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Over the decades, women have had an on-again, off-again relationship with hormone replacement therapy since it arrived on the healthcare scene in the 1800s.
In a nutshell, hormone replacement therapy is meant to replace the estrogen a woman’s body produces less of after menopause.
Now, a research study from Stanford University has found that women who used hormone therapy later in life had lower risk of developing dementia.
Researchers stressed their findings only show an association, not proof, that taking estrogen can help prevent dementia.
Their study examined data from more than 21,000 women, both hormone therapy users and non-users. Among those who used it, 18% showed no signs of Alzheimer’s disease at autopsy, compared with 10% of women who did not.
After accounting for age, education, genetics, race and hypertension, hormone therapy was associated with 35% lower odds of showing signs of Alzheimer’s disease at autopsy.
The new research adds another twist in a long, strange history of trying to treat menopause symptoms, which can include hot flashes, fatigue, insomnia, brain fog and painful sex.
The first treatments injected women with ovarian tissue from cows. Near the turn of that century, there was an option made from powdered cow ovaries.
By 1941, the aptly named treatment called Premarin used urine from pregnant mares.
Hormone replacement therapy’s popularity blossomed through the ’60s and ’70s until worries about endometrial cancer risk dampened enthusiasm.
It bounced back in the 1980s and 1990s, until a 2002 study suggested it might increase cancer risk. Later studies contradicted it.
Since 2023, the therapy has once again enjoyed a resurgence.