possible -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are the Differences Between COVID-19 and the Flu? Nov 16, 2020

Symptoms of influenza and the novel coronavirus are fairly similar, but there are a few key differences you should look for -- and each should be treated a little differently. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There a Real Witches' Curse in 'Macbeth'? Nov 15, 2020

You may have heard that Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth" is cursed. Learn how this superstition came about in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't Some People Sleep Without a Fan? Nov 14, 2020

Some people find it impossible to sleep without background noise, like a fan whirring. Researchers have identified the possible culprit. Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did Bootleggers Once Smuggle Margarine? Nov 13, 2020

Due in large part to pressure from the diary industry, margarine was once outlawed in Canada and parts of the United States. Learn more about the Oleo Wars in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the World's Longest-Living Vertebrate? Nov 12, 2020

Spoiler alert: There are Greenland sharks alive today that were likely born in the 1600s. Learn more about these fascinating sharks in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Nitrogen Cycle Work? Nov 11, 2020

Living things need nitrogen in order for our cells to function, and there's plenty in the air, but it's impossible for most of us to access. Learn how the nitrogen cycle brings it to us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Big Was Giganatosaurus? Nov 10, 2020

Giganatosaurus is one of the largest carnivorous dinosaurs that ever lived, rivaling the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex. Learn more about these dinos in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Gold and Pyrite? Nov 09, 2020

Pyrite is often called fool's gold, but it's easy to tell the two apart if you know what to look for. Learn more about these two minerals in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do We Need to Redefine the Four Seasons? Nov 08, 2020

As climate change affects the planet's weather patterns, some parts of the world will see the seasons bleed together. Tune in to learn how we define the seasons now, and how some researchers think that should change.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Other Animals Superstitious? Nov 07, 2020

Humans have all kinds of superstitious beliefs -- so are other animals superstitious, too? Learn more about superstition works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Is 1968's Poor People's Campaign Reviving Today? Nov 06, 2020

In the 1960s, civil rights leaders organized the Poor People's Campaign to bring awareness and change to economic injustices in the United States. Learn how it began and how it's being revived today in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Cats and Dogs Perceive Time? Nov 05, 2020

Cats and dogs know their humans' schedules, but do they really have a sense of time similar to ours? Learn about how non-human animals perceive time in this episode of BrainStuff.

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When Is Paranoia Normal, and When Is It a Problem? Nov 04, 2020

Many people experience paranoid feelings sometimes, but more rarely, those feelings can seem to take over a person's life. Learn about what paranoia is and how it's treated in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does the U.S. Hold Elections on Tuesdays? Nov 03, 2020

The United States holds elections the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November because that was deemed most convenient for the citizen farmers of the 1800s, when election dates were written into law. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Will the PROTEUS Underwater Station Work? Nov 02, 2020

Fabien Cousteau, one of Jacques Cousteau's grandsons and himself an aquanaut, is helping plan the largest, most advanced underwater research station yet. Learn how the PROTEUS station will work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Was George Washington Almost King of the United States? Nov 01, 2020

Did the generals of the Revolutionary War really try to hand George Washington a monarchy? Learn the truth behind this slightly tall tale in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Carve Pumpkins Around Halloween? Oct 31, 2020

The tradition of carving jack-o'-lanterns around Halloween goes back centuries to a folktale about a stingy man who outwits the devil. Learn the tale (and why pumpkins weren't the original carving vegetables) in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Samhain Work? Oct 30, 2020

Samhain is a pagan holiday celebrated between the fall equinox and winter solstice that helped form modern, secular Halloween celebrations. Learn about Samhain in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do You Sense Your Own Body -- And How Can That Go Wrong? Oct 29, 2020

There's a sixth sense that we're not often aware of -- the sense of controlling and owning our own bodies. Learn how proprioception works -- and what happens to people when it doesn't work -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Pressed Records onto Human X-Ray Vinyl? Oct 28, 2020

The USSR banned lots of music after WWII, but young Soviet culture hounds called stilyagi bootlegged black market records onto discarded X-ray sheets. Learn about these bone records in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Real Legend About Nosferatu? Oct 27, 2020

There are vampire legends all over the world, but 'nosferatu' isn't a word from any of them. Learn where Bram Stoker may have gotten it, and how 'Dracula' popularized it, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Was Speed Surgery a Thing, and How Fast Could It Get? Oct 26, 2020

Before modern anesthesiology, sterilization, and other medical technology, the quicker a surgery was the better your odds for survival. Learn about Robert Liston, an infamously fast surgeon, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Salt Prevent Food Spoilage? Oct 25, 2020

Salt has kept entire civilizations alive thanks to its abilities to preserve food and protect it from harmful germs. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There a Better Alternative to Cash Bail? Oct 24, 2020

Cash bail punishes the poor by setting a high price on freedom -- literally. But are there any better alternatives that won't break local governments' budgets? We explore in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Hand Sanitizer Help Preserve Insects for Science? Oct 23, 2020

Hand sanitizer is a good alternative to hand washing when running water isn't available, but as it turns out, it's also great at preserving the DNA in insect samples. Learn how this may help citizen science in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can We Detect Tornadoes Earlier? Oct 22, 2020

We often receive very little warning about impending tornadoes, making these storms all the more dangerous. Learn how researchers are figuring out how to use infrasound to detect tornadoes long before they form in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Some of Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Harshest Dissents? Oct 21, 2020

During her time as a Supreme Court Justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg didn't always agree with the majority opinion of the Court. Learn about a few of her dissents in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Sea Snakes Work? Oct 20, 2020

The most venomous snakes in the world live in the oceans, but they still breathe air, drink fresh water, and some can even crawl on land. Learn about sea snakes in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the Nebra Sky Disk the Oldest Star Chart? Oct 19, 2020

A bronze disk found near Nebra, Germany may be the oldest know scientific depiction of the night sky -- or it may be a thousand years younger than that. Learn the story of this mysterious disk in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is (and Isn't) Terrorism? Oct 18, 2020

When is -- and isn't -- a crime considered terrorism? The legal, political and moral definitions are often at odds. We explore why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Leaf Blowers So Annoying? Oct 17, 2020

If the sound of leaf blowers makes you angry, you're not alone -- and there's science behind why. Learn about it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Cats Actually Good at Catching Rats? Oct 16, 2020

There's an assumption that cats can help control pesky rodent populations, but it turns out that they're pretty bad at catching rats. Learn why, and why cats can make a rat infestation appear lesser, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Anhedonia Work? Oct 15, 2020

Anhedonia is a disorder in which a person doesn't experience pleasure from usually pleasurable things, like music or friendship or the sense of taste. Learn what researchers know (and don't know) about anhedonia in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Has Knitting Been Used for Subterfuge? Oct 14, 2020

During the two World Wars, knitting became an important way to encode and send messages in secret. Learn about the history of wartime knitting in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can the Dutch Reach Save Cyclists' Lives? Oct 13, 2020

When cyclists collide with a carelessly opened car door, the results can be deadly. Learn how the simple Dutch Reach can save lives in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Foods Should Be Kept Out of the Fridge? Oct 12, 2020

The refrigerator is perfect for keeping some foods fresh and tasty -- but it'll do other foods more harm than good. Learn what foods are best kept out of the fridge in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Glow Stick Work? Oct 11, 2020

Glow sticks use a chemical reaction to create that soft, colorful glow. Learn how it works -- and how to make your glow sticks last longer -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can a Black Hole Help Prove General Relativity? Oct 10, 2020

Astronomers detected hints of Einstein's theory of general relativity in the Milky Way's supermassive black hole. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Mortgage Forbearance Work? Oct 09, 2020

Mortgage forbearance can help keep a homeowner in their home, but it's not a permanent free pass on mortgage payments. Learn why it's good for both borrowers and banks -- and how to get one if you need it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Betelgeuse About to Go Supernova? Oct 08, 2020

Betelguese is one of the brightest stars in the night sky, but in 2019 it dimmed -- a lot. Learn what researchers think caused this and what it could mean in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Hispanic, Latino, and Latinx? Oct 07, 2020

The official U.S. government definitions of 'Hispanic' and 'Latino' differ from how people often refer to themselves in real life -- and new terms like 'Latinx' are gaining popularity, too. Learn what these terms mean and how language is evolving in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does the Community of Lily Dale Reconnect the Living and the Dead? Oct 06, 2020

Spiritualism is a 19th-century belief system that holds that the living can communicate with spirits of the dead through mediums. Learn about the community where spiritualism is famously practiced, Lily Dale, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Bear-Sized Beaver, Castoroides, Work? Oct 05, 2020

A couple million years ago, species of bear-sized beavers roamed North America. Learn more about how Castoroides lived in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Did Neanderthals Use Glue? Oct 04, 2020

Neanderthals distilled tar more than 100,000 years before modern humans created glue. Learn how archaeologists compared three potential ways they might've done it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Captain America's Shield Work? Oct 03, 2020

Captain America's indestructible shield may be a work of fiction, but that won't stop us from trying to figure out how it might work in the real world. Learn more about the history and science behind Cap's shield in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's It Like to Live and Work in Antarctica? Oct 02, 2020

The South Pole's frigid desert continent bears very little natural life, but hundreds of researchers and support staff live and work there. Learn what that's like in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Up With America's European Replica Towns? Oct 01, 2020

Scattered throughout the U.S. are small towns built to look like old-timey European villages. Learn the stories behind a few such towns in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did the Pilgrims Really Land at Plymouth Rock Because They Ran Out of Beer? Sep 30, 2020

The Pilgrims who came to America on the Mayflower were supposed to start their colony further south, but dwindling rations made them settle for Plymouth Rock. Learn why beer was so key in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do People Store Art in Freeports? Sep 29, 2020

Some of the world's most precious antiquities and works of art aren't in museums or private homes -- they're stored away in freeports. Learn how freeports work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Element 115 Really Have a Connection With UFOs? Sep 28, 2020

Element 115, also known as moscovium, was first created by humans in 2003 -- but does it have any connection with the element by the same name rumored to have been worked with in Area 51? Learn the stories behind both in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Have the Voyager Spacecraft Taught Us? Sep 27, 2020

Voyager 1 and 2 have left the solar system, but we're still learning about ourselves and our galaxy from the information they've sent. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Simple Fruit Peels Revive Dead Land? Sep 26, 2020

Decades after a truckloads of orange peels were added to a degraded plot of land, the pasture is flourishing. Learn more about this experiment in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Dogs Love Belly Rubs But Cats Don't? Sep 25, 2020

Going in for a belly rub can garner a significantly different reaction from a cat versus a dog. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Have Hispanic Americans Helped Shape the U.S.? Sep 24, 2020

The United States has grown and thrived thanks to the contributions of Hispanic Americans. Learn about a few key moments in American history made possible by its Hispanic citizens in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Stainless Steel Really Stainless? Sep 23, 2020

No, stainless steel isn't completely stain-proof or damage-proof, but this category of steels is very tough and versatile. Learn more about types of stainless steel and how to care for them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Some of Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Landmark Cases? Sep 22, 2020

As a Supreme Court Justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg helped decide some truly landmark cases, resulting in a more just world for all Americans. Learn about a few of them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Mantis Shrimp Work? Sep 21, 2020

These crustaceans are so powerful that they can kill prey with a single blow -- and they communicate in ways no other animals can. Learn more about the amazing mantis shrimp in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Lightning Strikes Killing Fewer People? Sep 20, 2020

In the U.S., deaths from lightning strikes have declined a lot in recent years -- but why? Learn how technology has made us collectively safer in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Jellyfish Sleep? Sep 19, 2020

Jellyfish don't have brains, but (spoiler alert) they do seem to sleep. Learn how this may teach us more about human sleep in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Does the Cooking for Cooking Shows? Sep 18, 2020

Lots of the prep and plating that we see on cooking shows happens off camera. Learn more about how cooking shows work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Great Green Wall Work? Sep 17, 2020

The Great Green Wall is an African environmental project that's both massive and locally led, and it stands to help communities create and restore healthy land like never before. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is It Safe to Drive Without a Gas Cap? Sep 16, 2020

Modern cars have lots of failsafes to help you remember to reattach your gas cap after feuling -- but what if you drive off without it? Learn what can happen and what to do about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens If a Dog Loses Its Sense of Smell? Sep 15, 2020

Like humans, dogs can lose some of all of their sense of smell due to illness or injury. Learn the common causes os anosmia in dogs -- and why afflicted pups usually do just fine -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Foods Really Boost Your Immune System? Sep 14, 2020

Eating particular foods can indeed help your immune system -- but it's not exactly a boost. Learn how certain nutrients help your body fight infections (and how to get those nutrients) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Playing Pretend Help Kids Focus? Sep 13, 2020

When kids pretend to be a hero like Batman, it lets them separate themselves from temptation and stay on task. Learn more about the Batman Effect in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Can Space Missions Teach Us About Ourselves? Sep 12, 2020

NASA's epic Cassini mission taught us a lot about Saturn and its moons -- and about ourselves, too. Learn more about it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Grief Sometimes Come in Waves? Sep 11, 2020

A grief attack, sometimes called a Sudden (or Subsequent) Temporary Upsurge in Grief, can feel debilitating -- but they are temporary. Learn more about STUGs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Triceratops Work? Sep 10, 2020

These gigantic, plant-eating, three-horned dinosaurs were some of the last that walked the Earth. Learn more about Triceratops in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Are Hot Dogs Made? Sep 09, 2020

What actually goes into these sausages that American eat by the billion? Learn how hot dogs work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Butterfly Effect Work? Sep 08, 2020

The term 'butterfly effect' was coined in the 1960s to help explain how complicated weather is, but it can be applied to many complex or chaotic systems. Learn more about the butterfly effect (and what we often get wrong about it) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Celebrate Labor Day? Sep 07, 2020

Labor Day signals the end of summer in the United States and Canada, but it began as a celebration of workers and their hard-earned rights. Learn about the history of Labor Day in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Boston and New York's Accents Develop? Sep 06, 2020

These two American English accents were influenced by British English accents -- but were British accents influenced by them? And what does Boston have against the letter 'R'? Learn more about these accents in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Made the Prehistoric 'Hell Ant' So Diabolical? Sep 05, 2020

Instead of a mouth, the hell ant had blades and a metal horn. Learn more about this prehistoric creature on BrainStuff.

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Why Is a Universal Flu Vaccine So Difficult to Develop? Sep 04, 2020

Today's flu vaccines can absolutely prevent or lessen an influenza infection, but they have to be taken yearly and don't always work. Learn why -- and what researchers are doing about it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Paintings Portray Food More Realistically Than Instagram? Sep 03, 2020

People have been depicting wildly lavish foods for a lot longer than Instagram has been around. Learn about the history of what people eat versus what they show in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Most Words Already Trademarked? Sep 02, 2020

Spoiler alert: Yep, most of the commonly used words (and names!) in the English language are already trademarked. Learn more about how trademarks work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Does It Mean to Be a Modern-Day Explorer? Sep 01, 2020

The planet Earth is fairly well charted at this point, but we humans still have a drive to explore. Learn how modern-day exploration works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Help After a Natural Disaster? Aug 31, 2020

Seeing footage after a hurricane or other natural disaster makes us want to help, but some actions are a better use of time and money than others. Learn how to make your aid go the furthest in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Squirrels Organize Their Nuts? Aug 30, 2020

Research suggests that squirrels use memory strategies to remember where they put the good nuts. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Old Is the Number Zero? Aug 29, 2020

An analysis of the ancient Indian Bakhshali manuscript suggests the numerical symbol zero, as we use it today, may be centuries older than previously believed. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Do the Numbers on Interstate Signs Mean? Aug 28, 2020

American interstates aren't given those numbers randomly. Learn how information is coded into every number -- and how this high-speed road system got its start -- in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Largest Lake in the World? Aug 27, 2020

Siberia's Lake Baikal is so massive that it contains islands that have their own lakes. Learn about this ocean in the making, its amazing wildlife, and the myths about it in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Hurricanes Get Their Names? Aug 26, 2020

Hurricanes weren't always given names. Learn how the tradition began and how the names rotate from year to year in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Were the First Cowboys? Aug 25, 2020

The cowboy is an American icon, but the profession originated with Native American workers tending Spanish horses and cattle in Central America. Learn about the vaquero in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Were the World's Last Woolly Mammoths? Aug 24, 2020

Early humans did help hunt woolly mammoths to extinction, but the last surviving pockets of these animals were remote from humans. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Wolves Smarter Than Dogs? Aug 23, 2020

A new study put dogs and wolves head to head in the intelligence department. Guess which species won? Find out on BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Ruined City Lies Under Tunisia's Waters? Aug 22, 2020

Archaeologists discovered what they believe to be ruins of the Roman city of Neapolis in the Mediterranean, near Tunisia. Learn what they found out about it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Trebuchets Work? Aug 21, 2020

Trebuchets are a type of catapult that crushed castles in the Middle Ages. Learn how these siege engines helped kingdoms wage war in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Micro Are Microclimates? Aug 20, 2020

We often think of climate on the global scale, but trends in weather can be much smaller -- a whole climate can be tracked on the surface of a leaf. Learn more about microclimates in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Jane Elliott's Blue Eyes/Brown Exercise Work? Aug 19, 2020

In the 1960s, a Midwestern elementary school teacher became famous -- or infamous -- for walking her third-grade class through an exercise about racial discrimination. Learn about Jane Elliott and her blue eyes/brown eyes exercise in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Insures Race Cars and Their Drivers? Aug 18, 2020

Yes, race cars and race car drivers buy insurance, too -- and yes, it works a little differently. Learn about how NASCAR teams are insured in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Fertilizer Sometimes Explode? Aug 17, 2020

We usually think of fertilizer as being a good thing -- so how can it cause so much destruction? Learn why ammonium nitrate can cause deadly explosions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Getting a Doctorate Affect Your Mental Health? Aug 16, 2020

Research shows that doctoral programs can incite some serious problems. Learn how getting a Ph.D. affects mental health in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is a Brain-Shaped Blob In Canada? Aug 15, 2020

The magnificent bryozoan is a colonial organism that usually lives in warm ponds and lakes east of the Mississippi River. Learn what it's doing in western Canada in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Hair Be Tougher than Razor Blades? Aug 14, 2020

Hair is much softer than steel. So how can shaving cause a razor blade to dull? Learn how a few researchers figured out the answer -- and how they may provide a solution -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Family Has Won the Most Nobel Prizes? Aug 13, 2020

Spoiler alert: Marie and Pierre Curie started the family that has won more Nobel prizes than any other in history. Learn the Curie family's story in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Owns the Rights to Dinosaur Fossils? Aug 12, 2020

In some countries, important fossils are considered shared cultural heritage and can't be privately owned; in others, private sellers can make millions off dino fossils at auction. Learn more about owning dinosaur remains in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does the White House Have a Rose Garden? Aug 11, 2020

The White House's Rose Garden is a presidential sanctuary and event space for gatherings big and small -- but how did it get started? Learn about the history of the Rose Garden in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Daddy Longlegs, Anyway? Aug 10, 2020

There's an urban myth that daddy longlegs are the world's most venomous spiders, but most creatures by this name are neither venomous nor spiders. Learn more about daddy longlegs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Do Hurricane Categories Mean? Aug 09, 2020

Hurricanes are the strongest storms on the planet, but there's a big difference between a Category 1 and a Category 5 (and all the storms in between). Learn more about how we classify hurricanes in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did Plesiosaurs Swim So Efficiently? Aug 08, 2020

Ancient Plesiosaurs moved through the water unlike any other animal since. Learn what recent research found about them in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Saltwater Underground Railroad Work? Aug 07, 2020

In America, most of the Underground Railroad moved enslaved people north to freedom -- but Florida's Saltwater Underground Railroad moved people south, to the Bahamas. Learn how it worked in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are You Putting on Enough Sunscreen? Aug 06, 2020

We all know sunscreen can help save our skin, but new research indicates that most of us aren't using it correctly. Learn how to get the most out of your UV protection in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Should You Go on a Science Road Trip? Aug 05, 2020

There are adventures to be had everywhere, but we've picked a few of our favorite science-themed road trip destinations to spark your curiosity. Learn about beautiful places to explore fossils, geology, and rocket science in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Tanuki Work? Aug 05, 2020

Tanuki are East Asian animals that look like a dog with the face of a raccoon. Learn about their behavior and the myths surrounding them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Will NASA's Perseverance Rover Search for Ancient Life on Mars? Aug 03, 2020

A new rover is on its way to Mars to search for signs of ancient life. Learn about the Perseverance and its mission (including testing the Ingenuity robotic helicopter) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Balloons Stick To Our Hair? Aug 02, 2020

Recent research has deepened our understanding of balloons' hair-raising effect. Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the Best Way To Park? Aug 01, 2020

Do people who back their cars into parking spaces slow down the flow, or are they the smartest in the lot? Learn what science has to say about it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Planet Mercury Work? Jul 31, 2020

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, but it's often also the closest planet to Earth. Learn why -- and lots of other strange-but-true facts about Mercury -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is There a Coin Shortage in America? Jul 30, 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States has been experiencing a shortage of coins in circulation. Learn why -- and what may help fix it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Long Can Andean Condors Fly Without Flapping Their WIngs? Jul 29, 2020

Andean condors are seriously fuel efficient -- they only flap their wings for one percent of their total time in the air! Learn more about these amazing birds in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Ethyl and Isopropyl Alcohol? Jul 28, 2020

These two alcohols can both be used to make hand sanitizer, but only ethyl alcohol is drinkable. Learn how ethanol and isopropanol differ in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Is Frederick Douglass the Father of the Civil Rights Movement? Jul 27, 2020

Frederick Douglass's skills as a writer an orator made him a face of the abolitionist movement and went on to help inform and inspire the Civil Rights movement. Learn more about Douglass in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Which Computer Keys Wear Out First? Jul 26, 2020

As casual computer use shifts to touchscreens, the wear patterns on computer keyboards have evolved. Learn what keys now wear out first in this classic episode of BrainStuff

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Researchers Preserve Smells? Jul 25, 2020

Scents affect how we experience different cultures and places, which means they have historical value. Learn how researchers are setting about preserving them in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Ankylosaurus Work? Jul 24, 2020

This genus of plant-eating dinosaurs had awesomely heavy armor, might've had a great sense of smell, and some had a serious defensive weapon in their tail. Learn more about ankylosaurs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is 'Mayday' the International Distress Call? Jul 23, 2020

Prior to flight becoming common, 'SOS' was the standard distress call. Learn how the code 'mayday' was invented in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Homeless Americans Vote? Jul 22, 2020

Not having a permanent address or access to identifying documents can make voting in U.S. elections nearly impossible. Learn more about these challenges -- and what some organizations are doing to help -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Don't We Know Much About Druids? Jul 21, 2020

The surviving records about who Druids were and what they did aren't considered reliable. Learn what we know and don't know about Druids in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Big Does a Meteoroid Have to Be to Make It to the Ground? Jul 20, 2020

Meteors can put on a spectacular show, but many of the pieces of debris that cause them are the size of pebbles -- or dust. Learn more about meteorites in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Fast Can Lizards Evolve? Jul 19, 2020

Over the course of one frigid winter, green anole lizards in Texas changed their genetic makeup to better tolerate cold. Learn about this example of super-quick vertebrate evolution in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are There Months When You Shouldn't Eat Raw Oysters? Jul 18, 2020

Folk wisdom dictates that you should avoid eating oysters, especially raw, in months that don't contain the letter R in their name. Learn why there's some logic there in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is There a Parthenon in Nashville? Jul 17, 2020

In 1897, a plaster replica of the Parthenon built in Nashville for the Tennessee Centennial Exposition proved so popular that it was rebuilt in a more permanent form. Learn more about Nashville's Parthenon in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Science Build a Better Grain? Jul 16, 2020

Staple grains, like wheat and rice, can wear out the soil — and most have to be replanted from seed each year. Learn how researchers are seeking to create new varieties (like Kernza) to save the environment in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Did the Phrase 'Grandfathered In' Come From? Jul 15, 2020

Although the term 'grandfathered in' is applied in many situations today, it originally referred to laws about voting rights. Learn the history of this phrase in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Betta Fish Work? Jul 15, 2020

Betta fish are popular aquarium pets, but there are a few common misconceptions about these beautiful critters. Learn how these 'fighting fish' can be peaceful and more in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Were the Wild West's 'Petticoat Rulers'? Jul 15, 2020

In 1920, before many women in the U.S. could even vote, a frontier town in Wyoming elected an all-women ticket into office. Learn about the Petticoat Rulers in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did 'Fido' Become a Generic Name for Dogs? Jul 12, 2020

We humans have lots of nicknames for dogs -- but how did 'Fido' become one of them? Learn about the history of the term in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Goldfish Make Their Own Alcohol? Jul 11, 2020

Goldfish can survive in icy lakes and your poorly cleaned aquarium in part because they make their own alcohol. Learn more about how goldfish work in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Harlem Renaissance Work? Jul 10, 2020

The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great social, intellectual, and artistic invention that deeply impacts our world to this day. Learn how it got started and why it was so important in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much of Our Food Do Moths Pollinate? Jul 09, 2020

Moths pollinate more of our food than researchers previously realized. Learn more about insect pollination in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Rainy Days Make Us Sad? Jul 08, 2020

Popular music and video often use rain as a metaphor for melancholy, but does rainy weather really affect our mood? Learn about the psychology (or lack thereof) behind the rainy-day blues in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the Biggest Snake on Earth? Jul 07, 2020

The Titanoboa cerrejonensis was a massive snake related to modern boas -- but it might've grown to 47 feet (14 meters) in length. Learn about this extinct South American serpent in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is There a Crack in the Liberty Bell? Jul 06, 2020

The massive, historic Liberty Bell wasn't always cracked, and wasn't always named that. Learn what history knows (and doesn't know) about the Liberty Bell in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Did the Grandfather Clock Get Its Name? Jul 05, 2020

What we now call grandfather clocks were around for a long time before they got that name. Learn how a pop song renamed them -- and a few legends that may have inspired the song -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Did the T. Rex Have Such Tiny Arms? Jul 04, 2020

The Tyrannosaurus rex was a giant predator, but its arms weren't much bigger than a human being's. Learn a few hypotheses about T. rex's arms in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Will the Fires That Made Centralia a Ghost Town Ever Go Out? Jul 03, 2020

Coal fires have burned beneath this Pennsylvania town for decades, driving away inhabitants with continual smoke, ash, and cave-ins. Learn how coal-seam fires work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Real Vanilla So Expensive? Jul 02, 2020

Real vanilla is much more expensive than synthetic vanilla. Learn about the delicate orchid that vanilla comes from and why most vanilla flavoring is synthetic in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Isn't Washington, D.C. a State? Jul 01, 2020

A new bill aims to make Washington, D.C. the U.S.'s 51st state -- but why wasn't it created as a state to begin with, and why have similar bills failed in the past? Learn the history of the District of Columbia in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does the Hellbender Salamander Need Our Help? Jun 30, 2020

The hellbender salamander isn't nearly as scary as it sounds. Learn why they're mostly harmless -- and some of their populations are in danger -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the 'Streisand Effect' Make Cover-ups Go Viral? Jun 29, 2020

The 'Streisand Effect' is when some powerful entity tries to repress information, but winds up publicizing it instead. Learn the history of the term and how the effect works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Get Bags Under Our Eyes? Jun 28, 2020

All humans eventually develop bags under our eyes -- but why? Learn how it happens -- and about some inexpensive, unobtrusive home remedies -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do People Talk Weird in Old Movies? Jun 27, 2020

There's a distinct accent of yesteryear that's not quite British, and not quite American – so what gives? Learn about the Transatlantic accent, or Mid-Atlantic accent, in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the Tulsa Race Massacre? Jun 26, 2020

The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921 is the worst incident of interracial violence in U.S. history, yet it wasn't discussed for decades, and historians are still unearthing its details. Learn why, and what we do know about it, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Carmine, a Dye Made from Bugs, So Popular? Jun 25, 2020

Carmine is a vibrant, long-lasting red dye that's extracted from crushed cochineal insects. Learn about the intriguing history and modern use of carmine in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Many Continents Are There? Jun 24, 2020

Nailing down what makes a continent a continent is a surprisingly tricky business. Learn more about how we humans have defined landmasses, past and present, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Was a Doctor Once Ridiculed for Recommending Hand Washing? Jun 23, 2020

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis asked fellow 19th-century doctors to wash their hands between conducting autopsies and delivering babies -- and was ridiculed for it. Learn how he and other sanitation pioneers helped save lives anyway in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Commensalism? Jun 22, 2020

In commensal biological relationships, one organism benefits from another's work without harming (or, often, even alerting) the worker organism. Learn more about commensalism in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is Dry Cleaning Actually Wet? Jun 21, 2020

Spoiler Alert: Yep, dry cleaning isn't dry. Instead, it uses a petroleum solvent in place of water. Learn more about dry cleaning in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't We Breathe Underwater? Jun 20, 2020

Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, but in a form that we can't breathe. Learn more about how water works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Juneteenth Get Started? Jun 19, 2020

Juneteenth is a holiday celebrating Black American independence and commemorating the ongoing struggle for equality. Learn the history of Juneteenth in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Train Yourself to Become Ambidexterous? Jun 18, 2020

Preference for using one hand over the other is both genetic and learned during childhood -- but can we change that later in life? Learn about how handedness and ambidexterity work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Intersectionality? Jun 17, 2020

Though it started as an obscure legal term, intersectionality has become the matter of some debate. Learn what it means and how it can help everyone out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Roly-Poly Bugs Work? Jun 16, 2020

These small, grey garden critters go by many names and are more helpful than you might think. Learn about roly-poly 'bugs' (they're actually land crustaceans!) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Would It Take to Postpone a Presidential Election? Jun 15, 2020

The United States has never postponed a presidential election. Learn why it would be extremely difficult to do so in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Have Eyebrows? Jun 14, 2020

What are eyebrows really good for, evolutionarily speaking -- and what would we look like if we hadn't developed them? Learn about eyebrows, sweat, and nonverbal communication in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are There 60 Minutes In An Hour Instead of 100? Jun 13, 2020

Lots of human mathematics are based around multiples of the number 10 -- so why do we measure time in multiples of 12? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Were Jim Crow Laws? Jun 12, 2020

The term 'Jim Crow laws' refers to laws enacted after the U.S. Civil War to prevent emancipated slaves and other people of color from accessing their full rights as citizens. Learn the history of the term and how these laws affected society in this episode of BrainStuff.

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When Has a Single Vote Decided an Election? Jun 11, 2020

Voting is an incredibly important way to make your voice heard, but it's very rare for a candidate to win or lose by just one vote. Learn how rare -- and about a few times that it's happened -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Were Squeaky Floors Used for Security? Jun 10, 2020

In Japan during the 1600s, some wealthy households installed purposefully squeaky floors as an alarm system. Learn how nightingale floors work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can a Star Survive a Black Hole Encounter? Jun 09, 2020

In the long run, a black hole will consume any star that crosses its path -- but researchers have found one that should hang on for a few trillion years. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Tear Gas Especially Dangerous During COVID-19? Jun 08, 2020

Police use of tear gas at protests is controversial to begin with because it's so harmful, but these weapons may also help spread the novel coronavirus. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Russia's 'Dead Hand'? Jun 07, 2020

We’ve all seen movies with supervillains building catastrophic Doomsday devices – but one exists in the real world, too. In this classic episode, learn how the Cold War led to the most dangerous nuclear system in history: Russia’s 'Dead Hand' Perimeter system.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does TV Resolution Matter? Jun 06, 2020

There's a lot of hype about high-definition TV, ultra-high definition, and beyond. But does this race to jam more pixels into screens actually matter? Learn more about the human eye and digital resolution in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Is It Safe to Swim During the COVID-19 Outbreak? Jun 05, 2020

As public spaces begin to open, safety measures to protect yourself and others from COVID-19 are more important than ever. So how could a public pool or beach be safe? Learn about the CDC's recommendations in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Mason-Dixon Line Come to Divide the North from the South? Jun 05, 2020

The Mason-Dixon Line started as a tax-related land survey -- so how it come to stand as the barrier between slave states and free states during the Civil War? Learn the history of Mason and Dixon -- and how they contributed to science -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Many Americans Know Someone in Jail or Prison? Jun 05, 2020

A study found that nearly half of all U.S. citizens have an immediate family member who's been incarcerated for at least one night. Learn how the numbers break down in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Perceived During His Time? Jun 05, 2020

Many myths about the Civil Rights movement have arisen in the past few decades, including the idea that MLK was always considered an American hero. Learn how public opinion was divided, and how that changed over time, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the World's Most Dangerous Tree? Jun 01, 2020

The tropical manchineel tree bears apple-like fruit, but eating it -- or just touching its leaves or bark -- can cause a world of hurt. Learn about the 'apple of death' in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What's the Most Expensive Book in the World? May 31, 2020

Book collectors may spend thousands on signed copies or rare editions, but the biggest price tag in book-buying history was in the millions. Learn why the world's priciest book is essentially a treatise on plumbing in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Our Blood Red? May 30, 2020

Human blood is red -- yes, even when it's in your body. Learn why -- and why your veins appear blue through your skin -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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If You BBC Someone on an Email, Can Other Recipients Find Out? May 29, 2020

Email systems are designed to keep BCC recipients hidden, but mistakes -- and attacks -- can happen. Learn about CCing, BCCing, etiquette, and email security in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can the Wind Knock You Off Your Feet? May 28, 2020

There are indeed gusts of wind strong enough to knock a person off their feet, but for most of us, it'd take a lot of wind. Learn more about how wind works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Shangri-La A Real Place? May 27, 2020

Shangri-La began as a work of fiction, but it's loosely based in Buddhist mythology and has borne a couple namesakes in the real world. Learn about Shangri-La in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is NASA's Odor Panel? May 26, 2020

NASA tests everything it sends into space for a lot of things -- including stinkiness. Learn who NASA's odor volunteers are and what they do in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Observe Memorial Day? May 25, 2020

Since the Civil War, Americans have taken a day in late May to honor fallen soldiers. Learn two theories on how this tradition began in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Can You Fix the Shower Going Hot When a Toilet Flushes? May 24, 2020

If you've ever gotten a hot shock from someone flushing a toilet while you were taking a shower, there's an easy fix for that. Learn why it happens and how to fix it in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can Helicopter Blades Look Weird on Video? May 23, 2020

Depending on the camera settings and recording technology used to film helicopters, the blades can appear to bend, fragment, stand still, or move backwards. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Karl Marx, and What Were His Philosophies? May 22, 2020

Karl Marx was one of the most influential (and, ultimately, destructive) thinkers in history. Learn about his life, what he wrote, and why his ideas are still worthwhile in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Uranus Work? May 21, 2020

The eighth planet in our solar system is fairly mysterious: Why is it tilted on its side? Why is it so much colder than similar planet? Learn what we know -- and what we don't know -- about Uranus in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Cuttlefish Work? May 20, 2020

Cuttlefish are clever cephalopods that communicate with color. Learn the basics about cuttlefish in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did a Court Case End Japanese Internment? May 19, 2020

Together, Mitsuye Endo and James C. Purcell -- a Japanese-American woman and her lawyer -- brought down Executive Order 9066, which interred Japanese Americans during WWII. Learn about the order and its demise in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Chia Pets Work? May 18, 2020

From an uncertain start to an empire of kitsch, Chia Pets have become an American icon. Learn the history behind the trend in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't You Tickle Yourself? May 17, 2020

It’s almost impossible to trick your brain in order to tickle yourself. Learn why, and how tickling works to begin with, in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Anxiety Work? May 16, 2020

Anxiety is a normal, healthy response in the human body, but when it interferes with daily life it can become a disorder. Learn about anxiety's symptoms and biochemistry -- and how you treat it -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff..

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What Are Antibodies, and Why Are We Testing for Them? May 15, 2020

Antibodies are an important part of our immune system's toolkit in identifying and fighting infections. Learn how they work -- and what antibody tests can tell us -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is NASA's Astronaut Beach House? May 14, 2020

Yes, NASA has a beach house, and yes, it's the setting for some fabulous stories. Learn the history of the the Kennedy Space Center Beach House and Conference Center in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Were African American Spirituals, and What's Their Musical Legacy? May 13, 2020

African American folk spirituals were participatory music meant not just to comfort but to convey messages among enslaved people. Learn how historians think they worked -- and how they influenced modern music -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Birds Mob? May 12, 2020

If you've ever heard a group of birds cawing their little lungs out for minutes on end, you may have heard a bird mob. Learn how bird mobs work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Were Samurai and Ninja Really Like? May 11, 2020

Tales of honorable samurai and unscrupulous ninja abound, but are these legends based in reality? (Spoiler alert: uh, sorta.) Learn about the real history of samurai and how the stories came about in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Your Eyes Pop Out Of Your Head When You Sneeze? May 10, 2020

You may have heard that if you keep your eyes open during a sneeze, they could pop out of their sockets -- but is that true? Learn the science of how your eyes stay in your head -- and why they can pop out -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Night Vision Work? May 09, 2020

Sure, night vision looks cool in the movies - but what is it, exactly? Learn how can a scope or a pair of goggles help you see in near-absolute darkness in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are The World's Biggest, Baddest Jigsaw Puzzles? May 08, 2020

The largest jigsaw puzzles in the world have hundreds of thousands of pieces, but the hardest have less than a dozen. Learn about record-breaking jigsaw puzzles -- including the first one in history -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Keep Your Car in Shape During Shelter-in-Place May 07, 2020

Motor vehicles need to be driven to keep them in working order. Learn how just 20 minutes a week can help, plus other tips for maintenance, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could We Be Entering an Era of Commercialized Space Exploration? May 06, 2020

NASA has announced the first launch of American astronauts from U.S. soil in almost a decade -- and it will be on a privately developed spacecraft. Learn about the mission and what it could mean in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Plankton Our Tiniest Unsung Hero? May 05, 2020

Plankton can barely be seen with the naked eye, but they're responsible for the air we breathe and the energy we use. Learn more about these tiny aquatic organisms in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was New England's Vampire Panic? May 04, 2020

In the late 17- and early 1800s, rumors of vampires ran rampant through New England. Learn what happened (and why tuberculosis was to blame) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Some People Immune to Mosquitoes? May 03, 2020

Some people seem to attract tons of mosquito bites -- others, none at all. Learn what factors attract more mosquitoes -- and why they 'bite' us in the first place -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can Animals Predict Natural Disasters? May 02, 2020

Do animals have a sixth sense that can detect earthquakes and tsunamis -- or do they just make better use of their other senses than humans? Learn what research has found in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Was the Mad Hatter Mad? May 01, 2020

Long before Lewis Carroll wrote 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland,' hatters had a reputation for health issues -- mental and physical. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the Tasmanian Tiger Really Extinct? Apr 30, 2020

This Australian marsupial has officially been deemed extinct since 1936, but reports of sightings continue to this day. Learn about the uncertain existence of the thylacine in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Emmett Till's Murder Shake the U.S.? Apr 29, 2020

Although thousands of lynchings were committed after the American Civil War, Emmett Till's shook America's conscience and became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Pistachios' Color Depend on the Iran Hostage Crisis? Apr 28, 2020

Before the late 1970s, almost all pistachios found in the U.S. were dyed bright red. Learn why -- and why a famous diplomatic standoff changed that -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Neptune Work? Apr 27, 2020

This distant blue ice giant boasts incredible winds, storms, and moons. Learn why the coldest planet is so cool in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Agoraphobia Work? Apr 26, 2020

Agoraphobia is a complicated and difficult psychological condition that is easily misunderstood. Learn about life with agoraphobia in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Juice Cleanses Actually Work? Apr 25, 2020

Juice can contain good stuff, and cleansing sounds like a good thing -- but can juice cleanses deliver the results they promise? Learn about how your body uses nutrients and removes toxins in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Do We Get Wrong About Cleopatra? Apr 24, 2020

Cleopatra is a fascinating historical figure, but a lot of stories about her were misinformation spread by her enemies. Learn what historians think the real Cleopatra was like in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the Sky Blue? Apr 24, 2020

It seems like a simple question, but the answer involves a combination of physics, geometry, electromagnetic radiation, and biology. Learn why we perceive the sky as blue in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the New York Times Crossword Puzzle Work? Apr 22, 2020

For nearly 80 years, the New York Times Crossword puzzle has been an institution -- but the paper didn't even want to publish one at first. Learn the history and modern workings of the puzzle in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can a Cell Phone Make a Gas Pump Explode? Apr 21, 2020

There's a modern myth that using your cell phone while pumping gasoline may cause a fire or explosion, but it's been debunked. Learn why (and why static electricity may have started the myth) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Is Our Food Supply Chain Changing? Apr 20, 2020

Don't worry, there isn't any kind of shortage of food in the United States due to COVID-19 -- but our supply chain is changing. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Don't All Skeletons Become Fossils? Apr 19, 2020

If every animal that ever lived became fossilized, we'd be swimming in seas of fossils right now. Learn why we aren't in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can It Be Painful To Bite Aluminum Foil? Apr 18, 2020

If you've ever gotten a painful shock from biting down on a piece of aluminum foil, it's becauce dental metal in your mouth formed a type of battery with the foil. Learn how it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Was the Golden Gate Bridge Designed? Apr 17, 2020

A bridge connecting San Francisco to the Marin Headlands was proposed 60 years before construction actually began. Learn how it finally happened (and why you shouldn't call the iconic Golden Gate Bridge 'red') in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Turtles and Tortoises? Apr 16, 2020

Tortoises are a type of turtle, but the differences among these reptiles aren't always clear. Learn more about these shelled reptiles in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Stores Keep Running Out of Toilet Paper? Apr 16, 2020

Of all things to run low on during a pandemic: Why toilet paper? Learn the reasons behind the perceived shortage and empty shelves in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Glass a Liquid or a Solid? Apr 14, 2020

Glass isn't a liquid, but it's not quite a normal solid, either. Learn why glass is an amorphous solid (and why old window panes have ripples) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Gregor MacGregor Swindle People into Moving to a Country that Didn't Exist? Apr 13, 2020

In the early 1800s, one swindler tricked hundreds of people into investing in a nonexistent country -- and even into moving there. Learn about Gregor MacGregor's invented kingdom of Poyais in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does 'Power Dressing' Actually Work? Apr 12, 2020

Dressing up to feel powerful may have been a fashion fad of the 1970s and '80s, but do we really think and act differently if we wear formal clothes? Learn the psychology of power dressing in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Are Some People Afraid of Clowns? Apr 11, 2020

Clowns are usually goofy, raucous characters designed to be the life of any party. But they’re not universally adored. Learn why some people find clowns downright frightening in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is American Money Used Around the World? Apr 10, 2020

The American dollar has been the de facto world currency for decades. Learn why -- and what would need to happen for that to change -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the First Nation with Totally Dark Skies? Apr 09, 2020

The tiny South Pacific island nation of Niue is the first in the world to designated an International Dark Sky Place. Learn how it achieved this -- and why it's more than a title -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are We Still Talking About Plato After 2100 Years? Apr 08, 2020

With the world changing so quickly, it may seem strange that Plato is still so often required reading in philosophy and education programs. Learn why his work has survived in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is One Manta Ray Neon Pink? Apr 08, 2020

The reef manta rays of eastern Australia are normally black and white, but one specimen is a shocking bight pink. Learn about the manta ray nicknamed Inspector Clouseau in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Safely Unpack Your Groceries Amidst COVID-19? Apr 06, 2020

COVID-19 is not a foodborne illness, but to be careful, you might want to disinfect food packaging and fresh produce using a doctor-approved modified sterile technique. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Fire Extinguishers Work? Apr 05, 2020

Fire extinguishers are nearly ubiquitous, and they can be invaluable, life-saving devices. Learn what’s inside those little red cylinders, and how they can stop a fire, in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What the Heck is GDP? Apr 04, 2020

GDP, GNP – what does it all mean? Learn what economists are saying when they bring up these common economic indicators in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Was 'The Last Supper' the Masterpiece Leonardo da Vinci Didn't Want to Paint? Apr 03, 2020

The mural 'The Last Supper' made da Vinci famous, but it wasn't what he wanted to work on at the time. Learn the history of the painting (and what historians still argue about within it) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Entropy? Apr 02, 2020

It's OK if you're confused by the concept of entropy -- it can mean different things in different situations and disciplines. Learn about the second law of thermodynamics in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Ventilators Work? Apr 01, 2020

When a person is having trouble breathing on their own, ventilators can help keep them alive until the underlying problem can be treated. Learn how they work and how they're being improved in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Ghee Work? Mar 31, 2020

Ghee is a shelf-stable, nutty-flavored type of clarified butter. Learn how to make it and cook with it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Famous Places Can You Explore from Home? Mar 30, 2020

Because being a globetrotter isn't always practical, many cultural sites and museums have virtual tours available online. Learn about a few of our favorites in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Animals Laugh? Mar 29, 2020

It’s no secret that some animal species are highly intelligent – but can they “get” jokes? Can they laugh? Are laughter and intelligence even related? Learn about animal laughter in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Will a New Solar Orbiter Teach Us About the Sun? Mar 28, 2020

A recently launched spacecraft called the Solar Orbiter, or SolO, is en route to the sun to capture images from angles we've never achieved before. Learn how this will help us learn new things about our star in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Will Food Banks Meet Demand Related to COVID-19? Mar 27, 2020

Food banks and pantries, community kitchens, and the like help feed millions -- but many more may need help during the novel coronavirus outbreak. Learn what these organizations are doing to keep up (and keep safe) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Fruit Flies Science Superstars? Mar 26, 2020

Fruit flies are pests in our kitchens but glorious in genetics labs. Learn why -- and why they're not dangerous, even if they're annoying -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Start Your Own Bank? Mar 25, 2020

The U.S. is the only industrialized nation in the world where anyone with the funds, plan, and motivation can start their own bank. Learn how the process works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do You Have an Inner Monologue? Mar 25, 2020

It's hard to imagine other people's inner thoughts -- but we may be just as hard-pressed to explain our own. Learn how researchers have studied inner monologues and other modes of thought in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does the U.S. Sell Soda in Liters but Milk in Gallons? Mar 23, 2020

In America, many products -- including milk -- are sold in imperial ounces or gallons. But not so soda -- we often buy that in 1- or 2-liter bottles. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Hand Washing Beat Hand Sanitizer Hands Down? Mar 23, 2020

Washing your hands is way more effective than hand sanitizer at getting rid of germs because soap is scientifically amazing stuff. Learn why -- and how to use both -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Social Distancing Save Lives? Mar 22, 2020

When infectious diseases have the potential to break out, keeping your distance from other people means you’re helping protect everyone -- and helps our medical system not get overwhelmed. Learn why -- and how to do it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Long Can Viruses Last on Surfaces? Mar 20, 2020

Every virus is different, and research into the novel Coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is ongoing -- but learn about how long viruses can remain infectious in the air or on surfaces in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 09: How Did Desi Arnaz Change Television? Mar 19, 2020

Lucille Ball's ex-husband wasn't just her 'I Love Lucy' co-star and writing partner -- Desi Arnaz changed the way television is produced and watched. Learn about his contributions to the industry in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 07: Why Do Books Smell So Good? Mar 19, 2020

Researchers have set out to catalog the scent compounds that make books and libraries smell so welcoming. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 10: Will the Paper of the Future Be Made of Poop? Mar 19, 2020

It might sound gross, but it's eco-friendly: Paper is made from plant pulp. Animals that eat plants excrete plant pulp. Learn why some scientists have high hopes for poo-pyrus in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 01: Why Do Flying Squirrels Glow Hot Pink in UV Light? Mar 19, 2020

As it turns out, most flying squirrels glow hot pink in ultraviolet light. Learn what researchers think may be the reason in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 02: Why Are Some Words Funny? Mar 19, 2020

Words like 'poop' and 'wiggle' are inherently humorous, and science may have figured out why. Learn what science has to say about why some words tickle us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 08: Can Absurdly Big Numbers Be Useful? Mar 19, 2020

The bigger that numbers get, the harder they are for us to conceive of -- but that doesn't mean they can't be useful. Learn about some just ridiculously huge numbers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 06: Did Pirates Really Talk Like That? Mar 19, 2020

One guy is responsible for what we think pirates sounded like. Learn how actor Robert Newton changed the world in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 05: Why Do We Sing in the Shower? Mar 19, 2020

It's somewhere between tempting and inevitable to break into song in the shower. But why? Learn about the psychology and physiology of shower singing in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 04: Do Humans and Bananas Really Share Half Their DNA? Mar 19, 2020

You may have heard that people share about 50 percent of their DNA with bananas, and while there's a seed of truth to that, it's not quite right. Learn about our genetic similarity to fruit and other life forms in this episode of BrainStuff.

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FunStuff Playlist 03: Do Dogs Use Facial Expressions to 'Talk' to Us? Mar 19, 2020

It seems that dogs make more expressive faces when humans are watching. Are they trying to communicate? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Were Turtles Once the Size of Cars? Mar 19, 2020

Spoiler alert: Yep. A prehistoric species of freshwater sea turtles was a hundred times heavier than its modern relatives. Learn more about this giant in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Farts Can Be Silent, But Can They Be Deadly? Mar 18, 2020

It's highly unlikely that most farts spread disease, but there is one strange case in the medical records. Learn why passing gas is almost always safe (except for our noses) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Four-Leaf Clovers Considered Lucky? Mar 17, 2020

Four-leaf clovers have long been held as a symbol of good fortune. Learn why they're so rare (and why Saint Patrick used three-leaf clovers in his teachings) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Old Faithful Becoming Less Faithful? Mar 17, 2020

The famous Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park has been changing its eruption patterns over the past few decades -- but it's still incredibly predictable. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Bed Bugs Work? Mar 15, 2020

These insects live in your furniture, drink your blood, and stain your sheets. Learn how they thrive -- and how to get rid of them -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Pi? Mar 14, 2020

Today is Pi Day -- a celebration of the number pi (and pies, and mathematics in general). Learn what pi is and how this holiday came about in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are We Afraid of Friday the 13th? Mar 13, 2020

Many Westerners are wary of any Friday that falls on the 13th of a month for reasons rooted in pop culture and ancient theology alike. Learn how these ancient memes got started in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Saturn Work? Mar 12, 2020

Saturn is our solar system's second-biggest planet, the most elliptical in shape, and has a stunning set of rings. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Cars Have Alarms If We Ignore Them? Mar 11, 2020

People who live in areas that depend on cars for transportation may be so used to car alarms that they ignore them completely -- but that doesn't mean the alarms aren't useful. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Else Did Shel Silverstein Write? Mar 10, 2020

Most people know Shel Silverstein for his books of children's poetry like "Where the Sidewalk Ends," but he was a prolific writer. Learn more about Silverstein's life in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Coronavirus? Mar 09, 2020

There's a lot of (valid, understandable) fear about novel Coronavirus in the news -- it can be deadly, but you can protect yourself and your community. Learn how -- and what Coronavirus is -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Jet Lag Work? Mar 08, 2020

Our bodies are used to fairly regular patterns of sleep and wakefulness, and moving across time zones can mess that up royally. Learn why -- and what you can do to prevent it -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Can We See the Stuff Astronauts Left on the Moon? Mar 07, 2020

Astronauts have left over a hundred items on the moon's surface. Learn what telescopes are powerful enough to spot them in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Other Animals Have Blood Types Too? Mar 06, 2020

We humans have blood types that help determine what transfusions we can give and receive -- and other animals do too. Learn about cat, dog, and horse blood types, among others, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Legal Pads Yellow? Mar 05, 2020

Legal pads' defining characteristics all date back to the turn of the 20th century. Learn how they came about in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did an Enslaved Man Help Save Colonial Boston from Smallpox? Mar 04, 2020

Smallpox epidemics swept the colonies several times, but one African-American man known as Onesimus helped save Boston from the brunt of it. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Best Time of Day for Making Decisions? Mar 03, 2020

Everyone's brain works a little differently, but research shows that there's a time of day when most of us make decisions quickly, and another when most of us make decisions accurately. Learn when both occur in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Sonic the Hedgehog Survive His Own Speeds? Mar 03, 2020

Most hedgehog bodies are not meant for supersonic speeds, but most hedgehogs are not Sonic. Learn how Sonic's speed compares with other animals and how he might survive in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Would Space Do to the Human Body? Mar 01, 2020

All the times a character in science fiction has gotten tossed out an airlock got us wondering: What would really happen to the human body if it were exposed to space without a protective suit? Learn what we found in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Get Brain Freeze? Feb 29, 2020

You're enjoying a delicious frozen treat, and then, suddenly, it hits: brain freeze! Learn why this short, stabbing pain occurs in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Put the Baby in King Cake? Feb 28, 2020

King cake is a tasty part of Mardi Gras celebrations today, but the traditions behind it go way back. Learn about the history of king cake, and why many now come with a small plastic baby, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could We Turn Air Pollution Into Ink? Feb 27, 2020

Air pollution can carry the same compound that we use to make ink -- so why not capture that pollution and turn it into art? Learn how an innovative technology is making it possible in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the First Cat in Space? Feb 26, 2020

You may have heard of other animals' trips into space, but France's spacefaring cat, Félicette, has been all but lost to history. Learn about her journey in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Put Emoji on License Plates? Feb 25, 2020

Vermont is considering a bill that would allow its drivers to add emoji to license plates -- and Queensland, Australia already has that option. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Black History Month During February? Feb 24, 2020

Black History Month helps celebrate the achievements and contextualize the experiences of black people in America, past and present. Learn the history behind it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is WiFi Safe? Feb 23, 2020

You may have heard rumors that wireless internet is a health hazard, but, spoiler alert: It's probably just fine. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Car Horns Work? Feb 22, 2020

Car horns are both important safety feature and an instrument of rage. Learn the physics behind the honk in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Indigo Help Start America's Slave Trade? Feb 21, 2020

Crops like sugar and cotton are notoriously tied to slavery in the U.S. (and around the world), but indigo deserves infamy, too. Learn the dark history of this natural dye in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of the Tooth Fairy? Feb 20, 2020

Throughout history, different cultures have had all kinds of ceremonies surrounding the loss of a first baby tooth. Learn where the Tooth Fairy fits in in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Scientists Know What's Inside Dinosaur Eggs? Feb 19, 2020

For dinosaur eggs to have survived until now, they must have fossilized -- which makes cracking them open to see what's inside a difficult prospect. Learn how researchers tackle it (and when they don't have to) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Humans Built to Drink Milk as Adults? Feb 18, 2020

Lactose intolerance is rare in the U.S., but worldwide it's way more common. Learn what causes this and how researchers explain the divide in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Do People Get Wrong About Rosa Parks? Feb 17, 2020

Though we've all heard about how Rosa Parks' small act of resistance on a Montgomery bus sparked a boycott that spurred the civil rights movement, a lot of us get the details wrong. Learn the real story of Rosa Parks in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is the Birthday Paradox? Feb 16, 2020

The so-called Birthday Paradox isn't a true paradox -- it's a fascinating example of how bad humans are at off-the-cuff probability. Learn what the Birthday Paradox is and how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Get Morning Breath? Feb 15, 2020

Our breath can smell bad for a number of reasons, but it tends to be worse first thing in the morning. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Chocolate Give You a Happy High? Feb 14, 2020

Many humans enjoy eating chocolate -- but is it because of the taste, or because of compounds in the candy that simulate happiness in our brains? Learn about how chocolate affects us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Cats Knead? Feb 13, 2020

Cats seem to love kneading at soft things with their front paws -- but why do they do it? Learn about this (sometimes very pointy) behavior in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Balut, and How Do You Eat It? Feb 12, 2020

Balut is a street food delicacy found in Southeastern Asia -- and around the world. Learn about this eggy treat in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Single-Use Plastics Really That Bad? Feb 11, 2020

Single-use plastics are plastics made to be thrown away after one use. Learn why they're so damaging and how we can do better in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Georgia Tech's Most Famous Student Never Exist? Feb 10, 2020

George P. Burdell has received several degrees, flown missions in several wars, hosted countless campus balls, and ordered countless pizzas -- but he's never technically existed. Learn about Georgia Tech's legendary student in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Crooke's Radiometer Work? Feb 09, 2020

Crooke's radiometer is a device containing vanes that appear to spin because they're pushed by light itself, but that's not quite right. Learn what's really happening in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is White Noise? Feb 08, 2020

White noise generators are useful for masking all kinds of annoying sounds -- but what is white noise, and how does it work? Learn about white noise (and other 'colors') in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Wine, Cars, and Clothes Defy Economics? Feb 08, 2020

With most goods and services, as their price goes up, demand goes down -- but not so with luxury items from diamonds to college educations. Learn how Veblen goods work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can a Mongoose Take on a Cobra? Feb 07, 2020

Mongooses are small, weasely mammals that can -- and do -- kill and eat big, venomous king cobras. Learn how they manage to come out on top in this grudge match in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Scientists Asking Hikers to Stop Stacking Rocks? Feb 05, 2020

Stacks of rocks called cairns have long been used for navigation and decoration, but scientists are now asking hikers to stop making them. Learn how simply moving rocks can be hugely destructive (even if you put them back) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do People Say 'Holy Cow'? Feb 04, 2020

The phrase 'holy cow' is an example of a minced oath -- a substitute for a taboo phrase. Learn how baseball was involved in its popularity in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Would King Kong Be Considered an Endangered Species? Feb 03, 2020

Land animals tend to have an upper limit of size, beyond which they risk extinction. Learn why (and how King Kong is a great example of this) in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is a 'Dog Year' Really 7 Years? Feb 02, 2020

Sure, dogs age differently than humans -- but is a year for us really like seven years for them? Learn the truth about your dog's age in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What is 'Ranch' Flavor? Feb 01, 2020

Ranch is the most popular salad dressing in the United States, but what is that flavor supposed to be? Learn the history and modern make-up of ranch flavor in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Super Bowl Ads Really Worth $30 Million? Jan 31, 2020

The most expensive 30-second commercial slot in this weekend's Super Bowl sold for $5.6 million, but the total cost to make these ads is more like $30 million. Learn what kind of return on investment companies hope to make in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did White House Press Briefings Go From Daily to Done? Jan 30, 2020

Press briefings have been a regular event at the White House since the late 1800s, so why has the Trump administration cancelled them? Learn about the history behind the practice (and what's replaced them) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Electric Motors Save Classic Cars? Jan 29, 2020

Replacing vintage engines with electric motors can help keep classic cars on the road (though don't worry, we're not coming for your collector's items). Learn why companies like Jaguar and Volkswagen are leading the charge in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Science to Aging Beer? Jan 28, 2020

Some beers develop in interesting and pleasant ways as they age -- but it's a science experiment with a lot of variables. Learn how to embark on the art and science of aging beer in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Best Kind of Dog Leash? Jan 27, 2020

Taking your dog out on walks is great for it (and you!), but certain kinds of leashes can help keep you both safer. Learn why an expert recommends braided leather leashes (and when they recommend harnesses) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Radiation Sickness Work? Jan 26, 2020

Most of us don't have to worry about ionizing radiation -- that is, the kind of radiation that can make you sick. Learn why (and what ionizing radiation can do) in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Fracking? Jan 25, 2020

You’ve heard of fracking, and you’re pretty sure lots of people don’t like it, but do you know what it really entails? Learn what goes into the fracking process in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Bengal Cats Work? Jan 24, 2020

Bengal cats are a hybrid of domestic cats and a small, wild type of leopard cat. Learn how this breed began and why they're an intensive pet in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Avenues, Roads, and Boulevards? Jan 23, 2020

Yes, there is a difference! Roadways in the United States are given designations based on what lines them and how they connect. Learn the differences between these and other passages in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Bananas Berries, but Strawberries Aren't? Jan 22, 2020

Botanically speaking, bananas are berries and strawberries are not. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Monkeys Lack the Brains or the Vocal Anatomy for Human Speech? Jan 21, 2020

For a long time, scientists thought monkeys and non-human apes simply lacked the vocal anatomy for human speech, but new research indicates otherwise. Learn what was found in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are We Running Out of Cork? Jan 20, 2020

There's a myth that the trees that cork comes from are endangered, but they're doing just fine. Learn how the rumors may have started in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the Exclamation Point on the Rise? Jan 19, 2020

The exclamation point, once scorned by most, is appearing more and more in online communication — even in professional settings. Learn the history of this punchy punctuation in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Microwave Ovens Work? Jan 19, 2020

It may seem like magic, but microwave ovens employ the physics of the electromagnetic spectrum to heat your food. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What If the Moon Disappeared? Jan 18, 2020

If the moon suddenly disappeared from existence, Earth would be missing more than just our nightlight. Learn how the moon affects the Earth in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Pringles Really Potato Chips? Jan 16, 2020

It took a series of British courts to decide whether Pringles count as potato chips (or, rather, potato crisps). Learn why -- and what they decided -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could There Be a Fifth Fundamental Force? Jan 15, 2020

Scientists have been studying the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force, and the weak force) since the 1950s, but new research indicates that there may be a fifth. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Toilet Paper and Facial Tissues? Jan 14, 2020

We often use the two interchangeably (especially in times of need), but toilet paper and facial tissues are composed differently. Learn why you shouldn't flush tissues in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Your Next Car Say 'No' to Drunk Driving? Jan 14, 2020

The technology already exists to put Breathalyzers in cars to prevent drunk driving, and some lawmakers are working towards mandating it. Learn how it might work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Your Name Determine Your Future? Jan 12, 2020

What's in a name? Research shows that your name can indeed influence your career and your behavior. Learn how in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Does the Tab on a Rearview Mirror Really Do? Jan 11, 2020

Pushing the tab on a car's rearview mirror seems to dim the headlights of the car behind you -- but how? Learn how rearview mirrors work in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Wayback Machine Work? Jan 10, 2020

The internet's Wayback Machine isn't a time machine in the traditional sense, but it does archive web pages to provide a living history for users to explore. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can 'Reef DJs' Bring Fish Back to Damaged Reefs? Jan 09, 2020

When fish abandon unhealthy coral reefs, the whole ecosystem can collapse -- but new research shows that playing sounds from healthy reefs can lure fish back, helping stabilize the reef. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Hair Dyes and Straighteners Cause Cancer? Jan 08, 2020

New research indicates that permanent hair dyes and hair straighteners can increase women's risk of breast cancer. Remember, cancers are caused by many genetic & environmental factors -- but learn what the researchers found in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's So American About Apple Pie? Jan 07, 2020

When something or someone is particularly emblematic of the U.S., we often say they're 'as American as apple pie'. Learn the history of apple pie, plus how that phrase got started, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should School Buses Have Seat Belts? Jan 06, 2020

School buses are much safer than other vehicles on the road, statistically speaking, but they'd be even safer with seat belts. Learn why they haven't traditionally had them, and how that might change, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do We Know What Dinosaurs Looked Like? Jan 05, 2020

Museums and movies alike feature representations of dinosaurs, but how can we reconstruct their appearance from a bunch of million-year-old fossils? Learn what we can (and can't) glean from the fossil record in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Happens When I Have A Hangover? Jan 04, 2020

One unpleasant effect of drinking alcohol can be the collection of symptoms known as a hangover -- a pulsing headache, dry mouth, nausea, and more. Learn what's actually happening to your body -- and whether there's any way to fix or prevent it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Baking Soda and Baking Powder? Jan 03, 2020

The two aren't interchangeable -- baking powder consists of baking soda plus other stuff. Learn how both work -- and how to make baking powder from soda -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Was the Grinch Based on Dr. Seuss? Jan 02, 2020

Spoiler alert: Yep, Dr. Seuss modeled the Grinch on himself. Learn how the generally joyful writer created such an infamous sourpuss in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Makes Champagne Champagne? Jan 01, 2020

Champagne is a type of sparkling wine made under a particular set of rules to protect it from imitators -- but it wasn't always so prized. Learn the history and science of what goes into a bottle of bubbles in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Drop a Ball on New Year's Eve? Dec 31, 2019

The tradition of dropping a ball in Times Square to mark the beginning of a new year only goes back about a century. Learn about the history -- plus four weird things that other cities drop instead -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Created the Peace Sign (and Why)? Dec 30, 2019

Though it started as a symbol of nuclear disarmament, the peace sign has grown to apply to (and be applied to) all kinds of things -- but the creator didn't mind; he'd hoped it'd take off. Learn the history of the peace sign in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is Synesthesia? Dec 29, 2019

It’s true – some people hear colors, or taste words. Learn how synesthesia works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Determines Your Hair Color? Dec 28, 2019

There's a lot of natural variation in the color of human hair. Learn the physical explanation for the difference in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Closing Your Door at Night Save Your Life? Dec 27, 2019

We all know "stop, drop, and roll," but a new fire safety tip is equally important: "close before you doze". Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's in the Secret Apartment Atop the Eiffel Tower? Dec 26, 2019

Yes, there's a secret apartment atop the Eiffel tower -- and it's filled with science! Learn how it came to be -- and how it actually saved the tower from destruction -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are We Dreaming of a White Christmas? Dec 25, 2019

Bing Crosby and hundreds of other singers have expressed their desire to see snow on Christmas, by why? Learn the history of this popular holiday song in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Rudolph's Nose Glow Red? Dec 24, 2019

How could a reindeer have developed a glowing red nose, and how does it work? Learn the science behind Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer's distinctive feature in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Men Have Nipples? Dec 23, 2019

Male humans very rarely lactate, so why do they have nipples? Learn why evolution didn't edit that feature out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Did the Brontosaurus Exist? Dec 22, 2019

You may have heard that the Brontosaurus never existed, but that isn't quite right. Learn how a feud between ex-friends created confusion surrounding this dinosaur in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Some Noises Drive Me Crazy? Dec 21, 2019

If the sound of gum being chewed or the crinkle of plastic fills you with inarticulate, homicidal fury (or any other inexplicable emotion), you may be experiencing misophonia. Learn how researchers think it works in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Physicist Hedwig Kohn? Dec 20, 2019

As a German Jewish woman who came of age around WWI, Hedwig Kohn defeated all odds against her to live a long, successful life as a physicist. Learn her story in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Camping Help Us Sleep Better? Dec 19, 2019

Our use of electric lights after dark can mess with our circadian rhythms and make it harder to get a good night's sleep. Learn how a mere weekend of camping might help you reset in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Florida's Red Tide? Dec 19, 2019

You may have heard about a red tide menacing ocean beaches, but what causes it -- and can it be stopped? Learn about the algae that cause Florida's red tide in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Doesn't My Sushi Come with Real Wasabi? Dec 17, 2019

Outside of Japan and the fanciest restaurants, most "wasabi" served with sushi is an imitation of the real thing. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Wasn't 'Groom of the Stool' a Crappy Job? Dec 16, 2019

First, yes, there was once a job in royal courts called Groom of the Stool, and yes, it involved dealing with the king's poop. Learn why it was actually a covetable position in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Pop Rocks Dangerous? Dec 15, 2019

Did Pop Rocks really blow the door off of a delivery van? Has anyone ever died from eating this unique (and uniquely loud) candy? Learn the truth behind the rumors surrounding Pop Rocks in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Humans Still Evolving? Dec 14, 2019

We may not have mutant powers like the X-Men, but natural selection is still changing humanity… for the better. Learn about some of humanity's most useful modern mutations in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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When Is Moldy Food Safe to Eat? Dec 13, 2019

Spoiler alert: Sometimes! Not all molds are harmful, and some are even helpful -- but it's not always OK to cut away spots of mold and eat the food it was growing on. Learn when it is in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Ancient Roman Concrete Outlast Our Own? Dec 12, 2019

Modern concrete crumbles when exposed to the elements, but ancient Roman concrete only gets stronger over time. Learn how this is possible -- and why we're not using their recipe -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do People Still Use Fax Machines? Dec 11, 2019

We live in the incredible future of scanners, internet connectivity, and digital signatures -- so why do people still use fax machines? Learn why faxing perseveres in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did a Comma Decide a Court Case? Dec 10, 2019

There's no call to be pedantic, but sometimes a tiny punctuation mark can make a huge difference in meaning. Learn how the Oxford comma changed a judge's decision in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Noises Other People Make Seem Louder Than Our Own? Dec 10, 2019

Humans and other animals tend to tune out the noises they themselves make. Learn how and why this happens in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Long Would It Take To Walk Around The World? Dec 08, 2019

This is a more complicated question than it seems because oceans definitely get in the way, but there are a few ways to attempt to walk around the entire globe -- and a few people who have tried. Learn about them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does the Human Body Really Replace Itself Every 7 Years? Dec 07, 2019

Short answer: Nope! Learn how long it really takes, plus how nuclear weapons helped scientists find the answer, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Macadamia Nuts So Expensive? Dec 06, 2019

Macadamias are delicious and nutritious in small servings, but they're also the most expensive nuts in the world. Learn what they are and how they're grown in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Bees Beard? Dec 05, 2019

Honeybees can heat and cool their hives to keep the temperature comfortable. Learn about one method -- bearding -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can a Sea Slug Use Solar Power? Dec 04, 2019

Researchers have found a sea slug that incorporates pieces of algae cells into its body to live off of photosynthesis. Learn more about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will There Always Be a North Star? Dec 03, 2019

The star Polaris, when viewed in the Northern Hemisphere, points you almost due north. Learn how it's aided navigators for centuries, but why it won't always do so, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did a Mad King Design Disney's Castle? Dec 02, 2019

Walt Disney based Sleeping Beauty's castle -- the centerpiece of Disneyland and the Disney logo -- on a real castle in the Bavarian Alps of Germany. Learn about Neuschwanstein Castle's strange and tragic history in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do You Or Your Dishwasher Get Dishes Cleaner? Nov 29, 2019

OK, this one is no contest: Your dishwasher can get dishes cleaner, but that doesn't necessarily mean that using one is healthier. Learn about the science behind the suds in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Work? Nov 28, 2019

Thousands of participants and millions of viewers turn out every year for the spectacle that is the Macy's Parade. Learn its history and what goes into running it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Would Turkey Be So Popular Without Thanksgiving? Nov 27, 2019

Americans eat a LOT of turkey around the winter holidays, but why? Learn about turkey's festive history and when we eat the most of it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Dirty Is Soap? Nov 26, 2019

It’s good hygiene to wash your hands after touching shared bathroom surfaces. But bars of soap are also a shared surface. Learn why soap is pretty clean in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Dogs Have Belly Buttons? Nov 26, 2019

Spoiler alert: Yep, all placental mammals have belly buttons, but dogs' and cats' look a little different than ours. Learn how belly buttons work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Plants Conscious? Nov 26, 2019

Researchers have found evidence that plants have senses, memories, and can even communicate with each other. But does this mean they're conscious? Learn what science has to say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Turducken Become a Thing? Nov 25, 2019

A chicken stuffed inside a duck stuffed inside a turkey. Yep. Learn the history of the turducken and what it takes to prepare one in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Your Brain Get Tired Like Your Muscles Do? Nov 22, 2019

We've all felt it: the dreaded brain drain after a long or taxing day. Learn why this occurs -- and what you can do to help prevent burnout -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why is Bird Poop White? Nov 22, 2019

Bird poop: It’s the bane of cars, statues, and occasional hapless pedestrians across the world. But what is this stuff anyway? Learn about birds' amazingly efficient waste systems (and why their waste is white) in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Will Soda Really Ruin My Teeth? Nov 21, 2019

Soda may not dissolve teeth in 12 hours flat, but it can cause damage to your pearly whites. Learn how -- and how to avoid it without giving up your favorite drink -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Ancient Land Blob Called Gondwana Become Today's Southern Continents? Nov 21, 2019

Just looking at a world map makes it clear that today's continents were once a single mass, but scientists are still researching how they came together and apart. Learn about the history of the Southern Hemisphere's continents in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Sleepwalking Work? Nov 20, 2019

Researchers don't entirely understand why we humans sometimes walk around (or doing any number of other things) in our sleep, but there are a few myths that they can dispell. Learn more about sleepwalking, aka somnambulism, in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Don't Evergreen Trees Lose Their Needles? Nov 20, 2019

Evergreens' needles are their leaves, so why don't they change color and drop in the fall? Learn how evergreen leaves work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Humans and Bananas Really Share Half Their DNA? Nov 19, 2019

You may have heard that people share about 50 percent of their DNA with bananas, and while there's a seed of truth to that, it's not quite right. Learn about our genetic similarity to fruit and other life forms in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Dogs Yawn? Nov 19, 2019

Dogs communicate by yawning, and it's complex to figure out what they might mean.

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BrainStuff Classic: What Creates the Northern Lights? Nov 18, 2019

There are lots of misconceptions out there about what causes the stunning Aurora Borealis. Learn what's really up with the Northern Lights in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do You Deep Fry a Turkey? Nov 18, 2019

Deep frying anything is a science -- but perhaps especially a whole turkey. Learn how to do it (and why it works) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do I Need a Passport to Travel? Nov 15, 2019

The vast (vast!) majority of humans need a passport in order to travel internationally. Learn why -- and who doesn't -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Can 'Hypoallergenic' Dogs Still Trigger Allergies? Nov 15, 2019

Spoiler alert: Yes, breeds of dogs said to be hypoallergenic can still set off your allergies -- but they may be better for you than other breeds. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Are Less Experienced People More Confident? Nov 14, 2019

You may have heard about the supposed inverse relationship between confidence and knowledge -- but is it true? Learn more about the Dunning-Kruger effect in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Could We Recycle Excess Subway Heat? Nov 14, 2019

Heating homes and other human hangouts requires a huge carbon footprint -- but meanwhile, we're wasting heat every day (and sweating) in systems like subways. Learn how one project hopes to use that excess heat for the greater good in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Is Bacon Considered a Breakfast Food? Nov 14, 2019

Bacon and eggs are a traditional breakfast -- but that tradition only goes back about a century. Learn how Sigmund Freud's nephew invented public relations and changed the way we eat breakfast in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We Win the War on Cockroaches? Nov 13, 2019

Cockroaches are, if nothing else, admirably persistent -- they can spring back from a 90% population loss just a couple generations. Learn how hardy they are in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Wolverines Work? Nov 12, 2019

Wolverines may not have adamantium-reinforced skeletons, but this species of weasel boasts a few superpowers of its own. Learn more about wolverines in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Should You Stop Raking Fall Leaves? Nov 12, 2019

Something has to be done with all those fall leaves, but the best option for the environment (and your lawn) isn't raking, it's mulching. Learn why, and how to get started, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Hornets and Wasps? Nov 08, 2019

We often use the terms 'wasp' and 'hornet' interchangeably, but that's not quite right, and knowing the difference can save you a sting. Learn about these insects in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can a Hen Turn into a Rooster? Nov 07, 2019

In cases of spontaneous sex reversal, an animal born male can become female, or vice versa, due to genetic or hormonal changes. Learn the story of how one hen became a rooster in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Could Artificial Glaciers Hydrate the Himalayas? Nov 06, 2019

Farmers in the Himalayas depend on yearly snow melts to water their crops, but climate change means they're not getting enough snowfall to replenish natural glaciers. Learn how artificial glaciers are helping in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Science Behind Applause? Nov 05, 2019

The way that applause starts and moves through a large crowd is scientifically predictable. Learn what the research shows about the influence of sound and psychology in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Science Create a Better Blood Supply? Nov 04, 2019

Millions of lives are saved by blood transfusions every year, but sometimes donations are in short supply. Learn how researchers are hoping to make more blood universally transferable in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Humans Evolve To Be Superstitious? Nov 01, 2019

Humans and other animals often hold superstitions -- but why? Could it have been biologically advantageous to our ancestors? Learn more about superstition in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Eye of Newt? Oct 31, 2019

The witches in Macbeth describe a disturbing brew -- eye of newt, toe of frog, etc. -- but that was just code for common plants. Learn what eye of newt really is in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Exactly Is Candy Corn? Oct 30, 2019

Americans buy some 9 billion kernels of candy corn every year. Learn this candy's history plus how it's made in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Happening During A Near-Death Experience? Oct 29, 2019

Some patients brought back from cardiac arrest describe seeing a bright light at the end of a tunnel, or other phenomena known as a near-death experience. Learn how some researchers have tried to explain this in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Legend of the Hawaiian Night Marchers? Oct 28, 2019

Hawaiian folklore tells of the huaka'i pō, or night marchers -- ghostly warriors whose sense of duty has kept them on guard even after death. Learn the legend (and what to do if you hear them coming) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We 3-D Print Meat in Space? Oct 25, 2019

Lab-created meat may help prevent harm to animals here on Earth, but it'd be even more helpful for feeding people in space. But can tech like 3-D printers work in space? Learn about the potential future of space burgers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Sea Urchins Work? Oct 24, 2019

Spiny on the outside and gooey on the inside, sea urchins are a weird and wonderful animal -- and delicacy. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Venus Work? Oct 23, 2019

Venus is the hottest planet, its years are shorter than its days, and its atmospheric pressure is 92 times greater than that on Earth. Learn how researchers think Venus got this way in today’s episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Dead Butt Syndrome? Oct 22, 2019

Sitting too much and not getting the right kinds of exercise can lead to gluteal tendinopathy — dead butt syndrome. Learn why (and what can be done about it) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Ecosystems Work? Oct 22, 2019

Nothing in our environment exists in a vacuum -- everything is interconnected. Learn how the study of ecosystems attempts to learn about things through those connections in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Were the Dyatlov Pass Hikers Murdered? Oct 18, 2019

The mystery of what happened to nine hikers one wintery night has gone unsolved for 60 years. Learn what evidence has been found -- and what's still unknown -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Photosynthesis Power Life on Earth? Oct 17, 2019

Plants turn sunlight into food via photosynthesis, which is pretty amazing -- and its evolution is fairly mysterious. Learn how researchers think it happened in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Red Flag Laws Help Prevent Mass Shootings? Oct 16, 2019

In the wake of America's many mass shootings, some states are enacting laws that allow police to confiscate citizens' firearms when a concern about violence is reported. Learn how these red flag laws work in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can 3-D Printing Help Save Animals? Oct 15, 2019

Prostheses for humans are already in use, so why not for other animals? Learn how veterinarians are using 3-D printed limbs, fins, beaks, bones, and shells to help injured animals in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Some Americans Cancelling Columbus Day? Oct 14, 2019

Some U.S. cities and states have officially changed Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples' Day. Learn why -- and why some Americans disagree with the change -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Our Solar System Contain a Primordial Black Hole? Oct 11, 2019

Astronomers think there's an object in the far reaches of our solar system that's six times as massive as Earth. Learn why some think it's a planet and others propose it's a type of black hole in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Shar-Pei Get Its Wrinkles? Oct 10, 2019

This dog breed is known for its distinctive wrinkles, and genetic researchers have figured out why those wrinkles occur. Learn about it (plus whether a Shar-Pei might be a good dog for you) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should Cities Require Green Roofs? Oct 09, 2019

Planting gardens, grasses, or wildflowers on urban roofs can solve a lot of problems, but it can cause a few along the way. Learn more about green roofs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Bobcats Come Back from the Brink? Oct 08, 2019

Bobcat populations weren't doing so well a few decades ago, but these resilient wild cats are on the rebound. Learn about bobcats in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Best Strategy for Finding a Parking Spot? Oct 07, 2019

There are a couple mathematically tested strategies for finding a parking spot that costs you the least time in terms of searching and walking to your destination. Learn what science has to say about parking in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Wore High-Heeled Shoes First? Oct 04, 2019

Although shoes with high heels are often coded feminine in modern culture, men wore them first -- military men, specifically. Learn the history of high heels in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Rare Are All-Black Chickens? Oct 03, 2019

A few types of chickens are so pigmented that not just their feathers but their very flesh is a deep blue-black color. Learn how researchers think this came about in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Young Is Too Young to Face Arrest? Oct 02, 2019

In the United States, many states don't put a lower age limit on arrests, and children as young as six years of age have been arrested by police. Learn why, and how some lawyers and lawmakers are trying to change that, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Escape a Sinking Car? Oct 01, 2019

Being trapped in a car is a scary thought, but safety experts say that being prepared for emergencies saves lives. Learn what devices can help and how to use them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Often Should You Wash Your Coffee Mug? Sep 30, 2019

Not every bacterium is an enemy, but illness-causing germs are out there -- and some love your coffee cup. Learn how often research indicates you should wash that reusable cup in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Are Maine Coons Different From Other Cats? Sep 27, 2019

The Maine Coon breed of cats has a reputation for being more doglike than catlike. Learn about how they stand out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Aspirin, Ibuprofen, and Acetaminophen? Sep 26, 2019

These over-the-counter medications all do fairly similar jobs of relieving aches and pains, but there's a best (and a worst) way to use each type. Learn the differences between pain relievers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Blueprints Blue? Sep 25, 2019

The traditional color of blueprints wasn't chosen because it's pretty -- it's a result of a chemical copying process. Learn the history of blueprints in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can I Become a Mermaid? Sep 24, 2019

With the help of specially made fins (and some swim lessons), anyone can become a mermaid or merman — there are even mer-professionals. Learn how mermaiding works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Lyme Disease Start as a Bioweapon? Sep 23, 2019

There’s been a call for investigation into the history of Lyme disease, and whether it might’ve been an accidentally released bioweapon. Learn both sides of the debate in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of the Statue of Liberty? Sep 20, 2019

The Statue of Liberty is so iconic that it's hard to imagine New York City without it, but plans for the statue got started less than 200 years ago. Learn how Lady Liberty was created in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Gingko Leaves Help Track Climate Change? Sep 19, 2019

Gingko biloba trees have changed so little over the past few hundred million years that researchers can use their leaves to track how the environment has changed over that time. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Would Authorities Handle a Murder in Space? Sep 18, 2019

Investigating murders right here on planet Earth can be tricky -- how would it be handled in space? Who would even be in charge? (Do we need space cops??) Learn what current and future laws may apply in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Maggots End World Hunger? Sep 17, 2019

Maggots are undeniably gross, but black soldier fly maggots are a more efficient source of protein than anything else on the planet. Learn how researchers hope to get more people eating insects in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Fish Experience Thirst? Sep 17, 2019

Fish live in water, but, just as our land-dwelling bodies have to carefully regulate our water and salt levels, so do fish bodies. Learn how fish stay hydrated in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Sigmund Freud Still Matter? Sep 13, 2019

Though he was the father of psychoanalysis, Freud and his theories don't hold up so well today. Learn about his famous Oedipus complex concept and what modern psychiatrists and psychologists think in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Declawing Cats Controversial? Sep 12, 2019

New York state recently banned cat declawing. Learn what the process entails and why veterinary groups recommend against it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the U.S. Presidential Seal? Sep 11, 2019

American presidents can opt to affix the presidential seal to official documents and have used it as an official decoration. Learn the how and why the seal was created, plus the symbolism behind it, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Buzz on Alcohol in Space? Sep 10, 2019

There hasn't been any official research into the effects of alcohol on the body in space, but at least a few astronauts and cosmonauts have imbibed. Learn about the history and potential future of booze in space in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Automated Lights Really Stop Burglars? Sep 10, 2019

Motion-activated porch lights and app-controlled interior lights are commonly used to prevent burglaries, but do they really work? Learn what burglars themselves say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can We Film Giant Squid? Sep 06, 2019

These legends of the deep are notoriously shy, but researchers have recently captured images and video of living giant squid. Learn how they did it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Cobalt Work? Sep 05, 2019

The element cobalt is responsible for brilliant blue paints and rechargeable batteries alike. Learn how it works and why its supply is uncertain in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Going Sockless Be Bad for Your Feet? Sep 04, 2019

Socks aren't just a fashion accessory -- they can help keep your feet healthy! Learn how to stay safe while sockless in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Oldest Active Building Project in the World? Sep 03, 2019

The Sagrada Familia Basilica was started by Antoni Gaudí in 1882 and is still undergoing its initial construction today. Learn more about the architect and his long-running project in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Jupiter Have 79 Moons While Other Planets Have None? Sep 02, 2019

If you guessed 'gravity' you're right -- but a few specific factors make Jupiter so much moonier than planets like Earth. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Marjory Stoneman Douglas? Aug 30, 2019

Long before scientists fully understood how important the Everglades are to Florida's weather and ecosystem, Marjory Stoneman Douglas campaigned to preserve them. Learn about this journalist and activist in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Really Punch an Animal in the Nose If Attacked? Aug 29, 2019

Rumor has it that a jab to the nose will stop anything from a shark to a bear from attacking you, but how effective would that really be? Learn the circumstances under which nose punching might actually help in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Are Animal and Plant Cells Different? Aug 28, 2019

The cells that make up plants and animals are incredibly similar considering how different a carrot is from a corgi. Learn the small factors that make all the difference in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Aging Always Increase Risk of Death? Aug 27, 2019

For most mammals, aging increases our probability of dying -- it seems like a given. Learn about one animal, the naked mole rat, for which age has no impact on mortality in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the World's Biggest Food Fight? Aug 26, 2019

On the last Wednesday in August every year, up to 30,000 people participate in La Tomatina, a massive tomato fight in Buñol, Spain. Learn how it goes down in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Building Muscle Important for Everyone? Aug 23, 2019

The fancy science word for building muscle is hypertrophy, but it's not inaccessible. Learn how hypertrophy works and why building muscle keeps us healthy in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can You Do If Your U.S. Money Gets Mangled? Aug 22, 2019

Shredded, chewed, exhumed, or burnt American bills aren't necessarily lost -- a service of the Department of Treasury may reimburse you for their cash value. Learn about the Mutilated Currency Redemption Service in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Fish & Chips Become England's National Dish? Aug 21, 2019

Light and tender fried fish plated with crisp fried potatoes is a classic English comfort meal, but it's only a little over a century old. Learn the history of fish and chips in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the Ocean Different Colors? Aug 20, 2019

Ocean water can appear many dazzling shades of blue and green depending on where you are. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Starling Murmurations Work? Aug 19, 2019

Starlings flock in swooping, harmonious groups of thousands of birds called murmurations. Learn how these birds pull off such an amazing feat through simple actions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Sparkling Water Good For You? Aug 16, 2019

More people are drinking fizzy water, both plain and in a boggling array of flavors. Learn about the different types of sparkling water and what you should watch out for in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is There a Rhino-Shaped Cave in Washington State? Aug 15, 2019

Yes, there’s a cave shaped like a rhinoceros in Washington State. Learn how it was created and discovered in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Many Trees Would We Need to Plant to Slow Climate Change? Aug 14, 2019

Trees pull and store carbon, but lots of land that could support them is deforested. Learn how researchers think planting trees could help mitigate climate change in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Aren’t There Female CPR Mannequins? Aug 13, 2019

Research shows that women are less likely to receive CPR when they need it, and fixing that might require introducing training mannequins with breasts. Learn about a project that’s trying to help in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Beaches Need Seashells? Aug 12, 2019

Seashells are a pretty sight on beaches, but it turns out that they play an important role in seaside structures and ecosystems. Learn why -- and why shell poaching is a problem -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of Paternity Testing? Aug 09, 2019

Humans have only very recently developed scientific ways of proving who a child's biological father is, but that didn't stop us from trying beforehand. Learn the weird history of paternity tests in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Blue Whales Work? Aug 08, 2019

The blue whale is the largest known animal to ever grace the planet -- they may be twice as big as Megalodon was! Learn what science knows (and doesn't know) about blue whales in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Peyote? Aug 07, 2019

In brief, peyote is a cactus with hallucinogenic properties that's been used in religious ceremonies for centuries. Learn how it works and why it's endangered in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does America Use Fahrenheit Instead of Celsius? Aug 06, 2019

Most of the rest of the world uses the Celsius scale to describe temperature, but the U.S. uses Fahrenheit. Learn the origins and histories of these two scales in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Are Ethnicity and Race Different? Aug 05, 2019

The concepts of ethnicity and race are both human inventions with no basis in science, but these concepts have huge impacts on us and our world. Learn the difference between ethnicity and race in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Baader-Meinhof Phenomenon? Aug 02, 2019

Also called the frequency illusion or recency illusion, the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon occurs when you learn something new, then notice instances of it everywhere. Learn how it works and how it got its name in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Frozen Zoo DNA Stave Off Species' Extinction? Aug 01, 2019

As human civilization encroaches on wild animals' habitats, some face extinction. Learn how researchers hope to someday use frozen DNA sample taken from zoo animals to replenish wild populations in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Hippocampus Work? Jul 31, 2019

Without the hippocampus, our brains have serious trouble recalling and recording certain types of long-term memories. Learn how this brain structure works in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Permafrost Really Permanent? Jul 30, 2019

Despite its name, permafrost doesn't necessarily last forever -- and when it melts, it can have a negative effect on the environment. Learn how permafrost works (and how it preserves long-dead creatures so well) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Coroners and Medical Examiners? Jul 30, 2019

These two types of professional death investigators often work together, but their jobs are usually distinct. Learn the difference in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Animals Get Their Scientific Names? Jul 26, 2019

The person who discovers a new species gets to name it -- but what do 'new' and 'discover' mean here? And do all names get approved? Learn how scientific naming and taxonomy work in this episode of BrainStuff (plus, meet a fish named after Greedo).

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Should You Rent Grass-Mowing Goats? Jul 25, 2019

Goats were the original weed wackers, and they're still super effective at controlling lawns and brush today. Learn why they're gaining popularity again in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Will Exploring Saturn's Moon Titan Be Different? Jul 24, 2019

NASA recently announced that they're sending a rotorcraft to explore Saturn's giant moon Titan from the land and air. Learn how the Dragonfly mission will be different than other otherworldly explorations in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does the Military Teach a Sleep Meditation Technique? Jul 23, 2019

According to the guy who popularized a famous meditation technique for getting to sleep fast, the results are excellent. Learn its history and how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Food Forests Help Fight Hunger? Jul 23, 2019

Food forests are free, edible community gardens that make the most of the land by following nature's lead on design. Learn how they work and how they may help end food deserts in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Birds Sing? Jul 19, 2019

Birds are the only creature in the world that have the specially evolved organ called the syrinx, and it's what lets them sing. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Tidal Bores Work? Jul 18, 2019

Tidal bores are huge, fast waves that travel the wrong way up rivers, and they only form during very specific circumstances. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Could Hypersonic Missiles Work? Jul 17, 2019

There's a new global arms race: to build missiles that could travel at hypersonic speeds. Learn where the technology stands and what it might be capable of in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Health-Helpful Is Turmeric? Jul 16, 2019

Adding turmeric to recipes and taking supplements with it (or its active ingredient, curcumin) has become a global trend. Learn what science has to say about turmeric's medicinal properties in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do We Find Asteroids Inside Earth's Orbit? Jul 15, 2019

Although researchers think we've found most large asteroids whose orbits bring them near Earth, some are still surprising us. Learn why -- and how we find them -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Live Without a Working Amygdala? Jul 12, 2019

The amygdala is a part of the brain that handles fear -- so would having one that doesn't fully function be a good thing or a bad thing? Learn about how fear hurts and helps us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier? Jul 11, 2019

American soldiers have stood guard over the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every minute of every day since July 2, 1937. Learn what this monument means and who's interred there in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was History's Most Successful Pirate? Jul 10, 2019

In the early 1800s, a woman known as Mrs. Cheng or Ching Shih commanded the world's largest-ever pirate crew -- and she managed to retire and live a long, peaceful life. Learn about Mrs. Cheng's pirate empire in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Raw Milk Better Than Pasteurized Milk? Jul 09, 2019

Proponents of raw milk (that is, milk that isn't pasteurized or homogenized) say it's healthier and tastes better, but the U.S. government still classifies raw milk as potentially hazardous. Learn both sides of the issue in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Cats Chase Laser Pointers? Jul 09, 2019

Something about the bright dot of a laser pointer is irresistible to many cats -- but why? And does this kind of play provide good entertainment for cats? Learn about lasers and the benefits of play for cats in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Spaghetti Plots Help Predict Storms? Jul 05, 2019

There are as many ways to attempt to predict a storm's behavior, and none are perfect. Spaghetti plots help researchers visualize the probabilities of different predictions. Learn how they work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was Alan Turing, and What's the Turing Test? Jul 04, 2019

Alan Turing was the brilliant mathematician who designed a legendary test of artificial intelligence before computers as we know them even existed. Learn about his life and legacy in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Canned Food Really Worse Than Fresh or Frozen? Jul 03, 2019

Canning foods preserves them, but the texture and nutritive value can suffer -- and what about the potential dangers of BPA and botulism? Learn what's true and what's myth when it comes to canned food in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could the Electoral College Become Obsolete? Jul 02, 2019

U.S. presidents are voted into office by the electoral college, made up of representatives from each state. Learn how changing the way electors choose a candidate – from the state’s popular vote winner to the national popular vote winner – could change elections in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How (And Why) Do Chameleons Change Color? Jul 02, 2019

Chameleons don't change color to blend it -- they change to stand out. Learn how they create those colorful patterns in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Lactate from Areas Outside Your Breasts? Jun 28, 2019

Short answer: Yes. Ectopic lactation can occur when mammary tissue grows in different areas of your body. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Doesn't Alcohol Have Nutrition Labels? Jun 27, 2019

Alcohol contains calories and ingredients like any other beverage, but only rarely does its packaging list those ingredients and nutrition facts. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Alchemy Create Chemistry? Jun 26, 2019

Alchemists may have never turned lead into gold, but they did create the field of chemistry. Learn how the study of alchemy worked in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Has the Korean War Changed History? Jun 25, 2019

The Korean War began 70 years ago today, and remains unresolved. Learn how this war shaped the future of the powers involved in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Where's the Line Between Cultural Appropriation and Appreciation? Jun 24, 2019

The line between appreciating and appropriating someone else's cultural products can be a blurry one. Learn how respect and research can go a long way in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the U.S. Presidential Motorcade Work? Jun 21, 2019

The American president's motorcade includes multiple armored vehicles driving in a virtual ballet to ensure its passengers' safety. Learn what goes into creating the presidential motorcade in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Isotopes Work? Jun 20, 2019

Isotopes are variations on the same chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons. Learn how these variants can behave differently -- and why chemists, physicists, and paleontologists are all interested in them -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Was André the Giant Larger than Life? Jun 19, 2019

Professional wrestler and actor André the Giant had a reputation for kindness that outgrew his impressive stature. Learn about André Roussimoff's life and legacy in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Camel Spiders Harmless? Jun 18, 2019

Camel spiders have a fearsome reputation, but despite being large and fast, they're not a threat to humans. (Or camels. They're also technically not spiders.) Learn more about these fascinating creatures in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens If You Ignore a Subpoena? Jun 17, 2019

Subpoenas are orders that help courts and Congress obtain information necessary to cases and investigations -- and they're legally binding. So can you really ignore one? Learn what could happen if you do in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can the Same Animal Evolve Twice? Jun 14, 2019

Remote islands are excellent laboratories for observing evolution at work -- and in the case of a flightless bird called the Aldabra rail, we can observe how its evolution happened twice. Learn about iterative evolution in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is a Swedish Death Clean? Jun 13, 2019

We humans tend to accumulate a lot of stuff -- to the point that it's a burden on our mental health. Learn about a method for lightening your life (and removing a future burden on your loved ones) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is an Oligarchy (and Are We One)? Jun 12, 2019

An oligarchy is a society ruled by a few wealthy, powerful people – the media has applied the term to countries from Saudi Arabia to Brazil to the United States. Learn about oligarchies and whether the U.S. has become one in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Honey Badgers Really Like? Jun 11, 2019

The honey badger is internet famous, but it’s actually a fairly mysterious creature. Learn what we know (and don’t know) about honey badgers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does NASA Schedule Space Launches? Jun 10, 2019

To launch a spacecraft successfully, the stars (and moon, and planets) must literally align. Learn about all the factors that are taken into account to schedule a space launch in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Should You Bring Ear Plugs to Music Festivals? Jun 07, 2019

Of all the accessories you might think of bringing to a music festival, ear plugs might not be high on your list. Learn why they should be -- and how else you can prevent hearing damage -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could the Great Depression Happen Again? Jun 06, 2019

There were many factors that led to the depth and length of the Great Depression, but some of these mistakes are being repeated today. Learn what historians and economists are saying we should watch out for in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Clickers Save Lives on D-Day? Jun 05, 2019

Tiny, handheld boxes that make a sharp clicking noise saved countless American lives during the confusion of D-Day in WWII. Learn how they were used and what to do if you have one in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Dogs Experience Puberty Like We Do? Jun 04, 2019

Dogs do indeed go through emotional changes and gain independence during puberty -- it just happens within the first couple years of their life. Learn how you can help your 'teen' pup grow up in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Earthly Lava Structures Help Us Colonize Space? Jun 04, 2019

Tunnels made from lava flows in Hawaii and Iceland are being studied by researchers in fields from geology to astrobiology. Learn how these lava tubes could help us explore space and even find extraterrestrial life in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Bad Is Prison Food? May 31, 2019

Serving inmates low-quality food is cheap in the short term, but it can lead all kinds of health problems that prisons (and taxpayers) pay for in the long run. Learn how cheap American prison food is and why that's a problem in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did Victorians Collect Hair? May 30, 2019

In the mid-1800s, many people saved loved ones' hair -- but the collection of Peter A. Browne went much, much further than that. Learn why he thought it had scientific merit -- and why it actually does today -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Be Afraid of Wolf Spiders? May 29, 2019

Short answer: Nope! Although wolf spiders may sound (and look) fearsome, they're excellent helpers around your house, getting rid of more bothersome pests. Learn about wolf spiders in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Jane Goodall Get Her Start(s)? May 29, 2019

In July of 1960, 26-year-old Jane Goodall began setting up her field station at Gombe, which would become the site of the longest-running wildlife research project in history. Learn more about Jane Goodall's life and legacy in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are There Winners and Losers in a Trade War? May 28, 2019

On May 10, 2019, the Trump administration increased tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese exports from 10 percent to 25 percent. But what does that mean for the global economy? Learn about trade wars in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Many Legs Do Millipedes Have? May 24, 2019

Millipedes don't literally have a thousand legs, but how many do they really have? Learn about these fascinating arthropods in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Hazardous Is Peeing in the Pool? May 23, 2019

Urinating in chlorinated swimming pools isn't just sorta gross -- it's actually a health hazard. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Galaxies Exist Without Dark Matter? May 22, 2019

We previously thought that all galaxies form with the help of dark matter, but researchers just found a galaxy that doesn't seem to contain any. Learn why that's so weird and what it might mean in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why and How Are Documents Redacted? May 21, 2019

Court and other government documents are often presented with redactions -- that is, with some text blacked out or otherwise made unreadable. Learn how this is done -- and why -- in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Measles Reset Your Immune System? May 20, 2019

After the measles vaccine spread, researchers noticed that the death toll from many other diseases dropped. Learn how the measles destroys your immunity to other diseases, and why the vaccine is safe for most people, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Relative Humidity? May 17, 2019

Relative humidity can make pleasant temperatures unbearable (and vice versa). Learn why -- and what the dew point has to do with it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Transplanted Organs Be Reused? May 16, 2019

People who receive organ transplants often die with that organ working perfectly, but today, those organs are rarely retransplanted. Learn why -- and how some researchers are hoping to change that -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Agnosticism? May 15, 2019

Some people think that there are no effective differences between religious agnosticism and atheism, but the two standpoints are distinct. Learn how both work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Henry Ford's Feud with the Dodge Brothers Affect Businesses Today? May 14, 2019

The legal feud between carmakers Henry Ford and the Dodge brothers wasn't just deeply personal -- it changed the way Americans do business. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Has Anyone Been Buried on the Moon? May 13, 2019

Spoiler alert: Yes. But just one person. Learn who Eugene Shoemaker was and how his friends and family got him interred on the moon in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happened at America's Secret Atomic City? May 10, 2019

When the U.S. was building atomic bombs during World War II, it set up a secret city -- Oak Ridge, Tennessee -- to produce the uranium-235 it needed. Learn how this city worked and what it's used for today in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Some People Eat Dirt? May 09, 2019

The craving for and practice of eating earth is more widespread than you might think. Learn why researchers think people engage in pica (a.k.a geophagy) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the Blobfish Blobby? May 08, 2019

The blobfish has been voted the World's Ugliest Animal based on above-water photos, but its gelatinous features make it perfectly adapted for life deep in the ocean. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Does the Word 'Caucasian' Really Mean? May 07, 2019

Caucasian' is sometimes used to mean 'white', but the word comes from an old, incorrect scientific hypothesis and has been used to perpetuate prejudice. Learn why it would be better left in the past in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can Marsquakes Teach Us? May 06, 2019

Seismic activity has been recorded on Mars, and researchers hope to use the data to learn lots about the history and current state of the red planet. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Grocery Store Tomatoes So Meh? May 03, 2019

Many tomatoes found in large grocery stores are mealy and lack flavor. Learn why -- and what researchers are doing about it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Humboldt Ocean Current? May 02, 2019

This cold Pacific current runs along South America's coast, creating some of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Learn how it works and who it was named for in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Controversy Behind 'Mary Had a Little Lamb'? May 01, 2019

No, it's not the lyrics -- the author of this nursery rhyme is what's in question. Learn why -- and how Henry Ford is involved -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Often Should You Change Your Oil? Apr 30, 2019

You may have heard differing advice on how often to have your car's oil changed. Learn how to figure out what's right for you and your car in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Were Some Viking Warriors Women? Apr 30, 2019

The bones of what appears to be high-ranking Viking warrior have been proven to belong to a genetically female person. Learn the story behind this ancient grave and its occupant in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Can All Plants Be Preserved in Seed Banks? Apr 26, 2019

Seed banks ensure that in case of disaster, Earth's plant life can be regrown from stored seeds -- but it turns out that lots of plants can't withstand conventional storage. Learn how researchers are working to solve this in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Truly Unselfish Acts Really Exist? Apr 25, 2019

Neurologists and philosophers alike may argue that altruism doesn't exist because no act is ever completely unselfish. Learn why -- and why humans may have evolved this way -- in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Unlikely Is a Hole-in-One? Apr 24, 2019

If golf is hard (and it is), sinking a hole-in-one seems practically impossible -- but it does happen. Learn the odds of getting a hole-in-one in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do People Plagiarize? Apr 23, 2019

Everyone borrows and builds on other people's ideas, but plagiarism is outright stealing without giving credit. Learn why plagiarism hurts both parties -- and how it might be stopped -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can an Image of a Black Hole Teach Us? Apr 22, 2019

Researchers have rendered the first-ever image of a black hole. Learn how they did it and how it helps prove Einstein right in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Did NASA's Twin Study Find? Apr 19, 2019

NASA has been following intercellular changes in the bodies of an astronaut and his Earth-faring twin. The results are in! Learn what they found, and what further research is needed, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the Emu War? Apr 18, 2019

Following World War II, Australia became embroiled in another war -- with a population of emu. Learn how the Emu War unfolded in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Weird Pets Have Lived in the White House? Apr 17, 2019

Dogs and cats aren't the only pets presidents have kept. Learn about some of the strangest presidential pets -- from a raccoon to alleged alligators -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Paleoartists Create Dinosaur Drawings? Apr 16, 2019

Short answer: Very carefully. Learn about the history and modern practices of paleoart in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Modern Cars Still Need Tuneups? Apr 15, 2019

Regular tuneups can keep some car engines running safely and smoothly, but the engines of most modern cars don't need them. Learn how car maintenance has changed in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Opossums Awesome? Apr 12, 2019

They eat trash and they look a little freaky, but the North American opossum is a smart, clean, disease-fighting, and all-around fascinating creature. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What If the Meteor that Helped Wipe out the Dinosaurs Had Missed Earth? Apr 11, 2019

After the Chicxulub meteor hit what's now the Yucatan Peninsula about 65 million years ago, over half of the species living on Earth went extinct. Learn how prehistory may have unfolded without the Chicxulub impact in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Windowless Airplanes the Future of Flight? Apr 10, 2019

The view out an airplane window is one of the perks of flying, but some airlines are experimenting with windowless planes -- and advanced digital displays. Learn how these planes hope to deliver better-than-real views in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can a Medicine's Inactive Ingredients Be Harmful? Apr 09, 2019

Though we take medicines for their active ingredients, the inactive ones can affect us, too -- from allergens to sugars to animal-based gelatin capsules. Learn how a compounding pharmacy can help in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Common Is Postpartum Depression in Dads? Apr 08, 2019

Men can experience postpartum depression, too. Learn why researchers think it happens -- and why it's so important to get treatment -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Cramming the Worst Way to Study? Apr 05, 2019

Cramming for a test or other deadline may give you decent short-term results, but research shows it sacrifices long-term comprehension and memory. Learn why study methods like spacing and interleaving are better in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does the Pollen Count Work? Apr 04, 2019

Your local weather report may include a pollen count, but what does that mean, and how do they calculate it? Learn the science behind this sneeze factor in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Don't Snakes Have Legs? Apr 03, 2019

Some snakes still carry the genes necessary to grow legs -- so why don't they? Learn how snakes may have lost their legs, evolutionarily speaking, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Mail Carriers Get Their Routes? Apr 02, 2019

Delivering mail to all 372 million Americans along all 214,000 postal routes is no easy task. Learn how the U.S. Postal Service designs those routes in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can Babies See in the Womb? Apr 01, 2019

A human fetus doesn't develop retinas until around gestational week 28. Learn how researchers have tried to figure out what babies can see in the few remaining weeks before they're born in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should We Retest Licensed Drivers Periodically? Mar 29, 2019

Although some driving skills can deteriorate with age, experienced drivers tend to be the safest drivers. To an extent. Learn when and how experts think drivers should be retested in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why is Horseshoe Crab Blood So Expensive? Mar 28, 2019

Horseshoe crab blood is one of the most valuable fluids on Earth due to it's ability to detects endotoxins released by bacteria. But what does this mean for the species? Learn what the future may hold for these primitive animals in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Could California Get an Autobahn? Mar 27, 2019

California legislators are considering creating speed-limit-free areas on some of their roadways. Learn how this might work (and why it might NOT work) on today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Mandela Effect? Mar 26, 2019

When many people share a false memory, that's the Mandela Effect in action -- but how does it happen? Learn how our individual brains misremember stuff and how false memories can spread in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to Donated Blood? Mar 25, 2019

After you donate blood, it goes through a complex system of testing, processing, and storage before it can be delivered to patients who need it. Learn how the system works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Would 'Medicare for All' Really Mean? Mar 22, 2019

Some liberal U.S. politicians are promoting concepts of 'Medicare for All'. Learn how these proposals are different than the current American health care system (and how they compare to other countries' systems) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Cashmere Cost So Much? Mar 22, 2019

Cashmere can be more expensive than other wools because producing it is such an intensive process -- for the goats that grow it and the humans who care for them. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Sealab Work? Mar 20, 2019

In the 1960s, advances in technology allowed brave aquanauts to explore deeper into the ocean than ever before, but the project was shut down. Learn how Sealab worked -- and how that technology is still used today -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can Earth's Deserts Teach Us About Martian Life? Mar 19, 2019

To prepare for the search for microbial life on Mars, researchers are probing some of the harshest environments on Earth -- like the Atacama Desert. Learn how this work will inform future space missions in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did Desi Arnaz Change Television? Mar 18, 2019

Lucille Ball's ex-husband wasn't just her 'I Love Lucy' co-star and writing partner -- Desi Arnaz changed the way television is produced and watched. Learn about his contributions to the industry in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Our Galaxy Warped? Mar 15, 2019

Our galaxy isn't a flat disk -- it's warped like melted vinyl record. Learn how researchers discovered this and why they think it happened in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Can an Insurance Company Label an ER Visit 'Avoidable'? Mar 14, 2019

A U.S. insurance companies has started cracking down on expensive emergency room visits by labeling some 'avoidable' and kicking the bills to the patients. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History (and Future) of Toilets? Mar 13, 2019

The 'modern' toilet was invented in the 1700s. So what was it like in the past, and how could we improve on it in the future? Learn more about waste technologies in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are We Living in a New Epoch? Mar 12, 2019

Some geologists say that humans have had a big enough impact on the Earth that we should declare a new epoch -- the Anthropocene. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Are Airlines Cracking Down on Emotional Support Animals? Mar 11, 2019

Emotional support animals are a real and useful therapy tool, but not all of them are trained to deal with the crowds and stresses of air travel. Learn what airlines can and can't do to prevent accidents in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can the Fear of Public Speaking Be Conquered? Mar 08, 2019

As many as 7 in every 10 Americans have a fear of public speaking. Learn how this type of social anxiety develops -- and what you can do to fight it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Long Can Animals Hold Their Breath? Mar 07, 2019

Humans tend to max out at a couple minutes of breath holding, but some air-breathing reptiles and even mammals have evolved to spend extreme lengths of time underwater. Learn how long (and how they manage it) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's in Movie Theater Popcorn? Mar 06, 2019

The salty, buttery popcorn sold in movie theaters is nigh irresistible, but there's zero butter involved. Learn what it's made of in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is NASA Going Back to the Moon? Mar 05, 2019

NASA is planning a new series of moon missions, with the goal of sending astronauts back by 2028. Learn what they're hoping to build and study there in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Do Sandman Myths Come From? Mar 04, 2019

People have been telling stories about the Sandman -- named for his magic sand, which you may find crusting your eyelashes when you wake up -- for centuries. Learn some of the oldest known stories and how they may have emerged in today’s BrainStuff.

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How Has the HANS Device Improved Car Racing? Mar 01, 2019

The HANS device supports a driver's head and neck in the event of a race car crash, saving lives. Learn its history in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Have We Hit Peak Recycling? Feb 28, 2019

Recycling rates seem to have plateaued in the United States, which is bad news for the environment. Learn why this happened -- and what might be done to help fix it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Flying Squirrels Glow Hot Pink in UV Light? Feb 27, 2019

As it turns out, most flying squirrels glow hot pink in ultraviolet light. Learn what researchers think may be the reason in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Help a Friend with Depression? Feb 26, 2019

We all know we're supposed to reach out to friends and family experiencing depression, but it's an intimidating prospect. Learn how to get a conversation started in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Isn't Arkansas Pronounced 'Ar-Kansas'? Feb 25, 2019

Kansas and Arkansas are spelled similarly but pronounced very differently. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can't 911 Find You If Lyft Can? Feb 22, 2019

Smartphone apps like Lyft and even Facebook seem able to identify our location with near-perfect accuracy, but the 911 emergency service still struggles. Learn why -- and what's being done about it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Really Happening on Plum Island? Feb 21, 2019

The research facility on New York's Plum Island holds some of the most dangerous livestock diseases known to humankind. Learn about its history (and uncertain future) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does a 500-Year Experiment Work? Feb 20, 2019

Bacteria can survive way longer than humans under the right conditions, so a team of researchers designed an experiment on microbes that will take 500 years to complete. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Be Squatting More? Feb 19, 2019

Short answer: Yeah, probably. Most Westerners have traded squatting for sitting and standing, to the detriment of our backs and joints. Learn the benefits of a good squat -- and how you can incorporate them into your day -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Did the Opportunity Rover Teach Us? Feb 19, 2019

After 15 years, NASA has officially ended the mission of the Mars rover Opportunity. Learn what the little-robot-that-could helped us discover about the planet (and interplanetary missions) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Was Earth's Oldest Rock Found on the Moon? Feb 15, 2019

The oldest known intact Earth rock was collected on the moon in the 1970s. Learn how researchers think it got there it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Genetics Grow a Square Tomato? Feb 14, 2019

Researchers have found genes that help determine the shapes of fruits and vegetables. Learn how this could (and couldn't) change what you see at the grocery store in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why a Gaggle of Geese? Where Do Collective Nouns Come From? Feb 13, 2019

About 500 years ago, creating clever collective nouns for groups of animals, objects, and people was trendy, and some of those nouns of assemblage stuck. Learn the history of this quirk of the English language in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are People Fascinated with the Number 23? Feb 13, 2019

Some people hold that the number 23 has near-magical significance, but how did this fascination start? And can mere coincidences have real meaning? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Sloths' Toilet Habits So Dangerous? Feb 12, 2019

Sloths only defecate once a week or so, and more sloths die during the process than at any other time. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Suburbs So Unwalkable? Feb 08, 2019

Many modern cities feature grided streets made for walking, but suburbs' wide, winding roads require cars to get around. Learn why, plus how it might change, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Up with the New 'Tesla Tower'? Feb 07, 2019

A company has built a tower in Texas that resembles Nikola Tesla's famed Wardenclyffe Tower. Learn what we know (and don't know) about it so far in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Whales Big (But Not Bigger)? Feb 06, 2019

Whales are some of the largest creatures on Earth -- but why? And why aren't they bigger? Learn a whale of a tale about ocean mammals in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Quinoa Unhealthy For Its Producers? Feb 05, 2019

Quinoa is hailed as a healthy, high-protein substitute for grains, but some reports have indicated that its popularity hasn't been good for the people who farm it. Learn why, and what researchers are doing about it, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Electric Cars or Gasoline-Powered Cars Faster? Feb 04, 2019

A car's quickness and overall speed depend on both the power of the engine and the way that energy is routed throughout the vehicle. Learn why electric vehicles can be quicker (but aren't as fast) as gas-powered cars in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Peat Bogs So Good at Preserving Human Remains? Feb 01, 2019

Human bodies buried in bogs can retain some features -- like perfectly preserved skin, right down to forehead wrinkles -- for thousands of years. Learn how this natural mummification process works in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Will Saturn's Rings Last Forever? Jan 31, 2019

Short answer: Nope! As it turns out, Saturn's rings are fairly new, and they'll only be around a while longer. Relatively speaking. Learn how researchers discovered this in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Don't Penguin Feet Freeze? Jan 30, 2019

Standing barefoot on a glacier, human feet would freeze solid -- but penguin feet are fine. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Light? Jan 29, 2019

Is light a particle or a wave? Or both? Or neither? Learn how humans have defined light throughout history -- including our best attempts today -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Many People Really Have Food Allergies? Jan 29, 2019

There's a lot of confusion over food allergies, intolerances, and other disorders with similar symptoms. So how can you tell the difference, and how many of us should be concerned? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We Save the World's Coral? Jan 25, 2019

Much of the world's coral is in danger, but a recently developed farming technique could help it regrow. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Coffee Drinks Often Have Italian Names? Jan 24, 2019

Many popular coffee drinks in America have Italian (or faux-Italian) names, but why? Learn the history behind these names in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can a Star Become a Giant Crystal? Jan 23, 2019

After our sun dies, it and many other stars will eventually crystallize. Learn how astrophysicists figured this out -- and how it works -- in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Footballs Fly Farther in Denver? Jan 22, 2019

Denver's Mile High Stadium sits a full mile above sea level -- is that distance really enough to make a difference in the air compared with other stadiums, and thus in how footballs fly there? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are the Dare Stones Forgeries or the Key to the Roanoke Mystery? Jan 21, 2019

In the 1930s, stones surfaced that might explain what happened to the settlers of the lost colony of Roanoke. Learn their story -- plus how modern science might help determine whether they're real -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could a Vaccine Help Save Honey Bees? Jan 18, 2019

Honey bees are dying off due to a number of dangers, including bacterial diseases. Learn how researchers are hoping to help these important pollinators in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the 'Green Book' Change Life for Black Travelers? Jan 17, 2019

Before the Civil Rights Act made racial discrimination illegal, black Americans faced even greater dangers while on the road. Learn how a Bronx mailman made travel safer and supported black entrepreneurs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Lobster So Expensive? Jan 16, 2019

Lobster hasn't always been a luxury -- and prices have the potential to drop again. Learn the history and politics behind these tasty crustaceans in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Biggest Building on Earth? Jan 15, 2019

To create the biggest-ever airplanes, Boeing created the biggest-ever building. (Before they learned to control the temperature, clouds formed near its ceiling.) Learn more about this mammoth structure in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Bruises Change Color? Jan 14, 2019

Bruises can turn a rainbow of colors before they heal -- but why? Learn the science behind color-changing contusions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Hemp Become America's Biggest Crop? Jan 11, 2019

New legislation in the United States allows farmers to grow hemp -- cannabis's non-psychoactive cousin. Learn why this could become big business in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of Nail Polish? Jan 10, 2019

The nail polishes popular today owe their existence to the automotive industry, but the history of nail colors and varnishes goes back millennia. Learn the history of nail polish in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Makes Some Lakes Explode? Jan 09, 2019

Given the right depth, temperature, and access to volcanic gases, lakes can explode and kill thousands in the process. Learn how these limnic eruptions happen in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Scorpions Glow Under Black Light? Jan 08, 2019

Scorpions light up a glowing green under ultraviolet light. Science isn't entirely sure how but has a few theories on why. (Y'know, aside from "Scorpions are metal.") Learn more about scorpions' fluorescence in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Skim Versus Whole Milk: Which Spoils Faster? Jan 07, 2019

Some food safety charts claim that whole milk goes off more quickly than skim milk, but the scientific evidence is mixed. Learn more about milk science in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Does Gasoline Smell So Good? Jan 06, 2019

Some of you are giving this episode title serious side-eye, but believe us: some other folks think gasoline smells excellent. Delicious, even. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Does Eating Before Bed Give You Nightmares? Jan 05, 2019

Popular wisdom holds that eating before bed -- and especially eating spicy or 'strange' food, however you define strange -- will doom you to nightmares. But is there any science behind that? Learn more in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the Earth Humming to Us? Jan 04, 2019

Our planet Earth produces a constant hum too quiet for our ears to detect, but researchers have finally captured a recording of it. Learn more about the sound, called permanent free oscillations, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Cold-Blooded Animals Survive the Winter? Jan 03, 2019

Reptiles and amphibians have all sorts of adaptations for surviving cold weather, even in places where temperatures dip below freezing. Learn how they manage the cold in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Restaurants' Michelin Stars Related to Michelin Tires? Jan 02, 2019

Receiving one or more Michelin stars is one of the highest honors in the restaurant industry. Learn how a tire company started this prestigious tradition in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Helium Make Your Voice Squeaky? Jan 01, 2019

If you take a pull of air from a helium balloon, you'll sound like a cartoon version of yourself for a few seconds. Learn why helium makes you so high pitched in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can We Make Better Resolutions? Dec 31, 2018

Humans have been making New Years' resolutions for millennia, but we're still bad at keeping them. Learn some science behind building better resolutions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Don't Humans Have Tails? Dec 30, 2018

Lots of other mammals make great use of their tales, so why don't humans have them? Learn about the science of tails in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Is There A Noise Loud Enough To Kill You? Dec 29, 2018

You've probably experienced a noise loud enough that it hurt your ears, but could a noise be so loud that it could actually kill you? Spoiler alert: Yes. Learn more in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Whales Have Pop Songs? Dec 28, 2018

Whale songs are eerie, beautiful, and -- as it turns out -- completely on-trend. Learn how humpback whales share tunes among herds in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Some Words Funny? Dec 27, 2018

Words like 'poop' and 'wiggle' are inherently humorous, and science may have figured out why. Learn what research has to say about why some words tickle us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Beer Foam Last Longer Than Soda Foam? Dec 26, 2018

Beer and soda both form sudsy bubbles when you pour them, so why does soda's foam dissipate while beer's forms a head? Learn about foam physics in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Exactly Are Frankincense and Myrrh? Dec 25, 2018

Frankincense and myrrh play a part not only in the story of Christmas, but in lots of other religious traditions as well -- and a few practical ones, too. Learn more about these aromatic substances in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Christmas Trees That Shape? Dec 24, 2018

Most of the trees decorated for Christmas don't naturally grow in a perfect cone shape -- so how do they get that way, and why did we decide on that shape in the first place? Learn about the history of Christmas trees in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Holly a Christmas Decoration? Dec 23, 2018

Why exactly do folks deck the halls with boughs of holly during the Christmas season? Learn about the history and legends behind holly in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Accents Work? Dec 22, 2018

Everybody has an accent -- some are just considered neutral by native speakers. Learn how accents develop and how they influence us in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens When Elevator Cables Break? Dec 21, 2018

Elevators cables are inspected on the regular, but what happens when one breaks? Learn about the ingenious systems that keep elevators safe when even the worst happens in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Sing in the Shower? Dec 20, 2018

It's somewhere between tempting and inevitable to break into song in the shower. But why? Learn about the psychology and physiology of shower singing in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Palm Oil in So Many Things? Dec 19, 2018

Palm oil is in lots of foods, cosmetics, and household products -- and that's a very serious thing. Learn the problems (and solutions) that palm oil presents in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Dogs Get Embarrassed When We Put Them in Costumes? Dec 18, 2018

The photos on social media are arguably the cutest, but how do dogs feel when we dress them up? Can dogs feel emarrassment? Learn what science has to say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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When We Lose Weight, Where Does It Go? Dec 17, 2018

When we lose weight, it doesn't just vanish. Learn how our bodies shrink fat cells in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is The Oldest Living Thing? Dec 16, 2018

To be fair, the answer to this question depends on what you consider 'living' and 'thing' to mean. Learn a few possible answers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Sleep? Dec 15, 2018

We spend somewhere around a third of our lives sleeping, but why? Learn what happens when you sleep (and what happens when you don't) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Stop Signs Red? Dec 14, 2018

Stop signs were always the red octagons we know today -- so how was the color chosen, and why has it stuck? Learn about the history and psychology of red traffic signals in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Is Krampus? Dec 13, 2018

This horned holiday demon has entered our pop culture consciousness, but where do Krampus legends come from? Learn about the history of Krampusnacht in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Have Funerals Changed Since the '60s? Dec 12, 2018

The ways we think about funerals are bound to change over time, but the 1960s was a real turning point. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Neanderthals Laugh? Dec 11, 2018

Neanderthals were more like us than we previously thought, but could they laugh? Learn why researchers think they could in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Gelatin Work? Dec 10, 2018

Gelatin makes Jell-O wiggle and provides texture to all sorts of products, but what is it made of? Learn what's happening on a molecular level when you use gelatin in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do People Go Bald? Dec 09, 2018

Humans are one of the only mammals to commonly experience balding. Learn the science behind thinning hair in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do You Hate the Sound of Your Own Voice? Dec 08, 2018

Your voice sounds different in recordings than it does to your own ears, but why? Learn the science behind this phenomena in today's classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do We Define the Kilogram? Dec 07, 2018

The kilogram used to be measured against an agreed-upon chunk of metal stored in France, but no longer. Learn the new measure of this standard unit of measurement in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can I Donate My Brain to Science? Dec 06, 2018

Researchers, like zombies, are interested in brains of all kinds. Learn a few basics about how donating your brain to science works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Cheap Magnets Help Save Sharks? Dec 05, 2018

The fishing industry accidentally kills millions of sharks every year, but researchers think they've found a seriously inexpensive solution. Learn how it could work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Test Middle Schoolers' Fitness? Dec 04, 2018

From the outdated Presidential Fitness Test to today's FITNESSGRAM, Americans have been giving standardized fitness tests to middle school kids for decades. Learn the past and present of these exams in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can Probiotics Really Do? Dec 03, 2018

Some claims make it sound like probiotics are a cure-all, but what has research found so far? Learn more about these supplements for your microbiome in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will Amazon's Corporate Megadeal Change How Business Works? Dec 02, 2018

Why are some politicians so eager for large businesses to set up shop in their districts? What are those businesses' real motivations in making selections? Learn what some researchers think about corporate megadeals in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the Meaning of Life '137'? Dec 01, 2018

Both scientists and mystics revere the number 137, but why? Learn the significance of this seemingly humble number in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the Inca Knot Language Work? Nov 30, 2018

The Inca never developed a system of writing, but they kept records and told stories through intricate knotwork. Learn what researchers know -- and what they're still looking to find out -- about Inca khipu in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Cheese Actually Make Wine Taste Better? Nov 29, 2018

Spoiler alert: Yes! Learn the science that makes wine and cheese go so well together in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did London Once Have a Train for the Dead? Nov 28, 2018

When a city's cemeteries start filling up, one solution is to take the funerary show on the road. Learn about London's Necropolis Railway of 1854-1941 in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Dogs' Paws Smell Like Corn Chips? Nov 27, 2018

Dog enthusiasts sometimes revel in how their pup's paws smell gloriously of corn chips, but what causes this scent? Learn the science behind Frito paws in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are E-Cigarette Liquids Safe? Nov 26, 2018

The flavorings added to vape liquids are considered safe for ingestion, but what happens when we breathe them in? Learn what researchers can and can't say about the safety of vaping in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Saliva Work? Nov 25, 2018

Your saliva is a serious multitasker -- it keeps bacteria at bay, helps you digest your food, and even makes your food taste better. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Fart? Nov 24, 2018

We all pass gas, but why? Learn what's happening in your digestive system when you fart in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Black Friday the Busiest Shopping Day? Nov 23, 2018

It's true that millions of Americans go shopping the day after Thanksgiving, but it's not the biggest shopping day of the year. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Turkey Really Make You Sleepy? Nov 22, 2018

You may have heard that the tryptophan in turkey causes holiday naps, but it might not be the real culprit. Learn some turkey science in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Best Way to Load the Dishwasher? Nov 21, 2018

Which way should the plates face? What about the silverware -- handles up or down? Do you need to pre-rinse? Learn how to make your dishwashing machine work its best in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Hot Food Seem More Satisfying? Nov 20, 2018

Warm foods can feel more filling than chilled foods, but why? Learn the possible explanations behind the cravings in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Apple Cider Vinegar Really Help With Weight Loss? Nov 19, 2018

Some proponents say that drinking apple cider vinegar is the 'secret' to losing weight. Learn what science has to say in this episode of BrainStuff. And hey, take care of yourself, OK?

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does LASIK Work? Nov 18, 2018

It’s one of the common vision correction surgeries accomplished with lasers, but how does it work? Is it really safe? Learn about LASIK eye surgery in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do You Really Need to Wash Your Jeans? Nov 17, 2018

It may seem like an obvious ‘yes’, but denim producers often recommend washing your jeans as little as possible — if at all. Learn why (and what they recommend instead) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Carrots Really Help Your Eyesight? Nov 16, 2018

Conventional wisdom says that eating carrots will give you better vision, but how true is that? Learn where the idea came from in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will Temperature Changes Make You Sick? Nov 15, 2018

When the temperature drops (or bounces), are you more likely to get sick? Learn the science behind the old wives’ tale in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Dogs’ Noses Wet? Nov 14, 2018

Dogs’ noses are often wet, but why? And does a dry nose mean your pup is sick? Learn what science has to say about dogs’ noses in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could We Build A Real Gundam? Nov 13, 2018

Science fiction tells us our future depends on giant, humanoid robots protecting us and punching monsters. But could we really build those machines? Learn how close we are in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Ice Get Cloudy? Nov 12, 2018

Water usually appears clear, but ice cubes and ice on lakes often looks cloudy. Learn what has to happen for ice to freeze clear (like black ice does on roads) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Silica Gel Work? Nov 11, 2018

What is silica gel? Why are packets of it included in lots of packaging? And what would happen if you ate it? Learn how silica gel keeps moisture at bay in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Causes Chapped Lips? Nov 10, 2018

For some, winter means a daily battle against cracking, peeling lips. Learn what causes this -- and what you can do to prevent it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Should You Answer When Asked 'What Are Your Salary Requirements'? Nov 09, 2018

It's a dreaded part of job interviews: "What did you make at your last job? What are your salary requirements?" Learn the science behind navigating this tricky topic in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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The End Of The World with Josh Clark Series Preview Nov 08, 2018

The End Of The World with Josh Clark is a 10-part podcast series on existential risks – threats that could bring humanity to a sudden and untimely end in the near future. Check out this preview, featuring a clip about our potential to spread from Earth. Listen and subscribe at Apple Podcasts, or on the iHeartRadio app, or wherever you listen to podcasts.

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How Effective Are Bulletproof Vests? Nov 08, 2018

Bulletproof vests have certainly saved lives, but exactly how bulletproof are they? Learn what they're made of and how they can fail to protect wearers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Yeti Just a Bunch of Bears? Nov 07, 2018

Genetics says "probably." In this episode of BrainStuff, learn what researchers found when they submitted supposed Yeti samples for genetic testing.

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Does Syncing Traffic Lights Reduce Traffic? Nov 06, 2018

Computer systems can indeed help traffic flow better by syncing stop lights' cycles. But how well does it work, and what does it take to implement? Learn how researchers hope to get you out of traffic jams in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does CBD Oil Really Work? Nov 05, 2018

Cannabidiol (CBD) oil, derived from cannabis, is being touted as a treatment for everything from migraines to insomnia. But how effective is it? Learn what research has (and hasn't) shown in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did a Family Feud Spawn Adidas and Puma? Nov 04, 2018

A battle between two brothers created the second- and third-largest sneaker companies in the world. Learn the story of the brothers Dassler in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Sea Cucumbers? Nov 03, 2018

Besides weird. Or, including weird? Learn some of the strangest features of sea cucumbers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did Fruit Evolve in Different Colors? Nov 02, 2018

Brightly colored fruit stands out against green leaves, but why is some red or pink, while others skew yellow or purple? And why are some fruits smellier than others? Learn what new research says about fruits' evolution in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Elephants' Skin So Wrinkly? Nov 01, 2018

Elephants have a thick hide that's wrinkled from birth, but why? Learn about the new research that's revealed the secrets to elephant skin in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Trick-Or-Treat on Halloween? Oct 31, 2018

The American practice of kids dressing up and demanding candy from neighbors on October 31st is fairly new, but it's based in centuries of evolving beliefs and traditions. Learn the history of trick-or-treating in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Any Superstitions Universal? Oct 30, 2018

Do you knock on wood or avoid particular numbers? People around the world adhere to superstitions to attempt to change their luck -- and some of those superstitions are remarkably similar. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Would You Really Stay Conscious After Being Decapitated? Oct 29, 2018

For everything we know about the human brain, consciousness is still mysterious. Could reports of people remaining conscious after being executed by decapitation be true? Learn what science has to say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Would Cannibalism Have Been Calorically Worthwhile? Oct 28, 2018

Our paleolithic ancestors ate people sometimes. But did they partake because they were really that hungry, or for some other, cultural reason? Learn what researchers think in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is the Winchester House Built So Strangely? Oct 27, 2018

We can't prove whether the Winchester Mystery House is really haunted, but it was definitely built for ghosts. Lean the story of how its strange construction was one woman's unending quest in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Carve Pumpkins Around Halloween? Oct 26, 2018

The tradition of carving jack-o'-lanterns around Halloween goes back centuries to a folktale about a stingy man who outwits the devil. Learn the tale (and why pumpkins weren't the original carving vegetables) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Make Our Monsters Cute? Oct 25, 2018

Pop culture loves making horrific figures adorable, from Cthulhu plushies to 'cute' Freddy Krueger costumes. But why? Learn what researchers think about the spectrum of cute to monstrous in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Would Psychic Powers Really Cause Nosebleeds? Oct 24, 2018

You've seen the trope: a character strains their psychic powers and gets a nosebleed to show for it. But would this actually happen if psychic powers were real? Learn the hypothetical science in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Were Unicorns Always Sweet? Oct 23, 2018

The modern image of the elegant, gentle unicorn is a relatively recent invention. Learn about the history of unicorn myths and legends in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Boomers and Gen-Xers Really Work Harder Than Millennials? Oct 22, 2018

Millennials approach their jobs differently than previous generations, but research shows it's not how they were raised -- it's a mark of their youth. Learn how age and generational differences intersect in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did People Once Rob Graves for Science? Oct 21, 2018

In the United Kingdom in the 1800s, anatomists wanted to study real bodies, but laws and cultural stigma made bodies hard to come by. Learn how the shocking Burke & Hare murder trials changed that in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Déjà vu Work? Oct 20, 2018

If you've ver gotten the strange feeling that you’re repeating an experience, researchers have about 40 theories for what was going on in your brain. Learn how déjà vu might work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Animals Survive Big Storms? Oct 19, 2018

Sadly, not all animals make it through major storms like hurricanes, but some have impressive survival skills. Learn how they manage in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Often Have Supreme Court Nominees Been Rejected? Oct 18, 2018

Many presidents' nominations of justices to the Supreme Court go through uncontested, but some have gotten seriously sticky. Learn the history of Supreme Court nominations in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Physics as We Know It About to Change? Oct 17, 2018

Newly researched cosmic rays seem to behave differently than the laws of physics say they should. Learn how this could help us fill in some blanks about our universe in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can't You Reach the End of a Rainbow? Oct 16, 2018

Rainbows may look like they touch the ground somewhere off in the distance, but it's impossible to find that spot. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Coconut Oil a 'Superfood' or 'Pure Poison'? Oct 15, 2018

Recent guidelines from the American Heart Association warn that coconut oil is not a healthy food, despite popular claims that it's a miracle worker. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Men Have Deeper Voices? Oct 14, 2018

Of course, everybody's voice varies, but in general male humans develop lower-pitched voices than female humans starting around puberty. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Sunlight Make You Sneeze? Oct 13, 2018

Sudden exposure to bright light makes some people sneeze -- but why? Learn the leading theory in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the First Computer? Oct 12, 2018

The first machine for computation was designed in the 1800s! Learn how its creators, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, set about inventing it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Blackface So Controversial? Oct 11, 2018

It may seem like folks make too big of a deal over blackface, but its history puts that outrage into perspective. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Our Bones Grow? Oct 10, 2018

We humans are fairly squishy, and we eat fairly squishy food. So how do we grow hard bones? Learn how it happens in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of Southern Biscuits? Oct 09, 2018

Fluffy biscuits are a cornerstone of Southern cuisine, but they're a relatively recent invention. Learn the history behind this baked good in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Could a Giant Squid Take Down a Submarine? Oct 08, 2018

Tales of squid attacking ships go way back, and there are some known instances of squid attacking subs, but could a cephalopod really take down a modern vessel? Learn what researchers think in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Ice Pops Called Quiescently Frozen Confections? Oct 07, 2018

You won't find the word 'popsicle' on the packaging for some ice pops -- instead, they're called 'quiescently frozen confections'. Learn why this sciencey term is used instead of the more simple one in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to Balloons When You Release Them? Oct 06, 2018

How high can helium balloons go before they burst? Do they always burst? Learn about the physics of escaped balloons in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? Oct 05, 2018

When concepts are as intertwined as weather and climate, it can be easy to mix them up. Learn the difference, and why it matters so much in discussions about the environment, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Was George Washington Almost King of the United States? Oct 04, 2018

Did the generals of the Revolutionary War really try to hand George Washington a monarchy? Learn the truth behind this slightly tall tale in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Nuclear Pasta? Oct 03, 2018

No, it's not radioactive noodles -- nuclear pasta is the term for weird material produced in neutron stars. Learn why astrophysicists are so interested in how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Would Happen If You Wrecked a Car on a Test-Drive? Oct 02, 2018

If you wreck a car during a test-drive, would you have to pay for it? Learn how car dealers handle this surprisingly rare occurance in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Milk Really Make Mucus Worse? Oct 01, 2018

There's a millennia-old idea that milk causes mucus production, and therefore that you should avoid milk if you're sick. Learn whether there's any truth to this snotty tale in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Get Hiccups? Sep 30, 2018

What's happening when you get hiccups, and how can you stop them? Learn how hiccups work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Printing with Sound the Wave of the Future? Sep 29, 2018

It's hard to print with stuff like liquid metals and living cells using traditional inkjet-style machines, but new tech that uses sound waves may make it easier. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Jupiter Have Water After All? Sep 28, 2018

Astronomers have long suspected that Jupiter contains lots of water, but they've never been able to prove it. Learn about the new research that could help -- and thus solve lots of questions about our solar system -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Is The Laughing Buddha? Sep 27, 2018

Statues of this jolly fellow adorn the register counters of many Chinese American restaurants, but he's not the Buddha. Learn about this Buddhist diety in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was The Great Pox? Sep 26, 2018

You've heard of smallpox, but what was the great pox? And did Shakespeare have it? Learn about the spread of (spoiler alert) syphilis in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Side Sleeping Help Prevent Snoring? Sep 25, 2018

Snoring can root from a number of causes, but sleeping on your side can usually help prevent it. Learn the science of snores in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Drink So Much Bottled Water? Sep 24, 2018

Water is essentially free, so why do Americans spend billions on bottles of it? Learn the history behind bottled water's popularity, from marketing to health scares, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do We Itch? Sep 23, 2018

The sensation of itchiness can be maddening. Learn what's going on in your nerves and brain when you itch -- and when you scratch that itch -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Movie Theaters Sell Popcorn? Sep 22, 2018

For millions of moviegoers, memories visiting the local theater automatically conjures the smell of popcorn. But this wasn’t always the case – so why, out of all snacks, did popcorn become #1 for film? Learn the history in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Alzheimers's So Difficult to Treat? Sep 21, 2018

Despite being a widespread condition, Alzheimer's is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Learn why (plus how researchers hope to make it easier) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Migrating Birds Navigate? Sep 20, 2018

Birds can migrate thousands of miles and back home again with no prior knowledge or assistance thanks to their superpowered vision. Learn about magnetoreception in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Pirates Really Talk Like That? Sep 19, 2018

One guy is responsible for what we think pirates sounded like. For Talk Like A Pirate Day, learn how Robert Newton changed the world in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Artists Hardwired To Be Poor? Sep 18, 2018

Research shows that artists' brains don't respond to monetary motivation the way that other people's do. Learn why this might be -- and whether it means we create types are doomed to poverty -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Hydrogen Peroxide Bottles Brown? Sep 17, 2018

Most hydrogen peroxide sold to consumers comes in opaque brown bottles. Learn why in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do So Many Price Tags End in .99? Sep 16, 2018

It’s very common to see the number 9 at the right end of a price tag. But why? Learn about the psychology of pricing -- and nines in particular -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Can't People Remember Being Born? Sep 15, 2018

You probably remember your last birthday, but not your first – or your zeroth. Learn why scientists think we lose those early memories in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Food Deserts? Sep 14, 2018

In the United States, 17.6 million American lack access to healthy food because there aren't any grocery stores or other establishments that sell fresh food in their area. Learn about food deserts and how we can fix them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Could We Get Into Space Without Big Rockets? Sep 13, 2018

Large rockets are great at getting delicate equipment (and people) into space, but at a huge financial cost. Learn about some of the potential alternatives to ground-launched rockets in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Dogs Love Rolling in Stinky Stuff? Sep 12, 2018

Dogs are pretty much guaranteed to find the smelliest stuff to roll in -- but why? Learn what may be behind this gross instinct in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Skin Tan and Freckle? Sep 11, 2018

When you freckle or tan, your skin is trying to protect you from damage. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do New Religions Take Root? Sep 10, 2018

Hundreds of new religions pop up every year, but only a few survive and become widespread. Learn why some religions have staying power while others don't in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Tattoo Machines Work? Sep 09, 2018

Tattoo machines (sometimes called tattoo guns) haven’t changed much since the 1890s because they’re such elegant devices. Learn how the most common types work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Hair Dye Work? Sep 08, 2018

Some hair dyes are basically fine-grained paint, but dyes that stick with you for more than a couple weeks physically and chemically change each hair. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can an Ancient Pregnancy Test Actually Work? Sep 07, 2018

An ancient Egyptian pregnancy test has been found to work with about 70% accuracy. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Playing with Toy Guns Lead to Violent Behavior? Sep 06, 2018

Some parents and advocacy groups recommend against allowing children to play with toys that resemble weapons, like toy guns. But is there any science to back that up? Learn about play, parenting, and aggression in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do You Stop Noticing Scents After a While? Sep 05, 2018

Smells seem to disappear after a while because our brains lie to us. Not maliciously -- they think they're helping. Learn about olfactory adaptation in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Cannabis Help Break Opioid Addiction? Sep 04, 2018

Medical marijuana is now FDA-approved for some uses even though it's still illegal federally. Some researchers and journalists, including Dr. Sanjay Gupta of CNN, believe it could help solve the opioid crisis. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of Lemonade? Sep 03, 2018

Who were the first people to drink lemonade? How did it turn pink? Learn the folklore behind lemonade in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Are Eye Boogers? Sep 02, 2018

The gunk that builds up at the inner corners of our eyes is residue of our eyeballs' protective coatings. Learn what it’s made of and why it turns to sand overnight in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do You Find Water In The Wild? Sep 01, 2018

In case you ever get stranded in the wild without an obvious source of fresh water, learn a few things you can do to collect some in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did NASA Send Sperm Into Orbit? Aug 31, 2018

Research on the International Space Station studies all aspects of how humans would fare on long space missions -- including reproduction. Learn about NASA's latest reproductive science experiments in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What States Failed to Become Part of the U.S.? Aug 30, 2018

There are a few United States that never were. Learn their stories in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Chimps Cleaner Than Us? Aug 29, 2018

A study investigating the microbes and bugs in chimpanzee beds versus human beds showed that chimps are cleaner than we are. Learn about the study's results in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Bad Is It to Run Your Car on Empty? Aug 28, 2018

Your car's empty-tank light can sneak up on you, and it's easy to put off filling up for another day. But are you damaging your car when you do? Learn why it's not good to run your car on empty in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Really Take Fish Oil Pills? Aug 27, 2018

Conventional wisdom has long said fish oil pills are a great nutritional boost, but recent research shows they don't have the cardiovascular benefits we once thought. Learn who should still consider taking them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Some People Faint At The Sight of Blood? Aug 26, 2018

Even though only 3-4% of people have a phobia of seeing blood, about 15% of people will faint at the sight. Learn why in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Do Crosswalk and "Close Door" Buttons Really Do Anything? Aug 25, 2018

Are the buttons we push to cross streets, close elevator doors, and nudge the office thermostat really connected to anything? Some aren’t! Learn how these placebo buttons (don’t) work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Breakup Bootcamp? Aug 24, 2018

We have retreats for everything else, so why not survival post-breakup? Learn how these camps hope to help the broken hearted, plus what emotional work they won't cover, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Squid 'Speak' With Their Skin? Aug 23, 2018

Squid can communicate via patterns they flash on their skin, and the way they create those patterns is stranger than anyone thought. Learn what researchers are learning about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Hangry a Real Emotion? Aug 22, 2018

If you've ever had to apologize for what you said when you were hungry, you may be comforted to know that hanger is real. Learn what causes is -- and how you can stop or even prevent it -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens When Hurricanes Hit Volcanoes? Aug 21, 2018

In a phrase: big bada-boom. Learn how hurricanes and volcanoes intensify each other in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Doctors' Biases Affect Health Care? Aug 20, 2018

Implicit biases change the way we act without us even realizing it, and doctors aren't immune. Learn how researchers are trying to help us all identify and change our unconscious biases in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Lucid Dreaming Work? Aug 19, 2018

Science has proven that we can be aware of our dreams while we’re in them. But can we really control our dreams? We break it to you gently in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Causes Red Eye in Photos? Aug 18, 2018

How can a camera's flash make your eyes glow red? Tune in to learn how it works -- and how to prevent it -- in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Yes, Your Dog Wants to Help When You're Upset Aug 17, 2018

Confirming what dog owners already know, new research shows that dogs really do want to help us when we're sad or upset. Learn how the experiments worked in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Head Scratching a Gesture of Thought? Aug 16, 2018

Some gesticulations come naturally -- scratching your head when you're thinking is so common that it's basically a cliche. But why? Learn what researchers have to say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Spending Money on Experiences Save the World? Aug 15, 2018

Research shows that spending money on experiences instead of objects can make you happier, but can it make you a better person? Learn what scientists have found in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Nutrients Get into the World's Oceans? Aug 14, 2018

Phytoplankton are responsible for a lot of the oxygen we breathe, and their wellbeing is made possible by... deserts. Yes. Learn how the Saraha Desert and other dusty debris feeds our oceans in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Does the Real Magic: Magicians, or Assistants? Aug 13, 2018

The gender roles of traditional stage magicians and 'lovely assistants' can seem outdated, but behind the scenes, the work has always been pretty equal. Learn how being a magician's assistant works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Laugh Tracks Work? Aug 12, 2018

Sitcoms use laugh tracks all the time. But where do they come from? Do they really make us laugh along? Learn about the origins and psychology of laugh tracks in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads? Aug 11, 2018

Is this adorable behavior rooted in sensory necessity or purposeful gesticulation? We explore what may be the cutest research ever in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Books Smell So Good? Aug 10, 2018

Researchers have set out to catalog the scent compounds that make books and libraries smell so welcoming. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Train a Bee? Aug 09, 2018

Spoiler alert: Totally. Bees and other insects can learn, and thus be trained, using scents. Learn how they could sniff out everything from bombs to cancer in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What If Bandages Could Monitor Your Wound? Aug 08, 2018

Today's bandages work pretty well, but is it time for an upgrade? Learn how researchers are creating smart bandages in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Makes Stars Twinkle? Aug 07, 2018

On a clear night, the stars seem to wink and twinkle in the sky. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We Make Roads Out of Recycled Plastic? Aug 06, 2018

Plastics clog our ecosystems and our roads need maintenance -- could fixing one problem help solve the other? Learn how researchers are recycling plastics into useful materials in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Does Aspirin Work? Aug 05, 2018

How does aspirin target your pain? The plants that aspirin were derived from have been used as medicine for about 6000 years, we finally discovered how it works in 1971, and we explain it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do One-Way Mirrors Work? Aug 04, 2018

How can a single piece of glass look like a mirror from one side but a window from the other? Learn how materials technology makes it possible in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Different Species of Birds Understand Each Other? Aug 03, 2018

Birds and other animals can learn to "talk" to one another, and even work together to spread warnings about predators nearby. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Absurdly Big Numbers Be Useful? Aug 02, 2018

The bigger that numbers get, the harder they are for us to conceive of -- but that doesn't mean they can't be useful. Learn about some just ridiculously huge numbers in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Shouldn't You Hold in a Sneeze? Aug 01, 2018

Better out than in. Learn why a politely covered sneeze beats holding one back in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Did Our Ancestors Really Eat? Jul 31, 2018

Figuring out what foods were on ancient menus can be tricky, but a mummy called Ötzi the Iceman was preserved with his last meal still intact. Learn what scientists found out about his eating habits in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Recycled Urine Make Sustainable Fertilizer? Jul 30, 2018

Sports stadiums have a lot of grass that needs to be fertilized, and a lot of urine to dispose of. Learn how researchers are working to solve both problems at once in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Erasers Erase? Jul 29, 2018

Erasers lift our mistakes right off the page, but it's not magic -- it's the microscopic physics of stickiness. Learn how erasers work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: How Do Antiperspirants Work? Jul 28, 2018

Every day, millions of people safeguard themselves against excessive sweat with a quick roll of antiperspirant. But what does this stuff do, exactly? Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does It Feel So Good To Be Scared? Jul 27, 2018

Plenty of things are scary these days, so why do people pay good money to see horror movies and go to 'haunted' houses? Learn why psychologists say these fearful experiences are helpful in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Macronutrients and Micronutrients? Jul 26, 2018

Fitness enthusiasts often talk about macros and micros. Learn what they are and how much you should be eating in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Kind of Dinos Did Today's Birds Evolve From? Jul 25, 2018

The hypothesis that today's birds evolved from dinosaurs isn't new, but recent research has filled in clues about exactly how that happened. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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When Do Presidential Approval Ratings Really Matter? Jul 24, 2018

A president's approval rating may seem like just another number, but statistically speaking, it can have a huge impact on American politics. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the History of Toothpaste? Jul 23, 2018

Toothpaste actually predates the toothbrush in dental hygiene's history. Learn the long history behind this everyday item in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Hounds Have Floppy Ears? Jul 22, 2018

Sure, scent hounds' noses are powerful tools -- but their ears may be the secret to their success. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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BrainStuff Classics: What Is American Cheese Really Made Of? Jul 21, 2018

Process cheese, often called American cheese, is super inexpensive, consistent, shelf-stable, and orange. Learn how this science cheese is made in this classic episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Really Eat Activated Charcoal? Jul 20, 2018

Celebrities and Instagrammers have been singing the praises of activated charcoal as a health supplement, but why? Can it really help make you healthier? Learn the science behind the activated charcoal fad in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the Museum of Broken Relationships? Jul 19, 2018

Museums collect all kinds of art and artifacts -- this one collects pieces of broken hearts. Learn about some of the items and stories held in the Museum of Broken Relationships in this episode of BrainStuff.

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No, There's No 'Secret' Cure for Cancer Jul 18, 2018

Like many fringe theories, the idea that there's a massive conspiracy to conceal a known cure for cancer is mostly misplaced wishful thinking. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are Vampire Squid? Jul 17, 2018

Despite their name and their somewhat scary appearance, 'Vampyroteuthis infernalis' squid aren't blood-suckers. Learn why they're pretty cool anyway in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Close Are We to Recycling Carbon Dioxide Emissions? Jul 16, 2018

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of gasoline- and coal-burning engines, and it's a serious pollutant. But what if we could capture that carbon and recycle it into usable fuel? Learn why researchers say we're getting close in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Did the U.S.-Mexico Border Become Such a Flashpoint? Jul 13, 2018

The border between the United States and Mexico is at the center of much political and social debate in 2018 -- but how did we get here? How much crime really crosses the border? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did Victorians Think Green Tea Causes Hallucinations? Jul 12, 2018

We attribute lots of potential health effects to green tea, but the Victorians had a strange one: they thought it caused hallucinations. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Boys and Girls Bully Differently? Jul 11, 2018

From a young age, male and female bullies develop different ways of getting under their targets' skin. Learn more -- plus how to help kids combat girl-style bullying -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Robots Help Catch Poachers? Jul 10, 2018

Robotic animals can help law enforcement agents catch poachers in the act -- but only if the robots are convincing enough. Learn a few things engineers are doing to make their robots more realistic in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are We Still Discovering Human Organs? Jul 09, 2018

Some researchers are calling a previously overlooked type of tissue a new human organ. Learn what it does and why it was never identified before in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Who Was the First Fashion Designer? Jul 06, 2018

Fashion designers and their work are everywhere these days, from our closets to the runways. But one man started it all: Charles Frederick Worth. Learn who he was and how he created haute couture in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can We Prevent Suicides While Protecting Gun Rights? Jul 05, 2018

Over two-thirds of gun-related deaths in America are suicides. This stunning fact is bringing gun rights and gun control advocates together for a common cause. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could the Waterbed Make a Comeback? Jul 04, 2018

Waterbeds were a mainstay of opulent '80s culture, but why did they fall out of fashion? How have they evolved since then? Could they climb back from the pits of public disfavor? Explore in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Killing Ancient Baobab Trees? Jul 03, 2018

Spoiler alert: The answer is probably 'climate change' -- but some of the world's oldest and hardiest baobab trees are dying, and researchers aren't entirely sure why. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Feel Hungry When We're Not? Jul 02, 2018

Feeling hungry doesn't just happen when our bodies need calories (lots of things, from boredom to advertisements, can trigger hunger) and there's no one way that we feel hunger to begin with. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Boxer Crabs Use Anemones as Weapons Jun 29, 2018

Researchers have observed a species of crab clutching anemones and using them as weapons. Even weirder: The crabs clone their anemones. Weirder still: The anemones might be otherwise extinct. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Beaches Be Saved by Adding Sand? Jun 28, 2018

Beaches around the world are erode faster than we've ever seen. Some efforts to save them involve adding more sand from offshore -- but can that really work? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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When Will Arlington Cemetery Run Out of Space? Jun 27, 2018

The U.S.'s most honored national cemetery is vast, but it only has so much space -- and it's running out. Learn some of the proposed solutions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can the Fashion Industry Better Serve People with Disabilities? Jun 26, 2018

Finding something to wear can be especially challenging for people with limited dexterity or mobility, but some fashion designers are starting to change that. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Type 2 Diabetes Reversible? Jun 25, 2018

Although doctors have long believed that Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition, research shows that it can be reversed -- and that with work to maintain weight loss, former patients can live without medication. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Music's 'Word' for Death? Jun 22, 2018

Composers use musical references to classics in their own work to help create mood -- and as a wink at other music lovers. Learn how one such reference, 'Dies Irae', or 'The Day of Wrath', is often used in film soundtracks in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Copper Create Mummies? Jun 21, 2018

After anthropologists discovered a child's mummified hand, they discovered that a copper coin might be responsible for the preservation. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Dogs Use Facial Expressions to Communicate with Us? Jun 20, 2018

It seems that dogs make more expressive faces when humans are watching. Are they trying to communicate? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Life on Earth of Alien Origin? Jun 19, 2018

The idea that life on Earth was seeded from outer space is called Panspermia, and some researchers are looking into how (and when) it could've happened. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Cockroach Milk the Next Big Thing? Jun 18, 2018

The food industry has brought us all kinds of non-dairy milk alternatives, but researchers are working on what's arguably the weirdest yet: cockroach milk. Learn how (and why) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are We Moving Closer to 'Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'? Jun 15, 2018

We build memories through our experiences. But what if we could transfer memories to other people? It's happening -- in snails. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Microwaved Coffee Taste So Bad? Jun 14, 2018

Once a cup of coffee goes cold, it'll never taste the same -- but why? Learn the science behind the weird flavors of microwaved coffee in this episode of BrainStuff.

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The Man Behind Rube Goldberg Machines Jun 13, 2018

Who was Rube Goldberg, and how did he come up with his famously weird contraptions? Learn the history behind this classic American cartoonist in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Really Catch Up on Sleep? Jun 12, 2018

Good news, fellow weekend sleep-in-ers: recent research shows that 'catching up' on sleep on your off days can help you stay healthy. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Sea Spiders Breathe Through Their Legs? Jun 11, 2018

Sea spiders have way more leg than body, and scientists have never been able to pinpoint how they breathe -- until now. Learn what they found in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How One Blood Donor Saved Over 2 Million Babies Jun 08, 2018

A man with a rare antibody in his blood spent 63 years donating, and has touched millions of lives. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Spicy Food Burn Your Tastebuds? Jun 07, 2018

Hot chili peppers can make you feel like your mouth is on fire, but are they actually doing any damage? Learn about the science of spice in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could a Plastic-Eating Enzyme Help Save the Planet? Jun 06, 2018

We humans produce a LOT of plastics that wind up as harmful waste, but researchers have isolated an enzyme that may help reduce the problem. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Can't You Name Your Baby? Jun 05, 2018

The possibilities for a baby's name aren't quite as endless as they seem -- some national and local governments restrict what you can legally name your baby. Learn what some of those restrictions are (and why they exist) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to Red Carpet Dresses? Jun 04, 2018

After celebrities wear a gown to a glitzy award show or festival, it's often archived, but sometimes sold, reproduced, or even stolen. Learn the life story of red carpet fashion in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will the Paper of the Future Be Made from Poop? Jun 01, 2018

It might sound gross, but it's eco-friendly: Paper is made from plant pulp. Animals that eat plants excrete plant pulp. Learn why some researchers have high hopes for poo-pyrus in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Earth's Crust Have Its Own Tides? May 31, 2018

You've probably seen ocean tides making the seas rise and fall, but solid land has tides, too. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can You Be Your Own Twin? May 30, 2018

In a genetic condition called chimerism, DNA from someone else (an unborn twin, an organ donor, or even your own baby) is at work in your body. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Microwave a Steak to Perfection? May 29, 2018

While it may not be our first choice in cooking methods, yes, you can microwave a steak to a perfect medium-rare. Learn how, plus how microwaves work, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Turtles Have Shells? May 28, 2018

It seems obvious that turtles' shells would have evolved to protect them from predators, but researchers have found that they probably first evolved to help turtles dig. Learn what that's all about in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Does Uranus Stink? May 25, 2018

It's not a joke: Scientists have confirmed that Uranus stinks. Learn how they found out -- and why it's actually really cool -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Coffee Good or Bad for You? May 24, 2018

Will coffee really stunt your growth? Or give you heart problems? What about your teeth? Learn the truth behind common myths about that cuppa joe in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Snails Grow Their Shells? May 23, 2018

A snail's shell is its permanent home -- but how do these wee, soft, slimy creatures grow hard, beautiful shells? Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was Stephen Hawking's Final Project? May 22, 2018

Days before his death, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking finished what would be his final research paper. Learn about his last take on the multiverse in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is Popping Zits So Satisfying? May 21, 2018

Humans love popping zits so much precisely because it's gross. Learn about all the fascinating reasons why we find pimples so fascinating in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can We Save the Moai? May 18, 2018

The beautiful moai statues of Rapa Nui (aka Easter Island) are in danger from rising sea levels and erosion -- but what can be done to save them? Learn what researchers are saying in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should Airplanes Have Shoulder Seat Belts? May 17, 2018

Cars have shoulder seat belts to protect passengers, so why not large airplanes? Learn the physics involved, plus why buckling up on planes is important, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Easy Is It to Immigrate to the U.S.? May 16, 2018

From the way some people talk, it may seem like immigrating to America is simple -- but the wait list can actually be more than 20 years long. Learn more about how immigration works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Are the Most-Believed Myths About Our Brains? May 15, 2018

Over-simplifications about how our brains work abound, even among educators and neuroscientists. Discover what these myths are, and why it's important to fight them, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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City Birds Use Cigarette Butts as Bug Repellent May 14, 2018

Birds everywhere add insect-repelling plants to their nests, but urban birds have to get a little creative. Learn how cigarette butts help city birds stay healthy in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do We Define 'Suspicious Behavior' Without Bias? May 11, 2018

If you see something, say something' works great -- until racial bias and other prejudices enter the picture. Learn what some organizations are doing to fight those prejudices (and what you can do, too) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will Ants Rescue Wounded Comrades? May 10, 2018

Spoiler alert: Yep! Well, sometimes. In this episode of BrainStuff, learn how one African ant species nurses its wounded soldiers, yielding a surprising survival rate.

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What Is Red Snow? May 09, 2018

Snow usually appears white, but it can come in a few other colors -- and in the case of red snow, that vibrant color may be a warning from Mother Nature. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is Chinese Five Spice? May 08, 2018

Including 'tasty' and 'not necessarily made up of five spices,' Chinese 5-spice powder can be a lot of things, but it's all rooted in ancient medicine -- and philosophy. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Happiest Country in the World? May 07, 2018

The World Happiness Report usually ranks wealthy Nordic countries as the happiest, but what factors is it taking into account? Based on other data, Colombia and El Salvador come out on top. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's Chocolate's Carbon Footprint? May 04, 2018

We're not asking anyone to give up chocolate, but researchers have posed an important question: How can we make it more environmentally friendly? Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can a New Egyptian Dinosaur Fossil Explain How the Continents Formed? May 03, 2018

Scientists have figured out a lot about Earth's history, but there are still a few gaps. Learn how a dinosaur may help fill in one of those gaps in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Nuclear Weapons Testing Created New Minerals May 02, 2018

The heat of nuclear weapons is enough to melt sand into glass. Learn the story of trinitite, the glass from the first atomic test site, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Talking About Yourself in the Third Person Make You Feel Better? May 01, 2018

It can sound off-putting, but it turns out that people who talk about themselves in the third person may be giving themselves a mental boost. ("You're nailing this episode description, Lauren!") Learn why in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Happy Cows Really Make Better Milk? Apr 30, 2018

OK, 'happy' might be a stretch, but researchers are looking into how cows given positive interactions (like back scritches) grow and produce milk versus less-content cows. Learn what the results say in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Your Birth Season Determine Your Allergies? Apr 27, 2018

The season you were born in helps determine whether you'll have allergies, but science has never understood why. Learn what a team of researchers are discovering in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Shouldn't Compressed Air Canisters Be Shaken? Apr 26, 2018

Many spray canisters call for being shaken, but not compressed air. Learn how both types work (and the dangers of shaking the wrong type) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can't I Taste My Tongue? Apr 25, 2018

Your tongue is an amazing sensory instrument -- so why can't it taste itself? Many philosophers have pondered the same thing. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Was the First Killer Robot? Apr 24, 2018

Science fiction buzzes with evil robots and AI, but real-life machines are much less sinister -- if not less potentially deadly. Learn the real concerns (and possible solutions) about killer robots in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Our Tipping System Gratuitous? Apr 23, 2018

The way we tip and pay servers in North American restaurants fosters unfair and unequal paychecks for the whole staff. But it's so entrenched -- how can we fix it? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Were Fruit Flies the First Animal in Space? Apr 20, 2018

In 1947, U.S. military scientists launched the very first Earth animals into space: fruit flies. But why these diminutive bugs in particular? Learn about their trip to the final fronteir in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did an 19th-Century Man Predict Your Death? Apr 19, 2018

In the 1820s, an insurance actuary by the name of Benjamin Gompertz wrote an equation that reliably predicts when people are going to die. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the Human Brain Hardwired for Poetry? Apr 18, 2018

Poems activate different parts of the human brain than other types of literature do, and our brains seem hardwired to enjoy the patterns in poetry. Learn why this may be in today's episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to Wine Grape Waste? Apr 17, 2018

After winemakers extract grapes' juice, they're left with a lot of fruit skins and pulp. Learn what happens to all that goo in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are So Many People Nearsighted? Apr 16, 2018

By 2050, half the world will be nearsighted. Researchers tracking the spread of this eye condition (also called myopia) have a few hypotheses about why it's happening. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can a Plant Outsource Photosynthesis? Apr 13, 2018

Plants use photosynthesis to survive, but some plants outsource that job to other living things, like fungus. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much Electricity Can Urine Provide? Apr 12, 2018

Researchers have created pee-powered fuel cells that can light outdoor portable bathrooms. Learn how (and why) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Platypus Milk Fight Antibiotic-Resistant Disease? Apr 11, 2018

For everything that's weird and wondrous about the platypus, we probably shouldn't be surprised that its milk may help save countless lives, but here we are. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Diabetes Lead to Disordered Eating? Apr 10, 2018

People with Type 1 diabetes are more likely to experience eating disorders, and the consequences can be serious. Learn why, and what can be done to help, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Makes Durian Fruit Smell So Bad? Apr 09, 2018

Durian fruit is prized as a delicacy and staple -- and it smells like rotting. Learn how a group of cancer researchers mapped its genome to get to the bottom of this stench (and hopefully find something medicinally useful) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Gene for Infidelity? Apr 06, 2018

Some animals mate for life -- and others decidedly don't. Learn what researchers have discovered about cheating by studying voles and humans alike in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much Salt Is Too Much? Apr 05, 2018

You've probably heard you should cut back on salt, but we need it to survive -- we're hardwired to crave it. So why cut back? And how much is actually harmful?

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How Is New Laser Technology Discovering Ancient Ruins? Apr 04, 2018

Ancient ruins, long grown over by massive forests, can now be found painlessly -- all thanks to lasers. Learn how LiDAR techology is preserving forests and uncovering lost Mayan infrastructure in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Prozac Endangering Crabs' Survival? Apr 03, 2018

When we take medications, we sometimes excrete chemicals that get flushed into our oceans. In the case of fluoxetine (Prozac), those chemicals seem to be chilling crabs out -- which is bad for the crabs.

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Botox Exists Thanks to Bad Sausages Apr 02, 2018

Botox wrinkle therapy contains a tiny dose of a deadly bacterial toxin, but the story of how it was discovered is even stranger than that fact. Learn the history of botulinum toxin, plus how it's used in non-cosmetic medicine, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Your Face's Temperature Reveal Your Mood? Mar 30, 2018

Research shows that parts of a person's face grow cooler depending on their mood and stress level. Could this be used to help people in stressful jobs, like pilots?

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What's the Difference Between Eggs of Different Colors? Mar 29, 2018

Brown, white, blue, or green: Chicken eggs come in a spectrum of colors, but they all cook up the same. Learn what makes eggs different colors in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What's the Most Dangerous Air Pollution? Mar 28, 2018

The most hazardous air pollution may be particles too tiny to see, but it also may be easily avoided. Learn what researchers have found in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What If Cockroaches Went Extinct? Mar 27, 2018

Being surprised by a roach in your kitchen (which is very clean, thank you) can be enough to wish the whole genus would just go away. But what would the world be like if there were no cockroaches?

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How Did Spring Break Get Its Start? Mar 26, 2018

College spring break has brought millions of students to Southern beaches and cities to party, but how did this tradition get started? And what are the alternatives?

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Can Losing Sleep Make You Gain Weight? Mar 23, 2018

Research indicates that sleep is one of the many factors in how our bodies create, store, and burn fat. We explore (and offer a few tips for getting the most out of your sleep) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to the Unclaimed Dead? Mar 22, 2018

When people die without family, or without identification, their local government lays them to rest. Learn about these fascinating traditions and how they've developed over the centuries in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are the Oceans Salty? Mar 21, 2018

Seawater is salty because of several quirks in Earth's water cycle. Learn the reasons why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Technology Replace Animal Testing? Mar 20, 2018

Trying potential medical treatments on animals was once the best that science could do, but new technologies could make animal testing obsolete. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can We Recycle More, and Smarter? Mar 19, 2018

China has long bought waste plastic for recycling from North America and Europe, but their policies are changing. What can we do with a surplus of waste, and how can we make the situation better in the future?

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What Can We Learn from Fish about Walking? Mar 16, 2018

Some fish that strut the seafloor share a common ancestor with humans, so researchers are hoping that studying these fish could help us understand how we walk. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Technology Make Us Worse Drivers? Mar 15, 2018

Any high-tech car feature that takes your attention away from the road is a distraction, but are even our automatic safety systems actually making driving more dangerous? We explore in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Boogers Form? Mar 14, 2018

Snot is a crucial part of our immune system and sinus health, and boogers are a byproduct of that system. Learn how they form (plus, why eating them might be advantageous) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Mass Shootings Happening in U.S. Schools? Mar 13, 2018

Beyond the U.S. gun control debate, another question deserves examination: Why are schools so frequently the sites of mass gun violence in America? We explore the psychology and potential solutions in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Room-Temperature Pizza Safe to Eat? Mar 12, 2018

Leftover pizza can be an excellent snack or even a staple -- if it's treated correctly. Learn why refrigerated leftovers are safer than slices left at room temp, plus what toppings hold up best, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Better Alternative to Cash Bail? Mar 09, 2018

Cash bail punishes the poor by setting a high price on freedom -- literally. But are there any better alternatives that won't break local governments' budgets? We explore in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Cuttlefish Camouflage Is an Energy-Efficient Superpower Mar 08, 2018

Researchers have found that cuttlefish's ability to change their color and texture at will is even more impressive than previously thought. Learn why -- and how technology might copy these abilities -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where Did Middle Names Come From? Mar 07, 2018

Having a first, middle, and last name is common in the West, but this wasn't always the case. Learn the history of middle names in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Stars and Planets Nearly Spherical? Mar 06, 2018

Planets and stars are basically spheres, but why? We explore the science in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Female Praying Mantises Really Decapitate Mates? Mar 06, 2018

The female praying mantis: maneater or misaligned? Learn the science behind this popular semi-myth in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Humans Dream? Mar 02, 2018

The human brain is full of mysteries, and why we dream is a big one. Learn the leading theories about why we dream in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does Hot Yoga Need to Be So Hot? Mar 02, 2018

Do students of hot yoga, who practice at 105 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), reap more health benefits than room-temperature practitioners? Learn what the research says in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Humans Control Volcanic Eruptions? Mar 01, 2018

Spoiler alert: Not yet. But researchers are working on it. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Sea Turtles Are Hatching Up to 99 Percent Female Feb 27, 2018

A sea turtle's sex is determined by the temperatures in its hatching site, and global warming is making the Great Barrier Reef warmer than ever before. What could this mean for the future of sea turtles?

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Are We Getting Lonelier? Feb 26, 2018

Experts are divided on whether modern lifestyle factors, like social media use and smaller family units, are leading to greater lonliness. Either way: What can we do about it? We explore in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Human Waste Feed Astronauts? Feb 23, 2018

It sounds gross, but stick with us: Researchers are working on recycling astronauts' waste into food for edible stuff. Learn how (and why) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Autonomous Vehicles Break the Speed Limit? Feb 22, 2018

In the incredible future, robots may be able to drive your car -- but will they be able to speed? Today's self-driving cars can. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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An Ice Cream that Doesn't Melt Feb 21, 2018

Researchers and chefs in Japan have invented an ice cream that doesn't melt on sunny days -- and it's all thanks to deformed strawberries. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Used Books Spread Germs? Feb 21, 2018

Libraries are bastions of knowledge -- but are they also bastions of germs? Short answer: Nope! For the long answer, tune in to this episode of BrainStuff.

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Did Velociraptors Really Hunt in Packs? Feb 19, 2018

Did real-life raptors work together they way they do in 'Jurassic Park' movies? Do we even have the right raptors? Learn the leading theories in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Can Technology Help Stop Rhino Poachers? Feb 16, 2018

A database of rhinoceros DNA is helping catch violent poachers looking to sell rhino horns on the black market. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Magic Mushrooms Help Stop Depression? Feb 16, 2018

Although psychadelic drugs are largely recreational these days, scientists are looking into potential therapeutic uses -- especially in patients for whom nothing else works. Learn how psilocybin may fight depression in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can You Be Addicted to Love? Feb 15, 2018

Feelings of euphoria leading to obsessive behavior and potentially life-ruining decisions: Love can be as powerful as any drug. Learn how love affects the brain in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Automatic Toilets Waste Water? Feb 13, 2018

Automatic-flush toilets are supposed to be more sanitary, but does that come at an environmental price? Learn why phantom flushes happen and what the industry is doing about it in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Happens to Mardi Gras Beads? Feb 12, 2018

Festive beads are key to New Orleans' Mardi Gras celebration, but they're also causing a major headache to the city's sanitation department. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can People Be Allergic to Water? Feb 09, 2018

OK, it's not technically an allergy, but yes: People can have extreme skin reactions to water. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much of the Internet Is Underwater? Feb 08, 2018

Undersea internet cables connect continents and transmit virtual tons of data. Amidst concerns that these cables could be sabotaged, digital industry experts weigh in on this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are We in an Insect Armageddon? Feb 08, 2018

A recent study found that bug biomass has been steadily decreasing -- in some areas, we may only have 25% of the insects that we had 30 years ago. But what's to blame, and what could this mean for the future?

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What on Earth Are Skyquakes? Feb 06, 2018

There are plenty of potential reasons for a boom to rumble through the air, but skyquakes don't seem to be attached to any of the usual suspects. Learn more about these mysterious phenomena on BrainStuff.

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Do Vegetarians' Farts Smell Worse? Feb 05, 2018

Not all flatulence is created equal -- your diet has a huge impact on the gas you pass. So whose farts are smellier: vegetarians or omnivores?

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Are Wine Glasses Getting Bigger? Feb 02, 2018

People are drinking more wine than they used to. Could the ever-increasing size of wine glasses be behind this trend? Learn how today's average serving stacks up against history's in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should You Give Cats Milk? Feb 01, 2018

Pop culture often shows cats happily sipping saucers of milk, but giving a cat milk isn't actually the best treat for it -- or you. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Which States Get the Most Money from the Federal Government? Jan 31, 2018

Due to states' differing taxes and needs, some give the U.S. federal government far more money than they receive, and some receive far more than they pay. Interestingly, this tends to fall along party lines. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Astronauts React to Lunar Landing Conspiracy Theories? Jan 30, 2018

Fringe theorists sometimes question whether the 1969 moon landing actually happened. In this episode of BrainStuff, we explore how astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin have reacted when asked whether it's all a conspiracy.

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Could Drones Replace News Helicopters? Jan 29, 2018

Flying robotic drones equipped with cameras are a lot cheaper than helicopters for catching events as they happen. But they do have downsides. Could they really replace news choppers?

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Do Some Fabrics Make Body Odor Worse? Jan 26, 2018

Body odor happens when bacteria thrive in our sweat, so the ways your clothes deal with sweat can make a difference. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Is the 25th Amendment? Jan 25, 2018

With some reports questioning the American president's mental stability, some pundits have asked whether the 25th Amendment might be enacted to remove him. But what does this Amendment say, and what can it really do?

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How Did a Parisian Lemonade Craze Fight the Plague? Jan 24, 2018

While the black plague ravaged the rest of France, Paris remained relatively untouched -- and they may have had their fondness for lemonade to thank. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could Colonists Dig Up Ice on Mars? Jan 24, 2018

Spoiler Alert: Yes. Researchers have found nearly pure water ice just below the surface of Mars, in regions easy to reach by human explorers or colonists. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can the Speed of Video Make Us Look More Innocent or Guilty? Jan 22, 2018

Slow-motion video is often used to show jurors how a possibly criminal event took place, but is this practice fair to the accused?

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What Animal Has the Best Echolocation Abilities? Jan 19, 2018

Bats, dolphins, and other animals all use sonar to navigate, but the narwhal has them all beat, and it's thanks to narwhals' distinctive horns. Learn how in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Anxiety Cause Underarm Sweat? Jan 18, 2018

Anxiety can cause sweaty palms and armpits -- but why? And how can you combat it? Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Do (and Don't) We Know About the Pentagon's UFO Program? Jan 18, 2018

Over the years, the U.S. government has funded several programs that investigate alleged UFO sightings. How much does the public know about what they found?

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How Green Is Your Favorite Superhero? Jan 16, 2018

To draw attention to the average citizen's carbon footprint, a team of researchers calculated the eco-rating of a number of superheroes. Learn how they rank in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Doesn't Airline Food Taste Good? Jan 15, 2018

If you've ever noticed that airplane food is a little lackluster, the recipe isn't necessarily to blame. Learn how a plane's altitude and even engine noise can affect flavors in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Does Self-Defense Insurance Protect Gun Owners Against? Jan 12, 2018

Several organizations now offer insurance policies to gun owners who may fire in self-defense, to help with legal decisions and fees. But how does this affect the gun control debate?

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Could You Legally Bury Someone in Your Backyard? Jan 12, 2018

Home burials are largely a thing of the past, but they're perfectly legal in most states -- once you check a few boxes. Learn how home burials work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Bats Jam Each Other's Sonar? Jan 10, 2018

Bats use sonar to find food in the dark -- but they've got a lot of competition from other bats. Learn about echolocation and how bats go on the offensive in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What Tech Will Replace the Smartphone? Jan 09, 2018

Although it's an integral part of many people's lives today, the smartphone is bound to be replaced by the next big thing (and probably sooner than later). We explore what (and when) that might be.

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Did the Genes for Light Skin Colors Evolve in Europe? Jan 08, 2018

A widescale genetic survey has shown that despite common misconceptions, race really is only skin deep. Learn more in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much Can Ice Tell Us About Climate Change? Jan 05, 2018

Ice cores from glaciers are like fossils of ancient Earth's weather patterns. Tune in to learn how one such sample from Tibet may hold an important history lesson.

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Why Are Teens Cyberbullying Themselves? Jan 04, 2018

A new study indicates that some teens bully themselves online, posting hateful messages from fake or anonymous accounts. Researchers are looking into why, and how to help.

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Could Some Microbes Live on Air Alone? Jan 03, 2018

Researchers have found Antarctic microbes that appear to get all the nutrients they need from thin air. Could this change our search for extraterrestrial life?

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How Similar Is the Opioid Epidemic to the Crack Epidemic? Jan 02, 2018

The War on Drugs being waged against opioids is very different than the one that was fought against crack. Learn more about the politics of race and addiction in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are Resolutions So Easy to Break? Jan 01, 2018

Most of us break our New Years resolutions — and researchers have found a few reasons why. Learn how to build a better resolution with this episode of BrainStuff.

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Should Amazon Be Considered a Monopoly? Dec 29, 2017

Although it doesn’t fall into our traditional definition of a monopoly, some researchers argue that Amazon’s scope calls for a new definition. Learn why in this episode.

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Could This Newly Discovered Planet Harbor Life? Dec 28, 2017

An Earth-sized planet only 11 light years away might have the right conditions to sustain life as we know it, despite its star having some strange qualities.

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How Long Have We Been Keeping Dogs on Leashes? Dec 27, 2017

A new find of very old artwork depicts dogs wearing leashes. Learn more about our history with man’s best friend in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Much Cardboard Does Online Shipping Use? Dec 26, 2017

Online shipping is highly convenient, and it’s changing the way we use cardboard — but not necessarily for the worse. Learn why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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The Tale of the Christmas Truce Dec 25, 2017

What was the Christmas Truce? Tune in to learn the story behind this small miracle from the Great War.

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What Can a Cache of Pterosaur Eggs Teach Us? Dec 22, 2017

A huge cache of ancient pterosaur eggs has been unearthed in China. Learn what this find can tell us about these flying contemporaries of dinosaurs in this epiosde of BrainStuff.

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Could You Outrun a Volcano? Dec 21, 2017

Outrunning a volcanic eruption, like many things that look easy in movies or sound simple in theory, is more complicated in reality. Learn why you shouldn't attempt this feat in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Will Bitcoin Remain the Biggest Cryptocurrency? Dec 20, 2017

Bitcoin's booming value has everyone excited, but some financial experts are putting their money on other cryptocurrencies. Learn about the potential future of Bitcoin in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is There a Real Witches' Curse in Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'? Dec 19, 2017

You may have heard that the Bard's tragedy "Macbeth" is cursed. Learn how this superstition came about in this episode of BrainStuff.

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There's Another Reason to Not Eat Raw Cookie Dough Dec 18, 2017

Recent research has revealed another danger lurking in uncooked dough: tenacious E. coli can survive in dry flour. Learn how scientists figured it out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can't Some People Sleep Without a Fan? Dec 15, 2017

Some people find it impossible to sleep without background noise, like a fan whirring. Researchers have identified the possible culprit. Learn how it works in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do People Get Adult-Onset Food Allergies? Dec 14, 2017

New research indicates that adult-onset food allergies are more common than previously thought. But why do they happen? Learn more on BrainStuff.

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Do We Need to Redefine the Four Seasons? Dec 13, 2017

As climate change affects the planet's weather patterns, some parts of the world will see the seasons bleed together. Tune in to learn how we define the seasons now, and how some researchers think that should change.

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Did Giant Crabs Eat Amelia Earhart? Dec 12, 2017

No, really, it's a serious question. In this episode, learn why -- and how -- researchers have investigated giant land crabs' potential role in the famous pilot's ultimate demise.

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How Much Does Getting Stuck in Traffic Cost Us? Dec 11, 2017

When you add up all the wasted time and gasoline, traffic hotspots cost drivers billions of dollars. Learn how researchers are using technology to measure the problem -- and hopefully make it better.

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How Fast Can We Take a Picture of the Entire Sky? Dec 08, 2017

A new robotic camera is set to change what we know about outer space by capturing huge images of the night sky. Learn more on BrainStuff.

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Why Do We Find Symmetry So Pleasing? Dec 07, 2017

What is it about the arrangement of petals on a flower or a perfectly symmetrical display of soup cans that catches our eye? Our brains seem wired for it, but why?

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How Does Salt Prevent Food Spoilage? Dec 06, 2017

Salt has kept entire civilizations alive thanks to its abilities to preserve food and protect it from harmful germs. But how?

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Do Monkeys Have Superstitions? Dec 05, 2017

We share a lot in common with monkeys, but are they just as superstitious? And could the belief in winning streaks carry an evolutionary advantage?

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What Is (and Isn't) Terrorism? Dec 04, 2017

When is -- and isn't -- a crime considered terrorism? The legal, political and moral definitions are often at odds. We explore why on BrainStuff.

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Why Are Leaf Blowers So Irritating? Dec 01, 2017

If the sound of leaf blowers makes you angry, you're not alone -- and there's science behind why.

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Pretending To Be Batman Helps Kids Focus Nov 30, 2017

The Batman Effect, as researchers have dubbed it, allows kids to separate themselves from temptation and stay on task. Learn more on BrainStuff.

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Tips For Staying Safe In A Mass Shooting Nov 29, 2017

We don't expect to ever be in a mass shooting, but assuming the worst can happen is the first step to being prepared. Find out more on BrainStuff.

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Second Breakfasts Can Be Good For You Nov 28, 2017

A second breakfast can be just as beneficial as a first breakfast. Find out why on BrainStuff.

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Jellyfish Are Brainless, But Still Sleepy Nov 27, 2017

Do jellyfish sleep? Learn more about a new study on the need for sleep in animals, and in jellyfish, in this BrainStuff episode.

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What's a Bump Fire Stock Do To A Gun? Nov 24, 2017

Bump fire stocks enable a shooter like Las Vegas killer Steven Paddock to fire a semi-automatic rifle at nearly the rate of an automatic. How do they work?

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The Origins of Boston and New York’s Accents Nov 23, 2017

What does Boston have against the letter 'R'? BrainStuff digs into the origins of 2 American accents.

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The Number Zero Might Be Older Than We Thought Nov 17, 2017

A new analysis of the ancient Indian Bakhshali manuscript suggests the numerical symbol zero, as we use it today, may be centuries older than previously believed.

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How Do Squirrels Organize Their Nuts? Nov 17, 2017

A new study suggests squirrels use memory strategies to remember where they put the good nuts. Find out more on BrainStuff.

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Can You Pass A Drug Test With Someone Else's Urine? Nov 17, 2017

Have you ever tried to beat a drug test? OR Labs are usually able to bust people using someone else's urine.

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Albums Aren't Dead Nov 16, 2017

Do you buy vinyl records? OR Do you still listen to music albums? In which format? Find out how vinyl and streaming complement each other.

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Great Archaic Ways To Insult Someone Nov 15, 2017

Kim Jong-un called Donald Trump a dotard. Here are some equally entertaining out-of-date options the 45th president could've thrown back in his face.

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Wolves Are Smarter Than Dogs? Nov 15, 2017

A new study put dogs and wolves head to head in the intelligence department. Guess which species won? Find out on BrainStuff.

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What can we learn about ourselves from epic space missions? Nov 14, 2017

Now that Cassini has met its end by plunging into Saturn, it's time to reflect on what we've learned over the decades.

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Less people are killed by lightning every year Nov 13, 2017

In the 1940s and '50s, lightning strikes killed hundreds of Americans each year. Now, that number's dropped to only a few dozen. What's changed?

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Why Do Balloons Stick To Our Hair? Nov 10, 2017

It's a hair-raising experience. BrainStuff explains the secrets of static electricity.

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Neanderthals Used Glue Nov 09, 2017

Neanderthals distilled tar more than 100,000 years before modern humans created glue; archaeologists compared three potential ways this ancient tech was used.

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Getting a Doctorate Can Affect Your Mental Health Nov 08, 2017

A new study shows doctoral programs can incite some serious psychiatric problems. Learn how getting a Ph.D. affects mental health on BrainStuff.

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Why is the Caspian Sea Evaporating? Nov 01, 2017

The largest lake in the world is gradually shrinking thanks to a changing climate, and beach towns could become landlocked.

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There Was a Brutal Prehistoric "Hell Ant" Oct 31, 2017

Instead of a mouth, the hell ant had blades and a metal horn. Learn more about this prehistoric creature on BrainStuff.

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Which Computer Keys Wear Out First? Oct 31, 2017

As casual computer users shift to touchscreens, wear patterns on computer keyboards have evolved, affecting suppliers of replacement letters.

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Ruined City Under Tunisia's Waters Oct 30, 2017

Archaeologists discovered what they believe to be ruins of the Roman city of Neapolis — underwater near Tunisia. Find out more on BrainStuff.

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What Do Hurricane Categories Mean? Oct 30, 2017

Hurricanes are the strongest storms on the planet. Learn more about how we categorize them from BrainStuff.

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Why Is a Brain-Shaped Blob In Canada? Oct 27, 2017

The magnificent bryozoan is a colonial organism that lives in warm ponds and lakes usually east of the Mississippi River. So what's it doing in western Canada?

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What's the Best Way To Park? Oct 27, 2017

Do people who back their cars into parking spaces slow down the flow? Or are they the smartest in the lot?

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Orange Peels Can Revive Landscapes Oct 26, 2017

Decades after a company dumped truckloads of orange peels onto a degraded plot of land, the pasture is flourishing. Learn more on BrainStuff.

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Voyager 1 is Traveling Through Interstellar Space Oct 26, 2017

NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft is celebrating its 40th year in space this year. Learn more about its journey on this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Researchers Preserve Smells? Oct 25, 2017

Scents affect how we experience different culures and places, and researchers believe they have historical value. So, how are we preserving them?

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How Did Plesiosaurs Use Their Flippers to Swim? Oct 24, 2017

A recent study suggests that these aquatic reptiles used all of their flippers to move efficiently underwater.

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The Mysteries Behind Abandoned Ships Oct 23, 2017

Have you ever heard about ships that wash up on shores under strange circumstances and without a crew? Learn about abandoned ships on this episode of BrainStuff.

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Floating Fire Ant Rafts Are Both Dangerous and Cool Oct 20, 2017

Learn about the dangers of floating fire ant colony rafts on this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Did The T. Rex Have Tiny Little Arms? Oct 19, 2017

Tyrannosaurus rex was a giant predator that roamed the earth, so why did it have such tiny arms?

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Is Not Having A Job Better Than A Bad Job? Oct 18, 2017

Unemployment has negative health effects, but having a bad job can cause stress that's detrimental to well-being. Learn more in this episode.

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Do We Need Treatment Centers For Internet Addiction? Oct 17, 2017

Internet addiction is classified as an epidemic in some Asian countries, but not in the U.S. This episode of BrainStuff looks at internet addiction treatment centers.

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How Did a Dinosaur Killing Asteroid Change The Environment? Oct 16, 2017

A new model describes in more detail how the Chicxulub asteroid affected our planet, from dropping temperatures to pausing photosynthesis, with soot playing an integral part.

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When Can You Use The Emergency Lane? Oct 13, 2017

That driver who uses the highway shoulder in bad traffic could face penalties. Learn when driving in the emergency lane is legal in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do People Walk In Predictable Paths? Oct 12, 2017

What guides the direction a person chooses to move? Learn about what habit and handedness have to do with it in this BrainStuff episode.

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How 'Fido' Became The Name For A Dog Oct 11, 2017

Why is Fido shorthand for a friendly dog? Learn more about the origins of the dog name Fido in this BrainStuff episode.

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How Did The Grandfather Clock Get Its Name? Oct 10, 2017

In this episode, we’ll look at the history behind how the grandfather clock got its name — and it's probably not what you expect.

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When is it Safe to Eat Raw Oysters? Oct 09, 2017

In this episode, BrainStuff looks at if there's any truth behind the old wives' tale that you can't eat oysters in months without the letter 'R.'

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How Gut Bacteria Could Become Your Next Sports Drink Oct 04, 2017

Do microbes inside our body have their own circadian rhythms? Learn more about the gut microbiome and circadian rhythms in this episode.

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Einstein's Right Again Oct 02, 2017

Astronomers have detected hints of Einstein's general relativity in the Milky Way's supermassive black hole.

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Defining Personal Space Sep 27, 2017

How close is too close? In this episode, BrainStuff looks at personal space around the world.

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Swift Lizard Evolution Sep 25, 2017

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Should You Eat A 106-Year-Old Fruitcake? Sep 20, 2017

What relics of South Pole expeditions have turned up? Learn more about Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic fruitcake in this BrainStuff episode.

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Why Goldfish Make Their Own Alcohol Sep 18, 2017

How do goldfish survive in icy lakes and your poorly cleaned aquarium? Learn more about goldfish and alcohol on this episode.

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Separating Ninja Facts From Ninja Fiction Sep 13, 2017

A new ninja research center opened in Japan. This episode looks at the myth of the ninja and what the research center hopes to solve and study.

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Can NASA Hit An Asteroid with a DART? Sep 11, 2017

In 2022, NASA is planning on ramming a spacecraft into an asteroid to knock it off course. Learn more about the DART mission on this episode.

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Millennials Buy Homes For Their Dogs Sep 06, 2017

Millennials are buying real estate, but not for reasons you'd expect. A third of them say they bought their house for their dog.

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How Many People Take and Misuse Prescription Opioids? Sep 05, 2017

For the first time in our history, more adults are dying from overdoses than from car accidents or gun violence. New statistics shine a light on the reasons behind the tragic trend.

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Why Is Friday the 13th Considered Unlucky? Aug 30, 2017

In countries like the United States, people have a superstitious fear of one particular date: Friday the 13th. But why? In this episode, Christian discusses the two main fears that have fueled the Friday the 13th superstitions, as well as their origins.

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Why Do We Have Eyebrows? Aug 28, 2017

Eyebrows are prominent human features, but what purpose do they serve? Scientists think they help keep stuff out of our eyes and aid in nonverbal communication, among other things.

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Why Can't We Breathe Underwater? Aug 23, 2017

Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, so why aren't we able to breathe underwater?

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Is Chocolate Poisonous To Dogs? Aug 21, 2017

Under the right conditions, chocolate can indeed be deadly for dogs. Tune in to learn more about the compound in chocolate that makes it dangerous for dogs (and how much is too much) in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Are There 60 Minutes In An Hour Instead of 100? Aug 16, 2017

Do clocks really follow a system inherited from ancient Sumeria?

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Why is Dry Ice Dangerous? Aug 14, 2017

Dry ice is different from regular ice in several ways. Find out what makes dry ice so unique, along with why it can be dangerous, on this week's episode of BrainStuff.

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Is Dry Cleaning Actually Wet? Aug 09, 2017

Spoiler Alert: No, dry cleaning isn't dry. Instead, it uses a petroleum solvent in place of water. Learn more about dry cleaning in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Is It Painful To Bite Aluminum Foil? Aug 07, 2017

When (dental) metal in your mouth comes in contact with aluminum foil, your teeth get a painful shock from the electricity produced. Christian Sager explains how the voltaic effect plays out in your mouth in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Are Some People Immune To Mosquitoes? Aug 02, 2017

Ugh. Mosquitoes, right? They’re the worst. They pester everyone… or do they? Tune in to learn more.

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What are Sea Monkeys? Aug 01, 2017

Sea Monkeys are a type of brine shrimp. These shrimp create remarkably resilient eggs called cysts. Check out this BrainStuff episode and learn more about the secret behind Sea Monkeys.

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What's the Best Place To Sit In A Movie Theater? Jul 26, 2017

When it comes to where you should sit in a movie theater to get the best experience, it's mostly a matter of preference. Except when it comes to sound. Find out why -- and where you should sit -- in this episode.

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What is the Birthday Paradox? Jul 24, 2017

The so-called Birthday Paradox isn't a true paradox -- it's a fascinating example of how bad humans are at off-the-cuff probability. Tune in to learn what the Birthday Paradox is and how it works.

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How Fuel Efficient Is An Airplane? Jul 20, 2017

How much fuel does a 747 need to complete an international flight? How efficient are these aircraft? Join Christian as he asks how much fuel an international flight actually uses.

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Why Are You Farting? Jul 17, 2017

Sure, flatulence is embarrassing. But why do we do it?

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Where Do Bullets Go When Fired Into The Air? Jul 12, 2017

When people fire guns into the air in a celebratory manner, those bullets have to go somewhere. Find out how high fired bullets can go -- and why they can be dangerous -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Can Water Go Bad? Jul 10, 2017

Many people store water for emergencies -- but is it true that water sitting for too long will go bad? Listen in as Christian explains it for you.

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Why Do People Talk Weird in Old Movies? Jul 05, 2017

It’s not quite British, and it’s not quite American – so what gives? Why do all those actors of yesteryear have such a distinct and strange accent?

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Why is Blood Red? Jul 03, 2017

Blood is always red... even when it's inside your body.

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How Does Anxiety Work? Jun 28, 2017

Anxiety is a normal, healthy response for the human body. But when it interferes with daily life it can become a disorder. We investigate anxiety's symptoms and biochemistry to learn how it can become irrational... and how you treat it.

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Can Animals Predict Natural Disasters? Jun 26, 2017

Do animals have a sixth sense that can detect earthquakes and tsunamis? Or do they just make better use of their other senses than humans?

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Why Don't All Skeletons Become Fossils? Jun 21, 2017

Skeletons of ancient animals sometimes become fossilized. But if this happened to every animal that ever lived, wouldn’t we be swimming in a sea of fossils right now? BrainStuff explains why only a fraction of animal bones turn into fossils.

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Does TV Resolution Matter? Jun 19, 2017

You’ve heard all the hype about high-definition TV, ultra-high definition and more. But does this mad race to jam more pixels on a screen actually matter? Tune in to learn more about the human eye and digital resolution.

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What's The Most Expensive Book In The World? Jun 14, 2017

Sometimes super-wealthy people like to spend millions on a single book. Which one cost the most? Hint: It’s about water and it's written backwards.

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How Will You Most Likely Die? Jun 12, 2017

Death is the most mysterious and inevitable part of the human experience. But how will we go? Christian takes a closer look at the most common causes of death across the globe.

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Did the Brontosaurus Exist? Jun 08, 2017

The Brontosaurus technically hasn't existed in the living/breathing sense of the word for 150 million years. But did it ever exist? Was this iconic dinosaur the result of misclassification?

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Why is Bird Poop White? Jun 05, 2017

Bird poop: It’s the bane of cars, statues, awnings and occasional hapless pedestrians across the world. But what is this stuff anyway? Why does it look so unnatural? Why is it white?

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Can Your Eyes Pop Out Of Your Head When You Sneeze? May 31, 2017

You’ve heard that if you can keep your eyes open during a sneeze, you’ll be rewarded with the sensation of both eyeballs popping out of their sockets. Is that true?

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How Crowds Can Kill You May 29, 2017

People mean well, but in high-density situations we begin to risk our safety. Learn how a crowd can turn into a deadly disaster.

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How Does Agoraphobia Work? May 24, 2017

Agoraphobia is a complicated and difficult psychological condition that is easily misunderstood. Learn about life with agoraphobia in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Do Fire Extinguishers Work? May 22, 2017

Fire extinguishers are nearly ubiquitous, and they can be an invaluable, life-saving device. But what’s inside those little red cylinders, and how does it stop a fire?

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Do Juice Cleanses Work? May 17, 2017

Juice cleanses are all the rage. But do they actually provide any health benefits? Christian explains.

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What Is The Dwarf Planet Ceres? May 15, 2017

What Is The Dwarf Planet Ceres?

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Why Does Coffee Make You Have To Poop? May 10, 2017

Christian explains why coffee makes many people have to go to the bathroom.

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How Does The Placebo Effect Work? May 08, 2017

A placebo is a phony drug used to test the efficacy of real drugs in clinical trials… but here’s the weird part. Sometimes, placebos can make patients better. How? Why?

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How Do Antiperspirants Work? May 03, 2017

Every day, millions of people safeguard themselves against excessive sweat with a quick roll of antiperspirant. But what does this stuff do, exactly?

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Can You Reach The End of a Rainbow? May 01, 2017

The end of the rainbow may be the best place to raid a leprechaun stash, but it proves a strangely difficult destination to reach. Christian explains why you can’t get there, and why there really isn’t even a a “there” there.

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Why Are Some People Afraid of Clowns? Apr 26, 2017

Clowns are usually brightly-colored, goofy, raucous characters designed to be the life of any party. However, it’s no secret that they’re not universally adored. In fact, some people find clowns downright frightening. But why?

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Is a "Dog Year" Really 7 Years? Apr 24, 2017

You may have heard that dogs age differently than humans. But is it true? Get the facts on your pooch without having that ever-awkward “so… how old are you really?” conversation.

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How Does Jet Lag Work? Apr 19, 2017

Yeah, your sleeping pattern gets screwy when you fly to different time zones. But what are the symptoms of jet lag? What causes it? And how can you remedy it?

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Why Does The Shower Get Hot When The Toilet Is Flushed? Apr 17, 2017

Were you burned the last time someone flushed the toilet while you were showering? It's a simple plumbing fix.

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How Do You Find Water In The Wild? Apr 12, 2017

In case you ever get stranded in the wild without an obvious source of fresh water, here are a few things you can do to collect some.

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What Are Eye Boogers? Apr 10, 2017

The gunk builds up at the inner corners of our eyes is residue of the stuff the coats and protects our eyeballs all the time. Learn what it’s made of and why it turns to sand overnight.

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Why Do We Get Morning Breath? Apr 05, 2017

Every morning we wake up with bad breath. What does bacteria and a lack of saliva have to do with it?

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Do Animals Laugh? Apr 03, 2017

It’s no secret that some animal species are highly intelligent – but do they also “get” jokes? Can they laugh? Are laughter and intelligence even related?

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How Much Does It Cost To Run For President? Mar 29, 2017

There’s a big difference between running for President and actually winning the election. So how much money will you need to have a decent shot at being Commander-in-Chief?

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Can I See the Stuff Astronauts Left On the Moon? Mar 27, 2017

Astronauts left over a hundred items on the moon's surface. But are today's telescopes powerful enough to see what's there?

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What Would Space Do To The Human Body? Mar 22, 2017

Space without a suit? You’ll probably die from the lack of pressure in a vacuum. But other extreme hazards won’t help either.

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Does "Power Dressing" Actually Work? Mar 20, 2017

Dressing up to feel powerful may have been a fashion fad of the 1980s, but do we still think differently if we wear formal clothes?

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How Dirty Is Soap? Mar 15, 2017

It’s good hygiene to wash your hands after touching shared bathroom surfaces. But bars of soap are a shared surface. Does soap really help get you clean?

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How Does Hair Dye Work? Mar 13, 2017

Some hair dyes are basically fine-grained paint. But dyes that stick with you for more than a couple weeks physically and chemically change each hair. Learn how with Christian Sager.

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How Do Tattoo Machines Work? Mar 08, 2017

Tattoo machines (sometimes called guns) haven’t changed much since the 1890s because they’re such elegant devices. Tune in to learn how the most common types work.

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Could Alien Life Exist? Mar 06, 2017

What makes a planet ideal for sustaining life?

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Does the Human Body Really Replace Itself Every 7 Years? Mar 01, 2017

The short answer is “no.” Tune in to learn how long it really takes, plus how nuclear weapons led scientists to the solution.

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Are Plants Conscious? Feb 27, 2017

Scientists have found evidence that plants have senses, memories, and can even communicate with each other. But does this mean they're conscious?

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Why Are There So Many Different Kinds of Milk? Feb 22, 2017

Christian explains the difference between common types of milk, looking at calories, fat and the rest of their composition.

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What Happens When You Get Ringing In Your Ears? Feb 20, 2017

Tinnitus is what makes your ears ring after a loud noise. And it's really annoying.

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Why Do We Get Brain Freeze? Feb 15, 2017

We all know what an ice cream headache feels like. Christian's here to explain why they happen. It involves temperature (duh), nerves and lots of blood.

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What is Synesthesia? Feb 13, 2017

It’s true – some people hear colors, or taste words. But what produces synesthesia?

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Why Is It So Difficult To Chug A Gallon of Milk? Feb 08, 2017

It's one of the strangest - and potentially grossest - challenges out there. But what happens when you drink milk? Why does it make you throw up?

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How Does Vocal Fry Work? Feb 07, 2017

You’ve probably heard people complaining about vocal fry, and you’ve certainly heard it used in conversation, but what causes it? Christian explains the science of fry and creak in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Does Aspirin Work? Feb 01, 2017

How does aspirin target your pain? The plants that aspirin were derived from have been used as medicine for about 6000 years, we finally discovered how it works in 1971, and Christian explains it to you now.

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How Long Would It Take To Walk Around The World? Jan 30, 2017

Christian explains what goes into calculating how long it would take to traverse the globe on foot, and tells us about some intrepid explorers who've tried to do it.

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How Does Déjà vu Work? Jan 25, 2017

Ever gotten the strange feeling that you’re repeating an experience? Researchers have over 40 theories about what’s going on in the brain during déjà vu, and Christian is here to explain the most popular ones.

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How Does Crooke's Radiometer Work? Jan 23, 2017

Christian explains the science behind this seemingly magical gizmo.

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What the Heck is GDP? Jan 18, 2017

GDP, GNP – what does it all mean? Jonathan explains what economists mean when they bring up these common economic indicators.

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What Determines Your Hair Color? Jan 16, 2017

There's a lot of natural variation in the color of human hair. What's the physical explanation for the difference?

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Why Is Bacon Considered A Breakfast Food? Jan 11, 2017

Sure, everyone knows that bacon and eggs are a traditional breakfast - but why? Listen in to learn how Freud's nephew invented PR and changed the way America eats breakfast.

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What Are Brain Orgasms And ASMR Whisperers? Jan 09, 2017

Christian delves into the euphoric sensations of the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and reveals what triggers it and how science has responded so far.

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The Way We Think About Sugar Is Going To Change Jan 05, 2017

The FDA recently changed their Nutrition Facts label to include added sugars. But why?

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How Do Erasers Erase? Jan 02, 2017

Erasers lift our mistakes right off the page, but it's not magic - it's the microscopic physics of stickiness.

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Why Do Some People Faint At The Sight of Blood? Dec 28, 2016

Christian explains the science of why people faint at the sight of blood.

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Do Crosswalk and "Close Door" Buttons Really Do Anything? Dec 26, 2016

Are the buttons we push to cross streets, close elevator doors, and nudge the office thermostat really connected to anything? Some aren’t! Learn how these placebo buttons (don’t) work.

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How Is An Autopsy Performed? Dec 21, 2016

When you need someone to exam a corpse to determine a cause of death, how do they conduct the autopsy?

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Why Do Helicopter Blades Look Weird On Video? Dec 19, 2016

Helicopter blades and other fast spinning objects often produce strange effects on camera. Christian explains why.

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What Is American Cheese Really Made Of? Dec 14, 2016

Processed American cheese is super cheap, consistent, shelf-stable, and orange. Christian explains how this science cheese is made.

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Why Do Dogs Tilt Their Heads? Dec 12, 2016

Is this adorable behavior rooted in sensory necessity or purposeful gesticulation? We explore what may be the cutest research ever.

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Why Do So Many Price Tags End in .99? Dec 07, 2016

It’s very common to see the number 9 at the right end of a price tag. Why is this? Christian explains the psychology of prices and nines in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Do Movie Theaters Sell Popcorn? Dec 05, 2016

For millions of moviegoers, the idea of visiting the local theater automatically conjures memories of popcorn. But this wasn’t always the case – so why, out of all snacks, did popcorn become the #1 snack for film?

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How Does Lucid Dreaming Work? Nov 30, 2016

Science has proven that we can be aware of our dreams while we’re in them. But can we control our dreams? Christian breaks it to you gently.

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What Is Satanism? Nov 28, 2016

Just the term "satanism" is controversial. But what's actually going on with this counter-culture religion that values individualism and nonconformity?

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Why Do We Itch? Nov 23, 2016

Virtually everyone has experienced an itch at one time or another – but what is an itch exactly? What causes it, and why can having one be such a maddening experience?

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How Do Microwave Ovens Work? Nov 21, 2016

They’re convenient, ubiquitous and easy to use. But how do these things work, exactly? What do people mean when they say a microwave cooks food inside out?

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Why Do Dogs Yawn? Nov 16, 2016

Dogs communicate by yawning, and it's complex to figure out what they might mean.

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Is WiFi Safe? Nov 14, 2016

You've probably heard that wireless internet (WiFi) is dangerous. But is it true? Christian breaks it down.

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What's the ideal temperature for your refrigerator? Nov 09, 2016

In this episode, Christian explains how bacteria spoils food and what temperature your refrigerator should be to slow their progress.

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Why do some noises drive me crazy? Nov 07, 2016

Do you want to strangle people for chewing gum? Does the crinkle of plastic fill you with inarticulate, homicidal fury? If so, you may suffer from the little-understood condition called 'misophonia'.

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How do one-way mirrors work? Nov 02, 2016

How can a single piece of glass look like a mirror from one side but a window from the other? It's not magic, it's materials technology.

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Will Soda Really Ruin My Teeth? Oct 31, 2016

If your teeth are one of the hardest parts of your body, then how could soda damage them? Tune in to learn more.

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Why Do Fluorescent Lights Make That Buzzing Noise? Oct 26, 2016

Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

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Are Stupid People More Confident? Oct 24, 2016

We've all heard about the supposed relationship between confidence and knowledge - but is it true? Two researchers think they've found the answer.

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How Does Saliva Work? Oct 19, 2016

Your saliva makes things taste great while killing bacteria and helping digestion.

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What Causes Red Eye In Photos? Oct 17, 2016

How can a camera's flash make your eyes glow red? Tune in to learn how it works -- and how to prevent it.

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Why Do Men Have Deeper Voices? Oct 12, 2016

Christian explains why male humans' voices generally get lower than female humans' during puberty.

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Why Are Honey Bees Disappearing? Oct 10, 2016

Honey bees are vanishing? But why?

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How Do TV Ratings Work? Oct 05, 2016

The future of your favorite TV shows hinges on their ratings – but what is a rating, and where does it come from?

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How Do Car Horns Work? Oct 03, 2016

The next time you honk your car horn at that jerk who cut you off, you’ll understand how it uses physics to get the job done.

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What is Russia's "Dead Hand?" Sep 27, 2016

We’ve all seen movies with supervillains building catastrophic Doomsday devices – but has anyone ever built a real one? Join Christian to learn how the Cold War led to the most dangerous nuclear system in history: Russia’s legendary – and terrifying – Dead Hand.

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What Causes the Northern Lights? Sep 26, 2016

There are many misconceptions about what causes the Aurora Borealis when it really requires solar winds, magnetic fields and excited atmospheric gases.

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What Is White Noise? Sep 21, 2016

Christian defines what white noise actually is and how it's used to mask other annoying sounds.

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Do Supplemental Vitamins Actually Work? Sep 19, 2016

A vitamin a day keeps you healthy to play. Or does it?

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How Does Night Vision Work? Sep 14, 2016

For the vast majority of international travelers, a passport is a necessity. But why?

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Why Do I Need A Passport To Travel? Sep 12, 2016

For the vast majority of international travelers, a passport is a necessity. But why?

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How Do Bed Bugs Work? Sep 07, 2016

These insects live in your bedroom, drink your blood and stain your sheets. How do you get rid of them?

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What If The Moon Disappeared? Sep 05, 2016

Without the moon, how would Earth's environment be affected? Would we survive?

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What is "Ranch" Flavor? Aug 31, 2016

A plumber in Alaska invented a bizarre condiment that launched a multimillion dollar industry, and today ranch is the most popular salad dressing in the US. But what exactly is this stuff?

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What Is Fracking? Aug 29, 2016

You’ve heard of fracking, and you’re pretty sure lots of people don’t like it, but do you know how it actually works?

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The Science of Glow Sticks Aug 24, 2016

What do fireflies, TVs, neon signs, and glowsticks have in common?

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Does Your Name Determine Your Future? Aug 22, 2016

How much does your name actually matter? Are some names going to make you rich, while others make you poor?

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What Happens When I Have A Hangover? Aug 17, 2016

If you've ever had a few too many beers at a party, then you've probably encountered the symptoms of a hangover -- the pulsing headache, dry mouth, nausea and more. But what's actually happening to you? And what is it about alcohol that can turn a wonderful Saturday night into an agonizing Sunday morning?

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How Do Laugh Tracks Work? Aug 15, 2016

Sitcoms use laugh tracks all the time. But where do they come from?

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Why Do You Hate the Sound of Your Own Voice? Aug 10, 2016

The recorded sound of your voice usually makes you cringe because of two ways vibrations reach your ear.

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How Does Air Force One Work? Aug 08, 2016

When the President travels the friendly skies, he does it in style.

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How Does Marijuana Affect Your Memory? Aug 03, 2016

People who smoke pot have a reputation for being forgetful or absentminded. But what's the real science behind this?

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How Do We Know What Dinosaurs Looked Like? Aug 01, 2016

Can we really reconstruct a dinosaur’s appearance from a bunch of million-year-old fossils? How?

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Does Eating Before Bed Give You Nightmares? Jul 27, 2016

Why do some foods affect our dreams?

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Why Do Men Have Nipples? Jul 25, 2016

Men don’t usually lactate – but they can! Christian explores how breast tissue develops in human embryos of both sexes, and explains why mice are more advanced, evolution-wise.

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Why Does Gasoline Smell So Good? Jul 20, 2016

Some people sense a sweet, euphoric odor when pumping gas into their car. Why is that? And is it hazardous?

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What Is The Oldest Living Thing? Jul 18, 2016

From eldritch aspen colonies to immortal jellyfish, the world is lousy with long-lived organisms. But what’s the oldest?

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Why Do We Sleep? Jul 13, 2016

Sleeping is frustrating for many of us. So why do we have to do it? Christian reviews several possibilities and reveals all the bad things that can happen if you sleep too much... or not at all.

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How Does Captain America's Shield Work? Jul 11, 2016

Let's take a look at the fictional history of Captain America's indestructible shield and try to figure out how it might have been forged and how aerodynamic it could be.

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How Does Sleepwalking Work? Jul 06, 2016

Have you ever walked in your sleep? Somnambulism isn't as rare as you might think. Join Christian as he explores the facts and fiction about sleepwalking, from its many possible causes to whether you can safely wake up a somnambulist mid-stroll.

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Why Shouldn't I Rob A Bank? Jul 04, 2016

Robbing a bank is a dumb idea. And not just because it's illegal.

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Can Absinthe Make You Hallucinate? Jun 29, 2016

Absinthe has a dangerous reputation. But will you really meet The Green Fairy if you drink it?

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Why Don't Humans Have Tails? Jun 27, 2016

Whether they’re swatting away horseflies or helping a monkey swing through the forest, tails are a pretty amazing adaptation. So why don’t humans have them?

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Where Is The Biggest Garbage Dump On Earth? Jun 22, 2016

Even though 80% of trash starts on land, tons of it ends up in the ocean, swirling around in a massive patch of plastic debris.

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Do You Really Need To Wash Your Jeans? Jun 20, 2016

You might have heard this odd advice from fashion gurus before – “don’t wash your jeans!” But why? Is it real advice, or just a prank pulled on unsuspecting, dim-witted denim rubes?

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Why Do People Go Bald? Jun 15, 2016

For most men, losing your hair is an inevitable side effect of aging. Christian describes the growth cycle of hair, types of baldness that affect men and women, and how most ladies feel about bald dudes.

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Are Humans Still Evolving? Jun 13, 2016

We may not have mutant powers like the X-Men, but natural selection is still changing humanity… for the better.

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Why Can't You Tickle Yourself? Jun 08, 2016

It’s almost impossible to trick your brain so you can tickle yourself. Unless you're schizophrenic…

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Are Pop Rocks Dangeorus? Jun 06, 2016

Did Pop Rocks really blow the door off of a delivery van? Has anyone ever died from eating these popping bits of sugar? The answers might surprise you. Join Christian as he looks into the truth behind the rumors surrounding the uniquely (and surprisingly loud) candy called Pop Rocks.

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Does Hypnosis Actually Work? Jun 01, 2016

We see hypnosis in movies and TV all the time – after a few swings of a watch, some poor sap starts clucking like a chicken or crying like a baby – but is there any truth to this? Can you actually hypnotize someone?

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Why Do We Get Bags Under Our Eyes? May 30, 2016

We all get bags under our eyes that make us look tired. Here's how it inevitably happens and some remedies to look your best.

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How Does Radiation Sickness Work? May 25, 2016

Christian explains the science behind the healthy green glow.

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Is There A Noise Loud Enough To Kill You? May 23, 2016

Loud noises suck. But are they deadly?

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How Does LASIK Work? May 18, 2016

Christian explains the process and risks of LASIK surgery, from preoperative exams, to lasers in your eyes.

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How Can Hot Water Freeze Faster Than Cold Water? May 16, 2016

At first, it sounds crazy -- wouldn't hot water take longer to freeze? Weirdly enough, the opposite is sometimes true. Join Christian to learn more about a mystery that's puzzled humanity for centuries in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why Can't People Remember Being Born? May 11, 2016

You probably remember your 18th birthday, but not your first – or your zeroth. Why is that?

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How Does Bitcoin Work? May 05, 2016

If money is only valuable when we believe in it, how much is a Bitcoin actually worth? Christian explains the virtual currency as well as how to mine it and the risks involved in investing.

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How Do IUDs Work? May 04, 2016

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular and effective method of birth control. So why don't Americans use them?

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How Does Silica Gel Work? May 02, 2016

What is silica gel, and why do I find little packets of it in everything I buy? Christian explains it all in this episode.

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What Do Those Tabs On Rearview Mirrors Actually Do? Apr 26, 2016

Sure, rearview mirrors are cool -- but how do they actually work? How can the same piece of glass have two different amounts of reflection? Join Christian as he explains the science behind these handy devices.

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Do Figs Really Have Dead Wasps In Them? Apr 25, 2016

Some figs need fig wasps to pollinate their fruit. But are we eating dead wasps every time we bite into a fig?

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How Do Accents Work? Apr 20, 2016

Have you ever wondered how accents work? Tune in to this episode of BrainStuff to find out about the ever-evolving accent.

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What Causes Chapped Lips? Apr 18, 2016

For some people, winter means a daily battle against cracking, scaling or peeling lips. But what actually causes chapped lips? How can you prevent it?

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How (And Why) Do Cats Purr? Apr 13, 2016

Cats purr for all kinds of reasons, including communication and healing themselves. Christian explains how purring works and which cats can't do it.

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Why Don't Humans Ride Zebras? Apr 11, 2016

They’re just horses with stripes, right? So why don’t we ride them around like Seabiscuit or Black Beauty?

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How does your stomach keep from digesting itself? Apr 08, 2016

The stomach is a hollow, many-layered organ that produces powerful acids to break down food -- and another substance to protect the stomach from being digested. Find out what this substance is, and learn more about the stomach, in this episode.

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What is the battery light on your car's dashboard for? Apr 06, 2016

Cars rely on batteries to keep their electrical parts running and alternators to keep their batteries alive. Battery lights come into play when there's a charging problem. Find out more about battery lights in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why is cotton more absorbent than nylon? Apr 04, 2016

When water comes in contact with the complex molecules that make up cotton and nylon, it causes a different action in each material -- but why? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science behind water absorption in this podcast.

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How do motion sensors work? Apr 01, 2016

There are many kinds of motion sensors, from active to passive systems. Get the scoop on how myriad motion sensing systems work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What does a modern smart house look like? Mar 30, 2016

What makes a "smart" house so smart? These high-tech houses intelligently use resources and are responsive to the needs and habits of their occupants. Tune in to learn more.

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Is it possible to turn coal into oil? Mar 28, 2016

As the demand for dwindling oil supplies rises, scientists across the world search for new ways to generate energy. In this episode, Marshall looks at a new attempt to stave off the looming fossil fuel crisis: Turning coal into oil. Tune in to learn more.

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How do artificial sweeteners work? Mar 25, 2016

At many restaurants, a little container on the table will have regular sugar in addition to artificial sweeteners. But what exactly are artificial sweeteners, and how do they differ in comparison to regular sugar? Listen in to find out.

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Can people really build missiles from scratch? Mar 23, 2016

In the film Salt, Angelina Jolie's character creates a missile from handy household ingredients -- but could this happen in real life? Tune in as Marshall breaks down the science behind improvised explosives.

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How does a pressurized airplane cabin work? Mar 21, 2016

How does a pressurized airplane cabin work -- more importantly, what happens when the pressure fails? Join Marshall Brain as he breaks down the science behind cabin pressurization.

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What are chiggers, and how do they bite you? Mar 18, 2016

If you go outdoors during the right time of year, you may be bitten by chiggers. But what are these creatures, and why do they attack unsuspecting humans? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the life cycle of the chigger -- and how it can affect you.

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Why do people choke under pressure? Mar 16, 2016

Anyone who watched the Master's tournament knows that Rory McElroy famously choked under pressure -- but what exactly happened? In this podcast, Marshall explores the science behind choking in stressful or intimidating situations

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How does safety glass work? Mar 14, 2016

Laminated safety glass has been around since the 1920s. Find out how safety glass is made, how it works and what it's used for in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Sea Monkeys Work Mar 09, 2016

Sea Monkeys are a type of brine shrimp. These shrimp create remarkably resilient eggs called cysts. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast and learn more about the secret behind Sea Monkeys.

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What do those plastic recycling symbols means? Mar 07, 2016

A typical recycling symbol on plastic looks like a triangle made of arrows. There are seven different types of plastic indicated by the symbols. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn the difference between each of these plastic types.

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What's in mothballs? Mar 04, 2016

There are two different types of mothballs, each of which contains separate moth-killing ingredients. Tune in as Marshall Brain explains the science behind mothballs in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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What is the heat index? Mar 02, 2016

Your body has efficient ways to release excess heat, but high temperatures and high humidity create a sticky situation. Find out how the heat index keeps you abreast of dangerous heat situations in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why do your ears pop when you dive in a deep pool? Feb 29, 2016

Have you ever wondered why your ears pop when you plunge into the deep end of a swimming pool? It's all about keeping your ear drum happy, as this HowStuffWorks podcast reveals.

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How does someone become a saint? Feb 26, 2016

Many religions bestow a special status on people who demonstrate a life of almost perfect virtue -- but how does canonization actually occur? In this episode, Marshall breaks down the process used to officially recognize a person as a saint.

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What is a restraining order, and how do you get one? Feb 24, 2016

Restraining orders are cropping up in the news more and more frequently, but how do they work? Join Marshall Brain as he breaks down the legality of restraining orders -- and how to get one.

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Will space tourism become a reality? Feb 22, 2016

With private companies frantically searching for new ways to take people into orbit, it seems that space tourism could become a reality (for those who can afford it). But will it ever really happen? Tune in and learn more in this podcast.

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How do carbohydrates work? Feb 12, 2016

We hear about carbohydrates in the news constantly -- the complex carbs are supposed to be better than the simple ones, but why? In fact, what exactly is a carbohydrate? Listen in and learn more in this podcast.

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Securing Your Wifi Router Feb 08, 2016

Is it possible to get arrested for downloading illegal material even if you never download it yourself? Yes: When someone else logs onto your unprotected wifi, they can make a clean getaway while you get stuck with the blame. Tune in to learn more.

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How do trick birthday candles work? Feb 05, 2016

Candles are simple yet ingenious light-producing devices, and it only takes one extra ingredient to turn them into trick candles. Find out how regular and trick candles work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What's that bumpy stuff on my ceiling? Feb 03, 2016

That popcorn-like stuff on your ceiling is actually a specific kind of ceiling finish. Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to find out what this treatment is -- and why it's so popular.

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How do nail penny measurements work? Feb 01, 2016

Nails are measured by a unit called a penny. This podcast from HowStuffWorks.com explains what the penny designation means -- and where it comes from.

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How do artificial flavors work? Jan 29, 2016

Artificial flavors imitate natural flavors and are found in many processed products. Learn more about the chemistry of flavors, both natural and artificial, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What are motion cards and how do they work? Jan 27, 2016

Motion cards, which have been around for decades, give the illusion of motion using multiple images and a special printing process. In this episode, Marshall discusses the technology behind motion cards and how it has improved over the years.

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How does an EPIRB distress radio work? Jan 25, 2016

An EPIRB, or Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon, helps rescuers find people -- mostly boaters -- in emergency situations. Tune in to find out how EPIRB radios work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Can you explain the diameter measurements used in bullets? Jan 22, 2016

Bullets are measured by calibers, which indicate their diameter in inches. Find out more about bullets and measurement in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How are movies stored on DVD discs? Jan 20, 2016

How can you store an entire movie on one little DVD disc? It's all about compression! In this episode, Marshall explains the technical details and standards of video compression.

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Why shouldn't you go swimming right after a meal? Jan 18, 2016

As children, many of us have been admonished not to go swimming for at least an hour after eating. But, as it turns out, there's biology behind this commonplace advice. Tune in to this episode to find out why you shouldn't swim right after you eat.

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What causes that howling sound in PA systems? Jan 13, 2016

A public address system's speakers emit strange noises, or feedback, when sound gets re-amplified. Get a detailed explanation of how feedback occurs in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.A public address system's speakers emit strange noises, or feedback, when sound gets re-amplified. Get a detailed explanation of how feedback occurs in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does dry ice work? Jan 11, 2016

Dry ice is different from regular ice in several ways. Find out what makes dry ice so unique -- and why it's so good for transporting perishables over long distances -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Is it true that a diesel engine can operate underwater? Jan 08, 2016

Under certain circumstances, diesel engines can operate while submerged in water. Find out what it takes to waterproof an engine -- and why diesel engines are better candidates than their gasoline counterparts -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Where does cork come from? Jan 06, 2016

Most cork comes from special trees that grow in places near the Mediterranean Sea. Learn more about cork oak trees, cork properties, cork products and cork processing in this episode.

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What does Pez mean? Jan 04, 2016

Today, Pez candy dispensers are a sweet treat for children and a novelty for adults. Originally, however, they were created to help adults quit smoking. Learn more about the fascinating history of Pez in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do we measure sea level? Jan 01, 2016

Sea level is an important measurement, but it's also a complicated one. Find out why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is the sound on vinyl records better than on CDs? Dec 30, 2015

The sound quality of vinyl records is sometimes better than that of CDs and DVDs -- and sometimes worse. Learn more about the difference between the sound quality of records, CDs and DVDs in this episode.

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How does high-speed rail work? Dec 28, 2015

Although it's common in some countries, high-speed rail service isn't available in the United States -- yet. Tune in to learn more about this swift rail service -- and how soon we're likely to have it in the U.S. -- in this episode.

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How does a traffic light detect cars? Dec 25, 2015

Traffic lights detect vehicles using a variety of methods. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to find out how timers, inductive loops and other detectors keep traffic running smoothly.

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How can turbines change our energy future? Dec 23, 2015

Gas turbine engines often power jet airplanes and helicopters, but they may turn up in other applications in the near future. Discover how turbine engines work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do self-winding watches work? Dec 21, 2015

Self-winding watches keep the time with the help of a piece of metal, gravity and the natural movement of your arm. Tune in to learn more about self-winding watches in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does catnip work? Dec 18, 2015

You've probably heard that catnip drives felines wild, but did you know that it's a plant related to mint? And that it doesn't affect all cats? Find out how catnip works in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why do freezing temperatures yield both snow and rain? Dec 16, 2015

When the temperature dips below freezing, precipitation often turns into snow, but sometimes you'll get freezing rain or sleet. Why? Find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do they make fortune cookies? Dec 14, 2015

You've probably had countless fortune cookies after Chinese meals, but have you ever wondered how they're made? Discover the "food technology" behind those prescient little cookies in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a jet engine's afterburner work? Dec 11, 2015

The afterburner on a jet engine adds thrust to the engine. Tune in as Marshall Brain explains how an afterburner works -- and the pros and cons of using one -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a magneto work? Dec 09, 2015

A magneto is a kind of electrical generator used in small gasoline engines in lieu of a battery. Find out how magnetos work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is leather and where does it come from? Dec 07, 2015

Most leather is made from processed cattle skin, although synthetic and other varieties exist. Learn more about leather in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Is there any way to see satellites that are in orbit? Dec 04, 2015

There are hundreds of satellites orbiting the Earth, but it's not always easy to see them. Get Marshall's tips on how to spot satellites in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Sonic Booms Work Dec 02, 2015

The sonic booms formed by planes are similar to the wakes left by boats in water. To learn more about sonic booms, check out this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How do self-setting clocks work? Nov 30, 2015

Self-setting clocks and watches synchronize themselves with the atomic clock in Colorado with the help of a special radio station. Find out how -- and learn more about NIST's radio station -- in this episode.

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What are dissolvable stitches? Nov 27, 2015

Stitches have been used for centuries, but dissolvable ones are the most common these days. Why would you want stitches to dissolve, and how do they work? In this episode, Marshall discusses the benefits and features of absorbable sutures.

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What would happen if you fired a gun on a moving train? Nov 25, 2015

If you fired a gun from a train moving at the speed of a bullet, what would happen? It depends on your frame of reference. Learn more about reference frames and physics in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is sodium nitrate? Nov 23, 2015

You'll find sodium nitrate in lots of pink meats like hot dogs and salami, but why? And is it bad for you? Find out what's up with sodium nitrate in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do cavities work? Nov 18, 2015

It's editor's choice month, so tune in and catch our editors' favorite episodes. This week, Marshall is covering cavities: They're formed by bacteria that excrete an acid onto the enamel of a tooth -- but how? Listen in to learn more.

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How does Krispy Kreme work? Nov 16, 2015

A single Krispy Kreme store can produce 100,000 doughnuts a day. To learn more about how these Krispy Kreme doughnuts are made, check out this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why use a humidifier in your home in the winter? Nov 13, 2015

Lots of people use humidifiers in their homes, especially in winter. But why? Marshall discusses some advantages of using humidifiers (and disadvantages of not using them) and different types of home humidifiers.

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How do I burn calories on a stair machine? Nov 11, 2015

If you've ever sweated your way through a work-out on a stair machine, you know that calories are definitely being burned in the process. But how? Learn more about foot-pounds, horsepower and stair machines in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does a Dippy Bird work? Nov 09, 2015

A Dippy Bird is a strange-looking novelty toy, but how does it work? Marshall Brain breaks down the surprisingly sophisticated mechanics of the Dippy Bird in this episode.

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How Marshmallows Work Nov 06, 2015

Marshmallows are an old candy -- they've been around since the 1800s. The name marshmallow comes from the original recipe, which called for sap from the marshmallow plant. Check out this HowStuffWorks to learn more about the history of marshmallows.

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How do honeybees make honey? Nov 04, 2015

When it comes to making honey, bees are skilled chemists. Discover how they use enzymes to turn sugary flower nectar into a sweet, stable food source in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How can some eggs be better for you than others? Nov 02, 2015

If you've been to the grocery store recently, you know that eggs come in many varieties, some claiming to be better for you than others. What differentiates a normal egg from a "special" one? Find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do airport scanners work? Oct 30, 2015

The new full-body scanners used at airports in the United States have caused a huge controversy -- but how do they work? In this episode, Marshall breaks down the science behind full-body scanners, along with the uproar they've caused.

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How can you drive across Antarctica? Oct 28, 2015

Given that it's more than 2,000 miles across and without a gas station in sight, driving across Antarctica is a daunting task. Tune in as Marshall Brain explains how it works.

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What is the difference between a turbo-charger and a super-charger? Oct 26, 2015

Both turbo- and super-chargers are forced inductions systems, meaning they compress the air flowing into the engine. This compression causes each cylinder of an engine to produce more power. Check out this HowStuffWorks article to learn more.

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How Rearview Mirrors Work Oct 23, 2015

How can the same piece of glass have two different amounts of reflection? Learn more about rearview mirrors in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Will a really big earthquake sink Western California? Oct 21, 2015

Given California's history of earthquakes and major fault lines, it's not surprising that people speculate about parts of California breaking off into the ocean. Fortunately, seismic forces don't work that way, as Marshall Brain explains in this episode.

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How do astronomers measure distance? Oct 19, 2015

Since astronomers can't actually travel to a star, they rely on two ingenious methods to measure a star's distance from earth. Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science of space measurement in this editor's choice podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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What will airplanes look like in 2025? Oct 17, 2015

Most modern airplanes have a similar design, but NASA has a plan to move the world of aviation into the future by partnering with the world's airplane manufacturers to radically redesign the typical airplane. Tune in to learn more.

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How is olive oil made? Oct 14, 2015

People across the planet love olive oil, and it's not hard to see why: This tasty liquid lends flavor to hundreds of dishes, and it's been used for thousands of years. But how does it get from the tree to the bottle? Tune in to find out.

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Why do 3D movies cause headaches? Oct 12, 2015

Although 3-dimensional movies have become increasingly popular, numerous viewers have complained of headaches while watching these films. Why? Tune in as HowStuffWorks.com founder Marshall Brain breaks down the science behind 3D films.

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How Helium Works Oct 09, 2015

The helium used in balloons is created by uranium interacting with natural gas. Learn more about helium and uranium in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Subprime Loans Work Oct 07, 2015

Subprime loans are made to borrowers who do not qualify for the best market interest rates. Learn more about subprime loans in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Night Vision Works Oct 05, 2015

Although the human eye is able to adapt to wildly different environments, it takes a certain amount of time to adjust to sudden changes in light. Learn more about the chemicals powering the human eye in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Baking Powder Works Oct 02, 2015

Baking powder is made of three components -- an acid, a base, and a filler. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about baking powder.

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How Atomic Clocks Work Sep 30, 2015

Unlike more conventional timepieces, atomic clocks use the resonant frequency of atoms to measure the passage of time. Learn more about atomic clocks in this Brainstuff podcast.

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How Air Force One Works Sep 28, 2015

Air Force One is gigantic, but how does it work? This is one of our editors' favorite episodes, and it's no surprise why: Listen in for a brief, detailed look at the interior of Air Force One.

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What causes the smell after rain? Sep 11, 2015

The smell of rain is often linked with spring, and it's been alluded to in poems, songs and stories for centuries. But what exactly causes this distinctive smell? Tune in and find out.

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How do Pop Rocks candy work? Sep 09, 2015

Hard candy (like a lollypop or a Jolly Rancher) is made from sugar, corn syrup, water and flavoring. Check out our HowStuffWorks article to learn how conventional candy is combined with carbon dioxide to produce Pop Rocks.

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Can I see the stuff astronauts left on the moon? Sep 07, 2015

Using a telescope to view the moon is fascinating -- but could we see the leftovers of NASA's lunar expeditions? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about lunar landings and telescopes.

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How Golf Ball Dimples Work Sep 04, 2015

If you've ever looked at a golf ball, you've probably noticed it has dimples. But why is that? Learn the story behind dimpled golf balls in this Brainstuff podcast.

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How the Dow Jones Industrial Average Works Sep 02, 2015

The Dow Jones Industrial Average tracks a variety of stocks to assist investors. Learn how the Dow Jones keeps tabs on the stock market.

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How does the snow dragon eat and digest snow? Aug 28, 2015

For cities plagued by yearly snowstorms, a fleet of snow plows and salt often aren't enough to get rid of excess drifts. Luckily, there's another option: Snow dragons. These machines can melt snow on the spot -- but how do they work? Tune in to find out.

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Can nasal sprays be addictive? Aug 26, 2015

Some people have become so dependent on their nasal sprays and products that they might worry they're addicted. Marshall Brain explains why you can't really be addicted to nasal products in this episode.

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What is Schadenfreude? Aug 24, 2015

Schadenfreude is a German word that means taking pleasure in someone else's pain. But it's not the same as sadism, as Marshall Brain explains in this episode. Tune in to learn more about this particularly German sensation.

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How many balloons would it take to life someone off the ground? Aug 21, 2015

Balloons are often filled with helium, which has a lifting force of one gram per meter. It's possible to assemble enough balloons to lift yourself from the ground -- but how many balloons does it take? Tune into this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more.

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What's the difference between LPG or natural gas? Aug 19, 2015

Since liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas have very different properties, it's always important to specify which substance you will use when buying an appliance. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more.

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How can you figure out how far away lightning struck? Aug 17, 2015

Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn how to gauge the distance of a lightning strike with a simple equation.

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How do bake and broil settings differ? Aug 14, 2015

Kitchen ovens typically have two settings: bake and broil. What's the difference between the two? Explore the science behind baking and broiling in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do astronauts function in their spacesuits? Aug 12, 2015

Astronauts wear special suits while they're working in space, and these spacewalks can last for hours. In this episode, Marshall Brain explains how astronauts take care of their basic needs while wearing spacesuits.

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How do a zebra's stripes act as camouflage? Aug 10, 2015

A zebra's stripes offer protection from predators in the form of camouflage -- and a way to identify individual members within the larger group. Learn more about zebra stripes in this episode.

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To maximize happiness, what should you spend money on? Aug 07, 2015

They say that money can't buy happiness, but it can definitely contribute to your well-being. So what exactly should you spend your money on to maximize your happiness? Stuff? Experiences? Marshall Brain investigates in this episode.

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What is a vactrain? Aug 05, 2015

Vactrains may be the next big thing in the evolution of high-speed transportation. In this episode, Marshall explains how vactrain systems will work, how close they are to becoming reality and the potential they have to impact global transportation.

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How does asphalt work, and where does it come from? Aug 03, 2015

Asphalt is an extremely common, oil-derived material that's used to pave a majority of roads in the United States. Tune in to learn more about asphalt.

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How does red eye in photographs work? Jul 31, 2015

The flash of a camera is bright enough to cause a reflection off the human retina -- the red we see in these photos comes from the blood vessels in the eye. Learn more about red eyes and cameras in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Do Submarines Work? Jul 29, 2015

Submarines use oxygen generators to create oxygen from water. Learn more about oxygen in submarines in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Starting A Car in Cold Weather Works Jul 27, 2015

Cars are hard to start during cold weather for three reasons: gasoline evaporates less in cold temperatures, oil gets thicker in the cold, and the chemical reactions in cold batteries are slower than normal.

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How hair length works Jul 24, 2015

As hair cells form in follicles, they push other cells out of the follicle. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about your hair's growth and rest phases.

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How are old black and white movies colorized? Jul 22, 2015

Adding color to black and white movies is incredibly tedious. To speed up the process, the coloring is done on a computer, using a digital version of the film. Learn more about colorization in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why doesn't paper money disintegrate in the washing machine? Jul 20, 2015

Normal paper is made of cellulose from trees, but paper money is made from cotton and linen fibers. Learn how this makes paper money more water-resistant in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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What would happen on a carousel moving at the speed of light? Jul 17, 2015

If you could spin a carousel fast enough, would time stand still for the people on the carousel? Theoretically, it's a reasonable assumption. Join Marshall Brain as he breaks down the speed of light and time in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How can I make artificial snow in my backyard? Jul 15, 2015

If you live in a cold enough climate, you can make fake snow just like they do for ski resorts. In this episode, Marshall shares two techniques for creating artificial snow in your own backyard -- and what to do if you live in a warm climate.

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How is wire measured? Jul 13, 2015

In the United States, wires are measured by diameter using a standard called AWG, or American Wire Gauge. Discover how the AWG system works -- and where it came from -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Can water go bad? Jul 10, 2015

Many people store water for emergencies -- but is it true that water sitting for too long will go bad? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science of water purification in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What do the ul marks on so many products mean? Jul 08, 2015

UL stands for 'underwriters laboratories,' a safety testing organization -- but what exactly does this group do, and why do they do it? Tune in and learn more about the UL mark in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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What's the total amount of gold in the world? Jul 06, 2015

Have you ever wondered how much gold the world has produced over time? How about platinum? Get the grand totals in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How do candles work? Jul 03, 2015

Before there were light bulbs, candles made the world a brighter place. Discover the ingenious technology behind candles in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What are frankincense and myrrh? Jul 01, 2015

You might recognize frankincense and myrrh from the Biblical story of Jesus, but have you ever wondered exactly what they are? Tune in to get the skinny on frankincense and myrrh in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How can an electric toothbrush recharge its batteries? Jun 29, 2015

An electric toothbrush gets power from its base without the help of metal contacts. Find out how this sealed system works in the following podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Smoke Works Jun 26, 2015

When you put a fresh piece of wood on a hot fire, volatile organic carbons in the wood evaporate, creating smoke. Learn more about smoke in this Brainstuff podcast.

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How X-Ray Machines Work Jun 24, 2015

An X-ray machine is essentially a camera that uses x-rays to expose the film, instead of visible light. Learn more about x-ray machines in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Boogers and Mucuous Membranes Work Jun 22, 2015

Mucous contains mostly water and mucin -- a branched polysaccharide. When polysaccharides such as mucin or cornstarch are mixed with water, the result is a sticky substance.

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Can we make gasoline from bacteria? Jun 19, 2015

A new company is claiming that, next year, the problems of carbon emissions, foreign oil dependence, oil spills, fuel shortages, etc. will all end due to a breakthrough in biotechnology. Is it true?

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What is the difference between good and bad toy helicopters? Jun 15, 2015

Can you buy a good, long-lasting toy helicopter for under $30?

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Why do human beings have eyebrows? Jun 10, 2015

Eyebrows are prominent human features, but what purpose do they serve? Scientists think they help keep stuff out of our eyes and aid in nonverbal communication, among other things. Learn more about eyebrows in this episode.

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Where do salad dressings get their bizarre names? Jun 08, 2015

Salad dressings like Ranch and Thousand Island are traditional favorites, but have you ever wondered how they got their names? Marshall Brain reveals what salad dressings are made of -- and where their famous names came from -- in this episode.

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How Botulism Works Jun 05, 2015

Botulism bacteria creates a type of poisoning and paralysis -- but how does it actually work? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the effects and spread of botulism.

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How Diaper Crystals Work Jun 03, 2015

Most disposable diapers contain a crystalline, absorbent substance called sodium polyacrylate. Learn how this polymer helps contain messes -- and some of the controversy surrounding this substance -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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How V-chips Work Jun 01, 2015

As of 1999, all TV sets sold in the Untied States are required to contain a viewer-control chip, also known as a v-chip. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about v-chips and television ratings

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How do aircraft carriers work? May 29, 2015

Aircraft carriers contain some of the most advanced technology in the world. Learn more about aircraft and aircraft carriers in this podcast.

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How does an upside down airplane's engine get fuel? May 27, 2015

Airplanes rely on gravity to disperse fuel to the engine, but what happens when the plane is flying upside down? Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to discover ways that acrobatic planes fly upside down without crashing.

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What is a decibel, and how is it measured? May 22, 2015

The decibel unit is used to measure the intensity of a sounds. Check out our HowStuffWorks article to learn more about the decibel scale.

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Why do the plugs on some appliances have two prongs and others have three? May 20, 2015

When you look at a normal 120-volt outlet in the United States, there are two vertical slots and then a round hole centered below. Take a look at this HowStuffWorks article to learn why appliance cords are shaped this way.

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How do sodium acetate heat pads work? May 18, 2015

Sodium acetate heat pads start out as a pouch of liquid and crystallize into a warm solid. Explore the fascinating chemistry that makes these heat pads work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do they create patterns in a baseball field? May 15, 2015

Groundskeepers at baseball fields create patterns using a process called lawn striping. Tune in to find out how this process works -- and how you can duplicate it to create designs in your own yard.

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How does rust work? May 08, 2015

In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall Brain explains the chemistry behind rust, or iron oxide, and the rusting process.

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What exactly is pastrami? May 01, 2015

Like cheese, pastrami is a good example of old-fashioned food preservation techniques. Find out how corned beef becomes pastrami in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do instant cameras work? Apr 24, 2015

Instant cameras makes it possible to see a photograph almost immediately after you take it. But how? In this episode, Marshall explains the chemical processes behind regular and instant photographic film.

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Why do feet stink? Apr 22, 2015

What causes stinky, smelly feet? Sweat and bacteria. Find out exactly how bacteria turn sweat into malodorous feet in this episode.

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What do the symbols on the U.S. one-dollar bill mean? Apr 20, 2015

If you've ever looked carefully at a U.S. one-dollar bill, you've probably noticed some mysterious symbols and Latin phrases. What do these symbols stand for? Why are they on there? Marshall Brain breaks it down for you in this episode.

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How many calories does a person need daily? Apr 17, 2015

The amount of calories a person needs to consume on a daily basis varies by individual. Discover the three factors that can help you determine your daily caloric needs in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do they get the lead in a wooden pencil? Apr 13, 2015

Today's pencils are manufactured very differently than the original versions; but they still use a material called graphite, which isn't lead at all. How does the graphite get in the pencil? Find out in this episode.

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How can a valet rip you off? Apr 10, 2015

Once relegated to high-end restaurants and clubs, valets are increasingly common across the United States. But how can you trust your valet -- and how will you know if the valet is scamming you? Tune in and find out.

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How Proton Therapy Works Apr 08, 2015

As a method of treating cancer, proton therapy has great potential. But how does it work, exactly, and what makes it superior to other forms of cancer treatment? Tune in and find out.

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What is a lightyear? Apr 03, 2015

A lightyear is a way of measuring distance -- specifically, the distance light can travel in one year. Just how far is that? Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more about astronomy.

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How much oxygen does a person consume in a day? Apr 01, 2015

The average adult at rest inhales and exhales between 7 to 8 liters of air each minutes. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how much oxygen a person uses during a day of inhalation and exhalation.

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How does chlorine bleach work? Mar 27, 2015

When you buy a gallon of bleach at the grocery store, what are you actually purchasing? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about bleach, chlorine and the chemical reactions behind these products.

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Why can't we breathe underwater? Mar 25, 2015

Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, so why aren't we able to breathe underwater? Find out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What does it mean when a car has dual overhead cams? Mar 23, 2015

A camshaft plays an integral role in the functioning of an engine. And dual overhead cams ramp up a machine's performance even more. Find out how dual overhead camshafts work in this episode.

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Could anti-lock brakes detect a flat tire? Mar 20, 2015

By using a computer to monitor the rotation of the car's wheels, an anti-lock braking system helps drivers avoid skids. Could this computer also monitor flat tires? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about brake systems.

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Why are traffic lights being replaced with LEDs? Mar 18, 2015

Across the country, incandescent traffic lights are being replaced with LED arrays. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more about the advantages of LED traffic lights.

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Why is a circular saw louder than a table saw? Mar 16, 2015

Circular saws are much noisier than table saws partly because of the type of motor they possess. Learn more about universal and induction motors in BrainStuff, a podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does an airplane toilet work? Mar 13, 2015

Airplane toilets serve the same function as regular ones, but because they exist in a moving environment, they rely on slightly different technology to get the job done. Find out how they work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do cats purr? Mar 09, 2015

Cats tend to purr when they're happy, but pleasure isn't the only reason for this behavior. And they aren't the only animals who purr. Find out why and how cats and other animals purr in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Flatulence Works Mar 06, 2015

Learn about the causes of gas -- and not the kind you put in your car -- in this podcast from Marshall Brain.

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What's the deal with milk? Mar 04, 2015

Milk is often touted as a "miracle drink," full of restorative, nutritional properties. And there's some truth to this claim. Find out why mammal milk is called "the perfect food" in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How much does planet Earth weigh? Mar 02, 2015

As far as weight goes, Earth is a pretty hefty celestial body. But exactly how heavy? And how does one measure something so massive? Find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What are other ways to store energy besides batteries? Feb 27, 2015

Batteries are a common way to store energy, but there are many others. Discover more energy storage techniques, from falling weights to fuel cells, in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does the common cold work? Feb 25, 2015

We've all had a cold at one point or another; it entails an uncomfortable cocktail of symptoms like sneezing, coughing and a runny nose. But why do we get colds? How do they work? Find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do dry chemical fire extinguishers work? Feb 23, 2015

Three elements create a fire. Discover what they are and how dry chemical fire extinguishers combat them in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Where does aluminum come from? Feb 20, 2015

Aluminum is both lightweight and strong, so it's no wonder that space stations, airplanes and thousands of other products use this metal. But where does it come from, and what makes it so special? Tune in to learn more.

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How do thirty pounds of air in your tires hold up two tons of car? Feb 16, 2015

Cars are heavy machines, so how can a few small, pressurized tires support their weight? Marshall Brain explains how tire pressure and contact patches work in this episode.

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Why don't they use normal air in race car tires? Feb 13, 2015

Race car tires are often filled with nitrogen because nitrogen pressure is more consistent than air pressure. In this episode, Marshall explains why nitrogen is better for race cars -- but not for regular vehicles.

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How do plastics work? What is actually in a plastic? Feb 11, 2015

Plastics have become so ubiquitous that we often take them for granted, but have you ever wondered where these popular materials come from? In this episode, Marshall explains what plastics are made of.

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How does a speedometer in an airplane work? Feb 06, 2015

Most people are familiar with speedometers in cars, but do you know how air speed is determined? In this episode, Marshall explains how devices called pitot tubes gauge the speed of moving aircraft.

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How does CCC, the new form of CPR, work? Feb 04, 2015

Continuous chest compression is an updated form of CPR that's much easier to administer -- and, studies suggest, more effective. In this episode, Marshall Brain explains how CCC works.

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What is the difference between a hardwood and a softwood? Feb 02, 2015

When it comes to differentiating between hardwoods and softwoods, it's not a matter of hardness or density -- it's all about plant reproduction. Marshall explains what angiosperms and gymnosperms are in this episode.

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Why does your computer need a battery? Jan 30, 2015

Computers have a small battery that's important because it keeps the machine's clock running -- and sometimes, your computer. Get the goods on computer batteries in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does nitrous oxide help an engine perform better? Jan 28, 2015

Nitrous oxide boosts engine power in two significant ways. Find out exactly how nitrous works its magic in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does an oxygen canister on an airplane work? Jan 26, 2015

When you think of storing oxygen, metal tanks full of gas might come to mind. There's also a chemical method -- tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to learn about how oxygen canisters work.

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In baseball, how does a pitcher throw a curveball? Jan 21, 2015

A curveball is a pitcher's secret weapon for striking out batters. Discover the physics behind a great curveball in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do retractable roofs in convertible stadiums work? Jan 19, 2015

Retractable roofs are the latest trend in sports stadium design. Marshall highlights multiple examples of convertible stadiums in the United States and explains how they work in this episode.

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How do strokes work? Jan 16, 2015

In a stroke, something disrupts the normal blood supply to parts of the brain. Without oxygen, affected brain cells will begin to die. Tune in as Marshall explains the causes of -- and treatments for -- strokes.

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Semi Submarines Jan 12, 2015

There's a reason that most submarines are owned by governments - they're incredibly expensive. So what's a sub-loving consumer to do? Tune in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science behind semi subs (and why it makes them so much less expensive).

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How do neon and fluorescent lights differ? Jan 07, 2015

Neon and fluorescent lights differ in several ways, including bulb shape, color of light emitted and substances used to produce that light. Find out how neon and fluorescent lights work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does a dollar bill changer work? Jan 05, 2015

A dollar bill changer doesn't just have to sense a bill's denomination -- it also needs to be able to tell whether bills are fake. Join Marshall Brain as he breaks down the science behind bill changers in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is carrageenan? Jan 02, 2015

Carrageenan is a gum derived from seaweed that helps processed food withstand the rigors of transportation and long waits in warehouses. Learn more about the role that carrageenan plays in food by checking out this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What's the birthday paradox? Dec 31, 2014

In a group of 20, there's a 50/50 chance that two people will have the same birthday; this is called the birthday paradox. Find out how it works in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How long before sharks start going extinct? Dec 29, 2014

Sharks are ancient, fierce creatures, but they're also in danger of extinction on many fronts. Discover all the factors that make sharks vulnerable -- and what you can do to help -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Replacing Toilets Works Dec 24, 2014

A family of four can consume more than 300 gallons of water per day. Old toilets use 5 gallons per flush, and this water use quickly adds up. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast and learn why cities across the US are replacing their old commodes.

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Why are my power bills so high? Dec 22, 2014

When it comes to energy usage, heating and cooling appliances contribute the most to your power bill. Tune in to find out which appliances are the most power-hungry -- and why -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Is there a way to compare a human being to an engine? Dec 17, 2014

Human muscles are essentially biological engines. In terms of efficiency, biological engines are amazing. Listen in as Marshall Brain calculates human efficiency in this episode.

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How High-level Nuclear Waste Works Dec 12, 2014

What exactly is high-level nuclear waste, and how are we dealing with it today? In this episode, Marshall breaks down the techniques used to store high-level nuclear waste.

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How does fusion power work? Dec 10, 2014

Fusion reactors like the sun produce huge amounts of energy, so why aren't there fusion power plants everywhere? In this episode, Marshall explains the chemistry of fusion reactions and discusses how close fusion is to becoming a viable energy source.

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How does Nitroglycerin work? Dec 08, 2014

What do you get when you combine acids and glycerin? Nitroglycerin! What is this substance used for, and why is it so unstable? In this episode, Marshall takes a look at the chemistry and explosive qualities of Nitrogyclerin.

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What is chewing gum made of? Dec 05, 2014

Up until World War II, chewing gum was made of a substance called chicle. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the ingredients of modern chewing gum.

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Why can't a couch potato run a marathon? Dec 03, 2014

Intuitively, it makes sense that a trained athlete can run a marathon easily, while a "couch potato" can barely run a mile. But what's the biology behind it? Find out how fit and unfit bodies respond to exercise in this episode.

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How do polymer crystals work, and why do they absorb so much water? Nov 28, 2014

Polymer crystals are extremely absorbent, and that's why you'll often find them in disposable diapers. Marshall explains how polymer crystals are able to absorb large quantities of liquids -- and keep you cool and dry -- in this episode.

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How do people pull large objects with their teeth? Nov 26, 2014

Have you ever seen those folks that can pull a whole truck with their teeth? Tune in as Marshall Brain explains the physics behind pulling large objects with your teeth in this episode.

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Why is a popsicle called a quiescently frozen confection? Nov 24, 2014

Popsicles are also called "quiescently frozen confections" because of the way they're frozen. Learn more about how flavored ice treats are made -- and what distinguishes them from ice cream -- in this episode.

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How do scratch-and-sniff stickers work? Nov 21, 2014

Scratch-and-sniff stickers are novelties that delight both children and adults. Sniff out the ingenious technology that makes them work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why is carbon monoxide so poisonous? Nov 19, 2014

The structure of hemoglobin causes oxygen to bind loosely to iron -- however, carbon monoxide binds very tightly to the blood's iron, reducing your ability to breathe. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more.

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What is the worst invasive public species? Nov 14, 2014

From kudzu to cane toads, invasive species are changing the world. But which of these transplants is the worst for the local landscape? Tune in as Marshall Brain tackles invasive species across the world -- and ultimately concludes which one is the worst.

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How many people work at a Formula 1 pit stop? Nov 12, 2014

If you've ever seen a Formula 1 race, then you know the race isn't just between cars -- it's also between pit stop crews. In seven seconds these crews perform an entire pit stop. But how does it work, and how many people does it take? Tune in to find out.

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When I pay by check, where does that check go? Nov 07, 2014

When you write a check to purchase goods and services, it passes through the hands of several banks before the process is complete. Marshall explains how checks are processed through intermediary banks in this episode.

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How does a credit card's magnetic stripe work? Nov 05, 2014

The magnetic stripe on the back of the card plays a key role in transactions made by credit card. Learn more about how these "mag stripes" work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why do Wint-O-Green Life Savers spark in the dark? Nov 03, 2014

If you've ever bitten into a Wint-O-Green Life Saver candy in the dark, you've probably noticed an accompanying spark of light. Marshall Brain explains the chemistry behind the phenomenon known as triboluminescence in this episode.

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How can we eliminate fossil fuels? Oct 31, 2014

It's no secret that fossil fuels have a detrimental effect on the environment, but do feasible alternatives exist? In this episode, Marshall takes a look at the possibilities of DIY biofuel.

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What does "not guilty by reason of insanity" mean? Oct 29, 2014

Claiming the "insanity defense" in fictional courts of law is common and seems pretty straightforward; in real life, it's much more rare and complex. Discover the legal definition of "insanity" -- and how it relates to mental illness -- in this episode.

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How do kosher foods work? Oct 27, 2014

In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall Brain gives a detailed explanation of the Jewish dietary laws and preparations that make foods "kosher" and "pareve."

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Do you have a hidden savant inside your brain? Oct 24, 2014

Savant capabilities seem extraordinary, but what if they aren't? What if we all have amazing talents embedded in our brains? In this episode, Marshall discusses different techniques that have revealed savant-like qualities in ordinary people.

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Is there a way to detect illegal phone taps? Oct 15, 2014

Tapping into someone's phone line is relatively easy to do on a land line. Fortunately, phone taps are easy to detect. Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to get Marshall Brain's tips on ferreting out illegal phone taps.

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Is it possible to carbonate your own water? Oct 13, 2014

If you enjoy drinking carbonated water, this episode's for you! Listen in as Marshall Brain explains how to make your own carbonated water at home for a fraction of the price you pay in stores.

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What is a fossil? Oct 10, 2014

Fossils provide us with an important picture of ancient life. But how is a fossil created, exactly? Marshall Brain breaks down the various natural processes behind fossilization in this episode.

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What is superconductivity? Oct 08, 2014

Superconductive materials have no electrical resistance, but why is superconductivity a big deal? Marshall Brain explains the potential benefits and implications of superconductive materials, as well as how they work, in this episode.

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How do terrorist bombs work? Oct 06, 2014

Terrorists have a new way of getting bombs into the United States: mailing them. In this episode, Marshall breaks down the science behind the types of bombs used by terrorists, and the explosive ingredients involved.

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How valuable is exercise to your health? Sep 26, 2014

We all know that exercise is an important way to safeguard your health. But how, exactly? In this episode, Marshall discusses the health benefits of exercise -- and how much we need each week in order to take advantage of these benefits.

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How can water cut through steel? Sep 24, 2014

Waterjets are tools that use highly pressurized, focused streams of water to cut through metal and other solid materials. Learn more about waterjets in this episode.

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How do flies breathe? Sep 22, 2014

Insects like flies have a very different respiratory system than we do. Learn more about how flies and insects breathe in this episode.

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How often do state quarters come out? Sep 19, 2014

A new state quarter is released about every ten weeks, and they're released according to the order in which each state joined the union. Learn more about state quarters in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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How do gasoline direct injection engines work? Sep 15, 2014

The latest improvement on the internal combustion engine is called gasoline direct injection. In this episode, Marshall explains how gasoline direct injection technology works -- and how soon we'll see it in production vehicles.

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How do big city shell and three-card monte games work? Sep 10, 2014

Shell games and three-card monte games are common sights in big cities, but did you know they're scams? Marshall explains the similar principles and tricks behind these "games" -- and why you can't win them -- in this episode.

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What is Low-E glass? Sep 08, 2014

Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass is a special, expensive type that blocks out ultraviolet and infrared light. This coated glass can help protect your furniture and improve the energy efficiency of your home, as Marshall Brain explains in this episode.

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Where should I sit to get the best ride on a roller coaster? Sep 05, 2014

Each roller coaster car is moved by the cars connected to it, which makes the experience of riding a rollercoaster a bit different in each car. Learn which seat on a roller coaster is best for you, based on science and your personal preferences.

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Is it possible to rescue water-soaked electronics? Sep 03, 2014

Is it possible to rescue an electronic device dunked in water? In this episode, Marshall recounts an unfortunate meeting between a GPS device and a dog's water bowl. Tune in to learn whether or not he was able to fix it.

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How did the moon get there? Aug 25, 2014

The moon has orbited over human civilization since the dawn of time, but it took us thousands of years to figure out how it actually got there. Tune in as Marshall Brain examines the formation of the moon.

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How do calorie meters work? Aug 22, 2014

It's easy to jump on an exercise machine and watch the calorie meter -- but how accurate are these meters? Learn more about calorie meters in this HowStuffWorks podcast

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How does popcorn work? Aug 20, 2014

Popcorn is a ubiquitous snack, but there's nothing commonplace about its creation. How does a kernel of corn become a puffed white treat? Find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Cooking at High Altitudes Works Aug 18, 2014

The boiling point of water decreases as altitude increases -- generally, this temperature decreases by one degree for every 540 feet of altitude. Learn more about cooking at high altitudes in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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Why do cats have whiskers? Aug 15, 2014

Cat whiskers, also known as "tactile hairs," are very different from a cat's regular body hair. In this episode, Marshall explains how these hairs are unique and what cats use them for.

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How Color Blindness Works Aug 13, 2014

Color blind individuals can suffer from an inability to differentiate between hues, and occasionally may not be able to see any colors at all. Learn more about color blindness in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why do limbs fall asleep? Aug 11, 2014

Pressure on nerves can cause the nerves to stop sending impulses to the brain, causing limbs to fall asleep. Learn more about limbs falling asleep in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why do electric plugs have holes? Aug 08, 2014

You might have noticed that plugs for electric appliances have two holes. There are three reasons for these apertures -- find out what they are in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is the right way to remove a leech? Aug 06, 2014

People have cooked up all sorts of ways to remove leeches over the years, but the simplest is still the most effective. Discover how to safely detach a leech using your hands in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do one-way mirrors work? Aug 01, 2014

One-way mirrors are ubiquitous in crime dramas, but how do they work? Discover the secret behind one-way mirrors in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why does lettuce stored in a bag stay fresh longer? Jul 30, 2014

Many foods you'll find at the grocery store -- like lettuce, for example -- are stored in special plastic packaging called MAP that helps them stay fresh longer. Find out what MAP is, and how it keeps food fresh longer, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How much sugar do they really put in soda? Jul 28, 2014

Sodas and soft drinks contain a surprising amount of sugar -- more than you might expect. Tune in as Marshall Brain reveals how much sugar is in soda in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is market capitalization? Jul 24, 2014

If all the money in the US only totals 8 trillion dollars, how can the New York Stock Exchange have stocks valued at 26 trillion dollars? Tune in as Marshall Brain breaks down the practice of stock capitalization in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why can you hear the ocean in a seashell? Jul 14, 2014

There are various theories about why you can hear ocean-like sounds when you hold a seashell up to your ear. Marshall Brain explains what you're probably hearing in that seashell -- and why you don't need a shell to hear it -- in this episode.

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What is an Omega-3 fatty acid? Jul 11, 2014

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to the human body. Tune in to hear Marshall Brain explain the chemistry of fat molecules and fatty acids, Omega-3s in particular, in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What do those diamond-shaped signs on buildings mean? Jul 09, 2014

The National Fire Protection Agency, or NFPA, uses these signs to indicate hazardous materials stored in an unknown building. Listen in to learn how the signs work -- and how they help firefighters -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Should you turn your computer off when it's not in use? Jul 07, 2014

When it comes to the question of whether or not you should turn off your computer when you're not using it, there's no simple answer. Tune in to get Marshall's thorough take on the topic in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How big is the universe? Jul 04, 2014

If all the matter in the universe was pushed into one corner, how much space would it take up? Listen in as Marshall Brain explores the size of the universe in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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Why does hydrogen peroxide foam when you put it on a cut? Jul 02, 2014

Hydrogen peroxide's foaming action is due to the catalase in blood and cells. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how hydrogen peroxide interacts with catalase.

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What is a medical leech? Jun 25, 2014

Medical leeches are raised in captivity and help patients heal wounds. Discover how leeches and other parasites are used for medical purposes in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does water desalination work? Jun 23, 2014

Most of the water on the planet is salty, so people have come up with various ways to turn it into freshwater. Explore three methods of desalinating water in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why does my hard drive make that churning sound? Jun 20, 2014

Inside the hard drive of many computers, a small arm moves across the face of the hard disk. Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to discover how the movement of this arm produces sound -- and why the arm must move to load files.

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How do space suits work? Jun 11, 2014

Space suits provide oxygen, pressurize air, and control an astronaut's temperature. Learn more about space suits in this classic HowStuffWorks podcast, one of our editors' hand-picked favorites.

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What is a light year? Jun 09, 2014

A light year is a way of measuring distance -- specifically, the distance light can travel in one year. Just how far is that? Check out this classic Brainstuff podcast from HowStuffWorks' archives to learn more about astronomy.

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How do the Northern Lights work? Jun 06, 2014

The Northern Lights, also known as the aurora borealis, occur when charged electrons from the sun interact with the Earth's magnetic field. Learn more about auroras and solar activity in this episode.

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What would happen if the polar ice caps melted? Jun 04, 2014

Learn more about melting ice caps, global warming and rising sea levels in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How can I recover a deleted file from my computer? May 26, 2014

In many cases, it's possible to recover files that have been deleted by using your computer's Recycle Bin. Marshall Brain reveals ways to recover deleted files -- and how to erase them permanently -- in this episode.

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How Light Wave Interference Works May 23, 2014

When white light hits a film of oil floating on water, most of it passes through the film, but some of the light is reflected off the top and bottom layers of the film. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about light wave interference.

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How Phones Work During Power Outages May 21, 2014

Phone companies use generators to ensure that landline phones will work, even in the event of a power outage. Learn more about phone systems in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Liquid Smoke Works May 19, 2014

By cooling smoke, the hydrocarbons forming smoke can be condensed, thinned, and bottled in a liquid form. Learn about the process of bottling liquid smoke in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What do the yellow and black wires in a home telephone jack do? May 14, 2014

It only takes two wires to connect a phone, but most house wiring contains four wires. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn why.

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What Happens to Blood During the Embalming Process? May 12, 2014

The embalming process is designed to keep the body preserved until the funeral, but how exactly does it work and what happens to bodily fluids like blood? Get the gory details in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What makes us yawn? May 07, 2014

Yawning is a universal human behavior, yet scientists still don't know exactly why we do it or what purpose it serves. Marshall Brain explores some of the theories behind yawning in this episode.

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What is Windows Safe Mode? May 05, 2014

Safe Mode is a feature of the Windows operating system that allows users to load a limited version of the system in order to troubleshoot problems. Learn more about using Safe Mode in this episode.

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What makes glass transparent? May 02, 2014

The transparency of materials has to do with their molecular state. Discover how silica and heat produce the transparent material we call glass in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is a blowout preventer? Apr 30, 2014

The massive oil spill that flooded the Gulf of Mexico should have been prevented by a fail-safe device called a Blowout Preventer, or BOP. Find out how this safety mechanism is supposed to work -- and why it didn't -- in this episode.

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What is a rice krispy? Apr 28, 2014

Like many cereals, rice krispies are made by puffing grains -- in this case, rice. Find out how rice krispies and other puffed cereals are manufactured in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do hopping cars work? Apr 25, 2014

Lowriders are vehicles that ride very low to the ground and are often equipped with hydraulics systems that allow the cars to "hop." Learn more in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does hemp work? Apr 21, 2014

Hemp fibers are coarse and strong, perfect for things like rope -- hemp is also more environmentally friendly than many other crops. Listen in as Marshall Brain takes a look at the controversy surrounding hemp in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do self-cleaning ovens work? Apr 18, 2014

What does it take for an oven to clean itself? A whole lot of heat! Marshall Brain explains how these special ovens use intense temperatures to burn off baking spills and debris in this episode.

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What is low-power FM (LPFM)? Apr 09, 2014

FM radio stations have high operating costs, so they're seldom affordable to individuals and small organizations that want to use them for not-for-profit purposes. Find out how LPFM stations work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does satellite Internet work? Apr 07, 2014

If you're trying to access the Internet in a very rural or remote place, satellite Internet is probably your best bet. In this episode, Marshall explains how satellite Internet works.

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What is an IP address? Apr 02, 2014

Every computer that's connected to the Internet has its own unique "address." Tune in as Marshall explains how IP addresses work -- and how many of them exist -- in this episode.

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What happens when pregnant women smoke cigarettes? Mar 31, 2014

When pregnant women smoke, they expose their developing babies to a host of addictive, harmful chemicals. In this episode, Marshall Brain explains how nicotine and other compounds found in cigarettes affect developing fetuses.

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What is a funicular railway? Mar 28, 2014

A funicular railway combines the technology of an elevator and a train. But how do they actually work? Learn more about these fascinating railways -- and how old they are -- in this episode.

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How are LCD screens backlit? Mar 26, 2014

In this episode, Marshall explains the two technologies that are used to backlight LCD panels. Tune in to learn more about the science behind LCD panels.

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What is a stratospheric aerosol? Mar 24, 2014

Stratospheric aerosols have been proposed as a new way to combat global warming -- but what's the science behind this proposal? Discover how stratospheric aerosols would work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Tiny Houses Mar 19, 2014

Tiny houses are part of a growing trend, but why would someone want an itty bitty house? In this episode, Marshall talks about the benefits and challenges of building a tiny home.

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What is a Nor’easter? Mar 10, 2014

Nor'easters are storm systems that frequently occur in the eastern United States during winter. In this episode, Marshall explains where Nor'easters get their name, how they work and why some Nor'easters are more powerful than others.

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How do smoke detectors intercommunicate? Mar 07, 2014

Some AC-powered smoke detectors are wired to communicate with each other. So when one unit is triggered, all of the units go off. Find out how this intercommunication works in this episode.

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Where did the potato chip come from? Mar 05, 2014

Potato chips were invented in 1853 by an American cook named George Crum, and they've been a popular food item ever since. Learn more about George Crum and the evolution of the potato chip in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What causes poison ivy blisters? Mar 03, 2014

When people get a rash from poison ivy, their bodies are reacting to a chemical called urushiol. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about poison ivy rashes.

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How do mood rings work? Feb 28, 2014

Mood rings claim to reflect changes in your emotional state -- and, in a way, they do. Discover the science behind mood rings in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What makes your knuckles pop? Feb 26, 2014

Learn more about the anatomy (and chemistry) behind that popping sound your knuckles make when you crack them in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Could I see a flashlight beam from Earth on the moon? Feb 24, 2014

If you shone a flashlight beam from Earth, would you be able to see it from the moon? It depends. Find out why -- and get a lesson in how light works -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why do tools have "drop forged" stamped on them? Feb 21, 2014

Tools that say "drop forged" have been created using a technique called drop forging. Find out how drop forging and several other kinds of forging work, and why drop forging is a sign of a sturdy tool, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does the lighter in a barbeque grill work? Feb 19, 2014

A barbeque grill has a push-button lighter that relies on piezoelectricity to generate a spark. Learn more about how piezoelectricity works -- and the kinds of devices that use piezoelectric materials -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How can you measure the height of a tall tower? Feb 17, 2014

In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall reveals three common techniques for measuring the height of tall objects like towers.

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Why does the moon look bigger when it's near the horizon? Feb 14, 2014

When the moon is near the horizon, it appears to be much bigger than when it's high in the sky. But is it really larger? Tune in to find out.

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How do photochromatic lenses work? Feb 12, 2014

Photochromatic lenses darken when exposed to the sun. Discover where these lenses came from, how they work and why they're commonly referred to as "transition" lenses in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a movie clapperboard work? Feb 10, 2014

A movie clapperboard isn't just a placemarker; this device helps movie makers synchronize a movie's audio and video elements. Find out how a traditional movie clapperboard works, as well as a digital one, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why doesn't gasoline burn cleanly? Feb 08, 2014

Since gasoline is a liquid formed of carbon and hydrogen, it's possible to trace the chemical reactions in car exhaust and understand what types of pollutants are created by a car's engine. Tune in and learn more about the science behind burning gas.

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How do jet engines start? Feb 05, 2014

If you've ever watched a jet engine start, you've probably noticed that the blades begin to rotate slowly before spinning up to full speed -- but why? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science behind jet engines in this episode.

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Can cans and string really be used like a telephone? Feb 03, 2014

You've probably heard of this trick before: Connecting two cans with a piece of string in the bottom of each can will supposedly allow people to speak over a distance to one another. Tune in as Marshall Brain explains how it works in this episode.

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What is making my backyard sparkle at night? Jan 31, 2014

One night, Marshall went outside with a headlight lamp on his head and discovered that his backyard was full of sparkling reflections. What were these sparkles? Discover the surprising answer in this episode.

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What can you do to make yourself really unhappy? Jan 29, 2014

There are lots of articles and research on happiness these days, but what about unhappiness? What makes us unhappy, and will avoiding it make us happy? In this episode, Marshall points out three behaviors that are sure to create unhappiness.

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What is the difference between hardwood and softwood? Jan 15, 2014

When it comes to differentiating between hardwoods and softwoods, it's not a matter of hardness or density -- it's all about plant reproduction. Marshall explains what angiosperms and gymnosperms are in this episode.

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How do stabilizer bars work? Jan 08, 2014

Stabilizer bars are designed to keep your car from rolling when you make sharp turns. Learn more about how these bars work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a CB radio antenna work? Jan 03, 2014

A citizens band (CB) radio is often used by truck drivers to communicate while on the road, but how does it work? Marshall Brain gives a detailed explanation of how a CB radio's antenna works in this episode.

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When you have an itch, what's happening under your skin? Jan 01, 2014

Skin covers our bodies, so it's very easy for this delicate organ to get irritated. In this episode, Marshall explains why our bodies respond to irritants with an itching sensation -- and why we're programmed to scratch.

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What is a digital signature? Dec 30, 2013

A digital signature is a way to authenticate electronic documents. Find out what 'authentic' means in this context -- and how encryption is involved in the authentication process -- in this episode.

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Why do some engines use a dry sump oil system? Dec 27, 2013

Most car engines use a wet sump oil system, but some rely on a dry sump system. Find out how a dry sump system works -- and why it's advantageous -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What are carbide tips? Dec 25, 2013

Many cutting tools are made of materials like steel but have carbide tips, which stay sharper longer. Learn more about carbide tips in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Is it possible to use a leaf blower as a supercharger? Dec 23, 2013

Leaf blowers are convenient, but are they living up to their potential? In this podcast, Marshall examines superchargers, explaining how a leaf blower can (theoretically) perform the same duties. Tune in and learn more about hacking leaf blowers.

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How does a QWERTY keyboard work? Dec 20, 2013

The QWERTY keyboard is the standard for most computers today, but why are the letters arranged in such a peculiar way? Learn more about the QWERTY keyboard's unusual layout -- and how it compares to the Dvorak design -- in this episode.

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How does a fiber optic cable work? Dec 18, 2013

Fiber optic cables make long-distance telephone communication and Internet access much more affordable and accessible. Get Marshall's explanation of fiber optic cables in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Does airing out mattresses outside do any good? Dec 16, 2013

Airing out rugs and mattresses outdoors is a great way to disinfect them, thanks to a little thing called ultraviolet light. Find out how UV light can disinfect everything from rugs to water in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How Lava Lamps Work Dec 13, 2013

Liquid motion lamps -- or lava lamps -- use heat to create slight differences in the density of two liquids. Learn more about lava lamps and density in this Brainstuff podcast.

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How Dry Cleaning Works Dec 11, 2013

Dry cleaning is not actually clean -- instead, it uses a petroleum solvent in place of water. Learn more about dry cleaning in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Dehumidifiers Work Dec 09, 2013

Dehumidifiers remove moisture from the air -- but how does this actually work? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about dehumidifiers.

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How Does Yawning Work? Nov 27, 2013

Just hearing about yawning can make you yawn, and no one is sure why. Learn more about yawns and yawning in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How the Nobel Prize Works Nov 22, 2013

Nobel Prizes are highly prestigious, valuable awards that have been given out to visionaries and pioneers in select fields since 1901. Tune in to find out more about the Nobel Prize in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What constitutes a person's IQ? Nov 20, 2013

Your IQ, or intelligence quotient, is a reflection of how well you perform on a specific test that measures cognitive abilities. Learn more about IQ tests in this episode.

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What type of gas do racecars use? Nov 13, 2013

Different types of racing vehicles require different types of fuel. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the advantages and drawbacks of each fuel type.

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How do you make clear ice cubes? Nov 06, 2013

What makes some ice cloudy and some perfectly clear? Discover the answer and learn how to make your own batch of clear cubes in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What is the ideal temperature for a refrigerator? Oct 28, 2013

The purpose of a refrigerator is to slow the growth of bacteria -- since some foods don't freeze well, they can't be placed in a freezer. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn the ideal temperature for your refrigerator.

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Does adding RAM make a computer faster? Oct 25, 2013

Adding random access memory -- or RAM -- to your computer can, to a degree, make the machine faster. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn how RAM affects your computer.

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What does 'octane' mean? Oct 23, 2013

The octane rating of gasoline indicates how much a fuel can be compressed before it ignites. When gas ignites due to compression, knocking occurs within the engine. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about octane and engines.

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How Case Hardening Works Oct 21, 2013

Steel is an amazing metal. Many different varieties of steel exist, and some types of steel are better for certain tasks. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how case hardening allows manufactures to get the best of multiple types of steel.

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Why do batteries die but then come back to life? Oct 18, 2013

Batteries -- particularly car batteries -- seem to go dead and then come back to life after a resting period. How does this self-recharging feature of batteries work? Find out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How the Horizon Works Oct 11, 2013

When you stand at the water's edge and look out toward the horizon, how far away can you actually see? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the horizon and the curvature of Earth.

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How do V-chips work? Oct 04, 2013

As of 1999, all TV sets sold in the Untied States are required to contain a viewer-control chip, also known as a v-chip. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about v-chips and television ratings.

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How does hair length work? Sep 30, 2013

As hair cells form in follicles, they push other cells out of the follicle. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about your hair's growth and rest phases.

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How do vacuums work? Sep 27, 2013

If a balloon was filled by a vacuum -- rather than helium or air -- would it float? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn the science behind balloons and vacuum.

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How does gravity assist with interplanetary satellites? Sep 25, 2013

The idea behind a gravity assist is to use a planet's motion to accelerate a satellite. Check out our article on HowStuffWorks to learn more about the effects of gravity on satellites.

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How does large-scale power storage work? Sep 23, 2013

Wind farms and solar power plants are promising sources of renewable energy, but they're not as reliable as conventional power sources. In this episode, Marshall explains how large-scale storage technologies could make solar and wind power more viable.

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How can I gain pounds during the day and lose them at night? Sep 18, 2013

Water is a very heavy substance -- just one gallon weighs 8 pounds. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about how the passage of water affects your weight.

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How much does it cost to run an electric blanket? Sep 13, 2013

The electric company bills its customer by the kilowatt-hour. The number of watts a device uses times the number of hours you leave it on tells you number of watt-hours it consumes, and divided by 1,000 will convert the measurement to kilowatt-hours. Listen to find out more in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why do hurricanes follow such peculiar tracks? Sep 06, 2013

Hurricanes are enormously destructive, and sometimes seem to have a mind of their own. Tune in to this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about hurricanes.

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How do Heart Bypass operations work? Sep 04, 2013

Since the heart is a muscle, it relies on the oxygen and nutrients contained in blood. This blood is supplied by arteries on the exterior of the heart -- when these arteries are blocked, a heart attack results. Listen to find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Inkjet Printers Work Sep 02, 2013

Inkjet printers shoot extremely small droplets of ink -- thirty dots per millimeter or more -- onto paper to produce a picture. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about inkjet printers.

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What does the VTEC system do? Aug 30, 2013

Every gasoline engine has valves that work with the camshaft to let air into and out of the engine. Learn how VTEC -- Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control -- allows engines to adapt their camshafts in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How quickly does hair grow? Aug 28, 2013

On average, human hair grows a small amount each day. Listen in as Marshall Brain explains hair growth in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do gun silencers work? Aug 26, 2013

The sound of gunfire is incredibly loud, and it is amazing that anything is able to silence a firearm. However, the principle behind a gun silencer is surprisingly simple. Check out our HowStuffWorks article to learn more about silencers.

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How do exhaust headers work to improve an engine's performance? Aug 16, 2013

The goal of headers is to make it easier for an engine to push out exhaust gasses. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how exhaust headers channel exhaust gasses and improve engine efficiency.

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What causes high tide and low tide? Aug 09, 2013

The moon's gravitational pull is strong enough to affect the oceans on Earth, resulting in low and high tides. Discover exactly how high and low tides work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why doesn't the space shuttle burn up upon re-entry? Aug 05, 2013

Meteors burn up once they hit Earth's atmosphere, and the space shuttle would do the same if it wasn't protected. Learn more about meteors and the technologies that keep the space shuttle from burning up in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is fertilizer, and why do plants need it? Aug 02, 2013

In order for a plant to grow and thrive, it needs a number of different chemical elements. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more about fertilizer.

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How do the engines breathe in diesel submarines? Jul 31, 2013

Diesel submarines are actually hybrid vehicles. Find out why -- and exactly how they work -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is a tank engine? Jul 15, 2013

You've probably heard of the beloved character Thomas the Tank Engine, but have you ever wondered what makes him a tank engine? Discover what sets Thomas apart from his locomotive pals in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What exactly is a blueprint? Jul 12, 2013

Blueprinting, which has been around since 1842, is a common way to reproduce an architectural drawing. Tune in to learn more about the complex chemical processes that make blueprints blue -- and white -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does a chicken's egg get its shell? Jul 10, 2013

Which came first -- the chicken or the egg? Listen in as Marshall Brain gives the technical answer -- and takes a look at the science behind eggshell formation -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Where do bullets go when guns are fired into the air? Jun 19, 2013

When people fire guns into the air in a celebratory manner, those bullets have to go somewhere. Find out how high fired bullets can go -- and why they can be dangerous -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does pressure-treated lumber work? Jun 17, 2013

organisms. Find out why pressure-treated lumber holds up better -- and how it works -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do Mexican jumping beans work? Jun 12, 2013

Although Mexican jumping beans don't actually jump, they're definitely more active than your average bean. Find out how a moth makes them move in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does a hybrid car work? Jun 12, 2013

Hybrid cars combine electric motors and smaller gasoline engines in an attempt to increase efficiency. Find out exactly how they work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does an Indiglo watch work? May 28, 2013

An Indiglo watch works a lot like a neon sign, getting its signature "glow" from electroluminescence. Tune in to hear Marshall Brain explain the finer points of Indiglo watch technology in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What makes NASCAR engines different from other engines? May 28, 2013

NASCAR engines are built for maximum efficiency, and they're much more powerful than regular engines. Marshall Brain discusses five ways in which NASCAR engines differ from regular ones in this episode.

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How do torpedo engines work if they're underwater? May 27, 2013

Torpedo engines rely on special methods of propulsion to operate underwater. Find out what they are in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a Crooke's radiometer work? May 23, 2013

Vacuums and light combine to power a Crooke's radiometer -- but how does it work? Listen in and learn more about the mechanisms inside the radiometer in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why is Friday the 13th considered unlucky? May 22, 2013

In countries like the United States, people have a superstitious fear of one particular date: Friday the 13th. But why? In this episode, Marshall discusses the two main fears that have fueled the Friday the 13th superstitions, as well as their origins.

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What's the best way to back up a computer's hard disk? May 03, 2013

Your computer's hard disk stores all your information, but what happens if it gets damaged or dies? In this episode, Marshall Brain explains why it's important to back up your hard disk and weighs the advantages and disadvantages of three backup methods.

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How does bulletproof glass work? May 01, 2013

Bullet-resistant glass, commonly referred to as ""bulletproof,"" is a special type of glass designed to resist bullets. Tune in to this episode to learn how different types of bullet-resistant glass work.

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What does tear gas do? Apr 29, 2013

You've probably heard of tear gas before, but did you know that Mace is a form of it? Learn more about the three commonly used types of tear gas -- how they work and what they're used for -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What are the fastest hard disks available today? Apr 24, 2013

Hard disk drives and connections have been getting faster and faster. In this episode, Marshall discusses the evolution of the hard disk and the shockingly fast drives available today.

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Why should you wash new clothes before wearing them? Apr 05, 2013

Some clothes have tags that say "wash before wearing" or "wash separately." Find out why it's sometimes a good idea to wash new clothes before you wear them in this episode.

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How cell phones work Mar 15, 2013

Today's cell phones are amazingly compact, complex devices that provide a wide array of services. Discover the origins of these technological wonders, and the technology that makes them work, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does a toaster work? Mar 13, 2013

Toasting is a tasty way to increase the durability of bread, and automatic toasters are a convenient way to make toast. Learn more about the chemical change that turns bread into toast and the mechanism behind toasters in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why do most cars use gasoline instead of diesel? Mar 08, 2013

Diesel engines are more efficient than engines that run on gasoline, yet they've never really caught on in passenger cars in the United States. Discover the many reasons why diesel engines aren't the norm in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does Caller ID work? Mar 04, 2013

Almost all cell phones have a capacity for caller ID, which identifies the phone number at the other end of a telephone connection -- but how does it work? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the basics of this surprisingly simple technology.

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Where did the hamburger get its name? Feb 01, 2013

The word 'hamburger' seems to imply that pork is a main ingredient, but in fact, this famous beef sandwich got its name from a city. Learn more about the origins and spread of the hamburger in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What gives a Harley its distinctive sound? Jan 28, 2013

A Harley Davidson motorcycle emits a very distinctive sound because of the unique way its engine works. Find out more in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Does drinking ice water burn calories? Jan 18, 2013

When you drink cold water, your body exerts an effort to warm up the liquid and, in doing so, burns calories. So does that make drinking ice water an effective weight loss strategy? Find out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is the problem with MTBE in gasoline? Jan 14, 2013

Some gasoline contains MTBE, or methyl tertiary butyl ether. Find out why MTBE is added to gasoline in the first place, and why it's no longer a popular additive, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why does a manual transmission make a whirring noise? Jan 09, 2013

When manual transmissions are put in reverse, they produce a loud, whirring noise. What's the culprit? Gears. Marshall Brain explains how helical and spur gears work in manual transmissions in this episode.

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What is the Strategic Petroleum Reserve? Jan 07, 2013

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is the world's largest emergency oil stockpile. But why do we have it? Where do we keep it? Find out why the United States created this reserve and where the oil is stored in this episode.

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How does the Radio Data System work? Jan 04, 2013

The Radio Data System, or RDS, allows your radio to display information like song titles and radio station call signs. Find out how the RDS works in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does residential real estate work? Dec 19, 2012

There are many different types of residential real estate: traditional houses, condos, mobile homes, etc. But what's the difference between these types? Marshall Brain breaks it down for you in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does the public option work? Dec 10, 2012

In the current U.S. debate over health care reform, a government-sponsored public option has been a controversial topic. Tune in to this episode of BrainStuff to hear Marshall Brain explain the nuances and implications of the public option.

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How can the grass on a golf course green be so perfect? Dec 07, 2012

The greens on a golf course are famously smooth and perfect-looking, but how do they get that way? Discover how careful planning, the right ingredients and a whole lot of maintenance yield a flawless green in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why do they add iodine to salt? Nov 30, 2012

Table salt contains iodine to help prevent thyroid problems and iodine deficiencies. Find out how table salt keeps your thyroid happy -- and what iodine has to do with a nuclear attack -- in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What does RSVP mean? Nov 14, 2012

Most people are familiar with the concept of replying to a party invitation via R.S.V.P., but what exactly do those letters represent? Learn more about the origins and practices of etiquette in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does gravity work? Oct 24, 2012

Gravity affects us every single day, but how does this oh-so-common force of nature work? Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to take a look at the nuts and bolts of gravity.

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Why is there a small hole on the top of spray can lids? Oct 22, 2012

Many spray can lids have a tiny hole at the top. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about spray cans, shipping and air pressure.

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Why doesn’t the vacuum of space suck away Earth’s atmosphere? Oct 01, 2012

It's often said that "nature abhors a vacuum." If that's true, then why doesn't the vacuum of space suck away our atmosphere? Tune in as Marshall Brain explains the science behind vacuums in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Replacing Toilets Work Sep 28, 2012

A family of four can consume more than 300 gallons of water per day. Old toilets use 5 gallons per flush, and this water use quickly adds up. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast and learn why cities across the US are replacing their old commodes.

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What do those plastic recycling symbols mean? Sep 21, 2012

A typical recycling symbol on plastic looks like a triangle made of arrows. There are seven different types of plastic indicated by the symbols. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn the difference between each of these plastic types.

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How does a Fresnel lens work? Sep 17, 2012

The thin piece of plastic called a Fresnel lens solves some of the problems inherent in traditional magnifying lenses. Learn more about the benefits and weaknesses of Fresnel lenses in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What makes your arms, legs and feet fall asleep? Aug 31, 2012

When you put prolonged pressure on your feet, arms or legs, you temporarily cut off or scramble communications between your brain and your body parts. Marshall explains exactly what happens when body parts "fall sleep" in this episode.

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Why is the Nissan Leaf such a big deal? Aug 27, 2012

Nissan recently released the Leaf, a model which may be the first viable electric car to come on the market. How does it work? Why do people have high hopes for it? Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to find out more about the Nissan Leaf.

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What do the brake warning lights mean in my car? Jul 20, 2012

The brake warning lights in your car light up as part of a routine test. When they stay on, they indicate that there's something wrong with your brake system. Learn more about brake warning lights in this episode.

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How much does 20-pound bond paper weigh? Jul 18, 2012

Your average ream of printer paper is called 20-pound bond paper, but it doesn't actually weigh 20 pounds. Tune in as Marshall explains this strange American paper naming system -- and its metric alternative -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does Christmas work? Jul 09, 2012

Christmas is the biggest holiday on the American calendar -- but how did it get this way? Travel back in time with Marshall Brain as he explores the evolution of Christmas in this special holiday episode.

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Why are West Coast waves bigger than East Coast waves? Jul 06, 2012

The West Coast of the United States seems to produce bigger, more impressive waves than the East Coast. But why? In this episode, Marshall explains the various factors that make West Coast waves bigger and better.

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What is a T1 line and how does it work? Jul 04, 2012

A T1 line is a dedicated fiber optic or copper cable that provides businesses with far more digital data than a residential line. Discover how T1 and other kinds of fiber optic lines work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do you decaffeinate coffee and tea? Jun 29, 2012

There are multiple methods of removing caffeine from naturally caffeinated plant products. Learn more about these processes -- and how much caffeine they really remove -- in this episode.

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How do Voyager 1 and 2 transmit messages from far away? Jun 27, 2012

Spacecraft Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 transmit images of space and its contents from great distances, but how? Learn more about the technology that allows them to send radio messages from far, far away in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Do Power Balance Wristbands really work? Jun 22, 2012

Do Power Balance Wristbands really work? Find out in this BrainStuff podcast by Marshall Brain.

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What's the most efficient way to mow your yard? Jun 13, 2012

There's more than one way to mow a yard, but which is the most efficient? Tune in to this episode of BrainStuff to find out.

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How does disk defragmentation work? Jun 06, 2012

The term 'disk defrag' usually refers to the Windows utility known as the disk defragmenter. But what exactly is this thing, and how does it work? Tune in as Marshall Brain explains disk defragmentation in this podcast.

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How do space mirrors work? Jun 01, 2012

Mirrors placed in space could deflect excessive sunlight and combat global warming trends. Find out more about space mirrors in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why do newspapers turn yellow over time? May 21, 2012

Newspapers turn yellow over time because they contain lignin, a substance in wood that oxidates when exposed to air and light. Learn more about lignin and paper processing in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why do eggs turn hard when you boil them? May 11, 2012

Eggs are rich in protein, and this protein causes eggs to turn hard when they're boiled - but how does it actually work? Tune in as Marshall Brain breaks down the science behind hard-boiled eggs.

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How do you add a USB device if you've run out of ports? Apr 27, 2012

Desktop computers and laptops only have so many USB ports, so what do you do when you want to plug in more USB devices and they're all full? You buy a USB hub. Find out how these hubs work, and which kind you should get, in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is an autograph worth? Apr 23, 2012

An autograph is a famous person's signature, but what determines how valuable it is? Marshall Brain discusses the relative value of autographs -- and what you can do to increase the value of your own signature.

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What are electrolytes? Apr 20, 2012

What are electrolytes, and why do athletes and sick kids need them? Marshall Brain explains how ions and electrolytes work in your body in this episode.

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Why do most zippers say 'YKK' on the pull-tab? Apr 13, 2012

Have you ever wondered why zippers often have the letters 'YKK' etched into them? Learn more about the Japanese company behind the tiny letters -- and the zippers -- in this episode.

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How much coal does a light bulb need to run for a year? Apr 09, 2012

How much coal do you need to run a 100-watt light bulb 24 hours a day for a year? The answer might surprised. Tune in and find out in this episode of BrainStuff.

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What is mayonnaise? Apr 06, 2012

Mayo is an emulsion - a mixture of two liquids that normally can't be combined. So how do these ingredients come together? Tune in to learn how oil, egg yolks and acid combine to form one of the world's most popular condiments.

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Is there an easy way to understand how time zones work? Apr 04, 2012

There are 24 different time zones -- but why do we have them? In this podcast, Marshall recounts how society evolved time zones, and also gives you an easy way to model the structure of time zones across the globe.

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Can picking a movie theater get any more complicated? Mar 19, 2012

With all the recent technological breakthroughs, choosing the right movie theatre has become increasingly complex. Why? Listen in as Marshall breaks down the different sound and video technologies available in modern movie theaters.

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How does emergency preparedness work? Mar 16, 2012

In moments, a natural disaster can level cities, kill thousands and force survivors to scavenge through the rubble for supplies. In this podcast, Marshall discusses the importance of preparedness and the types of supplies you may need in an emergency.

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Why can biting on aluminum foil be painful? Feb 08, 2012

When (dental) metal in your mouth comes in contact with aluminum foil, your teeth get a painful shock from the electricity produced. Marshall Brain explains how the voltaic effect plays out in your mouth in this episode.

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How does WikiLeaks work? Jan 27, 2012

WikiLeaks is a controversial "not-for-profit media organization" that disseminates secret, leaked information to the public. But how exactly does this group work? And why does it exist? Marshall Brain takes a look at WikiLeaks in this episode.

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Are all blood types needed for donation? Jan 18, 2012

In this episode, Marshall explains how proteins determine your blood type -- and why blood types must match for blood transfusions to be successful.

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Japan's Nuclear Problem Dec 28, 2011

When the recent earthquake hit Japan, it seemed the country had withstood the worst of the blast -- until explosions occurred at a nuclear power plant. Is another disaster on the way? Tune in as Marshall explains the state of Japan's nuclear power plants.

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What does a gigabyte of internet access really cost? Dec 23, 2011

Internet service providers often tangle with customers who claim they're being ripped off -- but how much does a gigabyte of access actually cost? Join Marshall Brain as he breaks down the real cost of a gigabyte's worth of internet access.

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Which 4G services are available in the U.S. today? Dec 21, 2011

If you have a smart phone, you may be interested in 4G service for the data you receive. But which services are available, and which one will suit your needs? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the differences between 4G services.

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Why is a cell phone called a cell phone? Dec 19, 2011

Cellular phone systems divide areas of coverage into "cells," hence the name. But how do they actually work? Listen in as Marshall Brain breaks down the nuts and bolts of cell phone systems in this episode.

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How does the oxygen sensor in a car work? Dec 14, 2011

All new cars sport oxygen sensors that are designed to cut down emissions and keep the engine running smoothly. Find out exactly how these sensors work in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why can I play some DVDs, but not others? Dec 02, 2011

Film studios use regional code protection in DVD technology to protect content and to control worldwide release dates. Tune as Marshall Brain breaks down the concept of region codes in this podcast.

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How do CD-R discs work? Nov 30, 2011

Unlike a regular CD, a CD-R has a special dye layer that allows you to imprint data on it. Discover the mechanics of CD-R discs in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Is chocolate poisonous to dogs? Nov 16, 2011

Under the right conditions, chocolate can indeed be deadly for dogs. Tune in to learn more about the compound in chocolate that makes it dangerous for dogs (and how much is too much) in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How can there be seedless grapes? Nov 14, 2011

Seedless grapes are the most common kind on the market, but have you ever wondered how a grape can be seedless? How does it grow? Discover how seedless grapes accidentally came about -- and how they grow -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How do self-driving cars work? Oct 24, 2011

Self-driving cars seem like the stuff of science fiction, but they're closer to becoming reality than you might think. In this episode, Marshall breaks down the technology behind experimental self-driving cars.

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How do British royal titles work? Oct 07, 2011

In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall Brain gives a detailed explanation of how British royal titles work.

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Why do they include jokers in a deck of playing cards? Oct 03, 2011

The joker is an obscure and (according to some) useless addition to a deck of modern playing cards -- but it was originally a powerful card. Discover the history of the joker card and the modern card deck in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is dynamite? How does it work? Sep 28, 2011

Dynamite is a type of chemical explosive. Discover how explosives from gasoline to dynamite work in this episode of BrainStuff.

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Why is dry ice dangerous? Sep 26, 2011

Dry ice is different from regular ice in several ways. Find out what makes dry ice so unique -- and why it's so good for transporting perishables over long distances -- in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How can a car get 100 MPG? Sep 05, 2011

Created in the 1980s, the Avion is a car that can get more than 100 miles per gallon. In this episode, Marshall Brain talks about the factors that make the Avion so efficient -- and how the same techniques could be applied to production vehicles.

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How Jelly, Jam and Preserves Work Sep 02, 2011

Jam, jelly, and preserves are all made from fruit mixed with sugar and pectin. Jell-O, on the other hand, is completely different. Take a look at our HowStuffWorks article to learn more.

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What happens when you press Alt and F4? Aug 26, 2011

The alt-f4 key combination is a faster way to close a window on your computer. Learn more about this and several other keyboard shortcuts in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Where's the best place to sit in a movie theater? Aug 22, 2011

When it comes to where you should sit in a movie theater to get the best experience, it's mostly a matter of preference. Except when it comes to sound. Find out why -- and where you should sit -- in this episode.

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Why is bamboo suddenly appearing in so many products? Aug 15, 2011

Nowadays bamboo is used to make all sorts of products, from flooring and furniture to bicycle frames. In this episode, Marshall explains why bamboo is becoming so popular -- and the advantages of using it to create consumer goods.

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How Internet Cookies Work Aug 03, 2011

Internet cookies are information stored as text strings on a machine by a web server. Most commonly, cookies are used to store user IDs.

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How does making bread work? Aug 01, 2011

Bread is a technology for turning hard kernels into a soft foodstuff. Learn more about bread and yeast in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How does the ball return work on a pool table? Jul 29, 2011

If you've ever played a coin-operated pool table, then you've probably noticed that the table can sense the difference between the cue ball and the other balls in play. But how does this work? Tune in and find out in this podcast.

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How do a zebra's stripes act as camoflauge? Jul 27, 2011

A zebra's stripes offer protection from predators in the form of camouflage -- and a way to identify individual members within the larger group. Learn more about zebra stripes in this episode.

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How the Lightsaber Effect Works Jul 18, 2011

Unfortunately lightsabers aren't real. The technique used to produce the lightsaber effect is simple, but tedious. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the special effects behind lightsabers.

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What type of gas do race cars use? Jul 13, 2011

Different types of racing vehicles require different types of fuel. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the advantages and drawbacks of each fuel type.

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How Calorie Meters Work Jun 24, 2011

It's easy to jump on an exercise machine and watch the calorie meter -- but how accurate are these meters? Learn more about calorie meters in this HowStuffWorks podcast

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What are hot dogs made from? Jun 22, 2011

Hot dogs were first created in Frankfurt, Germany. But what exactly are they made from? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the mysterious ingredients of hot dogs.

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How much fuel does an airplane use for a trip? Jun 10, 2011

A Boeing 747 uses approximately one galloon of fuel per second -- over the course of a ten hour flight, it might burn 36,00 galloons of fuel. How does this compare to a car? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about airplane mileage.

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How Contrails Work Jun 01, 2011

The clouds that some jets form on certain days are called condensation trails -- or contrails. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about condensation, weather and jets.

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How big does a meteor have to be to reach the ground? May 27, 2011

If you've spent much time looking up at the night sky, then you've probably seen some spectacular meteor showers. But how big do these things have to be make it through Earth's atmosphere and reach the ground? Tune in and find out.

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Is there any way to see orbiting satellites? May 25, 2011

Satellites are fascinating, but for most people they're somewhat mysterious. They float somewhere in space, invisible to the naked eye -- or are they? In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall explains the physics behind satellites and orbits.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: May 6th, 2011 May 06, 2011

With billions of people on the planet and millions of astonishing events happening each day, it's tough to keep track of everything. Luckily, Marshall's here to keep you up-to-date with the latest news in his weekly news roundup. Tune in and learn more.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: April 29th, 2011 Apr 29, 2011

With billions of people on the planet and millions of astonishing events happening each day, it's tough to keep track of everything. Luckily, Marshall's here to keep you up-to-date with the latest news in his weekly news roundup. Tune in and learn more.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: April 22nd, 2011 Apr 22, 2011

From the Dukan Diet to gigantic super organisms, there's no shortage of fascinating news stories each week -- so how can you keep track of the best? Never fear: Tune in as Marshall catches you up to speed with his weekly news roundup.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: April 15th, 2011 Apr 15, 2011

With billions of people on the planet and millions of astonishing events happening each day, it's tough to keep track of everything. Luckily, Marshall's here to keep you up-to-date with the latest news in his weekly news roundup. Tune in and learn more.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: April 7th, 2011 Apr 08, 2011

With billions of people on the planet and millions of astonishing events happening each day, it's tough to keep track of everything. Luckily, Marshall's here to keep you up-to-date with the latest news in his weekly news roundup. Tune in and learn more.

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How many people does it take to do a Formula 1 pit stop? Apr 06, 2011

If you've ever seen a Formula 1 race, then you know the race isn't just between cars -- it's also between pit stop crews. In seven seconds these crews perform an entire pit stop. But how does it work, and how many people does it take? Tune in to find out.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: April 1st, 2011 Apr 01, 2011

With billions of people on the planet and millions of astonishing events happening each day, it's tough to keep track of everything. Luckily, Marshall's here to keep you up-to-date with the latest news in his weekly news roundup. Tune in and learn more.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: March 25th, 2011 Mar 25, 2011

From streaming photo albums to Rebecca Black, this week has been chock-full of fascinating (or, at least in Rebecca's case, unavoidable) events. Tune in as Marshall Brain helps you catch up on the latest and most interesting news from around the world.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: March 18th, 2011 Mar 18, 2011

As the nuclear situation in Japan continues to deteriorate, Marshall explores how a similar earthquake could affect the United States. And that's not all: Tune in and catch up on the latest, most fascinating news of the past week in this podcast.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: March 4th, 2011 Mar 04, 2011

Want to catch up on the biggest news stories of the week? If so, tune in as Marshall Brain analyzes the latest breaking news from around the world in this weekly news roundup. Tune in to learn more.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup: February 25th, 2011 Feb 25, 2011

Will the USB port become a thing of the past? How far will the price of solar power fall? Join Marshall Brain as he brings you the latest world news, from the death of the Guinea worm or the growth of private space exploration.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup 2-18-2011 Feb 18, 2011

From Jeopardy's first nonhuman contestant to the secret recipe for Coca-Cola, this week has been packed with fascinating stories. Tune in as Marshall helps you catch up on the week's most interesting news.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup No. 2 Feb 11, 2011

Each Friday, Marshall Brain brings you the latest news of the week in one handy podcast. Want to know what's shaking in the world of technology, science and more? Then tune in for a dose of BrainStuff.

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Marshall Brain's News Roundup No. 1 Feb 04, 2011

What's the deal with the UFO sighting in Jerusalem? Will the high schools of the future be filled with telepresence robots? Tune in and join Marshall Brain as he reviews the week's most fascinating news.

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Anti-reflective Coatings Jan 17, 2011

Anti-reflective coatings are used to eliminate any light reflective off the back of the lenses. Learn about anti-reflective coatings in this BrainStuff episode.

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What is the coolest stuff from the 2011 edition of CES? Jan 10, 2011

When it came to gadgets, the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show did not disappoint. But which new products were the coolest? Tune in as Marshall Brain breaks down the latest and greatest of the CES in this podcast.

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What is a cyberwar, and what tactics do cyber warriors use? Dec 20, 2010

Modern warfare has expanded beyond its tradtional venues and tactics, infiltrating the world of cyberspace. In this episode, Marshall discusses the many forms of cyber warfare, from computer hacking to viruses.

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Is it possible to get free land and free houses in the U.S.? Dec 17, 2010

In the 1860s, the Homestead Act provided free land to settlers. Is there anything like that in 2010? In this episode, Marshall explains why and how it's possible to acquire land and houses for free -- or really cheaply -- in the United States today.

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Is there a way to make my sunglasses scratch-resistant? Dec 06, 2010

Sunglasses have various special coatings: Some are reflective, while others are scratch-resistant. In this episode, Marshall explains how these different coatings work.

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how does a direct-injection 2-stroke engine work? Nov 22, 2010

In a previous episode, Marshall explained how 4-stroke, direct-injection engines work; In this one, he takes a look at 2-stroke engines that utilize direct injection technology.

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How did instant cameras work? Oct 15, 2010

Instant cameras made it possible to see a photograph almost immediately after you'd taken it. But how? In this episode, Marshall explains the chemical processes behind regular and instant photographic film.

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What is a Nor'easter? Sep 24, 2010

Nor'easters are storm systems that frequently occur in the eastern United States during winter. In this episode, Marshall explains where Nor'easters get their name, how they work and why some Nor'easters are more powerful than others.

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How do they backlight LCD screens? Aug 23, 2010

In this episode, Marshall explains the two technologies that are used to backlight LCD panels.

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What exactly is jello made from? Jul 21, 2010

Jello is tasty, colorful and fun to eat, but what's in it? One of its ingredients, gelatin, comes from animals. Marshall Brain breaks down the chemistry of jello and gelatin in this episode.

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What's the best way to get Twitter or Facebook followers? May 26, 2010

In this episode, Marshall Brain launches the first of a series of experiments with social media. Tune in to learn more about the new BrainStuff Twitter and Facebook accounts and Marshall's social media experiments.

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When I pay for groceries by check, where does that check go? May 14, 2010

When you write a check to purchase goods and services, it passes through the hands of several banks before the process is complete. Marshall explains how checks are processed through intermediary banks in this episode.

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Is it harmful to breathe 100 percent oxygen? May 03, 2010

Oxygen is a necessary component of the air we breathe; but in its pure form, it can be hazardous to one's health. Marshall Brain explains how breathing pure oxygen harms the human body in this episode.

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how do I know if my catalytic converter has failed? Apr 09, 2010

An automobile's catalytic converter uses a catalyst to convert harmful exhaust fumes into harmless ones. Find out what happens when your catalytic converter stops working properly -- and how you can tell -- in this episode.

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How do blimps work? Feb 16, 2010

Tune in to this episode of BrainStuff to learn more about blimps, from how they work to why they're a popular medium for advertisin

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How does a gas pump know when the fuel tank is full? Jan 20, 2010

If you've ever put gas in a car, you've probably noticed how the gas pump shuts off when your tank is full. But how does it know to do that? Learn more about the clever mechanism that keeps your gas tank from overflowing in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How does the Nobel Prize work? Dec 21, 2009

Nobel Prizes are highly prestigious, valuable awards that have been given out to visionaries and pioneers in select fields since 1901. Tune in to find out more about the Nobel Prize in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do satellites orbit the Earth? Nov 23, 2009

In this episode of BrainStuff, Marshall explains the physics behind satellites and orbits.

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How do they measure sea level? Oct 26, 2009

Sea level is an important measurement, but it's also a complicated one. Find out why in this episode of BrainStuff.

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How do herbicides like Roundup work? Oct 21, 2009

Herbicides like Roundup are products that inhibit plant and weed growth in a very specific way. Explore the biochemistry behind glyphosphate-based herbicides in this episode of HowStuffWorks.com.

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Can grilling meat really cause cancer? Mar 23, 2009

Lots of people like to grill their meat, but this popular cooking method has been linked to cancer. Discover how chemical reactions make grilled meat potentially carcinogenic in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How long can a germ live in a room? Mar 16, 2009

How long can a germ last outside the body? It depends. Tune in to this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com to find out how different germs fare outside the body.

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How do fog machines work? Mar 13, 2009

There are several types of fog machines, each with specific advantages and disadvantages. Listen in to learn more about fog machines.

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Are florescent bulbs really more efficient? Mar 09, 2009

Customers are increasingly choosing long-lasting alternatives to traditional incandescent lights. But are florescent lightbulbs really more efficient than traditional lightbulbs? Listen in and find out in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Car Thermostats Work Mar 06, 2009

Any liquid-cooled car engine has a thermostat that blocks the flow of coolant to the radiator. Learn how the thermostat works to reduce wear, deposits and emissions in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Why can boats float on water? Mar 04, 2009

If a boat weighs 1,000 pounds, it will sink into the water until it displaces 1,000 pounds of water. Tune in to learn how the shape of a boat allows it to displace enough water to float in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How the Virtual First-Down Line Works Mar 02, 2009

Virtual first down lines are used to indicate where play resumes in football -- but how do they work? Listen in as Marshall Brain explains how the technology superimposes a virtual line in this podcast on HowStuffWorks.com.

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What is dioxin? Feb 25, 2009

Dioxin is an organic chemical that consists of benzene, oxygen and chlorine. This chemical is also toxic. Tune in to learn more about dioxin and Agent Orange in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How Activated Charcoal Works Feb 20, 2009

If you look on the label of a water filter, you'll often see the filter contains activated charcoal -- but what exactly is this stuff? Tune in as Marshall Brain explains the nature of activated charcoal in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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How does SETI at home work? Feb 11, 2009

SETI -- the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence -- is an enormous, global undertaking meant to detect signs of life beyond our solar system. Learn how you can help from home in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.

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What is silica gel? Feb 02, 2009

Everyone's familiar with those little packets of silicate gel, found in thousands of products -- but what exactly do they do? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast and learn more about silica gel.

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Why doesn't the vacuum of space suck away Earth's atmosphere? Jan 30, 2009

It's often said that "nature abhores a vacuum." If that's true, then why doesn't the vacuum of space suck away our atmosphere? Tune in as Marshall Brain explains the science behind vacuums in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Vacuums Work Dec 15, 2008

If a balloon was filled by a vacuum -- rather than helium or air -- would it float? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn the science behind balloons and vacuum.

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What is an MRE? Dec 12, 2008

An MRE -- or meal ready to eat -- contains precooked, sterilized food originally made to nourish soldiers. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the retort packaging that makes MREs possible.

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How Polygraph Machines Work Dec 03, 2008

Also known as 'lie detectors,' polygraphs are used to record an individual's vital signs, such as breathing rate, pulse, and so forth. Check out this podcast from HowStuffWorks to learn more about polygraphs and the art of lie detection.

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How much fuel does an international airplane use for a trip? Nov 21, 2008

A Boeing 747 uses approximately one galloon of fuel per second -- over the course of a ten hour flight, it might burn 36,00 galloons of fuel. How does this compare to a car? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about airplane mileage.

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What are MP3 files and how do they work Nov 19, 2008

CDs store music using 44,100 16-bit digital samples per second, adding up to about 10 megabytes per minute -- and that's too large to move easily move across the internet. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how MP3 files solve this problem.

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Why do apples and potatoes turn brown when you slice them? Oct 10, 2008

All cells contains thousands of enzymes, and each of these enzymes is necessary for the cell. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn which enzymes cause apples and potatoes to turn brown upon exposure to oxygen.

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What is an anti-siphon valve? Oct 08, 2008

In houses with a built-in sprinkler system, anti-siphon valves prevent pesticides, pet waste, and other contaminants from polluting the home's water source. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about anti-siphon valves.

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How a GFCI outlet works Oct 03, 2008

A normal 120 volt outlet in the US has two vertical slots and a role hole centered below the slots -- the outlets with a pair of red and black 'test' and 'reset' buttons are known as GCFI outlets. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more.

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Could anti-lock brakes detect a flat? Sep 29, 2008

By using a computer to monitor the rotation of the car's wheels, an anti-lock braking system helps drivers avoid skids. Could this computer also monitor flat tires? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about brake systems.

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How Gun Silencers Work Sep 22, 2008

The sound of gunfire is incredibly loud, and it is amazing that anything is able to silence a firearm. However, the principle behind a gun silencer is surprisingly simple. Check out our HowStuffWorks article to learn more about silencers.

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How Heart Bypass Operations Work Sep 19, 2008

Since the heart is a muscle, it relies on the oxygen and nutrients contained in blood. This blood is supplied by arteries on the exterior of the heart -- when these arteries are blocked, a heart attack results. Take a look at our HowStuffWorks article to

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What is the difference between jelly jam and preserves? And What is Jello? Sep 12, 2008

Jam, jelly, and preserves are all made from fruit mixed with sugar and pectin. Jell-O, on the other hand, is completely different. Take a look at our HowStuffWorks article to learn more.

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How children from the same parents look so different? Sep 08, 2008

Every person has a set of chromosomes, or coiled strands of DNA. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn how chromosomes combine to promote variation from one generation to the next.

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How Catapults Works Sep 05, 2008

There are three different technologies that fall into the catapult category: the ballista, the trebuchet and the catapult. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about the differences between catapult technologies.

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What does the computer in a car do? Sep 03, 2008

All cars manufactured today contain at least one computer -- but what does it do? Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about car computers.

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How Water Softener Works Aug 29, 2008

The idea behind a water softener is simple: the calcium and magnesium ions in hard water are replaced with sodium ions. Learn more about the harmful effects of hard water -- and the benefits of soft water -- in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Carbon Chains Work Aug 27, 2008

Learn how the length of hydrocarbon atom chains have different properties, producing substances such as kerosene, methane and other forms of fossil fuel. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about fossil fuels.

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Do the humps on camels hold water? Aug 25, 2008

The camel's hump is a giant deposit of fat that lets the camel survive up to 2 weeks without food. Learn more about camels in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why does Alka-Seltzer fizz? Aug 20, 2008

The fizzing you see when you drop an Alka-Seltzer tablet in water is the same sort of fizzing that you see from baking powder. This reaction is caused by an acid reacting with a base. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more.

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What causes the banging noise in my home's pipes? Aug 18, 2008

The problem of pipes banging on a wall is often called "water hammer." Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about this phenomenon.

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How Catalytic Convertors Work Aug 11, 2008

Catalytic convertors convert hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides into three harmless chemicals, making the exhaust of a vehicle much cleaner.

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How 3-Way Lightbulbs Work Aug 01, 2008

A 3-way bulb contains two filaments, and these filaments have differing wattages. Depending on the setting, the filaments operate separately or together to create the appropriate amount of light. Learn more about 3-way bulbs in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Breathing in a Submarine Work Jul 30, 2008

For air in a submarine to remain usable, three things must happen: The oxygen must be replenished as it is consumed, the carbon dioxide must be removed from the air, and the moisture in human breath must also be removed.

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How Fever Works Jul 28, 2008

In this podcast, learn what causes a fever and what actually happens to the body when a fever occurs.

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How Fountains in Rome Work Jul 25, 2008

Built before the invention of electric pumps, fountains in Rome were powered through an ingenious system of gravity, cisterns, and aqueducts. Learn more about fountains in Rome in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Nautical Miles Work Jul 21, 2008

One minute of arc on planet earth is equal to one nautical mile. Listen to this HowStuffWorks podcast and learn more about the measurement of nautical miles.

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How Digital Answering Machines Work Jul 18, 2008

Today, most answering machines are digital, and use the same technology as a CD or MP3 player. Learn more about digital answering machines in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Maple Syrup Works Jul 16, 2008

The clear, thin sap of Maple trees must be boiled down to create maple syrup -- it takes about 30 to 40 gallons of sap to create one gallon of syrup. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about Maple syrup.

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How Glowing Watch Hands Work Jul 14, 2008

In many watches, phosphor is mixed with a radioactive element that continously charges the phosphor, powering glowing watch hands. Learn more about glowing watch hands in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Uninterruptible Power Supplies Work Jul 14, 2008

An uninterruptible power supply protects computers against surges, spikes, sags, and total power failure. Check out this HowStuffWorks podcast to learn more about uninterruptible power supplies.

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How the Corvette ZR1 Works Jul 14, 2008

The 2009 Corvette ZR1 combines several technical innovations to produce a turbo-charged, eight-cylinder engine. Learn more about the Corvette ZR1 in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How gas pumps work Jul 14, 2008

Next time you're filling up your tank at a gas station, ask yourself this: how does the nozzle know when the tank is full? Learn more about gas pumps in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Why the Sky is Blue? Jul 14, 2008

As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, particles in the air scatter blue light more efficiently than any other color in the light spectrum, creating a blue sky. Learn more about the sky and light in this Brainstuff podcast.

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How Radiation Works Jul 14, 2008

Although most people are frightened by radiation, the truth is we are irradiated every day, both from cosmic rays in the sky, and radioactive elements in the ground. Learn more about radiation in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What is the Difference Between a Carat and a Karat? Jul 14, 2008

Carats are used for diamonds, while karats are used for gold. Learn more about the difference between carats and karats in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Perceiving Earth as a Sphere Works Jul 14, 2008

Is there any way that people could know the world is sphere while standing on the earth? Learn more about perceiving earth as a sphere in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Flatulance Works Jul 14, 2008

Learn about the causes of gas (flatulence) in this podcast from Marshall Brain.

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How Leap Years Work Jul 14, 2008

A normal calendar years is 365 days long, but the earth actually takes 365.2422 days to completely orbit the sun. Learn more about leap years in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Red Eyes in Photographs Work Jul 14, 2008

The flash of a camera is bright enough to cause a reflection off the human retina -- the red we see in these photos comes from the blood vessels in the eye. Learn more about red eyes and cameras in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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What is the Fastest Computer in the World? Jul 14, 2008

Although the speed of computers is growing exponentially, the human brain may handle roughly ten quadrillion instructions per second. Learn more about the world's fastest computer in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Do Vitamins Work? Jul 14, 2008

A vitamin is a small molecule the body needs but cannot manufacture on its own. Learn more about vitamins in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Nanosolar Works Jul 14, 2008

A company named Nanosolar is shaking up the alternative energy industry by offering solar technology at the lowest prices in history -- even cheaper than energy derived from coal. Learn more about Nanosolar in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Ultra Hi-Def Works Jul 14, 2008

A standard HD screen has roughly 2 million pixels per frame -- but an ultra HD has four times that resolution. Learn more about ultra hi-definition in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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How Stealth Technology Work Jul 14, 2008

Shaping an airplane a certain way -- or using materials that absorb radar waves -- causes a stealth aircraft to have the signature of a small bird, rather than an airplane.

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